WO2023072326A1 - Agencement d'engrais - Google Patents

Agencement d'engrais Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023072326A1
WO2023072326A1 PCT/DE2022/000091 DE2022000091W WO2023072326A1 WO 2023072326 A1 WO2023072326 A1 WO 2023072326A1 DE 2022000091 W DE2022000091 W DE 2022000091W WO 2023072326 A1 WO2023072326 A1 WO 2023072326A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
nutrients
carrier material
arrangement
fertilizer arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2022/000091
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nicolai David Jablonowski
Caue Ribeiro De Oliveira
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Publication of WO2023072326A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023072326A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/16—Films or sheets; Webs; Fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fertilizer arrangement for fertilizing, in particular for underfoot fertilization and/or surface application, preferably of row crops.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing this fertilizer arrangement, its use and a method for fertilizing row crops using the fertilizer arrangement.
  • Liquid manure is also applied superficially by scratching the topsoil into the soil, for example as part of strip tillage.
  • granular fertilizers are applied or incorporated into the substrates/soil, or placed as sticks, cones, or in other forms in the soil near the plant, where they serve as slow-release fertilizers.
  • the leaching is an open question, especially in the areas subject to irregular and intense suffer from rain.
  • homogeneity can be an issue depending on the quality of the application system.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to enable a precise and easy-to-handle, continuous supply of plants with the desired and required nutrients by fertilizers locally, preferably in the direct root area of the plants, without leaching or volatilization.
  • a fertilizer arrangement containing at least nutrients or nutrient sources was developed, which is characterized in that the fertilizer arrangement consists of a flexible and preferably an organic, biodegradable carrier material or a composition of different carrier materials, for example based on polymers or biomass, and preferably in the form of plates, webs, wires and/or cords.
  • the fertilizer arrangement according to the invention precisely solves the targeted and local application problem of fertilizers in the root area of the plants by directing the fertilizer, the fertilizers, hereinafter referred to generally as nutrients, very specifically into the soil, i.e. the plates, tracks and in particular the design as " “Wire” or “cord” make it possible to guide the nutrients as locally as possible in the seed line and also to avoid problems of homogeneity known from the prior art.
  • the carrier material or the composition of different carrier materials is flexible. In addition to the flexible property, the carrier material or the composition of different carrier materials can also have elastic properties.
  • the designation and property flexibility is understood to mean the ability of the fertilizer arrangement to spontaneously adapt to reversible changes in shape (bending, torsion) under changing loads.
  • the flexibility of the fertilizer arrangement is particularly advantageous when it is made up in the form of cords, wires, plates or webs in a rolled-up form, since tearing and breaking off of these configurations can be reduced as a result.
  • elasticity is used in the context of the invention to mean the ability of the fertilizer assembly to stretch by at least 1% of its original length and to return to its original size when the load is removed, with no limit to the maximum elongation.
  • the mechanical properties of the fertilizer assembly can vary from minimum values for the Manipulation (e.g. tensile strength >1 MPa, elongation at yield >1% and elongation at break of 10-15%) up to typical values of polymeric materials (tensile strength of 30 - 60 MPa, elongation at yield 10-15% and elongation at break >50%). These values are illustrative and materials should not be limited to these ranges, ie higher mechanical strength values are also acceptable.
  • the nutrients can be embedded directly in the carrier material.
  • they can additionally or alternatively be present in the carrier material in such a way that they are also encased or encased with an additional material, which is preferably water-soluble.
  • additional material which is preferably water-soluble.
  • water soluble materials are biopolymers such as starch, polylactic acid (PLA) and pectin, and synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol.
  • nutrients is understood to mean the chemical elements required by the plant for growth and maintenance of the metabolism, in particular the elements N, P, K, S and micronutrients (Zn, Co, Mo, etc.).
  • nutrient sources used for the fertilizer assembly there can be mentioned, for example, urea which is hydrolyzed to NH4 + , apatites which dissolve to form PC>4 3 ' in equilibrium with Ca2 + , and others.
  • nutrient sources means species that contain a nutrient in their structure and are able to release it by a chemical process in such a way that a plant-resorbable compound is formed, such as NH4 + , PC 3 , K + , Etc.
  • the fertilizer arrangement can contain nutrients of a variable nutrient composition selected from a group containing at least macronutrients, micronutrients, adjuvants and/or microorganisms.
  • macronutrients N, P, K, Mg, S, Ca can be mentioned, for example, but not limited thereto.
  • micronutrients for example, but not limited to, Zn, Mo, B, Mn, Fe can be mentioned.
  • the following commercialized bacterial inoculants based mainly on plant growth promoting bacteria as examples but not limited, could be used for the fertilizer arrangement: Agrobacterium radiobacter, Azospirillum brasilense, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginous, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis var.
  • amyloliquefaciens Burkholderia cepacia, Delftia acidovorans, Paenibacillus macerans, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas solan acearum, Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas syringae, Serratia entomophila, Streptomyces griseoviridis, Streptomyces spp., Streptomyces lydicus, and Rhizobium spp., for protection against fungal plant-pathogenic bacteria of the genus Bacillus, such as, but not limited to, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus thuringiensis [3].
  • phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in the fertilizer arrangement could be beneficial.
  • These include, but are not limited to, genera such as Achromobacter, Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Gluconacetobacter, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas and Serratia.
  • Microbially induced phosphorus solubilization in soil occurs mainly through biological mechanisms such as the production of acid phosphatases that help mineralize organic phosphorus in soil.
  • Legumes can interact symbiotically with soil bacteria known as rhizobia, which are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and supplying it in the form of ammonia (NH3) as the first stable product of nitrogen fixation to the plant for its growth and development .
  • rhizobia soil bacteria
  • NH3 ammonia
  • These include the genera Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium/Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Azorhizobium, Neorhizobium and Pararhizobium as diazotrophic bacteria which can invade the plant and form root nodules there and also, but not limited to, can be incorporated into the fertilizer assembly.
  • Plant growth promoting fungi or their spores that can be added to the fertilizer assembly include, but are not limited to, organisms of the genera Trichoderma, Talaromyces, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Gliocladium, Phoma, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Talaromyces and Mortierella [4] .
  • Microorganisms, fungi, or spores thereof when released (by dissolving/degrading the fertilizer assembly), can benefit and promote plant health directly or indirectly, e.g. by assisting the release of nutrients from the fertilizer assembly itself and from the surrounding soil. This can be done, for example, by influencing the pH value or synergistic effects in the mobilization and uptake of nutrients (dissolved macronutrients and micronutrients), or through competitive effects to suppress soil-borne plant pathogens.
  • the prerequisite for this is that the microorganisms or fungi and/or their spores to be used remain vital in the processing of the fertilizer arrangement, so that after release in the soil they can fulfill their promoting function in the soil and on the plant.
  • the fertilizer arrangement is further characterized in that the carrier material is formed from an organic, preferably biodegradable, material.
  • the carrier material can preferably consist of organic material, selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, for example starch, lignin, modified celluloses, pectin, chitosan, polyglycerols, polylactic acid, polyhydroxybutiral, polyvinyl alcohols, polycaprolactones, polyethylene glycol or oils, and also from a composition or combinations of different organic materials.
  • the degradation of the organic carrier material also promotes local soil fertility through microbial stimulation.
  • the carrier material of the fertilizer arrangement can advantageously have swelling and/or water-storing properties. Swelling and/or water-storing properties can advantageously lead to the plants continuing to be supplied locally with dissolved nutrients or water even when the soil is dry.
  • the carrier materials should be in an advantageous Configuration have a water absorption capacity of 40-100%. In the case of starch as a carrier material, more than 50 to 80% of the weight can be absorbed as water (moisture). Therefore, resistance to moisture in the field tends to be higher than typical mineral or farm fertilizers.
  • the dissolution behavior depends on the dissolution of the starch as a carrier material and on the solubility limit of the respective nutrient, e.g. B. from the solubility of urea as an example of a nitrogen source, or other nutrient sources.
  • hydrogel polymers may additionally be incorporated into the fertilizer assembly carrier material to increase water absorbency and resistance to dissolution or disaggregation in liquids (including water).
  • hydrogel polymers e.g., polyacrylamide and polyacrylate-based polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and naturally-based hydrogels, e.g., collagen, gelatin, and others
  • hydrogel polymers in small amounts used ( ⁇ 2% by weight) can increase the mechanical strength of the fertilizer assembly increase by more than 20%. Mixtures with higher levels (e.g.
  • 20% by weight can increase the water absorption capacity and the resistance to dissolution on immersion in water by more than 100 times, as the typical swellability of hydrogels is in the range of 20 to 200 (i.e. 1 g polymer can absorb 200 g water, which would correspond to a swelling capacity of 200).
  • the fertilizer assembly may also include other adjuvants which, while not being a direct source of nutrients, may impart additional beneficial properties to the fertilizer assembly, such as increased stability or an increase in water storage capacity.
  • the fertilizer arrangement is therefore characterized in that the carrier material comprises reinforcing material as an auxiliary.
  • This reinforcement material can include materials selected from the group consisting of fibers, natural fibers, nanofibers, mineral fillers or combinations of these. Natural fibers, nanofibers (e.g. microfibrillated cellulose, nanocellulose), mineral fillers (e.g. clays, mineral oxides), for example, are suitable as reinforcing materials.
  • the fertilizer arrangement can advantageously also contain additives.
  • additives means any material or any chemical that chemically and/or physically changes the properties of the fertilizer arrangement according to the invention, such as an increase in plasticity, mechanical strength, water affinity or water absorption, solubility and other.
  • Additives can also be, for example, but not limited to, plant protection agents, nitrification inhibitors (e.g. Piadin®), bacteria and fungi, or their persistent forms and/or spores or stimulants.
  • the properties of the fertilizer arrangement can be varied and adjusted in terms of their flexibility and elasticity.
  • a higher proportion of polymer in the carrier material leads, for example, to a more flexible fertilizer arrangement, while a higher nutrient content, due to mineral ingredients, tends to lead to brittle, rigid material properties of the fertilizer arrangement.
  • the nutrient content in the carrier material can, for example, increase the flexibility and elasticity of the fertilizer arrangement: urea, for example, acts as a plasticizer for starch, which means that a urea-loaded carrier material can act as a plasticizer and also as a nutrient source at the same time.
  • the "plastics" content of the carrier material of the fertilizer assembly is responsible for giving it the flexibility or elasticity, which means that this flexibility and elasticity can vary.
  • the term “plastic” means all biodegradable materials and components of the carrier material in the fertilizer arrangement that can be deformed by the action of an external load without breaking. These components or materials can, for example, consist of compositions synthetic polymers (e.g.
  • polyvinyl alcohol polyethylene glycol, polyhydroxybutiral, etc.
  • biopolymers e.g. starch, lignin, modified celluloses, pectin, chitosan, etc.
  • the nutrients contained in the fertilizer arrangement can then be successively released from these materials and components.
  • the proportions of carrier material to nutrients can preferably be 20-50% by weight of the fertilizer arrangement.
  • a continuous string fertilizer assembly could be composed of 20% by weight thermoplastic starch and 80% by weight urea, guaranteeing a nutrient content of 36% by weight N.
  • the composition of the nutrients can also vary and contain more than just one nutrient.
  • the nutrient concentration should be normalized to the final level in the fertilizer array as this is the value that is useful to the agronomist (for calculating fertilizer amounts).
  • a final concentration of N for example if urea is used as the nutrient, in the fertilizer arrangement would be 36% by weight.
  • the calculated 36% by weight refers to the N content of the nutrient, in this case urea: Since urea contains 44-45% N in its composition, a mixture of 80% by weight urea plus 20% by weight results. % carrier material has a final concentration of 36% by weight N (the actual nutrient).
  • the degradation of the fertilizer order and thus the release of nutrients and/or additives are influenced by soil moisture and by the root penetration of the plants, as well as by microbial and fungal interactions.
  • the biological degradation of the carrier materials and other components of the fertilizer arrangement is advantageously favored by the action of moisture, so that the nutrients and/or other additional additives can be gradually and continuously released locally in the root area of the plants.
  • the shaping structure and chemical-physical properties in particular the slow, controlled decomposition/dissolution of the fertilizer arrangement, and the associated only slow, controlled decomposition and release of the nutrients and/or additives of the fertilizer arrangement remain Even with high amounts of water in the soil (e.g. due to heavy rainfall), the nutrients are in the place where they are needed by the plants, i.e. in the root area under the plants.
  • slow, controlled decomposition is defined by the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) as meaning a fertilizer that contains a plant nutrient in a form that delays its availability to the plant after application or that delays its availability to the plant the plant significantly longer than a "rapidly available nutrient fertilizer” such as ammonium nitrate or urea, ammonium phosphate or potassium chloride.
  • AAPFCO Association of American Plant Food Control Officials
  • the initial release delay is achieved by kinetic or by affinity agents.
  • kinetic agents any of the foregoing Materials exhibit this behavior when its density is too high (i.e. low porosity, meaning that dissolution occurs more slowly).
  • affinity agents hydrophobic materials such as oil-based, high molecular weight polymers, etc. cover this definition as they must first be attacked by microorganisms to open pores or cavities where the water can be absorbed. Hydrophobicity can be used here as a general definition for delayed release since water dissolution is imperative for application.
  • the fertilizer arrangement can be variably and specifically adjusted to the many different conditions of soil moisture, nutrient release and water absorption capacity (swelling capacity) and depending on the target plant, in particular due to the advantageous design with different materials and compositions for the carrier material.
  • the fertilizer arrangement can be designed in the form of an endless roll in a coherent form, which can be rolled up and cut into the desired length or shape depending on the place of use (row culture in the field, greenhouse or pot) or target plant.
  • This design as an endless roll has the advantage that the fertilizer arrangement, in its coherent form, for example the plates, webs and/or in particular the design as cords or wires of the fertilizer arrangement, can be laid continuously and consistently in the ground without interruptions, which means that on the one hand, the homogeneity of the fertilization is promoted and maintained and, on the other hand, the application process is facilitated.
  • the plates and/or webs which preferably have a rectangular cross section, can have a thickness and/or width in a range from 0.005 mm to 20 mm.
  • the cords or wires which preferably have a round or polygonal cross-section, can have a diameter in a range from 0.5 mm to 100 mm, for example.
  • the cord or wire can be cylindrical in shape, or a shape with variable thickness or variations based on Process characteristics, eg, helical, slotted or grooved, patterned, etc. include.
  • any desired cross-sectional shape e.g. star-shaped, round, oval, uniformly flat, corrugated, etc.
  • the respective thickness of the plates or webs, or the diameter of the cords can be adjusted according to the target plant to be fertilized and the correspondingly required fertilizer quantity and fertilizer composition.
  • the thickness, or diameter and shape of the fertilizer matrix to be selected pursues the goal of supplying annual crops with sufficient nutrients over the entire vegetation period after application in or on the soil. This makes further fertilizer measures superfluous and thus contributes to a reduction in emissions from work and machine use.
  • the fertilizer arrangement preferably in the form of fertilizer strings or fertilizer tracks, can be laid out between the rows of plants with appropriate equipment, or worked into the soil there.
  • the aim is a complete decomposition and dissolution of the fertilizer arrangement, in particular the fertilizer cords, fertilizer wires or fertilizer sheets and plates, and a complete release and uptake of the nutrients by the plants throughout the growing season, i.e. from sowing to harvest.
  • the diameter or the thickness of the cords, wires, plates or webs can be adapted to the local requirements for the plants. These could sometimes exceed the dimensions of 0.5-100 mm, or 0.005-20 mm for diameters or thicknesses given as examples above, as long as the handling for laying or applying the fertilizer cords/wires/plates/webs is practicable.
  • the fertilizer arrangement can advantageously be additionally reinforced, for example, with a carrier that can be rolled up (e.g. endless cable or fiber) or with a band (e.g. a plastic film or a material which is mechanically reinforced by a paper band). Due to its variably adjustable design and a variably adjustable composition and concentration of the nutrients it contains, the fertilizer arrangement can be used both for fertilization in agriculture (outdoors and greenhouses), for special crops and for private use and can also be particularly advantageous for underground fertilization and Surface application can be used in row crops.
  • a carrier rolled up
  • a band e.g. a plastic film or a material which is mechanically reinforced by a paper band. Due to its variably adjustable design and a variably adjustable composition and concentration of the nutrients it contains, the fertilizer arrangement can be used both for fertilization in agriculture (outdoors and greenhouses), for special crops and for private use and can also be particularly advantageous for underground fertilization and Surface application can be used in row crops.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a fertilizer arrangement containing nutrients, in which at least the desired and required nutrients and/or other additives mentioned above, for example in granular and/or powdered form, are mixed with the carrier material and the resulting solid to viscous, hardenable mixture is pressed through a shaping opening under pressure or brought into the desired shape by thermal treatment.
  • the solid to viscous, curable mixture can be pressed under pressure through a shaping opening, for example treated by a conventional extruder or by thermal shaping.
  • the mixture of carrier material and nutrients and/or other additives mentioned above can be prepared by various fiber and tape forming processes, such as (not limited to) extrusion, pultrusion and thermoforming, using a versatile range of temperatures and mechanical stress is given, which can be adapted to the needs of each mixture (e.g. maximum temperature to avoid degradation, impregnation conditions for microorganisms, etc.).
  • Nutrients and/or other additives can be incorporated into the carrier material by mixing soluble sources (e.g. NH4PO4, KCl, CO(NH2)2, sulfates, nitrates, etc.) or mineral forms (e.g. ZnO, MgO, CaPO4, etc. ) finely dispersed in a mixture.
  • the fertilizer assembly can be produced varying in shape (eg round or flat on average) and thickness via conventional extruders (ram-Zscrew extruder).
  • the amount of fertilizer arrangement to be laid depends on the estimated nutrient requirements of the respective plant/culture.
  • Reinforcement material such as biodegradable fibers (eg cellulose, wool, etc.) can be added to the carrier material for the fertilizer arrangement for stabilization to increase flexibility and stability (breaking and tearing strength). This can be realized, for example, by feeding biodegradable fibers through the extruder head.
  • the surface of the fertilizer arrangement according to the invention can also be wetted using, for example, talc or glycerin, in order to avoid possible sticking of a rolled-up fertilizer arrangement in the form of, for example, fertilizer cords, and to enable these fertilizer cords to be easily and evenly unwound/laid into the ground.
  • the finished fertilizer arrangement can then be rolled up and stored, for example in the form of fertilizer strings of any desired thickness and composition.
  • these "fertilizer cords”, also referred to synonymously as “wires” or “tape” in the context of the present invention can advantageously be introduced into the target area/soil area using suitable equipment, for example with an apparatus used to lay irrigation hoses.
  • Any direct or indirect nutrient form (originating from farm manure, e.g. liquid manure; from secondary raw material fertilizers, e.g. struvite, digestate, etc.; or synthetic/mineral origin, but also from micro and/or macro algae biomass) can be used as a raw material source for the nutrients.
  • farm manure e.g. liquid manure; from secondary raw material fertilizers, e.g. struvite, digestate, etc.; or synthetic/mineral origin, but also from micro and/or macro algae biomass
  • the invention also relates to a method for fertilizing plants, in particular plants in row crops, characterized in that the fertilizer arrangement according to the invention is applied to the crop area or worked into the soil in the form of slabs, webs or in the form of cords.
  • the fertilizer arrangement can be placed locally under the seed or seedlings or young plants, before or during sowing, directly at the site of use.
  • the depth of placement, ie placement/incorporation of the fertilizer arrangement in the soil beneath the seed or seedlings is plant specific, and may or may not limited thereto, for example between 0 and 30 cm.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the fertilizer arrangement according to the invention containing at least nutrients for underfoot fertilization or surface application in row crops or for fertilizing pot crops.
  • the "fertilizer cords", “wires” or “ribbons” can be laid in the ground at any depth, simultaneously with the seed. The seed can be placed directly in a row above the "fertilizer cords”.
  • the "fertilizer strings” can be cut and used as pieces in pot/container cultures.
  • the fertilizer layout can also be extended in paddy fields (“paddy” cultivation) with supports, which allows the fertilizers to be released in the middle of the water table instead of sinking into the ground, with longer release and better absorption by the plants, creating a spatial limited nutrient saturation in the muddy subsoil is avoided.
  • FIG. 1 Longitudinal section through a fertilizer arrangement according to the invention designed as a cord
  • FIG. 2 Schematic arrangement of a fertilizer arrangement introduced into the ground in the form of a string
  • Figure 3 Schematic layout of a string fertilizer array installed in the soil after exposure of the nutrients in the fertilizer array to moisture, release of the nutrients into the soil and uptake by the plant
  • FIG. 4 Schematic arrangement of a fertilizer arrangement introduced into the soil in the form of a string, the nutrients of which are released from the fertilizer matrix into the soil and are taken up by the plant
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the fertilizer arrangement 1 according to the invention, configured here as a cord, in which the nutrients 4 are embedded in the carrier material 2 in powdered, granular and/or encapsulated form.
  • Reinforcement material 3 consisting for example of natural fibers, nanofibers, mineral fillers or combinations of these, which are also located in the carrier material 2, bring about a mechanical or elastic reinforcement of the fertilizer arrangement 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a fertilizer arrangement 1 according to the invention introduced into loose soil material 8 (again shown here as a longitudinal section), which is arranged in the root area of a seedling 7 .
  • a moisture source 5 for example in the form of precipitation, irrigation and/or soil moisture, reaches the fertilizer arrangement 1 through the soil surface 6 and penetrates into the carrier material 2 of the fertilizer arrangement 1, in which the nutrients 4, embedded in the embodiment shown here as granules (larger circular structure).
  • the nutrients 4 are not released immediately, but initially only the water is absorbed and stored in the carrier material 2 is intended to symbolize the release of nutrients 4 and plant growth.
  • Figure 3 shows in area (B) of Figure 3 how the absorption of water from a moisture source 5 previously shown in Figure 2 continues to swell the fertilizer arrangement 1 and to disintegrate and dissolve the fertilizer arrangement 1 and to the release and dissolution of the embedded nutrients 4, which are embedded in the carrier material 2 in the form of granules (larger circular structure) in the embodiment shown here.
  • the release of the nutrients 4 from the granules is shown by star-shaped structures from which the nutrients 4, shown as smaller circular structures, are released.
  • the nutrients 4 are gradually released into the loose soil material 8 in the root area of the seedling 7 . This can now absorb the nutrients 4 unhindered via the root system 11 and use them to develop the plant 10 above the soil surface 6 .
  • FIG. 4 shows in area (C) of FIG. 4 how an increasing continuous release of the nutrients 4 takes place in the further course due to moisture continuing to penetrate. Shown here again as star-shaped structures with smaller circular structures emerging from the star-shaped structure. There is also dissolution and disintegration of the fertilizer assembly, shown as dashed lines. Along with this decay, there is a further continuous release of the nutrients 4 but also a release and decomposition of the reinforcing material 3 and the complete release and decomposition of the fertilizer arrangement 1 into the loose soil material 8 and increased uptake 11 by the plant 10.
  • Figure 5 shows under A a schematic cross-section through a fertilizer arrangement 1 as an endless roll 12 in the form of a rolled-up "fertilizer cord” or a rolled-up "wire” or a “tape” and under B a side view of an embodiment in which this fertilizer arrangement as a fertilizer cord / Wire or tape is rolled up on a carrier, comparable to a spool or cable drum.
  • a low melting temperature of this mixture helps during processing and should be carried out at the usual processing temperatures of around 100 -110°C to avoid nutrient losses during processing (e.g. N). This is particularly necessary with urea as a nitrogen supplier and its incorporation into polylactic acid at temperatures above 140°C, since urea thermally decomposes at these temperatures.
  • all of the components can be combined homogeneously using solvents, which may then require drying of the raw carrier material mass before further processing, or of the finished product.
  • the temperature, as well as possible solvents for processing the carrier material and/or its added macronutrients, micronutrients, auxiliary substances, microorganisms and/or additives must be selected in such a way that they do not degrade, inactivate or destroy the added macronutrients, micronutrients, auxiliary substances, microorganisms and/or additives.
  • the processing temperature of the materials for the carrier material can be influenced by the moisture content, for example, and can be in the range of 20-40°C in the case of added microorganisms and/or spores.
  • the processing and shaping (e.g. thick/thin/round/flat) of the carrier material into the product of the "fertilizer cords" can be carried out using extruders or thermal shaping.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un agencement d'engrais contenant au moins des nutriments ou sources de nutriment et caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'un matériau de support flexible ou d'une composition de différents matériaux de support ayant des propriétés flexibles et se présente sous forme de plaques, de chemins, de fils et/ou de cordes. L'invention concerne également un procédé de production de l'agencement d'engrais et un procédé de fertilisation de plantes, en particulier de plantes dans des cultures en rangs, qui est caractérisé par l'utilisation de l'agencement d'engrais selon l'invention.
PCT/DE2022/000091 2021-10-27 2022-08-12 Agencement d'engrais WO2023072326A1 (fr)

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DE102021005337.0 2021-10-27
DE102021005337.0A DE102021005337A1 (de) 2021-10-27 2021-10-27 Düngemittelanordnung

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