WO2023087409A1 - 热应力消除结构 - Google Patents

热应力消除结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023087409A1
WO2023087409A1 PCT/CN2021/134901 CN2021134901W WO2023087409A1 WO 2023087409 A1 WO2023087409 A1 WO 2023087409A1 CN 2021134901 W CN2021134901 W CN 2021134901W WO 2023087409 A1 WO2023087409 A1 WO 2023087409A1
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Prior art keywords
main
bearing member
shrinkage
thermal stress
installation
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PCT/CN2021/134901
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡浩
李凯
刘建宏
乔伟超
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CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
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CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2023087409A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087409A1/zh
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/16—Auxiliary apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of material stress analysis, and more specifically relates to a thermal stress relief structure.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a thermal stress relief structure to relieve the internal stress of components in low temperature service when the operating temperature changes.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a thermal stress relief structure comprising a first main load-bearing component and a second main load-bearing component, the two ends in the length direction are respectively a fixed restraint end and a low-temperature end;
  • the low temperature end is provided with a main contraction body that fixes the first main bearing member and the second main bearing member;
  • Two installation sinks are provided on the main contraction body, respectively accommodating two T-joints on the first main load-bearing component and the second main load-bearing component;
  • It also includes a pressing plate for press-fitting the T-shaped joint in the installation sinker;
  • the pressing plate includes a main pressing plate arranged between the first main bearing member and the first main bearing member to support the two, and the shrinkage rate of the main pressing plate is smaller than that of the main shrinkage body;
  • a contraction gap is reserved between the installation sinker and the T-joint for the relative sliding of the two to fill.
  • the pressure plate further includes a peripheral pressure plate that compresses the circumference of the T-shaped joint, and the peripheral pressure plate includes a pressure plate main body that protrudes from the main pressure plate main body. installation part, the main press-fitting part is press-fitted on the main contraction body,
  • the shrinkage ratios of the first main load-bearing member and the second main load-bearing member are as stated in ⁇ the ⁇ .
  • the shrinkage ratio of the peripheral pressing plate is .
  • said, said and said are shrinkage rates at the same working temperature.
  • the contraction gap is located between the side wall of the installation sinker and the T-joint, and is far away from the first main bearing member and the first main bearing member. lateral shrinkage gap.
  • the contraction gap further includes a vertical contraction gap between the lower end surface of the T-joint and the installation sink.
  • the shrinkage gap further includes a compressed shrinkage gap between the T-shaped joint and the bottom wall of the installation sink.
  • the first main bearing member and the second main bearing member are symmetrically installed on the main contraction body, and the main pressure plate is fixed in the middle of the main contraction body
  • the thermal stress relief structure provided by the present invention includes a first main load-bearing component and a second main load-bearing component, and the two ends in the length direction are respectively a fixed restraint end and a low-temperature end;
  • the pressure plate is press-fitted in the installation sink; the pressure plate includes a main pressure plate arranged between the first main load-bearing component and the first main load-bearing component to support the two, and the shrinkage rate of the main pressure plate is smaller than that of the main shrinkage body;
  • a contraction gap is reserved between the installation sinker and the T-joint for the relative sliding of the two to fill.
  • the main shrinkage body works in a low temperature environment, and is supported by the first main load-bearing member and the second main load-bearing member connected to the external components.
  • the main shrinkage body is installed with a sinker to accommodate the T-shaped joint, and the sinker and the T-shaped joint are installed under normal temperature conditions. There is a contraction gap between them.
  • the main pressure plate After pressing the T-shaped joint into the installation sink through the pressure plate, the main pressure plate directly supports the first main bearing member and the second main bearing member, and the shrinkage rate of the main pressure plate is set to be smaller than that of the main shrinkage body. Shrinkage rate. Under low temperature conditions, the shrinkage of the main shrinkage body is greater than that of the main pressure plate.
  • the two installation sinks on it are close to each other.
  • the relative displacement of the two is less than the shrinkage of the main shrinkage body.
  • Fig. 1 is the exploded view of the thermal stress relief structure provided by the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the front view of the thermal stress relief structure provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view in the direction A-A of the thermal stress relief structure in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B direction of the thermal stress relief structure in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view in the C-C direction of the thermal stress relief structure in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view in the D-D direction of the thermal stress relief structure in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the I place in the thermal stress relief structure in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view of II in the thermal stress relief structure in FIG. 6 .
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded view of the thermal stress relief structure provided by the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a front view of the thermal stress relief structure provided by the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a thermal stress relief structure A-A in Fig. 2 Direction sectional view
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view in the B-B direction of the thermal stress relief structure in Fig. 2
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view in the C-C direction of the thermal stress relief structure in Fig. 2
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view in the D-D direction of the thermal stress relief structure in Fig. 2 .
  • This embodiment provides a thermal stress relief structure, including a first main bearing member 21 and a second main bearing member 22.
  • Two T-shaped joints 23 also includes a pressure plate for pressing the T-shaped joints 23 in the installation sink 11; the pressure plate is arranged between the first main bearing member 21 and the first main bearing member 22 to support the two
  • the main pressure plate 4 the shrinkage rate of the main pressure plate 4 is smaller than the shrinkage rate of the main shrinkage body 1; there is a shrinkage gap reserved between the installation sinker 11 and the T-shaped joint 23 for the relative sliding of the two to fill.
  • the main contraction body 1 receives the cold energy transferred by the cold source 5 and works in a low temperature environment. It is supported by the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 connected to the external components.
  • the main contraction body 1 is accommodated by the installation sink 11 Type joint 23, there is a contraction gap between the installation sinker 11 and the T-type joint 23 under normal temperature conditions, after the T-type joint 23 is pressed into the installation sinker 11 through the pressure plate, the main pressure plate 4 directly presses against the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 for support, and the shrinkage rate of the main pressing plate 4 is set to be smaller than that of the main shrinking body 1.
  • the two mounting sinkers 23 on it are close to each other, and the relative displacement between the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 due to the support of the main pressure plate 4 is smaller than the shrinkage of the main shrinking body 1,
  • the installation sinker 11 is filled and compacted in the sliding direction of the T-shaped joint 23, so as to avoid the simultaneous shrinkage of the two and transfer to
  • the stress of the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 avoids stress concentration and ensures the safety of the supporting structure.
  • the first main load-bearing component 21 and the second main load-bearing component 22 are press-fitted in the installation sinker 11 of the main shrinkage body 1 by the T-shaped joint 23 at both ends, and the bottom wall, the side wall of the installation sinker 11, and The pressure plate limits the circumference of the T-shaped joint 23.
  • the main contracting body 1 is located in a low-temperature environment, and the T-shaped joint 23 is installed in the installation sink 11, and in the process of entering a low-temperature environment from a normal temperature environment, the main contracting body 1 and the T-shaped joint 23 shrinks at the same time, a contraction gap is arranged between the T-shaped joint 23 and the installation sinker 11, the main pressure plate 4 is supported between the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22, and the main pressure plate 4 and the main shrinkage body The setting of the shrinkage rate between 1 is different.
  • the shrinkage of the main shrinking body 1 is greater than that of the main pressure plate 4.
  • the main pressure plate 4 will push the T-shaped joint 23 to slide relative to the installation sinker 11 during the contraction process.
  • the shrinkage rate of different materials is different, and the relative movement between the fixed parts is carried out by using the difference in shrinkage between different materials as the temperature changes. Due to the circumferential limit constraint of the installation sink 11 on the T-shaped joint 23, the two are realized without derived from movement.
  • the pressure plate also includes a peripheral pressure plate 3 that compresses the circumference of the T-shaped joint 23.
  • the peripheral pressure plate 3 includes a pressure plate main body 31, which protrudes from the main pressure mounting part 32 on the pressure plate main body 31.
  • the main pressure The mounting part 32 is press-fitted on the main contraction body 1 , and protrudes from the pressing plate main body 31 , and is press-fitted on the pressing table 33 on the T-shaped joint 23 .
  • the T-shaped joint 23 falls into the installation sinker 11 , and the two T-shaped joints 23 of the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 are simultaneously pressed and supported by the main pressure plate 4 at the ends close to each other.
  • a peripheral pressing plate 3 is arranged, and the peripheral pressing plate 3 is fixed to the main contracting body 1 by bolts 6, and the edge of the peripheral pressing plate 3 The periphery of the T-joint 23 is compressed.
  • the peripheral pressing plate 3 should not only provide the compression of the T-shaped joint 23 in the thickness direction, but also reduce the pressure on the T-shaped joint 23 as much as possible. Its resistance in the direction of slip.
  • the surrounding pressing plate 3 includes a pressing plate main body 31 , and the pressing plate main body 31 protrudes from the main pressing part 32 to abut against the main shrinking body 1 for the installation of the bolt 6 .
  • Pressing platform 33 also protrudes from the main body 31 of the pressing plate, and the T-shaped joint 23 is pressed by the end of the pressing platform 33.
  • the contact area between the peripheral pressing plate 3 and the T-shaped joint 23 is only the contact area between the pressing platform 33 and the T-shaped joint 23.
  • the gap between the main press-fitting part 32 and the press table 33 is used to ensure the pressing force while reducing the frictional contact area and reduce the difficulty of sliding the T-shaped joint 23 in the installation sinker 11 .
  • the shrinkage ratio of the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 is ⁇ .
  • Shrinkage gaps are reserved between the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 and the main shrinkage body 1.
  • the boundary of the installation sink 11 shrinks, and the T-shaped joint
  • the boundary of 23 also shrinks and becomes smaller, and the shrinkage rate of the T-shaped joint 23 is set to be smaller than the shrinkage rate of the main shrinkage body 1.
  • the main shrinkage body 1 will occupy the shrinkage gap, and the T-shaped joint 23 is tightly held in the installation sink 11, that is, utilizing different shrinkage ratios between different parts, the secondary positioning between the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 and the main shrinkage body 1 is realized by using low-temperature passive motion.
  • the shrinkage rate of the main pressure plate 4 is set to the minimum, it will have the least influence on the spacing between the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22, and provide the supporting force for the T-joint 23 to slide in the installation sinker 11, so that The distance between the low temperature end and the fixed constraining end is basically consistent, further reducing the relatively large internal stress generated by the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 being pressed against each other, and achieving the purpose of reducing or even eliminating the internal stress.
  • FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view of point I in the thermal stress relief structure in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a partial enlarged view of point II in the thermal stress relief structure in FIG. 6 .
  • the shrinkage rate of the peripheral pressing plate 3 is.
  • the contraction gap includes a lateral contraction gap t1 located between the side wall of the installation sinker and the T-joint, and away from the first main bearing member 21 and the first main bearing member.
  • the contraction gap also includes a vertical contraction gap t3 between the lower end surface of the T-joint 23 and the installation sink.
  • the contraction gap also includes a compressed contraction gap t2 between the T-joint 23 and the bottom wall of the installation sinker 11 .
  • the end of the main contraction body 1 is provided with a cold source 5, so it is a low-temperature end, and the free ends of the first main load-bearing member 21 and the second main load-bearing member 22 are normal-temperature ends and fixed constraints, so the definition along the length direction of the main contraction body 1 is x axis direction, which is the main contraction direction.
  • the main pressure plate 4 is made of a material with a low shrinkage rate, so that when the main shrinkage body 1 shrinks, the first main load-bearing member 21 and the second main load-bearing The distance between the members 22 in the x direction is as constant as possible, thereby reducing the internal stress of the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 in the structure.
  • the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 are both It is a rod-shaped structure.
  • a lateral contraction gap t1 is provided between the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 away from the longitudinal centerline of the mechanism and the main contraction body 1 .
  • the side of the T-shaped joint 23 close to the longitudinal centerline of the mechanism is fitted to the side wall of the installation sinker 11, and the distance L3 is the width of the T-shaped joint, which is also the width of one end of the T-shaped joint 23 from the side wall of the installation sinker.
  • the design of the peripheral pressing plate 3 can ensure the controllability of the contraction of the main contraction body 1 relative to the main bearing bar 2 in the x and y directions.
  • the depth direction of the installation sinker 11 is defined as the y-axis direction, and the vertical The direction is the z-axis direction, between the main shrinkage body 1 and the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 there is a compression shrinkage gap t2 in the y-axis direction, and a vertical shrinkage gap t3 in the z-axis direction.
  • a pressing table 33 is provided on the peripheral pressing plate 3 to reduce the contact area.
  • the main pressure plate 4 ensures that the distance between the two first main bearing members 21 and the second main bearing member 22 is as constant as possible, so a low shrinkage material A with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 2 is used;
  • first main load-bearing member 21 and the second main load-bearing member 22 adopt a medium shrinkage rate material C with a coefficient of thermal expansion of ;
  • the peripheral pressing plate 3 will form a reliable connection between the main shrinkage body 1 and the main bearing rod 2, so a low shrinkage rate material A with a thermal expansion coefficient of , that is, the shrinkage rate ⁇ is used.
  • the shrinkage gap when the component is connected is reserved to meet the matching degree of the structural parameters of each part at the low temperature service temperature, so that there is no source inside the mechanism. While the movement can be realized, the reliable connection between the various components is ensured.
  • the first main load-bearing member 21 and the second main load-bearing member 22 are symmetrically installed on the main contraction body 1
  • the main pressure plate 4 includes a central installation point fixed in the middle of the main contraction body 1
  • the end mounting points of the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 22 are respectively connected.
  • the main pressure plate 4, the main shrinkage body and the T-joint are all hard-connected through the central installation point and the end installation point, and the first main bearing member 21 and the second main bearing member 21 are provided by utilizing the structural strength of the main pressure plate 4 and each installation point
  • the main bearing member 22 maintains a support force at a fixed distance L1 to further reduce the generation of internal stress.

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Abstract

热应力消除结构，在常温条件下安装沉槽（11）与T型接头（23）之间具有收缩间隙，设置主压板（4）收缩率小于主收缩体（1）的收缩率，在低温条件下，主收缩体（1）的收缩量大于主压板（4）的收缩量，主收缩体（1）收缩后，其上两个安装沉槽（11）相互靠近，第一主承载构件（21）和第二主承载构件（22）由于主压板（4）的支撑，二者的相对位移量小于主收缩体（1）的收缩量，通过沿主收缩体（1）的收缩方向上，预留对T型接头（23）滑移的收缩间隙，使得安装沉槽（11）在T型接头（23）在滑移方向进行填充压紧，避免二者同步收缩传递至第一主承载构件（21）和第二主承载构件（22）的应力，避免应力集中，保证支撑结构的安全性。

Description

热应力消除结构
本申请要求于2021年11月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111400099.0、发明名称为“热应力消除结构”上述中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在上述申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及材料应力分析技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种热应力消除结构。
背景技术
在低温服役构件结构设计中，通常会涉及到温度从常温降至低温的工况，由于不同材料的线膨胀系数不同，加之常温端与低温端的收缩变形存在较大差异，将使得构件内部产生较大的应力，进而导致构件在结构设计时存在材料选型和结构复杂、轻量化设计理念难以实现，甚至会出现某些部件由于局部应力集中导致损坏的问题。
这里，应当指出的是，本部分中所提供的技术内容旨在有助于本领域技术人员对本发明的理解，而不一定构成现有技术。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种热应力消除结构，以消除低温服役构件在工况温度变化时的内部应力。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种热应力消除结构，包括第一主承载构件和第二主承载构件，二者长度方向的两端分别为固定约束端和低温端；
所述低温端设置对所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件进行固装的主收缩体；
所述主收缩体上开设两个安装沉槽，分别容置所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件上的两个T型接头；
还包括将所述T型接头压装于所述安装沉槽内的压板；
所述压板包括设于所述第一主承载构件和所述第一主承载构件之间，对 二者进行支撑的主压板，所述主压板的收缩率小于所述主收缩体的收缩率；
所述安装沉槽和所述T型接头之间预留有供二者相对滑移填充的收缩间隙。
优选地，在上述热应力消除结构中，所述压板还包括对所述T型接头的周圈进行压紧的周边压板，所述周边压板包括压板主体，伸出于所述压板主体上主压装部，所述主压装部压装于所述主收缩体上，
和伸出于所述压板主体，并压装于所述T型接头上的压台。
优选地，在上述热应力消除结构中，所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件的收缩率为，所述<所述<所述。
优选地，在上述热应力消除结构中，所述周边压板的收缩率为。
优选地，在上述热应力消除结构中，所述、所述和所述为在相同工作温度下的收缩率。
优选地，在上述热应力消除结构中，所述收缩间隙包括位于所述安装沉槽的侧壁和T型接头之间，并远离与所述第一主承载构件和所述第一主承载构件的横向收缩间隙。
优选地，在上述热应力消除结构中，所述收缩间隙还包括位于所述T型接头的下端面和所述安装沉槽之间的竖向收缩间隙。
优选地，在上述热应力消除结构中，所述收缩间隙还包括位于所述T型接头和所述安装沉槽的底壁之间的压紧收缩间隙。
优选地，在上述热应力消除结构中，所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件对称安装于所述主收缩体上，所述主压板包括固装于所述主收缩体中部的中心安装点，及分别连接所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件的端部安装点。
本发明提供的热应力消除结构，包括第一主承载构件和第二主承载构件，二者长度方向的两端分别为固定约束端和低温端；低温端设置对第一主承载构件和第二主承载构件进行固装的主收缩体；主收缩体上开设两个安装沉槽，分别容置第一主承载构件和第二主承载构件上的两个T型接头；还包括将T型接头压装于安装沉槽内的压板；压板包括设于第一主承载构件和第一主承载构件之间，对二者进行支撑的主压板，主压板的收缩率小于主收缩体的收缩率；安装沉槽和T型接头之间预留有供二者相对滑移填充的收缩间隙。主收缩体工 作于低温环境，由第一主承载构件和第二主承载构件连接外部构件进行支撑，主收缩体由安装沉槽容置T型接头，在常温条件下安装沉槽与T型接头之间具有收缩间隙，通过压板将T型接头压装到安装沉槽内后，主压板直接对第一主承载构件和第二主承载构件进行支撑，同时设置主压板收缩率小于主收缩体的收缩率，在低温条件下，主收缩体的收缩量大于主压板的收缩量，主收缩体收缩后，其上两个安装沉槽相互靠近，第一主承载构件和第二主承载构件由于主压板的支撑，二者的相对位移量小于主收缩体的收缩量，通过沿主收缩体的收缩方向上，预留对T型接头滑移的收缩间隙，使得安装沉槽在T型接头在滑移方向进行填充压紧，避免二者同步收缩传递至第一主承载构件和第二主承载构件的应力，避免应力集中，保证支撑结构的安全性。
附图说明
通过以下参照附图对本发明实施例的描述，本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点将更为清楚，在附图中：
图1为本发明提供的热应力消除结构的爆炸视图；
图2为本发明提供的热应力消除结构的主视图；
图3为图2中热应力消除结构A-A方向剖视图；
图4为图2中热应力消除结构B-B方向剖视图；
图5为图2中热应力消除结构C-C方向剖视图；
图6为图2中热应力消除结构D-D方向剖视图；
图7为图3中热应力消除结构中I处的局部放大图；
图8为图6中热应力消除结构中Ⅱ处的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
以下基于实施例对本发明进行描述，但是本发明并不仅仅限于这些实施例。
如图1-图6所示，图1为本发明提供的热应力消除结构的爆炸视图；图2为本发明提供的热应力消除结构的主视图；图3为图2中热应力消除结构A-A方向剖视图；图4为图2中热应力消除结构B-B方向剖视图；图5为图2中热应力消除结构C-C方向剖视图；图6为图2中热应力消除结构D-D方向剖视图。
本实施例提供了一种热应力消除结构，包括第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22，二者长度方向的两端分别为固定约束端和低温端；低温端设置对第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22进行固装的主收缩体1；主收缩体1上开设两个安装沉槽11，分别容置第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22上的两个T型接头23；还包括将T型接头23压装于安装沉槽11内的压板；压板包括设于第一主承载构件21和第一主承载构件22之间，对二者进行支撑的主压板4，主压板4的收缩率小于主收缩体1的收缩率；安装沉槽11和T型接头23之间预留有供二者相对滑移填充的收缩间隙。
主收缩体1受到冷源5传递的冷量，工作于低温环境，由第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22连接外部构件进行支撑，主收缩体1由安装沉槽11容置T型接头23，在常温条件下安装沉槽11与T型接头23之间具有收缩间隙，通过压板将T型接头23压装到安装沉槽11内后，主压板4直接对第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22进行支撑，同时设置主压板4收缩率小于主收缩体1的收缩率，在低温条件下，主收缩体1的收缩量大于主压板4的收缩量，主收缩体1收缩后，其上两个安装沉槽23相互靠近，第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22由于主压板4的支撑，二者的相对位移量小于主收缩体1的收缩量，通过沿主收缩体1的收缩方向上，预留对T型接头23滑移的收缩间隙，使得安装沉槽11在T型接头23在滑移方向进行填充压紧，避免二者同步收缩传递至第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22的应力，避免应力集中，保证支撑结构的安全性。
第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22由二者端部的T型接头23压装于主收缩体1的安装沉槽11内，由安装沉槽11的底壁、侧壁，以及压板对T型接头23的周圈进行限位，主收缩体1位于低温环境，T型接头23装入安装沉槽11，并由常温环境进入低温环境过程中，主收缩体1和T型接头23同时收缩，T型接头23和安装沉槽11之间布置收缩间隙，主压板4支撑于第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22之间，并通过将主压板4和主收缩体1之间收缩率设置不同，主收缩体1的收缩量大于主压板4，主压板4将推动T型接头23在收缩过程中，与安装沉槽11之间产生相对滑移，通过利用不同材料的收缩率不同，利用不同材质之间随温度变化收缩量的不同，进行固装部件之间的相对运动，由于安装沉槽11对T型接头23的周向限位约束，实现二者的无 源自运动。
在本案一具体实施例中，压板还包括对T型接头23的周圈进行压紧的周边压板3，周边压板3包括压板主体31，伸出于压板主体31上主压装部32，主压装部32压装于主收缩体1上，和伸出于压板主体31，并压装于T型接头23上的压台33。T型接头23落入安装沉槽11内，第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22的两个T型接头23，在相互靠近的一端，由主压板4同步压紧支撑。
在T型接头23的顶部和下方(该方位以主收缩体安装位置为准)，均布置一个周边压板3，周边压板3由螺栓6固装到主收缩体1上，由周边压板3的边缘对T型接头23的周边进行压紧。
同时，由于T型接头23在主收缩体1收缩过程中，在安装沉槽11内滑移，周边压板3既要提供对T型接头23在厚度方向的压紧，又需要尽可能的降低对其在滑移方向的阻力。设置周边压板3包括压板主体31，压板主体31伸出主压装部32与主收缩体1相抵，用于螺栓6的安装。压板主体31上还伸出压台33，由压台33的端部对T型接头23进行压紧，周边压板3与T型接头23的接触面积仅为压台33与T型接头23的接触端，利用主压装部32和压台33之间的间隙，保证压紧力的同时减少摩擦接触面积，降低T型接头23在安装沉槽11内的滑移难度。
进一步地，第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22的收缩率为，<<。
第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22与主收缩体1之间预留有收缩间隙，利用部件之间收缩率不同，在进入到低温环境，安装沉槽11边界收缩，T型接头23的边界也收缩变小，设置T型接头23的收缩率小于主收缩体1的收缩率，达到预定低温环境，主收缩体1将占据收缩间隙，将T型接头23抱紧在安装沉槽11内，即利用了不同部件之间不同的收缩率，利用低温无源自运动实现了第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22与主收缩体1之间的二次定位。
主压板4的收缩率设置为最小，则其对第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22的间距影响最小，并提供T型接头23在安装沉槽11内滑移的支撑力，使得低温端和固定约束端的间距基本保持一致，进一步降低第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22受到相向的挤压而产生较大的内应力，达到减少甚至 消除内应力的目的。
如图7和图8所示，图7为图3中热应力消除结构中I处的局部放大图；图8为图6中热应力消除结构中Ⅱ处的局部放大图。
在本案一具体实施例中，周边压板3的收缩率为。
进一步地，、和为在相同工作温度下的收缩率。
在本案一具体实施例中，收缩间隙包括位于安装沉槽的侧壁和T型接头之间，并远离与第一主承载构件21和第一主承载构件的横向收缩间隙t1。
收缩间隙还包括位于T型接头23的下端面和安装沉槽之间的竖向收缩间隙t3。
收缩间隙还包括位于T型接头23和安装沉槽11的底壁之间的压紧收缩间隙t2。
主收缩体1端设置冷源5故为低温端，第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22的自由端部为常温端且为固定约束，故定义沿主收缩体1长度方向为x轴方向，该方向为主收缩方向。
为消除由于主收缩体1沿x方向的收缩量产生的自身内应力，主压板4采用收缩率低的材料，以实现在主收缩体1收缩时，第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22在x方向上的间距尽量不变，进而降低结构内第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22的内应力，优选地，第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22均为杆状结构。
因此，在第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22远离机构纵向中心线侧与主收缩体1之间设有横向收缩间隙t1。T型接头23靠近机构纵向中心线的一侧，与安装沉槽11的侧壁贴合，间距L3为T型接头的宽度，同时为T型接头23一端距安装沉槽侧壁的宽度，降低机构各构件收缩后产生较大的间隙。
周边压板3的设计可确保主收缩体1相对于主承载杆2在x、y方向收缩的可控性。
为保证在主收缩体1收缩时，便于与第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22之间相对位移的发生，形成可靠连接，定义安装沉槽11的深度方向为y轴方向，竖向为z轴方向，主收缩体1与第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22之间在y轴方向设有压紧收缩间隙t2，在z轴方向设有竖向收缩间隙t3。 同时，周边压板3上设有压台33，以减小接触面积。
由主压板4确保两个第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22间的距离尽量不变，故采用热膨胀系数为的低收缩率材料A；
考虑主收缩体1收缩时将相对于第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22自运动，且将与第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22产生可靠连接，故采用热膨胀系数为的高收缩率材料B；
则第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22采用热膨胀系数为的中收缩率材料C；
周边压板3将使主收缩体1和主承载杆2之间形成可靠连接，故采用热膨胀系数为的低收缩率材料A，即收缩率＜＜。
通过确定构件在服役温度下各部件收缩量，通过获得的各部件收缩量，预留构件连接时的收缩间隙，以满足在低温服役温度时，各部件结构参数匹配度，使得机构内部无源自运动可实现的同时，确保各部件间的可靠连接。
在本案一具体实施例中，第一主承载构件21和所述第二主承载构件22对称安装于主收缩体1上，主压板4包括固装于主收缩体1中部的中心安装点，及分别连接第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22的端部安装点。主压板4与主收缩体和T型接头之间通过中心安装点和端部安装点，均实现硬连接，利用主压板4自身结构强度和各个安装点，提供第一主承载构件21和第二主承载构件22保持固定间距L1的支撑力，进一步减少内部应力的产生。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域技术人员而言，本发明可以有各种改动和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种热应力消除结构，其特征在于，包括第一主承载构件和第二主承载构件，二者长度方向的两端分别为固定约束端和低温端；
    所述低温端设置对所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件进行固装的主收缩体；
    所述主收缩体上开设两个安装沉槽，分别容置所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件上的两个T型接头；
    还包括将所述T型接头压装于所述安装沉槽内的压板；
    所述压板包括设于所述第一主承载构件和所述第一主承载构件之间，对二者进行支撑的主压板，所述主压板的收缩率小于所述主收缩体的收缩率；
    所述安装沉槽和所述T型接头之间预留有供二者相对滑移填充的收缩间隙。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热应力消除结构，其特征在于，所述压板还包括对所述T型接头的周圈进行压紧的周边压板，所述周边压板包括压板主体，伸出于所述压板主体上主压装部，所述主压装部压装于所述主收缩体上，
    和伸出于所述压板主体，并压装于所述T型接头上的压台。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的热应力消除结构，其特征在于，所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件的收缩率为，所述<所述<所述。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的热应力消除结构，其特征在于，所述周边压板的收缩率为。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的热应力消除结构，其特征在于，所述、所述和所述为在相同工作温度下的收缩率。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的热应力消除结构，其特征在于，所述收缩间隙包括位于所述安装沉槽的侧壁和T型接头之间，并远离与所述第一主承载构件和所述第一主承载构件的横向收缩间隙。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的热应力消除结构，其特征在于，所述收缩间隙还包括位于所述T型接头的下端面和所述安装沉槽之间的竖向收缩间隙。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的热应力消除结构，其特征在于，所述收缩间隙 还包括位于所述T型接头和所述安装沉槽的底壁之间的压紧收缩间隙。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的热应力消除结构，其特征在于，所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件对称安装于所述主收缩体上，所述主压板包括固装于所述主收缩体中部的中心安装点，及分别连接所述第一主承载构件和所述第二主承载构件的端部安装点。
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