WO2023145757A1 - 高油分水中油型油脂乳化組成物 - Google Patents
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D7/00—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines
- A23D7/005—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D7/00—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines
- A23D7/02—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines characterised by the production or working-up
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-oil-in-water oil-and-fat emulsion composition, and a solid-fat alternative oil-and-fat composition prepared from the oil-and-fat emulsion composition.
- Fats and oils have the function of enhancing the flavor and richness of foods, including beverages, and have traditionally been used in the production of foods. Moreover, in consideration of flavor and texture, it is often used as an emulsion, for example, a water-in-oil emulsion such as margarine or an oil-in-water emulsion such as mayonnaise, rather than the oil itself.
- oil-in-water emulsions are suitable for various applications such as mayonnaise, whipped cream, pickle liquid, etc., because they impart a rich taste and suppress the persistentness peculiar to oils and fats.
- oil-in-water emulsions are emulsified by dispersing oils and fats in the water phase, and if you try to increase the oil content, phase inversion and emulsification breakage are likely to occur. Therefore, it is generally difficult to make the emulsion contain more oil than the aqueous phase, that is, contain 50% or more of the oil. Therefore, a large amount of oil-in-water emulsion needs to be added in order to impart a richer taste, which causes problems such as an increase in cost and a limited degree of freedom in blending.
- Mayonnaise is known as a conventional technology for oil-in-water emulsions with high oil content, but phospholipids in egg yolk, which is an animal raw material, are essential.
- Patent Document 1 is a technique relating to a high oil content oil-in-water emulsion, but essentially requires a fermented cellulose complex and an emulsifier such as lysolecithin and polyglycerin fatty acid ester.
- Non-Patent Document 1 exemplifies a method of preparing an oil-in-water emulsion using protein as an emulsifying medium and drying the emulsion to increase the oil content to form an oleogel.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-oil-in-water oil emulsion composition.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a fat composition that can replace solid fat.
- the structural change of protein that occurs during the drying process causes the leakage of liquid oil, that is, the oil-off phenomenon. Therefore, another object of the present invention is to provide a high oil content oil-in-water emulsified composition having so-called heat resistance that causes little oil-off during drying treatment such as heating.
- the present inventors have found that by using a protein material having a specific molecular weight distribution and characteristics, the oil-in-water type oil emulsified composition with a high oil content, which causes less oil-off during drying.
- the inventors have found that a product can be obtained, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention (1) An oil-in-water oil-and-fat emulsion composition containing water, protein, and fat, wherein the amount of fat and oil is 50% by mass when the total amount of water, protein, and fat in the oil-and-fat emulsion composition is 100% by mass.
- a fat and oil emulsion composition characterized in that it is derived from: a) protein content in solid content is 70% by mass or more, b) an NSI of 80 or higher; c) The molecular weight distribution measurement results show that the area ratio of 2,000 Da or more and less than 20,000 Da is 30% or more and the area ratio of 20,000 Da or more is 70% or less; (2) The fat and oil emulsion composition of (1), wherein the vegetable protein material has an area ratio of 2,000 Da or more and less than 20,000 Da as measured by molecular weight distribution of 45 to 90%; (3) The oil/fat emulsion composition of (2), wherein the area ratio of less than 2,000 Da is 45% or less as a result of measurement of molecular weight distribution; (4) The fat and oil emulsion composition according to any one of (1) to (3), which has a compressive load of 4.0 N or more; (5) The fat and oil emulsion composition according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the amount of fat is 75% or more when the total amount of water
- an oil-in-water emulsion composition with a high oil content can be provided. More specifically, the present invention can provide an oil-in-water oil-and-fat emulsified composition with a high oil content that causes little oil-off during drying. In one example, the present invention can provide a fat-and-oil emulsion composition that does not use animal ingredients. In another example, the present invention can provide a fat-and-oil emulsion composition that does not use additives such as emulsifiers. Moreover, in another example, by using the oil-fat emulsified composition of the present invention, a solid-fat alternative oil-fat composition can be provided. Furthermore, in another example, it is possible to provide a solid fat substitute oil composition that does not use animal raw materials. Furthermore, in another example, it is possible to provide a solid-fat alternative oil-fat composition that does not use additives such as emulsifiers.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of Example 2.
- FIG. A to E Samples A to E, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a solid fat substitute oil composition prepared in Example 6.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of Example 2.
- FIG. A to E Samples A to E, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a solid fat substitute oil composition prepared in Example 6.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of Example 2.
- FIG. A to E Samples A to E, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a solid fat substitute oil composition prepared in Example 6.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing
- the high oil-in-water oil-in-water emulsion composition that is one aspect of the present invention is an oil-in-water oil-in-water emulsion composition containing water, protein, and fat, wherein the total amount of water, protein, and fat in the oil-and-fat emulsion composition
- the amount of fat is 50% by mass or more when the is 100% by mass, the compression load of the oil-fat emulsion composition measured at 25 ° C.
- the protein is 2.0 N or more, and 50% by mass or more of the protein is the following a) ⁇ It is characterized by being derived from a vegetable protein material having all the characteristics of c): a) protein content in solid content is 70% by mass or more, b) an NSI of 80 or higher; c) As a result of measurement of molecular weight distribution, the area ratio of 2,000 Da or more and less than 20,000 Da is 30% or more, and the area ratio of 20,000 Da or more is 70% or less.
- the present invention provides an oil-in-water emulsion composition containing water, protein, and fat.
- the amount of fat is 50% by mass or more, for example, 55% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 65% by mass, when the total amount of water, protein, and fat in the oil-fat emulsion composition of this embodiment is 100% by mass. % or more, 70 mass % or more, 75 mass % or more, 80 mass % or more, and 85 mass % or more.
- the upper limit of the fat content is not particularly limited, examples thereof include 99% by mass or less, 95% by mass or less, and 90% by mass or less. More specific examples of fat and oil content include 50 to 99% by mass, 60 to 95% by mass, 70 to 90% by mass, and the like.
- the amount of protein is not particularly limited.
- protein content examples include, for example, 1.2-50% by mass, 2-40% by mass, and 10-30% by mass.
- the compression load measured at 25° C. of the oil-and-fat emulsion composition of this embodiment is 2.0 N or more, for example, 2.5 N or more, 3.0 N or more, 3.5 N or more, 4.0 N or more, 4.5 N or more, 5.0 N or more, 10.0 N or more. Above, 20.0N or more, 30.0N or more, 40.0N or more are mentioned.
- the upper limit of the compressive load is not particularly limited, but for example, 99.0N or less, 90.0N or less, 85.0N or less, 80.0N or less, 75.0N or less, 70.0N Below, 60.0N or less and 50.0N or less are mentioned.
- compressive load examples include 2.0 to 99.0N, 5.0 to 75.0N, 20.0 to 60.0N, and the like. That is, the oil-and-fat emulsified composition of this embodiment has a certain degree of viscoelasticity, and has properties such as paste, mayonnaise, gel, semi-solid, and solid. A method of measuring the compressive load will be described later.
- the fat and oil emulsion composition of this aspect has heat resistance, and shows an oil-off rate of 40% or less, for example, 30% or less, 20% or less, or 10% or less in the oil-off evaluation test described later.
- oil-off rate include 0 to 40%, 1 to 30%, 2.5 to 20%, and the like.
- vegetable protein material refers to a food material containing vegetable protein as a main component and used as a raw material for various processed foods and beverages.
- vegetable protein material examples include beans such as soybeans, peas, mung beans, lupine beans, chickpeas, kidney beans, lentils and cowpeas, seeds such as sesame seeds, canola seeds, coconut seeds and almond seeds, and corn. , cereals such as buckwheat, wheat, and rice, vegetables, and fruits.
- the plant protein material is prepared from legume protein.
- the plant protein material is prepared from soy protein, pea protein, mung bean protein or fava bean protein.
- the vegetable protein material is prepared from soy protein or pea protein.
- soybean-derived protein material it is prepared by further concentrating protein from soybean raw materials such as defatted soybeans and whole soybeans. Various processed products are conceptually included.
- 50% by mass or more of the protein contained in the oil-fat emulsified composition of this aspect is vegetable protein, more preferably 55% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 65% by mass or more, and 70% by mass. 75% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, 85% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, 95% by weight or more, or 97% by weight or more, and most preferably 100% by weight is vegetable protein.
- it contains no animal protein, such as milk protein. This enhances the substitution effect of vegetable protein from animal protein. In certain embodiments, it is preferred that at least no milk protein is included.
- 50% by mass or more of the protein contained in the fat and oil emulsion composition of this aspect is the vegetable protein material described below, more preferably 55% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 65 wt% or more, 70 wt% or more, 75 wt% or more, 80 wt% or more, 85 wt% or more, 90 wt% or more, 95 wt% or more, or 97 wt% or more, most preferably 100 wt% % by mass is vegetable protein material.
- the vegetable protein material used in the fat-and-oil emulsion composition of this embodiment has the following properties.
- the vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this embodiment has a protein content of 70% by mass or more, for example, 80% by mass or more, 85% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more in the solid content. .
- isolated protein is preferable.
- the specific vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this embodiment has an NSI (Nitrogen Solubility Index) of 80 or higher, which is used as an index of protein solubility. More preferably, those having an NSI of 85 or higher, 90 or higher, 95 or higher, or 97 or higher can be used.
- NSI Nonrogen Solubility Index
- a material that has not been subjected to a treatment that makes the protein insolubilized such as an enzymatic decomposition treatment or a mineral addition treatment, or even if it has been, to a small extent. preferable.
- a high NSI of the vegetable protein material indicates high dispersibility in water, which can contribute to the dispersion stability of the oil/fat emulsified composition of this embodiment. If the NSI is too low, precipitation tends to occur, which is not preferred.
- the NSI is expressed as the ratio (% by mass) of water-soluble nitrogen (crude protein) to the total nitrogen content based on the method described later, and in the present invention, it is a value measured according to the method described later.
- the area ratio of the molecular weight distribution is 30% or more and 20,000 Da or more and less than 20,000 Da. Da or more is 70% or less. In a specific embodiment, 35% or more is 2,000 Da or more and less than 20,000 Da, and 65% or more is 20,000 Da or more.
- the area ratio of the molecular weight distribution of 2,000 Da or more and less than 10,000 Da is 10 to 40%, for example, 10 to 35%, 15 ⁇ 35%, 10-30%, 20-30%, and 10,000 Da or more is 50-80%, such as 55-75%, 60-75%, 60-70%, 65-75%.
- the area percentage of less than 2,000 Da is 15% or less, such as 13% or less, 9% or less, 8% or less, 7% or less, and the lower limit is, for example, 0% or more, 1% or more, 1.5%. % or more, 2% or more, 3% or more.
- area ratios of less than 2,000 Da include 0 to 15%, 1 to 13%, and 2 to 8%.
- the area ratio of the molecular weight distribution is 45 to 90%, for example, 50 to 85%, from 2,000 Da to less than 20,000 Da. 55-80%, 55-75%, 60-70%.
- the area ratio of less than 2,000 Da is 45% or less, such as 40% or less, 35% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, and the lower limit is, for example, 0% or more, 1% or more, 2% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more.
- area ratios of less than 2,000 Da include 0 to 45%, 5 to 35%, 10 to 25%, and the like.
- the area percentage of 10,000 Da or more is less than 50%, such as 5-45%, 10-40%, 15-35%.
- the area percentage of 20,000 Da or more is less than 55%, such as 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less, and the lower limit is such as 0% or more, 1% or more, 2% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more.
- More specific examples of the area ratio of 20,000 Da or more include 0 to 50%, 5 to 30%, 10 to 20%, and the like.
- the molecular weight distribution of the vegetable protein material is in such a range indicates that moderately low-molecular-weight peptides are the main component, while highly degraded low-molecular-weight peptides are scarce. ing.
- the measurement of molecular weight distribution shall be based on the method mentioned later.
- the vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this embodiment satisfies the above a) to c). Although not particularly limited, the characteristics that the vegetable protein material may have in more specific embodiments will be described below.
- the vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this aspect does not exhibit gelability when this solution is heated at a high concentration.
- the presence or absence of gelation is to be confirmed by the method described in more detail below. For example, when a 22% by mass solution is heated at 80° C. for 30 minutes, the solution does not gel.
- Viscosity of the aqueous solution of the vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this aspect is measured under certain conditions, the viscosity may be low. Viscosity of 10% by mass aqueous solution at 60°C is 50mPa s or less, e.g. The following can be Also, the lower limit of the viscosity is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include 0.1 mPa ⁇ s or more, 0.5 mPa ⁇ s or more, and 1 mPa ⁇ s or more. More specific examples of viscosity include 0.1 to 50 mPa ⁇ s, 0.5 to 30 mPa ⁇ s, and 1 to 10 mPa ⁇ s. In addition, the viscosity is measured by the method described later.
- the vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this aspect does not become cloudy even when guanidine hydrochloride is added to the aqueous solution. This is an indicator that the protein is sufficiently denatured. For example, the addition of guanidine hydrochloride to an undenatured protein such as soy protein isolate or sodium caseinate produces cloudiness.
- the addition of guanidine hydrochloride to prevent clouding means that an aqueous solution with a crude protein concentration of 0.1% and a 250 mM guanidine hydrochloride does not have clouding visually, or the OD660nm of the aqueous solution is less than 0.3, for example, 0.2 or less, 0.1 or less, It can be confirmed by being 0.
- the vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this aspect becomes cloudy when ammonium sulfate is added to the aqueous solution. This is an index indicating that the protein has a certain degree of polymerization and is not an excessively degraded peptide such as dipeptide or tripeptide.
- adding ammonium sulfate to make it cloudy means visually observing cloudiness in an aqueous solution of 2M ammonium sulfate with a crude protein concentration of 0.1%, or the OD660nm of the aqueous solution is 0.3 or more, for example, 0.4 or more, 0.5 or more.
- the procedures for adding guanidine hydrochloride and ammonium sulfate are based on the method described later.
- the solubility in water at room temperature of the vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this aspect may be 20% by mass or more, for example 25% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the solubility is not particularly limited, examples thereof include 55% by mass or less, 50% by mass or less, 45% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, and 35% by mass or less. More specific examples of solubility include 20 to 55% by mass, 25 to 40% by mass, and the like.
- the pH of the aqueous solution may have a pH of 3.0 to 8.0, for example 4.5 to 6.5, 5.0 to 6.0.
- “Decomposition/denaturation/molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment” for vegetable protein materials The vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsion composition of this embodiment is applied in combination with "degradation/denaturation treatment” for degrading and/or denaturing the protein and "molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment” for adjusting the molecular weight distribution of the protein.
- “decomposition/denaturation treatment” include enzyme treatment, pH adjustment treatment (e.g., acid treatment, alkali treatment), denaturant treatment, heat treatment, cooling treatment, high pressure treatment, organic solvent treatment, mineral addition treatment, supercritical treatment, sonication, electrolysis, combinations thereof, and the like.
- Examples of the “molecular weight distribution adjusting treatment” include filtration, gel filtration, chromatography, centrifugation, electrophoresis, dialysis, and combinations thereof.
- the order and number of times of the “decomposition/denaturation treatment” and “molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment” are not particularly limited, and the “decomposition/denaturation treatment” may be followed by the “molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment”, or the “molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment” may be performed. Treatment” may be followed by "decomposition/denaturation treatment", or both treatments may be performed at the same time.
- “degradation/denaturation treatment” is performed between two or more “molecular weight distribution adjustment treatments”
- “molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment” is performed between two or more “degradation/denaturation treatments”, each multiple times. , etc.
- the desired molecular weight distribution can be obtained by the "decomposition/denaturation treatment”
- the “molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment” may not be performed.
- all the treatments starting from the raw material may be carried out continuously, or may be carried out after an interval of time.
- a commercial product that has undergone a certain treatment may be used as a raw material and subjected to another treatment.
- a specific vegetable protein material may be obtained by mixing a vegetable protein material that has undergone molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment and a protein that has not undergone molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment.
- the ratio of the two protein material that has undergone treatment: protein that has not undergone treatment
- the mass ratio is, for example, 1:99 to 99:1, for example, 50:50 to 95:5, 75:25-90:10 and the like.
- the vegetable protein material used in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this aspect consists of a vegetable protein material that has undergone "decomposition/denaturation/molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment".
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately set the processing conditions for protein decomposition or denaturation, such as the types and concentrations of enzymes, pH, organic solvents, minerals, etc., temperature, pressure, output intensity, current, time, etc.
- enzymes examples include proteases classified into “metalloproteases,” “acid proteases,” “thiol proteases,” and “serine proteases.”
- the reaction temperature is 20 to 80°C, preferably 40 to 60°C.
- any of pH 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5, 12 can be treated in a pH range with upper and lower limits, eg, pH 2-12.
- acid treatment it may be a method of adding acid or a method of carrying out fermentation treatment such as lactic acid fermentation.
- acids to be added include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid; Organic acids are mentioned.
- acid may be added using acid-containing foods and drinks such as fruit juice such as lemon, concentrated fruit juice, fermented milk, yogurt, and brewed vinegar.
- alkali treatment an alkali such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide can be added.
- denaturant treatment denaturants such as guanidine hydrochloride, urea, arginine, PEG, etc. may be added.
- heating or cooling treatment examples of heating temperatures are 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 125°C, 130°C, 135°C, 140°C, 145°C, and 150°C. °C, the upper limit and the lower limit of which are, for example, 60°C to 150°C.
- cooling temperatures are -10°C, -15°C, -20°C, -25°C, -30°C, -35°C, -40°C, -45°C, -50°C, -55°C, -60°C, Ranges with upper and lower limits of -65°C, -70°C, and -75°C, such as -10°C to -75°C.
- heating or cooling times are 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 60 minutes, 70 minutes, 80 minutes, 90 minutes, Ranges with upper and lower limits of 100 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, and 200 minutes, such as 5 seconds to 200 minutes.
- examples of pressure conditions are 100 MPa, 200 MPa, 300 MPa, 400 MPa, 500 MPa, 600 MPa, 700 MPa, 800 MPa, 900 MPa, and 1,000 MPa. mentioned.
- examples of solvents used include alcohols and ketones such as ethanol and acetone.
- examples of minerals used include divalent metal ions such as calcium and magnesium.
- supercritical treatment for example, carbon dioxide in a supercritical state at a temperature of about 30° C. or higher and about 7 MPa or higher can be used.
- treatment can be performed by irradiating with a frequency of 100 KHz to 2 MHz and an output of 100 to 1,000 W.
- electrolysis treatment for example, a protein aqueous solution can be treated by applying a voltage of 100 mV to 1,000 mV.
- the treatment that degrades and/or denatures proteins is selected from denaturant treatment, heat treatment, and combinations thereof.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately set the processing conditions for adjusting the molecular weight distribution of proteins, such as the type of filter medium, gel filtration carrier, centrifugation speed, current, and time.
- filter media include filter paper, filter cloth, diatomaceous earth, ceramics, glass, membranes, and the like.
- carriers for gel filtration include dextran and agarose.
- centrifugation conditions include 1,000-3,000 ⁇ g for 5-20 minutes.
- the oil contained in the oil-fat emulsified composition of this embodiment is not particularly limited, and may be used regardless of whether it is vegetable or animal.
- vegetable oils include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, olive oil, sesame oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, etc.
- animal fats and oils such as vegetable fats, beef tallow, milk fats, fish oils and lard, processed fats obtained by subjecting these to fractionation, hydrogenation, transesterification, etc., and mixtures thereof.
- the oil contained in the oil-fat emulsified composition of this aspect is liquid or semi-solid at room temperature, preferably at 25° C., for example, liquid.
- the proportion of animal fat in the fat is 20% or less, such as 10% or less, 5% or less, 3% or less, 1% or less, 0.5% or less, such as 0-20%, 0.5% or less. ⁇ 10% and so on.
- the fat content is determined by the fat content in the fat emulsion composition.
- the content of fats and oils is calculated including the amount of fats and oils in the protein material.
- fats and oils content is measured by an acidolysis method.
- the oil-and-fat emulsified composition of this embodiment may or may not contain carbohydrates.
- Specific examples of carbohydrates that can be contained in the oil/fat emulsified composition of this embodiment include starch-containing carbohydrates and dietary fibers. More specifically, carbohydrates include fructose, glucose, sugar, maltose, lactose, trehalose, starch syrup, coupling sugar, honey, isomerized sugar, invert sugar, oligosaccharides (isomaltooligosaccharide, reduced xylooligosaccharide, reduced gentiooligosaccharide , xylooligosaccharides, gentiooligosaccharides, nigerooligosaccharides, theandeoligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, etc.), sugar alcohols (maltitol, erythritol, sorbitol, palatinit, xylitol, lactitol, reduced
- the oil-and-fat emulsion composition of this embodiment may or may not contain an emulsifier.
- emulsifiers include glycerin fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, organic acid monoglycerides, polysorbate, and lecithin. These emulsifiers may be used alone or in combination.
- the blending amount of the emulsifier in the oil-and-fat emulsion composition of this aspect can be appropriately adjusted according to various embodiments such as the oil-and-fat emulsion composition and the food to which the oil-and-fat emulsion composition is added. Examples of blending amounts include 0.0 to 2.5% by mass and 0.3 to 2% by mass.
- the oil-and-fat emulsified composition of this embodiment may or may not contain polyvalent metal ions.
- polyvalent metal ions such as calcium and magnesium
- other polyvalent metal ions include iron, zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, and the like.
- a highly soluble salt form such as calcium chloride is preferred.
- the present invention can provide an oil-and-fat emulsion composition with high mineral resistance. It is also characterized by being resistant to aggregation during heat treatment in the manufacturing process of food to which the oil-and-fat emulsion composition is added.
- salts may or may not be contained in the oil-and-fat emulsified composition of this embodiment.
- examples of salts include organic acid salts such as sodium citrate, phosphates such as dibasic sodium phosphate, dibasic potassium phosphate, sodium polyphosphate, and sodium bicarbonate. More specifically, when salts are used, they are preferably contained in an amount of 0.05 to 3.0% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass, in the oil/fat emulsified composition.
- the oil-and-fat emulsified composition of this embodiment contains dairy products such as milk, butter, and cheese, processed dairy products, fruit juice, cacao mass, and cocoa powder for the purpose of adjusting flavor, color, or texture and improving storage stability. , flavors, coloring agents, sweeteners, pH adjusters, preservatives, etc. may or may not be added as necessary.
- the oil-fat emulsified composition of this embodiment can be prepared using the specific vegetable protein material described above.
- the oil/fat emulsion composition can be prepared using a vegetable protein material that has undergone "decomposition/denaturation/molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment".
- the above specific vegetable protein material can be easily obtained by purchasing from a protein material manufacturer such as Fuji Oil Co., Ltd., or by requesting the manufacturer to manufacture it.
- soy protein materials such as "Fujipro E”, “Fujipro CL”, “Fujipro AL”, “New Fujipro 4500”, “Prolina RD-1”, “Prolina 900”, and “Prolina HD101R” , none of which fall under the protein material that satisfies all the characteristics of the above a) to c).
- the vegetable protein material may be added to the aqueous phase, the oil phase, or both the aqueous phase and the oil phase when preparing the oil-and-fat emulsified composition.
- the oil/fat emulsified composition of this aspect can also be prepared by subjecting the protein raw material to, for example, the following "decomposition/denaturation/molecular weight distribution adjustment treatment" during preparation of the aqueous phase portion or the oil phase portion.
- the oil/fat emulsified composition of this aspect can be considered to contain the vegetable protein material that satisfies the above characteristics.
- the aqueous phase can be prepared by preparing an aqueous solution of the above-mentioned specific vegetable protein material. Other raw materials may or may not be added to the aqueous solution as required.
- the concentration of the vegetable protein material in the aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 1-40%, 2-35%, 3-30%, 4-20%, 5-15%, and 6-10%.
- the aqueous phase portion may be prepared without using the specific vegetable protein material.
- the pH of the aqueous phase portion is not particularly limited, and pH adjustment may not be performed, or may be adjusted by adding an acid or an alkali. Examples of the pH of the aqueous phase include 3-10, 4-6.5, and 7-9.
- the temperature for preparing the aqueous phase is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, room temperature.
- a hydrophilic emulsifier or carbohydrate whose solubility is improved by heating it can be prepared by dissolving or dispersing at a temperature range of 20 to 70°C, preferably 55 to 65°C.
- Raw materials to be added to the aqueous phase can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art. For example, when adding salts, water-soluble fragrances, etc., they are added to the aqueous phase.
- the oil phase portion may be prepared only with fats and oils, or may be prepared by mixing oil-soluble materials with fats and dissolving or dispersing them at a temperature range of, for example, 50 to 80°C, preferably 55 to 70°C. may Furthermore, the specific vegetable protein material may be dispersed in the oil phase.
- Raw materials to be added to the oil phase can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art. For example, when using a lipophilic emulsifier, a lipophilic perfume, etc., they may be added to part or all of the raw material fat.
- the obtained oil phase and water phase are heated to, for example, 40 to 80° C., preferably 55 to 70° C., and mixed for preliminary emulsification.
- Preliminary emulsification can be performed using a rotary stirrer such as a homomixer.
- homogenize with a homogenizer.
- all raw materials may be mixed without pre-emulsification and homogenized by a homogenizer.
- pre-emulsification and/or homogenization may be performed multiple times.
- all or part of the aqueous phase and part of the oil phase may be pre-emulsified by mixing, and the remaining ingredients may be added and homogenized.
- All or part may be mixed to pre-emulsify, the remaining ingredients may be added and homogenized, and these steps may be repeated.
- homogenizing equipment include homomixers; high-pressure homogenizers; colloid mills; ultrasonic emulsifiers; and rotor-stator type in-line mixers.
- the pressure can be 10-100 MPa, preferably 30-100 MPa.
- the obtained fat and oil emulsion composition may or may not be heat sterilized as necessary.
- heat sterilization for example, the product is treated by UHT sterilization using an indirect heating method or a direct heating method, and if necessary, homogenized again with a high pressure homogenizer and cooled to 2 to 15°C.
- the fat-and-oil emulsion composition has heat resistance and can be retort-sterilized.
- the temperature for heat sterilization is not particularly limited, but examples include 110-150°C and 120-140°C.
- the time for heat sterilization is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, 1 second to 60 minutes, 3 seconds to 40 minutes, 5 seconds to 30 minutes, 2 to 7 seconds, 1 to 25 minutes, and 5 to 20 minutes.
- the oil-and-fat emulsified composition of this aspect can be directly used as an oil-in-water emulsified food such as cream, filling, and mayonnaise-like food.
- the fat-and-oil emulsion composition of this aspect can be used as a food ingredient. More specific examples include adding it as a seasoning to enhance richness, adding it as a texture modifier to improve mouthfeel, and the like.
- the fat-and-oil emulsion composition of this aspect is an emulsified food in which the whole food takes an oil-in-water emulsion form, such as ice cream, ice milk, lacto ice, cream, filling, fat-containing liquid emulsified beverage, It can be used as an ingredient for mayonnaise-like foods.
- Solid fat alternative oil composition provides a solid-fat alternative oil-fat composition obtained by drying the oil-fat emulsified composition of the above aspect.
- this composition has the physical properties of an oily gel called "oleogel”, “organogel”, “oil gel”, “fat gel” or “lipogel”.
- the solid fat substitute oil composition of this aspect is obtained by drying the oil emulsion composition of the above aspect.
- the drying method may be a known method such as heat drying, ventilation drying, freeze drying and the like.
- the drying temperature is not particularly limited, it is preferably 100°C or less, such as 40 to 90°C, 45 to 80°C, 50 to 70°C, and 55 to 65°C.
- the drying time is not particularly limited, but includes 1 hour to 72 hours, 5 hours to 48 hours, and 10 hours to 24 hours. For example, by injecting the fat composition of the above aspect into a mold and drying it, it is possible to obtain a solid fat substitute fat composition in a desired shape.
- the solid fat replacement fat composition contains less than 10% by weight, such as less than 5% by weight, 1-9% by weight, 2-8% by weight, 3-7% by weight, 1-4% by weight of water and 90% by weight. More than 95% by weight, 91-99% by weight, 92-98% by weight, 93-97% by weight, 94-96% by weight of oils and fats.
- the solid fat substitute oil composition of this aspect exhibits a solid like beef tallow or pork tallow. Moreover, in one embodiment, the solid fat substitute oil composition of this aspect can be browned by heating with a frying pan or the like. Further, in another embodiment, the solid fat substitute oil composition of this aspect can cause the fat inside to seep out by applying pressure such as chewing.
- the solid fat substitute oil composition of this aspect can be used as a fat substitute for meat such as beef, pork, and fish meat. Moreover, in one embodiment, the solid fat substitute oil composition of this aspect can improve texture and flavor by being mixed with meat raw materials or the like.
- the invention may also provide the following aspects: (1) An oil-in-water oil-and-fat emulsion composition containing water, protein, and fat, wherein the amount of fat and oil is 50% by mass when the total amount of water, protein, and fat in the oil-and-fat emulsion composition is 100% by mass.
- a fat and oil emulsion composition characterized in that it is derived from: a) protein content in solid content is 70% by mass or more, b) an NSI of 80 or higher; c) The molecular weight distribution measurement results show that the area ratio of 2,000 Da or more and less than 20,000 Da is 30% or more and the area ratio of 20,000 Da or more is 70% or less; (2) The fat and oil emulsion composition of (1), wherein the vegetable protein material has an area ratio of 2,000 Da or more and less than 20,000 Da as measured by molecular weight distribution of 45 to 90%; (3) The oil/fat emulsion composition of (2), wherein the area ratio of less than 2,000 Da is 45% or less as a result of measurement of molecular weight distribution; (4) The fat and oil emulsion composition according to any one of (1) to (3), which has a compressive load of 4.0 N or more; (5) The oil-fat emulsion composition according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the amount of fat is 75% or more when the total amount of
- ⁇ Oil off> A cylindrical ring with an inner diameter of 17 mm and a height of 7 mm is placed in the center of filter paper (ADVANTEC No. 1, manufactured by Toyo Roshi Kaisha, Ltd.) whose weight has been measured in advance. , After heating for 48 hours, the weight of the filter paper from which the ring and the sample remaining in the ring have been removed is measured, and the previously measured weight of the filter paper is subtracted to obtain the oil-off weight. The percentage of the oil-off weight to the oil-and-fat weight of the sample (the oil-and-fat content of the sample before heat drying) is defined as the oil-off rate.
- ⁇ Emulsion stability evaluation (centrifugation resistance)> Place 1.8 g of the sample in an Eppendorf tube, centrifuge at 20,630 xg for 20 minutes, and visually observe whether emulsification is maintained and whether water or oil is separated. When there is no separation of water or oil, it is evaluated as ⁇ , when a little separation of water or oil is observed, it is evaluated as ⁇ , and when demulsification is observed, it is evaluated as ⁇ .
- ⁇ Emulsion stability evaluation heat resistance> 1.8 g of the sample is placed in an Eppendorf tube, heated in an autoclave at 120° C. for 10 minutes, and then subjected to the same operation and evaluation as the above ⁇ Emulsion stability evaluation (centrifugal resistance)>.
- the nitrogen conversion factor is 6.25. Basically, it is obtained by rounding off the second decimal place.
- the protein material is adjusted to a concentration of 0.1% by mass with an eluent, and filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m filter to obtain a sample solution.
- a gel filtration system is assembled by connecting two columns in series, and a known protein or the like (Table 1) serving as a molecular weight marker is first charged, and a calibration curve is obtained from the relationship between molecular weight and retention time.
- the sample solution is charged, and the content ratio % of each molecular weight fraction is determined by the ratio of the area of the specific molecular weight range (time range) to the total absorbance chart area (1st column: “TSK gel G3000SW XL " (SIGMA-ALDRICH), 2nd column: “TSK gel G2000SW XL “ (SIGMA-ALDRICH), eluent: 1% SDS + 1.17% NaCl + 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 23°C, flow rate: 0.4 ml/ min, detection: UV220nm). Basically, it is obtained by rounding off the second decimal place.
- guanidine hydrochloride Prepare an aqueous solution of protein material with a crude protein concentration of 0.2%. If cloudiness occurs during the preparation of an aqueous solution, centrifuge after preparing an aqueous solution of about 1 to 10%, collect the supernatant, dilute to a crude protein concentration of 0.2%, and use it as a sample solution. An equal volume of guanidine hydrochloride solution is added to this to prepare a solution with a crude protein concentration of 0.1% and a guanidine hydrochloride concentration of 250 mM, and allowed to stand overnight in a refrigerator. Check visually for cloudiness. In addition, turbidity is measured at a wavelength of 660 nm using a 10 mm glass cell.
- ⁇ Ammonium sulfate addition> Prepare an aqueous solution of protein material with a crude protein concentration of 0.2%. If cloudiness occurs during the preparation of an aqueous solution, centrifuge after preparing an aqueous solution of about 1 to 10%, collect the supernatant, dilute to a crude protein concentration of 0.2%, and use it as a sample solution. An equal amount of ammonium sulfate solution is added to this to prepare a solution with a crude protein concentration of 0.1% and an ammonium sulfate concentration of 2M, and allowed to stand overnight in a refrigerator. Check visually for cloudiness. In addition, turbidity is measured at a wavelength of 660 nm using a 10 mm glass cell.
- ⁇ Viscosity> For the viscosity of the protein material, prepare an aqueous solution of the protein material so that the protein content is 10% by mass, and measure at 60 ° C with a Brookfield viscometer (preferably Brookfield) using the rotor "#LV-1". and is obtained as the measured value shown after 1 minute at 100 rpm. If it is impossible to measure with "#LV-1", replace the rotor with "#LV-2", “#LV-3", “#LV-4", and "#LV-5".
- Example 1 Preparation of vegetable protein material The following vegetable protein material was obtained and prepared. All of these vegetable protein materials had a protein content of 80% by mass or more. Detailed analytical values are shown in Table 2.
- Sample A Decomposition/denaturation/molecular weight distribution adjusted product of isolated soy protein (Fuji Oil Co., Ltd. test product, Raw material isolated soy protein: Fujipro F (Fuji Oil Co., Ltd. commercial product)
- Sample B Decomposed/denatured/molecular weight distribution adjusted product of isolated pea protein (Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.
- test product raw material isolated pea protein: Empro86HV, Emsland commercial product
- Sample C Decomposed/denatured product of isolated soy protein (Fuji Oil Co., Ltd. test product)
- Sample D Isolated soy protein (Fujipro F, commercially available from Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.)
- Sample E Soybean peptide (HiNute DH, commercially available from Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.)
- sample A was dissolved in distilled water to prepare a 10% by mass aqueous solution of pH 7 (pH 5.3).
- the viscosity of this aqueous solution at room temperature was 3.1 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of a 10% by mass aqueous solution (pH 6.3) of Sample C at room temperature was 11 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 2 Preparation of oil-in-water oil-fat emulsion composition and evaluation of heat resistance
- Oil-in-water oil-fat emulsion compositions were prepared using the above samples A to E.
- An aqueous phase was prepared by adding 18 parts by weight of water to 2 parts by weight of each sample.
- An oil phase was prepared by mixing 79.36 parts of high oleic sunflower oil (Hiol 75B, manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.) and 0.64 parts of beta-carotene (manufactured by San-Eigen FFI Co., Ltd.). Add the water phase to a cutter blade mixer (Robo Coop R-3D, FMI Co., Ltd.) and stir for 10 seconds, then gradually add the oil phase while stirring and stir for 2 minutes.
- An oil-in-water type fat emulsion composition was prepared.
- the prepared oil-in-water oil-fat emulsion composition was evaluated according to the test described in ⁇ Oil-off> above. The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG
- Samples A and B showed extremely good heat resistance, and sample C showed good heat resistance. Samples D and E did not exhibit heat resistance.
- Example 3 Evaluation of emulsification stability of oil-in-water oil-fat emulsified composition
- Oil-in-water oil-fat emulsified compositions were prepared using the above samples A, C, D, and E.
- a 10% aqueous solution of each sample was prepared, added to a cutter blade mixer (Robo Coupe R-3D, FMI Co., Ltd.), and stirred while high oleic sunflower oil (Hiol 75B, manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.) ) was gradually added to prepare an oil emulsion composition having an oil content of 70% or 80%.
- Each oil/fat emulsion composition was evaluated according to the tests described in ⁇ Emulsion stability evaluation (centrifugal resistance)> and ⁇ Emulsion stability evaluation (heat resistance)> above.
- Table 4 shows the results.
- Example 4 Examination of vegetable protein material aqueous solution concentration and maximum oil content For each of sample A, sample C, and sample D, aqueous solutions of various concentrations were prepared, and the maximum oil content capable of preparing a fat emulsion composition was determined for each of the prepared aqueous solutions. Examined. Specifically, for each sample, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 25, 35% aqueous solutions were prepared and added to a cutter blade mixer (Robo Coupe R-3D, FMI Co., Ltd.). Then, while stirring, high oleic sunflower oil (Hiol 75B, manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.) was gradually added with an oil content of 80% as the target lower limit, and the maximum oil content capable of forming an emulsion was investigated. Sample A was 40%, sample C was 25%, and sample D was 15%. Table 5 shows the results.
- sample A and sample C were able to prepare a fat and oil emulsion composition in a wider aqueous solution concentration range.
- Example 5 Measurement of Compressive Load
- the oil-fat emulsified composition prepared with the maximum oil content obtained in Example 4 was subjected to the test described in ⁇ Compressive load> above. Table 6 shows the results.
- sample A and sample C were able to prepare oil-and-fat emulsified compositions having a wider range of compressive load.
- Sample A was able to produce an oil-and-fat emulsion composition having a higher compressive load.
- Example 6 Preparation of solid fat substitute oil composition Using 20% by mass aqueous solutions of samples A and B, the oil emulsion composition prepared to have an oil content of 85% by mass by the method of Example 4 was put into a mold and placed in an oven. and dried at 60°C for 48 hours to prepare a solid fat substitute oil composition (Fig. 2). Table 7 shows the solid content concentration before drying. The obtained oil-fat composition substituting for solid fat was solid, and no oil separation was observed. When I pressed it strongly with my finger, some oil and fat oozed out from the pressed part. When it was heated in a frying pan, it was browned and had a property like grilled meat fat (Fig. 3).
- Example 7 Preparation of specially shaped solid fat substitute fat composition
- the clay-like fat emulsion composition prepared from Sample A of Example 6 was formed by hand and heated under the same conditions. It was possible to obtain a solid body that maintained its shape before drying (Fig. 4).
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、令和4年1月26日に日本国特許庁に出願された出願番号2022-009934号の優先権の利益を主張する。優先権基礎出願はその全体について、出典明示により本明細書の一部とする。
(1)水、タンパク質、油脂を含む水中油型油脂乳化組成物であって、油脂乳化組成物中の水、タンパク質、及び油脂の総量を100質量%としたときの油脂の量が50質量%以上であり、25℃で測定した油脂乳化組成物の圧縮荷重が2.0N以上であり、該タンパク質に係るタンパク質素材中50質量%以上が下記a)~c)の全特徴を有する植物性タンパク質素材由来であること、を特徴とする、油脂乳化組成物:
a)固形分中のタンパク質含量が70質量%以上、
b)NSIが80以上、
c)分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満の面積比率が30%以上、かつ20,000Da以上の面積比率が70%以下;
(2)植物性タンパク質素材が、分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満の面積比率が45~90%である、(1)の油脂乳化組成物;
(3)分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da未満の面積比率が45%以下である、(2)の油脂乳化組成物;
(4)圧縮荷重が4.0N以上である、(1)~(3)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物;
(5)油脂乳化組成物中の水、タンパク質、及び油脂の総量を100質量%としたときの油脂の量が75%以上である、(1)~(3)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物;
(6)植物性タンパク質素材が豆類由来である、(1)~(3)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物;
(7)動物性タンパク質を含まない、(1)~(3)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物;
(8)圧縮荷重が4.0N以上であり、油脂乳化組成物中の水、タンパク質、及び油脂の総量を100質量%としたときの油脂の量が75%以上であり、植物性タンパク質素材が豆類由来であり、動物性タンパク質を含まない、(1)~(3)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物;
(9)(1)~(3)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物;
(10)(4)の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物;
(11)(5)の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物;
(12)(6)の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物;
(13)(7)の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物;
(14)(8)の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物、
に関する。
a)固形分中のタンパク質含量が70質量%以上、
b)NSIが80以上、
c)分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満の面積比率が30%以上、かつ20,000Da以上の面積比率が70%以下。
本発明は一態様において、水、タンパク質、油脂を含む水中油型油脂乳化組成物を提供する。
本明細書において「植物性タンパク質素材」の概念は、植物性タンパク質を主成分とし、各種加工食品や飲料に原料として使用されている食品素材である。該植物性タンパク質素材の由来の例として、大豆、エンドウ、緑豆、ルピン豆、ヒヨコ豆、インゲン豆、ヒラ豆、ササゲ等の豆類、ゴマ、キャノーラ種子、ココナッツ種子、アーモンド種子等の種子類、とうもろこし、そば、麦、米などの穀物類、野菜類、果物類などが挙げられる。より具体的な実施形態では、該植物性タンパク質素材は、豆類のタンパク質から調製される。さらに具体的な実施形態では、該植物性タンパク質素材は大豆タンパク質、エンドウ豆タンパク質、緑豆タンパク質又は空豆タンパク質から調製される。さらにより具体的な実施形態では、該植物性タンパク質素材は大豆タンパク質又はエンドウ豆タンパク質から調製される。一例として大豆由来のタンパク質素材の場合、脱脂大豆や丸大豆等の大豆原料からさらにタンパク質を濃縮加工して調製されるものであり、一般には分離大豆タンパク質、濃縮大豆タンパク質や粉末豆乳、あるいはそれらを種々加工したものなどが概念的に包含される。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材は固形分中のタンパク質含量が70質量%以上、例えば、80質量%以上、85質量%以上、又は90質量%以上である。上記範囲に含まれる植物性タンパク質素材の原料としては、分離タンパク質が好ましく、例えば大豆由来のタンパク質素材から調製する場合、分離大豆タンパク質などが挙げられる。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる特定の植物性タンパク質素材は、タンパク質の溶解性の指標として用いられているNSI(Nitrogen Solubility Index:窒素溶解指数)が80以上のものである。より好ましくはNSIが85以上、90以上、95以上、又は97以上のものを用いることができる。例えば、NSIが高い植物性タンパク質素材として、タンパク質が不溶化される処理、例えば酵素分解処理やミネラルの添加処理等、がされていないもの、あるいはされていたとしてもわずかであるもの、を用いることが好ましい。
植物性タンパク質素材のNSIが高いことは、水への分散性が高いことを示し、本態様の油脂乳化組成物の分散安定性に寄与し得る。NSIが低すぎると沈殿が生じやすくなり、好ましくない。
なお、NSIは後述する方法に基づき、全窒素量に占める水溶性窒素(粗タンパク)の比率(質量%)で表すものとし、本発明においては後述の方法に準じて測定された値とする。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材は、ゲルろ過によって分子量を測定した場合に、その分子量分布の面積比率は、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満が30%以上、20,000Da以上が70%以下である。具体的な実施形態では、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満が35%以上、20,000Da以上が65%以下である。
ある特定の実施形態では、植物性タンパク質素材は、ゲルろ過によって分子量を測定した場合に、その分子量分布の面積比率は、2,000Da以上10,000Da未満が10~40%、例えば10~35%、15~35%、10~30%、20~30%であり、10,000Da以上が50~80%、例えば55~75%、60~75%、60~70%、65~75%である。さらに具体的な実施形態では、2,000Da未満の面積比率は15%以下、例えば13%以下、9%以下、8%以下、7%以下であり、下限は例えば0%以上、1%以上、1.5%以上、2%以上、3%以上である。より具体的な2,000Da未満の面積比率の例として、例えば0~15%、1~13%、2~8%等が挙げられる。
他の特定の実施形態では植物性タンパク質素材は、ゲルろ過によって分子量を測定した場合に、その分子量分布の面積比率は、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満が45~90%、例えば、50~85%、55~80%、55~75%、60~70%である。さらに具体的な実施形態では、2,000Da未満の面積比率は45%以下、例えば、40%以下、35%以下、30%以下、25%以下であり、下限は例えば0%以上、1%以上、2%以上、5%以上、10%以上、15%以上である。より具体的な2,000Da未満の面積比率の例として、例えば0~45%、5~35%、10~25%等が挙げられる。また、さらにより具体的な実施形態では、10,000Da以上の面積比率は50%未満、例えば、5~45%、10~40%、15~35%である。さらにより具体的な実施形態において、20,000Da以上の面積比率は55%未満、例えば50%以下、40%以下、30%以下、25%以下、20%以下、15%以下であり、下限は例えば0%以上、1%以上、2%以上、5%以上、10%以上である。より具体的な20,000Da以上の面積比率の例として、例えば0~50%、5~30%、10~20%等が挙げられる。
ある特定の実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材は、この溶液を高濃度で加熱したときにゲル化性を示さない。ゲル化性の有無は、より詳細には後述する方法により確認するものとするが、例えば、22質量%溶液を80℃で30分間加熱したときに、該溶液がゲル化しない。
ある特定の実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材の水溶液の粘度を一定条件で測定したときに、低粘度であり得、具体的にはタンパク質含量が10質量%の水溶液の粘度が60℃で50mPa・s以下、例えば40mPa・s以下、35mPa・s以下、30mPa・s以下、20mPa・s以下、15mPa・s以下、10mPa・s以下、5mPa・s以下、であり得る。また、粘度の下限は特に限定されないが、例えば0.1mPa・s以上、0.5mPa・s以上、1mPa・s以上等が挙げられる。より具体的な粘度の例として、0.1~50mPa・s、0.5~30mPa・s、1~10mPa・s等が挙げられる。なお、粘度は後述する方法により測定する。
ある特定の実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材は、水溶液に塩酸グアニジンを添加しても白濁しない。これは、タンパク質が十分に変性していることを示す指標である。例えば、分離大豆タンパク質や、カゼインナトリウムなどの変性していないタンパク質に塩酸グアニジンを添加すると、白濁を生じる。本明細書において、塩酸グアニジンを添加して白濁しないことは、粗タンパク質濃度0.1%、塩酸グアニジン250mM水溶液において、目視で白濁がないこと、又は水溶液のOD660nmが0.3未満、例えば0.2以下、0.1以下、0であること、により確認できる。またある特定の実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材は、水溶液に硫酸アンモニウムを添加すると白濁する。これは、タンパク質がある程度の重合度を有し、ジペプチド、トリペプチドのように過度に分解されたペプチドではないことを示す指標である。本明細書において、硫酸アンモニウムを添加して白濁することは、粗タンパク質濃度0.1%、硫酸アンモニウム2M水溶液において、目視で白濁が認められること、又は水溶液のOD660nmが0.3以上、例えば0.4以上、0.5以上であること、により確認できる。なお、塩酸グアニジン添加及び硫酸アンモニウム添加の手順は、後述する方法に基づくものとする。
ある特定の実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材は、室温での水への溶解度が20質量%以上、例えば25質量%以上であり得る。溶解度の上限は特に限定されないが、例えば55質量%以下、50質量%以下、45質量%以下、40質量%以下、35質量%以下が挙げられる。より具体的な溶解度の例として、例えば20~55質量%、25~40質量%等が挙げられる。
ある特定の実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材のタンパク質濃度4%の水溶液は、pH3.0~8.0、例えば4.5~6.5、5.0~6.0であり得る。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材は、タンパク質を分解及び/又は変性させる「分解/変性処理」と、タンパク質の分子量分布を調整する「分子量分布調整処理」を組み合わせて適用することにより得られ得る。上記「分解/変性処理」の例として、酵素処理、pH調整処理(例えば、酸処理、アルカリ処理)、変性剤処理、加熱処理、冷却処理、高圧処理、有機溶媒処理、ミネラル添加処理、超臨界処理、超音波処理、電気分解処理及びこれらの組み合わせ等が挙げられる。上記「分子量分布調整処理」の例として、ろ過、ゲルろ過、クロマトグラフィー、遠心分離、電気泳動、透析及びこれらの組み合わせ等が挙げられる。「分解/変性処理」と「分子量分布調整処理」の順序及び回数は特に限定されず、「分解/変性処理」を行ってから「分子量分布調整処理」を行ってもよいし、「分子量分布調整処理」を行ってから「分解/変性処理」を行ってもよいし、両処理を同時に行ってもよい。また、例えば2回以上の「分子量分布調整処理」の間に「分解/変性処理」を行う、2回以上の「分解/変性処理」の間に「分子量分布調整処理」を行う、各々複数回の処理を任意の順に行う、等も可能である。なお、「分解/変性処理」によって所望の分子量分布が得られる場合は、「分子量分布調整処理」を行わなくてもよい。これらの処理を組み合わせて、複数回行う際、原料から全ての処理を連続で行ってもよいし、時間をおいてから行ってもよい。例えば、ある処理を経た市販品を原料として他の処理を行ってもよい。なお、上記特性を満たす限り、分子量分布調整処理を経た植物性タンパク質素材と、分子量分布調整処理を経ていないタンパク質を混合して、特定の植物性タンパク質素材としてもよい。この場合、両者の比率(処理を経たタンパク質素材:処理を経ていないタンパク質)は上記特性を満たす範囲で適宜調整可能であるが、質量比で例えば1:99~99:1、例えば50:50~95:5、75:25~90:10等が挙げられる。ある実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物に用いられる植物性タンパク質素材は、「分解/変性・分子量分布調整処理」を経た植物性タンパク質素材からなる。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物に含まれる油脂は特に限定されず、植物性、動物性を問わず使用しても良い。例えば、植物性油脂としては、大豆油、菜種油、コ-ン油、綿実油、落花生油、ヒマワリ油、こめ油、サフラワ-油、オリ-ブ油、ゴマ油、パーム油、パーム核油、ヤシ油などの植物油脂、牛脂、乳脂、魚油、ラードなどの動物油脂、ならびにこれらを分別、水素添加、エステル交換等を施した加工油脂、さらにこれらの混合油脂等が使用できる。ある実施形態において、本態様の油脂乳化組成物に含まれる油脂は常温で、好ましくは25℃で液状~半固体状であり、例えば液状である。ある実施形態において、例えばコレステロールがたまる等の健康上の問題で動物性原料を避けた方が良いという場合には、動物性油脂を使用せずに、植物性油脂を使用することが好ましい。特定の実施形態では、油脂中の動物性油脂の割合は20%以下、例えば10%以下、5%以下、3%以下、1%以下、0.5%以下等であり、例えば0~20%、0.5~10%等である。
油脂の含量は油脂乳化組成物中の油脂含量で求められる。植物性タンパク質素材に油脂が含まれる場合には、該タンパク質素材中の油脂の量を含めて油脂の含量が算出される。
なお、油脂含量は、酸分解法により測定される。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物には必須ではないが、その他の各種原料を必要に応じて含有させることができる。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物には炭水化物を含有させてもよいし、させなくてもよい。本態様の油脂乳化組成物に含まれ得る炭水化物の具体例として、でん粉を含む糖質と食物繊維が挙げられる。より具体的に、炭水化物としては、果糖、ブドウ糖、砂糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、トレハロース、水飴、カップリングシュガー、はちみつ、異性化糖、転化糖、オリゴ糖(イソマルトオリゴ糖,還元キシロオリゴ糖、還元ゲンチオオリゴ糖、キシロオリゴ糖、ゲンチオオリゴ糖、ニゲロオリゴ糖、テアンデオリゴ糖、大豆オリゴ糖等)、糖アルコール(マルチトール、エリスリトール、ソルビトール、パラチニット、キシリトール、ラクチトール、還元水飴等)、デキストリン、澱粉類(生澱粉、加工澱粉等)が挙げられる。また食物繊維としては、ポリデキストロース、難消化性デキストリン、結晶セルロース、増粘多糖類等が挙げられる。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物には乳化剤を含有させてもよいし、させなくてもよい。乳化剤としては、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド、ポリソルベート、レシチンなどが例示される。これら乳化剤は単独で使用しても良いし、複数を組み合わせて使用しても良い。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物中の乳化剤の配合量は、油脂乳化組成物、油脂乳化組成物が添加される食品等の各種実施形態に応じて適宜調整することができる。配合量の例として、例えば0.0~2.5質量%、0.3~2質量%が挙げられる。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物には多価金属イオンを含有させてもよいし、させなくてもよい。多価金属イオンとして代表的なカルシウム、マグネシウムに加え、その他の多価金属イオンとして鉄、亜鉛、銅、セレン、クロム、コバルト、マンガン、モリブデン等が挙げられ、それぞれ塩化物や硫化物等の任意の塩の形態で配合することができるが、塩化カルシウム等の溶解度の高い塩の形態が好ましい。本発明は、一つの実施形態として、ミネラル耐性の高い油脂乳化組成物を提供することができ、該実施形態においては、多価金属イオンを含有していても、油脂乳化組成物の製造過程や油脂乳化組成物が添加される食品の製造過程における加熱処理によって凝集を生じにくいことも特徴である。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物には、塩類を含有させてもよいし、させなくてもよい。塩類としては、例えば、クエン酸ナトリウム等の有機酸塩、第二リン酸ナトリウム、第二リン酸カリウム、ポリリン酸ナトリウムなどのリン酸塩、重炭酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。より具体的には、塩類を使用する場合には、油脂乳化組成物中に、0.05~3.0質量%、好ましくは0.1~1.0質量%含むことが好ましい。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物には、風味、色または食感の調整、保存安定性の向上を目的として、牛乳・バター・チーズ等の乳製品および乳加工品、果汁、カカオマス、ココアパウダー、香料、着色料、甘味料、pH調整剤、保存料等を必要に応じて添加してもよいし、しなくてもよい。
以下、本態様の油脂乳化組成物の製造態様を示すが、かかる態様のみに限定されるものではない。上記特定の植物性タンパク質素材、油脂、水及びその他必要により炭水化物、乳化剤、ミネラル等の原料を混合し、高圧ホモゲナイザー等により溶液を均質化し、水中油型油脂乳化組成物を得る。具体的な油脂乳化組成物の調製方法は公知の方法によればよいが、以下具体例を説明する。
本態様の油脂乳化組成物は、上記特定の植物性タンパク質素材を用いて調製できる。典型的には、油脂乳化組成物は、「分解/変性・分子量分布調整処理」を経た植物性タンパク質素材を用いて調製できる。あるいは、上記特定の植物性タンパク質素材は、タンパク質素材の製造業者、例えば不二製油株式会社等から購入する、又は製造業者に製造を依頼することによって、容易に入手することができる。なお、従来の市販の大豆タンパク質素材である「フジプロE」、「フジプロCL」、「フジプロAL」、「ニューフジプロ4500」、「プロリーナRD-1」、「プロリーナ900」、「プロリーナHD101R」などは、いずれも上記a)~c)の全特性を満たすタンパク質素材に該当しない。上記植物性タンパク質素材は、油脂乳化組成物を調製する際に、水相部、油相部、又は水相部と油相部の両方に添加してもよい。ある実施形態では、タンパク質原料に対して、例えば下記の水相部又は油相部の調製時に「分解/変性・分子量分布調整処理」を行うことによっても本態様の油脂乳化組成物を調製できる。このような実施形態でも、本態様の油脂乳化組成物は、上記特徴を満たす植物性タンパク質素材を含有するとみなすことができる。
水相部については、上記特定の植物性タンパク質素材の水溶液を作成することで調製できる。必要に応じて水溶液に他の原料を添加してもよいし、しなくてもよい。水溶液中の植物性タンパク質素材の濃度は特に限定されず、例えば1~40%、2~35%、3~30%、4~20%、5~15%、6~10%が挙げられる。また、上記特定の植物性タンパク質素材を用いずに水相部を調製してもよい。水相部のpHは特に限定されず、pH調整を行わなくてもよいし、酸又はアルカリの添加により調整を行ってもよい。水相部のpHの例として、3~10、4~6.5、7~9が挙げられる。水相部の調製温度は特に限定されず、例えば室温でもよい。より具体的な実施形態では、加熱により溶解性が向上する親水性乳化剤や炭水化物などを含む場合は、例えば20~70℃、好ましくは55~65℃の温度範囲で溶解又は分散させて調製できる。水相部に添加する原料は当業者が適宜決定できる。例えば、塩類や水溶性の香料等を加える場合には、水相部に添加する。
均質化装置の例として、ホモミキサー;高圧ホモジナイザー;コロイドミル;超音波乳化機;アジテーターとホモミキサーの両機能を備えたアジホモミキサー;サイレントカッターやステファンクッカーなどのカッター刃ミキサー;エクストルーダーやエマルダーなどのローター・ステーター型インラインミキサーが挙げられる。例えば高圧ホモジナイザーによる均質化の場合、圧力は10~100MPaとすることができ、好ましくは30~100MPaとすることができる。
得られた油脂乳化組成物は必要により加熱殺菌処理を行ってもよいし、行わなくてもよい。加熱殺菌処理を行う場合、例えば間接加熱方式又は直接加熱方式によるUHT滅菌処理法などにて処理し、必要により再度高圧ホモジナイザーにて均質化し、2~15℃などに冷却する。ある実施形態では、油脂乳化組成物は耐熱性を有し、レトルト殺菌が可能である。加熱殺菌の温度は特に限定されないが、例えば110~150℃、120~140℃が挙げられる。加熱殺菌の時間は特に限定されないが、例えば1秒間~60分間、3秒間~40分間、5秒間~30分間、例えば2~7秒間、1~25分間、5~20分間が挙げられる。
具体的な実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物は、そのまま水中油型乳化形態の食品、例えばクリーム、フィリング、マヨネーズ様食品となり得る。他の実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物は、食品原料として利用できる。より具体的な例として、コク味の増強のため調味料として添加する、口当たりの改善のために食感改良剤として添加する、等が挙げられる。より具体的な実施形態では、本態様の油脂乳化組成物は、食品全体が水中油型乳化形態を取る乳化食品、例えば、アイスクリーム、アイスミルク、ラクトアイス、クリーム、フィリング、油脂含有液体乳化飲料、マヨネーズ様食品の原料として使用され得る。
本発明は一態様において、上記態様の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる固体脂代替油脂組成物を提供する。典型的な例として、この組成物は「オレオゲル」、「オルガノゲル」、「オイルゲル」、「ファットゲル」または「リポゲル」等で呼称される油性ゲルの物性特徴を有するものである。
本発明は、以下の態様も提供し得る:
(1)水、タンパク質、油脂を含む水中油型油脂乳化組成物であって、油脂乳化組成物中の水、タンパク質、及び油脂の総量を100質量%としたときの油脂の量が50質量%以上であり、25℃で測定した油脂乳化組成物の圧縮荷重が2.0N以上であり、該タンパク質に係るタンパク質素材中50質量%以上が下記a)~c)の全特徴を有する植物性タンパク質素材由来であること、を特徴とする、油脂乳化組成物:
a)固形分中のタンパク質含量が70質量%以上、
b)NSIが80以上、
c)分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満の面積比率が30%以上、かつ20,000Da以上の面積比率が70%以下;
(2)植物性タンパク質素材が、分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満の面積比率が45~90%である、(1)の油脂乳化組成物;
(3)分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da未満の面積比率が45%以下である、(2)の油脂乳化組成物;
(4)圧縮荷重が4.0N以上である、(1)~(3)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物;
(5)油脂乳化組成物中の水、タンパク質、及び油脂の総量を100質量%としたときの油脂の量が75%以上である、(1)~(4)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物;
(6)植物性タンパク質素材が豆類由来である、(1)~(5)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物;
(7)動物性タンパク質を含まない、(1)~(6)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物;
(8)(1)~(7)のいずれかの油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物。
本明細書において、油脂乳化組成物、植物性タンパク質素材に関する成分や物性の測定は、以下の方法に準ずる。
内径17mm、高さ7mmの円筒リングを、あらかじめ重量を測定しておいたろ紙(ADVANTEC No. 1、東洋濾紙株式会社製)の中心に置き、リング内に1.35gの試料を充填し、60℃、48時間加熱後、リング及びリング内に残存する試料を除去したろ紙の重量を測定し、予め測定しておいたろ紙の重量を差し引いてオイルオフ重量とする。オイルオフ重量の、試料の油脂重量(加熱乾燥前試料の油脂含量)に対する百分率をオイルオフ率とする。
試料をエッペンチューブに1.8g入れ、20,630×g、20分間遠心分離を行い、乳化が維持できているか、水又は油の分離がないかを目視で観察する。水又は油の分離がない場合は○、水又は油の分離が少し見られる場合を△、解乳化している場合を×と評価する。
試料をエッペンチューブに1.8g入れ、オートクレーブで120℃、10分間加熱した後、上記<乳化安定性評価(遠心耐性)>と同様の操作、評価を行う。
内径17mm、高さ7mmの円筒リング内に試料を充填し、クリープメーター(RHEONERII CREEP METER RE2-33005B、山電株式会社製)のステージ上に置き、以下の条件で上部からプランジャーを進入させたときの破断強度を測定する。
・プランジャー:円柱型、No.3 φ16mm
・ロードセル:200N
・測定速度(プランジャーの進入速度):0.5mm/秒
・測定終了試料歪率(試料の厚みに対するプランジャーを押し込んだ距離の割合):90%
ケルダール法により測定する。具体的には、105℃で12時間乾燥したタンパク質素材質量に対して、ケルダール法により測定した窒素の質量を、乾燥物中のタンパク質含量として「質量%」で表す。なお、窒素換算係数は6.25とする。基本的に、小数点以下第2桁の数値を四捨五入して求められる。
溶離液でタンパク質素材を0.1質量%濃度に調整し、0.2μmフィルターでろ過したものを試料液とする。2種のカラム直列接続によってゲルろ過システムを組み、はじめに分子量マーカーとなる既知のタンパク質等(表1)をチャージし、分子量と保持時間の関係において検量線を求める。次に試料液をチャージし、各分子量画分の含有量比率%を全体の吸光度のチャート面積に対する、特定の分子量範囲(時間範囲)の面積の割合によって求める(1stカラム:「TSK gel G3000SWXL」(SIGMA-ALDRICH社)、2ndカラム:「TSK gel G2000SWXL」(SIGMA-ALDRICH社)、溶離液:1%SDS+1.17%NaCl+50mMリン酸バッファー(pH7.0)、23℃、流速:0.4ml/分、検出:UV220nm)。基本的に、小数点以下第2桁の数値を四捨五入して求められる。
粗タンパク質濃度が0.2%のタンパク質素材の水溶液を調製する。水溶液調製時に白濁した場合は、1ないし10%程度の水溶液を調製後遠心分離し、上清を回収し、粗タンパク質濃度0.2%となるよう希釈して試料溶液とする。これに塩酸グアニジン溶液を等量添加して粗タンパク質濃度0.1%、塩酸グアニジン濃度250mMの溶液を調製し、一晩冷蔵庫で静置する。目視で白濁の有無を確認する。あわせて、10mmガラスセルを用いて、波長660nmで濁度を測定する。
粗タンパク質濃度が0.2%のタンパク質素材の水溶液を調製する。水溶液調製時に白濁した場合は、1ないし10%程度の水溶液を調製後遠心分離し、上清を回収し、粗タンパク質濃度0.2%となるよう希釈して試料溶液とする。これに硫酸アンモニウム溶液を等量添加して粗タンパク質濃度0.1%、硫酸アンモニウム濃度2Mの溶液を調製し、一晩冷蔵庫で静置する。目視で白濁の有無を確認する。あわせて、10mmガラスセルを用いて、波長660nmで濁度を測定する。
タンパク質素材の粘度は、タンパク質含量が10質量%となるように該タンパク質素材の水溶液を調製し、60℃にてB型粘度計(望ましくはBrookfield社)でローターは「#LV-1」を使用し、100rpmで1分後に示された測定値として求められる。「#LV-1」で測定不能な場合は順次ローターを「#LV-2」、「#LV-3」、「#LV-4」、「#LV-5」に代えて使用する。「#LV-1」/100rpmで低粘度により測定不能の場合は「下限」とし、「#LV-5」/100rpmで高粘度により測定不能な場合は「上限」とする。
以下の植物性タンパク素材を入手、調製した。これら植物性タンパク素材のタンパク質含量は、どれも80質量%以上であった。詳細な分析値を表2に示した。
サンプルA:分離大豆タンパク質の分解/変性・分子量分布調整処理品(不二製油株式会社テスト製造品、原料分離大豆タンパク質:フジプロF(不二製油株式会社市販品)
サンプルB:分離エンドウタンパク質の分解/変性・分子量分布調整処理品(不二製油株式会社テスト製造品、原料分離エンドウタンパク質:Empro86HV、Emsland社市販品)
サンプルC:分離大豆タンパク質の分解/変性処理品(不二製油株式会社テスト製造品)
サンプルD:分離大豆タンパク質(フジプロF、不二製油株式会社市販品)
サンプルE:大豆ペプチド(ハイニュートDH、不二製油株式会社市販品)
上記サンプルA~Eを用いて、水中油型油脂乳化組成物を調製した。
各サンプル2重量部に水18重量部を添加して水相部を調製した。ハイオレイックひまわり油(ハイオール75B、不二製油株式会社製)79.36部とベータカロチン(三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製)0.64部を混合して油相部を調製した。カッター刃ミキサー(ロボ・クープR-3D、株式会社エフ・エム・アイ)に水相部を添加し、10秒間撹拌した後、撹拌しながら油相部を徐々に添加し、2分間撹拌して水中油型油脂乳化組成物を調製した。
調製した水中油型油脂乳化組成物を、上記<オイルオフ>に記載の試験に従って評価した。結果を表3、図1に示す。
上記サンプルA、C、D、Eを用いて、水中油型油脂乳化組成物を調製した。
各サンプルの10%水溶液を調製し、カッター刃ミキサー(ロボ・クープR-3D、株式会社エフ・エム・アイ)に添加して、撹拌しながらハイオレイックひまわり油(ハイオール75B、不二製油株式会社製)を徐々に添加し、油分70%又は80%の油脂乳化組成物を調製した。各々の油脂乳化組成物について、上記<乳化安定性評価(遠心耐性)>、<乳化安定性評価(加熱耐性)>に記載の試験に従って評価した。結果を表4に示す。
サンプルA、サンプルC、サンプルD各々について、各種濃度の水溶液を調製し、調製した各水溶液について油脂乳化組成物を調製可能な最大油分を調べた。具体的に、各サンプルについて、4、6、8、10、15、25、35%水溶液を調製し、カッター刃ミキサー(ロボ・クープR-3D、株式会社エフ・エム・アイ)に添加して、撹拌しながらハイオレイックひまわり油(ハイオール75B、不二製油株式会社製)を、油分80%を目標下限値として徐々に添加し、乳化物が作成可能な最大油分を調べた。なお、サンプルAは40%、サンプルCは25%、サンプルDは15%で水に溶解不可となり、水溶液が調製できなかった。結果を表5に示す。
実施例4で得られた最大油分で調製された油脂乳化組成物について、上記<圧縮荷重>に記載の試験を実施した。結果を表6に示す。
サンプルA、Bの20質量%水溶液を使用して、実施例4の方法で油分85質量%に調製した油脂乳化組成物を型に入れ、オーブン内で60℃、48時間乾燥させて固体脂代替油脂組成物を調製した(図2)。乾燥前の固形分濃度を表7に示した。得られた固体脂代替油脂組成物は固体状で、油の分離は見られなかった。指で強く押すと押した部分に若干油脂が染み出した。フライパンで加熱すると焦げ目がつき、肉の脂身を焼いたような性状であった(図3)。
実施例6のサンプルAから調製した粘土様の油脂乳化組成物を手で形成し、同様の条件で加熱した。乾燥前の形状を保った個体物を得ることができた(図4)。
Claims (14)
- 水、タンパク質、油脂を含む水中油型油脂乳化組成物であって、油脂乳化組成物中の水、タンパク質、及び油脂の総量を100質量%としたときの油脂の量が50質量%以上であり、25℃で測定した油脂乳化組成物の圧縮荷重が2.0N以上であり、該タンパク質に係るタンパク質素材中50質量%以上が下記a)~c)の全特徴を有する植物性タンパク質素材由来であること、を特徴とする、油脂乳化組成物:
a)固形分中のタンパク質含量が70質量%以上、
b)NSIが80以上、
c)分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満の面積比率が30%以上、かつ20,000Da以上の面積比率が70%以下。 - 植物性タンパク質素材が、分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da以上20,000Da未満の面積比率が45~90%である、請求項1に記載の油脂乳化組成物。
- 分子量分布の測定結果で、2,000Da未満の面積比率が45%以下である、請求項2に記載の油脂乳化組成物。
- 圧縮荷重が4.0N以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の油脂乳化組成物。
- 油脂乳化組成物中の水、タンパク質、及び油脂の総量を100質量%としたときの油脂の量が75%以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の油脂乳化組成物。
- 植物性タンパク質素材が豆類由来である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の油脂乳化組成物。
- 動物性タンパク質を含まない、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の油脂乳化組成物。
- 圧縮荷重が4.0N以上であり、油脂乳化組成物中の水、タンパク質、及び油脂の総量を100質量%としたときの油脂の量が75%以上であり、植物性タンパク質素材が豆類由来であり、動物性タンパク質を含まない、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の油脂乳化組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物。
- 請求項4に記載の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物。
- 請求項5に記載の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物。
- 請求項6に記載の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物。
- 請求項7に記載の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物。
- 請求項8に記載の油脂乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる、固体脂代替油脂組成物。
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JPS4810244A (ja) * | 1971-06-29 | 1973-02-08 | ||
JP2015002682A (ja) | 2013-06-19 | 2015-01-08 | 不二製油株式会社 | 高油分水中油型乳化物 |
WO2019189810A1 (ja) | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | 不二製油グループ本社株式会社 | 乳化食品製造用タンパク質含有油脂乳化組成物 |
WO2021009075A1 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-01-21 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Bacon analogue product |
JP2021052700A (ja) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-04-08 | 不二製油グループ本社株式会社 | 植物ベースのクリーム代替物の製造法 |
JP2022009934A (ja) | 2015-12-10 | 2022-01-14 | シーエムアール・サージカル・リミテッド | 手術器具を回動させるプーリ機構 |
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JP2015002682A (ja) | 2013-06-19 | 2015-01-08 | 不二製油株式会社 | 高油分水中油型乳化物 |
JP2022009934A (ja) | 2015-12-10 | 2022-01-14 | シーエムアール・サージカル・リミテッド | 手術器具を回動させるプーリ機構 |
WO2019189810A1 (ja) | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | 不二製油グループ本社株式会社 | 乳化食品製造用タンパク質含有油脂乳化組成物 |
WO2021009075A1 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-01-21 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Bacon analogue product |
JP2021052700A (ja) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-04-08 | 不二製油グループ本社株式会社 | 植物ベースのクリーム代替物の製造法 |
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BAUNE MARIE-CHRISTIN; SCHROEDER SARAH; WITTE FRANZISKA; HEINZ VOLKER; BINDRICH UTE; WEISS JOCHEN; TERJUNG NINO: "Analysis of protein-network formation of different vegetable proteins during emulsification to produce solid fat substitutes", JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION, SPRINGER US, BOSTON, vol. 15, no. 3, 4 February 2021 (2021-02-04), Boston , pages 2399 - 2416, XP037447234, ISSN: 2193-4126, DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00767-9 * |
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