WO2023092449A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法和装置、用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法和装置、用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092449A1
WO2023092449A1 PCT/CN2021/133475 CN2021133475W WO2023092449A1 WO 2023092449 A1 WO2023092449 A1 WO 2023092449A1 CN 2021133475 W CN2021133475 W CN 2021133475W WO 2023092449 A1 WO2023092449 A1 WO 2023092449A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tab
battery cell
electrode terminal
end cap
tab group
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PCT/CN2021/133475
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许虎
黄思应
赵丰刚
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202180092756.1A priority Critical patent/CN116868420A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/133475 priority patent/WO2023092449A1/zh
Publication of WO2023092449A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092449A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery cell, its manufacturing method and device, and an electrical device.
  • batteries such as lithium-ion have the advantages of high energy density, high power density, many cycle times, and long storage time, they have been widely used in electric vehicles.
  • the purpose of this application is to improve the performance of the battery.
  • a battery cell including:
  • a housing having an opening
  • An end cap assembly used to close the opening, the end cap assembly includes an end cap body and an electrode terminal, and the electrode terminal is insulated and connected to the end cap body;
  • the electrode assembly is arranged in the casing.
  • the electrode assembly has a winding structure and includes: a main body, a first tab set and a second tab set, the first tab set and the second tab set have opposite polarities, and are connected to the main body portion along the same side of the winding axis of the winding structure;
  • the first tab group is electrically connected to the electrode terminal, and the center line of the electrode terminal is offset by a predetermined distance relative to the winding axis in the radial direction of the winding structure, and the second tab group is electrically connected to the end cap body.
  • the first tab group and the second tab group are led out from the same end of the main body, and only one end of the electrode assembly needs to be reserved for electrical connection space, and it is also omitted to separately arrange electrodes at both ends of the battery cell.
  • the terminal can effectively increase the overall energy density of the battery cell. When the capacity of the battery cell is constant, the volume of the battery cell can be reduced, making it easier for the battery to be laid out in the electrical device.
  • the first tab group is electrically connected to the electrode terminal
  • the second tab group is directly electrically connected to the end cover body, which can simplify the structure and assembly process of the battery cell.
  • a large space can be left on the end cover body, and the center line of the electrode terminal is offset by a preset distance in the radial direction of the winding structure relative to the winding axis, which can further increase the space on the end cover body.
  • the space on one side of the electrode terminal is easy to arrange liquid injection holes and pressure relief structures on the end cover body, and it also leaves ample space for the arrangement of temperature collection components, confluence parts between battery cells and various wires; on the other hand
  • the position of the electrode terminal can be flexibly adjusted according to the position of the first tab group, and it is also beneficial to increase the cross-sectional area of the electrode terminal to increase the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell.
  • the first tab set and the second tab set are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the winding structure.
  • the first tab group is located on one side of the winding axis as a whole.
  • the center line of the electrode terminal can be positioned within the radius of the winding structure relative to the winding axis. Offset setting up.
  • this kind of structure can make the first tab group and the second tab group be separated in space to avoid short circuit, and it is also possible to make the electrolyte infiltrate into the inside of the main body through the space area, so as to prevent the battery cell from charging and discharging. In the process, the electrolyte is fully reacted with the active materials on the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the surface of the electrode terminal away from the electrode assembly is provided with a first groove, the first groove is concave toward the direction close to the electrode assembly, and a second groove is formed between the bottom surface of the first groove and the surface of the electrode terminal close to the electrode assembly.
  • a welding part, the first tab group is welded to the first welding part.
  • the thickness of the electrode terminal in the welding area is reduced, and after the end cover assembly is installed in the housing, welding can be performed directly from the outside of the electrode terminal, which simplifies the assembly process, and The firmness of welding can be improved to reliably realize the electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the first tab group.
  • the surface of the end cap body away from the electrode assembly is provided with a second groove, the second groove is concave toward the direction close to the electrode assembly, and the bottom surface of the second groove is between the surface of the end cap body close to the electrode assembly A second welding portion is formed between them, and the second tab group is welded to the second welding portion.
  • the thickness of the end cap body in the welding area is reduced by providing a second groove on the end cap body, so that after the end cap assembly is installed in the housing, welding can be performed directly from the outside of the end cap body, which simplifies assembly process, and can improve the firmness of the welding, so as to reliably realize the electrical connection between the end cover body and the second tab set.
  • the end cap body includes a main body plate and a protruding portion, the protruding portion is disposed on a side of the main body plate close to the electrode assembly, and the second groove extends into the protruding portion.
  • the main body plate is partially thickened on the side close to the electrode assembly, so that the second welding part is closer to the second tab group in the direction of the winding axis, which facilitates the second tab group
  • the direct single connection with the end cover body saves the adapter piece, which simplifies the structure and can also reduce the lead-out length of the second tab group.
  • the main body plate is locally thickened, by extending the second groove into the protruding portion, the second welding portion can also be kept at an appropriate welding thickness, thereby improving the reliability of electrical connection.
  • the battery cell further includes: an adapter, through which the first tab set is electrically connected to the electrode terminal, and/or the second tab set is electrically connected to the end cap body through the adapter.
  • the requirements for the positional relationship between the first tab group and the electrode terminal, and the second tab group and the end cap body can be reduced by providing the adapter, thereby reducing the difficulty of the electrical connection process; and, Since multiple tabs are relatively fluffy, it is easier to improve the connection reliability through the adapter; in addition, it can also prevent damage to the tabs or the main body during electrical connection, for example, when welding is used, it can prevent the welding heat from making the tabs Or the main body is deformed, or the coating layer on the main body is peeled off.
  • the adapter includes: a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion connected to each other, the size of the first connecting portion in the radial direction is larger than that of the second connecting portion, the first connecting portion and the first tab group or the second tab group are electrically connected, and the second connection part is connected to the electrode terminal or the end cap body.
  • the size of the first connecting portion in the radial direction is larger than that of the second connecting portion, so that the first connecting portion can cover more tabs in the first tab group or the second tab group in the radial direction, increasing the The length of the connection between the first connecting part and the first tab group or the second tab group in the radial direction improves the reliability of the electrical connection.
  • the welding track can pass through more tabs, so that The connection between the first connecting portion and each tab is more firm.
  • the second connecting part can be adapted to the connection area of the electrode terminal or the end cap body, thereby adapting to the smaller cross-sectional area of the terminal and reducing the electrical connection area on the end cap body, to leave space for laying out other components.
  • the first tab set is a negative tab set
  • the second tab set is a positive tab set
  • the polarities of the first tab group and the second tab group are set according to the materials usually used for the tabs, the end cap body, and the electrode terminals, which can simplify the first tab group on the basis of ensuring the performance of the battery cell. and the electrical connection process of the second tab group.
  • the first tab group is a positive tab group
  • the second tab group is a negative tab group.
  • the main body has a plurality of pole piece layers in the radial direction
  • the first tab group includes a plurality of first tabs stacked
  • the second tab group includes a plurality of second tabs stacked;
  • at least two adjacent first tabs in the first tab group are separated by more than one pole sheet layer of the same polarity, and/or at least two adjacent second tabs in the second tab group are spaced apart.
  • This embodiment reduces the number of tabs drawn from the same pole piece in the electrode assembly, reduces the difficulty of the die-cutting tab process, and can also improve the misalignment of multiple tabs in the tab group after winding, and it is easy to control the misalignment within In a smaller range, thereby increasing the effective connection between the tab group and the electrode terminal; moreover, this structure can choose to set relatively sparse tabs in the winding inner ring area to reduce the difficulty of die-cutting the tabs and improve the efficiency of the poles.
  • the size and position accuracy of the ears; in addition, this way of drawing out the tabs can reduce the weight of the electrode assembly, thereby reducing the weight of the battery cell. All of the above advantages can improve the performance of the battery cell.
  • the number of pole sheet layers of the same polarity spaced between every two adjacent first tabs in the first tab group is equal, and/or every two adjacent first tabs in the second tab group
  • the number of pole piece layers of the same polarity spaced between the dipole lugs is equal.
  • This embodiment makes the plurality of tabs in the tab group evenly distributed in the radial direction, and it is easier to extract the electric energy provided by the plurality of tabs in the tab group. For example, if the tab group is connected to the electrode terminal through the adapter Connection, when welding is used, it is easier to control the welding track of the adapter and the tab group, to ensure the electrical connection between the tab group and the adapter, and to improve the reliability of the battery cell.
  • the number of pole sheet layers spaced between every two adjacent first tabs in the first tab group decreases gradually from the inside to the outside, and/or every two adjacent tabs in the second tab group The number of pole piece layers spaced between the second tabs gradually decreases from the inside to the outside.
  • This embodiment considers that the winding circumference of the pole piece gradually decreases from the outer layer to the inner layer, the distance between two adjacent tabs near the inner layer is small, and the tabs are densely distributed. If each pole piece layer leads out the tabs , the distance between adjacent lugs is small, the flow capacity of the radially inner region of the lug group has a surplus, and it causes greater difficulty for the die-cutting process, it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the die-cutting lugs, and it is also difficult to control Misalignment of multiple tabs in a tab set.
  • the innermost first pole lug is drawn from the n 1 pole piece layer of the same polarity from the innermost, n 1 >1; and/or the innermost second pole The ear is drawn from the n 2 pole piece layer of the same polarity from the innermost, n 2 >1.
  • This embodiment can increase the distance between the first tab set and the second tab set, so as to reduce the possibility of the two overlapping and ensure the insulation effect between the tab sets of different polarities.
  • the first tab set and the second tab set are arranged symmetrically with respect to the winding axis.
  • This embodiment makes the first pole piece and the second pole piece have the same flow capacity, and it is beneficial to increase the circumferential size of the tab group, which can improve the flow capacity of the battery cell, and can improve the flow capacity of the first tab group and the The space isolation effect of the second tab group prevents short circuit. Moreover, if the first tab group is electrically connected to the electrode terminal through an adapter, and the second tab group is electrically connected to the end cap body through another adapter, the first tab group and the second tab group are arranged symmetrically. An arrangement space is provided for the two adapter pieces, which can prevent the short circuit caused by the two adapter pieces being too close in the circumferential direction.
  • the housing has a concave portion, and the concave portion is recessed inwardly relative to the outer wall of the housing as a whole in the circumferential direction, and the housing forms a bent portion at one end of the concave portion close to the opening, and the bent portion has an accommodating cavity, The outer end of the end cover body along the radial direction is inserted into the accommodating cavity, and the battery cell also includes a seal, which is arranged between the bent portion and the end cover body.
  • the fixing between the end cover assembly and the housing is realized by means of upset sealing, and the insulation between the end cover body and the housing can be realized by setting the seal, so that when the end cover body is used as the electrode terminal , can make the housing uncharged, improving the safety of the battery cell work.
  • a battery including: the battery cell described in the above embodiments and a box body, where the box body is used to accommodate the battery cell.
  • an electric device including the battery of the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • a method for manufacturing a battery cell including:
  • Parts supplying step providing a housing, an end cap assembly and an electrode assembly; wherein, the housing has an opening, the end cap assembly includes an end cap body and an electrode terminal insulatedly connected to the end cap body, and the centerline of the electrode terminal is relative to the winding The axis is offset by a predetermined distance in the radial direction of the winding structure; the electrode assembly is in a winding structure and includes: a main body, a first tab group and a second tab group, and the first tab group and the second tab group poles opposite in nature and connected to the same side of the main body along the winding axis of the winding structure;
  • the end cover installation step close the opening of the end cover assembly, electrically connect the first tab group to the electrode terminal, and electrically connect the second tab group to the end cover body.
  • a battery cell manufacturing device including:
  • the component providing device is configured to provide a casing, an end cap assembly, and an electrode assembly; wherein the casing has an opening, the end cap assembly includes an end cap body and an electrode terminal insulatedly connected to the end cap body, and the center lines of the electrode terminals are opposite to each other.
  • the winding axis is offset by a predetermined distance in the radial direction of the winding structure; the electrode assembly is in a winding structure and includes: a main body, a first tab group and a second tab group, a first tab group and a second pole the sets of ears are of opposite polarity and are connected to the same side of the body portion along the winding axis of the winding structure; and
  • the end cap installation device is configured to close the opening of the end cap assembly, electrically connect the first tab group to the electrode terminal, and electrically connect the second tab group to the end cap body.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of some embodiments of the present application in which batteries are installed in vehicles.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of some embodiments of the battery of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of battery cells of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of some embodiments of a battery cell of the present application in a longitudinal section.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in longitudinal section of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the end structure of the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 5 .
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view in longitudinal section of other embodiments of the electrode assembly in Fig. 4 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the end structure of the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of fan-shaped structures of the first tab group and the second tab group.
  • FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of the first tab group and the second tab group adopting an equal-width structure.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of other embodiments of battery cells of the present application in a longitudinal section.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic flowchart of some embodiments of the electrode assembly manufacturing method of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the module composition of some embodiments of the electrode assembly manufacturing device of the present application.
  • Electrode assembly 11. Main body; 111. Electrode sheet layer; 12. First tab group; 12', first tab; 121. First bending part; 13. Second tab group; 13' , the second tab; 131, the second bending part; 1, the first pole piece; 2, the second pole piece; 3, the diaphragm; K, the winding axis;
  • 200 battery; 201, box body; 201A, accommodating part; 201B, first cover body; 201C, second cover body;
  • Manufacturing device 400.
  • Component supply equipment 410.
  • End cover installation equipment 420.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least some of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the occurrences of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • a current battery cell generally includes a case and an electrode assembly accommodated in the case, and the case is filled with electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is mainly formed by stacking or winding a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities, and a diaphragm is usually arranged between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the part of the first pole piece and the second pole piece coated with the active material constitutes the main body of the electrode assembly, and the part of the first pole piece and the second pole piece not coated with the active material constitutes the first tab and the second tab respectively.
  • the first pole piece can be a positive pole piece, including a positive current collector and a positive active material layer arranged on both sides of the positive current collector.
  • the material of the positive current collector can be aluminum, for example, and the positive active material can be, for example, Lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.; the second pole piece can be a negative pole piece, including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer arranged on both sides of the negative electrode current collector, and the material of the negative electrode current collector
  • it may be copper
  • the negative electrode active material may be, for example, graphite or silicon.
  • the first tab and the second tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively. During the charge and discharge process of the battery cell, the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the terminals to form a current loop.
  • the current battery cells are usually provided with a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal with opposite polarities, which are used to connect to the power circuit for power supply.
  • the first tab is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal
  • the second tab is electrically connected to the second
  • the two electrode terminals are electrically connected.
  • the second tab and the second electrode terminal are respectively arranged at both ends of the battery cell, correspondingly, the first tab and the second tab Lead out from both ends of the electrode assembly respectively.
  • the inventors thought of setting the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal on the same end of the battery cell, and correspondingly, the first tab and the second tab are separated from the same end of the electrode assembly. end lead out.
  • this setting method faces difficulties in the following two aspects.
  • the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are located at the same end of the battery cell and need to be reliably insulated, and the first tab and the second tab drawn from the same end of the electrode assembly are also not Insulation issues need to be considered to improve the reliability of battery cells.
  • the inventors of the present application started from the idea of increasing the energy density of the battery cells and improving the space layout on the end caps, and improved the way the battery cells output electric energy.
  • the end cover assembly includes an end cover body and an electrode terminal, and the electrode terminal is insulated and connected to the end cover body;
  • the electrode assembly is in a winding structure and includes: a main body, a first tab set and a second tab set, the first tab set and The polarity of the second tab group is opposite, and it is connected to the same side of the main body along the winding axis of the winding structure;
  • the first tab group is electrically connected to the electrode terminal, and the center line of the electrode terminal is at The radial direction of the winding structure is offset by a predetermined distance, and the second tab set is electrically connected to the end cover body.
  • This kind of battery cell can improve the overall energy density, and by eliminating an electrode terminal, the structure and assembly process of the battery cell are simplified, and a large space is left on the end cover body for the arrangement of various components on the end cover. The arrangement leaves ample space.
  • the battery cells of the embodiments of the present application are applicable to batteries and electric devices using batteries.
  • Electric devices can be mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys Including fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, For example, electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers.
  • the electrical device can be a vehicle 300, such as a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, etc.; or the electrical device can also be a drone or a ship, etc. .
  • the vehicle 300 may include an axle 301, a wheel 302 connected to the axle 301, a motor 303, a controller 304 and a battery 200, the motor 303 is used to drive the axle 301 to rotate, and the controller 304 is used to control the operation of the motor 303,
  • the battery 200 can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 300 to provide electric energy for the operation of the motor 303 and other components in the vehicle.
  • the battery 200 includes a case 201 and a battery cell 100 .
  • the battery 200 there may be one or more battery cells 100 .
  • the multiple battery cells 100 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed. 100 are connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole and accommodated in the box 201 . It may also be that all the battery cells 100 are directly connected in series, parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of all the battery cells 100 is housed in the case 201 .
  • the box body 201 is hollow inside and is used to accommodate one or more battery cells 100 . According to the shape, quantity, combination and other requirements of the battery cells 100 contained therein, the box body 201 may also have different shapes and sizes.
  • the box body 201 may include: an accommodating portion 201A, a first cover 201B and a second cover 201C, the opposite ends of the accommodating portion 201A have openings, and the first cover 201B and the second cover 201C are respectively used for closing Both ends of the accommodating portion 201A are open.
  • the accommodating portion 201A has a rectangular cylindrical structure.
  • the battery cell 100 may be, for example, a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium-ion primary battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery.
  • the battery cell 100 includes a casing 101 , an end cap assembly 102 and an electrode assembly 10 .
  • the casing 101 has an opening 1011 ; the end cap assembly 102 is used to close the opening 1011 , the end cap assembly 102 includes an end cap body 1021 and an electrode terminal 1022 , and the electrode terminal 1022 is insulated and connected to the end cap body 1021 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is arranged in the housing 101, the electrode assembly 10 is a winding structure and includes: a main body 11, a first tab set 12 and a second tab set 13, the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 has opposite polarity and is connected to the same side of the body portion 11 along the winding axis K of the winding structure.
  • the first tab group 12 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022, and the center line of the electrode terminal 1022 is offset by a preset distance in the radial direction of the winding structure relative to the winding axis K, and the second tab group 13 is connected to the end cap
  • the body 1021 is electrically connected.
  • the casing 101 is a hollow structure for accommodating the electrode assembly 10 , and the casing 101 has an opening 1011 , and the end cap body 1021 is used to cover the opening 1011 .
  • the end cap body 1021 is in the shape of a rectangular plate; for a cylindrical battery cell 100 , the end cap body 1021 is in a disc shape.
  • the insulating connection of the electrode terminal 1022 to the end cap body 1021 can be implemented in two forms, for example, the part where the electrode terminal 1022 is connected to the end cap body 1021 is coated with an insulating layer, or the electrode terminal 1022 includes a conductive part and an insulator 1022C, and the insulator 1022C It is provided between the conductive part and the end cover body 1021 to play an insulating role.
  • the insulation of the positive and negative electrode terminals can be realized, and the reliability of the operation of the battery cell 100 can be improved.
  • the "electrical connection” here includes the cases of direct connection and indirect connection.
  • the electrode assembly 10 has a winding structure and includes: a main body 11 and a first tab set 12 and a second tab set 13 with opposite polarities, and at least one of the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 can be provided. .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is formed by winding a first pole piece 1 and a second pole piece 2 with opposite polarities.
  • the shape of the first pole piece 1 and the second pole piece 2 are basically the same, and may be a strip-shaped structure.
  • the first pole piece 1 includes a pole piece main body 11' and at least one first tab group 12, the first tab group 12 includes a plurality of first tabs 12' arranged in layers, and the plurality of first tabs 12' protrude
  • the pole piece main body 11'; the second pole piece 2 includes a pole piece main body 11' and at least one second tab group 13, and the second tab group 13 includes a plurality of second tabs 13' stacked, and a plurality of second tabs 13'
  • the dipole lugs 13' protrude from the pole piece main body 11', and the pole piece main bodies 11' of the first pole piece 1 and the second pole piece 2 are coated with different active materials.
  • the stacked arrangement means that multiple tabs in the same tab group are distributed along the same radial direction of the winding structure, that is, the projections of multiple tabs in the radial direction have overlapping areas, and the sides of multiple tabs along the winding direction Partial alignment or deviations are within the protection scope of the present application.
  • the first pole piece 1 and the second pole piece 2 are wound around the winding axis K so that the respective pole piece main body 11' forms the main body portion 11.
  • the main body 11 can be a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • the first pole piece 1 is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 2 is a negative pole piece
  • the first pole piece 1 is a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece 2 is a positive pole piece.
  • the center line of the electrode terminal 1022 is offset by a predetermined distance in the radial direction of the winding structure relative to the winding axis K.
  • the cross-section of the electrode terminal 1022 can be circular, elliptical, triangular, rectangular or other polygons, etc., regardless of the electrode Regardless of the shape of the terminal 1022, the center line of the electrode terminal 1022 is set away from the winding axis K in the radial direction of the winding structure.
  • the circumferential position of the electrode terminal 1022 on the end cap body 1021 can be determined according to the circumferential position where the first tab set 12 is drawn out.
  • the preset distance of the radial offset of the electrode terminals 1022 can be determined according to the radial position and size of the first tab set 12 and the cross-sectional size of the electrode terminals 1022 .
  • the electrode terminal 1022 is opposed to the first tab group 12 in the radial direction as a whole, so as to facilitate electrical connection, and increase the effective connection length of the electrode terminal 1022 and the first tab group 12 in the radial direction to improve the overcurrent capability;
  • the electrode terminal 1022 is aligned with the middle area of the first tab group 12 in the radial direction, and at the same time, the first tab 12 ′ in the radially inner and outer areas of the first tab group 12 can be reduced toward the middle.
  • the distance of conducting electrons increases the speed of electron transmission, thereby improving the conductivity.
  • the cross-sectional size of the electrode terminal 1022 needs to be considered comprehensively, so that the sidewall of the electrode terminal 1022 should not exceed the sidewall of the end cap body 1021 .
  • the first tab group 12 and the second tab group 13 are drawn out from the same end of the main body 11, only an electrical connection space needs to be reserved at one end of the electrode assembly 10, and the battery cell 100 is also omitted.
  • the electrode terminals 1022 are respectively arranged at both ends, which can effectively increase the overall energy density of the battery cell 100.
  • the capacity of the battery cell 100 is constant, the volume of the battery cell 100 can be reduced, so that the battery 200 can be used in the electric device. Easier layout.
  • this battery cell 100 is provided with only one electrode terminal 1022, the first tab set 12 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022, and the second tab set 13 is directly electrically connected to the end cover body 1021, which can simplify the installation of the battery cell 100. structure and assembly process. By omitting one electrode terminal, a larger space can be left on the end cover body 1021, and the centerline of the electrode terminal 1022 is offset by a preset distance in the radial direction of the winding structure relative to the winding axis K, which can further increase the size of the end cap.
  • the space on the side of the electrode terminal 1022 on the cover body 1021 is easy to arrange liquid injection holes and pressure relief structures on the end cover body 1021 on the one hand, and is also convenient for arranging temperature collection components, confluence pieces between battery cells 100 and various wires. Leave ample space; on the other hand, the position of the electrode terminal 1022 can be flexibly adjusted according to the position of the first tab group 12, which is also conducive to increasing the cross-sectional area of the electrode terminal 1022 to increase the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell 100 . When the area of the end cap body 1021 is small, this design has greater advantages.
  • first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the winding structure.
  • first tab group 12 and the second tab group 13 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the winding structure, the first tab group 12 and the second tab group 13 extend along a part of the winding structure's circumferential direction, therefore, In the first tab group 12, every two adjacent first tabs 12' are discretely arranged on the pole piece main body 11' along the winding direction, and in the second tab group 13, every two adjacent second tabs 13 ' are discretely arranged on the pole piece main body 11' along the winding direction.
  • the first tab group 12 is located on one side of the winding axis K as a whole.
  • the center line of the electrode terminal 1022 can be relative to the winding axis K. offset in the radial direction of the winding structure.
  • this kind of structure can make the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 spaced apart to avoid short circuit, and it is also possible to make the electrolyte infiltrate into the interior of the main body 11 through the spaced area, so that the battery cells 100 During the charging and discharging process, the electrolyte solution is fully reacted with the active materials on the first pole piece 1 and the second pole piece 2 .
  • the surface of the electrode terminal 1022 away from the electrode assembly 10 is provided with a first groove 1022 ′, the first groove 1022 ′ is recessed toward the direction close to the electrode assembly 10 , and the first groove A first welding portion W1 is formed between the bottom surface of 1022 ′ and the surface of the electrode terminal 1022 close to the electrode assembly 10 , and the first tab set 12 is welded to the first welding portion W1 .
  • the shape and size of the first groove 1022' can be set according to the welding area.
  • the first tab set 12 and the electrode terminal 1022 can be welded by laser.
  • the thickness of the first welding portion W1 should ensure that welding energy can penetrate, so as to achieve reliable fixing.
  • the thickness of the electrode terminal 1022 in the welding area is reduced, and after the end cover assembly 102 is installed in the housing 101, welding can be performed directly from the outside of the electrode terminal 1022 , simplifies the assembly process, and can improve the firmness of welding, so as to reliably realize the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 1022 and the first tab set 12 .
  • the surface of the end cap body 1021 away from the electrode assembly 10 is provided with a second groove 1021 ′, the second groove 1021 ′ is recessed toward the direction close to the electrode assembly 10 , and the second A second welding portion W2 is formed between the bottom surface of the groove 1021 ′ and the surface of the end cap body 1021 close to the electrode assembly 10 , and the second tab set 13 is welded to the second welding portion W2 .
  • the shape and size of the second groove 1021' can be set according to the welding area. If the second tab set 13 is directly electrically connected to the end cap body 1021, the circumferential extension of the second groove 1021' can be designed to be not less than the circumferential dimension of the second tab set 13, so as to increase the number of second tabs.
  • the effective connection length between the group 13 and the end cover body 1021 increases the flow capacity; because the second tab group 13 is connected with a plurality of second tabs 13' in the radial direction, the second groove 1021' is radially
  • the extension length of the second tab set 13 may be smaller than the radial dimension of the second tab set 13 to ensure the strength of the end cover body 1021 .
  • the second tab set 13 and the end cover body 1021 can be welded by laser.
  • the thickness of the second welding portion W2 should ensure that the welding energy can penetrate, so as to realize reliable fixing.
  • the second groove 1021' on the end cover body 1021 by providing the second groove 1021' on the end cover body 1021, the thickness of the end cover body 1021 in the welding area is reduced, and after the end cover assembly 102 is installed on the housing 101, the end cover body 1021 Welding on the outside simplifies the assembly process, and can improve the firmness of the welding, so as to reliably realize the electrical connection between the end cover body 1021 and the second tab set 13 .
  • the end cap body 1021 includes a main body plate 1021A and a protrusion 1021B, the protrusion 1021B is connected to the side of the main body plate 1021A close to the electrode assembly 10 , and the second groove 1021 ′ extends to Inside the protrusion 1021B.
  • the main body plate 1021A is partially thickened on the side close to the electrode assembly 10, so that the second welding part W2 is closer to the second tab group 13 in the direction of the winding axis K, which is convenient.
  • the second tab set 13 is directly single-connected to the end cover body 1021 without the adapter 103 , which simplifies the structure and reduces the lead-out length of the second tab set 13 .
  • the main body plate 1021A is partially thickened, by extending the second groove 1021' into the protrusion 1021B, the second welding portion W2 can also be maintained at an appropriate welding thickness to improve electrical connection reliability.
  • the battery cell 100 further includes: an adapter 103, the first tab set 12 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022 through the adapter 103, and/or the second tab set 13 is electrically connected through the adapter 103 It is electrically connected with the end cap body 1021 .
  • the electrical connection can be achieved by welding or riveting.
  • the first tab set 12 and/or the second tab set 13 can be welded to the adapter 103 first, and after the end cover assembly 102 is installed, the electrode terminals can be connected from the outside of the end cover assembly 102.
  • 1022 is electrically connected to the adapter 103 , and electrically connects the end cover body 1021 to the adapter 103 .
  • first tab set 12 can also be directly electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022
  • second tab set 13 can also be directly electrically connected to the end cap body 1021.
  • Whether the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 need to be provided with an adapter 103 can be determined according to connection requirements.
  • the requirements for the positional relationship between the first tab set 12 and the electrode terminal 1022, and the second tab set 13 and the end cap body 1021 can be reduced by providing the adapter 103, thereby reducing the electrical connection. process difficulty; moreover, because multiple tabs are relatively fluffy, it is easier to improve the connection reliability through the adapter 103 to increase the overcurrent capacity of the inner and outer ring tabs.
  • the transfer The welding trajectory of the piece 103 and the tab group can be controlled, which can improve the firmness of welding; in addition, it can also prevent damage to the tab or the main body 11 during electrical connection, for example, when welding is used, it can prevent welding energy from burning the pole. ear, deformation of the main body 11 or peeling of the coating layer on the main body 11, etc.
  • the adapter 103 includes: a first connecting portion 1031 and a second connecting portion 1032 connected to each other, the size of the first connecting portion 1031 in the radial direction is larger than that of the second connecting portion 1032 size.
  • the first connection part 1031 is electrically connected to the first tab set 12, and the second connection part 1032 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022; and/ Or for the adapter 103 connected between the second tab set 13 and the end cap body 1021 , the first connecting portion 1031 is electrically connected to the second tab set 13 , and the second connecting portion 1032 is connected to the end cap body 1021 .
  • the first connecting part 1031 can adopt a sheet structure and extend in a plane perpendicular to the winding axis K, which can increase the connection area with the first tab set 12 or the second tab set 13 to improve the connection. reliability.
  • One end of the second connection part 1032 can be connected to the first connection part 1031 , and the other end of the second connection part 1032 can be connected to the electrode terminal 1022 .
  • the electrical connection between the first tab group 12 and the electrode terminal 1022 through the adapter 103 can improve the reliability of power transmission, and the size of the first groove 1022' can be set according to the adapter 103. If the second tab set 13 is electrically connected to the end cap body 1021 through the adapter 103, the size of the second groove 1021' is designed according to the adapter 103.
  • the size of the first connecting portion 1031 in the radial direction is larger than the size of the second connecting portion 1032, so that the first connecting portion 1031 can cover more of the first tab set 12 or the second tab set 13 in the radial direction.
  • increase the connection length between the first connecting portion 1031 and the first tab group 12 or the second tab group 13 in the radial direction and improve the reliability of electrical connection.
  • the welding track can be made Through more tabs, the connection between the first connecting portion 1031 and each tab is stronger.
  • the second connecting portion 1032 can be adapted to the connection area of the electrode terminal 1022 or the end cap body 1021, thereby adapting to the smaller cross-sectional area of the electrode terminal 1022 and reducing the size of the end cap body 1021
  • the electrical connection area on the board to leave room for laying out other components.
  • the first tab set 12 is a negative tab set
  • the second tab set 13 is a positive tab set
  • the positive electrode current collector is made of aluminum foil
  • the negative electrode current collector is made of copper foil
  • the first tab set 12 is made of copper material
  • the second tab set 13 is made of aluminum material.
  • the end cover body 1021 In order to ensure the strength of the end cover body 1021 , it can be made of aluminum alloy material, so that the second tab set 13 made of aluminum can be directly welded to the end cover body 1021 .
  • the electrode terminal 1022 is a negative pole and is connected to the first tab group 12 made of copper.
  • a plurality of battery cells 100 are generally connected through aluminum busbars. Therefore, the electrode terminal 1022 is connected to the external circuit Parts are preferably made of aluminum material. However, the part where the electrode terminal 1022 is connected to the first copper tab set 12 needs to be made of copper material.
  • the electrode terminal 1022 can be designed as a composite electrode terminal, which includes a first terminal portion 1022A and a second terminal portion 1022B, where the first terminal portion 1022A and the second terminal portion 1022B are located along the winding axis K.
  • Directional connection for example, can be connected by means of friction welding, and the second terminal part 1022B is located between the first terminal part 1022A and the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the first terminal part 1022A is made of aluminum material, and is used to connect with the external circuit of the battery cell 100; the second terminal part 1022B is made of copper material, and is electrically connected with the first tab set 12 or the adapter 103, For example, methods such as welding can be used.
  • the first terminal part 1022A is coaxially connected to the second terminal part 1022B.
  • the first terminal part 1022A can adopt a columnar structure, as shown in FIG. 1022B is connected to the second connection part 1032 of the adapter 103; or, the second terminal part 1022B can also make a local area of the plate-like structure protrude toward the electrode assembly 10 to be able to be connected with the first tab group 12, so as to save The adapter 103 is provided.
  • the electrode terminal 1022 can also include an insulating member 1022C, which can be in a ring-shaped structure and sleeved between the first terminal part 1022A and the second terminal part 1022B. outside.
  • the polarity of the first tab group 12 and the second tab group 13 is set according to the materials usually used for the tabs, the end cap body 1021 and the electrode terminal 1022, which can simplify the The electrical connection process of the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 .
  • the first tab group 12 is a positive tab group
  • the second tab group 13 is a negative tab group.
  • the main body 11 has a plurality of pole piece layers 111 in the radial direction
  • the first tab group 12 includes a plurality of first tabs 12 ′ stacked, and the second tab set 12 ′.
  • the tab group 13 includes a plurality of second tabs 13' arranged in layers; in the radial direction, at least two adjacent first tabs 12' in the first tab group 12 are separated by more than one pole of the same polarity.
  • the sheet layer 111 , and/or at least two adjacent second tabs 13 ′ in the second tab group 13 are separated by more than one pole sheet layer 111 of the same polarity.
  • the pole piece main body 11' of the first pole piece 1 has a plurality of pole piece layers 111 along the radial direction of the main body part 11 after being wound
  • the pole piece main body 11' of the second pole piece 2 has a plurality of pole piece layers 111 along the radial direction of the main body part 11 after being wound.
  • the radial direction of 11 also has a plurality of pole piece layers 111, the pole piece layers 111 of the first pole piece 1 and the second pole piece 2 are arranged alternately along the radial direction, and all the pole piece layers 111 of the first pole piece 1 and the second pole piece All the pole piece layers of the dipole piece 2 jointly form the main body part 11 .
  • the first pole piece 1 leads out the first tab 12 ′ only in part of the pole piece layer 111 to form the first tab group 12
  • the second pole piece 2 only draws out the second tab 13 ′ in part of the pole piece layer 111 to form the first tab group 12 .
  • dipole ear group 13
  • This embodiment reduces the number of lugs drawn from the same pole piece in the electrode assembly 10, reduces the difficulty of die-cutting the lug process, and can also improve the dislocation of multiple lugs in the lug group after winding, and it is easy to control the dislocation amount
  • the effective connection between the tab group and the electrode terminal 1022 is increased; moreover, this structure can choose to set relatively sparse tabs in the winding inner ring area to reduce the difficulty of die-cutting the tabs.
  • the size and position accuracy of the tabs are improved; in addition, this way of drawing out the tabs can reduce the weight of the electrode assembly 10 , thereby reducing the weight of the battery cell 100 .
  • the above advantages can all improve the performance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the number of pole piece layers 111 spaced between every two adjacent first tabs 12 ′ in the first tab group 12 gradually decreases from the inside to the outside, and/or The number of pole sheet layers 111 spaced between every two adjacent second tabs 13 ′ in the second tab group 13 decreases gradually from inside to outside.
  • the arc-shaped solid line in the first tab group 12 indicates the first tab 12' drawn out, and the arc-shaped dashed line indicates the pole piece layer 111 that does not draw out the first tab 12'; in the second tab group 13
  • the arc-shaped solid line indicates the second tab 13 ′ drawn out, and the arc-shaped dashed line indicates the pole piece layer 111 without the second tab 13 ′ drawn out.
  • “from inside to outside” relative to the radial direction of the winding structure “gradually decreasing” includes decreasing with the law of arithmetic progression, for example, the interval between every two adjacent tabs of the same polarity from inside to outside
  • the number of pole piece layers 111 from inside to outside is: 4 layers, 3 layers, 2 layers, 1 layer, and the pole piece layers 111 in the innermost region are not all shown.
  • “decreasing gradually” also includes decreasing with any other regularity.
  • the spacing between every two adjacent first tabs 12 ′ in the first tab group 12 along the winding direction is the same, and/or every two adjacent second poles in the second tab group 13
  • the distance between the ears 13' along the winding direction is consistent.
  • the distance between two adjacent tabs near the inner layer is small, and the tabs are densely distributed. If each pole piece layer 111 leads out the pole Ears, the distance between adjacent tabs is small, the flow capacity of the radially inner area of the tab group has a surplus, and it causes great difficulty for the die-cutting process, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the die-cutting tabs, and it is also difficult Control the dislocation of multiple tabs in the tab group.
  • This tab lead-out method can make multiple tabs in the tab group radially intensified from the inside to the outside.
  • the inner and outer rings are balanced according to the distribution characteristics of the tabs from the inner layer to the outer layer.
  • the distance between two adjacent tabs makes the distribution of tabs in the inner layer more sparse, which effectively reduces the process difficulty of die-cutting tabs while ensuring the flow capacity, and improves the precision of die-cutting tabs.
  • the misalignment of multiple tabs in the tab group is controlled within a small range.
  • the weight of the electrode assembly 10 can be effectively reduced.
  • the free ends of multiple first tabs 12 ′ in each first tab set 12 are close together and connected to the adapter 103 ; and/or the free ends of multiple first tabs 12 ′ in each second tab set 13 The free ends of the second tabs 13 ′ are close together and connected to the adapter 103 .
  • the free ends of multiple tabs in the same tab group can be connected together first after they are close together, for example, by welding, and then the length section where multiple tabs are connected together is connected with the adapter 103, and finally The adapter piece 103 is bent to facilitate the connection of the electrode terminals 1022 . Since the distances between the plurality of tabs and the close position are different, in order to facilitate the connection of the plurality of tabs, the plurality of tabs may be set to have different lengths.
  • the number of pole piece layers 111 of the same polarity spaced between every two adjacent first tabs 12 ′ in the first tab group 12 is equal, and/or The number of same-polarity pole sheet layers 111 spaced between every two adjacent second pole tabs 13 ′ in the dipole tab group 13 is equal.
  • the arc-shaped solid line in the first tab group 12 indicates the first tab 12' drawn out, and the arc-shaped dotted line indicates the pole piece layer 111 from which the first tab 12' is not drawn out; in the second tab group 13
  • the arc-shaped solid line indicates the second tab 13 ′ drawn out, and the arc-shaped dashed line indicates the pole sheet layer 111 where the first tab 12 ′ is not drawn out.
  • the number of pole piece layers 111 spaced between every two adjacent tabs may be 1 layer, 2 layers, 3 layers or more.
  • This embodiment makes the plurality of tabs in the tab set evenly distributed in the radial direction, and it is easier to extract the electric energy provided by the multiple tabs in the tab set. For example, if the tab set passes through the adapter 103 and the electrode terminal For electrical connection, when welding is used, it is easier to control the welding track of the adapter 103 and the tab assembly, to ensure the electrical connection effect between the tab assembly and the adapter 103 , and to improve the reliability of the battery cell 100 .
  • the free ends of the plurality of first tabs 12' in each first tab group 12 are flattened to form the first bent portion 121, and each of the plurality of first tabs 12'
  • the first bent parts 121 of each are connected to the corresponding adapters 103; and/or the free ends of the plurality of first tabs 12' in each second tab set 12 are kneaded to form a second bend part 131 , and the second bent parts 131 of the plurality of first tabs 12 ′ are connected to the corresponding adapters 103 .
  • kneading is to apply external force to the tabs along the circumferential direction of the winding structure through the tooling, so that the tabs are bent and deformed, so that the two adjacent tabs in the radial direction are more compact, so that the tab group and the transfer are convenient.
  • 103 or the electrode terminal 1022 is connected.
  • a plurality of tabs in the tab group are evenly distributed in the radial direction, and multiple tabs can be made through the flattening process.
  • the tabs form a connection portion with the same length as a welding plane, and are connected to the adapter 103 through the respective connection portions of the plurality of tabs.
  • connection part is formed by kneading the free ends of a plurality of tabs in the tab set, and connected to the adapter 103 through a plurality of connection parts, which can increase the electrical connection between the adapter 103 and the tab set.
  • the radial length when welding is used for connection, makes it easy for the welding track to cover all the tabs in the tab set, thereby improving welding reliability and thus improving the performance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the innermost first tab 12 ′ is drawn from the n1th pole piece layer 111 of the same polarity from the innermost side, n 1 >1, that is, the innermost pole piece 1
  • the inner n 1 -1 pole piece layers have no first tab 12'; and/or the innermost second pole piece 13' is drawn from the n 2 pole piece layer 111 of the same polarity from the innermost, n 2 >1, that is, the innermost n 2 ⁇ 1 pole piece layers 111 of the second pole piece 2 have no second tab 13 ′.
  • This embodiment can increase the distance between the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 , so as to reduce the possibility of overlap between the two, and ensure the insulation effect between the tab sets of different polarities.
  • the housing 101 has a recessed portion 1012, the recessed portion 1012 is inwardly recessed relative to the outer wall of the housing 11 in the circumferential direction, and the housing 101 forms a bent portion 1013 at one end of the recessed portion 1012 close to the opening 1011 , the bending part 1013 has a housing cavity Q, and the outer end of the end cap body 1021 along the radial direction is inserted into the housing cavity Q.
  • the battery cell 100 also includes a sealing member 104, and the sealing member 104 is arranged between the bending part 1013 and the end cap body 1021 between.
  • the recessed portion 1012 may extend along the entire circumferential direction of the housing 101 , or a plurality of recessed portions 1012 may be arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the housing 101 .
  • the sealing member 104 can be a sealing ring, and the cross section of the sealing ring can be a C-shaped structure.
  • the sealing ring is sleeved on the outer end of the end cover body 1021 to insulate the end cover body 1021 from the housing 101 .
  • one end of the C-shaped structure close to the electrode assembly 10 may be provided with an extension, and the extension extends toward the electrode assembly 10 to insulate the concave portion 1012 from the internal structure of the battery cell 10 .
  • the sealing member 104 can be made of materials such as rubber.
  • the sealing member 104 is sleeved on the radially outer end of the end cover assembly 102 first, and the end cover assembly 102 is put into the housing 101 from the opening 1011, and the end cover assembly 102 abuts against Leaning against the recessed portion 1012 , the housing 101 is bent at the end of the recessed portion 1012 close to the opening 1011 to form a bent portion 1013 , and the bent portion 1013 is wrapped around the seal 104 .
  • the fixing between the end cover assembly 102 and the housing 101 is realized by means of upsetting, and the insulation between the end cover body 1021 and the housing 101 can be realized by setting the seal 104, so that the end cover body 1021 When used as an electrode terminal, the casing 101 can be de-charged, which improves the safety of the battery cell 100 in operation.
  • first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the winding axis K.
  • symmetric arrangement includes that the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 have the same shape, and their positions are symmetrical with respect to the winding axis K center.
  • the widths of the plurality of first tabs 12 ′ in the first tab group 12 along the winding direction gradually increase from inside to outside, so that the first tab group 12 has a fan-shaped structure; and/or the first tab group 12 has a fan-shaped structure;
  • the width of the plurality of second tabs 13 ′ in the dipole tab set 13 along the winding direction increases gradually from the inside to the outside, so that the second tab set 13 has a fan-shaped structure.
  • This structure makes the width of multiple tabs in the tab group gradually increase from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.
  • the width in the winding direction can increase the effective contact area when the tab group is connected to the electrode terminal 1022 , and can increase the overcurrent capability, thereby improving the performance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the widths of multiple first tabs 12 ′ in the first tab set 12 along the winding direction are equal; and/or the multiple second tabs 13 ′ in the second tab set 13 are along the winding direction. are equal in width.
  • the tab set is similar to a rectangular structure, except that the two radially opposite sides of the rectangular structure are arc-shaped.
  • the same side ends of multiple tabs in the tab group are aligned to increase the effective contact area when the tab group is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022 and improve the overcurrent capability.
  • the same side ends of multiple tabs in the tab set have positional deviations along the winding direction.
  • This structure makes the width of multiple tabs in the tab group equal, which can reduce the difficulty of die-cutting the tabs, easily ensure the size of the tabs, and ensure the alignment of multiple tabs during winding, thereby reducing the cost of preparing electrodes. Process difficulty of component 10.
  • This embodiment makes the first pole piece 1 and the second pole piece 2 have the same flow capacity, and it is beneficial to increase the circumferential size of the tab group, which can improve the flow capacity of the battery cell 100, and can improve the flow capacity of the first pole piece.
  • the spatial isolation effect of the ear set 12 and the second tab set 13 prevents short circuits.
  • the first tab set 12 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022 through an adapter 103
  • the second tab set 13 is electrically connected to the end cover body 1021 through another adapter 103
  • the first tab set 12 and The symmetrical arrangement of the second tab set 13 provides space for the arrangement of the two adapters 103 , which can prevent the short circuit caused by the two adapters 103 being too close in the circumferential direction.
  • the battery cell 100 includes a casing 101 , an end cap assembly 102 and an electrode assembly 10 .
  • the housing 101 has an opening 1011 , and the end cap assembly 102 is used to close the opening 1011 .
  • the end cap assembly 102 includes an end cap body 1021 and an electrode terminal 1022 insulatedly connected to the end cap body 1021 .
  • the end cap body 1021 is used to cover the opening 1011 .
  • the battery cell 100 may have a cylindrical shape.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is arranged in the housing 101, the electrode assembly 10 is a winding structure and includes: a main body 11, a first tab set 12 and a second tab set 13, the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 are opposite in polarity and connected to the same side of the main body 11 along the winding axis K of the winding structure.
  • the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the winding structure.
  • the first tab group 12 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022, and the center line of the electrode terminal 1022 is offset by a preset distance in the radial direction of the winding structure relative to the winding axis K, and the second tab group 13 is connected to the end cap
  • the body 1021 is electrically connected.
  • the electrode terminal 1022 can be designed as a composite electrode terminal, which includes a first terminal part 1022A, a second terminal part 1022B and an insulator 1022C.
  • the first terminal part 1022A and the second terminal part 1022B are connected along the direction of the winding axis K, and the second The terminal portion 1022B is located between the first terminal portion 1022A and the electrode assembly 10 , and the insulator 1022C is sheathed outside the first terminal portion 1022A and the second terminal portion 1022B.
  • the electrode terminal 1022 is a negative terminal
  • the first terminal part 1022A is made of aluminum material, and is used to connect with the external circuit of the battery cell 100
  • the second terminal part 1022B is made of copper material, and can be designed as a disc structure Since there is still a distance between the second terminal portion 1022B and the first tab set 12 , the second terminal portion 1022B and the first tab set 12 are electrically connected through the adapter 103 , for example, by means of welding.
  • the adapter 103 may include a first connection part 1031 and a second connection part 1032, the first connection part 1031 is electrically connected to the first tab set 12, and the second connection part 1032 is electrically connected to the second terminal part 1022B, in order to increase the transfer
  • the effective connection length between the connector 103 and the first tab set 12 , and the radial dimension of the first connecting portion 1031 is greater than that of the second connecting portion 1032 .
  • the first terminal part 1022A is provided with a through hole extending along the winding axis K to form a first groove 1022' on the surface of the electrode terminal 1022 away from the electrode assembly 10, and the part of the second terminal part 1022B corresponding to the through hole is used as The first welding portion W1 is welded to the second connecting portion 1032 .
  • the surface of the end cover body 1021 away from the electrode assembly 10 is provided with a second groove 1021 ′, the second groove 1021 ′ is recessed toward the direction close to the electrode assembly 10 , and the bottom surface of the second groove 1021 ′ is close to the electrode assembly 1021 .
  • a second welding portion W2 is formed between the surfaces of the component 10 , and the second tab group 13 is welded to the second welding portion W2 .
  • the end cap body 1021 includes a main body plate 1021A and a protrusion 1021B, the protrusion 1021B is connected to the side of the main body plate 1021A close to the electrode assembly 10, and the second groove 1021' extends into the protrusion 1021B.
  • the protruding part 1021B protrudes to abut against the second tab set 13, and directly welds the second welding part W2 to the second tab set 13 through the second groove 1021', without the need for an adapter 103.
  • the difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is that the middle area of the second terminal part 1022B protrudes toward the direction of the electrode assembly 10 as a whole, and protrudes to the same position as the second terminal part 1022B.
  • One tab set 12 abuts, so that it can be directly electrically connected to the first tab set 12 through the first welding portion W1 of the second terminal portion 1022B, and the adapter 103 is omitted.
  • the through hole of the first terminal part 1022A and the concave part of the second terminal part 1022B jointly form a first groove 1022', and the first welding part W1 and the first tab group 12 can be welded through the first groove 1022' .
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell 100.
  • the method includes:
  • S110, component providing step provide the casing 101, the end cap assembly 102 and the electrode assembly 10; wherein, the casing 101 has an opening 1011, and the end cap assembly 102 includes an end cap body 1021 and an electrode terminal insulatedly connected to the end cap body 1021 1022, the center line of the electrode terminal 1022 is offset by a predetermined distance in the radial direction of the winding structure relative to the winding axis K; the electrode assembly 10 is in a winding structure and includes: a main body 11, a first tab set 12 and a second The tab group 13, the first tab group 12 and the second tab group 13 have opposite polarities, and are connected to the same side of the main body 11 along the winding axis K of the winding structure;
  • the end cap installation step the end cap assembly 102 closes the opening 1011 , and the first tab set 12 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022 , and the second tab set 13 is electrically connected to the end cap body 1021 .
  • the first tab group 12 and the second tab group 13 are drawn out from the same end of the main body 11, only an electrical connection space needs to be reserved at one end of the electrode assembly 10, and the battery cell 100 is also omitted.
  • the electrode terminals 1022 are respectively arranged at both ends, which can effectively increase the overall energy density of the battery cell 100.
  • the capacity of the battery cell 100 is constant, the volume of the battery cell 100 can be reduced, so that the battery 200 can be used in the electric device. Easier layout.
  • this battery cell 100 is provided with only one electrode terminal 1022, the first tab set 12 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 1022, and the second tab set 13 is directly electrically connected to the end cover body 1021, which can simplify the installation of the battery cell 100.
  • structure and assembly process when the area of the end cap body 1021 is small, the problem of difficult layout of the electrode terminal 1022 and the liquid injection hole and the pressure relief structure on the end cap body 1021 is solved, and because the layout space of the electrode terminal 1022 is more abundant , the position of the electrode terminal 1022 can be flexibly adjusted according to the position of the first tab set 12 , and it is also beneficial to increase the cross-sectional area of the electrode terminal 1022 to increase the overcurrent capacity of the battery cell 100 .
  • the centerline of the electrode terminal 1022 is offset by a predetermined distance relative to the winding axis K in the radial direction of the winding structure, which can further leave sufficient space for other components disposed on the end cap body 1021 .
  • the present application proposes a manufacturing device 400 of a battery cell 100 .
  • the manufacturing device 400 includes: a component providing device 410 and an end cap installing device 420 .
  • the component providing device 410 is configured to provide the casing 101, the end cap assembly 102 and the electrode assembly 10; wherein the casing 101 has an opening 1011, and the end cap assembly 102 includes an end cap body 1021 and an electrode insulatedly connected to the end cap body 1021 Terminal 1022, the center line of the electrode terminal 1022 is offset by a preset distance in the radial direction of the winding structure relative to the winding axis K; the electrode assembly 10 is in a winding structure and includes: a main body 11, a first tab group 12 and a second Two tab sets 13 , the first tab set 12 and the second tab set 13 have opposite polarities, and are connected to the same side of the main body 11 along the winding axis K of the winding structure.
  • the end cap installation device 420 is configured to close the end cap assembly 102 to the opening 1011 , electrically connect the first tab set 12 to the electrode terminal 1022 , and electrically connect the second tab set 13 to the end cap body 1021 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体及其制造方法和装置、用电装置，其中，电池单体包括：壳体(101)，具有开口(1011)；端盖组件(102)，用于封闭开口(1011)，端盖组件(102)包括端盖本体(1021)和电极端子(1022)，电极端子(1022)绝缘连接于端盖本体(1021)；和电极组件(10)，设在壳体(101)内，电极组件(10)呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部(11)、第一极耳组(12)和第二极耳组(13)，第一极耳组(12)和第二极耳组(13)极性相反，且连接于主体部(11)沿卷绕轴线(K)的同一侧；第一极耳组(12)与电极端子(1022)电连接，且电极端子(1022)的中心线相对于卷绕轴线(K)在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，第二极耳组(13)与端盖本体(1021)电连接。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法和装置、用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法和装置、用电装置。
背景技术
随着由于锂离子等电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，在电动汽车上面已普遍应用。
但是，提高电动汽车中电池的工作性能，一直是业内的一个难题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提高电池的性能。
根据本申请的第一方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：
壳体，具有开口；
端盖组件，用于封闭开口，端盖组件包括端盖本体和电极端子，电极端子绝缘连接于端盖本体；和
电极组件，设在壳体内，电极组件呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部、第一极耳组和第二极耳组，第一极耳组和第二极耳组极性相反，且连接于主体部沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线的同一侧；
其中，第一极耳组与电极端子电连接，且电极端子的中心线相对于卷绕轴线在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，第二极耳组与端盖本体电连接。
该实施例将第一极耳组和第二极耳组从主体部的同一端引出，只需要在电极组件的一端预留电连接空间，也省去了在电池单体的两端分别设置电极端子，可有效提高电池单体的整体能量密度，在电池单体的容量一定的情况下，能够减小电池单体的体积，使电池在用电装置中更容易布局。
而且，电池单体只设置一个电极端子，第一极耳组与电极端子电连接，第二极耳组直接与端盖本体电连接，可简化电池单体的结构和装配工艺。通过省去一个电极端子，可在端盖本体上留出较大空间，电极端子的中心线相对于卷绕轴线在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，可进一步增大端盖本体上位于电极端子一侧的空间，一方面易于在端盖 本体上布局注液孔和泄压结构，也为布置温度采集部件、电池单体间的汇流件和各类导线留出充裕的空间；另一方面可根据第一极耳组的位置灵活调整电极端子的位置，也有利于增大电极端子的横截面积，以增加电池单体的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳组和第二极耳组沿卷绕结构的周向间隔设置。
该实施例中第一极耳组整体位于卷绕轴线的一侧，在将第一极耳组与电极端子电连接时，可使电极端子的中心线相对于卷绕轴线在卷绕结构的径向上偏移设置。而且，此种结构能够使第一极耳组和第二极耳组在空间上隔开以避免短路，还可能使电解液通过间隔区域浸润到主体部内部，以在电池单体充放电的过程中，使电解液与第一极片和第二极片上的活性物质充分发生反应。
在一些实施例中，电极端子远离电极组件的面设有第一凹槽，第一凹槽朝向靠近电极组件的方向凹入，第一凹槽底面与电极端子靠近电极组件的表面之间形成第一焊接部，第一极耳组与第一焊接部焊接。
该实施例通过在电极端子上设置第一凹槽，减薄了电极端子在焊接区域的厚度，能够在端盖组件安装于壳体之后，直接从电极端子外侧进行焊接，简化了装配工艺，而且能够提高焊接的牢固性，以可靠地实现电极端子与第一极耳组的电连接。
在一些实施例中，端盖本体远离电极组件的面上设有第二凹槽，第二凹槽朝向靠近电极组件的方向凹入，第二凹槽底面与端盖本体靠近电极组件的表面之间形成第二焊接部，第二极耳组与第二焊接部焊接。
该实施例通过在端盖本体上设置第二凹槽，减薄了端盖本体在焊接区域的厚度，能够在端盖组件安装于壳体之后，直接从端盖本体外侧进行焊接，简化了装配工艺，而且能够提高焊接的牢固性，以可靠地实现端盖本体与第二极耳组的电连接。
在一些实施例中，端盖本体包括主体板和凸出部，凸出部设在主体板靠近电极组件一侧，第二凹槽延伸至凸出部内。
该实施例通过设置凸出部，将主体板在靠近电极组件的一侧局部加厚，使第二焊接部在卷绕轴线所在方向上更靠近第二极耳组，便于将第二极耳组与端盖本体直接单连接而省去转接件，简化了结构，还能减小第二极耳组的引出长度。而且，在主体板局部加厚的情况下，通过使第二凹槽延伸至凸出部内，也能使第二焊接部保持在合适的焊接厚度，提高电连接可靠性。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括：转接件，第一极耳组通过转接件与电极端子电连接，和/或第二极耳组通过转接件与端盖本体电连接。
该实施例通过设置转接件，可降低对第一极耳组与电极端子、以及第二极耳组与 端盖本体之间的位置关系的要求，从而降低了电连接的工艺难度；而且，由于多个极耳较为蓬松，通过转接件更容易提高连接可靠性；另外，还可防止在电连接时对极耳或主体部造成损伤，例如在采用焊接时，可防止焊接热量使极耳或主体部发生变形，或主体部上的涂覆层发生脱落等。
在一些实施例中，转接件包括：相互连接的第一连接部和第二连接部，第一连接部沿径向的尺寸大于第二连接部的尺寸，第一连接部与第一极耳组或第二极耳组电连接，第二连接部与电极端子或端盖本体连接。
该实施例使第一连接部沿径向的尺寸大于第二连接部的尺寸，能够使第一连接部在径向上覆盖第一极耳组或第二极耳组中更多的极耳，增加第一连接部在径向上与第一极耳组或第二极耳组的连接长度，提高电连接可靠性，例如在采用焊接进行电连接时，可使焊接轨迹经过更多的极耳，使第一连接部与各极耳的连接更加牢固。而且，通过减小第二连接部的径向尺寸，可与电极端子或端盖本体的连接区域适配，从而适应端子较小的横截面积，并减小端盖本体上的电连接区域，以便为布局其它部件留出空间。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳组为负极极耳组，第二极耳组为正极极耳组。
该实施例根据极耳、端盖本体和电极端子通常采用的材料设置第一极耳组和第二极耳组的极性，能够在保证电池单体性能的基础上，简化第一极耳组和第二极耳组的电连接工艺。可选地，第一极耳组为正极极耳组，第二极耳组为负极极耳组。
在一些实施例中，主体部沿径向具有多个极片层，第一极耳组包括层叠设置的多个第一极耳，第二极耳组包括层叠设置的多个第二极耳；在径向上，第一极耳组中至少两个相邻的第一极耳之间间隔一个以上同极性的极片层，和/或第二极耳组中至少两个相邻的第二极耳之间间隔一个以上同极性的极片层。
该实施例减少了电极组件中同一极片上引出极耳的数量，降低了模切极耳工序的难度，还可改善卷绕后极耳组中多个极耳的错位，易于将错位量控制在较小的范围内，从而增加极耳组与电极端子的有效连接部分；而且，此种结构可选择在卷绕内圈区域设置较为稀疏的极耳，以降低模切极耳的难度，提高极耳的尺寸和位置精度；另外，此种极耳引出方式可减小电极组件的重量，从而减小电池单体的重量。上述优点均可提高电池单体的性能。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳组中每两个相邻第一极耳之间间隔的同极性的极片层数量相等，和/或第二极耳组中每两个相邻第二极耳之间间隔的同极性的极片层数量相等。
该实施例使极耳组中多个极耳沿径向分布均匀，更容易将极耳组中多个极耳的提供的电能引出，例如，若使极耳组通过转接件与电极端子电连接，在采用焊接时，更容 易控制转接件与极耳组的焊接轨迹，保证极耳组与转接件的电连接效果，提高电池单体工作的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳组中每两个相邻第一极耳之间间隔的极片层数量从内至外逐渐减少，和/或第二极耳组中每两个相邻第二极耳之间间隔的极片层数量从内至外逐渐减少。
该实施例考虑到极片从外层至内层卷绕周长逐渐减小，靠近内层的相邻两个极耳间距较小，极耳分布密集，如果每个极片层都引出极耳，相邻极耳之间的间距小，极耳组径向内侧区域的过流能力具有富余量，且为模切极耳工艺造成较大难度，难以保证模切极耳的精度，也难以控制极耳组中多个极耳的错位。
在一些实施例中，在径向上，位于最内侧的第一极耳从最内侧起第n 1个同极性的极片层引出，n 1>1；和/或位于最内侧的第二极耳从最内侧起第n 2个同极性的极片层引出，n 2>1。
该实施例能够使第一极耳组与第二极耳组之间的间距增大，以降低两者出现搭接的可能性，保证不同极性的极耳组之间的绝缘效果。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳组和第二极耳组相对于卷绕轴线对称设置。
该实施例使第一极片和第二极片具有相同的过流能力，且利于增加极耳组的周向尺寸，能够提升电池单体的过流能力，且能够提高第一极耳组和第二极耳组的空间隔离效果防止短路。而且，若第一极耳组通过一个转接件与电极端子电连接，第二极耳组通过另一个转接件与端盖本体电连接，第一极耳组和第二极耳组对称设置为两个转接件提供了布置空间，可防止两个转接件在周向上由于距离过近导致短路。
在一些实施例中，壳体具有凹入部，凹入部在周向上相对于壳体的外壁整体向内凹入，壳体在凹入部靠近开口的一端形成弯折部，弯折部具有容纳腔，端盖本体沿径向的外端嵌入容纳腔，电池单体还包括密封件，密封件设在弯折部与端盖本体之间。
该实施例采用镦封的方式实现端盖组件与壳体之间的固定，通过设置密封件，能实现端盖本体与壳体之间的绝缘，这样在将端盖本体作为电极端子的情况下，可使壳体不带电，提高了电池单体工作的安全性。
根据本申请的第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括：上述实施例所述的电池单体以及箱体，箱体用于容纳电池单体。
根据本申请的第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例的电池，电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
根据本申请的第四方面，提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
部件提供步骤：提供壳体、端盖组件和电极组件；其中，壳体具有开口，端盖组件包括端盖本体和绝缘连接于端盖本体上的电极端子，电极端子的中心线相对于卷绕轴线在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离；电极组件呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部、第一极耳组和第二极耳组，第一极耳组和第二极耳组极性相反，且连接于主体部沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线的同一侧；
端盖安装步骤：将端盖组件封闭开口，并将第一极耳组与电极端子电连接，且第二极耳组与端盖本体电连接。
根据本申请的第五方面，提供了一种电池单体的制造装置，包括：
部件提供设备，被配置为提供壳体、端盖组件和电极组件；其中，壳体具有开口，端盖组件包括端盖本体和绝缘连接于端盖本体上的电极端子，电极端子的中心线相对于卷绕轴线在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离；电极组件呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部、第一极耳组和第二极耳组，第一极耳组和第二极耳组极性相反，且连接于主体部沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线的同一侧；和
端盖安装设备，被配置为将端盖组件封闭开口，并将第一极耳组与电极端子电连接，且第二极耳组与端盖本体电连接。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请将电池安装于车辆的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本申请电池的一些实施例的分解图。
图3为本申请电池单体的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图4为本申请电池单体的一些实施例在纵截面内的剖视图。
图5为图4中电极组件的一些实施例在纵截面内的剖视图。
图6为图5所示电极组件的端部结构示意图。
图7为图4中电极组件的另一些实施例在纵截面内的剖视图。
图8为图7所示电极组件的端部结构示意图。
图9A为第一极耳组和第二极耳组采用扇形结构的示意图。
图9B为第一极耳组和第二极耳组采用等宽结构的示意图。
图10为本申请电池单体的另一些实施例在纵截面内的剖视图。
图11为本申请电极组件制造方法的一些实施例的流程示意图。
图12为本申请电极组件制造装置的一些实施例的模块组成示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
10、电极组件；11、主体部；111、极片层；12、第一极耳组；12’、第一极耳；121、第一弯折部；13、第二极耳组；13’、第二极耳；131、第二弯折部；1、第一极片；2、第二极片；3、隔膜；K、卷绕轴线；
100、电池单体；101、壳体；1011、开口；1012、凹入部；1013、弯折部；Q、容纳腔；102、端盖组件；1021、端盖本体；1021A、主体板；1021B、凸出部；1021’、第二凹槽；W2、第二焊接部；1022、电极端子；1022A、第一端子部；1022B、第二端子部；1022’、第一凹槽；W1、第一焊接部；103、转接件；1031、第一连接部；1032、第二连接部；104、密封件；
200、电池；201、箱体；201A、容纳部；201B、第一盖体；201C、第二盖体；
300、车辆；301、车桥；302、车轮；303、马达；304、控制器；
400、制造装置；410、部件提供设备；420、端盖安装设备。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连 接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一些实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本申请采用了“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、“前”、“后”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系的描述，这仅是为了便于描述本申请，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
目前的电池单体通常包括壳体和容纳于壳体内的电极组件，并在壳体内填充电解质。电极组件主要由极性相反的第一极片和第二极片层叠或卷绕形成，并且通常在第一极片与第二极片之间设有隔膜。第一极片和第二极片涂覆有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，第一极片和第二极片未涂覆活性物质的部分各自构成第一极耳和第二极耳。在锂离子电池中，第一极片可以为正极极片，包括正极集流体和设于正极集流体两侧的正极活性物质层，正极集流体的材料例如可以为铝，正极活性物质例如可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等；第二极片可以为负极极片，包括负极集流体和设于负极集流体两侧的负极活性物质层，负极集流体的材料例如可以为铜，负极活性物质例如可以为石墨或硅等。第一极耳和第二极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池单体的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接端子以形成电流回路。
目前的电池单体通常设有极性相反的第一电极端子和第二电极端子，用于接入用电回路进行供电，第一极耳与第一电极端子电连接，第二极耳与第二电极端子电连接。例如，对于圆柱形电池单体，由于电池单体端部面积较小，第二极耳与第二电极端子分别设在电池单体的两端，相应地，第一极耳和第二极耳分别从电极组件的两端引出。发 明人在实践中发现，每一端的极耳和电极端子都会占用一定空间用于电连接，需要在电池单体的高度方向消耗更多的空间，造成电池单体整体体积增大，且会影响电池单体的整体能量密度。
为了提升电池单体的能量密度，发明人想到将第一电极端子和第二电极端子设在电池单体的同一端上，相应地，将第一极耳和第二极耳从电极组件的同一端引出。但是，此种设置方式面临如下两方面的难题。
1、空间布局问题：在端盖同时设置两个电极端子会较为拥挤，还需考虑两个电极端子的绝缘问题，除此之外，端盖上还要设置注液孔、泄压结构，布置温度采集部件、电池单体间的汇流件和各类导线等，在端盖面积较小时难以进行空间布局。
2、绝缘问题：第一电极端子和第二电极端子设在电池单体的同一端需要可靠地进行绝缘，而且从电极组件的同一端引出的第一极耳和第二极耳在引出时也需考虑绝缘问题，以提高电池单体工作的可靠性。
基于上述问题的发现，本申请的发明人从提高电池单体能量密度，且改善端盖上空间布局的思路出发，对电池单体输出电能的方式进行了改进。
端盖组件包括端盖本体和电极端子，电极端子绝缘连接于端盖本体；电极组件呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部、第一极耳组和第二极耳组，第一极耳组和第二极耳组极性相反，且连接于主体部沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线的同一侧；使第一极耳组与电极端子电连接，且电极端子的中心线相对于卷绕轴线在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，第二极耳组与端盖本体电连接。此种电池单体可提升整体能量密度，并通过省去一个电极端子，简化了电池单体的结构和装配工艺，并在端盖本体上留出较大空间，为在端盖上布置各部件的布置留出充裕的空间。
本申请实施例的电池单体适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
如图1所示，用电装置可以是车辆300，例如新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；或者用电装置也可以是无人机或轮船等。具体地，车辆300可包括车桥301、连接于车桥301的车轮302、马达303、控制器304和电 池200，马达303用于驱动车桥301转动，控制器304用于控制马达303工作，电池200可以设置在车辆300的底部、头部或尾部，用于为马达303以及车辆中其它部件的工作提供电能。
如图2所示，电池200包括箱体201和电池单体100。在电池200中，电池单体100可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体100为多个，多个电池单体100之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体100中既有串联又有并联，可以是多个电池单体100先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体201内。也可以是所有电池单体100之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体100构成的整体容纳于箱体201内。
箱体201内部中空，用于容纳一个或多个电池单体100，根据所容纳电池单体100的形状、数量、组合方式以及其他要求，箱体201也可以具有不同形状的尺寸。例如，箱体201可包括：容纳部201A、第一盖体201B和第二盖体201C，容纳部201A相对的两端均具有开口，第一盖体201B和第二盖体201C分别用于封闭容纳部201A的两端开口，图2中根据多个电池单体100的排列方式，容纳部201A呈矩形筒状结构。
电池单体100例如可以为锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池或镁离子电池等。
在一些实施例中，如图3和图4所示，电池单体100包括壳体101、端盖组件102和电极组件10。壳体101具有开口1011；端盖组件102用于封闭开口1011，端盖组件102包括端盖本体1021和电极端子1022，电极端子1022绝缘连接于端盖本体1021。电极组件10设在壳体101内，电极组件10呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部11、第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13，第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13极性相反，且连接于主体部11沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线K的同一侧。其中，第一极耳组12与电极端子1022电连接，且电极端子1022的中心线相对于卷绕轴线K在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021电连接。
其中，壳体101为中空结构，用于容纳电极组件10，且壳体101具有开口1011，端盖本体1021用于盖合开口1011。对于长方体的电池单体100，端盖本体1021呈矩形板状结构；对于圆柱形的电池单体100，端盖本体1021呈圆盘状结构。
电极端子1022绝缘连接于端盖本体1021可采用两种实现形式，例如，电极端子1022与端盖本体1021连接的部位涂覆绝缘层，或者电极端子1022包括导电部分和绝缘件1022C，绝缘件1022C设在导电部分与端盖本体1021之间起到绝缘作用。由于第一极耳组12与电极端子1022电连接，第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021电连接，端盖本体1021充 当电极端子的作用，将电极端子1022与端盖本体1021绝缘连接，能够实现正负电极端子的绝缘，提高电池单体100工作的可靠性。此处的“电连接”包括直接连接和间接连接的情况。
电极组件10呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部11以及极性相反的第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13，第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13均可设置至少一个。
具体地，电极组件10由极性相反的第一极片1和第二极片2卷绕形成，第一极片1和第二极片2的形状基本相同，可以是长条形带状结构。第一极片1包括极片主体11’和至少一个第一极耳组12，第一极耳组12包括层叠设置的多个第一极耳12’，多个第一极耳12’凸出于极片主体11’；第二极片2包括极片主体11’和至少一个第二极耳组13，第二极耳组13包括层叠设置的多个第二极耳13’，多个第二极耳13’凸出于极片主体11’，第一极片1和第二极片2的极片主体11’上涂覆不同的活性物质。其中，层叠设置是指同一极耳组中的多个极耳沿卷绕结构的同一径向分布，即多个极耳在径向上的投影具有重叠区域，多个极耳沿卷绕方向的侧部对齐或存在偏差都在本申请保护的范围内。
第一极片1和第二极片2绕卷绕轴线K卷绕使各自的极片主体11’形成主体部11。主体部11可以为圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状。例如，第一极片1为正极片，第二极片2为负极片；或者第一极片1为负极片，第二极片2为正极片。
电极端子1022的中心线相对于卷绕轴线K在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，例如，电极端子1022的横截面可以为圆形、椭圆、三角形、矩形或其它多边形等，无论电极端子1022采用何种形状，电极端子1022的中心线均在卷绕结构的径向上偏离卷绕轴线K设置。
电极端子1022在端盖本体1021上的周向位置可根据第一极耳组12引出的周向位置确定。电极端子1022沿径向偏移的预设距离可根据第一极耳组12的径向位置和尺寸以及电极端子1022的横截面尺寸确定。具体地，电极端子1022整体与第一极耳组12在径向上相对，以方便进行电连接，并增加电极端子1022与第一极耳组12在径向上的有效连接长度，提高过流能力；在此基础上，电极端子1022与第一极耳组12沿径向的中间区域对正，可同时减小第一极耳组12中位于径向内外侧区域的第一极耳12’向中间传导电子的距离，提高电子传输速度，从而提高导电性能。在考虑导电性能的基础上，还需综合考虑电极端子1022的横截面尺寸，需要使电极端子1022的侧壁不超出端盖本体1021的侧壁。
该实施例将第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13从主体部11的同一端引出，只需要在电极组件10的一端预留电连接空间，也省去了在电池单体100的两端分别设置电极端子 1022，可有效提高电池单体100的整体能量密度，在电池单体100的容量一定的情况下，能够减小电池单体100的体积，使电池200在用电装置中更容易布局。
而且，此种电池单体100只设置一个电极端子1022，第一极耳组12与电极端子1022电连接，第二极耳组13直接与端盖本体1021电连接，可简化电池单体100的结构和装配工艺。通过省去一个电极端子，可在端盖本体1021上留出较大空间，电极端子1022的中心线相对于卷绕轴线K在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，可进一步增大端盖本体1021上位于电极端子1022一侧的空间，一方面易于在端盖本体1021上布局注液孔和泄压结构，也为布置温度采集部件、电池单体100间的汇流件和各类导线留出充裕的空间；另一方面可根据第一极耳组12的位置灵活调整电极端子1022的位置，也有利于增大电极端子1022的横截面积，以增加电池单体100的过流能力。对于端盖本体1021的面积较小时，此种设计具有更大的优势。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13沿卷绕结构的周向间隔设置。
由于第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13沿卷绕结构的周向间隔设置，使第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13沿卷绕结构的部分周向延伸，因此，第一极耳组12中每两个相邻第一极耳12’之间沿卷绕方向离散设置于极片主体11’，第二极耳组13中每两个相邻第二极耳13’之间沿卷绕方向离散设置于极片主体11’。
该实施例中第一极耳组12整体位于卷绕轴线K的一侧，在将第一极耳组12与电极端子1022电连接时，可使电极端子1022的中心线相对于卷绕轴线K在卷绕结构的径向上偏移设置。而且，此种结构能够使第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13在空间上隔开以避免短路，还可能使电解液通过间隔区域浸润到主体部11内部，以在电池单体100充放电的过程中，使电解液与第一极片1和第二极片2上的活性物质充分发生反应。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，电极端子1022远离电极组件10的面设有第一凹槽1022’，第一凹槽1022’朝向靠近电极组件10的方向凹入，第一凹槽1022’底面与电极端子1022靠近电极组件10的表面之间形成第一焊接部W1，第一极耳组12与第一焊接部W1焊接。
其中，第一凹槽1022’的形状和尺寸可根据焊接区域设置。例如，第一极耳组12与电极端子1022可采用激光焊接。第一焊接部W1的厚度要保证焊接能量可穿透，以实现可靠固定。
该实施例通过在电极端子1022上设置第一凹槽1022’，减薄了电极端子1022在焊接区域的厚度，能够在端盖组件102安装于壳体101之后，直接从电极端子1022外侧进行焊接，简化了装配工艺，而且能够提高焊接的牢固性，以可靠地实现电极端子1022与 第一极耳组12的电连接。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，端盖本体1021远离电极组件10的面上设有第二凹槽1021’，第二凹槽1021’朝向靠近电极组件10的方向凹入，第二凹槽1021’底面与端盖本体1021靠近电极组件10的表面之间形成第二焊接部W2，第二极耳组13与第二焊接部W2焊接。
其中，第二凹槽1021’的形状和尺寸可根据焊接区域设置。若第二极耳组13直接与端盖本体1021电连接，第二凹槽1021’沿周向的延伸长度可设计为不小于第二极耳组13的周向尺寸，以增加第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021之间的有效连接长度，增加过流能力；由于第二极耳组13沿径向的多个第二极耳13’连接在一起，第二凹槽1021’沿径的延伸长度可小于第二极耳组13的径向尺寸，以保证端盖本体1021的强度。
例如，第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021可采用激光焊接。第二焊接部W2的厚度要保证焊接能量可穿透，以实现可靠固定。
该实施例通过在端盖本体1021上设置第二凹槽1021’，减薄了端盖本体1021在焊接区域的厚度，能够在端盖组件102安装于壳体101之后，直接从端盖本体1021外侧进行焊接，简化了装配工艺，而且能够提高焊接的牢固性，以可靠地实现端盖本体1021与第二极耳组13的电连接。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，端盖本体1021包括主体板1021A和凸出部1021B，凸出部1021B连接在主体板1021A靠近电极组件10一侧，第二凹槽1021’延伸至凸出部1021B内。
该实施例通过设置凸出部1021B，将主体板1021A在靠近电极组件10的一侧局部加厚，使第二焊接部W2在卷绕轴线K所在方向上更靠近第二极耳组13，便于将第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021直接单连接而省去转接件103，简化了结构，还能减小第二极耳组13的引出长度。而且，在主体板1021A局部加厚的情况下，通过使第二凹槽1021’延伸至凸出部1021B内，也能使第二焊接部W2保持在合适的焊接厚度，提高电连接可靠性。
在一些实施例中，电池单体100还包括：转接件103，第一极耳组12通过转接件103与电极端子1022电连接，和/或第二极耳组13通过转接件103与端盖本体1021电连接。例如，可采用焊接或铆接的方式实现电连接。
例如，在采用焊接方式时，可先将第一极耳组12和/或第二极耳组13与转接件103焊接，在安装端盖组件102后，从端盖组件102外部将电极端子1022与转接件103电连接，并将端盖本体1021与转接件103电连接。
可选地，第一极耳组12也可与电极端子1022直接电连接，第二极耳组13也可与 端盖本体1021直接电连接。
第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13可根据连接需求确定是否需要设置转接件103。
该实施例通过设置转接件103，可降低对第一极耳组12与电极端子1022、以及第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021之间的位置关系的要求，从而降低了电连接的工艺难度；而且，由于多个极耳较为蓬松，通过转接件103更容易提高连接可靠性，以增加内外圈极耳的过流能力，例如，在采用焊接的方式进行电连接时，转接件103与极耳组的焊接轨迹可控制，可提高焊接的牢固性；另外，还可防止在电连接时对极耳或主体部11造成损伤，例如在采用焊接时，可防止焊接能量灼伤极耳、使主体部11发生变形或主体部11上的涂覆层发生脱落等。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，转接件103包括：相互连接的第一连接部1031和第二连接部1032，第一连接部1031沿径向的尺寸大于第二连接部1032的尺寸。
对于连接于第一极耳组12与电极端子1022之间的转接件103，第一连接部1031与第一极耳组12电连接，第二连接部1032与电极端子1022电连接；和/或对于连接于第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021之间的转接件103，第一连接部1031与第二极耳组13电连接，第二连接部1032与端盖本体1021连接。
例如，第一连接部1031可采用片状结构，并在垂直于卷绕轴线K的平面内延伸，可增大与第一极耳组12或第二极耳组13的连接面积，以提高连接可靠性。第二连接部1032的一端可连接于第一连接部1031，第二连接部1032的另一端与电极端子1022连接。
考虑到电极端子1022尺寸较小，第一极耳组12通过转接件103与电极端子1022电连接能够提高电能传输的可靠性，第一凹槽1022’的尺寸可根据转接件103设置。若第二极耳组13通过转接件103与端盖本体1021电连接，则第二凹槽1021’的尺寸根据转接件103设计。
该实施例使第一连接部1031沿径向的尺寸大于第二连接部1032的尺寸，能够使第一连接部1031在径向上覆盖第一极耳组12或第二极耳组13中更多的极耳，增加第一连接部1031在径向上与第一极耳组12或第二极耳组13的连接长度，提高电连接可靠性，例如在采用焊接进行电连接时，可使焊接轨迹经过更多的极耳，使第一连接部1031与各极耳的连接更加牢固。而且，通过减小第二连接部1032的径向尺寸，可与电极端子1022或端盖本体1021的连接区域适配，从而适应电极端子1022较小的横截面积，并减小端盖本体1021上的电连接区域，以便为布局其它部件留出空间。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳组12为负极极耳组，第二极耳组13为正极极耳组。
一般地，正极集流体采用铝箔制成，负极集流体采用铜箔制成，相应地，第一极 耳组12为铜材料，第二极耳组13为铝材料。
为了保证端盖本体1021的强度，可采用铝合金材料制成，这样就能将铝制的第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021直接焊接。
电极端子1022为负极且与铜制的第一极耳组12连接，为了降低重量和成本，多个电池单体100之间一般通过铝制汇流件连接，因此，电极端子1022与外电路连接的部分最好采用铝材料制成。但是，电极端子1022与铜制的第一极耳组12连接的部分还需采用铜材料制成。
为此，如图4所述，电极端子1022可以设计为复合电极端子，其包括第一端子部1022A和第二端子部1022B，第一端子部1022A和第二端子部1022B沿卷绕轴线K所在方向连接，例如可采用摩擦焊等方式连接，第二端子部1022B位于第一端子部1022A和电极组件10之间。第一端子部1022A采用铝材料制成，且用于与电池单体100的外部电路连接；第二端子部1022B采用铜材料制成，与第一极耳组12或转接件103电连接，例如可采用焊接等方式。
具体地，第一端子部1022A同轴连接于第二端子部1022B上，第一端子部1022A可采用柱状结构，如图4所示，第二端子部1022B可设计为平板状，第二端子部1022B与转接件103的第二连接部1032连接；或者，第二端子部1022B也可使板状结构的局部区域朝向电极组件10凸出至能够与第一极耳组12连接，以省去设置转接件103。
为了使电极端子1022的导电部分与端盖本体1021绝缘连接，电极端子1022还可包括绝缘件1022C，绝缘件1022C可呈环状结构，套设在第一端子部1022A和第二端子部1022B之外。
该实施例根据极耳、端盖本体1021和电极端子1022通常采用的材料设置第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13的极性，能够在保证电池单体100性能的基础上，简化第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13的电连接工艺。可选地，第一极耳组12为正极极耳组，第二极耳组13为负极极耳组。
在一些实施例中，如图5至图8所示，主体部11沿径向具有多个极片层111，第一极耳组12包括层叠设置的多个第一极耳12’，第二极耳组13包括层叠设置的多个第二极耳13’；在径向上，第一极耳组12中至少两个相邻的第一极耳12’之间间隔一个以上同极性的极片层111，和/或第二极耳组13中至少两个相邻的第二极耳13’之间间隔一个以上同极性的极片层111。
其中，第一极片1的极片主体11’在卷绕后沿主体部11的径向具有多个极片层111，第二极片2的极片主体11’在卷绕后沿主体部11的径向也具有多个极片层111，第一极片 1和第二极片2各自的极片层111沿径向交替设置，且第一极片1所有的极片层111和第二极片2所有的极片层共同组成主体部11。第一极片1仅在部分极片层111引出第一极耳12’以形成第一极耳组12，第二极片2仅在部分极片层111引出第二极耳13’以形成第二极耳组13。
该实施例减少了电极组件10中同一极片上引出极耳的数量，降低了模切极耳工序的难度，还可改善卷绕后极耳组中多个极耳的错位，易于将错位量控制在较小的范围内，从而增加极耳组与电极端子1022的有效连接部分；而且，此种结构可选择在卷绕内圈区域设置较为稀疏的极耳，以降低模切极耳的难度，提高极耳的尺寸和位置精度；另外，此种极耳引出方式可减小电极组件10的重量，从而减小电池单体100的重量。上述优点均可提高电池单体100的性能。
在一些实施例中，如图5和图6，第一极耳组12中每两个相邻第一极耳12’之间间隔的极片层111数量从内至外逐渐减少，和/或第二极耳组13中每两个相邻第二极耳13’之间间隔的极片层111数量从内至外逐渐减少。
图6第一极耳组12中弧形的实线表示引出的第一极耳12’，弧形的虚线表示未引出第一极耳12’的极片层111；第二极耳组13中弧形的实线表示引出的第二极耳13’，弧形的虚线表示未引出第二极耳13’的极片层111。“从内至外”相对于卷绕结构的径向而言，“逐渐减少”包括以等差数列的规律减少，例如，从内至外每两个相邻极耳之间间隔的同极性的极片层111数量从内至外依次为：4层、3层、2层、1层，最内侧区域的极片层111未全部示出。可选地，“逐渐减少”也包括以其它任何规律减少。
可选地，第一极耳组12中每两个相邻第一极耳12’之间沿卷绕方向的间距一致，和/或第二极耳组13中每两个相邻第二极耳13’之间沿卷绕方向的间距一致。此种结构在满足极耳组中多个极耳层叠设置的基础上，通过设计使极耳组中相邻极耳之间的间距保持一致，能够在减少极耳数量的同时降低模切工艺难度，只需采用同一尺寸的刀具进行模切，可提高电极组件10的生产效率。
该实施例考虑到极片从外层至内层卷绕周长逐渐减小，靠近内层的相邻两个极耳间距较小，极耳分布密集，如果每个极片层111都引出极耳，相邻极耳之间的间距小，极耳组径向内侧区域的过流能力具有富余量，且为模切极耳工艺造成较大难度，难以保证模切极耳的精度，也难以控制极耳组中多个极耳的错位。
此种极耳引出方式能够使极耳组中多个极耳沿径向从内至外逐渐加密，在减少极耳数量的基础上，根据极耳从内层至外层的分布特点平衡内外圈相邻两个极耳的间距，使内层极耳分布更稀疏，在保证过流能力的同时有效降低模切极耳的工艺难度，并提高 模切极耳的精度，在卷绕后容易将极耳组中多个极耳的错位量控制在较小范围内。此外，还可有效降低电极组件10的重量。
在一些实施例中，每个第一极耳组12中的多个第一极耳12’的自由端靠拢且连接于转接件103；和/或每个第二极耳组13中的多个第二极耳13’的自由端靠拢且连接于转接件103。
同一极耳组中的多个极耳的自由端靠拢后可以先连接在一起，例如通过焊接等方式连接，之后再将多个极耳连接在一起的长度段与转接件103连接，最后再将转接件103弯折以便于电极端子1022连接。由于多个极耳与靠拢位置的距离不同，因此为了便于使多个极耳连接，可以将多个极耳设置为不同的长度。对于极耳组中每两个相邻极耳之间间隔的极片层111数量从内至外逐渐减少的电极组件10，由于多个极耳在径向上分布不均匀，此种方式以更简单的工艺将多个极耳连接在一起，可在连接时降低对极耳端部定位精度的要求。此种极耳组与转接件103的连接方式能够省去极耳揉平工序，直接将同一极耳组中的多个极耳连接在一起再与转接件103连接，可简化电池单体100的装配工艺，并在连接极耳组与转接件103时降低对极耳端部定位精度的要求，从而提高电池单体100的生产效率。
在一些实施例中，如图7和图8，第一极耳组12中每两个相邻第一极耳12’之间间隔的同极性的极片层111数量相等，和/或第二极耳组13中每两个相邻第二极耳13’之间间隔的同极性的极片层111数量相等。
图8第一极耳组12中弧形的实线表示引出的第一极耳12’，弧形的虚线表示未引出第一极耳12’的极片层111；第二极耳组13中弧形的实线表示引出的第二极耳13’，弧形的虚线表示未引出第一极耳12’的极片层111。例如，每两个相邻极耳之间间隔的极片层111数量可以为1层、2层、3层或更多层。
该实施例使极耳组中多个极耳沿径向分布均匀，更容易将极耳组中多个极耳的提供的电能引出，例如，若使极耳组通过转接件103与电极端子电连接，在采用焊接时，更容易控制转接件103与极耳组的焊接轨迹，保证极耳组与转接件103的电连接效果，提高电池单体100工作的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，每个第一极耳组12中的多个第一极耳12’的自由端均通过揉平形成第一弯折部121，多个极耳第一极耳12’各自的第一弯折部121均连接于相应的转接件103；和/或每个第二极耳组12中的多个第一极耳12’的自由端均通过揉平形成第二弯折部131，多个极耳第一极耳12’各自的第二弯折部131均连接于相应的转接件103。
其中，揉平是通过工装沿卷绕结构的周向对极耳施加外力，使极耳发生弯折变形， 以使沿径向相邻两个极耳更紧凑，从而便于极耳组与转接件103或电极端子1022连接。
对于极耳组中每两个相邻极耳之间间隔的极片层111数量相等的电极组件10，极耳组中的多个极耳沿径向均匀分布，通过揉平工序可使多个极耳形成长度一致的连接部作为焊接平面，并通过多个极耳各自的连接部连接于转接件103。
该实施例通过将极耳组中多个极耳的自由端揉平后形成连接部，并通过多个连接部连接于转接件103，可增大转接件103与极耳组电连接的径向长度，在采用焊接进行连接时，易于使焊接轨迹覆盖极耳组中所有的极耳，提高焊接可靠性，从而提高电池单体100的性能。
在一些实施例中，在径向上，位于最内侧的第一极耳12’从最内侧起第n1个同极性的极片层111引出，n 1>1，即第一极片1的最内侧的n 1-1个极片层无第一极耳12’；和/或位于最内侧的第二极耳13’从最内侧起第n 2个同极性的极片层111引出，n 2>1，即第二极片2的最内侧的n 2-1个极片层111无第二极耳13’。
该实施例能够使第一极耳组12与第二极耳组13之间的间距增大，以降低两者出现搭接的可能性，保证不同极性的极耳组之间的绝缘效果。
在一些实施例中，壳体101具有凹入部1012，凹入部1012在周向上相对于壳体11的外壁整体向内凹入，壳体101在凹入部1012靠近开口1011的一端形成弯折部1013，弯折部1013具有容纳腔Q，端盖本体1021沿径向的外端嵌入容纳腔Q，电池单体100还包括密封件104，密封件104设在弯折部1013与端盖本体1021之间。
其中，凹入部1012可沿壳体101的整个周向延伸，或者在壳体101的周向上间隔设置多个凹入部1012。密封件104可采用密封圈，且密封圈的横截面可呈C形结构，密封圈套设在端盖本体1021的外端，以使得端盖本体1021与壳体101绝缘。可选地，C形结构靠近电极组件10的一端可设置延伸部，延伸部沿着朝向电极组件10的方向延伸，以将凹入部1012与电池单体10的内部结构绝缘。例如，密封件104可采用橡胶等材料。
其中，在固定端盖组件102时，先将密封件104套设在端盖组件102沿径向的外端，并将端盖组件102从开口1011放入壳体101内，端盖组件102抵靠在凹入部1012上，再将壳体101在凹入部1012靠近开口1011的一端进行弯折，以形成弯折部1013，弯折部1013包裹在密封件104之外。
该实施例采用镦封的方式实现端盖组件102与壳体101之间的固定，通过设置密封件104，能实现端盖本体1021与壳体101之间的绝缘，这样在将端盖本体1021作为电极端子的情况下，可使壳体101不带电，提高了电池单体100工作的安全性。
在一些实施例中，如图9A和9B所示，第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13相对于卷 绕轴线K对称设置。其中，“对称设置”包括第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13形状相同，且位置相对于卷绕轴线K中心对称。
如图9A所示，第一极耳组12中多个第一极耳12’沿卷绕方向的宽度从内至外逐渐增大，使第一极耳组12呈扇形结构；和/或第二极耳组13中多个第二极耳13’沿卷绕方向的宽度从内至外逐渐增大，使第二极耳组13呈扇形结构。此种结构使极耳组中多个极耳的宽度沿径向从内至外逐渐增大，可在每两个相邻极耳间距均匀分布的基础上，通过增加外层区域极耳沿卷绕方向的宽度，能够增加极耳组与电极端子1022连接时的有效接触面积，可增加过流能力，从而提高电池单体100的性能。
图9B所示，第一极耳组12中多个第一极耳12’沿卷绕方向的宽度相等；和/或第二极耳组13中多个第二极耳13’沿卷绕方向的宽度相等。
极耳组呈类似矩形的结构，只是该矩形结构沿径向相对的两个侧边为圆弧形。极耳组中多个极耳相同的侧端对齐，以提高极耳组与电极端子1022电连接时的有效接触面积，提高过流能力。可选地，极耳组中多个极耳相同的侧端沿卷绕方向存在位置偏差也在该方案的保护范围之内。此种结构使极耳组中多个极耳的宽度相等，能够降低模切极耳的难度，易于保证极耳的尺寸，在卷绕时易于保证多个极耳的对齐程度，从而降低制备电极组件10的工艺难度。
该实施例使第一极片1和第二极片2具有相同的过流能力，且利于增加极耳组的周向尺寸，能够提升电池单体100的过流能力，且能够提高第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13的空间隔离效果防止短路。而且，若第一极耳组12通过一个转接件103与电极端子1022电连接，第二极耳组13通过另一个转接件103与端盖本体1021电连接，第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13对称设置为两个转接件103提供了布置空间，可防止两个转接件103在周向上由于距离过近导致短路。
下面将给出电池单体100的两种具体的实施例。
在一些实施例中，如图4至图9B所示，电池单体100包括壳体101、端盖组件102和电极组件10。壳体101具有开口1011，端盖组件102用于封闭开口1011，端盖组件102包括端盖本体1021和绝缘连接于端盖本体1021的电极端子1022，端盖本体1021用于盖合开口1011。例如，电池单体100可呈圆柱形。
电极组件10设在壳体101内，电极组件10呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部11、第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13，第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13极性相反，且连接于主体部11沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线K的同一侧，第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13沿卷绕结构的周向间隔设置。其中，第一极耳组12与电极端子1022电连接，且电极端子1022的中心线相 对于卷绕轴线K在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021电连接。
电极端子1022可以设计为复合电极端子，其包括第一端子部1022A、第二端子部1022B和绝缘件1022C，第一端子部1022A和第二端子部1022B沿卷绕轴线K所在方向连接，第二端子部1022B位于第一端子部1022A和电极组件10之间，绝缘件1022C套设在第一端子部1022A和第二端子部1022B外。
例如，电极端子1022为负极端子，第一端子部1022A采用铝材料制成，且用于与电池单体100的外部电路连接；第二端子部1022B采用铜材料制成，可设计为盘状结构，由于第二端子部1022B与第一极耳组12之间仍有一段距离，将第二端子部1022B与第一极耳组12通过转接件103电连接，例如可采用焊接等方式。
转接件103可包括第一连接部1031和第二连接部1032，第一连接部1031与第一极耳组12电连接，第二连接部1032与第二端子部1022B电连接，为了增加转接件103与第一极耳组12的有效连接长度，第一连接部1031的径向尺寸大于第二连接部1032。第一端子部1022A上设置沿卷绕轴线K延伸的通孔，以在电极端子1022远离电极组件10的面形成第一凹槽1022’，并将第二端子部1022B与通孔对应的部分作为第一焊接部W1与第二连接部1032焊接。
端盖本体1021远离电极组件10的面上设有第二凹槽1021’，第二凹槽1021’朝向靠近电极组件10的方向凹入，第二凹槽1021’底面与端盖本体1021靠近电极组件10的表面之间形成第二焊接部W2，第二极耳组13与第二焊接部W2焊接。端盖本体1021包括主体板1021A和凸出部1021B，凸出部1021B连接在主体板1021A靠近电极组件10一侧，第二凹槽1021’延伸至凸出部1021B内。凸出部1021B凸出至与第二极耳组13抵接，通过第二凹槽1021’直接将第二焊接部W2与第二极耳组13焊接，无需设置转接件103。
图5至图9B关于电极组件10的结构已经在前面进行详细阐述，此处就不再赘述。
在另一些实施例中，如图10所示，与图4所示实施例的不同之处在于，第二端子部1022B的中间区域整体朝向电极组件10的方向凸出，并凸出至与第一极耳组12抵接，这样可直接通过第二端子部1022B的第一焊接部W1与第一极耳组12电连接，省去了设置转接件103。第一端子部1022A的通孔和第二端子部1022B的凹入部分共同形成第一凹槽1022’，可通过第一凹槽1022’对第一焊接部W1与第一极耳组12进行焊接。
其次，本申请提供了一种电池单体100的制造方法，在一些实施例中，如图11所示，制造方法包括：
S110、部件提供步骤：提供壳体101、端盖组件102和电极组件10；其中，壳体 101具有开口1011，端盖组件102包括端盖本体1021和绝缘连接于端盖本体1021上的电极端子1022，电极端子1022的中心线相对于卷绕轴线K在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离；电极组件10呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部11、第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13，第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13极性相反，且连接于主体部11沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线K的同一侧；
S120、端盖安装步骤：将端盖组件102封闭开口1011，并将第一极耳组12与电极端子1022电连接，且第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021电连接。
该实施例将第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13从主体部11的同一端引出，只需要在电极组件10的一端预留电连接空间，也省去了在电池单体100的两端分别设置电极端子1022，可有效提高电池单体100的整体能量密度，在电池单体100的容量一定的情况下，能够减小电池单体100的体积，使电池200在用电装置中更容易布局。
而且，此种电池单体100只设置一个电极端子1022，第一极耳组12与电极端子1022电连接，第二极耳组13直接与端盖本体1021电连接，可简化电池单体100的结构和装配工艺，在端盖本体1021的面积较小时，解决了电极端子1022和端盖本体1021上的注液孔、泄压结构等难于布局的问题，而且由于电极端子1022的布局空间较为充裕，可根据第一极耳组12的位置灵活调整电极端子1022的位置，也有利于增大电极端子1022的横截面积，以增加电池单体100的过流能力。此外，电极端子1022的中心线相对于卷绕轴线K在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，可进一步为在端盖本体1021上布置其它部件留出充裕的空间。
最后，本申请提出了一种电池单体100的制造装置400，在一些实施例中，如图12所示，制造装置400包括：部件提供设备410和端盖安装设备420。
部件提供设备410被配置为提供壳体101、端盖组件102和电极组件10；其中，壳体101具有开口1011，端盖组件102包括端盖本体1021和绝缘连接于端盖本体1021上的电极端子1022，电极端子1022的中心线相对于卷绕轴线K在卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离；电极组件10呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部11、第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13，第一极耳组12和第二极耳组13极性相反，且连接于主体部11沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线K的同一侧。
端盖安装设备420被配置为将端盖组件102封闭开口1011，并将第一极耳组12与电极端子1022电连接，且第二极耳组13与端盖本体1021电连接。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结 构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电池单体(100)，包括：
    壳体(101)，具有开口(1011)；
    端盖组件(102)，用于封闭所述开口(1011)，所述端盖组件(102)包括端盖本体(1021)和电极端子(1022)，所述电极端子(1022)绝缘连接于所述端盖本体(1021)；和
    电极组件(10)，设在所述壳体(101)内，所述电极组件(10)呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部(11)、第一极耳组(12)和第二极耳组(13)，所述第一极耳组(12)和所述第二极耳组(13)极性相反，且连接于所述主体部(11)沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线(K)的同一侧；
    其中，所述第一极耳组(12)与所述电极端子(1022)电连接，且所述电极端子(1022)的中心线相对于所述卷绕轴线(K)在所述卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离，所述第二极耳组(13)与所述端盖本体(1021)电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述第一极耳组(12)和所述第二极耳组(13)沿所述卷绕结构的周向间隔设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述电极端子(1022)远离所述电极组件(10)的面设有第一凹槽(1022’)，所述第一凹槽(1022’)朝向靠近所述电极组件(10)的方向凹入，所述第一凹槽(1022’)底面与所述电极端子(1022)靠近所述电极组件(10)的表面之间形成第一焊接部(W1)，所述第一极耳组(12)与所述第一焊接部(W1)焊接。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述端盖本体(1021)远离所述电极组件(10)的面上设有第二凹槽(1021’)，所述第二凹槽(1021’)朝向靠近所述电极组件(10)的方向凹入，所述第二凹槽(1021’)底面与所述端盖本体(1021)靠近所述电极组件(10)的表面之间形成第二焊接部(W2)，所述第二极耳组(13)与所述第二焊接部(W2)焊接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述端盖本体(1021)包括主体板(1021A)和凸出部(1021B)，所述凸出部(1021B)设在所述主体板(1021A)靠近所述电极组件(10)一侧，所述第二凹槽(1021’)延伸至所述凸出部(1021B)内。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5任一项所述的电池单体(100)，还包括：转接件(103)，所述第一极耳组(12)通过所述转接件(103)与所述电极端子(1022)电连接，和/或所述第 二极耳组(13)通过所述转接件(103)与所述端盖本体(1021)电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述转接件(103)包括：相互连接的第一连接部(1031)和第二连接部(1032)，所述第一连接部(1031)沿所述径向的尺寸大于所述第二连接部(1032)的尺寸；
    对于连接在所述第一极耳组(12)与所述电极端子(1022)之间的所述转接件(103)，所述第一连接部(1031)与所述第一极耳组(12)电连接，所述第二连接部(1032)与所述电极端子(1022)电连接；和/或
    对于连接在所述第一极耳组(12)与所述电极端子(1022)之间的所述转接件(103)，所述第一连接部(1031)与所述第二极耳组(13)电连接，所述第二连接部(1032)与所述端盖本体(1021)电连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述第一极耳组(12)为负极极耳组，所述第二极耳组(13)为正极极耳组。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述主体部(11)沿所述径向具有多个极片层(111)，所述第一极耳组(12)包括层叠设置的多个第一极耳(12’)，所述第二极耳组(13)包括层叠设置的多个第二极耳(13’)；在所述径向上，所述第一极耳组(12)中至少两个相邻的第一极耳(12’)之间间隔一个以上同极性的所述极片层(111)，和/或所述第二极耳组(13)中至少两个相邻的第二极耳(13’)之间间隔一个以上同极性的所述极片层(111)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述第一极耳组(12)中每两个相邻所述第一极耳(12’)之间间隔的同极性的所述极片层(111)数量相等，和/或所述第二极耳组(13)中每两个相邻所述第二极耳(13’)之间间隔的同极性的所述极片层(111)数量相等；
    所述第一极耳组(12)中每两个相邻所述第一极耳(12’)之间间隔的所述极片层(111)数量从内至外逐渐减少，和/或所述第二极耳组(13)中每两个相邻所述第二极耳(13’)之间间隔的所述极片层(111)数量从内至外逐渐减少。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的电池单体(100)，其中，在所述径向上，位于最内侧的所述第一极耳(12’)从最内侧起第n 1个同极性的所述极片层(111)引出，n 1>1；和/或位于最内侧的所述第二极耳(13’)从最内侧起第n 2个同极性的所述极片层(111)引出，n 2>1。
  12. 根据权利要求1～11任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述第一极耳组(12)和所述第二极耳组(13)相对于所述卷绕轴线(K)对称设置。
  13. 根据权利要求1～12任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述壳体(101)具有凹入部(1012)，所述凹入部(1012)在周向上相对于所述壳体(11)的外壁整体向内凹入，所述壳体(101)在所述凹入部(1012)靠近所述开口(1011)的一端形成弯折部(1013)，所述弯折部(1013)具有容纳腔(Q)，所述端盖本体(1021)沿径向的外端嵌入所述容纳腔(Q)，所述电池单体(100)还包括密封件(104)，所述密封件(104)设在所述弯折部(1013)与所述端盖本体(1021)之间。
  14. 一种电池(200)，包括：
    根据权利要求1～13任一项所述的电池单体(100)；以及
    箱体(201)，用于容纳所述电池单体(100)。
  15. 一种用电装置，包括权利要求14所述的电池(200)，所述电池(200)用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
  16. 一种电池单体(100)的制造方法，包括：
    部件提供步骤：提供壳体(101)、端盖组件(102)和电极组件(10)；其中，所述壳体(101)具有开口(1011)，所述端盖组件(102)包括端盖本体(1021)和绝缘连接于所述端盖本体(1021)上的电极端子(1022)，所述电极端子(1022)的中心线相对于所述卷绕轴线(K)在所述卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离；所述电极组件(10)呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部(11)、第一极耳组(12)和第二极耳组(13)，所述第一极耳组(12)和所述第二极耳组(13)极性相反，且连接于所述主体部(11)沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线(K)的同一侧；
    端盖安装步骤：将所述端盖组件(102)封闭所述开口(1011)，并将所述第一极耳组(12)与所述电极端子(1022)电连接，且所述第二极耳组(13)与所述端盖本体(1021)电连接。
  17. 一种电池单体(100)的制造装置(400)，包括：
    部件提供设备(410)，被配置为提供壳体(101)、端盖组件(102)和电极组件(10)；其中，所述壳体(101)具有开口(1011)，所述端盖组件(102)包括端盖本体(1021)和绝缘连接于所述端盖本体(1021)上的电极端子(1022)，所述电极端子(1022)的中心线相对于所述卷绕轴线(K)在所述卷绕结构的径向上偏移预设距离；所述电极组件(10)呈卷绕结构且包括：主体部(11)、第一极耳组(12)和第二极耳组(13)，所述第一极耳组(12)和所述第二极耳组(13)极性相反，且连接于所述主体部(11)沿卷绕结构的卷绕轴线(K)的同一侧；和
    端盖安装设备(420)，被配置为将所述端盖组件(102)封闭所述开口(1011)， 并将所述第一极耳组(12)与所述电极端子(1022)电连接，且所述第二极耳组(13)与所述端盖本体(1021)电连接。
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