WO2023087217A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法、制造设备、电池和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法、制造设备、电池和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023087217A1
WO2023087217A1 PCT/CN2021/131506 CN2021131506W WO2023087217A1 WO 2023087217 A1 WO2023087217 A1 WO 2023087217A1 CN 2021131506 W CN2021131506 W CN 2021131506W WO 2023087217 A1 WO2023087217 A1 WO 2023087217A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
battery cell
electrode assemblies
groups
tabs
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PCT/CN2021/131506
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴益扬
叶永煌
王育文
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202180088165.7A priority Critical patent/CN116670876B/zh
Priority to EP21964375.6A priority patent/EP4358202A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/131506 priority patent/WO2023087217A1/zh
Publication of WO2023087217A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087217A1/zh
Priority to US18/411,765 priority patent/US20240154260A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/112—Monobloc comprising multiple compartments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H01M50/557—Plate-shaped terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery cell and its manufacturing method, manufacturing equipment, battery and electrical device.
  • batteries such as lithium-ion have the advantages of high energy density, high power density, many cycle times, and long storage time, they have been widely used in electric vehicles.
  • the purpose of this application is to improve the performance of the battery.
  • a battery cell including:
  • a housing having an opening disposed toward a first direction
  • an end cap assembly configured to close the opening, the end cap assembly includes an end cap body and two types of electrode terminals with opposite polarities arranged on the end cap body;
  • At least two sets of electrode assemblies are arranged side by side in the casing along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, each set of electrode assemblies in the at least two sets of electrode assemblies includes at least one electrode assembly, the electrode assembly includes a main body and a secondary Two kinds of tabs with opposite polarities drawn from the main body;
  • the polarities of the two tabs that are close to each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies are the same, and are commonly connected to an electrode terminal of the same polarity, and the polarities of the two tabs that are far away from each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies They are the same and are respectively connected to an electrode terminal of the same polarity.
  • At least two groups of electrode assemblies are arranged side by side along the second direction in the casing, without increasing the size of the electrode assembly along the thickness direction, avoiding increasing the heat dissipation path inside the electrode assembly, and increasing the capacity of the battery cell.
  • On the basis of improving the heat dissipation effect there is no need to make a large electrode assembly, which can reduce the difficulty of manufacturing and reduce the rate of defective products, thereby improving the quality and manufacturing efficiency of battery cells.
  • the polarities of the two tabs that are close to each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies are the same, and they are commonly connected to an electrode terminal of the same polarity.
  • the tabs of the same polarity are conveniently connected together, shortening the length of the connector used to connect the tabs of the same polarity, simplifying the electrical connection structure of the battery cell, and reducing the internal resistance of the battery cell;
  • the ear is in a relatively independent area in the second direction, which reduces the risk of short circuit and improves the safety of the battery cell; the same polarity tabs in two adjacent sets of electrode assemblies can be easily connected without considering different polarities.
  • the problem of avoiding the connection of the polar tabs, allowing the tabs to be bent, can reduce the space occupied by the tabs in the first direction, thereby improving the energy density of the battery cell;
  • the distance between the polar lugs is relatively short. When they are commonly connected to the electrode terminals of the same polarity, the distance between electrons transmitted to the electrode terminals through different tabs is relatively short, which can reduce heat generation and is conducive to heat conduction and distribution, reducing the risk of battery cell temperature rise and improving work safety.
  • the sum of the number of all electrode terminals in the two types of electrode terminals is N1
  • the number of at least two sets of electrode assemblies is N2 groups
  • N1 is an odd number greater than or equal to 3
  • N2 is an odd number greater than or equal to 2 even.
  • the sum of the number of all electrode terminals in the two types of electrode terminals is N1
  • the number of at least two groups of electrode assemblies is N2 groups
  • This embodiment can make the tabs of the same polarity in the adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies be connected to the same electrode terminal, and only the outermost tab is independently connected to an electrode terminal, which is beneficial to connect the adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies to the same electrode terminal.
  • the tabs of the same polarity are conveniently connected together, which simplifies the electrical connection structure inside the battery cell and minimizes the number of electrode terminals.
  • all the electrode terminals of the two kinds of electrode terminals are arranged at intervals along the second direction, and each electrode terminal is arranged opposite to the tab to which it is connected along the first direction.
  • This embodiment can make the electrode terminal close to the tab connected to it, which is convenient for the electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the tab, and it is easy to realize direct connection when the lead-out length of the tab is appropriate, or even if an adapter is used for connection, it can also reduce the The size of the adapter is small, and it can also increase the effective connection area between the electrode terminal and the tab, and improve the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell.
  • both tabs lead out towards the end cap assembly.
  • This embodiment considers that the battery cell is arranged side by side with multiple sets of electrode assemblies along the second direction, so that the size of the battery cell is larger in the second direction. Occupying additional space in the second direction can also reduce the distance between adjacent sets of electrode assemblies, thereby minimizing the size of the battery cell in the second direction, so as to satisfy the performance of a large-capacity battery cell Balance the size ratio of each direction. Moreover, the lead-out method of the tab can simplify the structure of the adapter and reduce the difficulty of assembly. In addition, drawing the two tabs from the same side of the main body can reduce the space occupied by the tabs in the first direction and increase the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes: a first adapter and a second adapter, and the two tabs that are close to each other in two adjacent groups of electrode assemblies are connected to a pole of the same polarity through the first adapter.
  • the electrode terminals of the two adjacent groups of electrode assemblies that are far away from each other are respectively connected to an electrode terminal of the same polarity through the second adapter.
  • the tab is electrically connected to the electrode terminal through the adapter, which can not only make the tab match the height of the electrode terminal protruding into the housing in the first direction, but also make the electrode terminal and the adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies mutually
  • the two tabs are first lapped together through the adapter, and then the electrode terminal is connected to the adapter, which is conducive to increasing the effective electrical connection area. for easy connection. If the welding method is used, the number of times of transfer welding can be reduced, thereby reducing the resistance in the current loop, preventing the welding energy from burning the electrode assembly, and improving the assembly quality.
  • the electrode assembly is a wound structure, and the winding axis of the electrode assembly is arranged along the first direction.
  • the winding axis of the electrode assembly is set along the first direction, so that the electrolyte can be evenly infiltrated to the end of the electrode assembly, so that the first pole piece and the second pole piece are electrically conductive at each position, and the stability of the battery cell is improved. performance.
  • the electrode assembly has a flat surface and an arc surface, the flat surface of the electrode assembly is arranged perpendicular to the third direction, the third direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the first direction, and the circles of each adjacent two sets of electrode assemblies The arc surfaces are oppositely arranged along the second direction.
  • This embodiment adopts a winding electrode assembly, which is easy to implement mechanized manufacturing, has better uniformity, and is conducive to mass production. Moreover, the direction in which multiple sets of electrode assemblies are arranged side by side is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the electrode assemblies. Compared with the stacked arrangement of multiple sets of electrode assemblies along the thickness direction, the heat dissipation effect can be enhanced on the basis of realizing a large-capacity battery cell. When it is charged or used for a long time, the service life, reliability and safety of the battery are improved; it can also solve the problem that the long stroke of the pole piece affects the manufacturing efficiency and success rate of the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly is a stacked structure, and the electrode assembly has a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities stacked along a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the first direction.
  • This embodiment adopts a laminated electrode assembly, and the size setting is relatively flexible.
  • the first pole piece and the second pole piece can be cut into a rectangular structure, which can better occupy the space in the casing and increase the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the direction in which multiple sets of electrode assemblies are arranged side by side is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the electrode assemblies. Compared with the stacked arrangement of multiple sets of electrode assemblies along the thickness direction, the heat dissipation effect can be enhanced on the basis of realizing a large-capacity battery cell. Improve battery life, reliability and safety when charging or using for a long time.
  • each group of electrode assemblies includes a plurality of electrode assemblies, and the plurality of electrode assemblies are stacked along a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the first direction.
  • each group of electrode assemblies is designed as a form in which multiple electrode assemblies are superimposed along the third direction.
  • the capacity of the battery cell can be increased.
  • the thickness of a group of electrode assemblies is constant, the length of the pole piece in the wound electrode assembly can be reduced, or the number of stacked layers of the pole piece in the stacked electrode assembly can be reduced.
  • the battery cell includes two sets of electrode assemblies, and the two kinds of electrode terminals include a first electrode terminal and two second electrode terminals arranged at intervals along the second direction, and the first electrode terminal is arranged on the two second electrode terminals. Between the terminals, the two tabs of the electrode assembly include a first tab and a second tab;
  • first tabs of the two sets of electrode assemblies are arranged close to each other and are connected to the first electrode terminals
  • the second tabs of the two sets of electrode assemblies are located on both sides of the first tab along the second direction, and are connected to the same side respectively.
  • the second electrode terminal is connected.
  • two sets of electrode assemblies are arranged side by side along the second direction in the casing, which can improve the heat dissipation effect on the basis of increasing the capacity of the battery cell.
  • the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminals located on both sides are arranged at intervals in the second direction, and each electrode terminal is electrically connected to the tab in the corresponding area, which can avoid complex electrical connections inside the battery cell.
  • the structure simplifies the structure, is easy to assemble, and also reduces the risk of short circuit, which can improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • the size ratio of the battery cell in the three orthogonal directions can be balanced as much as possible to ensure the overall strength and prevent the battery cell from being deformed during use.
  • the battery cell further includes at least one separator disposed in the housing, the at least one separator is configured to divide the space in the housing into at least two accommodation chambers along the second direction, and at least two groups of electrodes The components are arranged in at least two accommodating cavities in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • This embodiment can be used to position and limit the electrode assembly by setting the separator, avoiding the shaking and mutual interference between multiple sets of electrode assemblies during use, making the position of the electrode assembly more stable, and preventing collisions from causing the pole piece
  • the falling off of the active material affects the performance, or the position of the electrical connection between the tab and the electrode terminal is disengaged due to frequent misalignment, and it can also ensure the insulation performance between two adjacent electrode assemblies, thereby improving the reliability of the battery cell.
  • At least one partition is attached to the housing.
  • the separator is connected to the casing, so that the position between the separator and the casing can be relatively fixed, so as to better position and limit the electrode assembly; moreover, since at least The two sets of electrode assemblies increase the size of the shell along the first direction.
  • the separator can form a support for the shell and strengthen the overall strength of the shell. , can prevent the deformation of the casing, and improve the assembly quality and reliability of the battery cells.
  • the rigidity of the shell located between the adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies can be enhanced, so that the expansion processes of different sets of electrode assemblies are independent of each other, avoiding mutual influence, and making the electrode assemblies suffer from expansion force during use.
  • the force is uniform everywhere, so that the current distribution inside the electrode assembly is uniform, so as to avoid the capacity "diving", thereby improving the service life of the battery cell.
  • adjacent accommodating cavities communicate with each other.
  • adjacent accommodating cavities communicate with each other, so that the electrolytes in different accommodating cavities can communicate with each other, so that the capacity and concentration of the electrolyte in each accommodating cavity are balanced, so that when the battery cells are working, different accommodating cavities
  • the charging and discharging process of the internal electrode assembly is more balanced; moreover, during the working process of the battery cell, the flow of electrolyte can also balance the heat distribution in different accommodation chambers, preventing local temperature rise from being too high.
  • the thickness of the partition is greater than the thickness of the housing.
  • the rigidity of the middle area of the casing can be better strengthened, so that when the electrode assembly is subjected to expansion force during use, the force is uniform everywhere, so as not to cause the capacity to "diving", thereby further improving the battery capacity. body life.
  • a first preset distance H1 is set between the partition and the bottom wall of the housing.
  • This communication structure can make the accommodation chambers on both sides of the partition communicate, so that the electrolyte in the accommodation chambers on both sides can flow freely. Reduced flow resistance allows better balance of electrolyte volume and concentration.
  • the two kinds of tabs are led out towards the end cover assembly, the second end of the separator close to the end cover assembly is lower than the end surface of the main body by a second preset distance H2, and the end surface of the main body is used to lead out the two poles. Ear.
  • the separator is lower than the main body, which can prevent the short circuit caused by the contact between the tab and the separator when it is bent, and prevent the short circuit caused by the contact between the separator and the first adapter piece, which can improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • the ratio of the first dimension L1 of the battery cell in the second direction to the second dimension L2 in the third direction ranges from 8 to 130, wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the second direction and the first direction.
  • multiple sets of electrode assemblies are arranged side by side in the second direction.
  • the size along the third direction can be reduced.
  • the long battery cell can not only meet the demand of large capacity, but also optimize the heat dissipation effect, and has better performance.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece and a second pole piece arranged in layers, the second pole piece is a negative pole piece, the area of the negative pole piece used to form the main body is coated with a negative active material, and the negative pole is active.
  • the coating weight CW of the substance and the thickness THK of the shell satisfy the following relationship:
  • the battery cell of this embodiment can achieve the effect of improving fast charging capability and temperature rise not exceeding a preset threshold.
  • a battery including the battery cell of the above embodiment.
  • the battery includes a battery module, the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells includes first battery cells and second battery cells arranged alternately side by side along a third direction, and the third direction is vertical In the second direction and the first direction, the polarities of the electrode terminals of the first battery cell and the second battery cell located at the same position along the second direction are opposite;
  • an electric device including the battery of the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • a method for manufacturing a battery cell including:
  • Electrode providing step provide at least two sets of electrode assemblies, each of the at least two sets of electrode assemblies includes at least one electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly includes a main body and two types of tabs with opposite polarities drawn from the main body;
  • Electrode placement step arrange at least two groups of electrode assemblies side by side in the casing along the second direction, wherein the casing has an opening facing the first direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and every adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies
  • the two tabs that are close to each other have the same polarity, and the two tabs that are far away from each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies have the same polarity;
  • End cover installation step close the opening of the housing with the end cover assembly, wherein the end cover assembly includes the end cover body and two kinds of electrode terminals with opposite polarities arranged on the end cover body;
  • Terminal connection step Connect the two tabs that are close to each other in each adjacent two sets of electrode assemblies to an electrode terminal of the same polarity, and connect the two tabs that are far away from each other in each adjacent two sets of electrode assemblies to an electrode terminal of the same polarity.
  • a battery cell manufacturing equipment including:
  • the electrode providing device is configured to provide at least two sets of electrode assemblies, each set of electrode assemblies in the at least two sets of electrode assemblies includes at least one electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly includes a main body and two opposite polarities drawn from the main body Ear;
  • the electrode placement device is configured to arrange at least two groups of electrode assemblies side by side in the casing along the second direction, wherein the casing has an opening facing the first direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and every two adjacent groups
  • the two tabs close to each other in the electrode assembly have the same polarity, and the two tabs far away from each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies have the same polarity;
  • the end cap installation device is configured to close the end cap assembly to the opening of the housing, wherein the end cap assembly includes an end cap body and two kinds of electrode terminals with opposite polarities arranged on the end cap body; and
  • the terminal connection device is configured to connect the two pole ears close to each other in each adjacent two sets of electrode assemblies to an electrode terminal of the same polarity, and connect the two poles far away from each other in each adjacent two sets of electrode assemblies The ears are respectively connected to an electrode terminal of the same polarity.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of some embodiments of the present application in which batteries are installed in vehicles.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the battery of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic view of some embodiments of battery cells of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an outline view of some embodiments of battery cells of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 4 .
  • Fig. 7 is a sectional view along A-A of Fig. 6 .
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of some embodiments of an electrode assembly in a wound structure.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of some embodiments of an electrode assembly in a laminated structure.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of a battery module.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a polarity setting of the electrode terminals in the battery module shown in FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 12 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 11 .
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of other embodiments of the battery module.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic flowchart of some embodiments of the battery cell manufacturing method of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the module composition of some embodiments of the battery cell manufacturing equipment of the present application.
  • Electrode assembly 31. Main body; 32. Tab; 321. First tab; 322. Second tab; 33. First pole piece; 34. Second pole piece; 35 , diaphragm; 36, flat surface; 37, arc surface; 3', electrode string; 4, first adapter; 5, second adapter;
  • 100 a battery cell; 101, a first battery cell; 102, a second battery cell;
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least some of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the occurrences of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including multiple battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • a current battery cell generally includes a case and an electrode assembly accommodated in the case, and the case is filled with electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is mainly formed by stacking or winding a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities, and a diaphragm is usually arranged between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the part of the first pole piece and the second pole piece coated with the active material constitutes the main body of the electrode assembly, and the part of the first pole piece and the second pole piece not coated with the active material constitutes the first tab and the second tab respectively.
  • the first pole piece can be a positive pole piece, including a positive current collector and a positive active material layer arranged on both sides of the positive current collector.
  • the material of the positive current collector can be aluminum, for example, and the positive active material can be, for example, Lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.; the second pole piece can be a negative pole piece, including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer arranged on both sides of the negative electrode current collector, and the material of the negative electrode current collector
  • it may be copper
  • the negative electrode active material may be, for example, graphite or silicon.
  • the first tab and the second tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively. During the charge and discharge process of the battery cell, the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the terminals to form a current loop.
  • the inventors have found in practice that when the battery needs to achieve a larger capacity, more battery cells need to be installed. A large number of battery cells will increase the weight and volume ratio of structural parts that do not contribute to the capacity, and reduce the battery capacity. Energy Density. In order to solve this problem, when the battery needs a certain capacity, it is necessary to reduce the number of battery cells, which requires increasing the capacity of each battery cell.
  • the inventor thought of increasing the thickness of the battery cell, for example, increasing the thickness of a single electrode assembly, or increasing the number of stacked electrode assemblies, but for fast-charging batteries, Increased thickness is not conducive to battery heat dissipation, thereby affecting the service life, reliability and safety of the battery.
  • Another way of thinking is to increase the width of the battery cell, but this will lead to the growth of the pole piece and separator, which will increase the risk of wrinkling and misalignment of the pole piece and separator, thereby reducing the quality and manufacturing efficiency of the battery cell.
  • the inventor tried to arrange multiple electrode assemblies side by side in the width direction of the battery cell, and The respective positive tabs of the multiple electrode assemblies are electrically connected to the positive terminals, and the respective negative tabs of the multiple electrode assemblies are electrically connected to the negative terminals.
  • the battery of the present application can be used in electric devices, which can provide electric energy for electric devices.
  • the devices can be mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc., for example, spacecraft Including airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric toys Tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers.
  • the electrical device can be a vehicle 300, such as a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, etc.; or the electrical device can also be a drone or a ship, etc. .
  • the vehicle 300 may include an axle 301, a wheel 302 connected to the axle 301, a motor 303, a controller 304 and a battery 200, the motor 303 is used to drive the axle 301 to rotate, and the controller 304 is used to control the operation of the motor 303,
  • the battery 200 can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 300 to provide electric energy for the operation of the motor 303 and other components in the vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of a battery 200 of the present application, and the battery 200 includes a casing assembly 201 and a battery cell 100 .
  • the battery 200 there may be one or more battery cells 100 . If there are multiple battery cells 100, the multiple battery cells 100 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed. 100 are firstly connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole, which is accommodated in the housing assembly 201 . It may also be that all the battery cells 100 are directly connected in series, parallel or mixed together, and then all the battery cells 100 are housed in the housing assembly 201 as a whole.
  • the inside of the casing assembly 201 is a hollow structure, and at least one battery module 200' is accommodated in the casing assembly 201.
  • the housing assembly 201 may include a case 201A and a cover 201B.
  • the box body 201A and the cover body 201B are fastened together.
  • both the box body 201A and the cover body 201B can be hollow cuboids and each has only one face as an opening surface.
  • the box 201A is a cuboid with an opening and the cover 201B is a plate, or the cover 201B is a cuboid with an opening and the box 201A is a plate, and the box 201A and the cover 201B are arranged oppositely and snapped together.
  • a box is formed with a closed chamber. After at least one battery module 200' is connected in parallel, in series or mixed, it is placed in a closed chamber formed by fastening the box body 201A and the cover body 201B.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 100 , including a casing 1 , an end cap assembly 2 and at least two sets of electrode assemblies 3 .
  • the housing 1 has an opening 11 disposed toward the first direction Z; the end cap assembly 2 is configured to close the opening 11, and the end cap assembly 2 includes an end cap body 21 and two opposite polarity electrodes arranged on the end cap body 21 Terminal 22.
  • At least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged side by side in the casing 1 along the second direction X, the second direction X is perpendicular to the first direction Z, and each group of electrode assemblies 3 in the at least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 includes at least one electrode assembly 3.
  • the electrode assembly 3 includes a main body 31 and two types of tabs 32 drawn out from the main body 31 with opposite polarities.
  • the two tabs 32 that are close to each other in every adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 have the same polarity and are commonly connected to an electrode terminal 22 of the same polarity.
  • the two tabs 32 that are far away from each other have the same polarity and are respectively connected to an electrode terminal 22 of the same polarity.
  • the casing 1 is a hollow structure for accommodating the electrode assembly 3 , and the casing 1 has an opening 11 , and the end cap body 21 is used to cover the opening 11 .
  • the end cap body 21 has a rectangular plate-like structure.
  • the two kinds of electrode terminals 22 are respectively a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and one or more of each electrode terminal 22 may be provided.
  • the electrode terminal 22 can be a rectangular column or a cylinder or the like.
  • the electrode terminal 22 and the end cap body 21 can be integrally injection-molded to reduce assembly difficulty, or other assembly methods can be adopted.
  • At least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged side by side in the casing 1 along the second direction X, the second direction X is perpendicular to the first direction Z and the thickness direction of the electrode assemblies 3, and the adjacent groups of electrode assemblies 3 are kept insulated.
  • One electrode assembly 3 can be arranged in each group of electrode assemblies 3, or a plurality of electrode assemblies 3 can be stacked along the third direction Y, for example, two electrode assemblies 3 are stacked in Figure 3, and the third direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction Z and the second direction X, and consistent with the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 3 .
  • all tabs 32 with the same polarity that are close to each other in two adjacent groups of electrode assemblies 3 can be connected to one electrode terminal 22, or adjacent Part pairs of tabs 32 that are close to each other in two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are commonly connected to one electrode terminal 22 .
  • the electrode assembly 3 may adopt a wound structure or a laminated structure.
  • the electrode assembly 3 has a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and positive active material layers arranged on both sides of the positive electrode collector.
  • the active material layer, the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece coated with the active material constitutes the main body 31 of the electrode assembly 3, and the parts of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece that are not coated with the active material constitute the positive pole lug and the negative pole lug respectively.
  • At least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged side by side along the second direction X in the casing 1, without increasing the size of the electrode assemblies 3 along the thickness direction, and avoiding increasing the heat dissipation path inside the electrode assemblies 3, and can On the basis of increasing the capacity of the battery cell 100 , the heat dissipation effect is improved, and at the same time, there is no need to make a large electrode assembly 3 , which can reduce manufacturing difficulty and reduce the occurrence rate of defective products, thereby improving the quality and manufacturing efficiency of the battery cell 100 .
  • this kind of battery cell 100 makes the polarities of the two tabs 32 that are close to each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 the same, and are commonly connected to an electrode terminal 22 of the same polarity, which at least has the following advantages:
  • the tabs 32 of the same polarity in adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 can be conveniently connected together, shortening the length of the connecting piece used to connect the tabs 32 of the same polarity, and simplifying the electrical connection of the battery cell 100.
  • the connection structure can also reduce the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the tabs 32 with different polarities are in relatively independent areas in the second direction X, which reduces the risk of short circuit and improves the safety of the battery cell 100 in operation.
  • the tabs 32 of the same polarity in the adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 can be easily connected without considering the avoidance of the tabs 32 of different polarities when they are connected, allowing the tabs 32 to be bent, which can reduce the number of tabs 32 in the first direction Z, so as to increase the energy density of the battery cell 100 .
  • the sum of the number of all electrode terminals 22 in the two types of electrode terminals 22 is N1, and the number of at least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 is N2 groups, where N1 is an odd number greater than or equal to 3, and N2 is An even number greater than or equal to 2.
  • N2 is an even number
  • the two outermost electrode terminals 22 along the second direction X have the same polarity.
  • N2 can also be an odd number, and the polarities of the two outermost electrode terminals 22 along the second direction X are opposite.
  • the sum of the number of all electrode terminals 22 in the two types of electrode terminals 22 is N1
  • the number of at least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 is N2 groups
  • the battery cell 100 in FIG. 3 is provided with two sets of electrode assemblies 3 and three electrode terminals 22; or three sets of electrode assemblies 3 and four electrode terminals 22; or four sets of electrode assemblies 3, Five electrode terminals 22 are provided.
  • This embodiment can make the tabs 32 of the same polarity in adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 be connected to the same electrode terminal 22, and only the tab 32 located on the outermost side is independently connected to an electrode terminal 22, which is beneficial to connect adjacent
  • the tabs 32 of the same polarity in the two sets of electrode assemblies 3 are conveniently connected together, which simplifies the electrical connection structure inside the battery cell 100 and minimizes the number of electrode terminals 22 .
  • all the electrode terminals 22 of the two kinds of electrode terminals 22 are arranged at intervals along the second direction X, and each electrode terminal 22 is arranged opposite to the tab 32 connected to it along the first direction Z.
  • “relatively arranged” means that the projections of the electrode terminals 22 and the tabs 32 in a plane perpendicular to the first direction X have overlapping parts; for the electrode terminals 22 connected to the tabs 32 in two adjacent sets of electrode assemblies 3, "relative arrangement” refers to the projection of the electrode terminals 22 and the tabs 32 of at least one set of electrode assemblies 3 in a plane perpendicular to the first direction X There is an overlapping portion, or the projection of the electrode terminal 22 in the plane X perpendicular to the first direction is located between the tabs 32 of two adjacent groups of electrode assemblies 3 .
  • This embodiment can make the electrode terminal 22 close to the pole ear 32 connected with it, which facilitates the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 22 and the pole ear 32, and it is easy to realize direct connection when the lead length of the pole ear 32 is appropriate, or even if an adapter is used.
  • the connection can also reduce the size of the adapter, and can also increase the effective connection area between the electrode terminal 22 and the tab 32 , and improve the overcurrent capability of the battery cell 100 .
  • both kinds of tabs 32 lead out towards the end cap assembly 2 .
  • the tab 32 after the tab 32 is pulled out, it can keep extending along the first direction Z, and can also be bent so as to be better electrically connected to the electrode terminal 22 by means of welding or riveting.
  • This embodiment considers that the battery cell 100 is arranged side by side with multiple sets of electrode assemblies 3 along the second direction X, so that the size of the battery cell 100 is larger in the second direction X (width direction), and by making the two kinds of tabs 32 all face
  • the lead-out of the end cap assembly 2 can prevent the tabs 32 from occupying extra space in the second direction X, and can also reduce the distance between adjacent sets of electrode assemblies 3, thereby minimizing the distance between the battery cells 100 in the second direction X.
  • the lead-out method of the tab 32 can simplify the structure of the adapter and reduce the difficulty of assembly.
  • drawing the two kinds of tabs 32 from the same side of the main body 31 can reduce the space occupied by the tabs 32 in the first direction Z and increase the energy density of the battery cell 100 .
  • the winding axis K of the electrode assembly 3 is arranged along the second direction X, and the two kinds of tabs 32 are respectively drawn out from both sides of the main body 31 along the second direction X, and are connected to the electrode terminal through the bent adapter piece. 22 connections.
  • the battery cell 100 further includes: a first adapter 4 and a second adapter 5, through which two tabs 32 close to each other in two adjacent groups of electrode assemblies 3
  • the first adapter 4 is connected to an electrode terminal 22 of the same polarity, and the two tabs 32 far away from each other in two adjacent groups of electrode assemblies 3 are respectively connected to an electrode terminal of the same polarity through the second adapter 5 twenty two.
  • the first adapter piece 4 and the second adapter piece 5 can adopt an adapter piece, the adapter piece is arranged parallel to the end cap body 21, and the tab 32 is bent so as to be electrically connected to the electrode terminal 22 through the adapter piece .
  • the adapter sheet can also adopt a bent sheet structure so as to electrically connect the tab 32 with the electrode terminal 22 .
  • the pole lug 32 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 22 through an adapter, so that the pole lug 32 can match the height of the electrode terminal 22 extending into the housing 1 in the first direction Z, and can also be connected between the electrode terminal 22 and the electrode terminal 22.
  • the two tabs 32 are overlapped together through the adapter first, and then the electrode terminals 22 are connected with the adapter, which is beneficial to increase the effective
  • the electrical connection area is convenient for connection when the two tabs 32 are far away. If the welding method is adopted, the times of transfer welding can be reduced, thereby reducing the resistance in the current loop, and also preventing the welding energy from burning the electrode assembly 3, thereby improving the assembly quality.
  • each group of electrode assemblies 3 includes a plurality of electrode assemblies 3 , and the plurality of electrode assemblies 3 are stacked along a third direction Y, and the third direction Y is perpendicular to the second direction X and the first direction Z. As shown in FIG. 3 , each set of electrode assemblies 3 includes two electrode assemblies 3 .
  • each group of electrode assemblies 3 is designed as a form in which a plurality of electrode assemblies 3 are stacked along the third direction Y.
  • the number of battery cells 100 can be increased. capacity, and when a set of electrode assemblies 3 has a certain thickness, the length of the pole pieces in the wound electrode assembly 3 can be reduced, or the number of stacked layers of the pole pieces in the laminated electrode assembly 3 can be reduced.
  • the battery cell 100 includes two sets of electrode assemblies 3 , and the two kinds of electrode terminals 22 include a first electrode terminal 221 and two second electrode terminals 221 arranged at intervals along the second direction X.
  • Two electrode terminals 222 the first electrode terminal 221 is disposed between the two second electrode terminals 222 , and the two types of tabs 32 of the electrode assembly 3 include a first tab 321 and a second tab 322 .
  • first tabs 321 of the two sets of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged close to each other and connected to the first electrode terminals 221, and the second tabs 322 of the two sets of electrode assemblies 3 are located on both sides of the first tabs 321 along the second direction X. , and are respectively connected to the second electrode terminals 222 on the same side.
  • first tab 321 and the second tab 322 of each group of electrode assemblies 3 can be drawn out from positions close to both ends of the main body 31 along the second direction X, and correspondingly, the two outermost second electrode terminals 222
  • the second direction X is set at positions close to both ends of the end cap body 21 .
  • the first electrode terminal 221 can be arranged in the middle area of the end cap body 21 along the second direction X, so that the distance for electrons to be transmitted from the first tabs 321 of two adjacent groups of electrode assemblies 3 to the first electrode terminal 221 is close, which is beneficial Reduce fever.
  • the first electrode terminals 221 are connected to the first tabs 321 of two adjacent sets of electrode assemblies 3 at the same time, in order to improve the overcurrent capability of the battery cell 100, the first electrode terminals 221 in the section perpendicular to the first direction Z
  • the area may be larger than the second electrode terminal 222 .
  • the first electrode terminal 221 in the middle can be a positive terminal, and the second electrode terminals 222 on both sides are negative terminals; or the first electrode terminal 221 in the middle can be a negative terminal, and the second electrode terminals 222 on both sides are negative terminals. positive terminal.
  • two sets of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged side by side along the second direction X in the casing 1 , which can improve the heat dissipation effect on the basis of increasing the capacity of the battery cell 100 .
  • the first electrode terminals 221 and the second electrode terminals 222 on both sides are arranged at intervals in the second direction X, and each electrode terminal 22 is electrically connected to the tab 32 in the corresponding area, which can avoid the battery cell 100
  • a complex electrical connection structure is arranged inside, which simplifies the structure, facilitates assembly, reduces the risk of short circuit, and improves the safety of the battery cell 100 in operation.
  • the size ratio of the battery cell 100 in the three orthogonal directions can be balanced as much as possible to ensure the overall strength and prevent the battery cell 100 from being deformed during use.
  • the end cap assembly 2 also includes a pressure relief component 23 arranged on the end cap body 21, the pressure relief component 23 is arranged at any position between two adjacent electrode terminals 22, the pressure relief component 23 can be set one or more. Since the space in the housing 1 is connected, a pressure relief component 23 can also be provided to meet functional requirements. For example, the pressure relief member 23 is provided between the first electrode terminal 221 and the second electrode terminal 222 .
  • the pressure relief part 23 refers to an element or part that is activated to release the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 100 reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold design varies according to design requirements. The threshold may depend on the materials of one or more of the first pole piece, the second pole piece, the electrolyte and the diaphragm in the battery cell 100 .
  • the pressure relief component 23 may be in the form of an explosion-proof valve, a gas valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, and may specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 100 reaches When the predetermined threshold is reached, the pressure relief component 23 performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief component 23 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for internal pressure or temperature release.
  • the battery cell 100 further includes at least one separator 12 disposed in the housing 1, and the at least one separator 12 is configured to divide the space in the housing 1 along the second direction.
  • X is divided into at least two accommodating cavities 13 , and at least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are provided in at least two accommodating cavities 13 in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the separator 12 is insulated from the electrode assembly 3 .
  • the separator 12 can be used to position and limit the electrode assembly 3, avoid shaking and interference between multiple sets of electrode assemblies 3 during use, make the position of the electrode assembly 3 more stable, and prevent collisions
  • the active material on the pole piece falls off to affect the performance, or the position of the electrical connection between the tab 32 and the electrode terminal 22 is disengaged due to frequent misalignment, and the insulation performance between two adjacent electrode assemblies 3 can also be ensured, thereby improving the performance of the battery.
  • the reliability of monomer 100 work.
  • At least one partition 12 is connected to the housing 1 .
  • the partition 12 may be connected to two side walls of the casing 1 perpendicular to the third direction Y, or connected to the bottom wall of the casing 1 opposite to the end cover assembly 2 along the first direction Z.
  • the partition plate 12 is detachably mounted on the casing 1 through fasteners, bonding, etc., or the partition plate 12 is integrally formed with the casing 1 .
  • both the partition plate 12 and the casing 1 can be made of metal materials, such as aluminum alloy and the like.
  • the volume of the housing chamber 13 can be slightly larger than the volume of a group of electrode assemblies 3, so that a gap is left between the electrode assembly 3, the casing 1 and the separator 12, and on the basis of limiting the maximum amount of shaking of the electrode assembly 3, the electrodes Expansion of component 3 leaves room to relieve internal stresses.
  • the separator 12 is connected with the casing 1, so that the position between the separator 12 and the casing 1 can be relatively fixed, so as to better position and limit the electrode assembly 3; Arranging at least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 side by side along the second direction X increases the size of the casing 1 along the first direction X, and setting the separator 12 can form a support for the casing 1 and strengthen the overall strength of the casing 1.
  • deformation of the casing 1 can be prevented, and the assembly quality and service reliability of the battery cell 100 can be improved.
  • the rigidity of the casing 1 located between two adjacent groups of electrode assemblies 3 can be enhanced, so that the expansion processes of different groups of electrode assemblies 3 are independent of each other, avoiding mutual influence, and making the electrode assemblies 3 in use
  • the expansive force is applied in the process, the force is uniform everywhere, so that the current distribution inside the electrode assembly 3 is uniform, so as to avoid the capacity “diving”, thereby improving the service life of the battery cell 100 .
  • the capacity “diving” refers to the phenomenon that the capacity of the battery cell 100 decreases nonlinearly after the service life of the battery cell 100 declines below 80%.
  • adjacent accommodating cavities 13 communicate with each other.
  • at least one through hole may be provided on the partition 12 , or a preset distance may be reserved between the partition 12 and the housing 1 .
  • adjacent accommodating cavities 13 are communicated with each other, so that the electrolyte between different accommodating cavities 13 can communicate with each other, so that the capacity and concentration of the electrolyte in each accommodating cavity 13 are balanced, so that the battery cell 100 can work
  • the charging and discharging process of the electrode assembly 3 in different accommodation chambers 13 is more balanced; moreover, during the working process of the battery cell 100, the flow of electrolyte can also balance the heat distribution in different accommodation chambers 13, preventing local temperature rise from being too high .
  • the thickness of the partition 12 is greater than that of the casing 1 .
  • the thickness of the partition 12 can be designed within 0.3 mm beyond the thickness of the casing 1 .
  • the rigidity of the middle area of the casing 1 can be better strengthened, so that the electrode assembly 3 is subjected to an expansion force during use, and the force is uniform everywhere, so as not to cause the capacity to "diving", thereby further The service life of the battery cell 100 is improved.
  • the first preset distance H1 between the first end of the partition 12 away from the end cover assembly 2 and the bottom wall of the housing 1 , and the bottom wall of the housing 1 is connected to the end cover.
  • the components 2 are oppositely arranged along the first direction Z.
  • the range of H1 can be designed to be 3 mm to 5 mm.
  • the partition 12 may be connected to two opposite side walls of the housing 1 perpendicular to the third direction Y.
  • a first preset distance H1 is set between the partition plate 12 and the bottom wall of the housing 1.
  • This communication structure can make the accommodating chambers 13 on both sides of the partition plate 12 communicate, so that the accommodating chambers 13 on both sides Electrolyte flows freely, reducing flow resistance, which can better balance the amount and concentration of electrolyte.
  • the two kinds of tabs 32 are drawn toward the end cap assembly 2 , and the second end of the separator 12 close to the end cap assembly 2 is lower than the end surface of the main body 31 by a second preset distance H2 , the end surface of the main body portion 31 is used to lead out two kinds of tabs 32 .
  • the separator 12 is lower than the main body portion 31, which can prevent the tab 32 from contacting the separator 12 and causing a short circuit when it is bent, and prevents the separator 12 from contacting the first adapter 4 to cause a short circuit, which can improve the battery life.
  • body 100 work safety.
  • the electrode assembly 3 is a wound structure, and the winding axis K of the electrode assembly 3 is arranged along the first direction Z.
  • the electrode assembly 3 is formed by winding a first pole piece 33, a second pole piece 34 and a diaphragm 35 with opposite polarities. Diode pieces 34 are spaced apart.
  • the shapes of the first pole piece 33 and the second pole piece 34 are basically the same, and may be a strip-like structure.
  • the main body portion 31 can be a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • the first pole piece 33 can be a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 34 can be a negative pole piece
  • the first pole piece 33 can be a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece 34 can be a positive pole piece.
  • the winding axis K of the electrode assembly 3 is arranged along the first direction Z, so that the electrolyte solution can be uniformly infiltrated to the end of the electrode assembly 3, so that each position of the first pole piece 33 and the second pole piece 34 conducts electricity uniformly , to improve the performance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the electrode assembly 3 has a flat surface 36 and an arc surface 37, the flat surface 36 of the electrode assembly 3 is arranged perpendicular to the third direction Y, that is, the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 3 is consistent with the third direction Y, and the third The direction Y is perpendicular to the second direction X and the first direction Z, and the arc surfaces 37 of each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction X.
  • the electrode assembly 3 is flat after being wound, and its outer surface has two flat surfaces 36 and two arcuate surfaces 37.
  • the two flat surfaces 36 are arranged parallel to each other along the third direction Y, and the flat surfaces 36 are approximately parallel to The outer surface that wraps around the axis K and is the largest in area.
  • the flat surface 36 can be a relatively flat surface and does not need to be a pure plane.
  • One of the arc surfaces 37 is connected to respective first ends of the two flat surfaces 36
  • the other arc surface 37 is connected to respective second ends of the two flat surfaces.
  • This embodiment adopts the wound electrode assembly 3 , which is easy to implement mechanized manufacturing, and the uniformity is more guaranteed, which is beneficial to mass production. Moreover, the direction in which multiple sets of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged side by side is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the electrode assemblies 3, compared with the stacked arrangement of multiple sets of electrode assemblies 3 along the thickness direction, the heat dissipation can be enhanced on the basis of realizing a large-capacity battery cell 100 As a result, the service life, reliability and safety of the battery can be improved during fast charging or long-term use; it can also solve the problem that the long stroke of the pole piece affects the manufacturing efficiency and success rate of the electrode assembly 3 .
  • the electrode assembly 3 is a stacked structure, and the electrode assembly 3 has a first pole piece 33 and a second pole piece 34 with opposite polarities and superimposed along the third direction Y.
  • the third direction Y is perpendicular to the second direction X and the first direction Z.
  • the electrode assembly 3 is stacked along the third direction Y through the first pole piece 33, the second pole piece 34 and the diaphragm 35, the first pole piece 33 and the second pole piece 34 are arranged alternately, and the diaphragm 35 connects the first pole piece The piece 33 and the second pole piece 34 are spaced apart.
  • This embodiment adopts the laminated electrode assembly 3, and the size setting is relatively flexible.
  • the first pole piece 33 and the second pole piece 34 can be cut into a rectangular structure, which can better occupy the space in the housing 1 and improve the battery capacity. 100 energy density.
  • the direction in which multiple sets of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged side by side is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the electrode assemblies 3, compared with the stacked arrangement of multiple sets of electrode assemblies 3 along the thickness direction, the heat dissipation can be enhanced on the basis of realizing a large-capacity battery cell 100 The effect is to improve the service life, reliability and safety of the battery during fast charging or long-term use.
  • the ratio of the first dimension L1 of the battery cell 100 in the second direction X to the second dimension L2 in the third direction Y ranges from 8 to 130, wherein the third direction Y is perpendicular to the second direction X and first direction Z.
  • multiple sets of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged side by side in the second direction X.
  • the second direction X width direction
  • the third direction Y thickness direction
  • the electrode assembly 3 includes a first pole piece 33 and a second pole piece 34 that are stacked.
  • the area of the second pole piece 34 used to form the main body 31 is coated with a negative active material. The following relationship is satisfied between the covering weight CW and the thickness THK of the casing 1:
  • the fast-charging battery cell 100 there are generally two indicators that limit the improvement of the fast-charging capability, one is the lithium-intercalation capability of the negative electrode sheet, and the other is the temperature rise caused by polarization during the fast-charging process. .
  • the most direct way to improve the lithium intercalation ability of the negative electrode sheet, increase the charging speed, and shorten the charging time is to design a light and thin negative electrode coating. As the coating weight CW of the negative electrode active material decreases, the fast charging capability of the lithium-ion battery cell 100 is improved, and the time required for charging is also greatly reduced.
  • the charging time required by the battery cell 100 is shortened, and the problem of battery heat dissipation becomes severe.
  • the conventional battery structure design limited by the increase of the size of the battery cell 100 along the second direction X (width direction), in order to manufacture a large-capacity battery cell 100, it is necessary to increase the size along the third direction Y (thickness direction),
  • the increase in thickness will cause the heat dissipation path inside the electrode assembly 3 to be too long, the rate of heat dissipation is slow, and there is a risk of overheating.
  • the coating weight of the negative pole piece is closely related to the fast charging time, and in order for the battery cell 100 not to exceed a certain temperature upper limit at different fast charging speeds, the casing 1 The thickness of the battery is also closely related to the fast charging time.
  • the negative electrode sheet has different equivalent fast charging capabilities under different coating weights CW of negative active materials.
  • the charging rate that can be tolerated, X is the charging rate.
  • CW 7.5 mg/cm 2
  • the battery cell 100 can be charged from empty state to 80% at a rate of 4C;
  • the equivalent fast charging rate XC the temperature rise at the center of the battery cell 100, the temperature at the center is the highest and can accurately reflect the temperature of the battery cell 100 .
  • the maximum operating temperature of the battery should not exceed 55°C, and fast charging at 25°C means that the maximum temperature rise limit of the battery is 30°C , under this limited condition, the inventor obtained the designable maximum value of the thickness THK of the shell 1 under different coating weights CW of the negative electrode active material through experimental tests combined with simulation analysis, as shown in the following table 1.
  • the thickness of the casing 1 cannot be designed too thin, generally greater than 10 mm. Therefore, the lithium-ion battery satisfying the formula (1) can achieve the technical effect of fast charging capacity improvement and temperature rise not exceeding the preset threshold, and can also ensure sufficient capacity design.
  • the battery cell 100 includes a casing 1 , an end cap assembly 2 and two sets of electrode assemblies 3 .
  • the casing 1 has an opening 11 disposed toward the first direction Z, and a partition 12 is disposed inside the casing 1 , and the partition 12 divides the space inside the casing 1 into two accommodating chambers 13 along the second direction X.
  • the end cover assembly 2 is configured to close the opening 11.
  • the end cover assembly 2 includes an end cover body 21 and a first electrode terminal 221 and two second electrode terminals 222 with opposite polarities arranged on the end cover body 21.
  • the first electrode The terminal 221 is located in the middle of the end cover body 21 along the second direction X, and the two second electrode terminals 222 are respectively located near the two ends of the end cover body 21.
  • the end cover body 21 is also provided with a pressure relief component 23, the pressure relief component 23 is located between the first electrode terminal 221 and the second electrode terminal 222 .
  • each group of electrode assemblies 3 includes two electrode assemblies 3 stacked along the third direction Y, each electrode assembly 3 includes a main body 31, a first tab 321 and the second tab 322 , the first tab 321 and the second tab 322 have opposite polarities and are drawn out from the end surface of the main body 31 toward the end cap assembly 2 toward the end cap assembly 2 .
  • the first tabs 321 in the two sets of electrode assemblies 3 are close to each other, and are electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 221 through the first adapter 4, and the second tabs 322 in the two sets of electrode assemblies 3 are far away from each other, and respectively It is electrically connected to the second electrode terminal 222 at the corresponding position through the second adapter piece 5 .
  • the second electrode terminal 222 is disposed opposite to the second tab 322 , and the size of the second adapter 5 along the second direction X can be consistent with that of the second tab 322 .
  • the first adapter piece 4 overlaps the two first tabs 321 , and the first electrode terminal 221 is disposed opposite to the first adapter piece 4 .
  • first predetermined distance H1 between the first end of the partition 12 away from the end cover assembly 2 and the bottom wall of the housing 1 , and the bottom wall of the housing 1 is opposite to the end cover assembly 2 along the first direction Z.
  • the second end of the separator 12 close to the end cover assembly 2 is lower than the end surface of the main body 31 by a second predetermined distance H2, and the end surface of the main body 31 is used to lead out the first tab 321 and the second tab 322 .
  • connection method of multiple battery cells 100 in the battery 200 is given below based on the structure of the battery cell 100 .
  • the battery 200 includes a battery module 200 ′, the battery module 200 ′ includes a plurality of battery cells 100 , and the plurality of battery cells 100 are alternately arranged side by side along the third direction Y.
  • the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102, the third direction Y is perpendicular to the second direction X and the first direction Z, the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 are located along the second direction X
  • the polarities of the electrode terminals 22 at the same position are reversed.
  • each group of electrode assemblies 3 are sequentially connected in series to form an electrode string 3 ′, and all the first battery cells 101 and The electrode strings 3 ′ located at different positions along the second direction X in the second battery cell 102 are arranged in parallel.
  • the battery 200 of this embodiment adopts two types of battery cells 100 arranged side by side alternately along the third direction Y, and can realize the series-parallel connection of all the battery cells 100 in the battery module 200' through a simple external circuit connection, so as to achieve more Large capacity meets the needs of electrical devices.
  • the battery module 200 ′ includes two battery cells 100 arranged side by side along the third direction Y, which are respectively the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 , and the battery Two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged side by side along the second direction X in the cell 100 .
  • the middle position of the first battery cell 101 is provided with a first electrode terminal 221, and the two ends are respectively provided with a second electrode terminal 222; the middle position of the second battery cell 102 is provided with a second electrode terminal 222, and the two ends are respectively provided with The first electrode terminal 221 .
  • the second electrode terminal 222 at the same end of the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 along the second direction X is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 221 through the first connecting piece 202, so that the first battery cell 101 and Two groups of electrode assemblies 3 located at the same position along the second direction X in the second battery cell 102 are connected in series to form an electrode string 3 ′, forming two electrode strings 3 ′ in total.
  • the first connecting member 202 may be a connecting piece, a connecting bar, or a wire.
  • the first electrode terminal 221 and the second electrode terminal 222 located in the middle are respectively used as two output poles to draw power to the outside, so as to realize the parallel connection of the two electrode strings 3'.
  • Fig. 11 is a polarity diagram of the battery module 200' shown in Fig. 10 .
  • the first electrode terminal 221 is a negative terminal
  • the second electrode terminal 222 is a positive terminal.
  • the polarities of the electrode terminals 22 at the same position along the second direction X of the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 are opposite.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of each electrode assembly 3 in the two battery cells 100 shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the two electrode assemblies 3 on the left side of the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 are connected in series through the first connecting piece 202 to form an electrode string 3 ′, and the two electrode assemblies 3 on the right side are connected in series through the first connecting piece.
  • 202 are connected in series to form an electrode string 3', and the two electrode strings 3' are connected in parallel to output electric energy through the positive terminal and the negative terminal in the middle.
  • the battery module 200' includes six battery cells 100 arranged side by side along the third direction Y, including three first battery cells arranged side by side along the third direction Y body 101 and three second battery cells 102 , and two sets of electrode assemblies 3 are arranged side by side along the second direction X in the battery cells 100 .
  • the middle position of the first battery cell 101 is provided with a first electrode terminal 221, and the two ends are respectively provided with a second electrode terminal 222; the middle position of the second battery cell 102 is provided with a second electrode terminal 222, and the two ends are respectively provided with The first electrode terminal 221 .
  • Every two adjacent first battery cells 101 and second battery cells 102 are used as a battery cell group, and the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell in the same battery cell group
  • the second electrode terminal 222 at the same end of the battery cell 102 along the second direction X is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 221 through the first connecting member 202, and the first battery cells in two adjacent battery cell groups are close to each other 101 and the second battery cell 102 are electrically connected through the second connecting member 203, so that all the groups (six groups) of the first battery cells 101 and the second battery cells 102 located at the same position along the second direction X
  • the electrode assemblies 3 are connected in series to form an electrode string 3', forming two electrode strings 3' in total.
  • the second connecting member 203 may be a connecting piece, a connecting bar, or a wire.
  • the first electrode terminal 221 and the second electrode terminal 222 in the middle of the two outermost battery cells 100 along the third direction Y are respectively used as two output poles to draw power to the outside, so as to realize the parallel connection of the two electrode strings 3' .
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell 100.
  • the method includes:
  • Electrode providing step providing at least two sets of electrode assemblies 3, wherein each set of electrode assemblies 3 in the at least two sets of electrode assemblies 3 includes at least one electrode assembly 3, and the electrode assembly 3 includes a main body 31 and leads out from the main body 31 two tabs 32 with opposite polarities;
  • Electrode placement step arrange at least two sets of electrode assemblies 3 side by side in the casing 1 along the second direction X, wherein the casing 1 has an opening 11 facing the first direction Z, and the second direction X is perpendicular to the first direction Z, and the polarities of the two tabs 32 that are close to each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are the same, and the polarities of the two tabs 32 that are far away from each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are the same;
  • the end cap installation step closing the end cap assembly 2 to the opening 11 of the housing 1, wherein the end cap assembly 2 includes an end cap body 21 and two kinds of electrode terminals 22 with opposite polarities arranged on the end cap body 21;
  • terminal connection step connect the two tabs 32 that are close to each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 to an electrode terminal 22 of the same polarity, and connect the electrodes 32 that are far away from each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3
  • the two tabs 32 are respectively connected to one electrode terminal 22 of the same polarity.
  • the manufacturing method of this embodiment makes the two tabs 32 close to each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 in the battery cell 100 have the same polarity and are jointly connected to an electrode terminal 22 of the same polarity, which has at least the following advantages :
  • the number of electrode terminals 22 can be reduced, and the tabs 32 of the same polarity in two adjacent groups of electrode assemblies 3 can be conveniently connected together, shortening the length of the connecting piece used to connect the tabs 32 of the same polarity , which simplifies the electrical connection structure of the battery cell 100 and improves the internal resistance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the tabs 32 with different polarities are in relatively independent areas in the second direction X, which reduces the risk of short circuit and improves the safety of the battery cell 100 in operation.
  • the tabs 32 of the same polarity in the adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 can be easily connected without considering the avoidance of the tabs 32 of different polarities when they are connected, allowing the tabs 32 to be bent, which can reduce the number of tabs 32 in the first direction Z, so as to increase the energy density of the battery cell 100 .
  • the present application provides a battery cell 100 manufacturing equipment 400, as shown in FIG. in:
  • the electrode providing device 410 is configured to provide at least two groups of electrode assemblies 3, wherein each group of electrode assemblies 3 in at least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 includes at least one electrode assembly 3, and the electrode assembly 3 includes a main body 31 and a main body part 31. Two kinds of tabs 32 with opposite polarities drawn from 31 .
  • the electrode placement device 420 is configured to place at least two groups of electrode assemblies 3 side by side in the casing 1 along the second direction X, wherein the casing 1 has an opening 11 facing the first direction Z, and the second direction X is perpendicular to the second direction X.
  • One direction Z, and the polarities of the two tabs 32 that are close to each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are the same, and the polarities of the two tabs 32 that are far away from each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 are the same.
  • the end cover installation device 430 is configured to close the end cover assembly 2 to the opening 11 of the housing 1, wherein the end cover assembly 2 includes an end cover body 21 and two kinds of electrode terminals 22 with opposite polarities arranged on the end cover body 21 .
  • the terminal connection device 440 is configured to connect the two tabs 32 close to each other in each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 to an electrode terminal 22 of the same polarity, and connect each adjacent two groups of electrode assemblies 3 to each other.
  • the two distant tabs 32 are respectively connected to an electrode terminal 22 of the same polarity.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体及其制造方法、制造设备、电池和用电装置，其中，电池单体包括：壳体，具有朝向第一方向设置的开口；端盖组件，被配置为封闭开口，端盖组件包括端盖本体和设在端盖本体上且极性相反的两种电极端子；和至少两组电极组件，沿第二方向并排设在壳体内，第二方向垂直于第一方向，至少两组电极组件中的每组电极组件均包括至少一个电极组件，电极组件包括主体部和从主体部引出的极性相反的两种极耳；其中，每相邻两组电极组件中相互靠近的两个极耳极性相同，且共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子，每相邻两组电极组件中相互远离的两个极耳极性相同且分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法、制造设备、电池和用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法、制造设备、电池和用电装置。
背景技术
随着由于锂离子等电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，在电动汽车上面已普遍应用。
但是，延长电动汽车中电池的性能，一直是业内的一个难题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提高电池的性能。
根据本申请的第一方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：
壳体，具有朝向第一方向设置的开口；
端盖组件，被配置为封闭开口，端盖组件包括端盖本体和设在端盖本体上且极性相反的两种电极端子；和
至少两组电极组件，沿第二方向并排设在壳体内，第二方向垂直于第一方向，至少两组电极组件中的每组电极组件均包括至少一个电极组件，电极组件包括主体部和从主体部引出的极性相反的两种极耳；
其中，每相邻两组电极组件中相互靠近的两个极耳极性相同，且共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子，每相邻两组电极组件中相互远离的两个极耳极性相同且分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子。
该实施例的电池单体在壳体内沿第二方向并排设置至少两组电极组件，无需增加电极组件沿厚度方向的尺寸，可避免增加电极组件内部的散热路径，可在增大电池单体容量的基础上提高散热效果，同时也无需制作体积较大的电极组件，可降低制造难度，降低不良品产生率，从而提高电池单体的质量和制造效率。
而且，每相邻两组电极组件中相互靠近的两个极耳极性相同，且共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子，至少具备如下优点：可将相邻两组电极组件中同极性的极耳方便地连接在一起，缩短用于连接同极性的极耳的连接件的长度，简化了电池单体的电连接结 构，还能降低电池单体的内阻；不同极性的极耳在第二方向上处于相对独立的区域，降低了短路的风险，可提高电池单体工作的安全性；相邻两组电极组件中同极性的极耳可方便地连接，无需考虑不同极性极耳各自在连接时的避让问题，允许极耳进行弯折，可减少极耳在第一方向上占用的空间，从而提高电池单体的能量密度；由于相邻两组电极组件中同极性的极耳之间距离较近，在共同连接至同极性的电极端子上时，电子通过不同极耳传输至电极端子的距离均较近，可减少发热量，且有利于热量的传导和分配，降低了电池单体温升的风险，提高工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，两种电极端子中的所有电极端子的数量之和为N1个，至少两组电极组件的数量为N2组，N1为大于或等于3的奇数，N2为大于或等于2的偶数。
在一些实施例中，两种电极端子中的所有电极端子的数量之和为N1个，至少两组电极组件的数量为N2组，N1和N2满足关系：N1-N2＝1。
该实施例能够使相邻两组电极组件中同极性的极耳均连接于同一个电极端子，只有位于最外侧的极耳独立连接于一个电极端子，有利于将相邻两组电极组件中同极性的极耳均方便地连接在一起，简化电池单体内部的电连接结构，并尽量减少电极端子的数量。
在一些实施例中，两种电极端子中的所有电极端子沿第二方向间隔设置，每个电极端子与其相连接的极耳沿第一方向相对设置。
该实施例能够使电极端子靠近与其相连接的极耳，便于电极端子与极耳电连接，在极耳引出长度合适的情况下易于实现直接连接，或者即使采用转接件进行连接，也可减小转接件的尺寸，而且也可增加电极端子与极耳的有效连接面积，提高电池单体的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，两种极耳均朝向端盖组件引出。
该实施例考虑到电池单体沿第二方向并排设置多组电极组件，使电池单体在第二方向上尺寸较大，通过使两种极耳均朝向端盖组件引出，能够避免极耳在第二方向上占用额外的空间，还可减小相邻组电极组件之间的间距，从而尽量减小电池单体在第二方向上的尺寸，以在满足大容量电池单体性能的基础上平衡各方向尺寸比例。而且，极耳的此种引出方式可简化转接件的结构，并降低装配难度。另外，将两种极耳从主体部同一侧引出，可减少极耳在第一方向占用的空间，提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括：第一转接件和第二转接件，相邻两组电极组件中相互靠近的两个极耳通过第一转接件连接于一个同极性的电极端子，相邻两组电极组件中相互远离的两个极耳分别通过第二转接件连接于一个同极性的电极端子。
该实施例通过转接件将极耳与电极端子电连接，既能使极耳在第一方向上匹配电极端子伸入壳体内的高度，又能在电极端子与相邻两组电极组件中相互靠近的两个极耳连接时，先通过转接件将两个极耳搭接在一起，再使电极端子与转接件连接，有利于增加有效电连接面积，在两个极耳距离较远时方便连接。若采用焊接的方式，可减少转接焊的次数，从而减少电流回路中的电阻，还能防止焊接能量灼伤电极组件，提高装配质量。
在一些实施例中，电极组件为卷绕结构，且电极组件的卷绕轴线沿第一方向设置。
该实施例使电极组件的卷绕轴线沿第一方向设置，可使电解液均匀地浸润到电极组件的端部，使第一极片和第二极片各位置导电均匀，提高电池单体的性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件具有扁平面和圆弧面，电极组件的扁平面垂直于第三方向设置，第三方向垂直于第二方向和第一方向，每相邻两组电极组件的圆弧面沿第二方向相对设置。
该实施例采用卷绕式电极组件，易于实现机械化制造，均一性更有保证，利于批量生产。而且，使多组电极组件并排设置的方向垂直于电极组件的厚度方向，与多组电极组件沿厚度方向叠加设置相比，可在实现大容量电池单体的基础上，增强散热效果，在快充或长时间使用时，提高电池的使用寿命、可靠性和安全性；还可解决极片行程长影响电极组件制造效率和成功率的问题。
在一些实施例中，电极组件为层叠结构，电极组件具有极性相反且沿第三方向叠加设置的第一极片和第二极片，第三方向垂直于第二方向和第一方向。
该实施例采用叠片式电极组件，尺寸设置比较灵活，第一极片和第二极片可裁切为矩形结构，可更好地占用壳体内的空间，提高电池单体的能量密度。而且，使多组电极组件并排设置的方向垂直于电极组件的厚度方向，与多组电极组件沿厚度方向叠加设置相比，可在实现大容量电池单体的基础上，增强散热效果，在快充或长时间使用时，提高电池的使用寿命、可靠性和安全性。
在一些实施例中，每组电极组件均包括多个电极组件，多个电极组件沿第三方向叠加设置，第三方向垂直于第二方向和第一方向。
该实施例将每组电极组件设计为多个电极组件沿第三方向叠加的形式，在满足散热要求的情况下，在单个电极组件厚度一定的情况下，可增加电池单体的容量，且在一组电极组件厚度一定的情况下，可减小卷绕式电极组件中极片的长度，或者减少叠片式电极组件中极片的叠加层数。
在一些实施例中，电池单体包括两组电极组件，两种电极端子包括沿第二方向间隔设置的第一电极端子和两个第二电极端子，第一电极端子设在两个第二电极端子之间，电极组件的两种极耳包括第一极耳和第二极耳；
其中，两组电极组件的第一极耳靠近设置且均与第一电极端子连接，两组电极组件的第二极耳沿第二方向位于第一极耳的两侧，且分别与同侧的第二电极端子连接。
该实施例的电池单体在壳体内沿第二方向并排设置两组电极组件，可在增大电池单体容量的基础上提高散热效果。而且，第一电极端子和位于两侧的第二电极端子在第二方向上间隔设置，且每个电极端子均与相应区域的极耳电连接，可避免在电池单体内部设置复杂的电连接结构，简化了结构，易于装配，还降低了短路的风险，可提高电池单体工作的安全性。另外，在增大电池单体容量的基础上，可使电池单体在三个正交方向的尺寸比例尽量均衡，保证整体强度，以防止电池单体在使用过程中发生变形。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括设在壳体中的至少一个隔板，至少一个隔板被配置为将壳体内的空间沿第二方向分隔为至少两个容纳腔，至少两组电极组件一一对应地设在至少两个容纳腔内。
该实施例通过设置隔板，可用于对电极组件进行定位和限位，避免多组电极组件之间在使用过程中发生晃动互相干涉，使电极组件的位置更稳定，防止发生碰撞使极片上的活性物质脱落影响性能，或者极耳与电极端子电连接的位置由于经常错动而发生脱开，还可保证相邻两个电极组件之间的绝缘性能，从而提高电池单体工作的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，至少一个隔板与壳体连接。
该实施例将隔板与壳体连接，可使隔板与壳体之间的位置相对固定，以便更好地对电极组件进行定位和限位；而且，由于壳体内沿第二方向并排设置至少两组电极组件，增加了壳体沿第一方向的尺寸，设置隔板可以对壳体形成支撑，加强了壳体的整体强度，在壳体存放、转运以及电池单体装配、使用的过程中，都能够防止壳体发生变形，提高电池单体的装配质量和使用可靠性。
而且，通过设置隔板，可加强壳体位于相邻两组电极组件之间区域的刚度，使不同组电极组件的膨胀过程相互独立，避免相互影响，使电极组件在使用过程中受到膨胀力时各处受力均匀，从而使电极组件内部的电流分布均匀，以免引起容量“跳水”，进而提高电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，相邻容纳腔之间相互连通。
该实施例使相邻容纳腔之间相互连通，能够使不同容纳腔之间的电解液互相流通，使各容纳腔内电解液的容量均衡且浓度均匀，从而使电池单体工作时不同容纳腔内 电极组件的充放电过程更加均衡；而且，在电池单体工作过程中，通过电解液的流动也可平衡不同容纳腔中热量的分布，防止局部温升过高。
在一些实施例中，隔板的厚度大于壳体的厚度。
该实施例通过增加隔板厚度，可更好地加强壳体中间区域的刚度，使电极组件在使用过程中受到膨胀力时各处受力均匀，以免引起容量“跳水”，从而进一步提高电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，隔板远离端盖组件的第一端与壳体的底壁之间具有第一预设距离H1，壳体的底壁与端盖组件沿第一方向相对设置。
该实施例通过在隔板与壳体的底壁之间设置第一预设距离H1，此种连通结构可使隔板两侧的容纳腔连通，使两侧容纳腔中的电解液自由流动，降低流动阻力，可更好地平衡电解液的量和浓度。
在一些实施例中，两种极耳均朝向端盖组件引出，隔板靠近端盖组件的第二端低于主体部的端面第二预设距离H2，主体部的端面用于引出两种极耳。
该实施例使隔板低于主体部，可防止极耳在弯折时与隔板接触发生短路，并防止隔板与第一转接件接触发生短路，可提高电池单体工作的安全性。
在一些实施例中，电池单体在第二方向上的第一尺寸L1与第三方向上的第二尺寸L2的比值范围为8～130，其中第三方向垂直于第二方向和第一方向。
该实施例的电池单体为了增加容量，在第二方向上并排设置多组电极组件，通过增加电池单体沿第二方向的尺寸，由此可减小沿第三方向的尺寸，此种细长形电池单体既能满足大容量的需求，又能优化散热效果，具有较好的使用性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件包括层叠设置的第一极片和第二极片，第二极片为负极极片，负极极片用于形成主体部的区域涂覆有负极活性物质，负极活性物质的涂覆重量CW与壳体的厚度THK之间满足如下关系：
2.53＜30/THK+0.135CW＜4.53。
该实施例的电池单体可实现快充能力的提升和温升不超过预设阈值的效果。
根据本申请的第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括上述实施例的电池单体。
在一些实施例中，电池包括电池模块，电池模块包括多个电池单体，多个电池单体包括沿第三方向并排交替设置的第一电池单体和第二电池单体，第三方向垂直于第二方向和第一方向，第一电池单体和第二电池单体沿第二方向位于同一位置的电极端子的极性相反；
其中，所有的第一电池单体和第二电池单体中沿第二方向位于同一位置的各组电 极组件依次串联形成电极串，且所有的第一电池单体和第二电池单体中沿第二方向位于不同位置的电极串并联设置。
根据本申请的第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例的电池，电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
根据本申请的第四方面，提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
电极提供步骤：提供至少两组电极组件，至少两组电极组件中的每组电极组件均包括至少一个电极组件，电极组件包括主体部和从主体部引出的极性相反的两种极耳；
电极放置步骤：将至少两组电极组件沿第二方向并排设在壳体内，其中壳体具有朝向第一方向设置的开口，第二方向垂直于第一方向，且每相邻两组电极组件中相互靠近的两个极耳极性相同，每相邻两组电极组件中相互远离的两个极耳极性相同；
端盖安装步骤：将端盖组件封闭壳体的开口，其中端盖组件包括端盖本体和设在端盖本体上且极性相反的两种电极端子；
端子连接步骤：将每相邻两组电极组件中相互靠近的两个极耳共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子，并将每相邻两组电极组件中相互远离的两个极耳分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子。
根据本申请的第五方面，提供了一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：
电极提供装置，被配置为提供至少两组电极组件，至少两组电极组件中的每组电极组件均包括至少一个电极组件，电极组件包括主体部和从主体部引出的极性相反的两种极耳；
电极放置装置，被配置为将至少两组电极组件沿第二方向并排设在壳体内，其中壳体具有朝向第一方向设置的开口，第二方向垂直于第一方向，且每相邻两组电极组件中相互靠近的两个极耳极性相同，每相邻两组电极组件中相互远离的两个极耳极性相同；
端盖安装装置，被配置为将端盖组件封闭壳体的开口，其中端盖组件包括端盖本体和设在端盖本体上且极性相反的两种电极端子；和
端子连接装置，被配置为将每相邻两组电极组件中相互靠近的两个极耳共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子，并将每相邻两组电极组件中相互远离的两个极耳分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使 用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请将电池安装于车辆的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本申请电池的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图3为本申请电池单体的一些实施例的分解示意图。
图4为本申请电池单体的一些实施例的外形图。
图5为图4所示电池单体的主视图。
图6为图4所示电池单体的俯视图。
图7为图6的A-A剖视图。
图8为呈卷绕结构的电极组件的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图9为呈层叠结构的电极组件的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图10为电池模块的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图11为图10所示电池模块中电极端子的一种极性设置示意图。
图12为图11所示电池模块的等效电路图。
图13为电池模块的另一些实施例的结构示意图。
图14为本申请电池单体制造方法的一些实施例的流程示意图。
图15为本申请电池单体制造设备的一些实施例的模块组成示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
1、壳体；11、开口；12、隔板；13、容纳腔；2、端盖组件；21、端盖本体；22、电极端子；221、第一电极端子；222、第二电极端子；23、泄压部件；3、电极组件；31、主体部；32、极耳；321、第一极耳；322、第二极耳；33、第一极片；34、第二极片；35、隔膜；36、扁平面；37、圆弧面；3’、电极串；4、第一转接件；5、第二转接件；
100、电池单体；101、第一电池单体；102、第二电池单体；
200、电池；200’、电池模块；201、壳体组件；201A、箱体；201B、盖体；202、第一连接件；203、第二连接件；
300、车辆；301、车桥；302、车轮；303、马达；304、控制器；
400、制造设备；410、电极提供装置；420、电极放置装置；430、端盖安装装置；440、端子连接装置；
Z、第一方向；X、第二方向；Y、第三方向。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一些实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本申请采用了“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、“前”、“后”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系的描述，这仅是为了便于描述本申请，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。
电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电 池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
目前的电池单体通常包括壳体和容纳于壳体内的电极组件，并在壳体内填充电解质。电极组件主要由极性相反的第一极片和第二极片层叠或卷绕形成，并且通常在第一极片与第二极片之间设有隔膜。第一极片和第二极片涂覆有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，第一极片和第二极片未涂覆活性物质的部分各自构成第一极耳和第二极耳。在锂离子电池中，第一极片可以为正极极片，包括正极集流体和设于正极集流体两侧的正极活性物质层，正极集流体的材料例如可以为铝，正极活性物质例如可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等；第二极片可以为负极极片，包括负极集流体和设于负极集流体两侧的负极活性物质层，负极集流体的材料例如可以为铜，负极活性物质例如可以为石墨或硅等。第一极耳和第二极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池单体的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接端子以形成电流回路。
发明人在实践中发现，在电池需要实现较大容量时，需要设置较多的电池单体，电池单体数量较多会增加不贡献容量的结构件的重量和体积占比，降低了电池的能量密度。为了解决这一问题，在电池需要容量一定的情况下，需要减少电池单体的数量，这就需要增加每个电池单体的容量。
为了设计大容量的电池单体，发明人想到的一种思路是增加电池单体的厚度，例如，增加单个电极组件的厚度，或者增加电极组件的堆叠数量，但是对于快充型电池来讲，厚度增加不利于电池散热，从而影响电池的使用寿命、可靠性和安全性。另一种思路是增加电池单体的宽度尺寸，但这样会导致极片、隔膜增长，加剧了极片、隔膜打皱和错位的风险，从而降低了电池单体的质量和制造效率。
在此基础上，为了解决在电极组件厚度方向上增加尺寸影响散热，以及增加极片长度影响电池质量的问题，发明人尝试将在电池单体的宽度方向上并排设置多个电极组件，并将多个电极组件各自的正极极耳与正极端子电连接，多个电极组件各自的负极极耳与负极端子电连接。
但是，这种方案在实现时存在如下问题：1、将同极性的极耳连接在一起所需的连接件行程长，有短路风险，同时增加了焊接位置，增大了电池单体的内阻；2、为了便于将连接件与极耳焊接，极耳需朝向端盖组件引出，在电池单体的高度方向占据空间较 大，降低了电池单体的能量密度；3、电池充放电过程中电流会通过连接件汇集到与电极端子连接的极耳上，不利于焦耳热的传到和分配，加剧了电池温升的风险。
基于上述技术问题的发现，在设计大容量电池单体时，需要对电池单体的内部结构和电连接方式均做出改进，以综合提高电池的性能。
本申请的电池可用于电装置，可为用电装置提供电能，装置可以是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
如图1所示，用电装置可以是车辆300，例如新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；或者用电装置也可以是无人机或轮船等。具体地，车辆300可包括车桥301、连接于车桥301的车轮302、马达303、控制器304和电池200，马达303用于驱动车桥301转动，控制器304用于控制马达303工作，电池200可以设置在车辆300的底部、头部或尾部，用于为马达303以及车辆中其它部件的工作提供电能。
图2为本申请电池200的一些实施例的结构示意图，电池200包括壳体组件201和电池单体100。在电池200中，电池单体100可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体100为多个，多个电池单体100之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体100中既有串联又有并联，可以是多个电池单体100先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于壳体组件201内。也可以是所有电池单体100之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体100构成的整体容纳于壳体组件201内。
壳体组件201内部为中空结构，至少一个电池模块200’容纳于壳体组件201内。例如，壳体组件201可以包括箱体201A和盖体201B。箱体201A和盖体201B扣合在一起。例如，箱体201A和盖体201B均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，箱体201A的开口和盖体201B的开口相对设置，并且箱体201A和盖体201B相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。也可以为，箱体201A为具有开口的长方体而盖体201B为板状，或者盖体201B为具有开口的长方体而箱体201A为板状，箱体201A和盖体201B相对设置并扣合而形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。至少一个电池模块200’相互并联或串联或混联组合后，置于箱体201A和盖体201B扣合后形成的封闭腔室内。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体100，包括壳体1、端盖组件2和至少两组电极组件3。壳体1具有朝向第一方向Z设置的开口11；端盖组件2被配置为封闭开口11，端盖组件2包括端盖本体21和设在端盖本体21上且极性相反的两种电极端子22。至少两组电极组件3，沿第二方向X并排设在壳体1内，第二方向X垂直于第一方向Z，至少两组电极组件3中的每组电极组件3均包括至少一个电极组件3，电极组件3包括主体部31和从主体部31引出的极性相反的两种极耳32。
在第二方向X上，每相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的两个极耳32极性相同，且共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子22，每相邻两组电极组件3中相互远离的两个极耳32极性相同且分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子22。
其中，壳体1为中空结构，用于容纳电极组件3，且壳体1具有开口11，端盖本体21用于盖合开口11。例如，对于长方体的电池单体100，端盖本体21呈矩形板状结构。两种电极端子22分别为正极端子和负极端子，每种电极端子22可设置一个，或者也可设置多个。电极端子22可矩形柱体或圆柱体等结构。电极端子22与端盖本体21可采用一体注塑成型，可降低装配难度，或采用其它组装方式。
至少两组电极组件3沿第二方向X并排设在壳体1内，第二方向X垂直于第一方向Z和电极组件3的厚度方向，相邻组电极组件3之间保持绝缘。每组电极组件3中可设置一个电极组件3，或者沿第三方向Y叠加设置多个电极组件3，例如，图3中叠加设置两个电极组件3，第三方向Y垂直于第一方向Z和第二方向X，且与电极组件3的厚度方向一致。在沿第三方向Y叠加设置多个电极组件3时，可将相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的所有极性相同的极耳32共同连接于一个电极端子22，或者也可将相邻两组电极组件3中部分对相互靠近的部分极耳32共同连接于一个电极端子22。
例如，电极组件3可采用卷绕结构或层叠结构。电极组件3具有正极极片和负极极片，正极极片包括正极集流体和设于正极集流体两侧的正极活性物质层，负极极片包括负极集流体和设于负极集流体两侧负正极活性物质层，正极极片和负极极片涂覆有活性物质的部分构成电极组件3的主体部31，正极极片和负极极片未涂覆活性物质的部分各自构成正极极耳和负极极耳。
该实施例的电池单体100在壳体1内沿第二方向X并排设置至少两组电极组件3，无需增加电极组件3沿厚度方向的尺寸，可避免增加电极组件3内部的散热路径，可在增大电池单体100容量的基础上提高散热效果，同时也无需制作体积较大的电极组件3，可降低制造难度，降低不良品产生率，从而提高电池单体100的质量和制造效率。
而且，此种电池单体100使每相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的两个极耳32极性 相同，且共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子22，至少具备如下优点：
1、可将相邻两组电极组件3中同极性的极耳32方便地连接在一起，缩短用于连接同极性的极耳32的连接件的长度，简化了电池单体100的电连接结构，还能降低电池单体100的内阻。
2、不同极性的极耳32在第二方向X上处于相对独立的区域，降低了短路的风险，可提高电池单体100工作的安全性。
3、相邻两组电极组件3中同极性的极耳32可方便地连接，无需考虑不同极性极耳32各自在连接时的避让问题，允许极耳32进行弯折，可减少极耳32在第一方向Z上占用的空间，从而提高电池单体100的能量密度。
4、由于相邻两组电极组件3中同极性的极耳32之间距离较近，在共同连接至同极性的电极端子22上时，电子通过不同极耳32传输至电极端子22的距离均较近，可减少发热量，且有利于热量的传导和分配，降低了电池单体100温升的风险，提高工作安全性。
在一些实施例中，两种电极端子22中的所有电极端子22的数量之和为N1个，至少两组电极组件3的数量为N2组，其中，N1为大于或等于3的奇数，N2为大于或等于2的偶数。当N2为偶数时，沿第二方向X位于最外侧的两个电极端子22极性相同。可选地，N2也可为奇数，沿第二方向X位于最外侧的两个电极端子22极性相反。
在一些实施例中，两种电极端子22中的所有电极端子22的数量之和为N1个，至少两组电极组件3的数量为N2组，N1和N2满足关系：N1-N2＝1，N1和N2均可以为奇数或偶数。
其中，当N1为奇数时，N2为偶数；当N1为偶数时，N2为奇数。例如，图3的电池单体100中设有两组电极组件3，电极端子22设有三个；或者设有三组电极组件3，电极端子22设有四个；或者设有四组电极组件3，电极端子22设有五个。
该实施例能够使相邻两组电极组件3中同极性的极耳32均连接于同一个电极端子22，只有位于最外侧的极耳32独立连接于一个电极端子22，有利于将相邻两组电极组件3中同极性的极耳32均方便地连接在一起，简化电池单体100内部的电连接结构，并尽量减少电极端子22的数量。
在一些实施例中，两种电极端子22中的所有电极端子22沿第二方向X间隔设置，每个电极端子22与其相连接的极耳32沿第一方向Z相对设置。
其中，对于仅与一组电极组件3中的极耳32连接的电极端子22，“相对设置”是指电极端子22和极耳32在垂直于第一方向X平面内的投影具有重合部分；对于与相 邻两组电极组件3中的极耳32连接的电极端子22，“相对设置”是指电极端子22和至少一组电极组件3的极耳32在垂直于第一方向X平面内的投影具有重合部分，或者电极端子22在垂直于第一方向X平面内的投影位于相邻两组电极组件3的极耳32之间。
该实施例能够使电极端子22靠近与其相连接的极耳32，便于电极端子22与极耳32电连接，在极耳32引出长度合适的情况下易于实现直接连接，或者即使采用转接件进行连接，也可减小转接件的尺寸，而且也可增加电极端子22与极耳32的有效连接面积，提高电池单体100的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，两种极耳32均朝向端盖组件2引出。
其中，极耳32引出后可保持沿第一方向Z延伸的状态，也可进行弯折以便更好地与电极端子22采用焊接或铆接等方式进行电连接。
该实施例考虑到电池单体100沿第二方向X并排设置多组电极组件3，使电池单体100在第二方向X(宽度方向)上尺寸较大，通过使两种极耳32均朝向端盖组件2引出，能够避免极耳32在第二方向X上占用额外的空间，还可减小相邻组电极组件3之间的间距，从而尽量减小电池单体100在第二方向X上的尺寸，以在满足大容量电池单体100性能的基础上平衡各方向尺寸比例。而且，极耳32的此种引出方式可简化转接件的结构，并降低装配难度。另外，将两种极耳32从主体部31同一侧引出，可减少极耳32在第一方向Z占用的空间，提高电池单体100的能量密度。
可选地，电极组件3的卷绕轴线K沿第二方向X设置，两种极耳32分别从主体部31沿第二方向X的两侧引出，并通过弯折的转接件与电极端子22连接。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，电池单体100还包括：第一转接件4和第二转接件5，相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的两个极耳32通过第一转接件4连接于一个同极性的电极端子22，相邻两组电极组件3中相互远离的两个极耳32分别通过第二转接件5连接于一个同极性的电极端子22。
其中，第一转接件4和第二转接件5可采用转接片，转接片与端盖本体21平行设置，并极耳32进行弯折以便通过转接片与电极端子22电连接。或者，转接片也可采用弯折的片状结构，以便将极耳32与电极端子22电连接。
该实施例通过转接件将极耳32与电极端子22电连接，既能使极耳32在第一方向Z上匹配电极端子22伸入壳体1内的高度，又能在电极端子22与相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的两个极耳32连接时，先通过转接件将两个极耳32搭接在一起，再使电极端子22与转接件连接，有利于增加有效电连接面积，在两个极耳32距离较远时方便连接。若采用焊接的方式，可减少转接焊的次数，从而减少电流回路中的电阻，还能防止焊接能 量灼伤电极组件3，提高装配质量。
在一些实施例中，每组电极组件3均包括多个电极组件3，多个电极组件3沿第三方向Y叠加设置，第三方向Y垂直于第二方向X和第一方向Z。如图3所示，每组电极组件3包括两个电极组件3。
该实施例将每组电极组件3设计为多个电极组件3沿第三方向Y叠加的形式，在满足散热要求的情况下，在单个电极组件3厚度一定的情况下，可增加电池单体100的容量，且在一组电极组件3厚度一定的情况下，可减小卷绕式电极组件3中极片的长度，或者减少叠片式电极组件3中极片的叠加层数。
在一些实施例中，如图3、图4和图5，电池单体100包括两组电极组件3，两种电极端子22包括沿第二方向X间隔设置的第一电极端子221和两个第二电极端子222，第一电极端子221设在两个第二电极端子222之间，电极组件3的两种极耳32包括第一极耳321和第二极耳322。
其中，两组电极组件3的第一极耳321靠近设置且均与第一电极端子221连接，两组电极组件3的第二极耳322沿第二方向X位于第一极耳321的两侧，且分别与同侧的第二电极端子222连接。
例如，每组电极组件3的第一极耳321和第二极耳322可从主体部31沿第二方向X靠近两端的位置引出，相应地，位于最外侧的两个第二电极端子222沿第二方向X设在端盖本体21靠近两端的位置。第一电极端子221可设在端盖本体21沿第二方向X的中间区域，以使电子从相邻两组电极组件3的第一极耳321传输至第一电极端子221的距离接近，利于减少发热。
由于第一电极端子221同时与相邻两组电极组件3的第一极耳321连接，为了提高电池单体100的过流能力，第一电极端子221在垂直于第一方向Z所在截面内的面积可大于第二电极端子222。例如，位于中间的第一电极端子221可以为正极端子，两侧的第二电极端子222为负极端子；或者位于中间的第一电极端子221可以为负极端子，两侧的第二电极端子222为正极端子。
该实施例的电池单体100在壳体1内沿第二方向X并排设置两组电极组件3，可在增大电池单体100容量的基础上提高散热效果。而且，第一电极端子221和位于两侧的第二电极端子222在第二方向X上间隔设置，且每个电极端子22均与相应区域的极耳32电连接，可避免在电池单体100内部设置复杂的电连接结构，简化了结构，易于装配，还降低了短路的风险，可提高电池单体100工作的安全性。另外，在增大电池单体100容量的基础上，可使电池单体100在三个正交方向的尺寸比例尽量均衡，保证整体强度，以防 止电池单体100在使用过程中发生变形。
如图6所示，端盖组件2还包括设在端盖本体21上的泄压部件23，泄压部件23设在相邻两个电极端子22之间的任意位置，泄压部件23可设置一个或多个。由于壳体1内空间连通，设置一个泄压部件23也可满足功能需求。例如，泄压部件23设在第一电极端子221和第二电极端子222之间。
泄压部件23是指电池单体100的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。所述阈值可能取决于电池单体100中的第一极片、第二极片、电解液和隔膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压部件23可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体100的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压部件23执行动作或者泄压部件23中设置的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，电池单体100还包括设在壳体1中的至少一个隔板12，至少一个隔板12被配置为将壳体1内的空间沿第二方向X分隔为至少两个容纳腔13，至少两组电极组件3一一对应地设在至少两个容纳腔13内。隔板12与电极组件3之间绝缘。
该实施例通过设置隔板12，可用于对电极组件3进行定位和限位，避免多组电极组件3之间在使用过程中发生晃动互相干涉，使电极组件3的位置更稳定，防止发生碰撞使极片上的活性物质脱落影响性能，或者极耳32与电极端子22电连接的位置由于经常错动而发生脱开，还可保证相邻两个电极组件3之间的绝缘性能，从而提高电池单体100工作的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，至少一个隔板12与壳体1连接。
例如，隔板12可与壳体1垂直于第三方向Y的两个侧壁连接，或者与壳体1沿第一方向Z与端盖组件2相对设置的底壁连接。例如，隔板12通过紧固件、粘接等方式可拆卸地安装于壳体1上，或者隔板12与壳体1一体成型。例如，隔板12可与壳体1均采用金属材料制成，例如铝合金等。
容纳腔13的体积可稍大于一组电极组件3的体积，以使电极组件3与壳体1和隔板12之间留出间隙，在限制电极组件3的最大晃动量的基础上，为电极组件3的膨胀留出空间，以释放内部应力。
该实施例将隔板12与壳体1连接，可使隔板12与壳体1之间的位置相对固定，以便更好地对电极组件3进行定位和限位；而且，由于壳体1内沿第二方向X并排设置 至少两组电极组件3，增加了壳体1沿第一方向X的尺寸，设置隔板12可以对壳体1形成支撑，加强了壳体1的整体强度，在壳体1存放、转运以及电池单体100装配、使用的过程中，都能够防止壳体1发生变形，提高电池单体100的装配质量和使用可靠性。
而且，如果不设置隔板12，壳体1内具有与多组电极组件3对应的区域，在电极组件3膨胀的过程中对相应位置的壳体1施加膨胀力，由于壳体1垂直于第三方向Y的侧壁面积较大容易变形，会使不同组电极组件3对应区域的膨胀产生相互影响。
该实施例通过设置隔板12，可加强壳体1位于相邻两组电极组件3之间区域的刚度，使不同组电极组件3的膨胀过程相互独立，避免相互影响，使电极组件3在使用过程中受到膨胀力时各处受力均匀，从而使电极组件3内部的电流分布均匀，以免引起容量“跳水”，进而提高电池单体100的使用寿命。其中，容量“跳水”是指电池单体100在寿命衰降到80％以下之后发生容量非线性下降的现象。
在一些实施例中，相邻容纳腔13之间相互连通。例如，可在隔板12上设置至少一个通孔，或者在隔板12与壳体1之间保留预设间距。
该实施例使相邻容纳腔13之间相互连通，能够使不同容纳腔13之间的电解液互相流通，使各容纳腔13内电解液的容量均衡且浓度均匀，从而使电池单体100工作时不同容纳腔13内电极组件3的充放电过程更加均衡；而且，在电池单体100工作过程中，通过电解液的流动也可平衡不同容纳腔13中热量的分布，防止局部温升过高。
在一些实施例中，隔板12的厚度大于壳体1的厚度。例如，隔板12的厚度超出壳体1的厚度范围可设计0.3mm之内。
该实施例通过增加隔板12厚度，可更好地加强壳体1中间区域的刚度，使电极组件3在使用过程中受到膨胀力时各处受力均匀，以免引起容量“跳水”，从而进一步提高电池单体100的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，隔板12远离端盖组件2的第一端与壳体1的底壁之间具有第一预设距离H1，壳体1的底壁与端盖组件2沿第一方向Z相对设置。例如，H1的范围可设计为3mm～5mm。隔板12可与壳体1垂直于第三方向Y且相对的两个侧壁连接。
该实施例通过在隔板12与壳体1的底壁之间设置第一预设距离H1，此种连通结构可使隔板12两侧的容纳腔13连通，使两侧容纳腔13中的电解液自由流动，降低流动阻力，可更好地平衡电解液的量和浓度。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，两种极耳32均朝向端盖组件2引出，隔板12靠近端盖组件2的第二端低于主体部31的端面第二预设距离H2，主体部31的端面用于引 出两种极耳32。
该实施例使隔板12低于主体部31，可防止极耳32在弯折时与隔板12接触发生短路，并防止隔板12与第一转接件4接触发生短路，可提高电池单体100工作的安全性。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示，电极组件3为卷绕结构，且电极组件3的卷绕轴线K沿第一方向Z设置。
电极组件3由极性相反的第一极片33、第二极片34和隔膜35卷绕形成，第一极片33和第二极片34交替设置，隔膜35将第一极片33和第二极片34隔开。第一极片33和第二极片34的形状基本相同，可以是长条形带状结构。卷绕后主体部31可以为圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状。例如，第一极片33可以为正极极片，第二极片34为负极极片；或者第一极片33为负极极片，第二极片34为正极极片。
该实施例使电极组件3的卷绕轴线K沿第一方向Z设置，可使电解液均匀地浸润到电极组件3的端部，使第一极片33和第二极片34各位置导电均匀，提高电池单体100的性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件3具有扁平面36和圆弧面37，电极组件3的扁平面36垂直于第三方向Y设置，即电极组件3的厚度方向与第三方向Y一致，第三方向Y垂直于第二方向X和第一方向Z，每相邻两组电极组件3的圆弧面37沿第二方向X相对设置。
具体地，电极组件3卷绕后呈扁平状，其外表面具有两个扁平面36和两个圆弧面37，两个扁平面36沿第三方向Y平行相对设置，扁平面36大致平行于卷绕轴线K且为面积最大的外表面。扁平面36可以是相对平整的表面，并不要求是纯平面。其中一个圆弧面37连接在两个扁平面36各自的第一端，另一个圆弧面37连接在两个扁平面各自的第二端。在制作电极组件3时，电极组件3可直接卷绕为扁平状，也可以先卷绕成中空的圆柱形结构，卷绕之后再压平为扁平状。
该实施例采用卷绕式电极组件3，易于实现机械化制造，均一性更有保证，利于批量生产。而且，使多组电极组件3并排设置的方向垂直于电极组件3的厚度方向，与多组电极组件3沿厚度方向叠加设置相比，可在实现大容量电池单体100的基础上，增强散热效果，在快充或长时间使用时，提高电池的使用寿命、可靠性和安全性；还可解决极片行程长影响电极组件3制造效率和成功率的问题。
在一些实施例中，如图9所示，电极组件3为层叠结构，电极组件3具有极性相反且沿第三方向Y叠加设置的第一极片33和第二极片34，第三方向Y垂直于第二方向 X和第一方向Z。
具体地，电极组件3通过第一极片33、第二极片34和隔膜35沿第三方向Y叠加设置，第一极片33和第二极片34交替设置，且隔膜35将第一极片33和第二极片34隔开。
该实施例采用叠片式电极组件3，尺寸设置比较灵活，第一极片33和第二极片34可裁切为矩形结构，可更好地占用壳体1内的空间，提高电池单体100的能量密度。而且，使多组电极组件3并排设置的方向垂直于电极组件3的厚度方向，与多组电极组件3沿厚度方向叠加设置相比，可在实现大容量电池单体100的基础上，增强散热效果，在快充或长时间使用时，提高电池的使用寿命、可靠性和安全性。
在一些实施例中，电池单体100在第二方向X上的第一尺寸L1与第三方向Y上的第二尺寸L2的比值范围为8～130，其中第三方向Y垂直于第二方向X和第一方向Z。
该实施例的电池单体100为了增加容量，在第二方向X上并排设置多组电极组件3，通过增加电池单体100沿第二方向X(宽度方向)的尺寸，由此可减小沿第三方向Y(厚度方向)的尺寸，此种细长形电池单体100既能满足大容量的需求，又能优化散热效果，具有较好的使用性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件3包括层叠设置的第一极片33和第二极片34，第二极片34用于形成主体部31的区域涂覆有负极活性物质，负极活性物质的涂覆重量CW与壳体1的厚度THK之间满足如下关系：
2.53＜30/THK+0.135CW＜4.53             (1)
其中，对于快充型的电池单体100来说，限制快充能力提升的指标一般有两个，一个是负极极片的嵌锂能力，另一个是快充过程中因为极化产生的温升。要提高负极极片的嵌锂能力，提高充电速度，缩短充电时间，最直接的方法就是做轻薄化的负极涂布设计。随着负极活性物质的涂覆重量CW降低，锂离子电池单体100快充能力提高，充电所需的时间也大幅降低。
而且，随着快充能力的提高，电池单体100所需的充电时间缩短，电池散热的问题变得严峻。在常规的电池结构设计下，受限于电池单体100沿第二方向X(宽度方向)尺寸的增加，为了制作大容量电池单体100需要增加沿第三方向Y(厚度方向)的尺寸，而在快充时间缩短之后，厚度增加会导致电极组件3内部散热路径过长，热量导出的速率慢，存在超温的风险。实际上，发明人通过大量的实验验证和模拟计算，发现负极极片的涂布重量与快充时间密切相关，而为了不同快充速度下电池单体100不超过一定的温度上限，壳体1的厚度与快充时间也密切相关。
负极活性物质的涂覆重量CW越轻，电池单体100所需的充电时间越短，为了兼顾散热，锂离子电池单体的厚度也应该越小。通过大量的实验验证和模拟仿真，发明者发现当满足公式(1)时，电池单体100可实现快充能力的提升和温升不超过预设阈值的效果。
如下表1所示，负极极片在不同的负极活性物质的涂覆重量CW设计下，具备不同的等效快充能力，等效快充能力XC指的是锂离子电池充电至80％电量所能够承受的充电倍率，X为充电倍率。如CW为7.5mg/cm 2的设计下，电池单体100可以用4C的倍率从空电状态下充至80％的电量；快充温升指的是在25℃的环境温度下，锂离子电池单体100处于自然散热的状态下，以等效快充倍率XC充电至80％电量时，电池单体100中心位置的温升，中心位置的温度最高且能够准确反应电池单体100的温度。
在锂离子电池的使用场景中，为了保证电池的使用寿命和安全性，电池的最高使用温度不能超过55℃，而在25℃环境下快充时，意味着电池的最大温升上限就是30℃，在这一限定条件下，发明者通过实验测试结合仿真分析，得出了负极极片在不同的负极活性物质的涂覆重量CW设计下，壳体1厚度THK可设计的最大值，如下表1所示。而为了提升制备效率和保证电池单体100的容量，壳体1的厚度也不能够设计得太薄，一般需要大于10mm。因此，满足公式(1)的锂离子电池可实现快充能力提升和温升不超过预设阈值的技术效果，同时还能够保证足够的容量设计。
表1电池单体设计参数与充电性能对应关系表
Figure PCTCN2021131506-appb-000001
从表1可以看出，负极活性物质的涂覆重量CW越轻，壳体1厚度THK越薄，在充电温升不超过预设阈值的情况下，电池单体100可实现的等效快充能力越大，所需的充电时间越短。
下面将以图3至图7为例，给出本申请电池单体100的一些具体实施例。
如图3至图6所示，电池单体100包括壳体1、端盖组件2和两组电极组件3。壳体1具有朝向第一方向Z设置的开口11，且壳体1内设有隔板12，隔板12将壳体1内的空间沿第二方向X分隔为两个容纳腔13。端盖组件2被配置为封闭开口11，端盖组件2包括端盖本体21和设在端盖本体21上且极性相反的第一电极端子221和两个第二电极端子222，第一电极端子221位于端盖本体21沿第二方向X的中间位置，两个第二电极端 子222分别位于端盖本体21靠近两端的位置，端盖本体21上还设有泄压部件23，泄压部件23位于第一电极端子221和第二电极端子222之间。
两组电极组件3分别设在两个容纳腔13内，每组电极组件3包括沿第三方向Y叠加设置的两个电极组件3，每个电极组件3均包括主体部31、第一极耳321和第二极耳322，第一极耳321和第二极耳322极性相反且均从主体部31朝向端盖组件2的端面朝向端盖组件2引出。两组电极组件3中的第一极耳321相互靠近，且通过第一转接件4共同与第一电极端子221电连接，两组电极组件3中的第二极耳322相互远离，且分别通过第二转接件5与相应位置的第二电极端子222电连接。
如图7所示，第二电极端子222与第二极耳322相对设置，第二转接件5沿第二方向X方向的尺寸可与第二极耳322一致。第一转接件4搭接于两个第一极耳321，第一电极端子221与第一转接件4相对设置。
隔板12远离端盖组件2的第一端与壳体1的底壁之间具有第一预设距离H1，壳体1的底壁与端盖组件2沿第一方向Z相对设置。隔板12靠近端盖组件2的第二端低于主体部31的端面第二预设距离H2，主体部31的端面用于引出第一极耳321和第二极耳322。
在详细描述了本申请电池单体100的实施例之后，下面基于此种电池单体100的结构，给出电池200中多个电池单体100的连接方式。
在一些实施例中，如图10至图13所示，电池200包括电池模块200’，电池模块200’包括多个电池单体100，多个电池单体100包括沿第三方向Y并排交替设置的第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102，第三方向Y垂直于第二方向X和第一方向Z，第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102沿第二方向X位于同一位置的电极端子22的极性相反。
其中，所有的第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102中沿第二方向X位于同一位置的各组电极组件3依次串联形成电极串3’，且所有的第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102中沿第二方向X位于不同位置的电极串3’并联设置。
该实施例的电池200通过采用两种类型的电池单体100沿第三方向Y并排交替布置，能够通过简单的外部电路连接实现电池模块200’中所有电池单体100的串并联，以实现更大的容量满足用电装置的需求。
下面以电池模块200’中设置数量不同的电池单体100为例进行说明。
在一些实施例中，如图10所示，电池模块200’中包括沿第三方向Y并排设置的两个电池单体100，分别为第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102，电池单体100内沿第 二方向X并排设置两组电极组件3。
第一电池单体101的中间位置设有第一电极端子221，两端分别设有第二电极端子222；第二电池单体102的中间位置设有第二电极端子222，两端分别设有第一电极端子221。
第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102沿第二方向X位于同一端的第二电极端子222与第一电极端子221通过第一连接件202电连接，以使第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102中沿第二方向X位于同一位置的两组电极组件3串联形成电极串3’，共形成两个电极串3’。例如，第一连接件202可以为连接片、连接条或导线等。位于中间位置的第一电极端子221和第二电极端子222分别作为两个输出极向外引出供电，以实现两个电极串3’的并联。
图11为图10所示电池模块200’的一种极性示意图。第一电极端子221为负极端子，第二电极端子222为正极端子。第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102沿第二方向X位于同一位置的电极端子22的极性均相反。
图12为图11所示两个电池单体100中各电极组件3的电路连接示意图。第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102中位于左侧的两个电极组件3通过第一连接件202串联形成电极串3’，位于右侧的两个电极组件3通过第一连接件202串联形成电极串3’，两个电极串3’并联并通过中间位置的正极端子和负极端子向外输出电能。
在另一些实施例中，如图13所示，电池模块200’中包括沿第三方向Y并排设置的六个电池单体100，包括沿第三方向Y并排交替设置的三个第一电池单体101和三个第二电池单体102，电池单体100内沿第二方向X并排设置两组电极组件3。
第一电池单体101的中间位置设有第一电极端子221，两端分别设有第二电极端子222；第二电池单体102的中间位置设有第二电极端子222，两端分别设有第一电极端子221。
从最外侧的电池单体100起，每两个相邻的第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102作为电池单体组，同一电池单体组中第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102沿第二方向X位于同一端的第二电极端子222与第一电极端子221通过第一连接件202电连接，且相邻两个电池单体组中相互靠近的第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102通过第二连接件203电连接，以使所有的第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102中沿第二方向X位于同一位置的各组(六组)电极组件3串联形成电极串3’，共形成两个电极串3’。例如，第二连接件203可以为连接片、连接条或导线等。
沿第三方向Y位于最外侧的两个电池单体100中间位置的第一电极端子221和第 二电极端子222分别作为两个输出极向外引出供电，以实现两个电极串3’的并联。
其次，本申请提供了一种电池单体100的制造方法，在一些实施例中，如图14所示，制造方法包括：
S110、电极提供步骤：提供至少两组电极组件3，其中，至少两组电极组件3中的每组电极组件3均包括至少一个电极组件3，电极组件3包括主体部31和从主体部31引出的极性相反的两种极耳32；
S120、电极放置步骤：将至少两组电极组件3沿第二方向X并排设在壳体1内，其中壳体1具有朝向第一方向Z设置的开口11，第二方向X垂直于第一方向Z，且每相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的两个极耳32极性相同，每相邻两组电极组件3中相互远离的两个极耳32极性相同；
S130、端盖安装步骤：将端盖组件2封闭壳体1的开口11，其中端盖组件2包括端盖本体21和设在端盖本体21上且极性相反的两种电极端子22；
S140、端子连接步骤：将每相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的两个极耳32共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子22，并将每相邻两组电极组件3中相互远离的两个极耳32分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子22。
该实施例的制造方法使电池单体100中每相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的两个极耳32极性相同，且共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子22，至少具备如下优点：
1、可减少电极端子22的数量，还可将相邻两组电极组件3中同极性的极耳32方便地连接在一起，缩短用于连接同极性的极耳32的连接件的长度，简化了电池单体100的电连接结构，还能电池单体100的内阻。
2、不同极性的极耳32在第二方向X上处于相对独立的区域，降低了短路的风险，可提高电池单体100工作的安全性。
3、相邻两组电极组件3中同极性的极耳32可方便地连接，无需考虑不同极性极耳32各自在连接时的避让问题，允许极耳32进行弯折，可减少极耳32在第一方向Z上占用的空间，从而提高电池单体100的能量密度。
4、由于相邻两组电极组件3中同极性的极耳32之间距离较近，在共同连接至同极性的电极端子22上时，电子通过不同极耳32传输至电极端子22的距离均较近，可减少发热量，且有利于热量的传导和分配，降低了电池单体100温升的风险，提高工作安全性。
最后，本申请提供了一种电池单体100的制造设备400，如图15所示，制造设备400包括：电极提供装置410、电极放置装置420、端盖安装装置430和端子连接装置 440。其中：
电极提供装置410，被配置为提供至少两组电极组件3，其中，至少两组电极组件3中的每组电极组件3均包括至少一个电极组件3，电极组件3包括主体部31和从主体部31引出的极性相反的两种极耳32。
电极放置装置420，被配置为将至少两组电极组件3沿第二方向X并排设在壳体1内，其中壳体1具有朝向第一方向Z设置的开口11，第二方向X垂直于第一方向Z，且每相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的两个极耳32极性相同，每相邻两组电极组件3中相互远离的两个极耳32极性相同。
端盖安装装置430，被配置为将端盖组件2封闭壳体1的开口11，其中端盖组件2包括端盖本体21和设在端盖本体21上且极性相反的两种电极端子22。
端子连接装置440，被配置为将每相邻两组电极组件3中相互靠近的两个极耳32共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子22，并将每相邻两组电极组件3中相互远离的两个极耳32分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子22。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种电池单体(100)，包括：
    壳体(1)，具有朝向第一方向(Z)设置的开口(11)；
    端盖组件(2)，被配置为封闭所述开口(11)，所述端盖组件(2)包括端盖本体(21)和设在所述端盖本体(21)上且极性相反的两种电极端子(22)；和
    至少两组电极组件(3)，沿第二方向(X)并排设在所述壳体(1)内，所述第二方向(X)垂直于所述第一方向(Z)，所述至少两组电极组件(3)中的每组电极组件(3)均包括至少一个电极组件(3)，所述电极组件(3)包括主体部(31)和从所述主体部(31)引出的极性相反的两种极耳(32)；
    其中，每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互靠近的两个极耳(32)极性相同，且共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子(22)，每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互远离的两个极耳(32)极性相同且分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子(22)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述两种电极端子(22)中的所有电极端子(22)的数量之和为N1个，所述至少两组电极组件(3)的数量为N2组，其中，N1为大于或等于3的奇数，N2为大于或等于2的偶数。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述两种电极端子(22)中的所有电极端子(22)的数量之和为N1个，所述至少两组电极组件(3)的数量为N2组，N1和N2满足关系：N1-N2＝1。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述两种电极端子(22)中的所有电极端子(22)沿所述第二方向(X)间隔设置，每个所述电极端子(22)与其相连接的所述极耳(32)沿所述第一方向(Z)相对设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述两种极耳(32)均朝向所述端盖组件(2)引出。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的电池单体(100)，还包括：第一转接件(4)和第二转接件(5)，所述相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互靠近的两个极耳(32)通过所述第一转接件(4)连接于一个同极性的电极端子(22)，所述相邻两组电极组件(3)中相互远离的两个极耳(32)分别通过所述第二转接件(5)连接于一个同极性的电极端子(22)。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述电极组件(3)为卷绕结构，且所述电极组件(3)的卷绕轴线(K)沿所述第一方向(Z)设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述电极组件(3)具有扁平面(36)和圆弧面(37)，所述电极组件(3)的扁平面(36)垂直于第三方向(Y)设置，所述第三方向(Y)垂直于所述第二方向(X)和所述第一方向(Z)，每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)的圆弧面(37)沿所述第二方向(X)相对设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述电极组件(3)为层叠结构，所述电极组件(3)具有极性相反且沿第三方向(Y)叠加设置的第一极片(33)和第二极片(34)，所述第三方向(Y)垂直于所述第二方向(X)和所述第一方向(Z)。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，每组电极组件(3)均包括多个电极组件(3)，所述多个电极组件(3)沿第三方向(Y)叠加设置，所述第三方向(Y)垂直于所述第二方向(X)和所述第一方向(Z)。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的电池单体(100)，包括两组所述电极组件(3)，所述两种电极端子(22)包括沿所述第二方向(X)间隔设置的第一电极端子(221)和两个第二电极端子(222)，所述第一电极端子(221)设在所述两个第二电极端子(222)之间，所述电极组件(3)的两种极耳(32)包括第一极耳(321)和第二极耳(322)；
    其中，两组所述电极组件(3)的所述第一极耳(321)靠近设置且均与所述第一电极端子(221)连接，两组所述电极组件(3)的所述第二极耳(322)沿所述第二方向(X)位于所述第一极耳(321)的两侧，且分别与同侧的所述第二电极端子(222)连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的电池单体(100)，还包括设在所述壳体(1)中的至少一个隔板(12)，所述至少一个隔板(12)被配置为将所述壳体(1)内的空间沿所述第二方向(X)分隔为至少两个容纳腔(13)，所述至少两组电极组件(3)一一对应地设在所述至少两个容纳腔(13)内。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述至少一个隔板(12)与所述壳体(1)连接。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的电池单体(100)，其中，相邻所述容纳腔(13)之间相互连通。
  15. 根据权利要求12至14任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述隔板(12)的厚度大于所述壳体(1)的厚度。
  16. 根据权利要求12至15任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述隔板(12)远 离所述端盖组件(2)的第一端与所述壳体(1)的底壁之间具有第一预设距离H1，所述壳体(1)的底壁与所述端盖组件(2)沿所述第一方向(Z)相对设置；和/或
    所述两种极耳(32)均朝向所述端盖组件(2)引出，所述隔板(12)靠近所述端盖组件(2)的第二端低于所述主体部(31)的端面第二预设距离H2，所述主体部(31)的端面用于引出所述两种极耳(32)。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述电池单体(100)在所述第二方向(X)上的第一尺寸L1与所述第三方向(Y)上的第二尺寸L2的比值范围为8～130，其中所述第三方向(Y)垂直于所述第二方向(X)和所述第一方向(Z)。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述电极组件(3)包括层叠设置的第一极片(33)和第二极片(34)，所述第二极片(34)为负极极片，所述负极极片用于形成所述主体部(31)的区域涂覆有负极活性物质，所述负极活性物质的涂覆重量CW与所述壳体(1)的厚度THK之间满足如下关系：
    2.53＜30/THK+0.135CW＜4.53。
  19. 一种电池(200)，包括权利要求1至18任一项所述的电池单体(100)。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池(200)，包括电池模块(200’)，所述电池模块(200’)包括多个所述电池单体(100)，多个所述电池单体(100)包括沿第三方向(Y)并排交替设置的第一电池单体(101)和第二电池单体(102)，所述第三方向(Y)垂直于所述第二方向(X)和所述第一方向(Z)，所述第一电池单体(101)和所述第二电池单体(102)沿所述第二方向(X)位于同一位置的所述电极端子(22)的极性相反；
    其中，所有的所述第一电池单体(101)和所述第二电池单体(102)中沿第二方向(X)位于同一位置的各组电极组件(3)依次串联形成电极串(3’)，且所有的所述第一电池单体(101)和所述第二电池单体(102)中沿第二方向(X)位于不同位置的所述电极串(3’)并联设置。
  21. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求19或20所述的电池(200)，所述电池(200)用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
  22. 一种电池单体(100)的制造方法，包括：
    电极提供步骤：提供至少两组电极组件(3)，其中，所述至少两组电极组件(3)中的每组电极组件(3)均包括至少一个电极组件(3)，所述电极组件(3)包括主体部(31)和从所述主体部(31)引出的极性相反的两种极耳(32)；
    电极放置步骤：将所述至少两组电极组件(3)沿第二方向(X)并排设在壳体(1)内，其中所述壳体(1)具有朝向第一方向(Z)设置的开口(11)，所述第二方向(X)垂直于所述第一方向(Z)，且每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互靠近的两个极耳(32)极性相同，每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互远离的两个极耳(32)极性相同；
    端盖安装步骤：将端盖组件(2)封闭所述壳体(1)的开口(11)，其中所述端盖组件(2)包括端盖本体(21)和设在所述端盖本体(21)上且极性相反的两种电极端子(22)；
    端子连接步骤：将每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互靠近的两个极耳(32)共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子(22)，并将每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互远离的两个极耳(32)分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子(22)。
  23. 一种电池单体(100)的制造设备(400)，包括：
    电极提供装置(410)，被配置为提供至少两组电极组件(3)，其中，所述至少两组电极组件(3)中的每组电极组件(3)均包括至少一个电极组件(3)，所述电极组件(3)包括主体部(31)和从所述主体部(31)引出的极性相反的两种极耳(32)；
    电极放置装置(420)，被配置为将所述至少两组电极组件(3)沿第二方向(X)并排设在壳体(1)内，其中所述壳体(1)具有朝向第一方向(Z)设置的开口(11)，所述第二方向(X)垂直于所述第一方向(Z)，且每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互靠近的两个极耳(32)极性相同，每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互远离的两个极耳(32)极性相同；
    端盖安装装置(430)，被配置为将端盖组件(2)封闭所述壳体(1)的开口(11)，其中所述端盖组件(2)包括端盖本体(21)和设在所述端盖本体(21)上且极性相反的两种电极端子(22)；和
    端子连接装置(440)，被配置为将每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互靠近的两个极耳(32)共同连接于一个同极性的电极端子(22)，并将每相邻两组所述电极组件(3)中相互远离的两个极耳(32)分别连接于一个同极性的电极端子(22)。
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CN116565467A (zh) * 2023-07-10 2023-08-08 宁德新能源科技有限公司 电化学装置及用电设备
CN116565467B (zh) * 2023-07-10 2023-09-19 宁德新能源科技有限公司 电化学装置及用电设备

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