Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
  • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
  • B23K35/3073—Fe as the principal constituent with Mn as next major constituent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
  • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
  • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes or wires
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
  • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
  • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
  • B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
  • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
  • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
  • B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
  • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a welding wire used for MAG welding and a MAG welding method using the same, and more particularly to a positive polarity MAG welding wire using the welding wire as a negative pole and a positive polarity MAG welding method using the same. .
• the MAG welding method which uses a mixed gas of Ar gas and CO2 gas as a shielding gas, is the most popular welding method and is widely used for welding steel materials because it is a highly efficient welding method. .
• it has come to be widely used in fields such as shipbuilding, construction, bridges, automobiles, and construction machinery. In the fields centered on shipbuilding, construction and bridges, it is used for high-current multi-layer welding of thick steel plates, while in the fields centered on automobiles and construction machinery, it is often used for fillet welding of thin steel plates.
• positive polarity direct current welding with the welding wire on the negative side has less thermal effect on the steel plate, shallower penetration of the steel plate, and faster melting speed of the welding wire. It is characterized by large quantity.
• the droplets hanging from the tip of the welding wire are coarse, the arc tends to be unstable, and there is a problem that a large amount of spatter is generated.
• there are problems such as humping of the weld bead and uneven bead shape.
• Patent Document 1 discloses a method of reducing the amount of spatter generated in positive polarity MAG welding by welding using a welding steel wire to which REM (rare earth element) is added.
• the shield gas contains 60% by volume or more of CO 2 , and the effect of suppressing the generation of spatter in welding when using a shield gas with a low CO 2 ratio is not sufficient.
• a rare earth element (REM) is added, and the D2 value calculated by the following formula (1) from the contents of Si, Mn, Ti, Zr, Al and Cr is 1.2 to 2.0.
• a MAG welding process using positive polarity MAG welding steel wire characterized by satisfying within the range of 1.
• D2 ([Si]/2)+([Mn]/3)+([Ti]+[Zr]+[Al])+([Cr]/10) (1)
• [element] indicates the element content (% by mass) in the welding wire.
• JP 2005-246386 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-144081
• the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a wire for positive polarity MAG welding (hereinafter simply referred to as " The object of the present invention is to provide a positive polarity MAG welding method using the same.
• the present inventors have extensively studied the effect of wire composition on arc stability in positive polarity MAG welding. As a result, the following knowledge was obtained.
• (1) By including an appropriate amount (specified amount) of rare earth elements (hereinafter referred to as "REM") in the welding wire, it is possible to prevent arc breakage in the low voltage region and to enable stable droplet transfer. .
• (2) By containing appropriate amounts (specific amounts) of Ti, Al, Cr and Ca in the welding wire, the arc generation point is further stabilized, and the surface tension of the droplet is adjusted to a suitable range, resulting in droplet behavior. can be stabilized. As a result, the amount of spatter generated can be greatly reduced.
• (3) Furthermore, by containing appropriate amounts (specified amounts) of Si, Mn and S in the welding wire, particularly stable weldability can be obtained.
• a wire for positive polarity MAG welding [2] In the above [1], in addition to the above composition, Nb: 0.050% or less, V: 0.050% or less, Zr: 0.300% or less, and K: 0.0150% by mass. A wire for positive polarity MAG welding containing at least one selected from % or less. [3] The positive polarity MAG welding wire according to [1] or [2] above, wherein the welding wire has Cu plating with an average thickness of 0.60 ⁇ m or more on the surface layer.
• the positive polarity MAG welding wire and the positive polarity MAG welding method according to the present invention when performing positive polarity MAG welding, the occurrence of spatter is reduced and welding with an excellent bead shape is stably performed. It has a remarkable industrial effect that it can be implemented.
• C is an important element for ensuring the strength of the weld metal, and has the effect of lowering the viscosity of molten steel and improving fluidity. If C is less than 0.020%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when C exceeds 0.080%, not only the behavior of the droplet and molten pool becomes unstable, but also the toughness of the weld metal is lowered. Therefore, C is limited to the range of 0.020 to 0.080%. The range is preferably 0.025 to 0.075%, more preferably 0.030 to 0.070%.
• Si 0.50 to 0.97%
• Si has a deoxidizing action and is an essential element for deoxidizing the weld metal. Furthermore, it has the effect of suppressing arc spread in positive polarity welding and increasing the number of droplet transfers. If the Si content is less than 0.50%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.97%, the arc becomes unstable and the spatter increases. Therefore, Si should satisfy the range of 0.50 to 0.97%. The range is preferably 0.55 to 0.95%, more preferably 0.60 to 0.90%.
• Mn 1.50 to 2.00%
• Mn like Si, has a deoxidizing effect and is an essential element for deoxidizing weld metal. If the Mn content is less than 1.50%, deoxidation is insufficient, and defects such as blowholes occur in the weld metal. On the other hand, if it exceeds 2.00%, the toughness of the weld metal is lowered. Therefore, Mn should satisfy the range of 1.50 to 2.00%. The preferred range is 1.55 to 1.95%.
• P is an element that has the effect of lowering the melting point of steel and improving electrical resistivity. Therefore, since the melting efficiency is improved, the arc is stabilized in positive polarity MAG welding. If it is less than 0.001%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when it exceeds 0.050%, in positive polarity MAG welding, the viscosity of the molten steel is lowered, the arc becomes unstable, and the generation of small spatters increases. Moreover, the risk of hot cracks occurring in the weld metal increases. Therefore, P should satisfy the range of 0.001 to 0.050%. The preferred range is 0.002 to 0.030%.
• S is an element that lowers the viscosity of molten steel so that droplets hanging from the tip of the welding wire can be easily separated, thereby stabilizing the arc in positive polarity MAG welding.
• S also has the effect of smoothing the bead by reducing the viscosity of the molten steel and suppressing the burn-through of the upper plate. If S is less than 0.001%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.025%, small spatters increase and the toughness of the weld metal decreases. Therefore, S should satisfy the range of 0.001 to 0.025%. The preferred range is 0.001 to 0.010%.
• Ti 0.10 to 0.30%
• Ti is an element that has a deoxidizing effect and increases the strength of the weld metal. If Ti is less than 0.10%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.30%, coarse droplets are generated and large spatters increase. Therefore, Ti is limited to the range of 0.10 to 0.30%. The preferred range is 0.13 to 0.25%.
• Al 0.010 to 0.050%
• Al is an element that improves the strength and toughness of the weld metal and enhances arc stability. If Al is less than 0.010%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when it exceeds 0.050%, the toughness of the weld metal is lowered. Therefore, Al is limited to the range of 0.010 to 0.050%. The preferred range is 0.017 to 0.040%.
• Cr 0.05 to 0.20%
• Cr is an element that improves the strength of the weld metal and enhances the weather resistance. If Cr is less than 0.05%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 0.20%, the toughness of the weld metal is lowered. Therefore, Cr is limited to the range of 0.05 to 0.20%. The preferred range is 0.07 to 0.15%. A more preferable range is 0.07 to 0.14%.
• Ni 0.01 to 0.10%
• Ni is also an element that improves the strength of the weld metal and enhances the weather resistance. If Ni is less than 0.01%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 0.10%, the toughness of the weld metal is lowered. Therefore, Ni is limited to the range of 0.01 to 0.10%. The preferred range is 0.01 to 0.08%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.02-0.08%.
• Mo 0.05-0.30%
• Mo is also an element that improves the strength of the weld metal and enhances the weather resistance. If Mo is less than 0.05%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 0.30%, the toughness of the weld metal is lowered. Therefore, Mo is limited to the range of 0.05 to 0.30%. The preferred range is 0.05 to 0.20%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.05-0.17%.
• Ca 0.0016% or less
• Ca is an impurity mixed into molten steel during steelmaking and casting, or mixed into steel wire during wire drawing. If Ca exceeds 0.0016%, stable spray transfer cannot be obtained with REM addition. Therefore, Ca is limited to 0.0016% or less. On the other hand, reducing Ca to less than 0.0001% requires excessive load process control, so the range is preferably 0.0001 to 0.0008%.
• REM 0.020-0.055%
• REM rare earth element
• REM is an element that is effective in refining inclusions in the steelmaking and casting processes of welding wire materials and in improving the toughness of weld metals during welding.
• it stabilizes droplet transfer (spray transfer) in the low voltage region. If the REM is less than 0.020%, such an effect cannot be obtained.
• REM should satisfy the range of 0.020 to 0.055%. The preferred range is 0.025 to 0.055%.
• B is also an element that improves the strength of the weld metal and enhances the weather resistance. If B is less than 0.0005%, such an effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 0.0030%, the toughness of the weld metal is lowered. Therefore, B is limited to the range of 0.0005 to 0.0030%. The preferred range is 0.0010 to 0.0025%. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.0016 to 0.0025%.
• N forms nitrides with Ti and Nb, and refines the crystal grains of the weld zone.
• N is limited to 0.0100% or less. The preferred range is 0.0020 to 0.0050%.
• the welding wire of the present invention has the basic composition described above, and in the present invention, in addition to this basic composition, optionally, Nb: 0.050% or less, V: One or more selected from 0.050% or less, Zr: 0.300% or less, and K: 0.0150% or less can be contained.
• Nb 0.050% or less
• Nb is an element that improves the strength and toughness of the weld metal and enhances arc stability. However, excessive addition causes a decrease in the toughness of the weld metal. Therefore, Nb is preferably 0.050% or less.
• V 0.050% or less
• Nb is an element that improves the strength and toughness of the weld metal and enhances arc stability. However, excessive addition causes a decrease in the toughness of the weld metal. Therefore, V is preferably 0.050% or less.
• Zr 0.300% or less
• Nb and V is an element that improves the strength and toughness of the weld metal and enhances arc stability. However, when it exceeds 0.300%, the toughness of the weld metal is lowered. Therefore, Zr is preferably 0.300% or less.
• K 0.0150% or less
• K is an element that stabilizes the transfer of droplets even at a low current in positive polarity MAG welding, and has the effect of refining the droplets themselves. Therefore, it is preferable to add K to the steel wire as required. However, when the K content exceeds 0.0150%, the arc length increases during welding, the droplets hanging from the tip of the welding wire become unstable, and a large amount of spatter occurs. Therefore, K is preferably 0.0150% or less.
• the remaining composition other than the composition described above consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
• unavoidable impurities include O (oxygen), Sn, Sb, As, Pb, and Bi.
• the amount of O (oxygen) in the wire is preferably 0.0100% or less. This O (oxygen) is inevitably mixed in when the welding wire material is melted or when the welding wire is drawn. The range of 0020 to 0.0080% is more preferable.
• Sn, Sb, and As are each preferably 0.005% or less
• Pb and Bi are each preferably 0.001% or less.
• a preferred method for manufacturing the welding wire according to the present invention will be described.
• a steel material for example, a billet
• cold rolling for example, wire drawing
• the hot rolling and cold rolling are not particularly limited in setting conditions for the rolling, etc., since it is sufficient to manufacture a steel wire having a predetermined size and shape.
• the rolled steel wire is sequentially subjected to the annealing process, the pickling process, the Cu plating process, and the wire drawing process to become a welding wire with a predetermined wire diameter.
• a potassium (K) salt solution it is preferable to apply a potassium (K) salt solution to the surface of the welding wire before annealing, and then perform the annealing.
• the potassium salt solution an aqueous tripotassium citrate solution, an aqueous potassium carbonate solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, or the like is used.
• the concentration of the potassium salt solution applied to the wire surface is preferably in the range of 2 to 30% by mass in terms of potassium content, and the coating amount is preferably in the range of 30 to 50 g per 1 kg of steel wire.
• Potassium has the effect of reducing the occurrence of spatter, and by annealing a welding wire with a potassium salt solution applied to the surface, potassium is stably retained in the internal oxide layer generated during annealing. This is because the occurrence of spatter during welding can be reduced.
• an annealing treatment is performed to soften the steel wire and to retain potassium in the internal oxide layer of the welding wire described above.
• Specific annealing conditions include, for example, an N 2 atmosphere with a dew point of ⁇ 2° C. or less (O 2 : 200 volume ppm or less, CO 2 : 0.1 volume % or less).
• the annealing temperature is preferably in the range of 750 to 950° C. so that the progress of the internal oxidation reaction can be easily controlled.
• the wire diameter of the steel wire, the concentration of the potassium salt solution, the annealing temperature and the annealing time are adjusted to adjust the content of O (oxygen) and K due to internal oxidation of the steel wire within a predetermined range. can be done.
• the steel wires are pickled and then plated with Cu.
• the plating thickness is preferably 0.60 ⁇ m or more.
• the Cu content is preferably 3.0% or less. , 0.60 to 1.00 ⁇ m.
• the MAG welding method is widely used among arc welding methods, and one or more of Ar, He and H2 gases are used to protect (shield) the arc and molten metal from atmospheric nitrogen. and one or two of CO 2 and O 2 gases.
• the mixture ratio of the gases in the shielding gas for positive polarity MAG welding of the present invention is 5 to 30% by volume of one or two of CO 2 and O 2 gases, and the balance is Ar, He and H 2 . It is preferable to use one or more gases among them. More preferably, the proportion of one or two of CO 2 and O 2 is in the range of 10-20% by volume.
• the flow rate of the mixed gas which is the shielding gas, is in the range of 10 to 30 L/min.
• a DC power source is used for welding, and a positive polarity is applied with the wire (welding rod) as a negative electrode and the base material (welding object) as a positive electrode.
• an inverter power source used in a factory or the like, it is converted to direct current using a converter or the like.
• the current is preferably 170A or higher, more preferably in the range of 200-350A.
• the voltage is preferably 15V or higher, more preferably in the range of 20-35V.
• the welding speed is preferably in the range of 20 to 70 cm/min.
• groove processing is performed so that the base materials to be welded form a predetermined groove shape.
• the shape of the groove to be formed is not particularly limited, and typical V grooves, double grooves, X grooves, K grooves, etc. for welded steel structures can be exemplified.
• a steel material (billet) manufactured by continuous casting is hot-rolled into a wire rod with a diameter of 5.5 to 7.0 mm, and then cold-rolled (wire drawing) to make a wire rod with a diameter of 2.0 to 2.0 mm.
• a steel wire with a range of 2.8 mm was used.
• An aqueous solution of tripotassium citrate having a concentration range of 2 to 30% by mass was applied to the steel wire. The coating amount was in the range of 30 to 50 g per 1 kg of steel wire.
• the steel wire was annealed in an N 2 atmosphere (O 2 : 200 volume ppm or less, CO 2 : 0.1 volume % or less) with a dew point of -2°C or less.
• the annealing temperature was in the range of 750-950°C.
• the diameter of the steel wire, the concentration of the tripotassium citrate aqueous solution, the annealing temperature and the annealing time were adjusted to adjust the content of O (oxygen) and K due to internal oxidation of the steel wire within a predetermined range. .
• the steel wire was pickled and then plated with Cu. Then, cold wire drawing was performed to obtain a welding wire having a diameter in the range of 0.9 to 1.6 mm. A lubricating oil was applied to the surface of this welding wire (application amount: range of 0.4 to 1.7 g per 10 kg of welding wire). Table 1 shows the chemical composition and Cu plating thickness of the obtained welding wire.
• a MAG welding test was performed using these welding wires to evaluate the amount of spatter and bead shape.
• the welding conditions in the welding test are as follows. Components of shielding gas: 80% by volume of Ar+20% by volume of CO 2 , flow rate of shielding gas: 20 L/min, Welding power source: inverter power source, welding current: 300 A, welding voltage: 32 V, welding polarity: positive polarity, welding speed: 30 cm/min.
• Welding power source inverter power source
• welding current 300 A
• welding voltage 32 V
• welding polarity positive polarity
• welding speed 30 cm/min.
• Amount of spatter generated Bead-on welding was performed on a steel plate having a thickness of 20 mm, and a Cu collection jig was used to collect spatter having a diameter of 0.5 mm or more, and the amount of generated spatter was investigated.
• the amount of spatter generation is good if it is 0.20 g/min or less per 100 g of welding amount ( ⁇ ), acceptable if it is over 0.20 g/min to 0.30 g/min or less ( ⁇ ), and is not good if it exceeds 0.30 g/min ( ⁇ ) evaluated as The welding time was 1 minute.
• the spatter generation amount was as small as 0.30 g/min or less, the spatter reduction effect was exhibited, and a bead with a good shape was obtained.
• the spatter reduction effect and the bead shape improvement effect appeared more remarkably.
• the comparative example in which the chemical composition was outside the scope of the present invention a large amount of spatter was generated (that is, over 0.30 g/min) and the bead shape was deteriorated.
• the gas volume unit “L” used herein means 10 ⁇ 3 m 3 at normal temperature and pressure.

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