WO2023095845A1 - 溶菌方法、及び細菌検出方法 - Google Patents
溶菌方法、及び細菌検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
- C12M1/34—Measuring or testing with condition measuring or sensing means, e.g. colony counters
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/52—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from bacteria or Archaea
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
- C12Q1/37—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving peptidase or proteinase
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/12—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from bacteria
- C07K16/1203—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from bacteria from Gram-negative bacteria
- C07K16/1214—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from bacteria from Gram-negative bacteria from Pseudomonadaceae (F)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bacteriolysis method for lysing multiple types of bacterial groups in a specimen, and a bacterium detection method using the bacteriolysis method.
- the present invention further relates to a bacteriolytic agent, a lysis kit, and a bacterium detection kit for use in the bacteriolysis method.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 JP 2017-32579 and WO 2015/093544 disclose techniques for detecting Staphylococcus aureus by antigen-antibody reaction based on its ribosomal protein L7/L12. It is described that lysostaphin is sometimes used as a bacteriolytic agent to lyse bacteria in the sample.
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2015/093545 discloses a technique for detecting E. coli by an antigen-antibody reaction based on its ribosomal protein L7/L12. It is described to lyse the bacteria in the specimen.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 were unable to lyse multiple types of bacteria at the same time. For this reason, when detecting multiple types of bacteria at the same time, it is necessary to lyse each bacterial genus with a separate bacteriolytic agent, resulting in complicated and delayed bacteriolytic treatment.
- the gist of the present invention relates to, for example, the following.
- a method for lysing multiple types of bacterial groups containing at least one type of Gram-positive bacteria and/or Gram-negative bacteria in a specimen comprising a step of treating the specimen with a solution containing a surfactant and a lytic enzyme. wherein said surfactant is selected from amine oxides and quaternary ammoniums.
- the plurality of species of bacteria includes at least one or more Gram-positive bacteria and at least one or more Gram-negative bacteria.
- the surfactant is one or more amine oxides.
- amine oxide is N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (DDAO).
- DDAO N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide
- concentration of the amine oxide in the solution during treatment with the specimen is 0.01 to 0.2% by mass.
- surfactant is one or more quaternary ammonium salts.
- a method according to item 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is benzalkonium chloride.
- concentration of the quaternary ammonium salt in the solution during treatment with the specimen is 0.005 to 0.08% by mass.
- a method for detecting multiple types of bacterial groups in a specimen comprising: A step of lysing multiple types of bacteria in a sample by the method according to any one of items 1 to 13; A detection method comprising detecting with the resulting antibody.
- the method according to item 14 wherein the plurality of species of bacteria in the sample to be detected includes at least one or more Gram-positive bacteria and at least one or more Gram-negative bacteria.
- a method according to item 14 or 15, wherein the step of detecting is performed by immunochromatography.
- the method according to any one of items 14 to 16, wherein the bacterial antigen released by the lysing step is the L7 antigen.
- a lysis kit used in the method according to any one of items 1 to 13, for lysing multiple types of bacterial groups containing at least one type of Gram-positive bacteria and/or Gram-negative bacteria in a specimen comprising a surfactant and a lysis enzyme.
- a method for detecting the presence and/or abundance of bacteria in a specimen comprising: (I) a step of lysing bacteria in the specimen by the method according to any one of items 1 to 13; (II) Through an antigen-antibody reaction between the sample, the capturing antibody immobilized on the solid-phase carrier, and the labeling antibody having a label for detection, the antigen derived from the bacteria in the sample is captured and the antigen derived from the bacteria in the sample is captured.
- One of the capturing antibody and the labeling antibody is one or more general-purpose antibodies that cause an antigen-antibody reaction with antigens derived from bacteria of five or more genera including bacteria, and the capturing antibody and the labeling antibody A method, wherein the other of the antibodies is one or more specific antibodies that cause an antigen-antibody reaction with one or more genera of bacteria.
- a method according to item 20 wherein two or more types of bacteria in a specimen are detected at a single capturing antibody immobilization site.
- bacteria of multiple genera can be lysed at the same time, and the efficiency and speed of bacteriolysis can be improved. It becomes possible. As a result, detection of multiple genera of bacteria using intracellular antigens of bacteria and the like can be made more efficient and faster.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a strip-shaped detection mechanism, which is an example of a detection mechanism of a lateral flow type immunochromatography detection device.
- Figure 2 shows the final concentration of N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (DDAO) used as a surfactant when a specimen containing E. coli (EC) or Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is detected by immunochromatography. It shows the results of measuring the test line strength by changing.
- Fig. 3 shows the test line intensity measured by changing the final concentration of benzalkonium chloride used as a surfactant when a sample containing E. coli (EC) or Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is detected by immunochromatography.
- DDAO N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide
- FIG. 4 shows the test line intensity measured by immunochromatographic detection of a sample containing Staphylococcus aureus (SA), using DDAO as a surfactant and varying the final concentration of lysostaphin used as a lytic enzyme. Show the results.
- FIG. 4(a) shows all the data
- FIG. 4(b) shows the horizontal axis (lysostaphin final concentration) enlarged in the range of 0 to 1.0 ⁇ g/ml.
- FIG. 5 shows the test line intensity when detecting a sample containing Staphylococcus aureus (SA) by immunochromatography, using benzalkonium chloride as a surfactant and changing the final concentration of lysostaphin used as a lytic enzyme. (Fig. 5a).
- FIG. 5b shows a graph in which the horizontal axis of FIG. 5a is expanded to the range of 0-1.0 ⁇ g/ml.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for lysing multiple types of bacterial groups. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for detecting multiple types of bacterial groups in a specimen, comprising the step of lysing multiple types of bacterial groups. Still another aspect relates to a bacteriolysis agent or lysis kit used in the bacteriolysis method, and a bacterium detection kit for detecting multiple types of bacterial groups in a sample.
- the bacteriolysis method of the present invention includes a step of treating a specimen in a solution containing a surfactant and a lytic enzyme to lyse the above-mentioned plurality of bacterial groups present in the specimen.
- the bacteria lysed by the lysis method of the present invention are then subjected to immunological techniques.
- the immunological technique may be any detection technique using an antigen-antibody reaction such as immunochromatography, Western blotting, ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and immunoturbidimetry. Immunochromatography is preferred.
- the bacteriolysis method of the present invention can be said to be a bacteriolysis method for detection by an immunological technique.
- the step of lysing the plurality of types of bacteria may be any method as long as the sample is treated in a solution containing a surfactant and a lytic enzyme.
- a predetermined amount of a solution containing a surfactant and a predetermined amount of a solution containing a lytic enzyme to each predetermined amount of a sample, treatment in the solution containing the surfactant and the lytic enzyme is achieved. be done.
- Such treatment may be referred to as reaction.
- the reaction in the solution containing the analyte surfactant and lytic enzyme occurs if the analyte, surfactant, and lytic enzyme are present in the solution, and may optionally be mixed or stirred.
- the solution containing the surfactant and the solution containing the lytic enzyme may be provided as separate solutions or previously provided as one solution.
- at least one or both of the surfactant and lytic enzyme may be provided as a dry product and reconstituted in any liquid for use.
- Any such liquid may be a liquid sample.
- the liquid sample may be a sample itself that is liquid, or if the sample is solid, it may be a sample suspended in a liquid such as a buffer solution.
- a solution may be obtained by adding at least one or both of the surfactant and the lytic enzyme dried product directly to the liquid sample, or a solution obtained by adding the dried product to a liquid such as water may be used as the sample. may be reacted.
- a solution or dry product containing the lytic enzyme and/or surfactant may be provided in an encapsulated form.
- a solution may be formed by previously placing a dried surfactant and/or lytic enzyme or capsules in a container for holding a liquid sample, and then adding the liquid sample. Dry matter or capsules may be added separately to the liquid specimen.
- a dry product or capsule of a surfactant and a lytic enzyme is placed in the pad of an immunochromatographic strip, and when a liquid sample is applied to the strip, the reaction with the solution containing the surfactant and the lytic enzyme may be achieved.
- the reaction time in the solution containing the surfactant of the specimen and the lytic enzyme may be any time that causes bacteriolysis, for example, 10 seconds or longer, 30 seconds or longer, or 1 minute or longer. Although the upper limit of the reaction time is not particularly limited, it is preferably within 1 hour, within 30 minutes, within 10 minutes, or within 5 minutes from the viewpoint of performing the operation quickly.
- the specimen and the solution containing the surfactant and the lytic enzyme may be further stirred.
- the plurality of bacterial groups to be lysed are not limited, but are selected from at least one or more Gram-positive bacteria and at least one or more Gram-negative bacteria. More preferably, the multi-species bacterial group includes at least one or more Gram-positive bacteria and at least one or more Gram-negative bacteria. Even more preferably, the multi-species bacterial group includes bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, which are Gram-positive bacteria, and other bacteria.
- Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are classified by Gram staining, and are known to have significant differences in cell wall composition and structure. That is, they all contain peptidoglycan, but peptidoglycan forms a thick layer with teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid, and other proteins in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria, whereas the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria have peptidoglycan.
- the peptidoglycan is localized in a relatively thin layer, with an outer layer consisting of an outer leaflet composed of lipopolysaccharides and an inner leaflet composed of phospholipids.
- Gram-positive bacteria include, but are not limited to, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Bacteria such as Listeria and Clostridium can be mentioned. Among them, bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus or Bacillus are preferably included.
- Gram-negative bacteria include, but are not limited to Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Helicobacter, Legionella. , Campylobacter, Vibrio, Yersinia and other bacteria. Among them, bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia or Pseudomonas are preferably included.
- the specimen is preferably, but not limited to, a food or environmental specimen.
- a food sample refers to any sample obtained from any food or drink.
- the food sample may be the food product itself, or a sample obtained by diluting, crushing, swabbing and/or suspending the food product.
- An environmental analyte refers to any analyte obtained from the environment.
- An example is a sample that is swabbed from the surface of a material and dispersed in a solution.
- any surfactant can be used as the surfactant as long as it has a bacteriolytic action. be done.
- sodium dodecyl sulfate is a strong surfactant and can lyse almost all bacteria, but it destroys the structure of antibodies used in immunological techniques, so it is used in the lysis method of the present invention.
- Surfactants that do not interfere with immunological techniques after lysis, particularly immunochromatography include, but are not limited to, amine oxides, quaternary ammonium salts, aliphatic amine salts, betaine, and the like. Among them, amine oxides and quaternary ammonium salts are preferred.
- Amine oxides include, but are not limited to, N,N-dimethyl-C 8-20 alkyl-amine N-oxides (eg, N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide, N,N-dimethylcaprylamine N-oxide), pyridine N-oxide, N-methylmorpholine N-oxide and the like. Among them, N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide and the like are preferable.
- Quaternary ammonium salts include, but are not limited to, benzalkonium chloride (benzalkonium chloride), tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetrapropylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride. , benzyltriethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride and the like. Among them, benzalkonium chloride and the like are preferable.
- the concentration of the surfactant in the bacteriolysis of the present invention is not limited, but the concentration in the liquid during the reaction with the specimen is, for example, 0.005% by mass or more, or 0.01% by mass or more, or 0 02% by mass or more, and preferably 0.2% by mass or less, or 0.15% by mass or less, or 0.1% by mass or less, for example.
- the concentration of the amine oxide in the bacteriolysis method of the present invention is not limited.
- the concentration in the liquid during the reaction with is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, or 0.025% by mass or more, or 0.05% by mass or more.
- the concentration in the liquid during the reaction with the specimen is, for example, 0.2% by mass or less, or 0.15% by mass or less, or 0.1% by mass or less. is preferred.
- the concentration of the quaternary ammonium salt in the bacteriolysis method of the present invention is not limited.
- the concentration in the liquid during the reaction with is preferably 0.005% by mass or more, or 0.01% by mass or more, or 0.02% by mass or more. From the viewpoint of suppressing aggregation of the labeling antibody, it is preferably 0.08% by mass or less, 0.075% by mass or less, or 0.065% by mass or less.
- bacteriolytic enzymes include, but are not limited to, protein hydrolases, carbohydrate hydrolases, and the like.
- proteolytic enzymes include lysostaphin, pepsin, glucosidase, galactosidase, acromopeptidase and the like.
- Carbohydrate hydrolases include lysozyme, ⁇ -N-acetylglucosaminidase, and the like. Among them, proteolytic enzymes are preferred, and lysostaphin and the like are particularly preferred.
- the concentration of the bacteriolytic enzyme in the bacteriolysis method of the present invention is not limited, and may be appropriately selected according to the type of bacteriolytic enzyme.
- the concentration in the liquid at the time of reaction with the specimen is preferably 0.01 ⁇ g/mL or more, or 0.025 ⁇ g/mL or more, or 0.05 ⁇ g/mL or more, and is also tested by an immunological method.
- the concentration in the liquid during the reaction with the sample is preferably 5.0 ⁇ g/mL or less, 3.0 ⁇ g/mL or less, or 2.5 ⁇ g/mL or less.
- the lysis method of the present invention specifies that the specimen is reacted in a solution containing at least one surfactant and at least one lytic enzyme specified in the present invention
- the intended lytic effect is
- the solution may further contain one or more other components as long as they do not significantly impair the composition.
- Such other ingredients include, for example, nonionic surfactants, buffers, lysis promoters. These components may be added to facilitate lysis or to allow detection after lysis.
- a nonionic surfactant can be added for the purpose of ensuring the flow of a developing solution when immunochromatography is used after bacteriolysis.
- the nonionic surfactant is not limited, but any of ester ether type, ester type and ether type can be suitably used. More specifically, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene Alkyl phenyl ethers, fatty acid sorbitan esters, alkyl polyglucosides, fatty acid diethanolamides, alkyl monoglyceryl ethers and the like can be mentioned. Among them, Tween (registered trademark) , Triton (registered trademark) and the like are preferable.
- the concentration of the nonionic surfactant is limited as long as it does not significantly inhibit bacteriolysis in the bacteriolysis method of the present invention, detection by immunochromatography after bacteriolysis, and antigen-antibody reaction in immunoassay methods.
- the concentration in the liquid at the time of reaction with the specimen is preferably 0.03% by mass or more, or 0.05% by mass or more, or 0.1% by mass or more. From the viewpoint of not significantly inhibiting enzymatic reactions and antigen-antibody reactions, it is preferably 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, or 3% by mass or less.
- the buffer solution is not limited, but a buffer solution with a pH of 6.0 to 9.5 is preferable. From the viewpoint of maintaining lytic enzyme activity during bacteriolysis, maintaining antigen-antibody reaction activity in detection after bacteriolysis, and avoiding false positives, a pH of 6.4 or higher, or 6.9 or higher is preferable, and 9.0. or less, or a pH of 8.5 or less is preferred.
- buffers include, but are not limited to, Tris buffers, MOPSO buffers, HEPES buffers, citrate buffers, phosphate buffers, acetate buffers, and the like. Among them, Tris-HCl buffer, MOPSO buffer and the like are preferable.
- the lysis method of the present invention specifies that the specimen is reacted in a solution containing at least one surfactant and at least one lytic enzyme specified in the present invention.
- a solution containing a surfactant and a lytic enzyme is obtained by mixing a solution containing a surfactant and a solution containing a lytic enzyme.
- a solution containing a surfactant and a lytic enzyme may contain a dye to prevent accidental ingestion.
- the solution containing the surfactant and/or the solution containing the lytic enzyme may be colored by adding a dye in advance, and when the solution containing the surfactant and the solution containing the lytic enzyme are mixed, Coloring may be performed by adding a solution containing a dye. Solutions containing dyes include buffers.
- the dye can be selected so as not to interfere with the examination performed after bacteriolysis, for example any dye selected from red, blue, yellow and green can be used.
- any dye selected from red, blue, yellow and green can be used.
- colloidal gold exhibits a red coloration, so yellow, blue, or green coloring is preferable.
- the colorant any colorant may be used, but a water-soluble colorant is preferable, and a food colorant is preferable from the viewpoint of ensuring safety in the event of oral ingestion.
- bacteriolytic agent for lysing multiple types of bacterial groups containing at least one or more Gram-positive bacteria and/or Gram-negative bacteria in a specimen. Also related.
- a solution containing the lytic agent of the present invention is also referred to as a “reaction solution”.
- the lytic agent of the present invention contains at least a surfactant and a lytic enzyme.
- the bacteriolytic agent of the present invention may be provided in the form of a solution or in the form of a dry product.
- the bacteriolytic enzyme may be padded or encapsulated and provided in a dry matter or solution from the viewpoint of maintaining activity.
- the surfactant and lytic enzyme may be provided in the same form or in different forms. Lysing agents are usually provided as one formulation containing a surfactant and a lytic enzyme.
- a lysis kit includes one formulation containing a surfactant and a lytic enzyme (ie, a lytic agent) and a separate formulation of the surfactant and lytic enzyme.
- the bacteriolytic agent of the present invention may further contain one or more other components as long as it does not significantly impair the intended bacteriolytic effect, and may contain a pigment to prevent accidental ingestion.
- Such other ingredients include, for example, non-ionic detergents, buffers, lysis-enhancing agents, which are added to facilitate lysis or to allow detection after lysis. can be
- surfactants and lytic enzymes other ingredients, and pigments contained in the lytic agent, the ingredients described herein are used.
- Bacteria detection method One aspect of the present invention is a method for detecting a plurality of bacterial groups selected from at least one or more Gram-positive bacteria and at least one or more Gram-negative bacteria in a sample (hereinafter referred to as "bacteria of the present invention”). (referred to as “detection method”).
- the method for detecting bacteria of the present invention comprises the steps of lysing multiple genera of bacteria in a specimen, and extracting antigens of bacteria released from the lysed bacterial group by carrying out the lysis method of the present invention. and detection using an antibody that produces an antigen-antibody reaction. Therefore, the method for detecting bacteria of the present invention relates to immunological techniques using antibodies.
- Immunological methods include immunochromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoturbidimetry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), fluorescence immunoassay (FIA), etc. Any detection technique using a reaction may be used, but immunochromatography is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of easily examining the sample.
- the multiple species of bacteria detected by the bacteria detection method of the present invention relate to some or all of the bacteria lysed by the bacteriolysis method of the present invention.
- the antigen of the bacteria is preferably an intracellular antigen.
- the intracellular antigen is a substance whose antigen is the intracellular substance of bacteria released by the lysis method of the present invention. More specifically, from the viewpoint of detecting bacteria, the intracellular antigen is preferably a ribosomal protein, particularly L7/L12 protein.
- the L7/L12 ribosomal protein is one of the ribosomal proteins essential for protein synthesis in microorganisms, and is a protein commonly possessed by various bacteria.
- L7/L12 ribosomal proteins have high detection sensitivity because multiple molecules exist in cells.
- Antibodies that cause an antigen-antibody reaction against bacterial ribosomal proteins L7/L12 and methods for producing them are described in, for example, International Publication No. 2000/006603, which is a patent publication related to a previous patent application by the inventors of the present application. You can refer to it.
- Immunochromatography uses a labeling antibody with a label for detection and a capturing antibody immobilized on a strip. The labeling antibody and the capturing antibody each bind to intracellular antigens.
- an “antibody” is a protein that recognizes and binds to a specific antigen or substance, and is sometimes called immunoglobulin (Ig).
- a typical antibody usually has two light chains (light chains) and two heavy chains (heavy chains) inter-connected by disulfide bonds. There are two types of light chains, called ⁇ and ⁇ chains, and five types of heavy chains, called ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ chains. Depending on the type of heavy chain, antibodies have five isotypes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE, respectively.
- Each heavy chain comprises a heavy chain constant (CH) region and a heavy chain variable (VH) region.
- Each light chain comprises a light chain constant (CL) region and a light chain variable (VL) region.
- the light chain constant (CL) region is composed of a single domain.
- the heavy chain constant (CH) region is composed of three domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3.
- the light chain variable (VL) region and the heavy chain variable (VH) region each comprise four highly conserved regions (FR-1, FR-2, FR-3, FR-4) called framework regions (FR). and three hypervariable regions (CDR-1, CDR-2, CDR-3) called complementarity determining regions (CDRs).
- the heavy chain constant (CH) region has 3 CDRs (CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3) and 4 FRs (FR-H1, FR-H2, FR-H3, FR-H4), These are arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the order FR-H1, CDR-H1, FR-H2, CDR-H2, FR-H3, CDR-H3, FR-H4.
- the light chain constant (CL) region has 3 CDRs (CDR-L1, CDR-L2, CDR-L3) and 4 FRs (FR-L1, FR-L2, FR-L3, FR-L4), These are arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the order FR-L1, CDR-L1, FR-L2, CDR-L2, FR-L3, CDR-L3, FR-L4.
- the variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain the binding domains that interact with antigen.
- the antibody of the present invention may be either a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody, but is preferably a monoclonal antibody.
- a polyclonal antibody is an antibody usually prepared from the serum of an animal immunized with an antigen and is a mixture of various antibody molecular species with different structures.
- a monoclonal antibody refers to an antibody consisting of a single type of molecule containing a combination of light chain variable (VL) regions and heavy chain variable (VH) regions having specific amino acid sequences.
- Monoclonal antibodies can also be produced from clones derived from antibody-producing cells, but can also be produced by obtaining a nucleic acid molecule having a gene sequence that encodes the amino acids of the antibody protein and genetically engineering it using such a nucleic acid molecule. It is also possible to In addition, it is well known to those skilled in the art that genetic information such as heavy and light chains or their variable regions and CDRs are used to modify antibody binding properties and specificity. It is a known technique.
- Antibodies of the present invention may also be antibody fragments and/or derivatives.
- Antibody fragments include F(ab') 2 , Fab, Fv, and the like.
- Examples of antibody derivatives include antibodies in which amino acid mutations are artificially introduced into the constant region of the light chain and/or heavy chain, antibodies in which the domain structure of the constant region of the light chain and/or heavy chain is altered, and 2 per molecule.
- antibody or fragment or derivative thereof when the antibody or fragment or derivative thereof is derived from a non-human animal, a chimeric antibody or humanized antibody in which part or all of the sequence other than the CDRs is replaced with the corresponding sequence of a human antibody is also an antibody of the present invention.
- antibody used in the present invention also includes antibody fragments and/or derivatives.
- An antibody of the present invention produces an antigen-antibody reaction with a certain bacterium
- the bacterial component that serves as an antigen for the antibody of the present invention is not limited. It may be a component contained in the cell wall or cell membrane that is exposed outside the bacterial cell, or a component contained in the cytoplasm, cell organelle, nucleus, or the like that is not exposed outside the bacterial cell.
- the degree of antigen-antibody reaction between the antibody of the present invention and the bacterium to be detected is not particularly limited, it suffices that at least an antigen-antibody reaction that can be detected by some known detection method occurs.
- the antibody of the present invention preferably does not cross-react with one or more non-bacterial components that may be present in the sample.
- non-bacterially derived components include, but are not limited to, various bio-organic compounds derived from, for example, viruses, plants, and/or animals, which are not possessed by bacteria.
- bioorganic compounds include proteins, sugars, glycoproteins, lipids, complex lipids, nucleic acids and the like.
- the antibody of the present invention comprises at least one, or two or more, usually three or more, further four or more, or five or more, or six or more, or seven or more of these non-bacterial-derived components, Alternatively, it preferably does not cross-react with 8 or more, especially 9 or more, especially 10 or more non-bacterial components.
- the antibody of the present invention is not limited as long as it undergoes an antigen-antibody reaction with the bacterium to be detected. is preferably used in combination with a universal antibody and a specific antibody. It is preferable that a universal antibody causes an antigen-antibody reaction with as many genera of bacteria as possible. Specifically, a universal antibody produces an antigen-antibody reaction with at least four genera of bacteria. Among them, it is preferable to generate an antigen-antibody reaction with at least five or more genera of bacteria, and more preferably to generate an antigen-antibody reaction with at least six or more genera of bacteria.
- the specific genus of bacteria in which the general-purpose antibody produces an antigen-antibody reaction is not limited, at least the genus Escherichia, the genus Staphylococcus, the genus Pseudomonas, and the genus Bacillus (Bacillus), Klebsiella, Serratia, Rahnella, Citrobacter, Listeria, Enterobacter, and Salmonella It is preferable to generate an antigen-antibody reaction with one or more genera of bacteria.
- specific antibodies cause antigen-antibody reactions only with bacteria of a limited genus.
- the range of bacteria in which a specific antibody causes an antigen-antibody reaction is matched with the range of bacteria to be detected.
- the range of bacteria with which the specific antibody causes an antigen-antibody reaction is matched with the range of bacteria to be detected.
- the combined range of bacteria in which each of the specific antibodies causes an antigen-antibody reaction may match the range of bacteria to be detected.
- by appropriately combining a plurality of specific antibodies that cause antigen-antibody reactions with different bacteria it is possible to variously adjust the range of bacteria to be detected, which is extremely advantageous. .
- Each specific antibody of the present invention may generate an antigen-antibody reaction with at least one genus of bacteria.
- the specific genus of bacteria that causes an antigen-antibody reaction with each specific antibody is not limited, but at least the genus Escherichia, the genus Staphylococcus, the genus Pseudomonas, and the genus Bacillus from the genera Bacillus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Rahnella, Citrobacter, Listeria, Enterobacter and Salmonella It is preferable to generate an antigen-antibody reaction with one or more selected genera of bacteria.
- a labeling antibody is an antibody attached with a label for detection, and is an antibody that forms a complex by an antigen-antibody reaction with a target bacterium-derived antigen released from the lysed target bacterium.
- the composite formed in this way is called a first composite.
- the type of detection label used for the labeling antibody is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected according to the detection method. Specifically, metal colloids such as gold colloid, platinum colloid, and palladium colloid; selenium colloid, and alumina.
- Non-metallic colloids such as colloids and silica colloids; Insoluble particulate materials such as colored resin particles, dye colloids and colored liposomes; Catalytic enzymes for coloring reactions such as alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase and luciferase; Fluorescent dyes and radioisotopes; Examples include luminescent labels, electrochemiluminescent labels, and the like.
- Techniques for adding labels to antibodies are not particularly limited, but specific examples include techniques such as physical adsorption utilizing the hydrophobicity of antibodies and chemical bonding utilizing functional groups of antibodies.
- the capturing antibody is an antibody that forms a complex with the first complex through antigen-antibody reaction.
- the complex thus formed is called a second complex.
- the capture antibody is more specifically immobilized on a membrane carrier for chromatographic development located in the detection region of the immunochromatography strip.
- the method of immobilizing the antibody on the solid phase member is not particularly limited, but specific examples include immobilization by physical adsorption using the hydrophobicity of the antibody, immobilization by chemical bonding using the functional group of the antibody, and the like.
- the universal antibody may be a labeling antibody and the specific antibody may be a capturing antibody, or the specific antibody may be a labeling antibody and the universal antibody may be a capturing antibody.
- the general-purpose antibody is preferably a labeling antibody
- the specific antibody is preferably a capturing antibody.
- the second complex Due to the antigen-antibody reaction caused by the immobilized capturing antibody, the second complex is retained at the immobilization position of the capturing antibody (capturing antibody immobilization site), where the label of the labeling antibody is detected.
- the target bacterium is detected in the sample liquid when the label is detected at the position where the capturing antibody is immobilized.
- a group of bacteria selected from at least one Gram-positive bacterium and at least one Gram-negative bacterium in the specimen used in the lysis method of the present invention is The present invention relates to a lysis kit for lysing bacteria (hereinafter appropriately referred to as "the lysis kit of the present invention").
- a lysis kit includes one formulation containing a surfactant and a lytic enzyme (ie, a lytic agent) and a separate formulation of the surfactant and lytic enzyme.
- a lysis kit is used for detection of bacterial groups after lysis, and more preferably relates to a lysis kit for immunochromatographic detection. Bacterial groups to be lysed, surfactants, and lytic enzymes are as described above.
- the lysis kit may provide a surfactant and a lytic enzyme in the form of a solution or solid in one container or divided into two or more containers.
- Still another aspect of the present invention is selected from at least one or more bacteria, for example, at least one or more Gram-positive bacteria and at least one or more Gram-negative bacteria, used in the aforementioned method for detecting bacteria of the present invention.
- a detection kit for a group of bacteria selected from a plurality of species of bacteria hereinafter referred to as the "bacteria detection kit of the present invention" as appropriate.
- the bacterium detection kit of the present invention may contain a lysis kit, or the surfactant and the bacteriolytic enzyme may be pre-arranged in the device or container used in the bacterium detection kit.
- Such a bacteria detection kit detects bacterial groups based on immunological techniques.
- Immunological methods include immunochromatography, immunoprecipitation, immunoturbidimetry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), fluorescence immunoassay (FIA), etc. Any detection technique using a reaction may be used, but immunochromatography is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of easily examining the sample.
- the multiple species of bacteria detected by the bacteria detection kit of the present invention relate to some or all of the bacteria lysed by the lysis method of the present invention.
- the surfactant and lytic enzyme used in the bacteria detection kit of the present invention are as described above.
- the bacteria detection kit of the present invention includes the above-described capturing antibody and labeling antibody.
- the capture antibody is usually provided in an appropriate form (a container containing a porous membrane, a container containing a channel, a plate capable of holding a solution, etc.) according to the type of solid phase carrier.
- the labeling antibody is usually provided in the form of an aqueous reagent containing the labeling antibody in an aqueous medium or a dry reagent obtained by drying the labeling antibody.
- the bacteria detection kit of the present invention comprises, in addition to the capturing antibody and labeling antibody described above, one or more reagents and a detection device necessary for carrying out the method of the present invention using these antibodies. or components thereof and/or instructions describing procedures for practicing the methods of the invention.
- the types of such reagents, the contents of the instructions, and other components contained in the kit of the present invention may be appropriately determined according to the type of specific immunoassay method.
- the device constructed by such kit carries out the method of the invention using the labeling antibody and/or capturing antibody of the invention. It is a device (hereinafter abbreviated as "the device of the present invention” as appropriate) provided with the necessary components for. Specific components of the device of the present invention can be adjusted as appropriate according to the type of immunoassay that is a specific embodiment of the method of the present invention.
- immunoassay methods include ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent) using antibody-loaded microtiter plates; antibody-loaded latex particles ( latex particle agglutination assay using, for example, polystyrene latex particles, etc.); immunochromatography using a membrane carrying an antibody, etc.; colored particles or particles having coloring ability, labeling antibodies labeled with enzymes or fluorescent substances, and magnetic fine particles.
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent
- antibody-loaded latex particles latex particle agglutination assay using, for example, polystyrene latex particles, etc.
- immunochromatography using a membrane carrying an antibody, etc.
- colored particles or particles having coloring ability labeling antibodies labeled with enzymes or fluorescent substances, and magnetic fine particles.
- sandwich assay method using a capture antibody immobilized on a solid phase carrier such as
- the device with the components is the device of the invention. It is also possible to detect two or more types of bacteria in a sample with a single capturing antibody-
- immunochromatographic detection devices include a lateral flow device and a flow-through device.
- the lateral flow method means that the analyte to be detected and the labeling antibody are developed in parallel with respect to the membrane including the detection region on which the capture antibody is immobilized on the surface, and the target substance captured in the detection region of the membrane.
- is a method for detecting Lateral flow kits are roughly classified into dipstick types and cassette types. In the dipstick type, the specimen solution is developed by immersing the immersion area (or sample pad) of the detection device in the specimen solution, whereas in the cassette type, the specimen addition member (sample pad) (3 ) to develop the sample solution.
- the flow-through method is a method in which a target substance to be detected and a labeling antibody are vertically passed through a membrane having a capturing antibody immobilized on the surface, and the target substance captured on the surface of the membrane is detected.
- the method of the present invention can be applied to both lateral-flow and flow-through devices.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a strip-shaped detection mechanism, which is an example of a detection mechanism of a lateral flow type immunochromatographic detection device.
- the immunochromatographic detection apparatus (10) in FIG. 1 has a strip-shaped labeling antibody-attached member (conjugate pad) on one end in the length direction of the strip (on the upstream side of the sample flow B) on the membrane carrier for chromatography development (1).
- (2) A labeling antibody is attached to this pad.
- a specimen addition member sample pad
- an absorption member absorption It is provided on the substrate (5) with the pads (4) arranged thereon.
- the labeling antibody adhered to the labeling antibody-attached member (conjugate pad) (2) may be eluted into the specimen solution.
- a capture antibody immobilization site (6) to which a capture antibody was immobilized was arranged at the center of the strip length direction on the membrane carrier for chromatography development (1), and a control reagent was immobilized as necessary.
- a control reagent immobilization site (7) is provided.
- the control reagent is a reagent that does not bind to the analyte but binds to the labeling antibody.
- the strip may have a lysing agent disposed therein so as to be elutable into the sample solution.
- sample pad when the sample A is applied onto the sample addition member (sample pad) (3), the sample A passes through the labeling antibody attachment member (conjugate pad) (2) and onto the membrane carrier for chromatography development (1 ) flows in the direction of sample flow B.
- the analyte in the sample in the present invention, L7/L12, which is an antigen derived from bacteria
- the sample A passes through the capturing antibody immobilization site (6), the analyte in the sample binds to the capturing antibody to form a second complex of capturing antibody-analyte-labeling antibody.
- the specimen A passes through the control reagent immobilization site (7), those of the labeling antibodies that do not bind to the analyte bind to the control reagent, thereby completing the test (i.e., passage through the antibody-immobilized site (6)).
- the label of the labeling antibody may be sensitized by a known technique to facilitate detection.
- the labeling antibody attachment member (conjugate pad) (2), the specimen addition member (sample pad) (3), and/or the control reagent immobilization site (7) can be omitted arbitrarily.
- the present mechanism does not have a labeling antibody attachment member (conjugate pad) (2), the sample A and the labeling antibody are mixed in advance or separately, and simultaneously or sequentially, the membrane carrier for chromatographic development ( 1) By applying it to the upper end, the same inspection as the above inspection can be performed.
- a detection kit capable of similar detection can be constructed even if the capturing antibody and the labeling antibody are replaced.
- a method for detecting the presence and/or abundance of bacteria in a specimen comprising: (I) a step of treating the specimen with a solution containing a surfactant and a lytic enzyme; (II) Through an antigen-antibody reaction between the sample, the capturing antibody immobilized on the solid-phase carrier, and the labeling antibody having a label for detection, the antigen derived from the bacteria in the sample is captured and the antigen derived from the bacteria in the sample is captured.
- One of the capturing antibody and the labeling antibody is one or more general-purpose antibodies that cause an antigen-antibody reaction with antigens derived from bacteria of five or more genera including bacteria, and the capturing antibody and the labeling antibody A method, wherein the other of the antibodies is one or more specific antibodies that cause an antigen-antibody reaction with one or more genera of bacteria.
- the surfactant is one or more amine oxides.
- the amine oxide is N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (DDAO).
- DDAO N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide
- 26 The method according to item 24 or 25, wherein the concentration of the amine oxide in solution during treatment with the specimen is 0.01 to 0.2% by mass.
- the surfactant is one or more quaternary ammonium salts.
- a method according to item 30, wherein the concentration of the lysostaphin in the solution during treatment with the specimen is 0.01 ⁇ g/mL to 5.0 ⁇ g/mL.
- a specific surfactant and an enzyme are treated with a solution adjusted to a specific concentration to enable more reliable lysis treatment, and to improve the efficiency and speed of lysis treatment. not only can be achieved, but also more reliable detection can be realized.
- the Gram-positive bacterium comprises at least a bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus.
- the solution containing the surfactant and the lytic enzyme contains a dye selected from red, blue and green.
- the method according to any one of items 22 to 33 which is used for detecting at least one or more bacteria in a sample by immunochromatography.
- Example 1 Preparation of Immunochromatographic Test Strips for Detecting Multiple Species of Bacterial Groups Containing At least One Gram-Positive Bacteria and/or Gram-Negative Bacteria ⁇ Preparation of general-purpose antibody Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as an immunogen. Antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ribosomal protein L7/L12 were generated with reference to the method described in WO2000/06603. Specifically, E.
- mice After confirming an increase in the serum antibody titer by test blood collection, the spleen cells of the mice were excised. The excised mouse spleen cells were fused with myeloma cells to obtain various hybridomas. The obtained various hybridomas were cultured in HAT medium and screened using antibodies in the culture supernatant. Screening is carried out by ELISA method, antibodies showing simultaneous reactivity with bacterial lysate of at least 4 strains of Escherichia coli (EC), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Bacillus subtilis (BS). were selected.
- EC Escherichia coli
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- PA Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- BS Bacillus subtilis
- Selected hybridomas were cultured in TIL Media I medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) according to a standard method for monoclonal antibody production, and intraperitoneally administered to mice, and ascites was collected.
- the recovered ascitic fluid was centrifuged to separate suspended matter and erythrocytes, and then filtered through a filter with an opening of 0.45 ⁇ m.
- the obtained filtrate was passed through a Protein G column to adsorb the antibody, and the obtained general-purpose antibody was purified and obtained from mouse ascitic fluid.
- Immunochromatographic Test Strip was prepared using the obtained general-purpose antibody as a labeling antibody and specific antibodies I and II as capturing antibodies.
- ⁇ Assembly of immunochromatographic test strips In addition to the membrane carrier for immunochromatographic development prepared by the above procedure and the labeling antibody-attached member using colloidal gold as a label, cotton cloth as a sample addition member and filter paper as an absorption member were prepared. These members were attached to a commercially available polyethylene base material, cut into 5 mm widths, and immunochromatographic test strips having the same structure as in FIG.
- Example 2 Evaluation of bacteriolysis and detection performance with various reaction solution (bacteriolytic agent) compositions ⁇ Preparation of bacterial solution for evaluation: Escherichia coli (EC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) were selected as Gram-negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) were selected as Gram-positive bacteria. bottom. In addition, physiological saline was used as the liquid without bacteria.
- Escherichia coli (EC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) were selected as Gram-negative bacteria
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- BS Bacillus subtilis
- physiological saline was used as the liquid without bacteria.
- ⁇ Detection performance evaluation by immunochromatography The bacterial solution for evaluation and the various reaction solutions were mixed at a ratio of 1:1, and the immunochromatographic test strip prepared in Example 1 was inserted into the mixture to evaluate detection performance by bacteriolysis and antigen-antibody reaction. For the evaluation, the degree of redness due to the gold colloid in the test line portion was visually determined. Table 2 shows the results. Visually positive is indicated as +, visually weakly positive as ⁇ , and visually negative as -.
- a lytic enzyme lysostaphin or lysozyme
- DDAO benzalkonium chloride
- benzalkonium chloride condition 2-12 to 2-15.
- a positive SA signal was confirmed under the conditions (2-12, 2-13) in which lysostaphin was added.
- no bacterium was negative, and bacteria other than SA were also positive.
- lysozyme added 2-14, 2-15
- there was no change from the conditions without lysozyme added 2-2, 2-3
- the SA signal remained weakly positive.
- Example 3 Preparation of bacterial solution (specimen) for examination and evaluation of concentration of DDAO or benzalkonium chloride : Escherichia coli (EC) was selected as a Gram-negative bacterium, and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) was selected as a Gram-positive bacterium. In addition, physiological saline was used as the liquid without bacteria.
- Escherichia coli EC
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- physiological saline was used as the liquid without bacteria.
- ⁇ Detection performance evaluation by immunochromatography The bacterium solution for evaluation and the various reaction solutions described above were mixed at a ratio of 1:1, and the immunochromatographic test strip prepared in Example 1 was inserted to evaluate the detection performance by bacteriolysis and antigen-antibody reaction. In the evaluation, the degree of redness due to the gold colloid in the test line portion was photographed with a camera, and then quantified by image processing (the value of G, which indicates red absorption in RGB, was used. ”). A higher test line intensity indicates a higher degree of redness, and a test line intensity of 10 or more is visually positive.
- Fig. 2 shows the relationship between DDAO concentration and test line strength. No poor development of immunochromatography was observed at any concentration where DDAO was added.
- the evaluation results for Escherichia coli (EC) showed that the higher the final concentration of DDAO, the higher the bacteriolysis, and the higher the strength of the test line due to the antigen-antibody reaction, compared to the case without DDAO.
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- test line strength increases, becomes almost constant between 0.05 to 0.1% by mass, and decreases when it exceeds 0.1% by mass. (higher test line strength than without DDAO).
- DDAO final concentration 0.1% by mass
- the synergistic effect of the lysostaphin enzyme and DDAO on the lysis of Staphylococcus aureus is exhibited, but when the DDAO final concentration exceeds 0.1% by mass, the activity of the lysostaphin enzyme It is believed to cause inhibition, reducing lysis efficiency and test line strength.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the final concentration of benzalkonium chloride and the strength of the test line.
- the final concentration of benzalkonium chloride was between 0 and 0.05% by mass, no poor development of the immunochromatography was observed.
- the antibody was not developed on the nitrocellulose membrane and was retained in the sample addition member), and when the content exceeded 0.075% by mass, the tendency toward poor liquid development became stronger.
- the evaluation results for Escherichia coli (EC) showed higher bacteriolysis efficiency and higher test line strength due to antigen-antibody reaction up to a final concentration of 0.075% by mass of benzalkonium chloride compared to the case without benzalkonium chloride. rice field.
- benzalkonium chloride final concentration 0.065% by mass
- a synergistic effect of the lysostaphin enzyme and benzalkonium chloride is exerted on the lysis of Staphylococcus aureus, but the benzalkonium chloride final concentration is 0.07 mass%. %, the above-mentioned poor flow of liquid and inhibition of lysostaphin enzyme activity are caused, and the bacteriolysis efficiency and test line strength are considered to decrease.
- DDAO DDAO
- benzalkonium chloride is preferably added at a final concentration of 0.08% by mass, more preferably up to 0.065% by mass, and used in combination with the lysostaphin enzyme.
- coccus was shown to be efficiently lysed and immunochromatographically detected.
- Example 4 Examination of Lysostaphin Concentration ⁇ Preparation of bacterial solution (specimen) for evaluation: To see the effect of lysostaphin, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) was prepared in saline to 1e6 cfu/ml. In addition, physiological saline was used as the liquid without bacteria.
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- ⁇ Detection performance evaluation by immunochromatography The bacterial solution for evaluation and the various reaction solutions described above were mixed at a ratio of 1:1, the immunochromatographic test strip prepared in Example 1 was inserted, and the detection performance (test line strength) by bacteriolysis and antigen-antibody reaction was evaluated. .
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the final concentration of lysostaphin and the test line strength when DDAO was used as a surfactant.
- FIG. 4(a) shows all the data
- FIG. 4(b) shows the horizontal axis (lysostaphin final concentration) enlarged.
- Addition of lysostaphin tended to promote lysis of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) compared to the case without lysostaphin.
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- the final concentration of lysostaphin exceeded 0.01 ⁇ g/ml, sufficient bacteriolytic performance (catalytic action of the enzyme) was observed, resulting in high test line strength due to antigen-antibody reaction.
- the final concentration of lysostaphin is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5.0 ⁇ g/ml.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the final concentration of lysostaphin and the test line strength when benzalkonium chloride is used as a surfactant.
- FIG. 5(a) shows all the data
- FIG. 5(b) shows the horizontal axis (lysostaphin final concentration) enlarged.
- Addition of lysostaphin tended to promote lysis of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) compared to the case without lysostaphin.
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- the final concentration of lysostaphin exceeded 0.01 ⁇ g/ml, sufficient bacteriolytic performance (catalytic action of the enzyme) was observed, resulting in high test line strength due to antigen-antibody reaction.
- the final concentration of lysostaphin exceed 5.0 ⁇ g/ml, a test line (false positive thought to be caused by lysostaphin) was confirmed (test line intensity ⁇ 10) even in the absence of bacteria. Therefore, it was confirmed that the final concentration of lysostaphin is preferably in the range of 0.01 ⁇ g/ml or more to 5.0 ⁇ g/ml.
- lysostaphin as a lytic enzyme in the final concentration range of 0.01 ⁇ g / ml to 5.0 ⁇ g / ml and using it in combination with the surfactant DDAO or benzalkonium chloride, Staphylococcus aureus bacteriolysis and It was shown that detection by immunochromatography was performed efficiently.
- Example 5 Confirmation of lysis and detection performance near boundary conditions ⁇ Preparation of various reaction solutions: As confirmation of the above-mentioned surfactant DDAO or combination of benzalkonium chloride and lysostaphin enzyme in the preferred range, 0.2% by mass of Tween 20 was added to 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) buffer for immunochromatographic development. A reaction solution having the conditions shown in Table 3 was prepared using the added solution as a mother liquor.
- EC Escherichia coli
- PA Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- BS Bacillus subtilis
- a solution containing both Escherichia coli (EC) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) at a concentration of 1e6 cfu/ml was prepared with physiological saline. In addition, physiological saline was used as the liquid without bacteria.
- ⁇ Detection performance evaluation by immunochromatography The bacterial solution for evaluation and the various reaction solutions described above were mixed at a ratio of 1:1, the immunochromatographic test strip prepared in Example 1 was inserted, and the detection performance by bacteriolysis and antigen-antibody reaction was visually evaluated. Table 4 shows the results. Under any condition, visually negative for no bacteria, Escherichia coli (EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Bacillus subtilis (BS), and Escherichia coli (EC) and Staphylococcus aureus ( SA) was visually positive. From the above results, it was shown that the use of the surfactant DDAO or benzalkonium chloride and the lysostaphin enzyme at suitable concentrations enabled efficient lysis and immunochromatographic detection of multiple genera of bacteria.
- Example 6 Investigation of the pH of the reaction solution ⁇ Preparation of various reaction solutions: DDAO of 0.15% by mass (final concentration of 0.075% by mass after mixing with bacterial solution for evaluation (specimen)) in 0.1M Tris-HCl (or MOPSO) buffer, or 0.05% by mass ( Benzalkonium chloride at a final concentration of 0.025% by mass after mixing with the evaluation bacterial solution (specimen) and lysostaphin enzyme 5.0 ug / ml (final concentration after mixing with the evaluation bacterial solution (specimen) 2.5 ug) /ml), and 0.2% by mass of Tween 20 for immunochromatographic development was added as a mother liquor for pH adjustment to prepare reaction solutions with different pH (6.0 to 9.5).
- EC Escherichia coli
- PA Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- BS Bacillus subtilis
- ⁇ Detection performance evaluation by immunochromatography The bacterial solution for evaluation and the various reaction solutions described above were mixed at a ratio of 1:1, the immunochromatographic test strip prepared in Example 1 was inserted, and the detection performance by bacteriolysis and antigen-antibody reaction was visually evaluated. Table 5 shows the results. At pH 6.0-6.2, the Staphylococcus aureus (SA) test line gave a negative result, and pH 9.5 gave a weakly positive result. At this pH, the enzymatic activity of lysostaphin appears to be reduced.
- SA Staphylococcus aureus
- Example 7 Examination of coloring of reaction solution ⁇ Selection of coloring agent We examined the coloring of the reaction solution as a means of preventing accidental ingestion at food sites.
- Commercially available water-soluble dyes (26 types such as Blue No. 1, Yellow No. 4, Green No. 3, etc.) were obtained, and absorption spectra were measured.
- Four types of dyes (Blue No. 1, Yellow No. 4, Green No. 3, and a mixture of Blue No. 1 and Yellow No. 4) that do not interfere in absorption with colloidal gold (red) used for labeling were selected.
- ⁇ Preparation of bacterial solution (specimen) for evaluation: Escherichia coli (EC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) were selected as Gram-negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) were selected as Gram-positive bacteria. bottom. In addition, physiological saline was used as the liquid without bacteria.
- ⁇ Detection performance evaluation by immunochromatography The bacterial solution for evaluation and the various reaction solutions described above were mixed at a ratio of 1:1, the immunochromatographic test strip prepared in Example 1 was inserted, and the detection performance by bacteriolysis and antigen-antibody reaction was visually evaluated. Table 7 shows the results.
- the present invention can be widely applied to the food and medical fields such as bacterial lysis and bacterial detection, and its utility value is extremely high.
- Immunochromatographic detection device 1 Membrane carrier for chromatographic development 2 Labeling antibody-attached member (conjugate pad) 3 Specimen addition member (sample pad) 4 Absorbent member (absorbent pad) 5 substrate 6 capture antibody immobilization site 7 control reagent immobilization site A sample B sample flow
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Abstract
Description
[1] 検体中の少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び/又はグラム陰性細菌を含む複数種の細菌群の溶菌方法であって、検体を、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む溶液で処理する工程を含み、前記界面活性剤がアミンオキシド及び第四級アンモニウムから選ばれる、前記方法。
[2] 前記複数種の細菌群が、少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び少なくとも1種以上のグラム陰性細菌を共に含む、項目1に記載の方法。
[3] 前記界面活性剤が、1種又は2種以上のアミンオキシドである、項目1又は2に記載の方法。
[4] 前記アミンオキシドが、N,N-ジメチルドデシルアミンN-オキシド(DDAO)である、項目3に記載の方法。
[5] 前記検体との処理時における溶液中の前記アミンオキシドの濃度が0.01~0.2質量%である、項目3又は4に記載の方法。
[6] 前記界面活性剤が、1種又は2種以上の第四級アンモニウム塩である、項目1又は2に記載の方法。
[7] 前記第四級アンモニウム塩が、塩化ベンザルコニウムである、項目6に記載の方法。
[8] 前記検体との処理時における溶液中の前記第四級アンモニウム塩の濃度が0.005~0.08質量%である、項目6又は7に記載の方法。
[9] 前記溶菌酵素が、リゾスタフィンである、項目1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[10] 前記検体との処理時における溶液中の前記リゾスタフィンの濃度が、0.01μg/mL~5.0μg/mLである、項目9に記載の方法。
[11] 前記グラム陽性細菌が、少なくともスタフィロコッカス(ブドウ球菌)属(Staphylococcus)の細菌を含む、項目1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[12] 前記界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む溶液が、赤、青、及び緑から選択されるいずれかの色素を含む、項目1~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[13] イムノクロマト法による検体中の少なくとも1種以上の細菌を検出するために用いる、項目1~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[14] 検体中の複数種の細菌群の検出方法であって、
項目1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法により、検体中の複数種の細菌群を溶菌する工程、及び
溶菌された細菌群から放出された細菌の抗原を、当該抗原と抗原抗体反応を生じる抗体を用いて検出する工程
を含む検出方法。
[15] 前記検出の対象となる検体中の複数種の細菌群が、少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌と、少なくとも1種以上のグラム陰性細菌とを共に含む、項目14に記載の方法。
[16] 前記検出する工程がイムノクロマト法により行われる、項目14又は15に記載の方法。
[17] 前記溶菌する工程により放出される細菌の抗原がL7抗原である、項目14~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[18] 項目1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法において用いる、検体中の少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び/又はグラム陰性細菌を含む複数種の細菌群を溶菌するための溶菌キットであって、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む、溶菌キット。
[19] 検体中の少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び/又はグラム陰性細菌を含む複数種の細菌群を検出するための細菌検出キットであって、
項目1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法で用いられる、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素と、
以下の:
(a)対象細菌由来抗原と抗原抗体反応により第1の複合体を形成する標識用抗体が添着された標識用抗体添着部材、及び、
(b)第1の複合体と抗原抗体反応により第2の複合体を形成する捕捉用抗体が固定化された検出領域を有するストリップ
を含むイムノクロマト検出装置と
を含む、前記細菌検出キット。
[20] 検体中の細菌の有無及び/又は存在量を検出するための方法であって、
(I) 項目1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法により、検体中の細菌を溶菌する工程、
(II)検体と、固相担体と固定された捕捉用抗体と、検出用標識を有する標識用抗体との抗原抗体反応により、検体中の細菌由来の抗原を捕捉すると共に、検体中の細菌由来の抗原を標識する工程、及び
(III)検体中の細菌を検出用標識に基づき検出する工程を含み、
捕捉用抗体及び標識用抗体のうち一方が、細菌を含む5以上の属の細菌由来の抗原と抗原抗体反応を生じる、1種又は2種以上の汎用性抗体であり、捕捉用抗体及び標識用抗体のうち他方が、1又は2以上の属の細菌と抗原抗体反応を生じる、1種又は2種以上の特異性抗体である、方法。
[21] 検体中の2種以上の細菌を単一の捕捉用抗体固定部位で検出する、項目20に記載の方法。
本発明の一の態様は、検体中の複数種の細菌群を溶菌する方法(以下適宜「本発明の溶菌方法」と称する。)に関する。本発明の溶菌方法は、検体を、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む溶液中で処理して、検体中に存在する前記複数種の細菌群を溶菌する工程を含む。本発明の溶菌方法により溶菌された細菌群は、その後免疫学的手法に供される。免疫学的手法としては、イムノクロマト法、ウエスタンブロット、ELISA、免疫沈降、免疫比濁法など抗原抗体反応を用いた任意の検出手法であってよいが、検体を簡易に検査する観点からは、特にイムノクロマト法が好ましい。本発明の溶菌方法により溶菌された複数種の細菌群は、後の工程において免疫学的手法による検出が可能なように溶菌される必要がある。したがって、本発明の溶菌方法は、免疫学的手法による検出のための溶菌方法ということができる。
等の細菌が挙げられる。なかでも、エシェリキア(大腸菌)属(Escherichia)又はシュードモナス属(Pseudomonas)の細菌が含まれることが好ましい。
本発明の一態様は、検体中の少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び/又はグラム陰性細菌を含む複数種の細菌群を溶菌するための溶菌剤(以下、本発明の溶菌剤とも称する)にも関する。本発明の溶菌剤を含む溶液を「反応液」とも称する。本発明の溶菌剤は、少なくとも界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含有する。本発明の溶菌剤は、溶液の形態で提供されてもよいし、乾燥物の形態で提供されてもよい。特に溶菌酵素は、活性を維持する観点から、パッド化やカプセル化されて、乾燥物又は溶液中に提供されてもよい。界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素は、同一形態で提供されてもよいし、異なる形態で提供されてもよい。溶菌剤は、通常、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む1の製剤として提供される。溶菌キットは、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む1の製剤(すなわち溶菌剤)と、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を別個に提供された製剤とを包含する。本発明の溶菌剤は、意図した溶菌効果を著しく損なわない限り、1種又は2種以上の他の成分を更に含有していてもよく、誤飲食防止のために色素を含んでもよい。そのような他の成分として、例えば、非イオン性界面活性剤、緩衝液、溶菌促進剤が挙げられ、これらの成分は、溶菌を促進するか、又は溶菌後の検出を可能にするために添加されうる。溶菌剤に含まれる、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素、他の成分、並びに色素については、本明細書に記載される成分が使用される。
本発明の一の態様は、検体中の少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌と、少なくとも1種以上のグラム陰性細菌から選択される複数種の細菌群を検出する方法(以下適宜「本発明の細菌検出方法」と称する。)に関する。本発明の細菌検出方法は、前記の本発明の溶菌方法を実施することにより、検体中の複数属の細菌を溶菌する工程と、溶菌された細菌群から放出された細菌の抗原を、当該抗原と抗原抗体反応を生じる抗体を用いて検出することを含む。したがって、本発明の細菌検出方法は、抗体を用いた免疫学的手法に関する。免疫学的手法としては、イムノクロマト法、免疫沈降法、免疫比濁法、酵素免疫測定法(ELISA法)、放射能免疫測定法(RIA法)、または蛍光免疫測定法(FIA法)など抗原抗体反応を用いた任意の検出手法であってよいが、検体を簡易に検査する観点からは、特にイムノクロマト法が好ましい。本発明の細菌検出方法により検出される複数種の細菌群は、本発明の溶菌方法により溶菌された細菌の一部又は全部に関する。
本発明において「抗体」とは、特定の抗原又は物質を認識しそれに結合するタンパク質で、免疫グロブリン(Ig)という場合もある。一般的な抗体は、通常、ジスルフィド結合により相互結合された2つの軽鎖(軽鎖)及び2つの重鎖(重鎖)を有する。軽鎖にはλ鎖及びκ鎖と呼ばれる2種類が存在し、重鎖にはγ鎖、μ鎖、α鎖、δ鎖及びε鎖と呼ばれる5種類が存在する。その重鎖の種類によって、抗体には、それぞれIgG、IgM、IgA、IgD及びIgEという5種類のアイソタイプが存在する。
標識用抗体は、検出用標識が付された抗体であって、溶菌された対象細菌から放出される対象細菌由来抗原と抗原抗体反応により複合体を形成する抗体である。こうして形成された複合体を第1の複合体と呼ぶものとする。標識用抗体に使用する検出用標識の種類も特に制限されず、検出方法に応じて適宜選択すればよいが、具体的には金コロイド、白金コロイド、パラジウムコロイド等の金属コロイド;セレニウムコロイド、アルミナコロイド、シリカコロイド等の非金属コロイド;着色樹脂粒子、染料コロイド、着色リポソーム等の不溶性粒状物質;アルカリフォスファターゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、ルシフェラーゼ等の発色反応触媒酵素;蛍光色素、放射性同位体;化学発光標識、生物発光標識、電気化学発光標識等が挙げられる。抗体に標識を付加する手法も特に制限されないが、具体的には抗体の疎水性を利用した物理吸着、抗体の官能基を利用した化学結合等の手法が挙げられる。
捕捉用抗体は、第1の複合体と抗原抗体反応により複合体を形成する抗体である。こうして形成された複合体を第2複合体と呼ぶものとする。イムノクロマト法において用いる場合、捕捉用抗体はより具体的に、イムノクロマト法のストリップの検出領域に位置するクロマト展開用膜担体上に固定される。固相部材に抗体を固定する手法も特に制限されないが、具体的には抗体の疎水性を利用した物理吸着による固定、抗体の官能基を利用した化学結合による固定等の手法が挙げられる。
本発明の別の態様は、前述の本発明の溶菌方法に用いられる、検体中の少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌と、少なくとも1種以上のグラム陰性細菌から選択される複数種の細菌群を溶菌する溶菌キット(以下、適宜「本発明の溶菌キット」と称する。)に関する。溶菌キットは、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む1の製剤(すなわち溶菌剤)と、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を別個に提供された製剤とを包含する。かかる溶菌キットは、溶菌後に細菌群の検出のために用いられ、より好ましくはイムノクロマト法検出のための溶菌キットに関する。溶菌される細菌群、界面活性剤、及び溶菌酵素については前述のとおりである。
[22] 検体中の細菌の有無及び/又は存在量を検出するための方法であって、
(I) 検体を、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む溶液で処理する工程、
(II)検体と、固相担体と固定された捕捉用抗体と、検出用標識を有する標識用抗体との抗原抗体反応により、検体中の細菌由来の抗原を捕捉すると共に、検体中の細菌由来の抗原を標識する工程、及び
(III)検体中の細菌を検出用標識に基づき検出する工程を含み、
捕捉用抗体及び標識用抗体のうち一方が、細菌を含む5以上の属の細菌由来の抗原と抗原抗体反応を生じる、1種又は2種以上の汎用性抗体であり、捕捉用抗体及び標識用抗体のうち他方が、1又は2以上の属の細菌と抗原抗体反応を生じる、1種又は2種以上の特異性抗体である、方法。
この態様によれば、検体中に複数種の細菌が存在していたとしても同時に溶菌することができ、溶菌処理の効率化・迅速化が可能となる。その結果、検出についても効率化・迅速化が可能となる。
[23] 前記細菌が、少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び少なくとも1種以上のグラム陰性細菌を共に含む、項目22に記載の方法。
[24] 前記界面活性剤が、1種又は2種以上のアミンオキシドである、項目22又は23に記載の方法。
[25] 前記アミンオキシドが、N,N-ジメチルドデシルアミンN-オキシド(DDAO)である、項目24に記載の方法。
[26]
前記検体との処理時における溶液中の前記アミンオキシドの濃度が0.01~0.2質量%である、項目24又は25に記載の方法。
[27] 前記界面活性剤が、1種又は2種以上の第四級アンモニウム塩である、項目22又は23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[28] 前記第四級アンモニウム塩が、塩化ベンザルコニウムである、項目27に記載の方法。
[29] 前記検体との処理時における溶液中の前記第四級アンモニウム塩の濃度が0.005~0.08質量%である、項目27又は28に記載の方法。
[30]
前記溶菌酵素が、リゾスタフィンである、項目22~29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[31] 前記検体との処理時における溶液中の前記リゾスタフィンの濃度が、0.01μg/mL~5.0μg/mLである、項目30に記載の方法。
上記項目23~31の態様によれば、特定の界面活性剤と酵素を、特定の濃度で調整した溶液で処理することで、より確実な溶菌処理を可能とし、溶菌処理の効率化・迅速化が可能となるだけでなく、より確実な検出も実現できる。
[32] 前記グラム陽性細菌が、少なくともスタフィロコッカス(ブドウ球菌)属(Staphylococcus)の細菌を含む、項目22~31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[33] 前記界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む溶液が、赤、青、及び緑から選択されるいずれかの色素を含む、項目22~32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
[34] イムノクロマト法による検体中の少なくとも1種以上の細菌を検出するために用いる、項目22~33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
・汎用性抗体の作製
免疫原の細菌として緑膿菌を用いた。緑膿菌のリボソームタンパク質L7/L12に対する抗体を、国際公開第2000/06603号公報に記載の方法を参照して作製した。具体的には、緑膿菌のリボソームタンパク質L7/L12のアミノ酸配列の全部をコードしたDNAを組み込んだ発現ベクターで形質転換した大腸菌をLB培地等を用いて培養し、アフィニティカラムにより発現ベクター由来のタグ配列を利用して融合タンパク質として精製した。この緑膿菌L7/L12全長タンパク質を免疫原として、ハイブリドーマ取得の定法に従い、免疫原の濃度が0.4mg/mLとなるようPBSで調製し、フロイントのアジュバントを同量加え、免疫原量が50μg/回となるようマウスに4回免疫した。試験採血により血清抗体価上昇を確認後、マウスの脾臓細胞を摘出した。摘出したマウス脾臓細胞をミエローマ細胞と融合し、種々のハイブリドーマを取得した。
取得した種々のハイブリドーマをHAT培地で培養し、培養上清中の抗体を用いてスクリーニングを行った。スクリーニングは、ELISA法により実施し、少なくとも、大腸菌(EC)、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)、緑膿菌(PA)、枯草菌(BS)という4菌種の細菌溶解物と同時に反応性を示す抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを選択した。
モノクローナル抗体産生の定法に従い、選択したハイブリドーマをウシ胎児血清(FBS)を10%添加したTIL MediaI培地で培養し、マウスの腹腔内に投与し、腹水を回収した。回収した腹水は遠心により浮遊物・赤血球を分離後、目開き0.45μmのフィルタでろ過した。得られたろ液をProtein Gカラムに通して抗体を吸着させることにより、得られた汎用性抗体をマウス腹水から精製取得した。
同様に、免疫原の細菌としてインフルエンザ菌(HI)を用い、インフルエンザ菌のリボソームタンパク質L7/L12を免疫原とした他は、汎用性抗体取得の手順と同様の手順で、種々のハイブリドーマを取得したのち、少なくとも、大腸菌(EC)、緑膿菌(PA)という2菌種の細菌溶解物と反応性を示す抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを選択した。その後、汎用性抗体取得の手順と同様の手順で、特異性抗体Iを作製した。
同様に、免疫原の細菌として黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)を用い、黄色ブドウ球菌のリボソームタンパク質L7/L12を免疫原とした他は、汎用性抗体取得の手順と同様の手順で、種々のハイブリドーマを取得したのち、少なくとも、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)及び枯草菌(BS)という2菌種の細菌溶解物と反応性を示す抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを選択した。その後、汎用性抗体取得の手順と同様の手順で特異性抗体IIを作製した。
取得した汎用性抗体を標識用抗体、特異性抗体IとIIを捕捉用抗体として、下記イムノクロマトテストストリップを作製した。
10mMリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液溶液中に、特異性抗体IとIIを各1.5mg/mLとなるよう混合し、トレハロース3%(v/v)を添加した溶液を調製した。得られた溶液を、幅2.5cm、長さ15cmにカットした市販のニトロセルロース膜に1cm2あたり1μL液量で1本のラインとなるよう塗布し、乾燥させて、イムノクロマト展開用膜担体とした。
市販の金コロイド溶液(粒径60nm)に、汎用性抗体1/10量を加えて混合し、抗体濃度0.1mg/mLの溶液を調製した。この溶液を室温で30分間静置して、抗体を金コロイド粒子表面に結合させた。その後、金コロイド溶液における最終濃度が0.1%となるようにBSA溶液を加えてブロッキングし、金コロイドを標識として用いた標識用抗体溶液を調製した。この抗体溶液を市販のガラス繊維シートに浸み込ませた後、乾燥させて、金コロイドを標識として用いた標識用抗体添着部材とした。
上述した手順で作製したイムノクロマト展開用膜担体及び金コロイドを標識として用いた標識用抗体添着部材に加えて、さらに検体添加用部材として綿布と、吸収用部材として濾紙を用意した。そして、これらの部材を市販のポリエチレン基材に貼り合せた後、5mm幅に切断し、図1と同様(対照試薬固定部位7は省略)の構成のイムノクロマトテストストリップを作製した。
・評価用菌液の調製:
グラム陰性細菌として、大腸菌(EC)及び緑膿菌(PA)、グラム陽性細菌として、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)及び枯草菌(BS)を選定し、それぞれ1e6cfu/mlとなるよう生理食塩水で調製した。また、菌なしの液は生理食塩水とした。
0.1M Tris-HCl(pH7.4)緩衝液に、イムノクロマト展開用に0.2%のTween20を添加したものを母液として、表1に示す条件の各種反応液を調製した。各種界面活性剤の濃度は、0.1%(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0.05%)、各種溶菌酵素の濃度は、2.0ug/ml(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度1.0ug/ml)とした。
上記評価用菌液と、上記各種反応液を1:1で混合し、実施例1で作製したイムノクロマトテストストリップを挿入して、細菌の溶菌と抗原抗体反応による検出性能を評価した。なお評価は、テストライン部分の金コロイドによる赤色度合を目視で判定した。結果を表2に示す。目視陽性を+、目視弱陽性を±、目視陰性を-として表記した。
・評価用菌液(検体)の調製:
グラム陰性細菌として、大腸菌(EC)を、グラム陽性細菌として、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)を選定し、それぞれ1e5cfu/mlとなるよう生理食塩水で調製した。また、菌なしの液は生理食塩水とした。
0.1M Tris-HCl(pH7.4)緩衝液に、2.0ug/ml(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度1.0ug/ml)のリゾスタフィン酵素と、イムノクロマト展開用に0.2質量%のTween20を添加したものを母液として、DDAOを0~0.5質量%(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0~0.25質量%)、または、塩化ベンザルコニウムを0~0.5質量%(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0~0.25質量%)の各種反応液を調製した。
評価用菌液と、上記各種反応液を1:1で混合し、実施例1で作製したイムノクロマトテストストリップを挿入して、細菌の溶菌と抗原抗体反応による検出性能を評価した。なお評価は、テストライン部分の金コロイドによる赤色度合をカメラで撮影したのち、画像処理によって数値化した(RGBの内、赤色吸収を示すGの値を用いた。後述のグラフでは「テストライン強度」と表示)。テストライン強度が高いほど、赤色度合が高いことを示し、テストライン強度が10以上で目視陽性となる。
以上の結果より、界面活性剤としてDDAOを好ましくは0.2質量%、より好ましくは0.1質量%までの終濃度で添加し、リゾスタフィン酵素と併用することにより、複数属細菌(大腸菌および黄色ブドウ球菌)の溶菌およびイムノクロマトによる検出が効率的に行われることが示された。
また、界面活性剤として塩化ベンザルコニウムを好ましくは0.08質量%、より好ましくは0.065質量%までの終濃度で添加し、リゾスタフィン酵素と併用することにより複数属細菌(大腸菌および黄色ブドウ球菌)の溶菌およびイムノクロマトによる検出が効率的に行われることが示された。
・評価用菌液(検体)の調製:
リゾスタフィンの効果を見るため、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)を、1e6cfu/mlとなるよう生理食塩水で調製した。また、菌なしの液は生理食塩水とした。
0.1M Tris-HCl(pH7.4)緩衝液に、0.15質量%(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0.075質量%)のDDAO、または、0.05質量%(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0.025質量%)の塩化ベンザルコニウムと、イムノクロマト展開用に0.2質量%のTween20を添加したものを母液として、リゾスタフィン酵素を0~50μg/ml(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0~25μg/ml)の各種反応液を調製した。
評価用菌液と、上記各種反応液を1:1で混合し、実施例1で作製したイムノクロマトテストストリップを挿入して、細菌の溶菌と抗原抗体反応による検出性能(テストライン強度)を評価した。
・各種反応液の調製:
上述の界面活性剤DDAOまたは塩化ベンザルコニウム及びリゾスタフィン酵素の好適範囲の組み合わせの確認として、0.1M Tris-HCl(pH7.4)緩衝液に、イムノクロマト展開用に0.2質量%のTween20を添加したものを母液として、表3の条件の反応液を調製した。
グラム陰性細菌として、大腸菌(EC)及び緑膿菌(PA)、グラム陽性細菌として、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)及び枯草菌(BS)を選定し、それぞれ1e6cfu/mlとなるよう生理食塩水で調製した。また、菌の混合液の代表として、大腸菌(EC)と黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)双方を1e6cfu/mlの濃度で含む液を生理食塩水で調製した。また、菌なしの液は生理食塩水とした。
評価用菌液と、上記各種反応液を1:1で混合し、実施例1で作製したイムノクロマトテストストリップを挿入して、細菌の溶菌と抗原抗体反応による検出性能を目視で評価した。結果を表4に示す。何れの条件においても、菌なしの場合は目視陰性、大腸菌(EC)、緑膿菌(PA)、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)、枯草菌(BS)、および、大腸菌(EC)と黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)の混合液の場合は目視陽性となった。
・各種反応液の調製:
0.1M Tris-HCl(またはMOPSO)緩衝液に、0.15質量%(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0.075質量%)のDDAO、または、0.05質量%(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0.025質量%)の塩化ベンザルコニウムと、リゾスタフィン酵素5.0ug/ml(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度2.5ug/ml)、イムノクロマト展開用に0.2質量%のTween20を添加したものを母液としてpH調製を行い、pHの異なる(6.0~9.5)反応液を調製した。
グラム陰性細菌として、大腸菌(EC)及び緑膿菌(PA)、グラム陽性細菌として、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)及び枯草菌(BS)を選定し、それぞれ1e6cfu/mlとなるよう生理食塩水で調製した。また、菌なしの液は生理食塩水とした。
評価用菌液と、上記各種反応液を1:1で混合し、実施例1で作製したイムノクロマトテストストリップを挿入して、細菌の溶菌と抗原抗体反応による検出性能を目視で評価した。結果を表5に示す。pH6.0~6.2では、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)のテストラインは陰性に、pH9.5では弱陽性の結果となった。当該pHでは、リゾスタフィンの酵素活性が低下するものと思われる。それ以外のpHでは、菌なしの場合は目視陰性、大腸菌(EC)、緑膿菌(PA)、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)、枯草菌(BS)は目視陽性となった。
・着色剤の選定
食品現場での誤飲食防止手段として反応液の着色を検討した。市販の水溶性色素(青色1号、黄色4号、緑色3号など26種類)を入手し、吸収スペクトルを測定した。標識に用いた金コロイド(赤色)と吸収が干渉しない色素4種類(青色1号、黄色4号、緑色3号、および、青色1号と黄色4号を混合したもの)を選定した。
0.1M Tris-HCl(pH7.4)緩衝液に、0.15質量%(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0.075質量%)のDDAO、または、0.05質量%(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度0.025質量%)の塩化ベンザルコニウムと、リゾスタフィン酵素5.0ug/ml(評価用菌液(検体)との混合後終濃度2.5ug/ml)、イムノクロマト展開用に0.2質量%のTween20を添加したものを母液として、表6に示す条件の着色剤を添加した。
グラム陰性細菌として、大腸菌(EC)及び緑膿菌(PA)、グラム陽性細菌として、黄色ブドウ球菌(SA)及び枯草菌(BS)を選定し、それぞれ1e6cfu/mlとなるよう生理食塩水で調製した。また、菌なしの液は生理食塩水とした。
・イムノクロマトでの検出性能評価:
評価用菌液と、上記各種反応液を1:1で混合し、実施例1で作製したイムノクロマトテストストリップを挿入して、細菌の溶菌と抗原抗体反応による検出性能を目視で評価した。結果を表7に示す。各種着色を施した場合も、着色なしの場合と同様に、菌なしの場合は陰性、菌がある場合は陽性となった。
1 クロマト展開用膜担体
2 標識用抗体添着部材(コンジュゲートパッド)
3 検体添加用部材(サンプルパッド)
4 吸収用部材(吸収パッド)
5 基材
6 捕捉用抗体固定部位
7 対照試薬固定部位
A 検体
B 検体流れ
Claims (21)
- 検体中の少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び/又はグラム陰性細菌を含む複数種の細菌群の溶菌方法であって、検体を、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む溶液で処理する工程を含み、前記界面活性剤がアミンオキシド及び第四級アンモニウムから選ばれる、前記方法。
- 前記複数種の細菌群が、少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び少なくとも1種以上のグラム陰性細菌を共に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記界面活性剤が、1種又は2種以上のアミンオキシドである、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記アミンオキシドが、N,N-ジメチルドデシルアミンN-オキシド(DDAO)である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記検体との処理時における溶液中の前記アミンオキシドの濃度が0.01~0.2質量%である、請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 前記界面活性剤が、1種又は2種以上の第四級アンモニウム塩である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記第四級アンモニウム塩が、塩化ベンザルコニウムである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記検体との処理時における溶液中の前記第四級アンモニウム塩の濃度が0.005~0.08質量%である、請求項6又は7に記載の方法。
- 前記溶菌酵素が、リゾスタフィンである、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記検体との処理時における溶液中の前記リゾスタフィンの濃度が、0.01μg/mL~5.0μg/mLである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記グラム陽性細菌が、少なくともスタフィロコッカス(ブドウ球菌)属(Staphylococcus)の細菌を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む溶液が、赤、青、及び緑から選択されるいずれかの色素を含む、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- イムノクロマト法による検体中の少なくとも1種以上の細菌を検出するために用いる、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 検体中の複数種の細菌群の検出方法であって、
請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法により、検体中の複数種の細菌群を溶菌する工程、及び
溶菌された細菌群から放出された細菌の抗原を、当該抗原と抗原抗体反応を生じる抗体を用いて検出する工程
を含む検出方法。 - 前記検出の対象となる検体中の複数種の細菌群が、少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌と、少なくとも1種以上のグラム陰性細菌とを共に含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記検出する工程がイムノクロマト法により行われる、請求項14又は15に記載の方法。
- 前記溶菌する工程により放出される細菌の抗原がL7抗原である、請求項14~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法において用いる、検体中の少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び/又はグラム陰性細菌を含む複数種の細菌群を溶菌するための溶菌キットであって、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素を含む、溶菌キット。
- 検体中の少なくとも1種以上のグラム陽性細菌及び/又はグラム陰性細菌を含む複数種の細菌群を検出するための細菌検出キットであって、
請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法で用いられる、界面活性剤及び溶菌酵素と、
以下の:
(a)対象細菌由来抗原と抗原抗体反応により第1の複合体を形成する標識用抗体が添着された標識用抗体添着部材、及び、
(b)第1の複合体と抗原抗体反応により第2の複合体を形成する捕捉用抗体が固定化された検出領域を有するストリップ
を含むイムノクロマト検出装置と
を含む、前記細菌検出キット。 - 検体中の細菌の有無及び/又は存在量を検出するための方法であって、
(I) 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法により、検体中の細菌を溶菌する工程、
(II)検体と、固相担体と固定された捕捉用抗体と、検出用標識を有する標識用抗体との抗原抗体反応により、検体中の細菌由来の抗原を捕捉すると共に、検体中の細菌由来の抗原を標識する工程、及び
(III)検体中の細菌を検出用標識に基づき検出する工程を含み、
捕捉用抗体及び標識用抗体のうち一方が、細菌を含む5以上の属の細菌由来の抗原と抗原抗体反応を生じる、1種又は2種以上の汎用性抗体であり、捕捉用抗体及び標識用抗体のうち他方が、1又は2以上の属の細菌と抗原抗体反応を生じる、1種又は2種以上の特異性抗体である、方法。 - 検体中の2種以上の細菌を単一の捕捉用抗体固定部位で検出する、請求項20に記載の方法。
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