WO2023109014A1 - 一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备及施工方法 - Google Patents

一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备及施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023109014A1
WO2023109014A1 PCT/CN2022/095278 CN2022095278W WO2023109014A1 WO 2023109014 A1 WO2023109014 A1 WO 2023109014A1 CN 2022095278 W CN2022095278 W CN 2022095278W WO 2023109014 A1 WO2023109014 A1 WO 2023109014A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel pipe
drill
drill bit
pipe pile
bare rock
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PCT/CN2022/095278
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵东黎
朱东明
李桐
付小莲
张园华
徐新学
龚士平
焦剑英
全浩
黄剑宇
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中铁九桥工程有限公司
中铁高新工业股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023109014A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023109014A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/12—Underwater drilling
    • E21B7/136—Underwater drilling from non-buoyant support
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/18—Placing by vibrating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
    • E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
    • E21B15/02—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts specially adapted for underwater drilling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of steel pipe pile construction, in particular to a construction equipment and a construction method for steel pipe piles on bare rock riverbeds.
  • Trestles or platforms in water often require steel pipe piles as the supporting foundation.
  • the conventional implementation method is to insert a vibratory hammer to meet the bearing capacity requirements.
  • the necessary condition for using a vibratory hammer to insert is that the inserted part must have a certain thickness of covering layer.
  • the specific implementation process includes: placing a heavy hammer or impact Drilling and transporting to the pile loading position, insert and drive the steel casing first, then use the steel casing as a guide to drill holes in the steel casing with a heavy hammer or impact, and then pour concrete to anchor the steel pipe piles. Due to the need to use steel casings for positioning, it is difficult to clean up the waste slag generated during the drilling process, and the construction efficiency is low. Moreover, underwater concrete anchors need to be poured after the drilling, which consumes a lot of materials and high construction costs.
  • the present invention aims to provide a construction equipment for steel pipe piles on bare rock riverbeds to solve the technical problems of low construction efficiency and high construction cost of steel pipe piles under the existing bare rock geological conditions.
  • a construction equipment for steel pipe piles on bare rock riverbeds comprising a revolving mechanism and a steel pipe drill bit
  • the revolving mechanism includes a drill rod, one end of the drill rod is connected with the steel pipe drill bit, and the outer shape of the steel pipe drill bit is the same as that of the steel pipe pile The shape is the same, and the steel pipe drill bit is provided with drill teeth at the end far away from the drill rod.
  • the steel pipe pile construction equipment on the bare rock riverbed of the present invention drives the steel pipe drill bit through the drill rod of the gyration mechanism to realize rotary excavation.
  • the outer shape of the steel pipe drill bit is the same as that of the steel pipe pile.
  • the role of the medium steel casing is to isolate the soil and water inside and outside the steel pipe drill bit.
  • the drill teeth on the steel pipe drill bit compact the rock and soil during the drilling process.
  • the steel pipe pile hole The waste slag is carried out to realize the rapid cleaning of the rock and soil at the hole position of the steel pipe pile, and the construction efficiency is high; the steel pipe drill bit is driven to rotate to replace the existing steel casing and the technology of setting a heavy hammer or impact drill in the steel casing
  • the slewing mechanism drives the steel pipe drill bit to lift slag, under the action of water flow and soil side pressure, the hole after the steel pipe drill bit is pulled out will silt back and form a new covering layer, the subsequent vibration sinking construction of steel pipe piles can be conveniently carried out.
  • the construction of steel pipe piles by using the bare rock riverbed steel pipe pile construction equipment of the present invention saves the process of inserting steel casings and pouring concrete in steel casings, greatly improving construction efficiency and reducing construction costs ; Compared with the existing heavy hammer and impact drill, the use of the rotary mechanism can also improve the work efficiency of the hole.
  • steel plates are provided at intervals on the circumferential side wall of the steel pipe drill bit away from the end of the drill rod to form the drill teeth.
  • the revolving mechanism is a high-torque revolving mechanism, and the revolving mechanism further includes a frame and a track, the drill pipe is fixed on the frame, and the frame is slidably arranged on the track.
  • the swivel mechanism further includes a first flange and a second flange, the first flange is connected to the end of the drill rod close to the steel pipe drill bit, and the steel pipe drill bit is close to the drill bit.
  • One end of the rod is provided with the second flange, and the first flange is connected with the second flange.
  • the slewing mechanism also includes a bottom plate, which is suitable for being set on a construction platform, and the construction platform includes Bailey sheets, beams and the steel pipe piles, and the steel pipe piles are provided with all Said Bailey sheet, said Bailey sheet is supported by said beam;
  • the construction platform adopts buoyant tanks, and the buoyant tanks are located on both sides of the holes of the steel pipe piles.
  • the revolving mechanism further includes a positioning plate, the positioning plate is slidably arranged on the track, the positioning plate is provided with a positioning hole, and the drill rod is suitable for sports;
  • the positioning plate includes a plurality of sub-plates spliced in sequence, and the sub-plates are provided with arc-shaped grooves, and each of the arc-shaped grooves surrounds and forms the positioning hole.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bare rock river bed steel pipe pile construction method, adopt above-mentioned bare rock river bed steel pipe pile construction equipment, comprise the following steps:
  • the drill rod of the gyration mechanism is used to drive the steel pipe drill bit to rotate and excavate the pilot hole, and then the steel pipe station head is pulled up, and the steel pipe drill bit is pulled out under the action of the water flow and the side pressure of the soil layer.
  • the silt will return to the hole after the hole, forming a new covering layer, and the subsequent vibration sinking construction of the steel pipe pile can be carried out conveniently.
  • the steel casing forms It can only be fixed by pouring and anchoring steel pipe piles. Using the construction method of steel pipe piles on the bare rock riverbed of this application saves the insertion of steel casings and concrete pouring and anchoring, which can greatly improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs. .
  • the process of aligning the drilling rod and the steel pipe drill bit of the revolving mechanism of the steel pipe pile construction equipment on the bare rock riverbed to the center of the steel pipe pile hole includes:
  • the revolving mechanism moves so that the hole position of the drill rod is consistent with the hole position of the steel pipe pile, and the steel pipe drill bit is connected to one end of the drill rod, and the hole center position of the steel pipe drill bit is remeasured. Until the hole center position of the steel pipe drill bit corresponds to the hole position center of the steel pipe pile.
  • the process of drilling to a predetermined depth includes: the rotary mechanism connects a shorter drill pipe, and when the steel pipe drill drills until the shorter drill pipe contacts the soil layer, replace For longer drill pipes, repeat S1.
  • the predetermined depth is greater than the pile depth of the steel pipe pile.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the bare rock riverbed steel pipe pile construction equipment of the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the positioning plate of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the structure schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the steel pipe pile construction equipment on the bare rock riverbed of the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the steel pipe pile construction equipment on the bare rock riverbed according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a coordinate system XYZ is set, where the positive direction of the X-axis represents the left direction, the reverse direction of the X-axis represents the right direction, the positive direction of the Y-axis represents the front, the reverse direction of the Y-axis represents the rear, and the positive direction of the Z-axis represents the upward direction , the reverse of the Z axis represents down.
  • a kind of bare rock riverbed steel pipe pile construction equipment is used for constructing steel pipe piles 33, and includes a revolving mechanism 1 and a steel pipe drill bit 2, and the revolving mechanism 1 includes a drill pipe 11.
  • the output end of the drill rod 11 is connected with the steel pipe drill bit 2
  • the outer shape of the steel pipe drill bit 2 is the same as that of the steel pipe pile 33
  • the steel pipe drill bit 2 is provided with a drill tooth 21 at the end far away from the drill rod 11 .
  • the drill pipe 11 and the steel pipe drill bit 2 are arranged along the direction shown by the Z axis, and the steel pipe pile 33 is planted on the bare rock river bed along the direction shown by the Z axis.
  • the drill pipe 11 of the revolving mechanism 1 adopts segmental design, and according to factors such as the length of the steel pipe pile 33 to be planted, the water depth and the height of the construction platform 3, the drill pipe 11 is lengthened in sections, and the drill pipe 11 is located at Above the soil layer, the soil layer cannot be inserted, so as to avoid drilling, the top of the steel pipe pile hole 4 will return to break the drill pipe 11, which is also unfavorable for pulling out after drilling.
  • the lower end of the drill rod 11 is detachably connected with a steel pipe drill bit 2, the steel pipe drill bit 2 has a cylindrical structure, the diameter of the steel pipe drill bit 2 is the same as that of the steel pipe pile, and the wall thickness of the steel pipe drill bit 2 is 12-16mm.
  • the steel pipe drill bit 2 is located in the soil layer. Generally, after the steel pipe drill bit 2 is pulled, the steel pipe pile hole 4 will return to form a certain thickness of covering layer, so the length of the steel pipe drill bit 2 needs to be designed to be longer than the steel pipe pile hole.
  • the penetration depth of the pipe pile is 2-3m, the diameter of the steel pipe pile hole can be in the range of 0.6-1.5m, and the depth of the hole can reach 10m, and the subsequent steel pipe pile insertion and anchoring performance is good.
  • the drill pipe 11 of the revolving mechanism 1 drives the steel pipe drill bit 2 to drill the steel pipe pile hole underwater, and then the drill pipe 11 pulls the steel pipe drill bit 2, and the steel pipe pile hole 4 will return to form a covering layer, and then the steel pipe pile Steel pipe piles are inserted into hole 4, and the method of inserting and driving with a vibratory hammer is used to realize the pile construction of steel pipe piles.
  • the steel pipe drill bit 2 is rotated by the revolving mechanism 1 to realize digging, and the steel pipe drill bit 2 is drilling. It also plays the role of the existing steel casing to isolate the soil and water inside and outside the steel pipe drill bit, and no additional steel casing is required. After pulling the steel pipe drill bit 2, it can be conveniently returned, without additional pouring of concrete, and the lithology of the formation is utilized.
  • the vibration sinking of the pipe pile 33 can only sink along the original drilled hole position, and the rock formation at the hole position is compacted, which solves the problem of insertion and anchoring of the steel pipe pile under the bare rock river bed geology, and the construction efficiency is as high as 2-4m/hour.
  • the speed is determined according to the hardness of the rock formation, and its construction efficiency greatly exceeds the efficiency of percussion drilling and punching, and has little impact on the surrounding geology. Compared with heavy hammer impact, the drilling hole position accuracy is higher, and the hole position deviation is avoided.
  • the steel pipe drill bit 2 is provided with a drill tooth 21 at the end far away from the drill rod 11, so During the drilling process of the steel pipe drill bit 2, on the one hand, the drill teeth 21 increase the cutting force on the soil layer; The slag can be carried out, the hole cleaning efficiency is high, the construction cost is reduced, no additional construction process is added, and the construction efficiency is improved.
  • the steel pipe pile hole position 4 is positioned by moving the drill pipe positioning hole, and the drilling hole position accuracy is high.
  • the drilling depth is determined by measuring the length of the drill pipe 11. The construction is simple and convenient, and oblique holes and hole position deviations are also avoided. And other issues.
  • the steel pipe drill bit 2 is provided with steel plates at intervals on the circumferential side wall of the end away from the drill rod 11 to form the drill teeth 21 .
  • the steel plate is arranged obliquely to improve the cutting strength of the soil layer.
  • the steel plate adopts the specification of 20mm ⁇ 50mm ⁇ 100mm, and the steel plate can be welded and fixed on the circumferential side wall of the steel pipe drill bit 2. 21 welding quality to ensure the drilling efficiency of the steel pipe drill bit 2.
  • the revolving mechanism 1 is a high-torque revolving mechanism, and the revolving mechanism 1 also includes a frame 12 and a track 13, the drill rod 11 is fixed on the frame 12, and the frame 12 is slidably set on the track 13.
  • the hole-forming efficiency is higher by adopting the high-torque rotary mechanism.
  • the torque and rotational speed of the high-torque rotary mechanism can refer to the GQ-15 rotary drill design.
  • the frame 12 is H-shaped, the rails 13 are arranged along the direction shown by the Y axis and there are two rails, the frame 12 straddles the rails 13, and the frame 12 The left and right sides are respectively slidably connected with the corresponding rails 13 .
  • the frame 12 can slide back and forth along the track 13 with the drill pipe 11 (the front and back direction is also the direction shown by the Y axis).
  • the Moving the position of the drill pipe 11 realizes the autonomous movement of the revolving mechanism 1, and can complete the planting of the steel pipe piles 33 at different positions on the same track without resorting to other hoisting equipment.
  • the swivel mechanism 1 further includes a first flange 14 and a second flange 15, the drill pipe 11 is connected to the first flange 14 at an end close to the steel pipe drill bit 2, and the steel pipe 11
  • the drill bit 2 is provided with the second flange 15 at one end close to the drill rod 11
  • the first flange 14 is connected to the second flange 15 .
  • a first flange 14 is installed on the lower end of the drill rod 11, and a second flange 15 is installed on the top of the steel pipe drill bit 2.
  • the detachable connection between the drill bit 2 and the drill rod 11 can facilitate the replacement of the steel pipe drill bit 2 according to the drilling depth.
  • the slewing mechanism 1 further includes a bottom plate 16, which is suitable for being arranged on the construction platform 3, and the construction platform 3 includes a Bailey sheet 31, a beam 32 and the steel pipe pile 33, the The Bailey sheet 31 is provided between the steel pipe piles 33, and the Bailey sheet 31 is supported by the beam 32;
  • the construction platform 3 adopts buoyant tanks 34 , and the buoyant tanks 34 are suitable for being located on both sides of the holes 4 of the steel pipe piles.
  • the steel pipe pile construction equipment on the bare rock riverbed is placed on the construction platform 3.
  • the construction platform 3 can be a temporary drilling platform set on the trestle platform 5 that has been set up, or the steel pipe pile hole 4 Both sides are provided with floating tanks 34, as shown in Figure 3-4.
  • the bridge deck of the platform is 30m wide and 225m long.
  • the riverbed geology is mainly basalt, which is a porphyritic structure with almond-shaped pores, and steel pipe piles cannot sink by vibrating hammer.
  • the steel pipe pile 33, the Bailey sheet 31 and the beam 32 are used to set up a temporary drilling platform, and the bare rock riverbed steel pipe pile construction equipment is installed on the temporary construction platform 3 to realize the construction of the steel pipe pile.
  • buoyancy tanks 34 can be directly set up on both sides of the steel pipe piles 33 to be planted, and the revolving mechanism 1 of the steel pipe pile construction equipment on the bare rock riverbed is straddled on the two buoyant tanks 34 , utilizing the buoyancy box 34 to support the steel pipe pile construction equipment on the bare rock river bed.
  • the revolving mechanism 1 further includes a positioning plate 17, the positioning plate 17 is slidably disposed on the track 13, the positioning plate 17 is provided with a positioning hole 171, and the drill rod 11 is suitable for Move in the direction of the center line of the positioning hole 171;
  • the positioning plate 17 includes a plurality of sub-plates spliced in sequence, and the sub-plates are provided with arc-shaped grooves, and each of the arc-shaped grooves surrounds and forms the positioning hole 171 .
  • the positioning plate 17 is slidably arranged on the track 13.
  • the positioning plate 17 slides away from the drill pipe 11.
  • slide the positioning plate 17 so that the drilling rod 11 passes through the positioning hole 171 on the positioning plate 17, and the range of motion of the drilling rod 11 is limited by the positioning hole 171 to avoid The drill rod 11 shakes during the drilling process, which improves the drilling accuracy.
  • the positioning plate 17 is arranged to be formed by splicing two separate sub-plates
  • the two sub-boards are slidingly connected to the two rails 13 respectively, and the opposite sides of the two sub-boards are provided with arc-shaped grooves, and the two arc-shaped grooves are butted to form a circular positioning hole 171, so as to limit the drill rod 11 in the positioning hole 171.
  • reinforcing ribs can be provided at the bottom of the positioning plate 17 .
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a construction method for bare rock riverbed steel pipe piles, using the bare rock riverbed steel pipe pile construction equipment, comprising the following steps:
  • the process of aligning the drilling rod 11 and the steel pipe drill bit 2 of the revolving mechanism 1 of the bare rock riverbed steel pipe pile construction equipment with the center of the steel pipe pile hole 4 includes: the revolving mechanism 1 moves to make the The hole position drilled by the drill rod 11 is consistent with the hole position 4 of the steel pipe pile, and the steel pipe drill bit 2 is connected to one end of the drill rod 11, and the center position of the hole of the steel pipe drill bit 2 is remeasured until the steel pipe pile The hole center position of the drill bit 2 corresponds to the center of the steel pipe pile hole 4; afterward, the steel pipe drill bit 2 is lowered to the riverbed surface 6, and the positioning plate 17 is moved so that the drill rod 11 passes through the positioning hole 171. Go through and start drilling.
  • the shorter drill pipe 11 is first connected.
  • the rotary mechanism 1 When the rotary mechanism 1 is used to drive the steel pipe drill bit 2 to drill to a certain depth, it generally means that the upper end surface of the steel pipe drill bit 2 is in contact with the soil layer, or the steel pipe drill bit 2 with a shorter length is in contact with the soil layer. The lower end surface of the drill rod 11 is in contact with the soil layer.
  • the drilling construction can no longer be carried out. It is necessary to lift the steel pipe drill bit 2 and replace the longer drill rod 11.
  • the previous drill bit 11 can be selected.
  • the rod 11 is extended by a section to increase the length of the drill rod 11, and then the steel pipe drill bit 2 is lowered for drilling, and this process is repeated in turn until the drilling depth is 2m greater than the design anchoring depth of the steel pipe pile 33.
  • the reason why the depth of borehole is designed larger is to return to the hole in the hole after the steel pipe drill bit 2 is pulled for convenience, so as to facilitate piles. If the drilling depth is equal to or less than the designed anchoring depth of the steel pipe pile 33, after the steel pipe drill bit 2 is pulled out, the drilling depth becomes smaller, which is inconvenient for construction.
  • the steel pipe pile 33 is lifted by a crane, and the steel pipe pile 33 is placed in the steel pipe pile hole 4, and hammered with a vibrating hammer, so that the steel pipe pile 33 sinks to the designed anchorage depth.
  • the construction method of the steel pipe pile on the bare rock riverbed also includes step S4, the drill rod 11 of the revolving mechanism 1 moves along the length direction of the track 13, so that the drill rod 11 is aligned with the next steel pipe pile hole 4 , carry out the construction of next steel pipe pile 33.

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Abstract

一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备及其施工方法，裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备包括回旋机构（1）及钢管钻头（2），回旋机构（1）包括钻杆（11），钻杆（11）的一端连接有钢管钻头（2），钢管钻头（2）的外部形状与钢管桩（33）形状相同，钢管钻头（2）在远离钻杆（11）的一端设有钻齿（21）。裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备的钢管钻头（2）一方面起到钢护筒的作用，另一方面钢管钻头（2）上的钻齿（21）在钻孔的过程中，挤密岩土，在钻杆（11）提拉钢管钻头（2）时将钢管桩（33）孔位内的废渣带出，实现钢管桩（33）孔位的方便清理，施工效率高；由于没有额外设置钢护筒，钢管钻头（2）提渣后，在水流、土层侧压力的作用下，钢管钻头（2）拔出后的孔内会回淤，形成覆盖层，方便钢管桩（33）的振动下沉施工。

Description

一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备及施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及钢管桩施工技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备及施工方法。
背景技术
水中栈桥或平台往往需要钢管桩作为支撑基础，常规的实施方法为振动锤插打以满足承载力要求，采用振动锤插打施工的必要条件为插打部位必须具有一定厚度的覆盖层。对于浅覆盖层，例如裸岩或卵石、孤石、漂石等地质条件，无法通过振动锤插打实现，需要通过人造覆盖层或者引孔栽桩实现，具体实施过程包括：将重锤或冲击钻运至载桩位置，先插打钢护筒，接着以钢护筒为导向在钢护筒内采用重锤或冲击钻成孔，之后浇筑混凝土以锚固钢管桩。由于需要借助钢护筒引孔定位，导致引孔过程中产生的废渣难以清理，施工效率低，而且引孔后还需要灌注水下混凝土锚固，耗费材料多，施工成本高。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，以解决现有裸岩地质条件下，钢管桩栽桩施工效率低、施工成本高的技术问题。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样的：
一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，包括回旋机构及钢管钻头，所述回旋机构包括钻杆，所述钻杆的一端连接有所述钢管钻头，所述钢管钻头的外部形状与钢管桩形状相同，所述钢管钻头在远离所述钻杆的一端设有钻齿。
本发明所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，通过回旋机构的钻杆驱动钢管钻头以实现旋转开挖，钢管钻头的外部形状与钢管桩形状相同，钢管钻头一方面起到现有技术中钢护筒的作用，隔绝钢管钻头内外土水，另一方面钢管钻头上的钻齿在钻孔的过程中，挤密岩土，在钻杆提拉钢管钻头时将钢管桩孔位内的废渣带出，实现钢管桩孔位的岩土快捷清理，施工效率高；通过钢管钻头被驱 动旋转，以取代现有的钢护筒及在钢护筒内设重锤或冲击钻的技术方案，由于没有额外设置钢护筒，钻孔完成且回旋机构带动钢管钻头提渣后，在水流、土层侧压力的作用下，钢管钻头拔出后的孔内会回淤，形成新的覆盖层，便可方便的进行后续钢管桩的振动下沉施工。采用本发明所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备进行钢管桩的施工，省去了插钢护筒及在钢护筒内浇筑混凝土等过程，极大提高了施工效率、降低了施工成本；采用回旋机构相较于现有的重锤和冲击钻，也能提高成孔的工效。
可选地，所述钢管钻头在远离所述钻杆一端的周向侧壁间隔设有钢板，以构成所述钻齿。
可选地，所述回旋机构为大扭矩回旋机构，所述回旋机构还包括机架及轨道，所述机架上固定有所述钻杆，所述机架滑动设置于所述轨道上。
可选地，所述回旋机构还包括第一法兰和第二法兰，所述钻杆在靠近所述钢管钻头的一端连接有所述第一法兰，所述钢管钻头在靠近所述钻杆的一端设有所述第二法兰，所述第一法兰与所述第二法兰连接。
可选地，所述回旋机构还包括底板，所述底板适于设置于施工平台上，所述施工平台包括贝雷片、横梁及所述钢管桩，所述钢管桩之间设有所述贝雷片，所述贝雷片通过所述横梁支撑；
或者，所述施工平台采用浮箱，所述浮箱位于钢管桩孔位两侧。
可选地，所述回旋机构还包括定位板，所述定位板滑动设置于所述轨道上，所述定位板上设有定位孔，所述钻杆适于沿所述定位孔的中心线方向运动；
所述定位板包括依次拼接的多块分板，所述分板上设有弧形槽，各所述弧形槽围合形成所述定位孔。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工方法，采用上述的裸岩 河床钢管桩施工设备，包括以下步骤：
S1：所述裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备的回旋机构的钻杆、钢管钻头对准钢管桩孔位中心，所述回旋机构的钻杆伸长以带动所述钢管钻头进行钻孔；
S2：钻孔至预定深度后，所述钻杆缩回以提升所述钢管钻头；
S3：起吊钢管桩至所述钢管桩孔位，振动下沉所述钢管桩。
本发明所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工方法，利用回旋机构的钻杆带动钢管钻头旋转开挖引孔，之后提拉钢管站头，在水流、土层侧压力作用下，钢管钻头拔出后的孔内会回淤，形成新的覆盖层，便可方便的进行后续钢管桩的振动下沉施工，而现有技术中，由于在钢护筒内挖孔，钢护筒形成围护作用，无法回於，只能通过浇筑锚固钢管桩，采用本申请的裸岩河床钢管桩施工方法，省去钢护筒插打、混凝土浇筑锚固，可极大提高施工效率、降低施工成本。
可选地，所述S1中，所述裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备的回旋机构的钻杆、钢管钻头对准钢管桩孔位中心的过程包括：
所述回旋机构移动以使所述钻杆钻孔的孔位与所述钢管桩孔位一致，在所述钻杆的一端连接所述钢管钻头，复测所述钢管钻头的孔中心位置，直至所述钢管钻头的孔中心位置与所述钢管桩孔位中心对应。
可选地，所述钻孔至预定深度的过程包括：所述回旋机构接长度较短的钻杆，当所述钢管钻头钻孔至长度较短的所述钻杆与土层接触时，更换长度较长的钻杆，重复所述S1。
可选地，所述S2中，所述预定深度大于所述钢管桩的栽桩深度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例的定位板的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备第一种实施方式结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备第二种实施方式结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1、回旋机构；11、钻杆；12、机架；13、轨道；14、第一法兰；15、第二法兰；16、底板；17、定位板；171、定位孔；2、钢管钻头；21、钻齿；3、施工平台；31、贝雷片；32、横梁；33、钢管桩；34、浮箱；4、钢管桩孔位；5、已搭设栈桥平台；6、河床面。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
在本发明的描述中，应当说明的是，各实施例中的术语名词例如“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”等指示方位的词语，只是为了简化描述基于说明书附图的位置关系，并不代表所指的元件和装置等必须按照说明书中特定的方位和限定的操作及方法、构造进行操作，该类方位名词不构成对本发明的限制。另外，在本发明的实施例中所提到的术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，并不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
本文中设置有坐标系XYZ，其中X轴的正向代表左方向，X轴的反向代表右方向，Y轴的正向代表前方，Y轴的反向代表后方，Z轴的正向代表上方，Z轴的反向代表下方。
如图1所示，本发明实施例的一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，用于施工钢 管桩33，包括回旋机构1及钢管钻头2，所述回旋机构1包括钻杆11，所述钻杆11的输出端连接有所述钢管钻头2，所述钢管钻头2的外部形状与钢管桩33形状相同，所述钢管钻头2在远离所述钻杆11的一端设有钻齿21。
在本实施例中，所述钻杆11、钢管钻头2沿Z轴所示方向设置，钢管桩33沿Z轴所示方向栽插在裸岩河床上。
所述回旋机构1的钻杆11采用分节段设计，根据需要栽设的钢管桩33的长度、水深及施工平台3的高度等因素，分节段接长钻杆11，钻杆11位于土层上方，不可插入土层，以免钻孔的过程中，钢管桩孔位4上方回於以折断钻杆11，也不利于钻孔后的拔出。所述钻杆11下端可拆卸式连接有钢管钻头2，所述钢管钻头2呈圆柱形结构，所述钢管钻头2的直径与钢管桩直径相同，钢管钻头2的壁厚为12-16mm，钢管钻头2位于土层内，一般地，由于在提拉钢管钻头2后，钢管桩孔位4内会回於，形成一定厚度的覆盖层，故需要将钢管钻头2的长度设计得比钢管桩入土深度大2-3m，钢管桩孔的直径可在0.6-1.5m范围内，孔的深度可达10m，后续钢管桩插打锚固性能好。
回旋机构1的钻杆11带动钢管钻头2在水下钻钢管桩孔，然后钻杆11提拉钢管钻头2，钢管桩孔位4内会回於，形成覆盖层，然后向钢管桩孔位4内插入钢管桩，采用振动锤插打的方式以实现钢管桩的栽桩施工，相较于现有的先插钢护筒，再在钢护筒内冲孔，最后混凝土浇筑并锚固钢管桩的施工过程而言，采用本实施例所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，利用回旋机构1带动钢管钻头2旋转即可实现挖孔，钢管钻头2在钻孔的同时还起到现有钢护筒的作用，隔绝钢管钻头内外土水，不用再额外设置钢护筒，提拉钢管钻头2之后，可方便回於，不用额外浇筑混凝土，利用地层的岩性，钢管桩33振动下沉只能沿原钻孔孔位下沉，挤密孔位岩层，解决了钢管桩裸岩河床地质下的插打及锚固难 题，施工效率高达2-4m/小时，具体速度根据岩层的硬度确定，其施工工效大大超过了冲击钻冲孔的效率，且对周边的地质的影响小。相较于重锤冲击，其钻孔孔位精度更高，避免孔位偏斜。
为了避免在提拉钢管钻头2后，所述钢管桩孔位4内渣土能够快速清理，进一步提高施工效率，所述钢管钻头2在远离所述钻杆11的一端设钻齿21，所述钢管钻头2在钻孔的过程中，钻齿21一方面增大了对土层的切削力度，另一方面钻齿21的齿间会逐步被渣土充满，提拉所述钢管钻头2，即可将渣土携带出来，清孔效率高，降低施工费用，没有增加额外的施工工序，提高施工效率。
施工中，通过移动钻杆定位孔进行钢管桩孔位4定位，钻孔孔位精度高，通过测量钻杆11长度确定钻孔深度，施工简易方便，也避免出现斜孔、孔位偏位等问题。
可选地，所述钢管钻头2在远离所述钻杆11一端的周向侧壁间隔设有钢板，以构成所述钻齿21。
在本实施例中，所述钢板倾斜设置，提高对土层的切削强度，钢板采用20mm×50mm×100mm规格，钢板可焊接固定在钢管钻头2的周向侧壁上，需检测所述钻齿21的焊接质量，以保证钢管钻头2的钻孔效率。
可选地，所述回旋机构1为大扭矩回旋机构，所述回旋机构1还包括机架12及轨道13，所述机架12上固定有所述钻杆11，所述机架12滑动设置于所述轨道13上。
在本实施例中，采用大扭矩回旋机构相较于现有的重锤或冲击钻成孔而言，其成孔效率更高。大扭矩回旋机构的扭矩和转速可参照GQ-15型回旋钻设计。
示例性地，所述机架12呈H型，所述轨道13沿Y轴所示方向设置且设有 两根，所述机架12跨设在所述轨道13上，所述机架12的左右两侧分别与对应的所述轨道13滑动连接。
所述机架12可带着所述钻杆11沿所述轨道13前后(前后方向也即Y轴所示方向)滑动，当当前孔位的钢管桩33安装完成后，通过所述轨道13移动所述钻杆11位置，实现回旋机构1的自主移动，能够完成同一轨道上不同位置处的钢管桩33的栽插，无需借助其他吊装设备。
可选地，所述回旋机构1还包括第一法兰14和第二法兰15，所述钻杆11在靠近所述钢管钻头2的一端连接有所述第一法兰14，所述钢管钻头2在靠近所述钻杆11的一端设有所述第二法兰15，所述第一法兰14与所述第二法兰15连接。
在本实施例中，所述钻杆11的下端安装有第一法兰14，所述钢管钻头2的上方安装有第二法兰15，通过第一法兰14与第二法兰15实现钢管钻头2与钻杆11之间的可拆卸连接，可方便根据钻孔深度更换钢管钻头2。
可选地，所述回旋机构1还包括底板16，所述底板16适于设置于施工平台3上，所述施工平台3包括贝雷片31、横梁32及所述钢管桩33，所述钢管桩33之间设有所述贝雷片31，所述贝雷片31通过所述横梁32支撑；
或者，所述施工平台3采用浮箱34，所述浮箱34适于位于钢管桩孔位4两侧。
在本实施例中，所述裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备置于施工平台3上，施工平台3可为在已搭设栈桥平台5上设置的临时钻孔平台，或者在钢管桩孔位4两侧设置浮箱34，如图3-4所示。
示例性地，云南宜昭高速白水江特大桥钢梁拼装平台中，该平台桥面宽30m，长225m，搭设区域河道水深5-7m,水位高程577.8m，河床底有孤石乱石较多， 无覆盖层，河床地质主要为玄武岩，为斑状结构，气孔杏仁状构造，钢管桩无法依靠振动锤插打下沉。采用钢管桩33、贝雷片31及横梁32搭设临时钻孔平台，在该临时施工平台3上安装裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，实现钢管桩的施工。
当然，在钢管支架工程中，可直接在栽插的钢管桩33两侧搭设浮箱34，所述裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备的回旋机构1跨设在两个所述浮箱34上，利用浮箱34托起裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备。
可选地，所述回旋机构1还包括定位板17，所述定位板17滑动设置于所述轨道13上，所述定位板17上设有定位孔171，所述钻杆11适于沿所述定位孔171的中心线方向运动；
所述定位板17包括依次拼接的多块分板，所述分板上设有弧形槽，各所述弧形槽围合形成所述定位孔171。
在本实施例中，所述定位板17滑动设置于轨道13上，当所述钻杆11下放所述钢管钻头2时，所述定位板17向远离所述钻杆11方向滑离，当所述钢管钻头2下放到水中后，滑动所述定位板17，使得所述钻杆11从定位板17上的定位孔171中穿过，通过所述定位孔171限制钻杆11的活动范围，避免钻杆11在钻孔的过程中发生晃动，提高钻孔的精度。
为了使得在前后移动所述定位板17的过程中，所述钻杆11能从所述定位孔171穿过，如图2所示，将定位板17设置成由两块分离的分板拼接形成的，两块所述分板分别与两个所述轨道13滑动连接，两块所述分板相对的一侧设有弧形槽，两个所述弧形槽对接围成圆形的定位孔171，以将所述钻杆11限制在所述定位孔171内。
为了提高所述定位板17的强度，可在所述定位板17的底部设置加强筋。
本发明另一实施例提供一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工方法，采用所述的裸岩河 床钢管桩施工设备，包括以下步骤：
S1：所述裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备的回旋机构1的钻杆11、钢管钻头2对准钢管桩孔位4中心，所述回旋机构1的钻杆11伸长以带动所述钢管钻头2进行钻孔。
在本步骤中，所述裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备的回旋机构1的钻杆11、钢管钻头2对准钢管桩孔位4中心的过程包括：所述回旋机构1移动以使所述钻杆11钻孔的孔位与所述钢管桩孔位4一致，在所述钻杆11的一端连接所述钢管钻头2，复测所述钢管钻头2的孔中心位置，直至所述钢管钻头2的孔中心位置与所述钢管桩孔位4中心对应；之后，下放所述钢管钻头2至河床面6，移动所述定位板17使得所述钻杆11从所述定位孔171中穿过，开始钻孔施工。
S2：钻孔至预定深度后，所述钻杆11缩回以提升所述钢管钻头2。
在本步骤中，先接较短的钻杆11，当采用回旋机构1带动钢管钻头2钻孔至一定深度，一般是指所述钢管钻头2的上端面与土层接触，或者长度较短的所述钻杆11的下端面与土层接触，此时，不能再进行钻孔施工，需要提起所述钢管钻头2，并更换较长的钻杆11，本实施例中可选择在之前的钻杆11上接长一节，以增加钻杆11的长度，接着再下放钢管钻头2进行钻孔，依次重复此过程，直至钻孔深度满足比所述钢管桩33的设计锚固深度大2m。
之所以将钻孔深度设计的大一些，是为了方便在钢管钻头2提拉之后，孔内回於，方便栽桩。若所述钻孔深度等于或小于所述钢管桩33的设计锚固深度，则在拔出钢管钻头2之后，钻孔回於，插桩深度变小，不便于施工。
S3：起吊钢管桩33至所述钢管桩孔位4，振动下沉所述钢管桩33。
在本步骤中，采用吊机起吊钢管桩33，将钢管桩33放置钢管桩孔位4后，配合振动锤捶打，使得所述钢管桩33下沉至设计锚固深度。
进一步地，裸岩河床钢管桩施工方法还包括步骤S4，回旋机构1的所述钻杆11沿所述轨道13长度方向移动，使得所述钻杆11对准下一钢管桩孔位4，进行下一根钢管桩33的施工。
虽然本公开披露如上，但本公开的保护范围并非仅限于此。本领域技术人员在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的前提下，可进行各种变更与修改，这些变更与修改均将落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，其特征在于，包括回旋机构(1)及钢管钻头(2)，所述回旋机构(1)包括钻杆(11)，所述钻杆(11)的输出端连接有所述钢管钻头(2)，所述钢管钻头(2)的外部形状与钢管桩(33)形状相同，所述钢管钻头(2)在远离所述钻杆(11)的一端设有钻齿(21)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，其特征在于，所述钢管钻头(2)在远离所述钻杆(11)一端的周向侧壁间隔设有钢板，以构成所述钻齿(21)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，其特征在于，所述回旋机构(1)为大扭矩回旋机构，所述回旋机构(1)还包括机架(12)及轨道(13)，所述机架(12)上固定有所述钻杆(11)，所述机架(12)滑动设置于所述轨道(13)上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，其特征在于，所述回旋机构(1)还包括第一法兰(14)和第二法兰(15)，所述钻杆(11)在靠近所述钢管钻头(2)的一端连接有所述第一法兰(14)，所述钢管钻头(2)在靠近所述钻杆(11)的一端设有所述第二法兰(15)，所述第一法兰(14)与所述第二法兰(15)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，其特征在于，所述回旋机构(1)还包括底板(16)，所述底板(16)适于设置于施工平台(3)上，所述施工平台(3)包括贝雷片(31)、横梁(32)及所述钢管桩(33)，所述钢管桩(33)之间设有所述贝雷片(31)，所述贝雷片(31)通过所述横梁(32)支撑；
    或者，所述施工平台(3)采用浮箱(34)，所述浮箱(34)适于位于钢管 桩孔位(4)两侧。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，其特征在于，所述回旋机构(1)还包括定位板(17)，所述定位板(17)滑动设置于所述轨道(13)上，所述定位板(17)上设有定位孔(171)，所述钻杆(11)适于沿所述定位孔(171)的中心线方向运动；
    所述定位板(17)包括依次拼接的多块分板，所述分板上设有弧形槽，各所述弧形槽围合形成所述定位孔(171)。
  7. 一种裸岩河床钢管桩施工方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-6任一项所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备，包括以下步骤：
    S1：所述裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备的回旋机构(1)的钻杆(11)、钢管钻头(2)对准钢管桩孔位(4)中心，所述回旋机构(1)的钻杆(11)伸长以带动所述钢管钻头(2)进行钻孔；
    S2：钻孔至预定深度后，所述钻杆(11)缩回以提升所述钢管钻头(2)；
    S3：起吊钢管桩(33)至所述钢管桩孔位(4)，振动下沉所述钢管桩(33)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工方法，其特征在于，所述S1中，所述裸岩河床钢管桩施工设备的回旋机构(1)的钻杆(11)、钢管钻头(2)对准钢管桩孔位中心的过程包括：
    所述回旋机构(1)移动以使所述钻杆(11)钻孔的孔位与所述钢管桩孔位(4)一致，在所述钻杆(11)的一端连接所述钢管钻头(2)，复测所述钢管钻头(2)的孔中心位置，直至所述钢管钻头(2)的孔中心位置与所述钢管桩孔位(4)中心对应。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工方法，其特征在于，所述钻孔至预定深度的过程包括：所述回旋机构(1)接长度较短的钻杆(11)，当所 述钢管钻头(2)钻孔至长度较短的所述钻杆(11)与土层接触时，更换长度较长的钻杆(11)，重复所述S1。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的裸岩河床钢管桩施工方法，其特征在于，所述S2中，所述预定深度大于所述钢管桩(33)的栽桩深度。
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