WO2023060798A1 - 一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机 - Google Patents

一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023060798A1
WO2023060798A1 PCT/CN2022/072512 CN2022072512W WO2023060798A1 WO 2023060798 A1 WO2023060798 A1 WO 2023060798A1 CN 2022072512 W CN2022072512 W CN 2022072512W WO 2023060798 A1 WO2023060798 A1 WO 2023060798A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
celery
cutting
conveying
frame
chassis
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PCT/CN2022/072512
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐忠
李鹏程
赵云飞
梁亚权
章浩
Original Assignee
江苏大学
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Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to GB2300566.3A priority Critical patent/GB2614968A/en
Publication of WO2023060798A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023060798A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/26—Harvesting of standing crops of cabbage or lettuce
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D57/00—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D57/20—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers with conveyor belts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D57/00—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D57/22—Delivering mechanisms for harvesters or mowers for standing stalks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D59/00—Equipment for binding harvested produce
    • A01D59/02—Packers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D67/00—Undercarriages or frames specially adapted for harvesters or mowers; Mechanisms for adjusting the frame; Platforms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D69/00—Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D69/06—Gearings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N15/00—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs
    • A23N15/04—Devices for topping fruit or vegetables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a self-propelled shallow digging root-cut celery combine harvester.
  • Celery is a vegetable commonly grown in many areas of our country.
  • the traditional harvesting method is to manually uproot the celery and then place it neatly, which is labor-intensive and low in harvesting efficiency.
  • celery has bigger root piece, is unfavorable for packing and transportation, and the operation of manually cutting the root has increased the amount of labor. Manual picking takes too much manpower, which not only increases its production cost, but also restricts the large-scale production of celery.
  • a Chinese patent with application number 201920449672.9 discloses a celery automatic harvester that utilizes tractor power to realize self-propelled operations, but it uses front and rear longitudinal conveyor belts and horizontal conveyor belts to convey. Celery tends to scatter easily. The structure of the header determines that its operation quality is poor and the work efficiency is low when harvesting the larger celery of planting density. Each cutter is driven by its own hydraulic motor, resulting in high energy consumption and complicated machine structure.
  • Application number is the disclosed celery harvester of the Chinese patent of 200420087797.5, this machine structure is ingenious, easy to operate, but the characteristic of its single row harvesting causes operating efficiency to be low.
  • the inclined angle of the conveyor belt has a poor clamping effect on the celery, and the cutting position of the cutter to the root is uncertain, resulting in poor operation quality and additional procedures.
  • the conveying and collecting device cannot achieve better orderly harvesting and collection, and the operation mode of manual walking and hand-held operation leads to increased labor intensity.
  • the present invention provides a self-propelled shallow digging root cutting celery combined harvester.
  • the transportation reduces the labor cost and labor intensity, improves the harvesting efficiency of celery, and provides a guarantee for the large-scale production of celery.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a self-propelled shallow digging and cutting celery combined harvester, including a harvesting and cutting device, a clamping and conveying device, a chassis running device and a transmission device; the harvesting and root cutting device is installed on the chassis running device The front end is located in front of the clamping and conveying device, and the clamping and conveying device is installed on the front part of the chassis traveling device; the transmission device is respectively connected with the harvesting root cutting device, the clamping and conveying device, and the chassis traveling device.
  • the harvesting root cutting device includes a frame, a shovel, a sieve, a grain dividing board, a conveyor belt, a first conveying roller, a second conveying roller, a cutting plate and a cutting mechanism;
  • the shovel is installed on Below the front end of the frame, the sieve is installed behind the shovel and hinged on the underside of the frame, the cutting plate is installed behind the sieve, one end of the dividing board is located in front of the shovel, and the other end is installed on the Cutting the front side of the board
  • the first conveyor roller is installed at the front end of the frame
  • the second conveyor roller is installed at the rear end of the frame
  • the conveyor belt is installed on the first conveyor roller and the second conveyor roller
  • the grain separating board and the conveyor belt are installed alternately in parallel, there is a gap between the grain separating board and the conveyor belt, several plate-shaped protrusions are set on the outer surface of the conveyor belt, and several through grooves matching the conveyor belt are arranged on the cutting plate.
  • the cutting mechanism includes a cutter and a cutter connecting rod; the cutter is installed under the through groove of the cutting plate, and the cutter connecting rod is installed on the cutter and connected with the transmission device.
  • the profiling wheel mechanism includes a profiling wheel, a wheel shaft, a support screw, an adjusting nut and a spring; the wheel shaft is installed on the underside of the frame, and the profiling wheel is installed on the wheel shaft , the supporting screw rod is installed on the underside of the frame and the axle, and the adjusting nut and spring are installed on the supporting screw rod.
  • the frame is connected to the chassis through the hinge, one end of the hydraulic rod is connected to the chassis, and the other end is connected to the frame.
  • the front end of the digging blade is provided with several triangular pyramids.
  • the clamping conveying device includes several third conveying rollers, several fourth conveying rollers, several clamping conveying belts, flexible reeling teeth, gears and conveying roller frames; two of the third conveying rollers are one The group is installed vertically on the chassis, the fourth conveying rollers are installed in pairs on the conveying roller frame horizontally, the conveying roller frame is installed on the chassis, and the clamping conveyor belts are installed in pairs On the third conveying roller and the fourth conveying roller, the upper end of the third conveying roller is equipped with flexible reeling teeth, and the lower end of the third conveying roller is equipped with gears, and the gears of each group of the third conveying rollers are meshed.
  • the flexible reeling teeth are provided with two arc-shaped teeth symmetrically arranged in the center.
  • the chassis walking device includes a chassis, a first bundling workbench, a second bundling workbench and a vegetable bundling box, and the first bundling workbench, the second bundling jobbench and the vegetable bundling box are installed on the chassis.
  • the transmission device includes an engine, a belt tensioning device, a two-axis gearbox, a universal joint, a three-axis gearbox, a first crank connecting rod and a second crank connecting rod;
  • the engine is arranged on the chassis, the belt tensioning device is installed in front of the engine, the two-axis gearbox is installed on the right side of the third conveying roller, and the universal joint is installed above the two-axis gearbox.
  • the three-axis gearbox is installed on the right rear part of the frame, the first crank connecting rod is installed under the three-axis gearbox, and the second crank connecting rod is installed on the right front part of the frame.
  • the power of the engine is transmitted to the two-axis gearbox and the three-axis gearbox, the two-axis gearbox drives the universal joint to rotate, and drives the pair of third conveying rollers to rotate; the upper extension shaft of the three-axis gearbox drives the second conveying roller When the roller rotates, the lower extension shaft drives the cutter connecting rod to swing through the first crank connecting rod; the three-axis gearbox transmits the power to the second crank connecting rod, and drives the screen to swing.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention has a simple structure, can maintain a good and consistent upright state during the transportation process, and can realize celery seedling pulling, orderly transportation and root cutting, which is different from the existing Compared with the underground root cutting technology, the present invention has good operation quality and reduces labor cost.
  • the invention transfers the celery harvested from the root-cutting device to the clamping and conveying device, and the clamping and conveying device drops the celery into the vegetable receiving box, thereby avoiding the disorder of the celery in the process of conveying and collecting.
  • a bundling workbench is arranged on the chassis, and the celery in the vegetable receiving box is bundled and then put into the vegetable bundling box, so as to realize the integrated operation from pulling seedlings to bundling and transporting.
  • the invention makes full use of the space resources of the machine, so that harvesting and bundling can be carried out at the same time, saving working time.
  • the structure of the whole machine is reasonable in the invention, and the power of the transmission device is used to realize the operation of the whole machine.
  • the invention can adjust the height of the harvesting and root cutting device and improve the operation quality.
  • the profiling wheel can assist in adjusting the height of the harvesting and root cutting device, improve the stability of the machine, buffer the impact of the ground on the machine, and reduce vibration.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of the self-propelled shallow root cutting celery combine harvester of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the self-propelled shallow digging root cutting celery combine harvester of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the harvesting and root cutting device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the harvesting and root cutting device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the earth-moving shovel of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sieve of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grain dividing board of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the conveyor belt of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a bottom view of the root cutting device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting plate of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the profiling wheel of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a front view of the clamping and conveying device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flexible batting teeth of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping conveyor belt of the present invention
  • Fig. 15 is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission device of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • a kind of self-propelled shallow excavation root cuts celery combined harvester comprises harvesting root cutting device 1, clamping conveyance device 2, chassis walking device 3 and transmission device 4; Said harvesting root cutting device 1 is installed on the front end of the chassis running device 3, and is located in front of the clamping and conveying device 2, and the clamping and conveying device 2 is installed on the front of the chassis running device 3; The conveying device 2 and the chassis running device 3 are connected.
  • described harvesting root cutting device 1 comprises frame 101, backhoe shovel 102, sieve 103, grain separating board 104, conveyer belt 105, first conveying roller 106, second conveying roller 107, cutting Plate 108, cutter 109, cutter connecting rod 110, profiling wheel 111, wheel axle 112, support screw rod 113, adjustment nut 114, spring 115, hydraulic rod 116 and hinge 117, described soil digging blade 102 is installed on frame 101 Below the front end of the sieve 103, the sieve 103 is installed behind the backhoe 102 and hinged on the middle section of the lower side of the frame 101, the cutting plate 108 is installed behind the sieve 103, and the grain dividing plate 104 is installed on the upper side of the cutting plate 108 , the cutter 109 is installed on the lower side of the cutting plate 108, the cutter link 110 is installed on the cutter 109, the first conveying roller 106 is installed on the front end of the frame 101, and the second conveying roller 107 is installed on
  • the structure of the whole machine is reasonable in the invention, and the power of the engine is used to realize the operation of the whole machine.
  • the height of the harvesting and root cutting device is adjusted by the hinge 117 and the hydraulic rod 116 to improve the operation quality.
  • the spring 115 on the profiling wheel 111 can assist in adjusting the height of the harvesting root cutting device, improve the stability of the machine, buffer the impact of the ground on the machine, and reduce vibration.
  • the front end of the digging shovel 102 is a plurality of triangular pyramids, which are designed to break the soil and facilitate pulling out the seedlings.
  • plate-shaped protrusions are arranged on the outer surface of the conveyor belt, and the distance between the plate-shaped protrusions is 5-8 cm.
  • the grain dividing boards 104 and conveyor belts 105 are installed alternately in parallel, and 5 conveyor belts are arranged in total. 105 and 6 grain dividing boards 104, there is a gap between the grain dividing board 104 and the conveyor belt 105.
  • the space formed by the plate-like protrusions, the conveyer belt and the grain dividing plate is used to constrain the celery in a vertical posture, and the conveyer belt rotates to transport the celery from the front end of the harvesting root cutting device to the rear end.
  • the axle 112 and the supporting screw 113 are hinged on the frame 101, the middle section of the axle 112 is provided with a through hole, the adjusting nut 114 and the spring 115 are sleeved on the supporting screw 113, and the spring 115 is a compression spring .
  • the adjusting nut 114 and the spring 115 are used to limit the position of the wheel shaft 112. When the ground impacts the profiling wheel 111, the wheel shaft 112 swings and compresses the spring 115 to buffer the ground impact.
  • the adjusting nut 114 is used for adjusting the height of the profiling wheel 111 .
  • five trapezoidal grooves penetrating up and down are arranged in parallel on the cutting plate 108 , and the two ends of the five cutting knives 109 are hinged on the cutting plate 108 and the knife connecting rod 110 .
  • the trapezoidal groove through which the cutting board 108 penetrates is used to penetrate the root system of celery, and the shearing action formed by the swinging cutter 109 and the cutting board 108 cuts off the root system of celery.
  • the harvesting and root cutting device has a simple structure, can maintain a good and consistent upright state during transportation, and can realize celery seedling pulling, orderly transportation and root cutting.
  • the soil digging shovel 102 that has triangular pyramid can break soil and excavate celery, utilize the shake of sieve 103 to remove soil and impurity on root system and stem and leaf, guarantee operating effect.
  • the root system is excised by the cutting board 108 and the cutting knife 109, and the root cutting position is accurately controlled. Compared with the existing underground root cutting technology, the invention has good operation quality and reduces labor cost.
  • the clamping and conveying device 2 includes a third conveying roller 201, a fourth conveying roller 202, a clamping conveying belt 203, a flexible reeling tooth 204, a gear 205, a conveying roller frame 206 and a vegetable picker.
  • the third conveying rollers 201 are installed vertically on the chassis 301 in pairs, the fourth conveying rollers 202 are installed horizontally on the conveying roller frame 206 in pairs, and the third conveying rollers 201 is installed on the chassis 301, the fourth conveying roller 202 is installed on the conveying roller frame 206, the conveying roller frame 206 is installed on the chassis 301, and the clamping conveyor belt 203 is installed on the third conveying roller 201 and the second conveying roller 201
  • the upper end of the third conveying roller 201 is equipped with flexible batting teeth 204, and the lower end of the third conveying roller 201 is equipped with a gear 205, and the gears 205 of each group of the third conveying rollers 201 are meshed, and the connecting Vegetable box 207 is installed on the chassis 301.
  • the flexible reel teeth 204 are set on the third conveying roller 201 and are made of rubber with relatively high elasticity.
  • the two teeth form a central symmetry, and the teeth have radians.
  • Two flexible bat teeth 204 on the 201 are installed vertically.
  • the third conveying rollers 201 are arranged in pairs, and the lower ends of each pair of third conveying rollers 201 are provided with meshing gears 205 .
  • the flexible reeling teeth 204 move the celery conveyed by the conveyor belt 105 of the harvesting root cutting device 1 to the clamping conveyor belt 203, and the posture of the clamping conveyor belt 203 is reversed to change the posture of the celery from vertical to horizontal.
  • the gear 205 makes the rotation directions of the two third conveying rollers 201 opposite.
  • the interior of the vegetable receiving box 207 is 3 spaces, which are used to place the celery conveyed by different clamping conveyor belts 203, so as to ensure that the celery is placed in order and will not be scattered.
  • the first binding workbench 302 and the second binding workbench 303 are used for manual riding, which provides convenience for manual binding work, and a ladder is set near the first binding workbench 302 and the second binding workbench 303.
  • the rotation of the flexible reel teeth 204 of the clamping conveying device transfers the celery conveyed by the conveyor belt 105 of the harvesting root cutting device to the clamping conveyor belt 203, and the posture of the clamping conveyor belt 203 is twisted to change the attitude of the celery from vertical to vertical. Become horizontal, and the celery on the clamping conveyor belt 203 falls into different spaces of the vegetable receiving box 207, and is automatically placed neatly, avoiding the disorder of the celery in the conveying and collecting process.
  • the chassis traveling device 3 includes a chassis 301, a first and a third binding workbench 02, a second and a third binding workbench 03 and a vegetable binding box 304, and the first binding workbench 302 , the second binding workbench 303 and the vegetable binding box 304 are installed on the chassis 301, the first binding workbench 302 is arranged on the right side of the vegetable receiving box 207, and the second binding workbench 303 is arranged on the vegetable receiving box
  • the rear of box 207, described vegetable bundle box 304 is arranged on the right side of the 3rd bundling workbench 03.
  • the present invention is provided with two binding workbenches on chassis 301, is distributed in the rear side and the right side of the vegetable receiving box.
  • the celery in the vegetable receiving box is bundled manually and put into the vegetable bundle box to realize the integrated operation from pulling seedlings to bundling and transporting.
  • This structure makes full use of the space resources of the machine, so that harvesting and bundling can be carried out at the same time, saving working time.
  • the transmission device 4 includes an engine 401, a belt tensioner 402, a two-axis gearbox 403, a universal joint 404, a three-axis gearbox 405, a first crank connecting rod 406 and a second crank connecting rod 407, the engine 401 is installed on the chassis 301, the belt tensioner 402 is installed in front of the engine 401, the two-axis gearbox 403 is installed on the right side of the third conveying roller 201, and the universal joint 404 is installed Above the two-axis gearbox 403, the three-axis gearbox 405 is installed on the right rear part of the frame 101, the first crank connecting rod 406 is installed below the three-axis gearbox 405, and the second crank The connecting rod 407 is mounted on the right front of the frame 101 .
  • the power of the engine 401 is transmitted to the two-axis gearbox 403 and the three-axis gearbox 405 through the belt transmission, the two-axis gearbox 403 drives the universal joint 404 to rotate, and drives one of the paired third conveying rollers 201 to rotate through the belt transmission, Utilize gear 205 to drive another third conveying roller 201 to rotate;
  • the upper extension shaft of three-axis gear box 405 drives the second conveying roller 107 to rotate through belt transmission, and the lower extension shaft drives the cutter chain through the first crank connecting rod 406.
  • the rod 110 swings; the three-axis gearbox 405 transmits power to the second crank connecting rod 407 through belt transmission, and drives the screen 103 to swing.
  • the length of the hydraulic rod 116 is adjusted, the height of the harvesting root cutting device 1 is adjusted to a suitable position, and then the height of the profiling wheel 111 is adjusted by the adjusting nut 114, so that the digging The penetration depth of shovel 102 is moderate.
  • the grain dividing plate 104 divides the celery to be harvested into rows, the earth digging shovel 102 scoops up the celery and the soil, and the plate-like protrusions on the rotating conveyor belt 105 divide the row of celery into single or a few Several trees are transported backwards.
  • the vibrating sieve 103 makes the soil and impurities on the celery root system fall to the ground through the sieve 103, and when the celery is transported backward along the trapezoidal groove on the cutting board 108, the root system extends downward through the trapezoidal groove, and the cutting knife
  • the connecting rod 110 drives the cutter 109 to swing, and cuts off the celery root system by shearing.
  • the celery is transported to the rear end of the harvesting and root-cutting device 1 by the conveyor belt 105, and the flexible reel 204 is rotated to move the celery to the middle of the third conveyor rollers 201 that rotate in opposite directions, and the two conveyor belts 203 that rotate in opposite directions
  • the celery is clamped and conveyed backward, and the attitude of the clamping conveyor belt 203 is reversed to change the attitude of the celery from vertical to horizontal, and then the celery falls into the space inside the vegetable receiving box 207 .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，包括收获切根装置、夹持输送装置、底盘行走装置和传动装置；收获切根装置安装在底盘行走装置的前端，位于夹持输送装置的前方，夹持输送装置安装在底盘行走装置前部；传动装置分别与收获切根装置、夹持输送装置、底盘行走装置连接。该机器结构巧妙，机械化程度高，通过此收获机能实现芹菜的拔苗、切根、有序输送、扎捆和运输，降低了人工成本和劳动强度，提高了芹菜收获效率，为芹菜的大规模生产提供了保障。

Description

一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机 技术领域
本发明属于农业机械技术领域，尤其涉及一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机。
背景技术
我国是蔬菜生产大国，蔬菜生产是农业产业的重要组成部分，随着农村产业结构的调整和蔬菜产业的发展，对蔬菜生产机械的需求日益提高。芹菜是我国很多地区普遍种植的蔬菜，传统的收获方式是通过人工将芹菜连根拔起，然后整齐摆放，劳动强度大，收获效率低。且芹菜带有较大的根块，不利于包装和运输，人工切根的工序增加了劳动量。人工采摘占用了太多的人力，不仅增加其生产成本，也制约了芹菜的规模化生产。
近年陆续出现了一些试图解决芹菜收获的设计，但其作业效果均达不到相关技应用要求，仍然存在机械结构不合理、作业效率低和实用性差等问题，致使机具利用率低、难以推广使用。检索可知，申请号为201721300909.4的中国专利公开的一种行对齐芹菜收获机，能实现芹菜的收获、切根和收集，但手扶的操作方式导致劳动强度大，单行收获效率低，对芹菜的种植方式要求高。只能进行行对齐的芹菜进行收获，机器适应性较差。申请号为201920449672.9的中国专利公开的一种芹菜自动收获机，利用拖拉机的动力能实现自走式作业，但其采用前、后纵向输送带和横向输送带的输送方式，在输送至末端收集时芹菜易散乱。割台的结构决定了其在收获种植密度较大的芹菜时作业质量差，工作效率低。其各个割刀由各自的液压马达驱动，导致能耗较高，机器结构复杂。申请号为200420087797.5的中国专利公开的芹菜收获机，该机器结构巧妙，操作方便，但其单行收获的特点导致作业效率低。其输送带倾斜的角度对芹菜的夹持效果较差，割刀对根的切割位置不确定，致使作业质量差，会增加额外的工序。输送和收集装置不能实现较好的有序收获和收集，人工行走手扶的操作方式导致劳动强度增加。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，该机器结构巧妙，机械化程度高，通过此收获机能实现芹菜的拔苗、切根、有序输送、扎捆和运输，降低了人工成本和劳动强度，提高了芹菜收获效率，为芹菜的大规模生产提供了保障。
本发明的技术方案是：一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，包括收获切根装置、夹持输送装置、底盘行走装置和传动装置；所述收获切根装置安装在底盘行走装置的前端，位于夹持输送装置的前方，所述夹持输送装置安装在底盘行走装置前部；所述传动装置分别与收获切根 装置、夹持输送装置、底盘行走装置连接。
上述方案中，所述收获切根装置包括机架、掘土铲、筛、分禾板、输送带、第一输送辊、第二输送辊、切割板和切割机构；所述掘土铲安装在机架的前端下方，所述筛安装在掘土铲后方并铰接在机架下侧，所述切割板安装在筛后方，所述分禾板的一端位于掘土铲的前方，另一端安装在切割板的前侧，所述第一输送辊安装在机架的前端，所述第二输送辊安装在机架的后端，所述输送带安装在第一输送辊和第二输送辊上，分禾板和输送带平行交替安装，分禾板和输送带之间有间隙，所述输送带外表面设置若干个板状凸起，切割板上设有若干与输送带配合的通槽，所述切割机构安装在切割板的通槽下方。
进一步的，所述切割机构包括割刀和割刀连杆；所述割刀安装在切割板的通槽下方，所述割刀连杆安装在割刀上，且与传动装置连接。
进一步的，还包括仿形轮机构；所述仿形轮机构包括仿形轮、轮轴、支承螺杆、调节螺母和弹簧；所述轮轴安装在机架下侧，所述仿形轮安装在轮轴上，所述支承螺杆安装在机架下侧和轮轴上，所述调节螺母和弹簧安装在支承螺杆上。
进一步的，还包括液压杆和铰链；所述机架通过和铰链与底盘连接，所述液压杆的一端与底盘连接，另一端与机架连接。
进一步的，所述掘土铲的前端设有若干个三棱锥。
上述方案中，所述夹持输送装置包括若干第三输送辊、若干第四输送辊、若干夹持输送带、柔性拨禾齿、齿轮和输送辊架；所述第三输送辊两两为一组竖直安装在底盘上，所述第四输送辊两两为一组水平安装在输送辊架上，所述输送辊架安装在底盘上，所述夹持输送带两两为一组安装在第三输送辊和第四输送辊上，所述第三输送辊的上端安装有柔性拨禾齿，第三输送辊的下端安装有齿轮，每组第三输送辊的齿轮啮合。
进一步的，所述柔性拨禾齿设有两个中心对称布置的弧形齿。
上述方案中，所述底盘行走装置包括底盘、第一扎捆工作台、第二扎捆工作台和菜捆箱，所述第一扎捆工作台、第二扎捆工作台和菜捆箱安装在底盘上。
上述方案中，所述传动装置包括发动机、皮带张紧装置、两轴齿轮箱、万向节、三轴齿轮箱、第一曲柄连杆和第二曲柄连杆；
所述发动机设置在底盘上，所述皮带张紧装置安装在发动机的前方，所述两轴齿轮箱安装在第三输送辊的右边，所述万向节安装在两轴齿轮箱的上方，所述三轴齿轮箱安装在机架的右侧后部，所述第一曲柄连杆安装在三轴齿轮箱的下方，所述第二曲柄连杆安装在机架的右侧前部。所述发动机的动力传递到两轴齿轮箱和三轴齿轮箱，两轴齿轮箱带动万向节转动，驱动成对的第三输送辊转动；三轴齿轮箱的上伸出轴驱动第二输送辊转动，下伸出轴通过第一曲柄连杆 带动割刀连杆摆动；三轴齿轮箱将动力传递到第二曲柄连杆，并带动筛摆动。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明结构简单，在输送的过程中能够保持良好、一致的直立状态，能实现芹菜拔苗、有序输送和切根，与现有的土下切根技术相比，本发明作业质量好，减少人工成本。本发明将收获切根装置的芹菜过渡到夹持输送装置上，夹持输送装置将芹菜落入接菜箱，避免了输送和收集过程中芹菜的杂乱无章。本发明在底盘上设置扎捆工作台，将接菜箱内芹菜扎捆后放入菜捆箱内，实现从拔苗到扎捆运送的集成作业。本发明充分利用机器的空间资源，使收获和扎捆同时进行，节约作业时间。本发明整机结构合理，利用传动装置的动力实现整机运行。本发明能够调节收获切根装置的高度，提高作业质量。仿形轮能辅助调节收获切根装置的高度，提高机器的稳定性，缓冲地面对机器的冲击，减少振动。
附图说明
图1是本发明自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机侧视图。
图2是本发明自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机总体结构示意图。
图3是本发明收获切根装置结构示意图。
图4是本发明收获切根装置仰视图。
图5是本发明掘土铲结构示意图。
图6是本发明筛结构示意图。
图7是本发明分禾板结构示意图。
图8是本发明输送带装配结构示意图。
图9是本发明切根装置仰视图。
图10是本发明切割板结构示意图。
图11是本发明仿形轮装配结构示意图。
图12是本发明夹持输送装置主视图。
图13是本发明柔性拨禾齿结构示意图。
图14是本发明夹持输送带结构示意图
图15是本发明传动装置结构示意图。
其中，1.收获切根装置；101.机架；102.掘土铲；103.筛；104.分禾板；105.输送带；106.第一输送辊；107.第二输送辊；108.切割板；109.割刀；110.割刀连杆；111.仿形轮；112.轮轴；113.支承螺杆；114.调节螺母；115.弹簧；116液压杆；117.铰链；2.夹持输送装置；201.第三输送辊；202.第四输送辊；203.夹持输送带；204.柔性拨禾齿；205.齿轮；206.输送辊架；207.接菜箱；3.底盘行走装置；301.底盘；302.第一扎捆工作台；303.第二扎捆工作台；304.菜捆箱；4.传动装置；401.发动机；402.皮带张紧装置；403.两轴齿轮箱；404.万向节；405.三轴齿轮箱；406.第一曲柄连杆；407.第二曲柄连杆。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“轴向”、“径向”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1、2所示，一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，包括收获切根装置1、夹持输送装置2、底盘行走装置3和传动装置4；所述收获切根装置1安装在底盘行走装置3的前端，位于夹持输送装置2的前方，所述夹持输送装置2安装在底盘行走装置3前部；所述传动装置4分别与收获切根装置1、夹持输送装置2、底盘行走装置3连接。
如图3—11所示，所述收获切根装置1包括机架101、掘土铲102、筛103、分禾板104、输送带105、第一输送辊106、第二输送辊107、切割板108、割刀109、割刀连杆110、仿形轮111、轮轴112、支承螺杆113、调节螺母114、弹簧115、液压杆116和铰链117，所述掘土铲102安装在机架101的前端下方，所述筛103安装在掘土铲102后方并铰接在机架101下侧中段，所述切割板108安装在筛103后方，所述分禾板104安装在切割板108的上侧，所述割刀109安装在切割板108的下侧，所述割刀连杆110安装在割刀109上，所述第一输送辊106安装在机架101的前端，所述第二输送辊107安装在机架101的后端，所述输送带105安装在第一输送辊106和第二输送辊107上，分禾板104和输送带105平行交替安装，分禾板104和输送带105之间有间隙，所述输送带105外表面设置若干个板状凸起，切割板108上设有若干与输送带105配合的通槽，所述切割机构安装在切割板108的通槽下方；所述轮轴112安装 在机架101下侧，所述仿形轮111安装在轮轴112上，所述支承螺杆113安装在机架101下侧和轮轴112上，所述调节螺母114和弹簧115安装在支承螺杆113上，所述机架101通过和铰链117与底盘301连接，所述液压杆116的一端与底盘301连接，另一端与机架101连接。本发明整机结构合理，利用发动机的动力实现整机运行。通过铰链117和液压杆116调节收获切根装置的高度，提高作业质量。仿形轮111上的弹簧115能辅助调节收获切根装置的高度，提高机器的稳定性，缓冲地面对机器的冲击，减少振动。
如图5所示，所述掘土铲102的前端为若干个三棱锥，此设计用于破碎土壤，方便拔苗。
如图3、8所示，输送带外表面设置板状凸起，板状凸起的间距为5—8厘米，所述分禾板104和输送带105平行交替安装，共设置5个输送带105和6个分禾板104，分禾板104和输送带105之间有间隙。板状凸起与输送带和分禾板构成的空间用于约束竖直姿态的芹菜，输送带转动将芹菜从收获切根装置的前端输送到后端。
如图11所示，所述轮轴112和支承螺杆113铰接在机架101上，所述轮轴112中段设置通孔，所述调节螺母114和弹簧115套装在支承螺杆113上，弹簧115为压缩弹簧。调节螺母114和弹簧115用于限定轮轴112的位置，地面对仿形轮111有冲击时，轮轴112摆动并压缩弹簧115，缓冲地面冲击。调节螺母114用于调节仿形轮111的高度。
如图9、10所示，所述切割板108上平行设置5个上下贯穿的梯形槽，5个割刀109的两端均铰接在切割板108和割刀连杆110上。切割板108贯穿的梯形槽用于透过芹菜根系，摆动的割刀109与切割板108形成的剪切作用切断芹菜根系。
所述收获切根装置结构简单，在输送的过程中能够保持良好、一致的直立状态，能实现芹菜拔苗、有序输送和切根。带有三棱锥的掘土铲102能将土壤破碎并挖掘出芹菜，利用筛103的抖动去除根系和茎叶上的土壤和杂质，保证作业效果。通过切割板108和割刀109切除根系，准确控制切根位置。与现有的土下切根技术相比，本发明作业质量好，减少人工成本。
如图12—14所示，所述夹持输送装置2包括第三输送辊201、第四输送辊202、夹持输送带203、柔性拨禾齿204、齿轮205、输送辊架206和接菜箱207，所述第三输送辊201两两为一组竖直安装在底盘301上，所述第四输送辊202两两为一组水平安装在输送辊架206上，所述第三输送辊201安装在底盘301上，所述第四输送辊202安装在输送辊架206上，所述输送辊架206安装在底盘301上，所述夹持输送带203安装在第三输送辊201和第四输送辊202上，所述第三输送辊201的上端安装有柔性拨禾齿204，第三输送辊201的下端安装有齿轮205，每组第三输送辊201的齿轮205啮合，所述接菜箱207安装在底盘301上。
如图12—14所示，所述柔性拨禾齿204套装在第三输送辊201上，采用弹性较大的橡胶制成，两个齿形成中心对称，齿具有弧度，每对第三输送辊201上的两个柔性拨禾齿204垂 直安装。所述第三输送辊201成对设置，每对第三输送辊201的下端设置啮合的齿轮205。柔性拨禾齿204将收获切根装置1的输送带105输送的芹菜拨动过渡到夹持输送带203上，夹持输送带203的姿态扭转将芹菜的姿态从竖直变为水平，啮合的齿轮205使得两个第三输送辊201的转动方向相反。
如图2所示，所述接菜箱207的内部为3个空格，用于放置不同夹持输送带203输送的芹菜，保证芹菜顺序放置，不至于散乱。所述第一扎捆工作台302和第二扎捆工作台303用于人工乘坐，为人工扎捆工作提供便利，第一扎捆工作台302和第二扎捆工作台303的附近设置爬梯在底盘301上。
所述夹持输送装置的柔性拨禾齿204的转动将收获切根装置的输送带105输送的芹菜过渡到夹持输送带203上，夹持输送带203的姿态扭转将芹菜的姿态从竖直变为水平，夹持输送带203上的芹菜落入接菜箱207的不同空格内，自动摆放整齐，避免了输送和收集过程中芹菜的杂乱无章。
如图2所示，所述底盘行走装置3包括底盘301、第一第三扎捆工作台02、第二第三扎捆工作台03和菜捆箱304，所述第一扎捆工作台302、第二扎捆工作台303和菜捆箱304安装在底盘301上，所述第一扎捆工作台302设置在接菜箱207的右边，所述第二扎捆工作台303设置在接菜箱207的后方，所述菜捆箱304设置在第三扎捆工作台03的右边。本发明在底盘301上设置了两个扎捆工作台，分布在接菜箱的后侧和右侧。工作时，由人工将接菜箱内芹菜扎捆后放入菜捆箱内，实现从拔苗到扎捆运送的集成作业。此结构充分利用机器的空间资源，使收获和扎捆同时进行，节约作业时间。
如图15所示，所述传动装置4包括发动机401、皮带张紧装置402、两轴齿轮箱403、万向节404、三轴齿轮箱405、第一曲柄连杆406和第二曲柄连杆407，所述发动机401设置在底盘301上，所述皮带张紧装置402安装在发动机401的前方，所述两轴齿轮箱403安装在第三输送辊201的右边，所述万向节404安装在两轴齿轮箱403的上方，所述三轴齿轮箱405安装在机架101的右侧后部，所述第一曲柄连杆406安装在三轴齿轮箱405的下方，所述第二曲柄连杆407安装在机架101的右侧前部。发动机401的动力通过带传动传递到两轴齿轮箱403和三轴齿轮箱405，两轴齿轮箱403带动万向节404转动，通过带传动驱动成对的第三输送辊201中的一个转动，在利用齿轮205驱动另一个第三输送辊201转动；三轴齿轮箱405的上伸出轴通过带传动驱动第二输送辊107转动，下伸出轴通过第一曲柄连杆406带动割刀连杆110摆动；三轴齿轮箱405通过带传动将动力传递到第二曲柄连杆407，并带动筛103摆动。
具体使用时，根据待收获的芹菜的种植情况，调节液压杆116的长度，将收获切根装置1 的高度调整到合适位置，再通过调节螺母114调整好仿形轮111的高度，使得掘土铲102的入土深度适中。机器前进工作过程中，分禾板104将待收获的芹菜划分成行，掘土铲102将芹菜和土壤铲起，转动的输送带105上的板状凸起将成行的芹菜分为单棵或少数若干棵并向后输送。输送过程中，抖动的筛103使得芹菜根系上的土壤和杂质透过筛103落到地面，芹菜沿着切割板108上的梯形槽向后输送时，根系透过梯形槽伸向下方，割刀连杆110带动割刀109摆动，通过剪切作用切断芹菜根系。芹菜被输送带105输送到收获切根装置1的后端，转动柔性拨禾齿204将芹菜拨到两个转动方向相反的第三输送辊201中间，两个转动方向相反的夹持输送带203将芹菜夹持并向后输送，夹持输送带203的姿态扭转将芹菜的姿态从竖直变为水平，然后芹菜落入接菜箱207内部的空格中。通过人工在第一扎捆工作台302和第二扎捆工作台303上将芹菜扎捆后放置在菜捆箱304内。完成一定的工作量后，机器到达指定地点卸载菜捆。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，其特征在于，包括收获切根装置(1)、夹持输送装置(2)、底盘行走装置(3)和传动装置(4)；所述收获切根装置(1)安装在底盘行走装置(3)的前端，位于夹持输送装置(2)的前方，所述夹持输送装置(2)安装在底盘行走装置(3)前部；所述传动装置(4)分别与收获切根装置(1)、夹持输送装置(2)、底盘行走装置(3)连接；
    所述收获切根装置(1)包括机架(101)、掘土铲(102)、筛(103)、分禾板(104)、输送带(105)、第一输送辊(106)、第二输送辊(107)、切割板(108)和切割机构；
    所述掘土铲(102)安装在机架(101)的前端下方，所述筛(103)安装在掘土铲(102)后方并铰接在机架(101)下侧，所述切割板(108)安装在筛(103)后方，所述分禾板(104)的一端位于掘土铲(102)的前方，另一端安装在切割板(108)的前侧，所述第一输送辊(106)安装在机架(101)的前端，所述第二输送辊(107)安装在机架(101)的后端，所述输送带(105)安装在第一输送辊(106)和第二输送辊(107)上，分禾板(104)和输送带(105)平行交替安装，分禾板(104)和输送带(105)之间有间隙，所述输送带(105)外表面设置若干个板状凸起，切割板(108)上设有若干与输送带(105)配合的通槽，所述切割机构安装在切割板(108)的通槽下方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，其特征在于，所述切割机构包括割刀(109)和割刀连杆(110)；所述割刀(109)安装在切割板(108)的通槽下方，所述割刀连杆(110)安装在割刀(109)上，且与传动装置(4)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，其特征在于，还包括仿形轮机构；所述仿形轮机构包括仿形轮(111)、轮轴(112)、支承螺杆(113)、调节螺母(114)和弹簧(115)；所述轮轴(112)安装在机架(101)下侧，所述仿形轮(111)安装在轮轴(112)上，所述支承螺杆(113)安装在机架(101)下侧和轮轴(112)上，所述调节螺母(114)和弹簧(115)安装在支承螺杆(113)上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，其特征在于，还包括液压杆(116)和铰链(117)；所述机架(101)通过和铰链(117)与底盘(301)连接，所述液压杆(116)的一端与底盘(301)连接，另一端与机架(101)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，其特征在于，所述掘土铲(102)的前端设有若干个三棱锥。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，其特征在于，所述夹持输送装置(2)包括若干第三输送辊(201)、若干第四输送辊(202)、若干夹持输送带(203)、柔性拨禾齿(204)、齿轮(205)和输送辊架(206)；
    所述第三输送辊(201)两两为一组竖直安装在底盘(301)上，所述第四输送辊(202)两两为一组水平安装在输送辊架(206)上，所述输送辊架(206)安装在底盘(301)上，所述夹持输送带(203)两两为一组安装在第三输送辊(201)和第四输送辊(202)上，所述第三输送辊(201)的上端安装有柔性拨禾齿(204)，第三输送辊(201)的下端安装有齿轮(205)，每组第三输送辊(201)的齿轮(205)啮合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，其特征在于，所述柔性拨禾齿(204)设有两个中心对称布置的弧形齿。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，其特征在于，所述底盘行走装置(3)包括底盘(301)、第一扎捆工作台(302)、第二扎捆工作台(303)和菜捆箱(304)，所述第一扎捆工作台(302)、第二扎捆工作台(303)和菜捆箱(304)安装在底盘(301)上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机，其特征在于，所述传动装置(4)包括发动机(401)、皮带张紧装置(402)、两轴齿轮箱(403)、万向节(404)、三轴齿轮箱(405)、第一曲柄连杆(406)和第二曲柄连杆(407)；
    所述发动机(401)设置在底盘(301)上，所述皮带张紧装置(402)安装在发动机(401)的前方，所述两轴齿轮箱(403)安装在第三输送辊(201)的右边，所述万向节(404)安装在两轴齿轮箱(403)的上方，所述三轴齿轮箱(405)安装在机架(101)的右侧后部，所述第一曲柄连杆(406)安装在三轴齿轮箱(405)的下方，所述第二曲柄连杆(407)安装在机架(101)的右侧前部。所述发动机(401)的动力传递到两轴齿轮箱(403)和三轴齿轮箱(405)，两轴齿轮箱(403)带动万向节(404)转动，驱动成对的第三输送辊(201)转动；三轴齿轮箱(405)的上伸出轴驱动第二输送辊(107)转动，下伸出轴通过第一曲柄连杆(406)带动割刀连杆(110)摆动；三轴齿轮箱(405)将动力传递到第二曲柄连杆(407)，并带动筛(103)摆动。
PCT/CN2022/072512 2021-10-13 2022-01-18 一种自走式浅掘根切芹菜联合收获机 WO2023060798A1 (zh)

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