WO2023109273A1 - 一种抗hiv病毒药物依曲拉韦的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗hiv病毒药物依曲拉韦的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023109273A1 WO2023109273A1 PCT/CN2022/124483 CN2022124483W WO2023109273A1 WO 2023109273 A1 WO2023109273 A1 WO 2023109273A1 CN 2022124483 W CN2022124483 W CN 2022124483W WO 2023109273 A1 WO2023109273 A1 WO 2023109273A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- IKKXOSBHLYMWAE-QRPMWFLTSA-N islatravir Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(F)=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@](CO)(C#C)O1 IKKXOSBHLYMWAE-QRPMWFLTSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 229940121573 islatravir Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000036436 anti-hiv Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 title description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006264 debenzylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006646 Dess-Martin oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NKLCNNUWBJBICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dess–martin periodinane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2I(OC(=O)C)(OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 NKLCNNUWBJBICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RAFNCPHFRHZCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(imidazol-1-yl)methanethione Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=S)N1C=CN=C1 RAFNCPHFRHZCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WKMPTBDYDNUJLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroadenine Chemical compound NC1=NC(F)=NC2=C1N=CN2 WKMPTBDYDNUJLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LULXBAGMGMJJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C LULXBAGMGMJJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstannane Chemical compound CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylidene Chemical group [CH]CC OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940094881 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- XCMVGXWVAXRWDI-LURJTMIESA-N (2R)-2,3-dihydroxyhex-3-enal Chemical compound CCC=C(O)[C@@H](O)C=O XCMVGXWVAXRWDI-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZVCVSQSQHGBNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-acetyloxy-2-oxopropyl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(=O)COC(C)=O PZVCVSQSQHGBNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEJGAYKWRDILTF-JDDHQFAOSA-N (3ar,5s,6s,6ar)-5-[(4r)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-ol Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)OC[C@@H]1[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H]2OC(C)(C)O[C@H]2O1 KEJGAYKWRDILTF-JDDHQFAOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYKSJKNYDBLJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-one Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CC(=O)C=C)C=C1 BYKSJKNYDBLJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYYDXWYHAUILQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-4-methoxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=O)C(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 IYYDXWYHAUILQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylphosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(=O)OC KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031886 HIV Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037357 HIV infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical class [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- QVXXTLFHRGMIHD-RDBSUJKOSA-N [(3ar,6s,6ar)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-6-phenylmethoxy-6,6a-dihydro-3ah-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]methanol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1C(CO)(CO)O[C@@H]2OC(O[C@@H]21)(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QVXXTLFHRGMIHD-RDBSUJKOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002355 alkine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBHOOMGKXCMKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;methanol Chemical compound N.OC CBHOOMGKXCMKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002210 biocatalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FAOSYNUKPVJLNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylstannane Chemical compound CCCC[SnH3] FAOSYNUKPVJLNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000033519 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029812 viral genome replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/073—Pyrimidine radicals with 2-deoxyribosyl as the saccharide radical
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of chemical synthesis, in particular to a preparation method of an anti-HIV drug etragravir.
- Islatravir (formerly known as EFdA or MK-8591) is an innovative nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTI) for the treatment of HIV infection with multiple mechanisms of In addition to being a defective building block of the virus, it can also play a role in subsequent steps in the viral replication process. Due to its ultra-long half-life, this suggests that it could potentially be used for HIV treatment with fewer doses, even for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Clinical studies have shown that oral or subcutaneous implantation of etragravir has excellent safety and tolerability, and has a good application prospect. The chemical structure of etragravir is shown in formula I:
- Etravir is a novel nucleoside analog, many research teams have carried out in-depth research on its synthesis, Kuwaraha team in 2011 (Org. Org.Lett., 2015,17,828-831) proposed two total synthetic routes, using R-propylidene glyceraldehyde and diacetone glucose as raw materials respectively, and synthesizing etragravir through 12 steps and 15 steps, and the comprehensive yields were respectively 18% and 37%. In 2017 (Org. Lett., 2017, 19, 926-929), McLaughlin et al. proposed to use glycerone diacetate as a raw material to synthesize etragravir through 15 steps of reaction, with a comprehensive yield of 15%.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing etragravir with a shorter route, high yield and suitable for industrialization.
- the present invention adopts the following steps to prepare etragravir: 3-O-benzyl-4-C-hydroxymethyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene- ⁇ -D-ribofuranose (The compound shown in formula II) is a raw material, according to the following steps, synthesizes etragravir through 8 steps of reaction.
- Concrete preparation method comprises the following steps:
- the selective hydroxyl protection reaction is carried out under the action of sodium hydride and benzyl bromide, using N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent.
- the conditions of the selective hydroxyl protection reaction are as follows: the reaction temperature is -10-40°C, specifically -10°C, 0°C, 20°C, 10-40°C or -5-20°C, and the reaction time is 6-24h. Specifically 8h, 12h, 16h or 24h.
- the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula II, the sodium hydride and the benzyl bromide is 1:0.8 ⁇ 1.2:0.8 ⁇ 1.2, specifically 1:0.8 ⁇ 1.0:0.8 ⁇ 1.0 or 1:1.0 ⁇ 1.2:1.0 ⁇ 1.2.
- the hydroxyl oxidation reaction is carried out under the action of Dess-Martin oxidizing agent, using dichloromethane as a solvent.
- the conditions of the hydroxyl oxidation reaction are as follows: the reaction temperature is -10-20°C, specifically -10°C, 0°C or 20°C, and the reaction time is 0.5-4h, specifically 0.5h, 1h, 2h or 4h.
- the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula III to the Dess-Martin oxidant is 1:1.0-1.5, specifically 1:1.0-1.2 or 1:1.2-1.5.
- the reaction of constructing the terminal alkyne in the step 3) is under the action of P-dimethyldiazomethylphosphate and potassium tert-butoxide, with a melting point lower than -78°C and water-miscible
- the aprotic solvent is a solvent, preferably tetrahydrofuran.
- reaction conditions for constructing the terminal alkyne are as follows: the reaction temperature is -78-20°C, specifically -20°C, and the reaction time is 16-48h, specifically 16h, 20h, 24h, 36h or 48h.
- the molar ratio of the compound shown in the formula IV, P-dimethyldiazomethylphosphate and potassium tert-butoxide is 1:1.0 ⁇ 1.5:1.0 ⁇ 1.5, specifically 1: 1:1 or 1:1.2:1.2 or 1:1.5:1.5.
- the protecting group switching reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid, under the action of acetic anhydride and acetic acid, and using dichloromethane as a solvent.
- the conditions of the protecting group conversion reaction are as follows: the reaction temperature is -10-35°C, specifically -10-0°C, 0-25°C or 10-35°C, and the reaction time is 4-24h, specifically 4h, 8h, 12h or 24h.
- the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula V, acetic anhydride, acetic acid and sulfuric acid is 1:5 ⁇ 15:10 ⁇ 20:0.01 ⁇ 0.10, specifically 1:5:10:0.01 , 1:10:15:0.05, 1:10:20:0.0602, or 1:15:20:0.10.
- the glycosylation reaction in step 5 is carried out in the presence of N,O-bistrimethylsilylacetamide and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, the compound shown in formula VI Glycosylation with 2-fluoroadenine in acetonitrile.
- the conditions of the glycosylation reaction are as follows: the reaction temperature is 20-60°C, specifically 20°C, 40°C or 60°C, and the reaction time is 0.5-12h, specifically 0.5h, 2h, 6h or 12h.
- the molar ratio of the compound shown in the formula VI, 2-fluoroadenine, N, O-bistrimethylsilylacetamide and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate is 1: 1:1.2 ⁇ 1.5:1.5 ⁇ 2.0, specifically 1:1:1.2:1.5 or 1:1:1.5:2.0.
- the selective deprotection reaction in the step 6) is carried out under the action of methanol solution of ammonia.
- the conditions of the selective deprotection reaction are as follows: the reaction temperature is 0-40°C, specifically 0°C, 20°C or 40°C, and the reaction time is 12-36h, specifically 12h, 24h or 36h.
- the concentration of the methanol solution of ammonia is 2 to 7mol/L, specifically 2mol/L, 5mol/L or 7mol/L, and the amount of the methanol solution of ammonia is 5% of the compound shown in formula VII. ⁇ 20 times the volume, specifically 5 times the volume, 10 times the volume or 20 times the volume.
- the deoxygenation reaction in the step 7) is carried out under the action of thiocarbonyldiimidazole, tributyltin hydride and azobisisobutyronitrile, using toluene as a solvent.
- the conditions of the deoxygenation reaction are as follows: the reaction passes through an active intermediate, the active intermediate is prepared first, and then the latter step is carried out in situ to generate the compound shown in formula IX.
- the reaction temperature for preparing the active intermediate is 10-30°C, specifically 10°C, 20°C or 30°C, and the reaction time is 0.5-2h, specifically 0.5h, 1h or 2h; the reaction temperature in the latter step is reflux, and the reaction The time is 0.5-2h, specifically 0.5h, 1h or 2h.
- the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula VIII, thiocarbonyldiimidazole, tributyltin hydride and azobisisobutyronitrile is 1:1.2 ⁇ 1.5:2.5 ⁇ 4:0.2 ⁇ 0.8 , specifically 1:1.2 ⁇ 1.4:2.5 ⁇ 3.5:0.2 ⁇ 0.5 or 1:1.3 ⁇ 1.5:3.0 ⁇ 4.0:0.5 ⁇ 0.8.
- step 8 the debenzylation reaction described in step 8 is carried out under the action of boron trichloride and using dichloromethane as a solvent.
- the conditions of the debenzylation reaction are as follows: the reaction temperature is -78°C, and the reaction time is 0.5-4 hours, specifically 0.5 hours, 2 hours or 4 hours.
- the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula IX to boron trichloride is 1:1.2-7.5, specifically 1:1.2, 1:2.5 or 1:7.5.
- the usage amount of the solvent is the amount known to those skilled in the art.
- the present invention has the following advantages:
- the starting raw materials of this route are easy to purchase, and the cost of raw materials is relatively low;
- the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
- the methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
- the raw materials can be obtained from open commercial channels unless otherwise specified.
- Embodiment 1 the synthesis of the compound shown in formula III
- Embodiment 2 the synthesis of the compound shown in formula IV
- Embodiment 3 the synthesis of the compound shown in formula V
- Embodiment 4 the synthesis of the compound shown in formula VI
- Embodiment 5 the synthesis of the compound shown in formula VII
- Embodiment 6 the synthesis of the compound shown in formula VIII
- Embodiment 7 the synthesis of the compound shown in formula IX
- Embodiment 8 the synthesis of etragravir
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
一种依曲拉韦的制备方法,包括:1)以式II化合物为原料进行选择性羟基保护反应,生成式III化合物;2)式III化合物经羟基氧化反应,生成式IV化合物;3)式IV化合物与P-重氮甲基磷酸二甲酯反应,生成式V化合物;4)式V化合物经保护基转换反应,生成式VI化合物;5)式VI化合物经糖基化反应,合成式VII化合物;6)式VII化合物经选择性脱保护反应,生成式VIII化合物;7)式VIII化合物经脱氧反应,生成式IX化合物;8)式IX化合物经脱苄基反应,即得。
Description
本申请要求于2021年12月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN202111515780.X、发明名称为“一种抗HIV病毒药物依曲拉韦的制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及化学合成技术领域,特别涉及一种抗HIV病毒药物依曲拉韦的制备方法。
依曲拉韦(Islatravir,以前称为EFdA或MK-8591)是治疗HIV感染的创新型核苷类逆转录酶易位抑制剂(NRTI),具有多种作用机制,除了充当阻止新的DNA链构建的有缺陷的构件之外,它还可以在病毒复制过程的后续步骤中起作用。由于其具有超长的半衰期,这表明它有可能以更少的给药次数用于HIV的治疗,甚至用于暴露前预防(PrEP)。临床研究表明,口服或者皮下植入依曲拉韦具有出众的安全性和耐受性,具有良好的应用前景。依曲拉韦的化学结构如式I所示:
依曲拉韦是一种新型的核苷类似物,许多研究团队对其合成进行了深入的研究,Kuwaraha团队分别于2011年(Org.Lett.,2011,13,5264-5266)和2015年(Org.Lett.,2015,17,828-831)提出了两条全合成路线,分别使用R-丙叉甘油醛和双丙酮葡萄糖作为原料,经12步和15步合成依曲拉韦,综合收率分别为18%和37%。McLaughlin等人于2017年(Org.Lett.,2017,19,926-929)提出使用甘油酮二乙酸酯为原料,经15步反应合成依曲拉韦,综合收率为15%,以上几条合成路线较长,收率低,不易产业化。Whittaker 团队于2020年(Chemistry-AEuropean Journal,2020,26,14118-14123)提出使用生物催化法进行糖基化反应合成依曲拉韦,在设计尝试了一系列底物后,确定使用对甲氧基苯甲醛或对甲氧基苯丁烯酮作为原料,筛选合适的配体经4步反应后得到关键中间体,再使用酶法合成依曲拉韦,综合收率47%,本条路线所需的原料和配体均难以购得,产业化困难。
发明内容
针对上述现有方法制备依曲拉韦存在的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种路线较短,收率高并且适合产业化的依曲拉韦制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下步骤制备依曲拉韦:以3-O-苄基-4-C-羟甲基-1,2-O-异亚丙基-α-D-呋喃核糖(式II所示的化合物)为原料,按照如下的步骤,经8步反应合成依曲拉韦。
具体制备方法包括下述步骤:
1)以式II所示的化合物为原料进行选择性羟基保护反应,生成式III所示的化合物;
2)式III所示的化合物经过羟基氧化反应,生成式IV所示的化合物;
3)式IV所示的化合物与P-(重氮甲基)磷酸二甲酯在碱性条件下反应,生成式V所示的化合物,构建依曲拉韦的末端炔基团;
4)式V所示的化合物经保护基转换反应,将丙叉保护转换成两个乙酰基保护,生成式VI所示的化合物;
5)式VI所示的化合物经糖基化反应,构建糖苷键,合成式VII所示的化合物;
6)式VII所示的化合物经选择性脱保护反应,脱除乙酰基,生成式 VIII所示的化合物;
7)式VIII所示的化合物经脱氧反应,脱除2'-位的羟基,生成式IX所示的化合物;
8)式IX所示的化合物经脱苄基反应,脱除两个苄基,生成依曲拉韦。
上述制备方法,所述步骤1)中,所述选择性羟基保护反应在氢化钠和溴化苄的作用下,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂进行。
所述选择性羟基保护反应的条件如下:反应温度为-10~40℃,具体为-10℃、0℃、20℃、10~40℃或-5~20℃,反应时间为6~24h,具体为8h、12h、16h或24h。
上述选择性羟基保护反应中,所述的式II所示的化合物、所述的氢化钠和溴化苄的摩尔比为1:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2,具体为1:0.8~1.0:0.8~1.0或1:1.0~1.2:1.0~1.2。
上述制备方法,所述步骤2)中,所述羟基氧化反应在Dess-Martin氧化剂的作用下,以二氯甲烷为溶剂进行。
所述羟基氧化反应的条件如下:反应温度为-10~20℃,具体为-10℃、0℃或20℃,反应时间为0.5~4h,具体为0.5h、1h、2h或4h。
上述羟基氧化反应中,所述的式III所示的化合物和所述的Dess-Martin氧化剂的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.5,具体为1:1.0~1.2或1:1.2~1.5。
上述制备方法,所述步骤3)中所述构建末端炔的反应在P-重氮甲基磷酸二甲酯和叔丁醇钾的作用下,以熔点低于-78℃且能与水混溶的非质子溶剂为溶剂进行,优选四氢呋喃。
所述构建末端炔的反应条件如下:反应温度为-78~-20℃,具体如-20℃,反应时间为16~48h,具体为16h、20h、24h、36h或48h。
上述构建末端炔的反应中,所述式IV所示的化合物、P-重氮甲基磷 酸二甲酯和叔丁醇钾的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.5:1.0~1.5,具体为1:1:1或1:1.2:1.2或1:1.5:1.5。
上述制备方法,所述步骤4)中,所述保护基转换反应在催化量硫酸的存在条件下,在醋酐和醋酸的作用下,以二氯甲烷为溶剂进行。
所述保护基转换反应的条件如下:反应温度为-10~35℃,具体为-10~0℃、0~25℃或10~35℃,反应时间为4~24h,具体为4h、8h、12h或24h。
上述保护基转换反应中,所述的式V所示的化合物、醋酐、醋酸和硫酸的摩尔比为1:5~15:10~20:0.01~0.10,具体为1:5:10:0.01、1:10:15:0.05、1:10:20:0.0602或1:15:20:0.10。
上述制备方法,所述步骤5)中所述糖基化反应在N,O-双三甲硅基乙酰胺和三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯的存在条件下进行,式VI所示的化合物与2-氟腺嘌呤在乙腈中进行糖基化反应。
所述糖基化反应的条件如下:反应温度为20~60℃,具体为20℃、40℃或60℃,反应时间为0.5~12h,具体可为0.5h、2h、6h或12h。
上述糖基化反应中,所述的式VI所示的化合物、2-氟腺嘌呤、N,O-双三甲硅基乙酰胺和三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯的摩尔比为1:1:1.2~1.5:1.5~2.0,具体为1:1:1.2:1.5或1:1:1.5:2.0。
上述制备方法,所述步骤6)中所述选择性脱保护反应在氨的甲醇溶液的作用下进行。
所述选择性脱保护反应的条件如下:反应温度为0~40℃,具体为0℃、20℃或40℃,反应时间为12~36h,具体可为12h、24h或36h。
上述选择性脱保护反应中,氨的甲醇溶液的浓度为2~7mol/L,具体为2mol/L、5mol/L或7mol/L,氨的甲醇溶液的用量为式VII所示的化合物的5~20倍体积,具体为5倍体积、10倍体积或20倍体积。
上述制备方法,所述步骤7)中所述脱氧反应在硫代羰基二咪唑、三丁基氢化锡和偶氮二异丁腈的作用下,以甲苯为溶剂进行。
所述脱氧反应的条件如下:该反应历经活性中间体,先制备活性中间体,而后原位进行后一步反应生成式IX所示的化合物。制备活性中间体 的反应温度为10~30℃,具体为10℃、20℃或30℃,反应时间为0.5~2h,具体可为0.5h、1h或2h;后一步的反应温度为回流,反应时间为0.5~2h,具体为0.5h、1h或2h。
上述脱氧反应中,所述的式VIII所示的化合物、硫代羰基二咪唑、三丁基氢化锡和偶氮二异丁腈的摩尔比为1:1.2~1.5:2.5~4:0.2~0.8,具体为1:1.2~1.4:2.5~3.5:0.2~0.5或1:1.3~1.5:3.0~4.0:0.5~0.8。
上述制备方法,所述步骤8)中所述的脱苄基反应在三氯化硼的作用下,以二氯甲烷为溶剂进行。
所述的脱苄基反应的条件如下:反应温度为-78℃,反应时间为0.5~4h,具体可为0.5h、2h或4h。
上述脱苄基反应中,所述的式IX所示的化合物和三氯化硼的摩尔比为1:1.2~7.5,具体可为1:1.2、1:2.5或1:7.5。
本发明中,所述溶剂的使用量均为本领域人员公知的用量。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、本路线的起始原料易于采购,原料成本较低;
2、本路线避免使用丁基锂等极度危险的试剂,提高生产过程的安全性;
3、本路线减少了保护基的使用,缩短路线,总体收率提高至48.6%。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径获得。
下述实施例中所述的式II至式IX所示的化合物的结构式如下所示:
实施例1:式III所示的化合物的合成
将50.0g(161mmol)的式II所示的化合物溶于500mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,降温至-5℃,分批加入7.41g(185mmol)的氢化钠(纯度60%),搅拌1h后滴加22mL(185mmol)的溴化苄,升温至20℃搅拌反应16h,检测原料反应完毕后加水淬灭反应,并使用二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集有机相并使用环己烷/乙酸乙酯进行重结晶,得到54.3g的式III所示的化合物,为白色固体,本步收率84.2%。
实施例2:式IV所示的化合物的合成
将50.0g(125mmol)的式III所示的化合物溶于500mL的二氯甲烷(预先用水饱和处理)中,降温至0℃,分批加入63.6g(150mmol)的Dess-Martin氧化剂,升温至20℃搅拌反应1h,检测反应结束,加入饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液,继续搅拌0.5h后分层,收集有机相,水相用二氯甲烷反萃,合并有机相并前后用水和饱和食盐水洗涤,减压蒸干溶剂得到49.7g的式IV所示的化合物,为无色油状物,
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δ9.90(s,1H),7.21–7.37(m,10H),5.84(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),4.65(d,J=12.0Hz,2H),4.61(dd,J=3.6,4.4Hz,1H),4.52(d,J=12.0Hz,2H),4.37(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),3.60–3.68(m,2H),1.60(s,3H),1.33(s,3H),本步为定量反应,收率100%。
实施例3:式V所示的化合物的合成
将13.9g(124mmol)的叔丁醇钾混悬于225mL的四氢呋喃中,降温至 -78℃,搅拌下滴加18.6g(124mmol)的P-重氮甲基磷酸二甲酯溶于225mL四氢呋喃的溶液,滴加完毕后保温-78℃搅拌0.5h后,滴加45.0g(113mmol)的式IV所示的化合物溶于225mL四氢呋喃的溶液,滴加完毕升温至-20℃反应24h,检测反应结束,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,并将反应液使用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相并前后用水和饱和食盐水洗涤,减压蒸干溶剂得到42.5g的式V所示的化合物,为无色油状物,本步收率95.4%。
实施例4:式VI所示的化合物的合成
将40.0g(101mmol)的式V所示的化合物溶于400mL的二氯甲烷中,降温至0℃,依次分别滴加116mL(2.03mol)的醋酸、95mL(1.01mol)的醋酐和0.3mL(6.08mmol)的硫酸,滴加完毕后保温0℃搅拌反应12h,检测反应结束,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液将反应液中和至中性,分液,取有机相,水相使用二氯甲烷反萃,合并有机相并使用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,减压蒸干溶剂,得到39.8g的式VI所示的化合物,为无色油状物,本步收率89.5%。
实施例5:式VII所示的化合物的合成
将12.2g(79.8mmol)的2-氟腺嘌呤混悬于350mL的乙腈中,加热至40℃加入23mL(95.8mmol)的N,O-双三甲硅基乙酰胺,待溶液澄清后,依次加入35.0g(79.8mmol)的式VI所示的化合物和22mL(120mmol)的三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯,保温搅拌反应6h,检测反应结束,加入乙酸乙酯稀释反应液后,加入冰水,分液,收集有机相,有机相使用饱和食盐水洗涤后减压蒸干,得到38.6g的式VII所示的化合物,为类白色粉末,本步收率91.0%。
实施例6:式VIII所示的化合物的合成
将35.0g(65.8mmol)的式VII所示的化合物混悬于350mL的氨-甲醇溶液(5mol/L)中,保温0℃搅拌反应24h,检测反应结束,减压蒸干反应液,并使用正己烷/乙酸乙酯重结晶得到30.7g的式VIII所示的化合物,为类白色粉末,本步收率95.2%。
实施例7:式IX所示的化合物的合成
将30g(61.3mmol)的式VIII所示的化合物溶于500mL的甲苯中,加 入13.1g(73.5mmol)的硫代羰基二咪唑,在20℃下搅拌反应1h后,加入49mL(184mmol)的三丁基氢化锡和4.5mL(30.6mmol)的偶氮二异丁腈,加热至回流反应1h,检测反应结束,降温,减压蒸干溶剂后使用正己烷/乙酸乙酯重结晶得到27.8g的式IX所示的化合物,本步收率95.8%。
实施例8:依曲拉韦的合成
将25.0g(52.8mmol)的式IX所示的化合物溶于125mL的二氯甲烷中,降温至-78℃,缓慢滴加预先配制好的三氯化硼的二氯甲烷溶液(将15.5g,132mmol的三氯化硼溶于125mL的二氯甲烷中而得),滴毕保温反应2h,检测反应结束,加入1:1(v/v)的二氯甲烷/甲醇混合液淬灭反应,减压蒸干,残留物使用乙醇重结晶得到12.6g的依曲拉韦,为类白色粉末,
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ8.30(s,1H),7.85(br s,2H),6.24(dd,J=7.3,5.0Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),5.30(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.54–4.59(m,1H),3.65(dd,J=11.9,5.6Hz,1H),3.55(dd,J=11.9,6.7Hz,1H),3.51(s,1H),2.67–2.73(m,1H),2.39–2.46(m,1H),本步收率81.4%。
尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详尽的描述,但它仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,还可以根据本实施例在不经创造性前提下获得其他实施例,这些实施例都属于本发明保护范围。
Claims (14)
- 一种依曲拉韦的制备方法,包括如下步骤:1)以式II所示的化合物为原料进行选择性羟基保护反应,生成式III所示的化合物;2)将所述式III所示的化合物经过羟基氧化反应,生成式IV所示的化合物;3)将所述式IV所示的化合物与P-重氮甲基磷酸二甲酯在碱性条件下反应,生成式V所示的化合物;4)将所述式V所示的化合物经保护基转换反应,将丙叉保护转换成两个乙酰基保护,生成式VI所示的化合物;5)将所述式VI所示的化合物经糖基化反应,构建糖苷键,合成式VII所示的化合物;6)将所述式VII所示的化合物经选择性脱保护反应,脱除乙酰基,生成式VIII所示的化合物;7)将所述式VIII所示的化合物经脱氧反应,脱除2'-位的羟基,生成式IX所示的化合物;8)将所述式IX所示的化合物经脱苄基反应,脱除两个苄基,生成依 曲拉韦。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)中,所述选择性羟基保护反应在氢化钠和溴化苄的作用下,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂进行;所述选择性羟基保护反应的条件如下:反应温度为-10~40℃,反应时间为6~24h;所述式II所示的化合物、所述氢化钠和溴化苄的摩尔比为1:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2。
- 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的式II所示的化合物、所述的氢化钠和溴化苄的摩尔比为为1:0.8~1.0:0.8~1.0或1:1.0~1.2:1.0~1.2。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中,所述羟基氧化反应在Dess-Martin氧化剂的作用下,以二氯甲烷为溶剂进行;所述羟基氧化反应的条件如下:反应温度为-10~20℃,反应时间为0.5~4h;所述的式III所示的化合物和所述的Dess-Martin氧化剂的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.5。
- 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的式III所示的化合物和所述的Dess-Martin氧化剂的摩尔比为为1:1.0~1.2或1:1.2~1.5。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,所述反应在P-重氮甲基磷酸二甲酯和叔丁醇钾的作用下,以熔点低于-78℃且能与水混溶的非质子溶剂为溶剂进行;所述反应的反应条件如下:反应温度为-78~-20℃,反应时间为16~48h;所述式IV所示的化合物、P-重氮甲基磷酸二甲酯和叔丁醇钾的摩尔比为1:1.0~1.5:1.0~1.5。
- 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述熔点低于-78℃ 且能与水混溶的非质子溶剂为四氢呋喃。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4)中,所述保护基转换反应在催化量硫酸的存在条件下,在醋酐和醋酸的作用下,以二氯甲烷为溶剂进行;所述保护基转换反应的条件如下:反应温度为-10~35℃,反应时间为4~24h;所述式V所示的化合物、醋酐、醋酸和硫酸的摩尔比为1:5~15:10~20:0.01~0.10。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5)中,所述糖基化反应在N,O-双三甲硅基乙酰胺和三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯的存在条件下进行,所述糖基化反应为式VI所示的化合物与2-氟腺嘌呤在乙腈中进行糖基化反应;所述糖基化反应条件如下:反应温度为20~60℃,反应时间为0.5~12h;所述式VI所示的化合物、2-氟腺嘌呤、N,O-双三甲硅基乙酰胺和三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯的摩尔比为1:1:1.2~1.5:1.5~2.0。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤6)中,所述选择性脱保护反应在氨的甲醇溶液的作用下进行;所述选择性脱保护反应条件如下:反应温度为0~40℃,反应时间为12~36h;所述选择性脱保护反应中,氨的甲醇溶液的摩尔浓度为2~7mol/L,氨的甲醇溶液的用量为所述式VII所示的化合物的5~20倍体积。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤7)中,所述脱氧反应在硫代羰基二咪唑、三丁基氢化锡和偶氮二异丁腈的作用下,以甲苯为溶剂进行;所述的式VIII所示的化合物、硫代羰基二咪唑、三丁基氢化锡和偶氮二异丁腈的摩尔比为1:1.2~1.5:2.5~4:0.2~0.8。
- 根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的式VIII所示的化合物、硫代羰基二咪唑、三丁基氢化锡和偶氮二异丁腈的摩尔比 为1:1.2~1.4:2.5~3.5:0.2~0.5或1:1.3~1.5:3.0~4.0:0.5~0.8。
- 根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述脱氧反应条件如下:先制备活性中间体,而后原位进行后一步反应生成式IX所示的化合物;所述制备活性中间体的反应温度为10~30℃,反应时间为0.5~2h;所述后一步反应的反应温度为回流,反应时间为0.5~2h。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤8)中,所述脱苄基反应在三氯化硼的作用下,以二氯甲烷为溶剂进行;所述的脱苄基反应条件如下:反应温度为-78℃,反应时间为0.5~4h;所述式IX所示的化合物和三氯化硼的摩尔比为1:1.2~7.5。
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