WO2022170496A1 - 电极组件及电池单体、电池、装置、制备方法和制备装置 - Google Patents

电极组件及电池单体、电池、装置、制备方法和制备装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022170496A1
WO2022170496A1 PCT/CN2021/076296 CN2021076296W WO2022170496A1 WO 2022170496 A1 WO2022170496 A1 WO 2022170496A1 CN 2021076296 W CN2021076296 W CN 2021076296W WO 2022170496 A1 WO2022170496 A1 WO 2022170496A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
accommodating cavity
pole piece
tab
electrolyte
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PCT/CN2021/076296
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许虎
李星
金海族
牛少军
任苗苗
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202180058747.0A priority Critical patent/CN116114117A/zh
Priority to EP21916653.5A priority patent/EP4095965A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/076296 priority patent/WO2022170496A1/zh
Priority to US17/818,001 priority patent/US20220376371A1/en
Publication of WO2022170496A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170496A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to an electrode assembly and a battery cell, a battery, a device, a preparation method and a preparation device.
  • Lithium-ion and other batteries have the advantages of small size, high energy density, high power density, many cycles of use and long storage time, and are widely used in some electronic equipment, electric vehicles, electric toys and electric equipment.
  • lithium-ion batteries It is widely used in mobile phones, notebook computers, battery cars, electric vehicles, electric planes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy planes and power tools.
  • a conventional battery cell includes a case and an electrode assembly accommodated in the case, and an electrolyte solution is filled in the case. Because there is less space inside the casing to store the electrolyte, and the transmission rate of the electrolyte between the pole pieces is slow, the pole pieces cannot be fully infiltrated in a short time, which affects the performance of the battery.
  • the embodiments of the present application propose an electrode assembly, a battery cell, a battery, a device, a preparation method, and a preparation device, so as to improve the infiltration effect of the electrolyte in the electrode assembly.
  • an electrode assembly including:
  • At least two pole pieces including a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities, the first pole piece and the second pole piece are wound around the winding axis to form a multilayer structure, and the multilayer structure
  • the electrode assembly further includes at least one guide channel extending along a first direction, and the first direction is In a direction perpendicular to the winding axis, the guide channel is configured to guide the electrolytic solution in the accommodating cavity to be discharged to the outside.
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity can be discharged not only through the gap between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, but also through the guide channel.
  • the transmission path of the electrolyte inside the electrode assembly thereby improving the infiltration effect of the electrolyte in the electrode assembly.
  • the active material region of the first pole piece and the active material region of the second pole piece are wound to form a main body region, the main body region includes a plurality of active material parts arranged in layers, the The inactive material area of the first pole piece or the inactive material area of the second pole piece is wound to form a tab area, and the tab area includes a plurality of tab parts arranged in layers, and the accommodating cavity is wound along the roll.
  • a direction around the axis runs through the body region and the tab region.
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity can flow into the interior of the main body region through the end of the tab region.
  • the electrode assembly is a cylindrical structure, and the first direction is a radial direction of the cylindrical structure.
  • the diversion channel extends along the radial direction of the cylindrical structure, which can guide the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity to transmit to the outside in the radial direction, which provides a relatively fast channel for the transmission of the electrolyte and improves the efficiency of the electrolyte. Wetting effects in electrode assemblies.
  • the plurality of tab portions include a plurality of first tab portions that are continuously arranged, and each of the first tab portions is provided with at least one first opening penetrating through its thickness direction, The first openings of each of the first tab portions are configured to be oppositely arranged along the first direction to form the flow guiding channel.
  • the first openings are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction to form a guide channel.
  • the guide channel formed in this way is a continuous through channel, which can reduce the The short transmission length of the electrolyte solution can make the electrolyte solution flow into between the two adjacent first tab portions through the guide channel relatively quickly, so that the electrolyte solution flows into the interior of the main body region.
  • the outermost tab portion of the tab region is the first tab portion, and the outer end of the guide channel is in direct communication with the outer space of the electrode assembly.
  • a guide channel with the outer end directly communicating with the external space of the electrode assembly is formed, and the electrolyte in the external space of the electrode assembly can directly flow into the guide channel, which can The electrolyte solution is made to flow into between the two adjacent first tab portions through the guide channel relatively quickly, so that the electrolyte solution flows into the interior of the main body region.
  • the innermost tab portion of the tab region is the first tab portion, and the inner end of the guide channel is in direct communication with the accommodating cavity.
  • a diversion channel is formed with the inner end directly communicating with the accommodating cavity, and the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity can directly flow into the diversion channel, which can make the electrolyte flow faster.
  • the liquid flows between the two adjacent first tab portions through the guide channel, so that the electrolyte flows into the interior of the main body region.
  • the plurality of tab portions further include a plurality of second tab portions that are continuously arranged, the second tab portions are not provided with the first opening, and the plurality of second tab portions are not provided with the first opening.
  • the parts are located between the guide channel and the accommodating cavity, and the inner end of the guide channel is communicated with the accommodating cavity through the gap between two adjacent second pole lug parts.
  • the inner end of the guide channel is communicated with the accommodating cavity through the gap between the two adjacent second pole lugs, so that the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity can pass along the two adjacent second pole lugs.
  • the gap between the diode lugs flows into the guide channel; in addition, the second electrode lug part is located between the guide channel and the accommodating cavity, which is equivalent to the second electrode lug part is located inside the electrode assembly. Therefore, each turn The area of the second tab portion is relatively small. If the first opening is provided on the second tab, the strength of the second tab will be affected. By not providing the first opening on the second tab, the Ensure the strength of the second pole lug.
  • the pore diameters of the plurality of first openings are sequentially reduced or the same.
  • each circle of active material parts located on the outside of the electrode assembly is larger than that of each circle of active material parts located on the inside of the electrode assembly, the former requires a larger amount of electrolyte, which points from the outside of the electrode assembly to the inside.
  • the apertures of the plurality of first openings are arranged to decrease sequentially, the diversion channel located outside the electrode assembly is larger, and the active material part located outside the electrode assembly has a greater demand for electrolyte; The outside of the component points in the direction of the inside.
  • the accommodating cavity includes a first accommodating cavity located in the main body region and a second accommodating cavity located in the tab region, and along a direction perpendicular to the winding axis, the second accommodating cavity The size of the cavity is larger than the size of the first accommodating cavity.
  • the central axis of the receiving cavity coincides with the winding axis.
  • the accommodating cavity is also located at the center of the electrode assembly, so that the infiltration effect of the electrolyte from the center of the electrode assembly to the outside can be balanced.
  • a battery cell comprising: a casing, an end cap and the electrode assembly described in the first aspect above, wherein the casing is along the direction of the winding axis.
  • the end has an opening, the end cap is used to close the opening, and the electrode assembly is arranged in the casing.
  • the end cap is provided with a liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection hole is arranged opposite to the accommodating cavity along the direction of the winding axis, so that the electrolyte can enter all the liquid injection holes through the liquid injection hole. the accommodating chamber.
  • the electrolyte can directly flow into the accommodating cavity after being injected from the liquid injection hole, thereby improving the transmission speed of the electrolyte.
  • a battery comprising: the battery cell as described in the second aspect above.
  • an electrical device comprising the battery as described in the third aspect above, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • a method for preparing an electrode assembly including:
  • pole pieces including a first pole piece and a second pole piece of opposite polarity;
  • the first pole piece and the second pole piece are wound around the winding axis to form a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure has an accommodating cavity extending along the direction of the winding axis, and the accommodating cavity is used for containing electrolyte; after winding, at least one guide channel extending along a first direction is formed in the electrode assembly, and the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the winding axis, and the guide channel is It is configured to guide the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity to be discharged to the outside.
  • an apparatus for preparing an electrode assembly including:
  • a pole piece placement module for providing at least two pole pieces, including a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities
  • a winding module for winding the first pole piece and the second pole piece around a winding axis to form a multi-layer structure, the multi-layer structure having an accommodating cavity extending along the direction of the winding axis,
  • the accommodating cavity is used for accommodating the electrolyte; after winding, at least one guide channel extending along a first direction is formed in the electrode assembly, and the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the winding axis,
  • the guide channel is configured to guide the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity to be discharged to the outside.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application in the longitudinal section where the winding axis K is located;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section perpendicular to the winding axis of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application in the longitudinal section where the winding axis K is located;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section perpendicular to the winding axis of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section perpendicular to the winding axis of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section perpendicular to the winding axis of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of the electrode assembly of FIG. 10 perpendicular to the winding axis;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application in the longitudinal section where the winding axis K is located;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of a pole piece in an unfolded state in some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application;
  • Fig. 14 is the expanded state structural representation of a part of the pole piece in some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the application;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of the electrode assembly of FIG. 14 perpendicular to the winding axis;
  • 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of a pole piece in an unfolded state in some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of the electrode assembly of FIG. 16 perpendicular to the winding axis;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of a pole piece in an unfolded state in some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application;
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of the electrode assembly of FIG. 18 perpendicular to the winding axis;
  • 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section perpendicular to the winding axis of some embodiments of the electrode assembly of the present application;
  • 21 is an exploded view of some embodiments of the battery cells of the present application.
  • Figure 22 is an exploded view of some embodiments of the batteries of the present application.
  • 23 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of some embodiments of the vehicle of the application.
  • 24 is a schematic flowchart of some embodiments of the method for preparing an electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the apparatus for preparing electrode assemblies of the present application.
  • vehicle 400 motor 401, controller 402;
  • multiple refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple sheets” refers to two or more sheets (includes two pieces).
  • the batteries mentioned in the art can be divided into disposable batteries and rechargeable batteries according to whether they are rechargeable.
  • Primary batteries are commonly known as “disposable” batteries and primary batteries, because after their power is exhausted, they cannot be recharged and can only be discarded.
  • Rechargeable batteries are also called secondary batteries or secondary batteries and accumulators.
  • the material and process of rechargeable batteries are different from those of disposable batteries. The advantage is that they can be recycled many times after charging, and the output current load capacity of rechargeable batteries is higher than that of most disposable batteries.
  • Common types of rechargeable batteries are: lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of light weight, large capacity (1.5 times to 2 times the capacity of nickel-hydrogen batteries of the same weight), no memory effect, etc., and have a very low self-discharge rate, so even if the price is relatively high, it is still available. universal application. Lithium-ion batteries are also used in pure electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries used for this purpose have relatively low capacity, but have larger output, charging current, and some have longer life, but higher cost .
  • the batteries described in the embodiments of the present application refer to rechargeable batteries.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application may include battery modules or battery packs, and the like. Multiple battery cells can be connected together in series and/or in parallel via electrode terminals for various applications.
  • the application of batteries includes three levels: battery cells, battery modules and battery packs.
  • the battery module is formed by electrically connecting a certain number of battery cells together and putting them into a frame in order to protect the battery cells from external shock, heat, vibration, etc.
  • the battery pack is the final state of the battery system loaded into an electric vehicle.
  • Most of the current battery packs are made by assembling various control and protection systems such as a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS), thermal management components, etc. on one or more battery modules.
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • the layer of the battery module can be omitted, that is, the battery pack is directly formed from the battery cells. This improvement makes the weight energy density and volume energy density of the battery system increase while the number of components is significantly reduced.
  • the batteries referred to in this application include battery modules or battery packs.
  • a battery cell is a basic structural unit that constitutes a battery module and a battery pack, including a casing and an electrode assembly accommodated in the casing, and the casing is filled with an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is mainly formed of stacked positive and negative electrode pieces, and a separator is usually provided between the positive and negative electrode pieces.
  • the part of the positive electrode and the negative electrode with active material constitutes the main body area of the electrode assembly, and the part of the positive electrode or the negative electrode without active material constitutes the positive tab area and the negative tab area respectively.
  • the material of the positive electrode sheet can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) and ternary Materials, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganate (LiNiMnCoO 2 or NMC), etc.;
  • the material of the negative electrode can be copper, and the negative active material can be carbon or silicon, etc.; commonly used separator materials include polyethylene (PE) or Polypropylene (PP)-based polyolefin (Polyolefin) material.
  • the positive tab area and the negative tab area may be co-located at one end of the main body area or at both ends of the main body area, respectively.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft pack battery cells.
  • the positive electrode, separator and negative electrode are rolled or stacked to form an electrode assembly of a desired shape.
  • the stacked positive electrode, separator and negative electrode sheet in a cylindrical battery cell are wound into a cylindrical shaped electrode assembly, while the stacked positive electrode electrode, separator and negative electrode electrode sheet in a square battery cell
  • the electrode assembly is wound or stacked to have a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the electrolyte is the carrier of ion transport in the lithium ion battery. During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions are transported between the positive electrode and the negative electrode through the electrolyte. In order to ensure the performance of the lithium ion battery, the electrolyte needs to fully infiltrate the positive active material and the negative active material in the electrode assembly of the lithium ion battery for the initial injection and subsequent cyclic charge and discharge processes. If the transmission rate of the electrolyte in the electrode assembly is slow or the electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is insufficient, the active substances involved in the charge-discharge reaction may be reduced, which will affect the battery performance. Therefore, the sufficient infiltration of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material by the electrolyte is an important factor to ensure the high performance of the battery.
  • the reasons for the poor infiltration of the electrolyte in the electrode assembly are mainly as follows:
  • the electrolyte can usually only be transported from the gap between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and the electrolyte transmission rate is slow, so that the electrolyte cannot fully absorb the active material on the pole piece in a short time.
  • the insertion of lithium ions into the pole piece will cause the lattice parameter of the pole piece to change, causing the pole piece to expand, and expand and shrink with the frequency of charge and discharge.
  • the volume of the pole piece expands, the gap between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece becomes smaller, and the electrolyte is squeezed toward the outside of the electrode assembly.
  • the gap between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece is restored, and the electrolyte can flow back from the outside of the electrode assembly to between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the electrode assembly is like "breathing”, repeatedly “inhaling” and “spitting out” the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte is transported only by the gap between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, resulting in a very slow electrolyte transmission speed, which affects the performance of the battery.
  • the electrode assembly 100 includes: at least two pole pieces, including a first pole piece 110 and a second pole piece 120 with opposite polarities, The first pole piece 110 and the second pole piece 120 are wound around the winding axis K to form a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure has an accommodating cavity 140 extending along the direction of the winding axis K, and the accommodating cavity 140 is used for accommodating the electrolyte; wherein , the electrode assembly 100 further includes at least one guide channel 150 extending along the first direction X, the first direction X is a direction perpendicular to the winding axis K, the guide channel 150 is configured to guide the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 to the direction out.
  • the first pole piece 110 may be a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 120 may be a negative pole piece
  • the first pole piece 110 may be a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece may be a negative pole piece
  • 120 is a positive pole piece
  • the direction of the winding axis K can be parallel to the horizontal plane or perpendicular to the horizontal plane, depending on the arrangement of the battery cells.
  • FIG. 1 only shows the longitudinal section of the electrode assembly 100 where the winding axis K is located.
  • the battery cells to which the electrode assembly 100 is applied can be placed in the battery upright or lying down in the battery. When the battery cells are placed upright, the direction of the winding axis K is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; when the battery cells are placed horizontally, the direction of the winding axis K is parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the multi-layer structure may be a flat multi-layer structure or a cylindrical multi-layer structure, including multi-layer pole pieces.
  • Each layer of pole pieces refers to a circle of pole pieces around the winding axis K, and each circle of pole pieces is not connected end to end, but is connected to its adjacent two circles of pole pieces respectively.
  • the number of the guide channels 150 can be one or more, and a larger number of the guide channels 150 can increase the transmission path of the electrolyte inside the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the plurality of guide channels 150 may be symmetrically arranged relative to the center point of the accommodating cavity 140 in the plane in the direction perpendicular to the winding axis K in the plane, so that the electrolyte can flow from the electrode to the electrode.
  • the wetting effect from the center of the component 100 to the outside is relatively balanced.
  • the guide channel 150 may pass through all pole pieces, for example, pass through all pole pieces on one side of the winding axis K, or pass through all pole pieces on both sides of the winding axis K, and may also only pass through part of the pole pieces.
  • the guide channel 150 may be arranged at one or more places of the upper end, the middle part, and the lower end of the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the first direction X is a direction perpendicular to the winding axis K, including: a direction perpendicular to the winding axis K in the plane where the winding axis K is located, and the central axis of the guide channel 150 intersects the winding axis K at this time; and In the direction perpendicular to the winding axis K in other planes, the above other planes include a plane intersecting with the winding axis K and a plane parallel to the winding axis K. At this time, the central axis of the guide channel 150 is the same as the winding axis K. not intersect.
  • the discharge to the outside means that the electrolyte flows from the accommodating cavity 140 to the first pole piece 110 and the second pole piece 120 , thereby realizing the infiltration of the pole pieces.
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 can be discharged to the outside through the gap between the first pole piece 110 and the second pole piece 120, and can also be discharged through the guide
  • the flow channel 150 is discharged to the outside, which increases the transmission path of the electrolyte solution inside the electrode assembly 100 , thereby improving the infiltration effect of the electrolyte solution in the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the guide channel 150 also helps to discharge the gas generated inside the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the central axis of the accommodating cavity 140 coincides with the winding axis K.
  • the accommodating cavity 140 is also located at the center of the electrode assembly 100 , which can make the infiltration effect of the electrolyte from the center of the electrode assembly 100 to the outside more balanced. Those skilled in the art should understand that, due to processing errors, the central axis of the accommodating cavity 140 is allowed to not completely coincide with the winding axis K, and there is a small amount of offset.
  • the surface of the positive electrode is coated with a positive active material
  • the surface of the negative electrode is coated with a negative active material.
  • the area coated with active material on the positive pole piece is the positive active material area, the area not coated with active material on the positive pole piece is the positive inactive material area; the area coated with active material on the negative pole piece is the negative active material area,
  • the region on the negative electrode plate that is not coated with active material is the negative electrode inactive material region.
  • the active material region of the first pole piece 110 and the active material region of the second pole piece 120 are wound to form a main body region A, and the main body region A includes a plurality of stacked an active material part 131 .
  • the inactive material area of the first pole piece 110 or the inactive material area of the second pole piece 120 is wound to form a tab area B, the tab area B includes a plurality of tab portions 132 arranged in layers, and the accommodating cavity 140 is rolled along the The direction around the axis K runs through the body region A and the tab region B.
  • Each turn of the first pole piece 110 around the winding axis K in the main body region A or each turn of the second pole piece 120 around the winding axis K in the main body region A is an active material portion 131 .
  • Each turn of the first pole piece 110 around the winding axis K in the tab region B or each turn of the second pole piece 120 around the winding axis K in the tab region B is a pole tab portion 132 .
  • the positive electrode tab area and the negative electrode tab area may be located at one end of the main body area A or at both ends of the main body area A, respectively, and the accommodating cavity 140 runs through the main body area A and the tabs along the direction of the winding axis K
  • Area B refers to: when the positive electrode tab area and the negative electrode tab area are co-located at one end of the main body area A, the accommodating cavity 140 runs through the tab area B and the main body area A in sequence; At both ends of the main body region A, the accommodating cavity 140 penetrates the tab region B of the positive electrode, the main body region A and the tab region B of the negative electrode in sequence, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the electrode assembly arranged in this way, since the accommodating cavity 140 runs through the main body region A and the tab region B along the direction of the winding axis K, the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 can flow into the main body region A through the end of the tab region B. internal.
  • the electrode assembly 100 is a cylindrical structure, and the first direction X is the radial direction of the cylindrical structure.
  • the radial direction of a cylindrical structure refers to a linear direction along the diameter or radius of a circle within the cross-section of the cylindrical structure.
  • the radial direction of the cylindrical structure refers to the direction from the outside of the electrode assembly 100 to the center of the accommodating cavity 140 in the cross section of the cylindrical structure, or the direction from the accommodating cavity to the center of the accommodating cavity 140
  • the center of 140 points in a direction outside the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the diversion channel 150 extends along the radial direction of the cylindrical structure, which can guide the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 to be transmitted radially to the outside, providing a relatively fast channel for the transmission of the electrolyte, improving the electrolysis Wetting effect of liquid in the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the plurality of tab portions 132 includes a plurality of first tab portions 132 a that are continuously arranged, and each first tab portion 132 a is provided with a thickness along its own thickness direction.
  • the at least one first opening 133 passing through and the first openings 133 of each first tab portion 132a are configured to be oppositely arranged along the first direction X to form a flow guiding channel 150 .
  • the plurality of consecutively arranged first tab portions 132a means that each circle of the first tab portions 132a is adjacent to each other, for example, starting from the innermost side of the electrode assembly 100, from the nth circle to the n+th circle
  • the pole lugs of the i circles are all the first pole lugs 132a.
  • the number of the first openings 133 may be one or more.
  • the opposite arrangement of the first openings 133 of the respective first tab portions 132a along the first direction X means that in the first direction X, the projections of any two first openings 133 have overlapping portions, and thus can be formed in the first direction X.
  • the guide channel 150 passing through in the first direction X For example, the centers of all the first openings 133 are completely aligned, or the centers of some of the first openings 133 are staggered. When the centers of all the first openings 133 are designed to be completely aligned, due to processing errors, the positions of the first openings 133 in the electrode assembly 100 may be offset from each other, as long as any two
  • the projection of an opening 133 on the first direction X only needs to have an overlapping portion.
  • the first openings 133 are oppositely arranged along the first direction X to form the guide channel 150, and the guide channel 150 formed in this way is a continuous section of The through channel can shorten the transmission length of the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte can flow into between the two adjacent first tab portions 132a through the guide channel 150 quickly, so that the electrolyte can flow into the interior of the main body region A .
  • first tab portion 132a There are various arrangements of the first tab portion 132a, and the arrangement of the first tab portion 132a will be described below.
  • each circle of tab portions 132 in the electrode assembly 100 is a first tab portion 132a.
  • the outer end of the guide channel 150 is in direct communication with the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 , and the inner end of the guide channel 150 is directly connected with the accommodating cavity 140 .
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 and the electrolyte in the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 may flow directly between the two adjacent first tab portions 132 a through the guide channel 150 , and thus flow into the interior of the main body region.
  • the outermost tab portion of the tab region is the first tab portion 132 a , and the outer end of the guide channel 150 is in direct communication with the external space of the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the outermost tab portion of the tab region refers to the outermost circle of the tab portion.
  • the outer end of the guide channel 150 is the end of the guide channel 150 that is far away from the accommodating cavity 140 and close to the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 .
  • a guide channel 150 whose outer end is directly communicated with the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 is formed, and the electrolyte in the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 can directly flow into
  • the guide channel 150 can make the electrolyte flow into between the two adjacent first tab portions 132a through the guide channel 150 relatively quickly, so that the electrolyte can flow into the interior of the main body region.
  • first tab portions 132 a are included. Except for the outermost first tab portion 132 a in the tab region, a plurality of first tab portions 132 a adjacent to the outermost first tab portion 132 a are included. The tab portions are also first tab portions 132a, and first openings 133 are formed on the first tab portions 132a.
  • the plurality of tab portions further include a plurality of second tab portions 132b arranged in a row, the second tab portions 132b are not provided with the first opening 133, and the plurality of second tab portions 132b are located in the conductive Between the flow channel 150 and the accommodating cavity 140, the inner end of the flow guiding channel 150 communicates with the accommodating cavity 140 through the gap between the two adjacent second tab portions 132b.
  • the plurality of consecutively arranged second tab portions 132b means that each circle of the second tab portions 132b is adjacent to each other, for example, starting from the innermost side of the electrode assembly 100, the first circle to the mth circle
  • the tab portions are all second tab portions 132b.
  • the inner end of the guide channel 150 is an end of the guide channel 150 close to the accommodating cavity 140 and away from the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the accommodating cavity 140 is formed by the innermost second pole lug portion 132b, and has an opening, the opening communicates with the first gap, and the first gap is the innermost second pole lug portion 132b and the innermost layer.
  • the inner end of the guide channel 150 communicates with the accommodating cavity 140 through the gap between the two adjacent second pole lugs 132b, so that the inner end of the guide channel 150 communicates with the accommodating cavity 140 at least through the first gap.
  • the number of the second tab portions 132b is greater than two, the inner end of the guide channel 150 is sequentially communicated with the first gap through the gap between the two adjacent second tab portions 132b, and finally communicated with the accommodating cavity 140 .
  • the inner end of the guide channel 150 is communicated with the accommodating cavity 140 through the gap between the two adjacent second pole lugs 132b, so that the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 can be moved along the phase.
  • the gap between the two adjacent second tab portions 132b flows into the guide channel 150; in addition, the second tab portion 132b is located between the guide channel 150 and the accommodating cavity 140, and is equivalent to the second tab portion 132b It is located on the inner side of the electrode assembly 100, so the area of the second tab portion 132b in each circle is small. If the first opening 133 is provided on the second tab portion 132b, the strength of the second tab portion 132b will be affected. By not disposing the first opening 133 on the second tab portion 132b, the strength of the second tab portion 132b is ensured.
  • the infiltration channel of the electrolyte includes the following:
  • the electrolyte in the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 flows into between the two adjacent first electrode lugs 132a through the guide channel 150 directly communicated with it, thereby flowing into the interior of the main body area;
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 flows into the gap between the second pole lug part 132b of the innermost ring and the second pole lug part 132b adjacent to the second pole lug part 132b of the innermost ring, and flows through the gap in turn.
  • the gap between the two adjacent second tab portions 132b so as to flow into the interior of the main body area; this part of the electrolyte can also pass through the two adjacent second tab portions communicated with the inner end of the guide channel 150
  • the gap between 132b flows into the guide channel 150, and then flows into between the two adjacent first tab portions 132a, thereby flowing into the interior of the main body region;
  • the electrolyte at the ends of the tab region and/or the body region flows into between two adjacent pole pieces through the gap between the ends of the pole pieces, thereby flowing into the body region.
  • the innermost tab portion of the tab region is the first tab portion 132 a , and the inner end of the guide channel 150 is in direct communication with the accommodating cavity 140 .
  • the innermost tab portion of the tab region refers to the innermost circle of the tab portion.
  • a guide channel 150 whose inner end is directly communicated with the accommodating cavity 140 is formed, and the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 can directly flow into the guide channel 150, thereby enabling The electrolyte is made to flow into between the two adjacent first tab portions 132a through the guide channel 150 relatively quickly, so that the electrolyte flows into the interior of the main body region.
  • the plurality of tab portions further include a plurality of second tab portions 132b arranged continuously, and the second tab portions 132b are not provided with the first opening 133 , the plurality of second tab portions 132b are all located between the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 and the guide channel 150, and the outer end of the guide channel 150 is connected to the electrode through the gap between the adjacent two second tab portions 132b.
  • the external space of the assembly 100 communicates.
  • the infiltration channel of the electrolyte includes the following:
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 flows into between the two adjacent first tab portions 132a through the guide channel 150 directly communicated with it, thereby flowing into the interior of the main body area;
  • the electrolyte in the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 flows into the second gap, and the second gap is the second pole lug part 132b of the outermost ring and the second pole lug adjacent to the second pole lug part 132b of the outermost ring
  • This part of the electrolyte can also be communicated with the outer end of the guide channel 150 by passing through the gap between the two adjacent second pole tab parts 132b in turn, thereby flowing into the interior of the main body area;
  • the gap between the adjacent two second tab portions 132b flows into the guide channel 150, and then flows into the space between the two adjacent first tab portions 132a, thereby flowing into the interior of the main body region;
  • the electrolyte at the ends of the tab region and/or the body region flows into between two adjacent pole pieces through the gap between the ends of the pole pieces, thereby flowing into the body region.
  • the first tab portion 132a includes both the outermost tab portion and the innermost tab portion.
  • the guide channel includes a first guide channel 151 and a second guide channel 152 , the outer end of the first guide channel 151 is in direct communication with the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 , and the inner end of the second guide channel 152 is directly connected with the accommodating cavity 140 .
  • the electrolyte in the outer space of the electrode assembly 100 can flow into the interior of the main body region through the first guide channel 151 directly communicating with it, and the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 can also flow through the second guide channel 151 directly communicating with it.
  • the flow channel 152 flows into the interior of the body region.
  • the first tab portion may be arranged only on the tab portion at one end of the electrode assembly 100 , for example, only on the tab portion of the first pole piece 110 , in this case only on the tab portion of the first pole piece 110 .
  • a first opening 133 is formed on the tab portion 132 of a pole piece 110 to form a guide channel; please refer to FIG. 9 , or the first tab portion can be arranged only on the tab portion of the second pole piece 120 , in this case only A first opening 133 is formed on the tab portion 132 of the second pole piece 120 to form a flow guide channel.
  • the first openings 133 may be formed on the tabs 132 at both ends of the electrode assembly 100 , so as to form a conducting channel at both ends of the electrode assembly 100 , which is The transport of electrolyte inside the electrode assembly provides more channels.
  • the diameters of the plurality of first openings 133 are successively reduced, forming a direction perpendicular to the winding axis K shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the guide channel 150 is generally fan-shaped in cross section.
  • the shape of the first opening 133 may be a circle, an ellipse, a polygon (for example, a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, etc.), etc., which is suitable for ease of processing in practical applications.
  • the diameter of the first opening 133 refers to the length of the first opening 133 on the horizontal plane where the center point of the first opening 133 is when the electrode assembly 100 is placed upright, such as the diameter of a circle, the side length of a square, and the long side of a rectangle. side length, etc.
  • the outer ring of the wound electrode assembly 100 points in the direction of the inner ring, and the diameter of the first openings 133 provided on each ring of the tab portions 132 is larger than that of the ring of the tab portions 132 located on the outside thereof.
  • the diameter of the first opening 133 provided thereon is small.
  • the apertures may be the same or different.
  • each circle of active material parts located outside the electrode assembly 100 is larger than the area of each circle of active material parts located inside the electrode assembly 100 , the former requires a larger amount of electrolyte, which is caused by the In the direction from the outside to the inside, by arranging the apertures of the plurality of first openings 133 to decrease in turn, the diversion channel 150 located outside the electrode assembly 100 is made larger, so that the active material part outside the electrode assembly 100 is suitable for the electrolyte solution. greater demand.
  • the diameters of the plurality of first openings 133 are the same, forming the direction perpendicular to the winding axis K shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the guide channel 150 is generally rectangular in cross section. In this way, in the direction from the outside of the electrode assembly 100 to the inside, by arranging the apertures of the plurality of first openings 133 to be the same, only one size of the first openings 133 needs to be designed and processed, which reduces production. difficulty and production cost.
  • the accommodating cavity includes a first accommodating cavity 141 located in the main body region A and a second accommodating cavity 142 located in the tab region B, along the direction perpendicular to the winding axis K, the second accommodating cavity 141
  • the size of the accommodating cavity 142 is larger than that of the first accommodating cavity 141 .
  • the above-mentioned accommodating cavity can be formed by the following method: as shown in FIG. 13 , before winding the pole piece, a part of the pole lug is pre-cut, and the part of the pole lug that is die-cut is several turns of the pole lug located inside the electrode assembly 100 after winding. After winding the pole piece, a first accommodating cavity 141 is formed around the winding axis K in the main body region A, and a second accommodating cavity 142 is formed around the winding axis K in the tab region B.
  • the second accommodating cavity 142 includes a first part and a second part, wherein the first part corresponds to the position of the first accommodating cavity 141 in the direction of the winding axis K, and has the same aperture, and the second part is formed by die-cutting the tabs.
  • the second accommodating cavity 142 By arranging the second accommodating cavity 142 with a larger size in the tab region B where the diversion channel 150 is provided, more electrolyte can be stored in the second accommodating cavity 142, and the electrolyte can flow into the diversion from the second accommodating cavity 142
  • the channel 150 not only shortens the transmission path of the electrolyte, but also allows more electrolyte to flow into the diversion channel 150, which further improves the infiltration speed of the electrolyte. From the point of view of the processing technology, since the lengths of the several circles of the pole lugs 132 located on the inner side of the electrode assembly 100 are short in the direction around the winding axis K, the opening of the holes is relatively difficult. There is no need to make first openings on the inner circles of the pole lugs 132, which reduces the production difficulty and production cost.
  • the first openings 133 may not be formed on the plurality of tabs 132 inside the electrode assembly 100 to form the guide channels 150 shown in FIG. 15 . Since the first openings are not provided on the inner circles of the tab portions 132 , the production difficulty and cost are reduced, and the strength of the plurality of tab portions 132 inside the electrode assembly 100 is also ensured.
  • a first opening 133 with a larger diameter is formed on several inner pole lugs 132 to form the guide channel 150 shown in FIG. 17 .
  • a single pole lug portion 132 is provided with a first opening, but a first opening 133 with a larger diameter is jointly opened on several pole lugs 132 with a longer length in the direction around the winding axis K, which not only ensures that The better electrolyte infiltration effect reduces production difficulty and production cost.
  • first openings 133 with smaller diameters are formed on the inner tab portions 132
  • first openings 133 with larger diameters are formed on the outer tab portions 132
  • the hole 133 forms the guide channel 150 shown in FIG. 19 . Since the first openings 133 with smaller diameters are provided on each of the plurality of tabs 132 on the inner side of the electrode assembly 100, a better infiltration effect of the electrolyte is ensured, compared with the larger openings.
  • the first opening 133 of the aperture also reduces the production difficulty and production cost, and also ensures the strength of the several tab portions 132 inside the electrode assembly 100 .
  • irregular first openings 133 may also be formed on the tab portion 132, and the diameters of the first openings 133 and/or the distances between adjacent holes are randomly arranged, so that the guide holes 133 are arranged randomly.
  • the flow channel 150 presents an irregular shape similar to that shown in FIG. 20 , and the flow channels 150 are in tortuous conduction. This method can reduce production difficulty and production cost.
  • a second opening may also be opened in the main body region to form a second guide channel similar in structure, location and function to the guide channel in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the first opening can be formed only in the tab area
  • the second opening can be formed only in the main body area
  • the first opening can be formed in the tab area and the second opening can be formed in the main body area at the same time.
  • the battery cell 200 includes: a casing 211 , an end cap 212 and the electrode assembly 100 described in the above embodiments.
  • the casing 211 is wound along the The end in the direction of the axis K has an opening 211 a , the end cap 212 is used to close the opening 211 a , and the electrode assembly 100 is disposed in the casing 211 .
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity 140 can be discharged to the outside through the gap between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, It can also be discharged to the outside through the guide channel, which increases the transmission path of the electrolyte solution inside the electrode assembly 100 , thereby improving the infiltration effect of the electrolyte solution in the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the end cap 212 is provided with a liquid injection hole 213 , and the liquid injection hole 213 is disposed opposite to the accommodating cavity 140 along the direction of the winding axis, so that the electrolyte can enter the accommodating cavity 140 through the liquid injection hole 213 .
  • the placement of the liquid injection hole 213 and the accommodating cavity 140 opposite to the direction of the winding axis means that in the direction of the winding axis, the projection of the liquid injection hole 213 and the accommodating cavity 140 has an overlapping portion, and at least a part of the liquid injection hole 213 is in the direction of the winding axis.
  • the direction of the winding axis directly communicates with the accommodating cavity 140 .
  • the electrolyte can directly flow into the accommodating cavity 140 after being injected from the liquid injection hole 213 , thereby improving the transmission speed of the electrolyte.
  • the battery 300 includes the battery cell 200 described in the above embodiments.
  • the battery 300 generally further includes a case 301 , and the battery cells 200 are disposed in the case 301 .
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity can be discharged to the outside through the gap between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, and can also be discharged through the conduction channel.
  • the flow channel is discharged to the outside, which increases the transmission path of the electrolyte solution inside the electrode assembly, thereby improving the infiltration effect of the electrolyte solution in the electrode assembly.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide an electrical device, including the battery described in the above embodiments, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the battery of the electrical device by setting the guide channel in the electrode assembly as the transmission channel of the electrolyte, the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity can be discharged to the outside through the gap between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, and also It can be discharged to the outside through the guide channel, which increases the transmission path of the electrolyte solution inside the electrode assembly, thereby improving the infiltration effect of the electrolyte solution in the electrode assembly.
  • the electrical devices in the embodiments of the present application may be various electrical devices using batteries, for example, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, various vehicles (such as battery cars, electric vehicles, etc.), ships, and spacecraft , electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric aircraft toys, etc.
  • Power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembling power tools and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibration and electric planer.
  • the batteries described in the embodiments of the present application are not only applicable to the devices described above, but can also be applicable to all devices using batteries. For the sake of brevity, the following embodiments take a vehicle as an example for description.
  • FIG. 23 it is a simple schematic diagram of a vehicle 400 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the vehicle 400 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, or the like.
  • the battery 300 may be provided inside the vehicle 400 , for example, the battery 300 may be provided at the bottom or the front or rear of the vehicle 400 .
  • the battery 300 can be used to power the vehicle 400, for example, the battery 300 can be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 400.
  • the vehicle 400 may further include a controller 402 and a motor 401 .
  • the controller 402 is used to control the battery 300 to supply power to the motor 401 , for example, for starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle 400 for working power requirements.
  • the battery 300 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 400 , but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 400 to provide driving power for the vehicle 400 instead of or partially instead of fuel or natural gas.
  • the battery 300 referred to hereinafter may also be understood as a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells.
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity can be discharged to the outside through the gap between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, It can also be discharged to the outside through the guide channel, which increases the transmission path of the electrolyte solution inside the electrode assembly, thereby improving the infiltration effect of the electrolyte solution in the electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 24 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 500 for preparing an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 500 includes: a method of preparing an electrode assembly, including:
  • the structure has an accommodating cavity extending along the direction of the winding axis, and the accommodating cavity is used for accommodating the electrolyte; after winding, at least one guide channel extending along a first direction is formed in the electrode assembly, and the first direction is perpendicular to the winding Around the direction of the axis, the guide channel is configured to guide the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity to discharge outward.
  • the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity can be discharged to the outside through the gap between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, It can also be discharged to the outside through the guide channel, which increases the transmission path of the electrolyte solution inside the electrode assembly, thereby improving the infiltration effect of the electrolyte solution in the electrode assembly.
  • FIG. 25 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 600 for preparing an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an apparatus 600 according to some embodiments of the present application includes: a pole piece placement module 601 for providing at least two pole pieces, including a first pole piece and a second pole piece of opposite polarity; and a roll
  • the winding module 602 is used for winding the first pole piece and the second pole piece around the winding axis to form a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure has an accommodating cavity extending along the direction of the winding axis, and the accommodating cavity is used for accommodating the electrolyte;
  • at least one guide channel extending along a first direction is formed in the electrode assembly, the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the winding axis, and the guide channel is configured to guide the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity to be discharged to the outside .
  • the conducting channel is set as the transmission channel of the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity can pass through the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the gap of the electrode is discharged to the outside, and it can also be discharged to the outside through the guide channel, which increases the transmission path of the electrolyte inside the electrode assembly, thereby improving the infiltration effect of the electrolyte in the electrode assembly.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种电极组件及电池单体、电池、装置、制备方法和制备装置。该电极组件包括至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成多层结构，所述多层结构具有沿所述卷绕轴线的方向延伸的容纳腔，所述容纳腔用于容纳电解液；其中，所述电极组件还包括沿第一方向延伸的至少一个导流通道，所述第一方向为垂直于所述卷绕轴线的方向，所述导流通道被配置为引导所述容纳腔内的电解液向外排出。通过设置导流通道作为电解液的传输通道，使得容纳腔内的电解液既可以通过第一极片和第二极片中的间隙向外排出，还可以通过导流通道向外排出，从而改善电解液在电极组件中的浸润效果。

Description

电极组件及电池单体、电池、装置、制备方法和制备装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体涉及一种电极组件及电池单体、电池、装置、制备方法和制备装置。
背景技术
锂离子等电池具有体积小、能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多和存储时间长等优点，在一些电子设备、电动交通工具、电动玩具和电动设备上得到广泛应用，例如，锂离子在手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等得到广泛的应用。
随着电池技术的不断发展，对电池的性能提出了更高的要求。现有的电池单体包括壳体和容纳于壳体内的电极组件，并在壳体内填充电解液。因为，壳体内部能够储存电解液的空间较少，并且电解液在极片之间传输速率较慢，无法在短时间内对极片充分浸润，影响电池性能。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提出一种电极组件及电池单体、电池、装置、制备方法和制备装置，以改善电解液在电极组件中的浸润效果。
根据本申请实施例的第一方面，提供了一种电极组件，包括：
至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成多层结构，所述多层结构具有沿所述卷绕轴线的方向延伸的容纳腔，所述容纳腔用于容纳电解液；其中，所述电极组件还包括沿第一方向延伸的至少一个导流通道，所述第一方向为垂直于所述卷绕轴线的方向，所述导流通道被配置为引导所述容纳腔内的电解液向外排出。
通过设置导流通道作为电解液的传输通道，使得容纳腔内的电解液既可以通过第一极片和第二极片中的间隙向外排出，还可以通过导流通道向外排出，增加了电解液在电极组件内部的传输路径，从而改善电解液在电 极组件中的浸润效果。
在一些实施例中，所述第一极片的活性物质区和所述第二极片的活性物质区卷绕后形成主体区，所述主体区包括层叠设置的多个活性物质部，所述第一极片的非活性物质区或第二极片的非活性物质区卷绕后形成极耳区，所述极耳区包括层叠设置的多个极耳部，所述容纳腔沿所述卷绕轴线的方向贯穿所述主体区和所述极耳区。
以此方式设置的电极组件，由于容纳腔沿卷绕轴线的方向贯穿主体区和极耳区，使容纳腔内的电解液可以经由极耳区的端部流入主体区的内部。
在一些实施例中，所述电极组件为圆柱结构，所述第一方向为所述圆柱结构的径向方向。
在圆柱结构的电极组件中，导流通道沿圆柱结构的径向延伸，能够引导容纳腔内的电解液沿径向向外侧传输，为电解液的传输提供了较为快速的通道，改善电解液在电极组件中的浸润效果。
在一些实施例中，所述多个极耳部包括多个连续布置的第一极耳部，每个所述第一极耳部均设有沿自身厚度方向贯通的至少一个第一开孔，各个所述第一极耳部的所述第一开孔被配置为沿所述第一方向相对布置以形成所述导流通道。
通过在连续布置的第一极耳部上均设置第一开孔，第一开孔沿第一方向相对布置形成导流通道，这种方式形成的导流通道为一段连续贯通的通道，可以减短电解液的传输长度，能够使电解液较快的经由导流通道流入相邻的两个第一极耳部之间，以使得电解液流入主体区的内部。
在一些实施例中，所述极耳区最外侧的极耳部为所述第一极耳部，所述导流通道的外端与所述电极组件的外部空间直接连通。
通过在最外侧的第一极耳部上设置第一开孔，形成外端与电极组件的外部空间直接连通的导流通道，电极组件的外部空间内的电解液可直接流入导流通道，能够使电解液较快的经由导流通道流入相邻的两个第一极耳部之间，以使得电解液流入主体区的内部。
在一些实施例中，所述极耳区最内侧的极耳部为所述第一极耳部，所述导流通道的内端与所述容纳腔直接连通。
通过在最内侧的第一极耳部上设置第一开孔，形成内端与容纳腔直接 连通的导流通道，容纳腔内的电解液可直接流入导流通道，能够使电解液较快的经由导流通道流入相邻的两个第一极耳部之间，以使得电解液流入主体区的内部。
在一些实施例中，所述多个极耳部还包括多个连续布置的第二极耳部，所述第二极耳部未设置所述第一开孔，多个所述第二极耳部均位于所述导流通道和所述容纳腔之间，所述导流通道的内端通过相邻的两个第二极耳部之间的间隙与所述容纳腔连通。
以此方式设置的电极组件，导流通道的内端通过相邻的两个第二极耳部之间的间隙与容纳腔连通，能够使容纳腔内的电解液沿着相邻的两个第二极耳部之间的间隙流入导流通道内；再者，第二极耳部位于导流通道和容纳腔之间，相当于第二极耳部位于电极组件的内侧，因此，每一圈第二极耳部的面积均较小，若在第二极耳部上设置第一开孔将影响第二极耳部的强度，通过在第二极耳部上不设置第一开孔，从而保证第二极耳部的强度。
在一些实施例中，由所述电极组件的外部指向内部的方向，多个所述第一开孔的孔径依次减小或相同。
由于位于电极组件外侧的每一圈活性物质部的面积，比位于电极组件内侧的每一圈活性物质部的面积大，相应的前者对电解液的需求量较大，由电极组件的外部指向内部的方向，通过将多个第一开孔的孔径布置为依次减小，使得位于电极组件外侧的导流通道较大，满足位于电极组件外侧的活性物质部对电解液的较大需求；由电极组件的外部指向内部的方向，通过将多个第一开孔的孔径布置为相同，只需设计和加工一种尺寸的第一开孔，降低了生产难度和生产成本。在一些实施例中，所述容纳腔包括位于所述主体区的第一容纳腔和位于所述极耳区的第二容纳腔，沿垂直于所述卷绕轴线的方向，所述第二容纳腔的尺寸大于所述第一容纳腔的尺寸。
通过在设置有导流通道的极耳区设置尺寸较大的第二容纳腔，第二容纳腔内可储存较多的电解液，电解液可以从第二容纳腔流入导流通道，既缩短了电解液的传输路径，又能使较多的电解液流入导流通道，进一步提高了电解液的浸润速度。
在一些实施例中，所述容纳腔的中心轴线与所述卷绕轴线重合。
通过这种方式，由于卷绕轴线位于电极组件的中心位置，因此容纳腔也位于电极组件的中心位置，能够使电解液从电极组件的中心向外侧的浸润效果较为均衡。
根据本申请实施例的第二方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：壳体、端盖和上文中第一方面所描述的电极组件，所述壳体沿所述卷绕轴线的方向的端部具有开口，所述端盖用于封闭所述开口，所述电极组件设置于所述壳体内。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖设有注液孔，所述注液孔与所述容纳腔沿所述卷绕轴线的方向相对设置，以使得电解液可通过所述注液孔进入所述容纳腔。
通过将注液孔与容纳腔布置为沿卷绕轴线的方向相对设置，能够使电解液从注液孔注入后直接流入容纳腔，提高了电解液的传输速度。
根据本申请实施例的第三方面，提供了一种电池，包括：如上文中第二方面所描述的电池单体。
根据本申请实施例的第四方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括如上文中第三方面所描述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
根据本申请实施例的第五方面，提供了一种制备电极组件的方法，包括：
提供至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片；
将所述第一极片和所述第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成多层结构，所述多层结构具有沿所述卷绕轴线的方向延伸的容纳腔，所述容纳腔用于容纳电解液；卷绕后还在所述电极组件中形成有沿第一方向延伸的至少一个导流通道，所述第一方向为垂直于所述卷绕轴线的方向，所述导流通道被配置为引导所述容纳腔内的电解液向外排出。
根据本申请实施例的第六方面，提供了一种制备电极组件的装置，包括：
极片放置模块，用于提供至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片；
卷绕模块，用于将所述第一极片和所述第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成多层结构，所述多层结构具有沿所述卷绕轴线的方向延伸的容纳腔，所述 容纳腔用于容纳电解液；卷绕后还在所述电极组件中形成有沿第一方向延伸的至少一个导流通道，所述第一方向为垂直于所述卷绕轴线的方向，所述导流通道被配置为引导所述容纳腔内的电解液向外排出。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请电极组件的一些实施例在卷绕轴线K所在的纵截面的结构示意图；
图2为本申请电极组件的一些实施例在垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的结构示意图；
图3为本申请电极组件的一些实施例在卷绕轴线K所在的纵截面的结构示意图；
图4为本申请电极组件的一些实施例的立体结构示意图；
图5为本申请电极组件的一些实施例在垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的结构示意图；
图6为本申请电极组件的一些实施例在垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的结构示意图；
图7为本申请电极组件的一些实施例在垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的结构示意图；
图8为本申请电极组件的一些实施例的立体结构示意图；
图9为本申请电极组件的一些实施例的立体结构示意图；
图10为本申请电极组件的一些实施例的立体结构示意图；
图11为图10的电极组件垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的结构示意图；
图12为本申请电极组件的一些实施例在卷绕轴线K所在的纵截面的结构示意图；
图13为本申请电极组件的一些实施例中极片的一部分的展开状态结构示意图；
图14为本申请电极组件的一些实施例中极片的一部分的展开状态结 构示意图；
图15为图14的电极组件垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的结构示意图；
图16为本申请电极组件的一些实施例中极片的一部分的展开状态结构示意图；
图17为图16的电极组件垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的结构示意图；
图18为本申请电极组件的一些实施例中极片的一部分的展开状态结构示意图；
图19为图18的电极组件垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的结构示意图；
图20为本申请电极组件的一些实施例在垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的结构示意图；
图21为本申请电池单体的一些实施例的分解图；
图22为本申请电池的一些实施例的分解图；
图23为本申请车辆的一些实施例的外形示意图；
图24为本申请制备电极组件的方法的一些实施例的流程示意图；
图25为本申请制备电极组件的装置的一些实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
电极组件100，第一极片110，第二极片120，活性物质部131，极耳部132，第一极耳部132a，第二极耳部132b，第一开孔133，容纳腔140，第一容纳腔141，第二容纳腔142，导流通道150，第一导流通道151，第二导流通道152，隔膜160；
电池单体200，外壳210，壳体211，开口211a，端盖212，注液孔213；
电池300，箱体301；
车辆400，马达401，控制器402；
制备电极组件的装置600，极片放置模块601，卷绕模块602。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。 基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本领域中所提到的电池按是否可充电可以分为一次性电池和可充电电池。一次性电池(Primary Battery)俗称“用完即弃”电池及原电池，因为它们的电量耗尽后，无法再充电使用，只能丢弃。可充电电池又称二次电池(Secondary Battery)或二级电池、蓄电池。可充电电池的制作材料和工艺与一次性电池不同，其优点是在充电后可多次循环使用，可充电电池的输出电流负荷力要比大部分一次性电池高。目前常见的可充电电池的类型有：铅酸电池、镍氢电池和锂离子电池。锂离子电池具有重量轻、容量大(容量是同重量的镍氢电池的1.5倍～2倍)、无记忆效应等优点，且具有很低的自放电率，因而即使价格相对较高，仍然得到了普遍应用。锂离子电池也用于纯电动车及混合动力车，用于这种用途的锂离子电池容量相对略低， 但有较大的输出、充电电流，也有的有较长的寿命，但成本较高。
本申请实施例中所描述的电池是指可充电电池。下文中将主要以锂离子电池为例来描述本申请的构思。应当理解的是，其他任意适当类型的可充电电池都是适用的。本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。多个电池单体可经由电极端子而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。在一些诸如电动汽车等的大功率应用场合，电池的应用包括三个层次：电池单体、电池模块和电池包。电池模块是为了从外部冲击、热、振动等中保护电池单体，将一定数目的电池单体电连接在一起并放入一个框架中而形成的。电池包则是装入电动汽车的电池系统的最终状态。目前的大部分电池包是在一个或多个电池模块上装配电池管理系统(Battery Management System，BMS)、热管理部件等各种控制和保护系统而制成的。随着技术的发展，电池模块这个层次可以被省略，也即，直接由电池单体形成电池包。这一改进使得电池系统的重量能量密度、体积能量密度得到提升的同时零部件数量显著下降。本申请中所提到的电池包括电池模块或电池包。
电池单体是组成电池模块和电池包的基本结构单元，包括壳体和容纳于壳体内的电极组件，并在壳体内填充电解液。电极组件主要由叠置的正极极片和负极极片形成，并且通常在正极极片与负极极片之间设有隔膜。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体区，正极极片或负极极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成正极极耳区和负极极耳区。正极极片的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂(LiCoO 2)、锰酸锂(LiMn 2O 4)、镍酸锂(LiNiO 2)、磷酸铁锂(LiFePO 4)以及三元材料，例如镍钴锰酸锂((LiNiMnCoO 2或NMC))等；负极极片的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等；常用的隔膜材料包括聚乙烯(polyethylene，PE)或聚丙烯(polypropylene，PP)为主的聚烯烃(Polyolefin)类材料。正极极耳区和负极极耳区可以共同位于主体区的一端或是分别位于主体区的两端。
电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体。正极极片、隔膜和负极极片通过卷绕或者叠置的方式制 成所需形状的电极组件。例如，柱形电池单体中的叠置的正极极片、隔膜和负极极片被卷绕成柱形形状的电极组件，而方形电池单体中叠置的正极极片、隔膜和负极极片被卷绕或者叠置成具有大致长方体形状的电极组件。
电解液是锂离子电池中离子传输的载体，在充放电过程中，通过电解液在正极极片和负极极片之间传输锂离子。为了保证锂离子电池的性能，对于初次注液以及后续的循环充放电过程，电解液均需要充分浸润锂离子电池的电极组件中的正极活性物质和负极活性物质。若电解液在电极组件中的传输速率较慢或正极极片和负极极片之间的电解液不足，将可能导致参与到充放电反应中的活性物质减少，影响电池性能。因此，电解液对正极活性物质和负极活性物质的充分浸润，是确保电池高性能的重要因素。
发明人在研发过程中发现，经过卷绕后的电极组件，电解液对极片上的活性物质浸润效果较差，特别地，对于一些尺寸较长的电极组件，浸润效果较差的问题更为突出。经过进一步研究，发明人发现电极组件中电解液浸润较差的原因主要在于：
(1)壳体中的大部分空间被电极组件和其他机械件占据，剩余的可用于储存电解液的空间较小，由此导致注液后壳体内储存的电解液的量较少；
(2)在电极组件内部，电解液通常只能从正极极片和负极极片之间的间隙中传输，电解液传输速率较慢，导致电解液不能在短时间内对极片上的活性物质充分浸润，进而影响电池的性能；特别是在充放电过程中，锂离子嵌入极片将导致极片晶格参数变化，引起极片膨胀，并伴随充放电的频率进行膨胀和收缩。随着极片的体积膨胀，正极极片和负极极片之间的间隙变小，将电解液朝电极组件的外部挤压。随着极片的体积收缩，正极极片和负极极片之间的间隙恢复，电解液可以从电极组件外部回流至正极极片和负极极片之间。在充放电过程中，电极组件如同“呼吸”一般，反复的“吸入”和“吐出”电解液。在这一过程中，由于壳体内没有类似注液时的负压环境，仅依靠正极极片和负极极片之间的间隙传输电解液，导致电解液传输速度很慢，影响电池的性能。
有鉴于此，本申请欲提供一种电极组件，请参阅图1和图2，该电极组件100包括：至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片110和第二极片120，第一极片110和第二极片120绕卷绕轴线K卷绕形成多层结构，多 层结构具有沿卷绕轴线K的方向延伸的容纳腔140，容纳腔140用于容纳电解液；其中，电极组件100还包括沿第一方向X延伸的至少一个导流通道150，第一方向X为垂直于卷绕轴线K的方向，导流通道150被配置为引导容纳腔140内的电解液向外排出。
关于第一极片110和第二极片120，可以是第一极片110为正极极片，第二极片120为负极极片，或者第一极片110为负极极片，第二极片120为正极极片。
卷绕轴线K的方向可以平行于水平面，也可以垂直于水平面，这取决于电池单体的摆放方式。图1仅示意电极组件100在卷绕轴线K所在的纵截面，应用该电极组件100的电池单体可以竖立摆放于电池中，也可以平躺摆放于电池中。当电池单体竖立摆放时，卷绕轴线K的方向垂直于水平面；当电池单体平躺摆放时，卷绕轴线K的方向平行于水平面。
多层结构可以是扁平形的多层结构或者圆柱形的多层结构，包括多层极片。其中的每一层极片是指围绕卷绕轴线K的一圈极片，每一圈极片自身首尾不连接，而是分别与其相邻的两圈极片相连。
导流通道150的数量可以为一个或多个，较多数量的导流通道150可以增加电解液在电极组件100内部的传输路径。布置有多个导流通150道时，多个导流通道150可以在垂直于卷绕轴线K的方向所在的平面内相对于容纳腔140在该平面内的中心点对称布置，使电解液从电极组件100中心向外侧的浸润效果较为均衡。沿第一方向X，导流通道150可以贯通所有极片，例如贯通卷绕轴线K一侧的所有极片，或者贯通卷绕轴线K两侧的所有极片，还可以仅贯通部分极片。在图1所示的纵截面中，导流通道150可以布置于电极组件100的上端、中部、下端中的一处或多处。
第一方向X为垂直于卷绕轴线K的方向，包括：卷绕轴线K所在平面内的垂直于卷绕轴线K的方向，此时导流通道150的中心轴线与卷绕轴线K相交；以及在其他平面内的垂直于卷绕轴线K的方向，上述其他平面包括与卷绕轴线K相交的平面以及与卷绕轴线K平行的平面，此时导流通道150的中心轴线与卷绕轴线K不相交。
向外排出是指电解液从容纳腔140流向第一极片110和第二极片120，从而实现对极片的浸润。
本申请实施例通过设置导流通道150作为电解液的传输通道，使得容纳腔140内的电解液既可以通过第一极片110和第二极片120中的间隙向外排出，还可以通过导流通道150向外排出，增加了电解液在电极组件100内部的传输路径，从而改善电解液在电极组件100中的浸润效果。此外，该导流通道150还有助于电极组件100内部产生的气体的排流。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，容纳腔140的中心轴线与卷绕轴线K重合。在这样的实施例中，由于卷绕轴线K位于电极组件100的中心位置，因此容纳腔140也位于电极组件100的中心位置，能够使电解液从电极组件100的中心向外侧的浸润效果较为均衡。本领域技术人员应当理解，由于加工误差，允许容纳腔140的中心轴线与卷绕轴线K不完全重合，存在少量偏移。在加工误差允许的范围内，即使容纳腔140的中心轴线与卷绕轴线K存在少量偏移，也应被视为容纳腔140的中心轴线与卷绕轴线K重合。
正极极片的表面涂覆有正极活性物质，负极极片的表面涂覆有负极活性物质。正极极片上涂覆有活性物质的区域为正极活性物质区，正极极片上未涂覆有活性物质的区域为正极非活性物质区；负极极片上涂覆有活性物质的区域为负极活性物质区，负极极片上未涂覆有活性物质的区域为负极非活性物质区。
在本申请的一些实施例中，结合图3所示，第一极片110的活性物质区和第二极片120的活性物质区卷绕后形成主体区A，主体区A包括层叠设置的多个活性物质部131。第一极片110的非活性物质区或第二极片120的非活性物质区卷绕后形成极耳区B，极耳区B包括层叠设置的多个极耳部132，容纳腔140沿卷绕轴线K的方向贯穿主体区A和极耳区B。
第一极片110在主体区A内围绕卷绕轴线K的每一圈或者第二极片120在主体区A内围绕卷绕轴线K的每一圈即为一个活性物质部131。第一极片110在极耳区B内围绕卷绕轴线K的每一圈或者第二极片120在极耳区B内围绕卷绕轴线K的每一圈即为一个极耳部132。如前所述，正极极耳区和负极极耳区可以共同位于主体区A的一端或是分别位于主体区A的两端，容纳腔140沿卷绕轴线K的方向贯穿主体区A和极耳区B是指：当正极极耳区和负极极耳区共同位于主体区A的一端时，容纳腔140依次 贯穿极耳区B和主体区A；当正极极耳区和负极极耳区分别位于主体区A的两端时，容纳腔140依次贯穿正极的极耳区B、主体区A和负极的极耳区B，图1所示为此种情形。
以此方式设置的电极组件，由于容纳腔140沿卷绕轴线K的方向贯穿主体区A和极耳区B，使容纳腔140内的电解液可以经由极耳区B的端部流入主体区A的内部。
在一些实施例中，请参考图2所示，电极组件100为圆柱结构，第一方向X为圆柱结构的径向方向。
圆柱结构的径向方向是指，在该圆柱结构的横截面内沿圆的直径或半径的直线方向。当容纳腔140的中心轴线与卷绕轴线K重合时，圆柱结构的径向方向则是指，在该圆柱结构的横截面内从电极组件100外部指向容纳腔140中心的方向，或者从容纳腔140中心指向电极组件100外部的方向。
在圆柱结构的电极组件中，导流通道150沿圆柱结构的径向延伸，能够引导容纳腔140内的电解液沿径向向外侧传输，为电解液的传输提供了较为快速的通道，改善电解液在电极组件100中的浸润效果。
下面对导流通道150在电极组件100垂直于卷绕轴线的横截面的位置进行详细说明。
在一些实施例中，请参考图4和图5所示，多个极耳部132包括多个连续布置的第一极耳部132a，每个第一极耳部132a均设有沿自身厚度方向贯通的至少一个第一开孔133，各个第一极耳部132a的第一开孔133被配置为沿第一方向X相对布置以形成导流通道150。
多个连续布置的第一极耳部132a，是指这些第一极耳部132a中每一圈极耳部均相邻设置，例如从电极组件100的最内侧开始，第n圈至第n+i圈极耳部均为第一极耳部132a。
在每一圈第一极耳部132a上，第一开孔133的数量可以为一个或多个。
各个第一极耳部132a的第一开孔133沿第一方向X相对布置是指，在第一方向X上，任意两个第一开孔133的投影具有重叠的部分，由此可以形成在第一方向X上贯通的导流通道150。例如，所有的第一开孔133的中心完全对齐，或者其中一些第一开孔133的中心交错设置。当所有的 第一开孔133的中心被设计为完全对齐时，由于加工误差，可能会使第一开孔133在电极组件100中的互相之间的位置产生偏移，只要满足任意两个第一开孔133在第一方向X上的投影具有重叠的部分即可。
通过在连续布置的第一极耳部132a上均设置第一开孔133，第一开孔133沿第一方向X相对布置形成导流通道150，这种方式形成的导流通道150为一段连续贯通的通道，可以减短电解液的传输长度，能够使电解液较快的经由导流通道150流入相邻的两个第一极耳部132a之间，以使得电解液流入主体区A的内部。
第一极耳部132a的布置方式有多种，下面对第一极耳部132a的布置方式进行说明。
图2至图4所示为电极组件100中每一圈极耳部132均为第一极耳部132a。导流通道150的外端与电极组件100的外部空间直接连通，导流通道150的内端与容纳腔140直接连通。容纳腔140内的电解液和电极组件100的外部空间内的电解液均可以直接经由导流通道150流入相邻的两个第一极耳部132a之间，从而流入主体区的内部。
在一些其他实施例中，如图5所示，极耳区最外侧的极耳部为第一极耳部132a，导流通道150的外端与电极组件100的外部空间直接连通。
极耳区最外侧的极耳部是指最外侧的一圈极耳部。
导流通道150的外端是指导流通道150远离容纳腔140、靠近电极组件100的外部空间的一端。
通过在最外侧的第一极耳部132a上设置第一开孔133，形成外端与电极组件100的外部空间直接连通的导流通道150，电极组件100的外部空间内的电解液可直接流入导流通道150，能够使电解液较快的经由导流通道150流入相邻的两个第一极耳部132a之间，以使得电解液流入主体区的内部。
图5所示的实施例中，包括多个第一极耳部132a，除极耳区最外侧的第一极耳部132a以外，与该最外侧的第一极耳部132a相邻的数个极耳部也是第一极耳部132a，在这些第一极耳部132a上开设有第一开孔133。
如图5所示，多个极耳部还包括多个连续布置的第二极耳部132b，第二极耳部132b未设置第一开孔133，多个第二极耳部132b均位于导流通 道150和容纳腔140之间，导流通道150的内端通过相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙与容纳腔140连通。
多个连续布置的第二极耳部132b，是指这些第二极耳部132b中每一圈极耳部均相邻设置，例如从电极组件100的最内侧开始，第1圈至第m圈极耳部均为第二极耳部132b。
导流通道150的内端是指导流通道150靠近容纳腔140、远离电极组件100的外部空间的一端。
容纳腔140由最内圈的第二极耳部132b围合形成，且具有一开口，该开口连通到第一间隙，第一间隙为最内圈的第二极耳部132b和与最内层的第二极耳部132b相邻的第二极耳部132b之间的间隙。导流通道150的内端通过相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙与容纳腔140连通，则是指导流通道150的内端至少通过上述第一间隙与容纳腔140连通。当第二极耳部132b的数量大于两个时，导流通道150的内端依次通过相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙连通到第一间隙，最终与容纳腔140连通。
以此方式设置的电极组件100，导流通道150的内端通过相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙与容纳腔140连通，能够使容纳腔140内的电解液沿着相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙流入导流通道150内；再者，第二极耳部132b位于导流通道150和容纳腔140之间，相当于第二极耳部132b位于电极组件100的内侧，因此，每一圈第二极耳部132b的面积均较小，若在第二极耳部132b上设置第一开孔133将影响第二极耳部132b的强度，通过在第二极耳部132b上不设置第一开孔133，从而保证第二极耳部132b的强度。
在上述实施例中，电解液的浸润通道包括如下几种：
1.电极组件100的外部空间内的电解液通过与其直接连通的导流通道150流入相邻的两个第一极耳部132a之间，从而流入主体区的内部；
2.容纳腔140内的电解液流入最内圈的第二极耳部132b和与最内圈的第二极耳部132b相邻的第二极耳部132b之间的间隙，并依次流经相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙，从而流入主体区的内部；这部分电解液还可以通过与导流通道150的内端连通的相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙流入导流通道150，然后流入相邻的两个第一极耳部132a之间，从 而流入主体区的内部；
3.极耳区和/或主体区的端部的电解液，通过极片端部之间的间隙流入相邻的两个极片之间，从而流入主体区的内部。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，极耳区最内侧的极耳部为第一极耳部132a，导流通道150的内端与容纳腔140直接连通。
极耳区最内侧的极耳部是指最内侧的一圈极耳部。
通过在最内侧的第一极耳部132a上设置第一开孔133，形成内端与容纳腔140直接连通的导流通道150，容纳腔140内的电解液可直接流入导流通道150，能够使电解液较快的经由导流通道150流入相邻的两个第一极耳部132a之间，以使得电解液流入主体区的内部。
与上文描述类似的，本实施例中，如图6所示，多个极耳部还包括多个连续布置的第二极耳部132b，第二极耳部132b未设置第一开孔133，多个第二极耳部132b均位于电极组件100的外部空间和导流通道150之间，导流通道150的外端通过相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙与电极组件100的外部空间连通。
在上述实施例中，电解液的浸润通道包括如下几种：
1.容纳腔140内的电解液通过与其直接连通的导流通道150流入相邻的两个第一极耳部132a之间，从而流入主体区的内部；
2.电极组件100的外部空间内的电解液流入第二间隙，第二间隙为最外圈的第二极耳部132b和与最外圈的第二极耳部132b相邻的第二极耳部132b之间的间隙，并依次流经相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙，从而流入主体区的内部；这部分电解液还可以通过与导流通道150的外端连通的相邻的两个第二极耳部132b之间的间隙流入导流通道150，然后流入相邻的两个第一极耳部132a之间，从而流入主体区的内部；
3.极耳区和/或主体区的端部的电解液，通过极片端部之间的间隙流入相邻的两个极片之间，从而流入主体区的内部。
本领域技术人员应当理解，在一些实施例中，可以将上述两种实施例的技术方案进行结合。如图7所示，第一极耳部132a既包括最外侧的极耳部，也包括最内侧的极耳部，相应的，导流通道包括第一导流通道151和第二导流通道152，第一导流通道151的外端与电极组件100的外部空间 直接连通，第二导流通道152的内端与容纳腔140直接连通。由此既可以使电极组件100的外部空间内的电解液通过与其直接连通的第一导流通道151流入主体区的内部，还可以使容纳腔140内的电解液通过与其直接连通的第二导流通道152流入主体区的内部。
请参阅图8，在一些实施例中，第一极耳部可以仅布置在电极组件100其中一端的极耳部上，例如仅布置在第一极片110的极耳部，此时仅在第一极片110的极耳部132上开设第一开孔133，形成导流通道；请参阅图9，或者第一极耳部可以仅布置在第二极片120的极耳部，此时仅在第二极片120的极耳部132上开设第一开孔133，形成导流通道。在一些其他实施例中，请参考图4所示，也可以在电极组件100两端的极耳部132上均开设第一开孔133，从而在电极组件100的两端均形成导流通道，为电解液在电极组件内部的传输提供更多的通道。
下面对导流通道150中第一开孔133的孔径布置进行详细说明。
在一些实施例中，如图10所示，由电极组件100的外部指向内部的方向，多个第一开孔133的孔径依次减小，形成图11中所示在垂直于卷绕轴线K的横截面上大致呈扇形的导流通道150。
第一开孔133的形状可以为圆形、椭圆形、多边形(例如正方形、长方形、梯形等)等形状，在实际应用中以便于加工为宜。第一开孔133的孔径是指当电极组件100竖立放置时，第一开孔133的中心点所在水平面上第一开孔133的长度，例如圆形的直径、正方形的边长、长方形长边的边长等。
在该实施例中，卷绕后的电极组件100的外圈指向内圈的方向，每一圈极耳部132上设置的第一开孔133的孔径比位于其外侧的一圈极耳部132上设置的第一开孔133的孔径小。而对于位于同一圈极耳部132上的多个第一开孔133，其孔径可以相同，也可以不同。由于位于电极组件100外侧的每一圈活性物质部的面积，比位于电极组件100内侧的每一圈活性物质部的面积大，相应的前者对电解液的需求量较大，由电极组件100的外部指向内部的方向，通过将多个第一开孔133的孔径布置为依次减小，使得位于电极组件100外侧的导流通道150较大，满足位于电极组件100外侧的活性物质部对电解液的较大需求。
在一些实施例中，请返回参考图4所示，由电极组件100的外部指向内部的方向，多个第一开孔133的孔径相同，形成图2中所示在垂直于卷绕轴线K的横截面上大致呈矩形的导流通道150。在这种方式中，由电极组件100的外部指向内部的方向，通过将多个第一开孔133的孔径布置为相同，只需设计和加工一种尺寸的第一开孔133，降低了生产难度和生产成本。
在一些实施例中，如图12所示，容纳腔包括位于主体区A的第一容纳腔141和位于极耳区B的第二容纳腔142，沿垂直于卷绕轴线K的方向，第二容纳腔142的尺寸大于第一容纳腔141的尺寸。
上述容纳腔可以通过如下方式形成：如图13所示，在将极片卷绕之前预先模切一部分极耳，被模切的一部分极耳为卷绕后位于电极组件100内侧的数圈极耳部132；将极片卷绕后，在主体区A围绕卷绕轴线K形成第一容纳腔141，在极耳区B围绕卷绕轴线K形成第二容纳腔142。第二容纳腔142包括第一部分和第二部分，其中第一部分与第一容纳腔141在卷绕轴线K方向上的位置对应，且孔径相同，第二部分通过模切极耳所形成。
通过在设置有导流通道150的极耳区B设置尺寸较大的第二容纳腔142，第二容纳腔142内可储存较多的电解液，电解液可以从第二容纳腔142流入导流通道150，既缩短了电解液的传输路径，又能使较多的电解液流入导流通道150，进一步提高了电解液的浸润速度。从加工工艺的角度考虑，由于位于电极组件100内侧的几圈极耳部132在围绕卷绕轴线K的方向上长度较短，开孔难度较大，本实施例通过模切极耳的方式，无需在内侧的几圈极耳部132上开设第一开孔，降低了生产难度和生产成本。
在一些其他实施例中，如图14所示，还可以在电极组件100内侧的数个极耳部132上不开设第一开孔133，形成图15所示的导流通道150。由于不在内侧的几圈极耳部132上开设第一开孔，降低了生产难度和生产成本，同时也保证了电极组件100内侧的数个极耳部132的强度。
在一些其他实施例中，如图16所示，在内侧的数个极耳部132上开设一个较大孔径的第一开孔133，形成图17所示的导流通道150，由于不在内侧的单个极耳部132上开设第一开孔，而是在围绕卷绕轴线K的方向上长度较长的数个极耳部132上共同开设一个较大孔径的第一开孔133，既 保证了较好的电解液浸润效果，又降低了生产难度和生产成本。
在一些其他实施例中，如图18所示，在内侧的数个极耳部132上开设较小孔径的第一开孔133，在外侧的极耳部132上开设较大孔径的第一开孔133，形成图19所示的导流通道150。由于在电极组件100中内侧的数个极耳部132中每个极耳部132上均开设较小孔径的第一开孔133，既保证了较好的电解液浸润效果，相比开设较大孔径的第一开孔133，还降低了生产难度和生产成本，同时也保证了电极组件100内侧的数个极耳部132的强度。
在一些实施例中，为了便于加工，还可以在极耳部132上开设无规律的第一开孔133，第一开孔133的孔径和/或相邻孔之间的距离随机布置，使导流通道150呈现类似图20所示的不规则形状，各导流通道150之间迂曲导通。这种方式可以降低生产难度和生产成本。
可以理解的是，在一些实施例中，还可以在主体区内开设第二开孔，形成与前述实施例中导流通道的结构、位置和功能均类似的第二导流通道。当然，可以仅在极耳区开设第一开孔，也可以仅在主体区开设第二开孔，还可以同时在极耳区开设第一开孔和在主体区开设第二开孔。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池单体，如图21所示，电池单体200包括：壳体211、端盖212和上文中实施例所描述的电极组件100，壳体211沿卷绕轴线K的方向的端部具有开口211a，端盖212用于封闭开口211a，电极组件100设置于壳体211内。
在电池单体200的电极组件100中，通过设置导流通道作为电解液的传输通道，使得容纳腔140内的电解液既可以通过第一极片和第二极片中的间隙向外排出，还可以通过导流通道向外排出，增加了电解液在电极组件100内部的传输路径，从而改善电解液在电极组件100中的浸润效果。
在一些实施例中，端盖212设有注液孔213，注液孔213与容纳腔140沿所述卷绕轴线的方向相对设置，以使得电解液可通过注液孔213进入容纳腔140。注液孔213与容纳腔140沿所述卷绕轴线的方向相对设置是指在卷绕轴线的方向上，注液孔213与容纳腔140的投影具有重叠的部分，至少一部分注液孔213在卷绕轴线的方向上与容纳腔140直接贯通。
通过将注液孔213与容纳腔140布置为沿卷绕轴线的方向相对设置， 能够使电解液从注液孔213注入后直接流入容纳腔140，提高了电解液的传输速度。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，如图22所示，电池300包括上文中实施例所描述的电池单体200。在一些实施例中，电池300一般还包括箱体301，电池单体200设置于箱体301中。电池300中，通过在电极组件内设置导流通道作为电解液的传输通道，使得容纳腔内的电解液既可以通过第一极片和第二极片中的间隙向外排出，还可以通过导流通道向外排出，增加了电解液在电极组件内部的传输路径，从而改善电解液在电极组件中的浸润效果。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电装置，包括上文中实施例所描述的电池，电池用于提供电能。用电装置的电池中，通过在电极组件内设置导流通道作为电解液的传输通道，使得容纳腔内的电解液既可以通过第一极片和第二极片中的间隙向外排出，还可以通过导流通道向外排出，增加了电解液在电极组件内部的传输路径，从而改善电解液在电极组件中的浸润效果。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例的用电装置可以是各种使用电池的用电装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、各种车辆(例如电瓶车、电动汽车等)、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。本申请的实施例描述的电池不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备。为描述简洁，下述实施例以车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图23所示，为本申请一实施例的一种车辆400的简易示意图。车辆400可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。如图23所示，车辆400的内部可以设置电池300，例如，在车辆400的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池300。电池300可以用于车辆400的供电，例如，电池300可以作 为车辆400的操作电源。并且车辆400还可以包括控制器402和马达401。控制器402用来控制电池300为马达401的供电，例如，用于车辆400的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池300不仅仅可以作为车辆400的操作电源，还可以作为车辆400的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆400提供驱动动力。在下文中所称的电池300也可以理解为是包括多个电池单体的电池包。在车辆400的电池300中，通过在电极组件内设置导流通道作为电解液的传输通道，使得容纳腔内的电解液既可以通过第一极片和第二极片中的间隙向外排出，还可以通过导流通道向外排出，增加了电解液在电极组件内部的传输路径，从而改善电解液在电极组件中的浸润效果。
上文中结合图1至图23描述了本申请实施例的电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电装置，下面将结合图24和图25描述本申请实施例的制备电极组件的方法和装置，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
具体而言，图24示出了本申请实施例的制备电极组件的方法500的示意性流程图。如图24所示，该方法500包括：一种制备电极组件的方法，包括：
501：提供至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片；以及502：将第一极片和第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成多层结构，多层结构具有沿卷绕轴线的方向延伸的容纳腔，容纳腔用于容纳电解液；卷绕后还在电极组件中形成有沿第一方向延伸的至少一个导流通道，第一方向为垂直于卷绕轴线的方向，导流通道被配置为引导容纳腔内的电解液向外排出。
本申请实施例在制备电极组件的过程中，通过设置导流通道作为电解液的传输通道，使得容纳腔内的电解液既可以通过第一极片和第二极片中的间隙向外排出，还可以通过导流通道向外排出，增加了电解液在电极组件内部的传输路径，从而改善电解液在电极组件中的浸润效果。
图25示出了本申请实施例的制备电极组件的装置600的示意性框图。如图25所示，根据本申请的一些实施例的装置600包括：极片放置模块601，用于提供至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片；以及卷绕模块602，用于将第一极片和第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成多层结构，多层结构具有沿卷绕轴线的方向延伸的容纳腔，容纳腔用于容纳电解液； 卷绕后还在电极组件中形成有沿第一方向延伸的至少一个导流通道，第一方向为垂直于卷绕轴线的方向，导流通道被配置为引导容纳腔内的电解液向外排出。
本申请实施例的制备电极组件的装置在制备电极组件的过程中，通过设置导流通道作为电解液的传输通道，使得容纳腔内的电解液既可以通过第一极片和第二极片中的间隙向外排出，还可以通过导流通道向外排出，增加了电解液在电极组件内部的传输路径，从而改善电解液在电极组件中的浸润效果。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电极组件，其特征在于，包括：
    至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片，所述第一极片和所述第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成多层结构，所述多层结构具有沿所述卷绕轴线的方向延伸的容纳腔(140)，所述容纳腔(140)用于容纳电解液；
    其中，所述电极组件(100)还包括沿第一方向延伸的至少一个导流通道(150)，所述第一方向为垂直于所述卷绕轴线的方向，所述导流通道(150)被配置为引导所述容纳腔(140)内的电解液向外排出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一极片的活性物质区和所述第二极片的活性物质区卷绕后形成主体区，所述主体区包括层叠设置的多个活性物质部(131)，所述第一极片的非活性物质区或第二极片的非活性物质区卷绕后形成极耳区，所述极耳区包括层叠设置的多个极耳部(132)，所述容纳腔(140)沿所述卷绕轴线的方向贯穿所述主体区和所述极耳区。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述电极组件(100)为圆柱结构，所述第一方向为所述圆柱结构的径向方向。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述多个极耳部(132)包括多个连续布置的第一极耳部(132a)，每个所述第一极耳部(132a)均设有沿自身厚度方向贯通的至少一个第一开孔(133)，各个所述第一极耳部(132a)的所述第一开孔(133)被配置为沿所述第一方向相对布置以形成所述导流通道(150)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述极耳区最外侧的极耳部(132)为所述第一极耳部(132a)，所述导流通道(150)的外端与所述电极组件(100)的外部空间直接连通。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述极耳区最内侧的极耳部(132)为所述第一极耳部(132a)，所述导流通道(150)的内端与所述容纳腔(140)直接连通。
  7. 如权利要求4或5所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述多个极耳部 (132)还包括多个连续布置的第二极耳部(132b)，所述第二极耳部(132b)未设置所述第一开孔(133)，多个所述第二极耳部(132b)均位于所述导流通道(150)和所述容纳腔(140)之间，所述导流通道(150)的内端通过相邻的两个第二极耳部(132b)之间的间隙与所述容纳腔(140)连通。
  8. 如权利要求4至7任一项所述的电极组件，其特征在于，由所述电极组件(100)的外部指向内部的方向，多个所述第一开孔(133)的孔径依次减小或相同。
  9. 如权利要求2至8任一项所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述容纳腔(140)包括位于所述主体区的第一容纳腔(141)和位于所述极耳区的第二容纳腔(142)，沿垂直于所述卷绕轴线的方向，所述第二容纳腔(142)的尺寸大于所述第一容纳腔(141)的尺寸。
  10. 如权利要求1至9任一项所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述容纳腔(140)的中心轴线与所述卷绕轴线重合。
  11. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：壳体(211)、端盖(212)和如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电极组件(100)，所述壳体(211)沿所述卷绕轴线的方向的端部具有开口(211a)，所述端盖(212)用于封闭所述开口(211a)，所述电极组件(100)设置于所述壳体(211)内。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述端盖(212)设有注液孔(213)，所述注液孔(213)与所述容纳腔(140)沿所述卷绕轴线的方向相对设置，以使得电解液可通过所述注液孔(213)进入所述容纳腔(140)。
  13. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求11或12所述的电池单体(200)。
  14. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求13所述的电池(400)，所述电池(300)用于提供电能。
  15. 一种制备电极组件的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    (501)提供至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片；
    (502)将所述第一极片和所述第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成多层结构，所述多层结构具有沿所述卷绕轴线的方向延伸的容纳腔(140)，所述容纳腔(140)用于容纳电解液；卷绕后还在所述电极组件(100)中形成有沿 第一方向延伸的至少一个导流通道(150)，所述第一方向为垂直于所述卷绕轴线的方向，所述导流通道(150)被配置为引导所述容纳腔(140)内的电解液向外排出。
  16. 一种制备电极组件的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    极片放置模块(601)，用于提供至少两个极片，包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片；
    卷绕模块(602)，用于将所述第一极片和所述第二极片绕卷绕轴线卷绕形成多层结构，所述多层结构具有沿所述卷绕轴线的方向延伸的容纳腔(140)，所述容纳腔(140)用于容纳电解液；卷绕后还在所述电极组件(100)中形成有沿第一方向延伸的至少一个导流通道(150)，所述第一方向为垂直于所述卷绕轴线的方向，所述导流通道(150)被配置为引导所述容纳腔(140)内的电解液向外排出。
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