WO2023142248A1 - 一种用于森林防火的套件及其防范方法 - Google Patents

一种用于森林防火的套件及其防范方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023142248A1
WO2023142248A1 PCT/CN2022/081916 CN2022081916W WO2023142248A1 WO 2023142248 A1 WO2023142248 A1 WO 2023142248A1 CN 2022081916 W CN2022081916 W CN 2022081916W WO 2023142248 A1 WO2023142248 A1 WO 2023142248A1
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Prior art keywords
dry powder
barrel
kit
barrel body
lead wire
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PCT/CN2022/081916
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李映娴
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李映娴
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Publication of WO2023142248A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023142248A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
    • A62C3/0235—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft by means of containers, e.g. buckets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of firefighting equipment, in particular to a kit for forest fire prevention and a prevention method thereof.
  • Forest fire refers to the forest fire that loses human control, spreads and extends freely in the forest land, and brings certain harm and loss to the forest, forest ecosystem and human beings. It is sudden, destructive, and difficult to deal with and rescue. features.
  • Existing forest fire fighting is still dominated by spraying and sprinkling water, supplemented by excavating isolation zones.
  • large fire extinguishing equipment such as fire trucks Unable to quickly maneuver into the disaster area, firefighters need to walk into the forest area to put out the fire. Because of the large fire area and insufficient number of firefighters, it is difficult to control the fire in a short time, and it will also affect the personal safety of firefighters.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problem that the fire spreads too fast when a fire occurs, which increases the difficulty of fire extinguishing work in the later stage.
  • the present invention provides a kit for forest fire prevention, including a drone, a dry powder bucket, a cloud platform camera and a clamping platform, the dry powder bucket is hoisted in the middle of the bottom of the drone through the clamping platform, and the cloud platform
  • the camera is installed on the bottom side of the UAV.
  • the dry powder barrel includes the barrel body, needle rod, spray tube and lead wire.
  • the dry powder fire extinguishing agent is stored in the barrel.
  • the needle rod is fixed in the middle of the barrel body, and one end of the needle rod extends out of the bottom of the barrel body.
  • the length of the needle bar extending out of the barrel is between 100mm and 300mm
  • the spray tube is fixedly connected to the needle bar in the barrel
  • one end of the lead wire extends into the spray tube
  • the other end of the lead wire extends out of the barrel.
  • the gas passes through the squeezed dry powder
  • the fire extinguishing agent explodes the barrel, causing the dry powder fire extinguishing agent to scatter out of the barrel, and the dry powder fire extinguishing agent enters the external environment and absorbs oxygen to react in a high temperature environment, reducing the oxygen content around the open flame, making it difficult for the open fire to pass through the area of the dry powder barrel Diffusion combustion can ensure that the fire will not spread within a certain period of time, and even directly extinguish the open fire, which can reduce the difficulty and danger of work for the firefighters in the later stage, and has extremely high economic value.
  • the wall thickness of the upper and lower ends of the barrel body is higher than the wall thickness of the arc surface, and the wall thickness of the arc surface of the barrel satisfies:
  • a is the wall thickness of the arc surface of the barrel, in mm;
  • M is the mass of dry powder fire extinguishing agent, in Kg;
  • A is the inner diameter area of the barrel, in m 2 .
  • the barrel body is selected according to the amount of dry powder fire extinguishing agent required, so as to ensure that the spray tube can effectively explode the barrel body and the dry powder fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed to a longer distance, so as to realize fire extinguishing and establish an isolation zone function.
  • the installation position of the hair spray tube satisfies:
  • h is the height of the center of the eruption tube
  • H is the height of dry powder fire extinguishing agent.
  • the position of the eruption cylinder is adjusted according to the amount of dry powder fire extinguishing agent, so that the energy generated by the eruption cylinder can cover the dry powder fire extinguishing agent as much as possible, and spray as much dry powder fire extinguishing agent as possible to achieve a wide range of coverage. And make the dry powder fire extinguishing agent all react with oxygen to achieve the maximum fire extinguishing effect.
  • the lead wire protrudes from the bottom of the barrel and bends to one side of the barrel
  • a sleeve block is fixed on the bottom side of the barrel body
  • the sleeve block protrudes from the bottom of the barrel body
  • the lead wire penetrates into the sleeve block.
  • the block contains desiccant or oil.
  • setting the sleeve block can not only play the role of fixing the position of the lead wire, but also reduce the influence of rain and dew on the lead wire, so that the lead wire can be stored for a long time, and the effective service life of the dry powder barrel can be improved.
  • a wire clip is fixedly connected to one side of the barrel, the thickness of the wire clip is between the diameter and the radius of the lead wire, and a notch is opened on the outside of the wire clip, and the lead wire is inserted into the notch.
  • setting the wire clip can not only fix the lead wire on the side wall of the barrel body, making it easier for the lead wire to be in contact with the open flame from the outside, but also increasing the contact area between the lead wire and the outside world by setting the notch, so that the lead wire is more likely to be ignited.
  • the lead wires in the barrel are covered with a metal tubular sheath, and the bottom of the sheath is fixed with a plastic alignment sleeve, the outer diameter of the alignment sleeve is larger than the sheath, and the alignment The bottom of the cover is fixedly connected with the bottom of the barrel body.
  • the sheath is set to avoid the influence of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent on the lead wire, so that the lead wire can burn normally.
  • the setting sleeve is set to further stabilize the position of the lead wire, so as to avoid the problem that the lead wire cannot be ignited after the external lead wire is brittle and broken. .
  • the clamping platform includes a hoop and a hanger, the hoop is fixed outside the barrel, and three hangers are fixed at the bottom of the drone at intervals in a ring, and the bottom end surface of the hoop is connected to the hanger
  • the top surfaces of the bottom protrusions are all provided with slopes, and the slopes abut against each other, and the maximum included angle between adjacent hangers is 160°.
  • setting up the clamping platform can not only enable the drone to transport the dry powder bucket, but also make use of the reasonable angle of the hanger to separate the drone and the dry powder bucket smoothly when the drone moves horizontally without additional delivery Mechanism, reduce design and production difficulty, improve economy.
  • the abutment includes a top ring and a slanting frame, the top ring is fixed on the top inside the barrel, the slanting frame is an inverted cone frame, and the top of the slanting frame is fixed on On the top ring, the bottom of the inclined frame is fixedly connected to the needle bar.
  • the support platform is set to improve the structural strength of the top of the barrel, so that when the UAV moves down to push the barrel, the problem of the barrel being squeezed and deformed can be avoided.
  • the present invention also provides a kind of prevention method that is used for forest fire prevention kit, comprises the following steps,
  • the system controls the drone to take off at a height of about two meters, mount the dry powder bucket on the clamping platform, and then the system controls more than 100 drones to fly to the target forest protection area at the same time;
  • the UAV lowers its height at the edge of the protected area and the area with low tree density, and keeps flying at a low altitude. It flies to the predetermined position and hovers under the GPS positioning.
  • the distance between each UAV is between 10m and 100m;
  • the drone starts to move down, so that the tip of the needle rod touches the ground. At this time, the drone continues to move down, so that the hanger is separated from the hoop, and then the bottom surface of the drone is in contact with the top surface of the barrel body. Due to the weight of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent and the pushing force of the drone, the needle bar is inserted into the ground, and the needle bar is not completely embedded in the ground, so that the distance between the block and the ground is 50mm to 100mm;
  • the use of drones to lay dry powder barrels in a large area can prevent fires in large-scale forest areas and deep forest areas, greatly reducing the workload of artificial laying, and at the same time using drones to lay with GPS
  • the positioning makes the distribution of dry powder buckets more uniform and the laying speed is faster; at the same time, the dry powder buckets and lead wires are not in contact with the ground, which can not only prevent the ground water from contaminating the lead wires, but also prevent small animals from bumping into the dry powder buckets when they are active.
  • the structural strength of the dry powder bucket further improves the preventive service life of the dry powder bucket.
  • a fixed-wing UAV or a rotary-wing UAV can be taken off according to the actual situation, and a large-volume dry powder bucket is mounted to fly to the periphery of the fire for circular delivery in the air, and then Fly into the fire for air delivery.
  • the drone when the flame spreads between the tree trunk and the top branches and leaves, the drone is used to drop the dry powder bucket in the air, so that the fuse is ignited in midair and the dry powder bucket is quickly detonated, so that The dry powder fire extinguishing agent is scattered on the trunk and branches of trees in mid-air, achieving the effect of high-level fire extinguishing, further improving the fire extinguishing efficiency, and reducing the difficulty and danger of artificial complete fire extinguishing in the later stage.
  • the present invention can not only effectively contain the spread of flames in the early stage of a fire, but even directly extinguish the fire. It has a simple structure and low production cost, and is suitable for large-area delivery, and it can also use drones for large-area interval laying
  • the dry powder bucket greatly reduces the amount of manual labor, and realizes large-area and multi-coverage forest fire prevention, improves fire extinguishing efficiency and reduces the difficulty and danger of fire extinguishing, and has extremely high applicability.
  • Fig. 1 is a top view of the loaded state of the unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the loaded state of the unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the loaded state of the unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram of the internal structure of the dry powder barrel of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view of the dry powder barrel of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the clamping platform structure of the present invention.
  • a kit for forest fire prevention combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2, includes a drone 1, a dry powder bucket 2, a pan-tilt camera 3 and a clamping platform 4, and the dry powder bucket 2 is hoisted on the bottom of the drone 1 through the clamping platform 4 In the middle, the pan-tilt camera 3 is set up on one side of the bottom of the UAV 1, so that the UAV 1 can transport the dry powder bucket 2 to a designated position.
  • the UAV 1 includes a body 11, a wing bar 12, a motor 13 and a rotor 14, and several wing bars 12 are fixedly connected around the body 11 at intervals, and the number of wing bars 12 is an even number, generally four , six or eight, preferably four; four motors 13 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the wing bar 12 ends, the motor 13 is a servo motor, the output shaft of the motor 13 stretches out from the top of the wing bar 12, and the rotor blade 14 is fixedly connected to the output of the motor 13 On the axis, the movement and steering of the UAV 1 can be controlled by changing the rotational speed of each motor 13, which is easy to operate and flexible in movement.
  • the power selection of the motor 13 and the size of the body 11 are determined according to the volume and weight of the dry powder barrel 2 to be installed. Generally, the body 11 whose outer diameter is about twice the outer diameter of the dry powder barrel 2 needs to be selected, and the total load weight converted into A motor 13 about 1.5 times the weight of the dry powder bucket 2, to realize the function that the drone 1 can carry the dry powder bucket 2.
  • the body 11 has a built-in controller and other electronic devices, and the top of the body 11 is fixedly connected with a GPS signal tower 15, and the position information is sent through the GPS signal tower 15, so that the staff can locate the UAV 1, and also The position signal can be transmitted between multiple UAVs 1, so as to control the distance between UAVs 1 and ensure that the positions of the dry powder buckets 2 are evenly distributed.
  • the outer periphery of the bottom of the body 11 is fixedly connected with three supporting legs 16 at intervals, and the bottom of the supporting legs 16 is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped bottom plate 17.
  • the length of the legs 16 is less than the total length of the dry powder bucket 2, so that the dry powder bucket 2 is installed on the ground, and the bottom area of the bottom plate 17 is greater than the bottom area of the legs 16, which can also ensure that the UAV 1 can land stably on the ground.
  • the dry powder barrel 2 includes a barrel body 21, a needle rod 22, an eruption tube 23 and a lead wire 24.
  • the barrel body 21 is a cylindrical empty barrel, and the overall material of the barrel body 21 is made of hard epoxy resin, which has high temperature resistance. And the characteristic of high brittleness can effectively avoid high temperature burning and can burst quickly.
  • a dry powder fire extinguishing agent is stored in the barrel body 21, and the dry powder fire extinguishing agent can adopt common sodium bicarbonate powder or ammonium phosphate powder, preferably ammonium phosphate salt powder, wherein a small amount of dry ice can also be mixed, and the dry ice volatilizes to increase the internal pressure of the barrel body 21.
  • the needle bar 22 is a steel cylindrical bar, the outer diameter of the needle bar 22 is generally 10mm, the length of the needle bar 22 is greater than the length of the barrel body 21, the bottom of the needle bar 22 is polished into a conical shape, and the needle bar 22 is solid It is connected to the middle of the barrel body 21 and coincides with the axis of the barrel body 21.
  • the bottom end of the needle bar 22 protrudes from the bottom of the barrel body 21, and the length of the needle bar 22 extending out of the barrel body 21 is between 100 mm and 300 mm.
  • the specific value can be determined according to the barrel body 21.
  • the eruption tube 23 is a cylindrical tube made of hard plastic, and the gunpowder is stored in the eruption tube 23 , the eruption tube 23 is fixedly connected on the needle rod 22 in the barrel body 21;
  • the lead wire 24 is a linear structure with pyrotechnic powder as the drug core and wrapped with waterproof kraft paper, one end of the lead wire 24 extends into the eruption tube 23, and the other end of the lead wire 24 extends Out of the barrel body 21, the spray tube 23 can be detonated by an external fire source by igniting the fuse 24 so that the dry powder fire extinguishing agent is sprayed out to extinguish the fire.
  • the wall thickness of the upper and lower ends of the barrel body 21 is higher than the wall thickness of the arc surface, and the wall thickness of the arc surface of the barrel body 21 satisfies:
  • a is the wall thickness of the arc surface of barrel body 21, and the unit is mm;
  • M is the mass of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent, in Kg, of which the maximum weight shall not exceed 10Kg;
  • A is the area of the inner diameter of the barrel body 21, and the unit is m 2 .
  • h is the center height of the eruption cylinder 23;
  • H is the height of dry powder fire extinguishing agent.
  • the amount of dry powder fire extinguishing agent adjust the position of the spray tube 23 and the appropriate amount of powder, so that the energy generated by the spray tube 23 can cover the dry powder fire extinguishing agent as much as possible, and spray as much dry powder fire extinguishing agent as possible to reach a large area.
  • No. 1 barrel the barrel body 1 has an inner diameter of 100mm, a wall thickness of 0.5mm, and a needle rod 22 with an outer diameter of 2mm.
  • the eruption tube 23 is a common single firecracker, and the installation position is on two-fifths of the height of the barrel body 21;
  • the barrel body 1 has an inner diameter of 100 mm, a wall thickness of 1.5 mm, a needle rod 22 with an outer diameter of 2 mm, and the eruption tube 23 is a common single firecracker, and the installation position is two-fifths of the height of the barrel body 21;
  • Barrel No. 3 barrel body 1 inner diameter is 100mm, wall thickness is 0.5mm, needle bar 22 outer diameter 2mm, eruption tube 23 is a common single firecracker, and the installation position is on the 1/2 height of barrel body 21.
  • the average spray radius range of No. 1 barrel is about 1.25m;
  • the average spray radius range of No. 2 barrel is about 0.85m;
  • the average spray radius range of No. 3 barrel is about 1.15m.
  • the wall thickness of the barrel body 21 calculated by the formula and the installation position of the eruption tube 23 have a wider spray range.
  • the barrel body 21 used in the experiment is smaller, the direct difference between the various data is small, but it is extended to The gap is more obvious after the large-volume barrel body 21.
  • the amount of gunpowder in the same proportion as in this test can be used.
  • the lead wire 24 protrudes from the bottom of the barrel body 21 and bends to one side of the barrel body 21, the bottom side of the barrel body 21 is fixedly connected with a cover block 25, the cover block 25 protrudes from the bottom of the barrel body 21, and the lead wire 24 passes through Put into the cover block 25, there is desiccant or engine oil in the cover block 25, setting the cover block 25 can not only play the role of fixing the position of the lead wire 24, but also reduce the influence of rain and dew on the lead wire 24, so that the lead wire 24 can be stored for a long time and improve The effective service life of the dry powder barrel 2; one side of the barrel body 21 is fixedly connected with a wire clip 26, the thickness of the wire clip 26 is between the diameter and the radius of the lead wire 24, and a notch is opened on the outside of the wire clip 26, and the lead wire 24 is embedded in the notch.
  • Setting the wire clip 26 can not only fix the lead wire 24 on the side wall of the barrel body 21, so that the lead wire 24 is more likely to be in contact with the open flame from the outside, but also setting the notch can increase the contact area between the lead wire 24 and the outside world, so that the lead wire is more likely to be ignited.
  • the lead wire 24 in the barrel body 21 is coated with a metal tubular sheath 27, and the bottom of the sheath 27 is fixedly connected with a plastic alignment sleeve 28, and the outer diameter of the alignment sleeve 28 is larger than the sheath.
  • Cover 27, the bottom of the wiring cover 28 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the barrel body 21, and the sheath 27 is set to avoid the influence of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent on the lead wire 24, so that the lead wire 24 can burn normally. After the external lead wire 24 is brittle, the lead wire 24 head enters the barrel body 21 and cannot be ignited.
  • the clamping platform 4 includes a hoop 41 and a hanger 42, the hoop 41 is fixed outside the barrel body 21, and the three hangers 42 are fixed at the bottom of the UAV 1 at intervals in a ring shape.
  • the bottom surface of 41 and the protruding top surface of the bottom of hanger 42 are provided with slopes, and the slopes abut against each other to facilitate the separation of hoop 41 and hanger 42, wherein the maximum angle between adjacent hangers 42 is 160° , setting up the clamping table 4 can not only enable the UAV 1 to transport the dry powder bucket 2, but also use the reasonable angle of the hanger 42 to smoothly separate the UAV 1 and the dry powder bucket 2 when the UAV 1 moves horizontally, without additional
  • the delivery mechanism reduces the difficulty of design and production and improves the economy.
  • the pan-tilt camera 3 includes a camera 31 and a steering motor 32, the steering motor 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the body 11, the camera 31 is connected to the steering motor 32 in rotation, and the camera 31 is connected to the controller in the body 11 through
  • the data line is electrically connected to transmit the image information to the body 11, and then sent to the control system by the wireless transmission device in the body 11, so that the staff can check the surrounding environment of the drone 1; the bottom of the body 1 is located at the pan-tilt camera 3
  • a battery 18 is fixedly connected to the opposite side, and the battery 18 can supply power to electronic devices such as the motor 13, and cooperate with the gimbal camera 3 to stabilize the center of gravity of the drone 1, so that the flight of the drone 1 is more stable.
  • the bucket body 21 is provided with an abutment 5
  • the abutment 5 includes a top ring 51 and an inclined frame 52
  • the top ring 51 is fixed on the inner top of the barrel body 21
  • the inclined frame 52 is an inverted cone frame.
  • the top of the inclined frame 52 is fixedly connected to the top ring 51
  • the bottom of the inclined frame 52 is fixedly connected to the needle bar 22, and the abutment 5 is provided to improve the structural strength of the top 21 of the barrel so that the UAV 1 moves down to push the barrel 21 Avoid the problem that barrel body 21 is extruded and deformed at the same time.
  • the present invention also provides a kind of prevention method that is used for forest fire prevention kit, comprises the following steps,
  • the system controls the UAV 1 to take off at a height of about two meters, mount the dry powder bucket 2 on the clamping platform 4, and then the system controls more than a hundred UAVs 1 to fly to the target forest protection area at the same time;
  • the man-machine 1 lays the dry powder bucket 2 in a large area, realizes the fire prevention work in a large range of forest areas and deep forest areas, greatly reduces the workload of human laying, and uses the drone 1 to lay the dry powder bucket 2 with GPS positioning.
  • the distribution position is more uniform, and the laying speed is faster;
  • the UAV 1 lowers its height in the edge of the protected area and the area with low tree density, and keeps flying at a low altitude, so as not to be blocked by the branches and cannot land accurately; at the same time, it flies to the predetermined position and hovers under the GPS positioning.
  • the volume of the dry powder tank 2, the distance between each UAV in a matrix is between 10m and 100m, the larger the dry powder tank 2, the farther the distance;
  • the UAV 1 starts to move down, so that the tip of the needle bar 22 touches the ground. At this time, the UAV 1 continues to move down, so that the hanger 42 is separated from the hoop 41, and then the bottom surface of the UAV 1 and the top of the barrel 21 Surface contact, using the weight of the barrel body 21 and the dry powder fire extinguishing agent and the push of the drone 1, the needle bar 22 is inserted into the ground, and the needle bar 22 is not completely embedded in the ground, so that the sleeve block 25 and the ground have a distance of 50mm to 100mm.
  • the dry powder bucket 2 and the lead wire 24 are not in contact with the ground, which can prevent the ground water from contaminating the lead wire 24, and can also prevent small animals from bumping into the dry powder bucket 2 and affecting the structural strength of the dry powder bucket 2, further improving the dry powder bucket 2. protection life;
  • the present invention designs a new type of dry powder bucket 2, which can not only effectively curb the spread of flames in the early stage of a fire, but even directly extinguish the fire.
  • the structure is simple, the production cost is low, and it is suitable for large-scale delivery, and the use of drones 1 to lay dry powder buckets 2 at intervals in a large area greatly reduces the amount of manual labor, and realizes large-area multi-coverage forest fire prevention, improves fire extinguishing efficiency and It reduces the difficulty and danger of fire extinguishing, and has extremely high applicability.

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Abstract

一种用于森林防火的套件及其防范方法，包括无人机（1）、干粉桶（2）、云台相机（3）和夹台（4），干粉桶（2）通过夹台（4）吊装在无人机（1）底端中部，云台相机（3）架设在无人机（1）底部一侧，其中干粉桶（2）包括桶体（21）、针杆（22）、喷发筒（23）和引线（24），桶体（21）内存放有干粉灭火剂，针杆（22）固连在桶体（21）内中部，针杆（22）一端伸出桶体（21）底部，针杆（22）伸出桶体（21）外长度介于100mm～300mm,喷发筒（23）固连在桶体（21）内的针杆（22）上，引线（24）一端伸入喷发筒（23）内，引线（24）另一端伸出桶体（21）外。该套件及方法具有对火情进行高效防范，大大降低火势扩散速度，减少生态环境的破坏，且生产成本低，适合大面积多数量布置的优点。

Description

一种用于森林防火的套件及其防范方法 技术领域
本发明涉及消防设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于森林防火的套件及其防范方法。
背景技术
森林火灾是指失去人为控制，在林地内自由蔓延和延展，对森林、森林生态系统和人类带来一定危害和损失的林火行为，具有突发性强、破坏性大、处置救助较为困难的特点。现有的森林灭火仍以喷、洒水的方式为主，以挖掘隔离带为辅进行灭火工作，但是在森林深处的火灾，因山区地势复杂，而且树木植被较为茂密，消防车等大型灭火设备无法快速机动进入灾区，都是需要消防员徒步进入林区进行灭火工作，始终都会因为过火面积大而且消防人员数量不足，导致火势短时间内难以控制，而且还会影响消防人员的人身安全。
即使提前发现火情，但由于林木十分易燃，火势蔓延速度极快，消防人员快速到场也会面对较大的火情，导致灭火工作十分困难。
因此，针对以上不足，需要提供一种用于森林防火的套件及其防范方法。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是解决火灾发生时火势蔓延过快，导致后期增加灭火工作难度的问题。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种用于森林防火的套件，包括无人机、干粉桶、云台相机和夹台，干粉桶通过夹台吊装在无人机底端中部，云台相机架设在无人机底部一侧，其中干粉桶包括桶体、针杆、喷发筒和引线，桶体内存放有干粉灭火剂，针杆固连在桶体内中部，针杆一端伸出桶体底部，针杆伸出桶体外长度介于100mm～300mm,喷发筒固连在桶体内的针杆上，引线一端伸入喷发筒内，引线另一端伸出桶体外。
通过采用上述技术方案，在林间间隔放置干粉桶，出现火情时，明火点燃引线，之后喷发筒急剧膨胀爆开，使得气体爆出并使高压气体进入桶体内，此时气体通过挤压干粉灭火剂将桶体撑爆，使干粉灭火剂四散流出桶体外，干粉灭火剂进入外界环境中，并在高温环境中吸取氧气进行反应，减少明火周围的氧气含量，使明火不易通过干粉桶的区域进行扩散燃烧，可保证一定时间内火灾不扩散，甚至直接将明火灭掉，为后期消防人员进行彻底灭火降低工作难度和危险性，具有极高的经济价值。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，桶体上下两端面的壁厚高于圆弧面壁厚，桶体圆弧面壁厚满足：
Figure PCTCN2022081916-appb-000001
其中a为桶体圆弧面壁厚，单位为mm；
M为干粉灭火剂质量，单位为Kg；
A为桶体内径面积，单位为m 2。
通过采用上述技术方案，根据所需干粉灭火剂的量对桶体进行选配，以保证喷发筒可有效将桶体撑爆且干粉灭火剂能喷射到更远的距离，实现灭火以及建立隔离带的功能。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，喷发筒安装位置满足：
Figure PCTCN2022081916-appb-000002
其中h为喷发筒中心高度；
H为干粉灭火剂的高度。
通过采用上述技术方案，根据干粉灭火剂的量调节喷发筒的位置，使喷发筒产生的能量尽可能全覆盖到干粉灭火剂上，将尽可能多的干粉灭火剂向外喷发，达到大范围覆盖并使干粉灭火剂全部与氧气反应，达到最大灭火效果。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，引线从桶体底部伸出并弯向桶体一侧，桶体底部一侧固连有套块，套块突出桶体底部，引线穿入套块内，套块内存有干燥剂或机油。
通过采用上述技术方案，设置套块不仅可以起到固定引线位置的作用，还可减少雨露对引线的影响，使引线可长时间保存，提高干粉桶的有效使用期。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，桶体一侧固连有线夹，线夹厚度介于引线直径和半径之间，线夹外侧开设有槽口，引线嵌入所述槽口内。
通过采用上述技术方案，设置线夹不仅能将引线固定在桶体侧壁上，使引线更易与外界明火接触，同时设置槽口又可增加引线与外界 的接触面积，使引线更易被点燃。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，桶体内的引线外包覆有金属制的管状护套，护套底部固连有塑料制成的定线套，定线套外径大于护套，定线套底部与桶体底部固连。
通过采用上述技术方案，设置护套避免干粉灭火剂对引线的影响，使引线能正常燃烧，同时设置定线套进一步稳定引线位置，避免外界引线脆断后引线头进入桶体内而不能被点燃的问题。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，夹台包括箍环和吊架，箍环固连在桶体外，三个吊架呈环状间隔固连在无人机底部，箍环底端面与吊架底部凸起的顶端面均开设有斜面，所述斜面相互抵接，相邻吊架之间最大夹角为160°。
通过采用上述技术方案，设置夹台不仅能使无人机可运输干粉桶，还能利用吊架合理的角度，在无人机水平移动时使无人机和干粉桶顺利分离，无需额外的投放机构，减少设计和生产难度，提高经济性。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，桶体内设有支台，支台包括顶环和斜架，顶环固连在桶体内侧顶部，斜架为倒锥形架，斜架顶部固连在顶环上，斜架底部固连在针杆上。
通过采用上述技术方案，设置支台提高桶体顶部的结构强度，以使无人机下移推动桶体时避免桶体被挤压变形的问题。
本发明还提供一种用于森林防火套件的防范方法，包括以下步骤，
Ⅰ.由系统控制无人机起飞约两米高，将干粉桶挂载到夹台上，随后由系统控制百架以上数量的无人机同时飞至目的森林保护区；
Ⅱ.无人机在保护区边缘且树木密度小的区域降低高度，并保持低空飞行，在GPS定位下飞至预定位置悬停，各个无人机间距介于10m～100m；
Ⅲ.无人机开始下移，使针杆尖端接触地面，此时无人机继续下移，使吊架与箍环分离，随后无人机底端面与桶体顶端面接触，利用桶体以及干粉灭火剂的自重以及无人机的推压，使针杆插入地面内，且针杆不完全嵌入地面，以使套块与地面具有50mm～100mm；
Ⅳ.待无人机下移指定高度后，控制无人机沿水平面移动，其中移动方向为吊架最大夹角的反方向，使无人机与干粉桶分离，最后回收无人机，完成防范布置；
Ⅴ.通过重复上述步骤，在更大面积的森林区域进行防范保护。
通过采用上述技术方案，利用无人机对干粉桶进行大面积铺设，实现对大范围林区以及林区深处的防范火灾工作，大大减少人为铺设的工作量，同时利用无人机铺设配合GPS定位使干粉桶分布位置更为均匀，而且铺设速度更快；同时干粉桶和引线不与地面接触，既能避免地上的积水沾染到引线，还能避免小动物活动时撞到干粉桶而影响干粉桶的结构强度，进一步提高干粉桶的防范使用寿命。
作为对本发明的进一步说明，优选地，当出现灾情时，可根据实际情况起飞固定翼无人机或者旋翼无人机，挂载大体积干粉桶先飞至火情外围进行空中环形投放，之后再飞至火情内进行空中投放。
通过采用上述技术方案，当出现火焰在树木躯干以及顶部树枝和树叶之间蔓延时，利用无人机进行空中之间投放干粉桶的方式，使引 线在半空中被点燃并迅速引爆干粉桶，使干粉灭火剂在半空中飞散到树木躯干及树枝上，达到高位灭火的作用，进一步提高灭火效率，降低后期人为完全灭火的工作难度和危险性。
(三)有益效果
本发明的上述技术方案具有如下优点：
本发明通过设计新式的干粉桶，不仅能起到火灾前期有效遏制火焰蔓延，甚至直接灭火的作用，其结构简易，生产成本低，适合大面积投放，而且利用无人机进行大面积的间隔铺设干粉桶，大大降低人工劳动量，并实现大面积多覆盖式的森林火灾防范，提高灭火效率且降低灭火难度以及危险性，具有极高的适用性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的无人机装载状态俯视图；
图2是本发明的无人机装载状态仰视图；
图3是本发明的无人机装载状态侧视图；
图4是本发明的干粉桶内部结构图；
图5是本发明的干粉桶局部剖面图；
图6是本发明的夹台结构仰视图。
图中：1、无人机；11、机体；12、翼杆；13、电机；14、旋叶；15、GPS信号塔；16、支腿；17、底板；18、电池；2、干粉桶；21、桶体；22、针杆；23、喷发筒；24、引线；25、套块；26、线夹；27、护套；28、定线套；3、云台相机；31、摄像机；32、转向电机；4、夹台；41、箍环；42、吊架；5、支台；51、顶环；52、斜架。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种用于森林防火的套件，结合图1、图2，包括无人机1、干粉桶2、云台相机3和夹台4，干粉桶2通过夹台4吊装在无人机1底端中部，云台相机3架设在无人机1底部一侧，以使无人机1可运输干粉桶2至指定位置。
结合图1、图2，无人机1包括机体11、翼杆12、电机13和旋叶14，若干根翼杆12间隔固连在机体11四周，翼杆12数量为偶数，一般为四根、六根或八根，优选为四根；四个电机13固连在翼杆12末端底部，电机13为伺服电机，电机13输出轴伸出翼杆12顶部，旋叶14固连在电机13输出轴上，通过各个电机13的转速变化，可实现对无人机1的控制移动和转向，操作简便且运动灵活。其中电机13的功率选用以及机体11体积大小均根据所需安装的干粉桶2体积和重量决定，一般需选用外径为干粉桶2外径约两倍的机体11，以及换算成总荷载重量为干粉桶2重量的1.5倍左右的电机13，以实现无人机1能运载干粉桶2的功能。
结合图1、图2，机体11内置控制器等电子器件，机体11顶部固 连有GPS信号塔15，通过GPS信号塔15发送位置信息，以便工作人员能够对无人机1进行定位，而且还能使多个无人机1之间相互传输位置信号，以便控制无人机1之间的距离，保障干粉桶2位置分布均匀。机体11底部外围间隔固连有三个支腿16，支腿16底部固连有弧状的底板17，支腿16和底板17的间距均大于干粉桶2外径，以便无人机1与干粉桶2分离，且支腿16长度小于干粉桶2总长，以便在地面上安装干粉桶2，同时底板17底面积大于支腿16底面积，还能保证无人机1能稳定降落在地面上。
结合图4、图5，干粉桶2包括桶体21、针杆22、喷发筒23和引线24，桶体21为圆柱状空桶，桶体21总体材质采用硬质环氧树脂，具有耐高温且脆性大的特性，可有效避免高温烧化且能够快速爆裂。桶体21内存放有干粉灭火剂，干粉灭火剂可采用常见的碳酸氢钠粉末或者磷酸铵盐粉末，优选磷酸铵盐粉末，其中还可混合少量干冰，干冰挥发以提高桶体21内气压，使桶体21更易爆裂；针杆22为钢制圆柱杆，针杆22外径一般为10mm，针杆22长度大于桶体21的长度，针杆22底端打磨成圆锥状，针杆22固连在桶体21内中部且与桶体21轴线重合，针杆22底端伸出桶体21底部，针杆22伸出桶体21外长度介于100mm～300mm,具体数值可根据桶体21和干粉灭火剂总重量确定，原则上桶体21与干粉灭火剂总重量越大，针杆22伸出长度越大；喷发筒23为硬质塑料制成的圆柱筒，喷发筒23内存放火药，喷发筒23固连在桶体21内的针杆22上；引线24是以烟火药为药芯，外用防水牛皮纸包裹的线性结构，引线24一端伸入喷发筒23内，引线24另 一端伸出桶体21外，可由外界火源通过点燃引线24的方式引爆喷发筒23使干粉灭火剂喷出进行灭火。
结合图4、图5，桶体21上下两端面的壁厚高于圆弧面壁厚，桶体21圆弧面壁厚满足：
Figure PCTCN2022081916-appb-000003
其中a为桶体21圆弧面壁厚，单位为mm；
M为干粉灭火剂质量，单位为Kg，其中最大重量不超过10Kg；
A为桶体21内径面积，单位为m 2。
同时喷发筒23安装位置满足：
Figure PCTCN2022081916-appb-000004
其中h为喷发筒23中心高度；
H为干粉灭火剂的高度。
根据干粉灭火剂的量调节喷发筒23的位置以及合适的火药量，使喷发筒23产生的能量尽可能全覆盖到干粉灭火剂上，将尽可能多的干粉灭火剂向外喷发，达到大范围覆盖并使干粉灭火剂全部与氧气反应，达到最大灭火效果；且利用公式根据所需干粉灭火剂的量对桶体21进行选配，结合脆性大的外壳材质，以保证喷发筒23可有效将桶体21撑爆且干粉灭火剂能喷射到更远的距离，实现灭火以及通过区域范围内干粉桶2爆炸使落地的干粉灭火剂相互连接建立隔离带的功能。
同时为验证上述公式的可行性，通过选用三种不同的干粉桶2，分别为
一号桶：桶体1内径为100mm，壁厚为0.5mm，针杆22外径2mm， 喷发筒23为常见的单个鞭炮，安装位置在桶体21的五分之二高度上；
二号桶：桶体1内径为100mm，壁厚为1.5mm，针杆22外径2mm，喷发筒23为常见的单个鞭炮，安装位置在桶体21的五分之二高度上；
三号桶：桶体1内径为100mm，壁厚为0.5mm，针杆22外径2mm，喷发筒23为常见的单个鞭炮，安装位置在桶体21的二分之一高度上。
三个桶体21内分别放入为1Kg的干粉灭火剂，干粉灭火剂完全填充桶体21，此时干粉灭火剂高度与桶体21内部高度相同；之后在较为空旷的室内停车场点燃引线24使三个干粉桶2完全爆开，通过对干粉灭火剂覆盖范围进行测量，选取最大范围、最小范围以及中间任一范围进行平均数计算，得出：
一号桶的平均喷射半径范围约为1.25m；
二号桶的平均喷射半径范围约为0.85m；
三号桶的平均喷射半径范围约为1.15m。
通过上述试验可知，利用公式计算得出的桶体21壁厚以及喷发筒23安装位置，其喷射范围更广，虽然因实验使用的桶体21较小，各个数据直接差距较小，但是引申到大体积的桶体21后差距就较为明显，同时不宜通过增加火药量的方式提高喷射范围，会使过量火药的燃烧消耗干粉灭火剂，即使喷射范围大但也大大影响干粉灭火剂的灭火效率，一般采用与本试验等比例的火药量即可。
结合图4、图5，引线24从桶体21底部伸出并弯向桶体21一侧，桶体21底部一侧固连有套块25，套块25突出桶体21底部，引线24穿入套块25内，套块25内存有干燥剂或机油，设置套块25不仅可以 起到固定引线24位置的作用，还可减少雨露对引线24的影响，使引线24可长时间保存，提高干粉桶2的有效使用期；桶体21一侧固连有线夹26，线夹26厚度介于引线24直径和半径之间，线夹26外侧开设有槽口，引线24嵌入所述槽口内，设置线夹26不仅能将引线24固定在桶体21侧壁上，使引线24更易与外界明火接触，同时设置槽口又可增加引线24与外界的接触面积，使引线更易被点燃。
结合图4、图5，桶体21内的引线24外包覆有金属制的管状护套27，护套27底部固连有塑料制成的定线套28，定线套28外径大于护套27，定线套28底部与桶体21底部固连，设置护套27避免干粉灭火剂对引线24的影响，使引线24能正常燃烧，同时设置定线套28进一步稳定引线24位置，避免外界引线24脆断后引线24头进入桶体21内而不能被点燃的问题。
综上所述，通过在林间间隔放置干粉桶2，出现火情时，明火点燃引线24，之后火药爆炸产生的气体使喷发筒23急剧膨胀爆开，使得气体爆出并使高压气体进入桶体21内，此时气体通过挤压干粉灭火剂将桶体21撑爆，使干粉灭火剂四散流出桶体21外，干粉灭火剂进入外界环境中，并在高温环境中吸取氧气进行反应，减少明火周围的氧气含量，使明火不易通过干粉桶的区域进行扩散燃烧，可保证一定时间内火灾不扩散，甚至直接将明火灭掉，为后期消防人员进行彻底灭火降低工作难度和危险性，具有极高的经济价值。
结合图5、图6，夹台4包括箍环41和吊架42，箍环41固连在桶体21外，三个吊架42呈环状间隔固连在无人机1底部，箍环41底端 面与吊架42底部凸起的顶端面均开设有斜面，所述斜面相互抵接，以便于箍环41和吊架42分离，其中相邻吊架42之间最大夹角为160°，设置夹台4不仅能使无人机1可运输干粉桶2，还能利用吊架42合理的角度，在无人机1水平移动时使无人机1和干粉桶2顺利分离，无需额外的投放机构，减少设计和生产难度，提高经济性。
结合图2、图3，云台相机3包括摄像机31和转向电机32，转向电机32固连在机体11底部一侧，摄像机31与转向电机32转动连接，摄像机31与机体11内的控制器通过数据线电性连接，以将图像信息传输到机体11内，再由机体11内的无线传输装置发送到控制系统中，以便工作人员查看无人机1周围环境；机体1底部位于云台相机3对向一侧固连有电池18，电池18可为电机13等电子器件供电，且配合云台相机3稳定无人机1重心，使无人机1飞行更为平稳。
结合图4、图5，桶体21内设有支台5，支台5包括顶环51和斜架52，顶环51固连在桶体21内侧顶部，斜架52为倒锥形架，斜架52顶部固连在顶环51上，斜架52底部固连在针杆22上，设置支台5提高桶体顶21部的结构强度，以使无人机1下移推动桶体21时避免桶体21被挤压变形的问题。
本发明还提供一种用于森林防火套件的防范方法，包括以下步骤，
Ⅰ.由系统控制无人机1起飞约两米高，将干粉桶2挂载到夹台4上，随后由系统控制百架以上数量的无人机1同时飞至目的森林保护区；利用无人机1对干粉桶2进行大面积铺设，实现对大范围林区以及林区深处的防范火灾工作，大大减少人为铺设的工作量，同时利用 无人机1铺设配合GPS定位使干粉桶2分布位置更为均匀，而且铺设速度更快；
Ⅱ.无人机1在保护区边缘且树木密度小的区域降低高度，并保持低空飞行，以免被树枝遮挡而无法准确降落；同时在GPS定位下飞至预定位置悬停，根据实际挂载的干粉桶2体积，各个无人机呈矩阵状分布的间距介于10m～100m，干粉桶2体积越大，间距越远；
Ⅲ.无人机1开始下移，使针杆22尖端接触地面，此时无人机1继续下移，使吊架42与箍环41分离，随后无人机1底端面与桶体21顶端面接触，利用桶体21以及干粉灭火剂的自重以及无人机1的推压，使针杆22插入地面内，且针杆22不完全嵌入地面，以使套块25与地面具有50mm～100mm，干粉桶2和引线24不与地面接触，既能避免地上的积水沾染到引线24，还能避免小动物活动时撞到干粉桶2而影响干粉桶2的结构强度，进一步提高干粉桶2的防范使用寿命；
Ⅳ.待无人机1下移指定高度后，控制无人机1沿水平面移动，其中移动方向为吊架42最大夹角的反方向，使无人机1与干粉桶2分离，最后回收无人机1，完成防范布置；
Ⅴ.通过重复上述步骤，在更大面积的森林区域进行防范保护。
当出现火焰在树木躯干以及顶部树枝和树叶之间蔓延的情况时，可根据当地风力大小以及山势的高地，起飞固定翼无人机或者旋翼无人机，挂载大体积干粉桶2先飞至火情外围进行空中环形投放，之后再飞至火情内进行空中投放，通过利用无人机1进行空中之间投放干粉桶2的方式，使引线24在半空中被点燃并迅速引爆干粉桶2，使干 粉灭火剂在半空中飞散到树木躯干及树枝上，达到高位灭火的作用，进一步提高灭火效率，降低后期人为完全灭火的工作难度和危险性。
综上所述，本发明通过设计新式的干粉桶2，不仅能起到火灾前期有效遏制火焰蔓延，甚至直接灭火的作用，其灭火材料对土质影响小，对大气的污染量也少，而且其结构简易，生产成本低，适合大面积投放，而且利用无人机1进行大面积的间隔铺设干粉桶2，大大降低人工劳动量，并实现大面积多覆盖式的森林火灾防范，提高灭火效率且降低灭火难度以及危险性，具有极高的适用性。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于森林防火的套件，其特征在于：包括无人机(1)、干粉桶(2)、云台相机(3)和夹台(4)，干粉桶(2)通过夹台(4)吊装在无人机(1)底端中部，云台相机(3)架设在无人机(1)底部一侧，其中干粉桶(2)包括桶体(21)、针杆(22)、喷发筒(23)和引线(24)，桶体(21)内存放有干粉灭火剂，针杆(22)固连在桶体(21)内中部，针杆(22)一端伸出桶体(21)底部，针杆(22)伸出桶体(21)外长度介于100mm～300mm,喷发筒(23)固连在桶体(21)内的针杆(22)上，引线(24)一端伸入喷发筒(23)内，引线(24)另一端伸出桶体(1)外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于森林防火的套件，其特征在于：桶体(1)上下两端面的壁厚高于圆弧面壁厚，桶体(21)圆弧面壁厚满足：
    Figure PCTCN2022081916-appb-100001
    其中a为桶体(21)圆弧面壁厚，单位为mm；
    M为干粉灭火剂质量，单位为Kg；
    A为桶体(21)内径面积，单位为m 2。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于森林防火的套件，其特征在于：喷发筒(23)安装位置满足：
    Figure PCTCN2022081916-appb-100002
    其中h为喷发筒(23)中心高度；
    H为干粉灭火剂的高度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于森林防火的套件，其特征在于：引线(24)从桶体(21)底部伸出并弯向桶体(21)一侧，桶体(21)底部一侧固连有套块(25)，套块(25)突出桶体(21)底部，引线(24)穿入套块(25)内，套块(25)内存有干燥剂或机油。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种用于森林防火的套件，其特征在于：桶体(21)一侧固连有线夹(26)，线夹(26)厚度介于引线(24)直径和半径之间，线夹(26)外侧开设有槽口，引线(24)嵌入所述槽口内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种用于森林防火的套件，其特征在于：桶体(21)内的引线(24)外包覆有金属制的管状护套(27)，护套(27)底部固连有塑料制成的定线套(28)，定线套(28)外径大于护套(27)，定线套(28)底部与桶体(21)底部固连。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于森林防火的套件，其特征在于：夹台(4)包括箍环(41)和吊架(42)，箍环(41)固连在桶体(21)外，三个吊架(42)呈环状间隔固连在无人机(1)底部，箍环(41)底端面与吊架(42)底部凸起的顶端面均开设有斜面，所述斜面相互抵接，相邻吊架(42)之间最大夹角为160°。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于森林防火的套件，其特征在于：桶体(1)内设有支台(5)，支台(5)包括顶环(51)和斜架(52)，顶环(51)固连在桶体(1)内侧顶部，斜架(52)为倒锥形架，斜架(52)顶部固连在顶环(51)上，斜架(52)底部固连在针杆(22)上。
  9. 一种用于森林防火套件的防范方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，
    Ⅰ.由系统控制无人机(1)起飞约两米高，将干粉桶(2)挂载到夹台(4)上，随后由系统控制百架以上数量的无人机(1)同时飞至目的森林保护区；
    Ⅱ.无人机(1)在保护区边缘且树木密度小的区域降低高度，并保持低空飞行，在GPS定位下飞至预定位置悬停，各个无人机(1)间距介于10m～100m；
    Ⅲ.无人机(1)开始下移，使针杆(22)尖端接触地面，此时无人机(1)继续下移，使吊架(42)与箍环(41)分离，随后无人机(1)底端面与桶体(21)顶端面接触，利用桶体(21)以及干粉灭火剂的自重以及无人机(1)的推压，使针杆(22)插入地面内，且针杆(22)不完全嵌入地面，以使套块(25)与地面具有50mm～100mm；
    Ⅳ.待无人机(1)下移指定高度后，控制无人机沿水平面移动，其中移动方向为吊架(42)最大夹角的反方向，使无人机(1)与干粉桶(2)分离，最后回收无人机(1)，完成防范布置；
    Ⅴ.通过重复上述步骤，在更大面积的森林区域进行防范保护。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种用于森林防火套件的防范方法，其特征在于：当出现灾情时，可根据实际情况起飞固定翼无人机或者旋翼无人机，挂载大体积干粉桶(2)先飞至火情外围进行空中环形投放，之后再飞至火情内进行空中投放。
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