WO2023054504A1 - 固体電解コンデンサ及び製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電解コンデンサ及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023054504A1 WO2023054504A1 PCT/JP2022/036245 JP2022036245W WO2023054504A1 WO 2023054504 A1 WO2023054504 A1 WO 2023054504A1 JP 2022036245 W JP2022036245 W JP 2022036245W WO 2023054504 A1 WO2023054504 A1 WO 2023054504A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/028—Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/0425—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material specially adapted for cathode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/055—Etched foil electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/145—Liquid electrolytic capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid electrolytic capacitor containing an electrolytic solution and a conductive polymer in an electrolyte layer, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Electrolytic capacitors are equipped with valve metals such as tantalum or aluminum as anode and cathode foils.
- the anode foil is expanded by forming a valve metal into a sintered body or an etched foil, and has a dielectric oxide film layer on the expanded surface.
- An electrolytic capacitor can be regarded as a series capacitor in which capacitance is developed on the anode side and the cathode side. Therefore, the capacity on the cathode side is also very important for efficient utilization of the capacity on the anode side.
- the cathode foil is also etched to increase the surface area.
- a film of a metal nitride such as titanium nitride is formed on the cathode foil.
- titanium is evaporated by a vacuum arc deposition method, which is a kind of ion plating method, and titanium nitride is deposited on the surface of the cathode foil.
- the metal nitride is inert, it is difficult to form a natural oxide film, and the cathode side capacity theoretically asymptotically approaches infinity.
- the vapor deposition film is formed with minute irregularities, and the surface area of the cathode is enlarged.
- Electrolyte intervenes between the anode foil and the cathode foil.
- the electrolyte is in close contact with the uneven surface of the anode foil and functions as a true cathode.
- the electrolytic solution uses, for example, ethylene glycol or ⁇ -butyrolactone as a solvent, and contains carboxylic acids such as 1,6-decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,7-octanedicarboxylic acid and azelaic acid or salts thereof as solutes.
- Evaporation occurs in the electrolytic solution, in which it escapes to the outside of the electrolytic capacitor over time.
- the capacitance of the electrolytic capacitor decreases over time toward dry-up, and the tangent (tan ⁇ ) of the loss angle increases over time, finally reaching the end of its life.
- electrolytic capacitors in which a conductive polymer is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil are often used instead of the electrolytic solution.
- Conductive polymers are derived from monomers with ⁇ -conjugated double bonds and doped with external dopant molecules. Examples of this conductive polymer include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Dopants include polystyrene sulfonic acid.
- electrolytic capacitors with a solid electrolyte are less effective in repairing defects in the dielectric oxide film than electrolytic capacitors with an electrolytic solution. Therefore, so-called hybrid type electrolytic capacitors in which a solid electrolyte is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil and are impregnated with an electrolytic solution are attracting attention.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor has a large capacity compared to a film capacitor or a ceramic capacitor, and has good ESR because the conductive polymer has high conductivity. For this reason, solid electrolytic capacitors are being used in many cases, for example, for high-frequency smoothing applications. In recent years, digital equipment has come to operate in a high frequency range exceeding several tens of kHz, and it is demanded that the solid electrolytic capacitor also have a low ESR in the high frequency range.
- the present invention has been proposed to solve the above problems, and the object thereof is to provide a solid electrolytic capacitor that exhibits low ESR even in a high frequency region and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the solid electrolytic capacitor of the present embodiment is made of a valve metal and includes an anode foil having a dielectric oxide film formed on the surface thereof, a cathode body facing the anode foil, and the anode foil.
- the phosphoric acid compound may be one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of dibutyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphite, and tributyl phosphite.
- the conductive layer may contain a carbon material, titanium, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, and composites or mixtures thereof.
- the amount of the phosphoric acid compound may be 4 mmol or more per 100 g of the electrolytic solution.
- the amount of the phosphoric acid compound may be 4 mmol or more and 16 mmol or less per 100 g of the electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution may contain one or more selected from the group of ethylene glycol, glycerin and sulfolane.
- the cathode foil may have a surface-enlarging layer on the surface of the cathode foil, and the conductive layer may be formed in the shape of the surface-enlarging layer.
- a method for manufacturing a solid electrolytic capacitor of the present embodiment is a method for manufacturing a solid electrolytic capacitor including an anode foil, a cathode body and an electrolyte layer, wherein the surface of the cathode foil containing a valve action metal is A step of preparing the cathode body by forming a conductive layer on the substrate, an electrolytic solution preparation step of preparing an electrolytic solution containing a phosphoric acid compound having an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the electrolytic solution and an electrolyte layer forming step of forming the electrolyte layer by interposing a conductive polymer between the anode foil and the cathode body.
- the solid electrolytic capacitor has a low ESR at least in the high frequency range.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing ESR at each elapsed time of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing ESR at each elapsed time in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 4.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing ESR at each elapsed time in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 4.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor according to an embodiment will be described below.
- this invention is not limited to embodiment described below.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor is a passive element that stores and discharges electric charges by obtaining capacitance from the dielectric polarization action of a dielectric oxide film.
- This solid electrolytic capacitor is formed by housing a capacitor element in a case and sealing the case opening with a sealing member.
- a capacitor element comprises an anode foil, a cathode foil, a separator and an electrolyte layer.
- the anode foil and the cathode body face each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and are wound or laminated.
- a dielectric oxide film is formed on the surface of the anode foil.
- the electrolyte layer is composed of a solid electrolyte layer containing a conductive polymer and an electrolytic solution.
- the solid electrolyte layer is interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil and adheres to the dielectric oxide film.
- the electrolytic solution impregnates the voids of the capacitor element in which the solid electrolyte layer is formed.
- the anode foil is a long foil body made by stretching a valve action metal.
- Valve metals include aluminum, tantalum, niobium, niobium oxide, titanium, hafnium, zirconium, zinc, tungsten, bismuth and antimony.
- the purity of the anode foil is desirably 99.9% or higher, but it may contain impurities such as silicon, iron, copper, magnesium and zinc.
- the surface of the anode foil is enlarged as a molded body obtained by molding the powder of the valve metal, a sintered body obtained by sintering the molded body, or an etched foil obtained by etching a rolled foil.
- the spreading structure consists of tunnel-like pits, spongy pits, or voids between dense particles.
- the expanded surface structure is typically formed by direct current or alternating current etching or alternating current etching in an acidic aqueous solution in which halogen ions such as hydrochloric acid are present, or by depositing or sintering metal particles or the like on the core. It is formed by Incidentally, the etching pits may be formed so as to penetrate the anode foil.
- the dielectric oxide film is typically an oxide film formed on the surface layer of the anode foil.
- the dielectric oxide film is aluminum oxide with an oxidized surface expansion structure.
- a dielectric oxide film is formed by chemical conversion treatment in which a voltage is applied in an aqueous solution of adipic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, or the like.
- the cathode body includes a cathode foil, which is a foil body obtained by stretching a valve action metal.
- the cathode foil preferably has a purity of 99% or more, but may contain impurities such as silicon, iron, copper, magnesium and zinc.
- the cathode foil is a plain foil with a flat surface, or a surface-enlarging layer is formed on the surface by enlarging the surface.
- An oxide film may be intentionally or naturally formed on the surface enlarging layer. Intentionally, a thin dielectric oxide film (about 1 to 10 Vfs) may be formed by chemical conversion treatment. A natural oxide film is formed when the cathode foil reacts with oxygen in the air.
- This cathode body further comprises a conductive layer and has a laminate structure of the cathode foil and the conductive layer.
- the conductive layer is a layer containing a conductive material and having higher conductivity than the oxide film.
- This conductive layer is laminated on one side or both sides of the cathode foil and positioned as the outermost layer of the cathode body.
- Examples of conductive materials include titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, nitrides or carbides thereof, aluminum carbide, carbon materials, and composites or mixtures thereof. A plurality of layers may be laminated as this conductive layer, and each layer may be a different layer.
- the carbon material is fibrous carbon, carbon powder, or a mixture thereof. It may be fibrous carbon or carbon powder that has been subjected to a porosification treatment such as an activation treatment or an opening treatment for forming pores.
- Examples of carbon powder include activated carbon, ketjen black, acetylene black, channel black, etc., which are derived from natural plant tissues such as coconut shells, synthetic resins such as phenol, and fossil fuels such as coal, coke, and pitch.
- Fibrous carbon includes, for example, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and the like.
- the carbon nanotube may be a single-walled carbon nanotube having a single graphene sheet, or a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) having two or more graphene sheets rolled coaxially and having a multi-layered tube wall.
- These conductive materials are applied to the cathode foil by coating, vapor deposition, heat treatment, or the like.
- the coating method is suitable, for example, when forming a conductive layer of a carbon material, and a slurry containing a conductive material, a binder and a solvent is applied to the cathode body by a slurry casting method, a doctor blade method, a spray atomizing method, etc. and dried, If necessary, the cathode foil and the conductive layer are brought into close contact with each other by pressing.
- the vapor deposition method is suitable for forming a metallic conductive layer such as titanium, and includes vacuum arc vapor deposition, sputtering vapor deposition, and electron beam vapor deposition. In the heat treatment, conductive material powder is adhered to the surface of the cathode foil and sintered.
- Electron beam deposition involves irradiating a material source with an electron beam in a vacuum chamber to melt and vaporize the material source, reacting the vaporized material source with a reaction gas, and depositing the material source reacting with the reaction gas on the cathode foil.
- a cathode body composed of a conductive layer and a cathode foil is sandwiched between press rollers to apply press line pressure.
- a press pressure of about 0.01 to 100 t/cm is desirable.
- This press work produces a press-contact structure in which the conductive material is pressed into the pores of the surface-enlarging layer, and a press-contact structure in which the conductive material is deformed along the uneven surface of the surface-enlarging layer.
- This pressure contact structure improves the adhesion and fixability between the conductive layer and the cathode foil, and reduces the ESR of the solid electrolytic capacitor.
- the conductive polymer of the solid electrolyte layer is a self-doped polymer doped with intramolecular dopant molecules or a conjugated polymer doped with external dopant molecules.
- a conjugated polymer is obtained by subjecting a monomer having a ⁇ -conjugated double bond or a derivative thereof to chemical oxidation polymerization or electrolytic oxidation polymerization.
- a conductive polymer expresses high conductivity by performing a doping reaction on a conjugated polymer. That is, by adding a small amount of a dopant, such as an acceptor that easily accepts electrons or a donor that easily donates electrons, to the conjugated polymer, conductivity is exhibited.
- conjugated polymer any known one can be used without any particular limitation. Examples include polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyfuran, polyaniline, polyacetylene, polyphenylene, polyphenylenevinylene, polyacene, polythiophenevinylene and the like. These conjugated polymers may be used alone, may be used in combination of two or more types, and may be a copolymer of two or more types of monomers.
- conjugated polymers obtained by polymerizing thiophene or derivatives thereof are preferable, and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (that is, 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][ 1,4]dioxin), 3-alkylthiophenes, 3-alkoxythiophenes, 3-alkyl-4-alkoxythiophenes, 3,4-alkylthiophenes, 3,4-alkoxythiophenes, or conjugated high Molecules are preferred.
- 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene that is, 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][ 1,4]dioxin
- 3-alkylthiophenes that is, 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][ 1,4]dioxin
- 3-alkylthiophenes 3-alkoxythiophenes
- 3-alkyl-4-alkoxythiophenes 3-alkyl-4-
- the thiophene derivative is preferably a compound selected from thiophenes having substituents at the 3- and 4-positions, and the substituents at the 3- and 4-positions of the thiophene ring form a ring together with the carbon atoms at the 3- and 4-positions.
- can be An alkyl group or an alkoxy group preferably has 1 to 16 carbon atoms.
- a polymer of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene called EDOT that is, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) called PEDOT is particularly preferred.
- alkylated ethylenedioxythiophene in which an alkyl group is added to 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene such as methylated ethylenedioxythiophene (that is, 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-thieno [ 3,4-b][1,4]dioxin), ethylated ethylenedioxythiophene (i.e., 2-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin), etc. mentioned.
- a known dopant can be used without any particular limitation.
- a dopant may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- polymers or monomers may be used.
- dopants include polyanions, inorganic acids such as boric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, squaric acid, rhodizonic acid, croconic acid, salicylic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1,2 -dihydroxy-3,5-benzenedisulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, borodisalicylic acid, bisoxalateborate acid, sulfonylimidic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, propylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, butylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, etc.
- Polyanions are, for example, substituted or unsubstituted polyalkylenes, substituted or unsubstituted polyalkenylenes, substituted or unsubstituted polyimides, substituted or unsubstituted polyamides, substituted or unsubstituted polyesters, and have anionic groups.
- Examples include a polymer consisting of only units, and a polymer consisting of a structural unit having an anionic group and a structural unit having no anionic group.
- polyanions include polyvinylsulfonic acid, polystyrenesulfonic acid, polyallylsulfonic acid, polyacrylsulfonic acid, polymethacrylsulfonic acid, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid), and polyisoprenesulfonic acid. , polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, and polymaleic acid.
- the solid electrolyte layer may contain various additives such as polyhydric alcohol in addition to the conductive polymer.
- Polyhydric alcohols include sorbitol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene glycol, glycerin, polyglycerin, polyoxyethylene glycerin, xylitol, erythritol, mannitol, dipentaerythritol, pentaerythritol, or two of these. The above combination is mentioned. Since the polyhydric alcohol has a high boiling point, it can remain in the solid electrolyte layer even after the drying process, and effects of reducing ESR and improving withstand voltage can be obtained.
- An electrolytic solution is a solution of an anion component and a cation component added to a solvent.
- the anion component and the cation component are typically a salt of an organic acid, a salt of an inorganic acid, or a salt of a complex compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid.
- An acid as an anionic component and a base as a cationic component may be added separately to the solvent.
- the electrolytic solution does not have to contain an anion component, a cation component, or both an anion component and a cation component in the solvent.
- the electrolyte contains a phosphoric acid compound with an alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less.
- the balance between the solubility and chemical stability in the electrolyte solvent of the phosphoric acid compound having an alkyl group is good, and when the alkyl group is a butyl group, the solubility in the electrolyte solvent is improved. and chemical stability are particularly well balanced.
- the phosphoric acid compound should just have at least one or more of this alkyl group.
- phosphate compounds include dibutyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphite and tributyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphite, triisopropyl phosphate and diisopropyl phosphite.
- the electrolyte should contain one or more of such phosphoric acid compounds.
- the cathode body has a conductive layer and the electrolytic solution contains such a phosphoric acid compound, even if exposed to a high temperature environment such as 160° C., the solid electrolytic capacitor can operate at a high frequency range such as 100 kHz. shows good ESR.
- the leakage current (LC) can be kept good even if it is exposed to a high temperature environment for a long time.
- the phosphoric acid compound is preferably 4 mmol or more per 100 g of the electrolytic solution, more preferably 4 mmol or more and 16 mmol or less per 100 g of the electrolytic solution.
- it is 4 mmol or more, even if the solid electrolytic capacitor is exposed to a high temperature environment, it exhibits good ESR in a high frequency range such as 100 kHz.
- the change in ESR in a high temperature environment and in a high frequency range such as 100 kHz becomes poor. Therefore, in terms of other capacitor characteristics and cost, the phosphoric acid compound is more preferably 16 mmol or less per 100 g of the electrolytic solution.
- the electrolyte may contain an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or a composite compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid as an anion component.
- Organic acids include oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, toluic acid, enanthic acid, malonic acid, 1,6-decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,7-octanedicarboxylic acid, azelaic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tridecanedioic acid, t-butyladipic acid, 11-vinyl-8-octadecenedioic acid, resorcinic acid, Carboxylic acids such as phloroglucic acid, gallic acid,
- inorganic acids examples include boric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, carbonic acid, and silicic acid.
- Compound compounds of organic acids and inorganic acids include borodisalicylic acid, borodisaliic acid, borodiglycolic acid, borodimalonic acid, borodisuccinic acid, borodiadipic acid, borodiazelaic acid, borodibenzoic acid, borodimaleic acid, borodilactic acid, borodimalic acid, boroditartaric acid, borodicitric acid, borodiphthalic acid, borodi(2-hydroxy)isobutyric acid, borodiresorucic acid, borodimethylsalicylic acid, borodinaphthoic acid, borodimandelic acid and borodi(3-hydroxy)propionic acid.
- Examples of at least one salt of an organic acid, an inorganic acid, and a composite compound of an organic acid and an inorganic acid include an ammonium salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary amidinium salt, an amine salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, and the like. is mentioned.
- the quaternary ammonium ion of the quaternary ammonium salt includes tetramethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, tetraethylammonium and the like.
- Quaternary amidinium salts include ethyldimethylimidazolinium, tetramethylimidazolinium, and the like.
- Amine salts include salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
- primary amines include methylamine, ethylamine and propylamine
- secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, ethylmethylamine and dibutylamine
- examples of tertiary amines include trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine and ethyldimethylamine
- ethyldiisopropylamine include salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
- the solvent for the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but a protic organic polar solvent or an aprotic organic polar solvent can be used.
- Protic organic solvents include monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols and oxyalcohol compounds. Examples of monohydric alcohols include ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, cyclobutanol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, and benzyl alcohol.
- Polyhydric alcohols and oxyalcohol compounds include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, methoxypropylene glycol, dimethoxypropanol, polyglycerin, polyethylene glycol and polyoxyethylene glycerin. alkylene oxide adducts of and the like.
- sulfone-based, amide-based, lactones, cyclic amide-based, nitrile-based, sulfoxide-based, and the like may be used.
- Sulfone-based solvents include dimethylsulfone, ethylmethylsulfone, diethylsulfone, sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, 2,4-dimethylsulfolane, and the like.
- amides include N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-ethylacetamide, N,N- diethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphoricamide and the like.
- Lactones and cyclic amides include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and isobutylene carbonate.
- Nitrile type includes acetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, glutaronitrile and the like.
- the sulfoxide type includes dimethyl sulfoxide and the like.
- ethylene glycol, glycerin or sulfolane is contained as the solvent of the electrolytic solution or other species in the solvent.
- Ethylene glycol, glycerin and sulfolane cause conformational changes in conductive polymers.
- the initial ESR of the solid electrolytic capacitor is improved, and deterioration of the ESR in a high-temperature environment is suppressed.
- Additives include complex compounds of boric acid and polysaccharides (mannite, sorbitol, etc.), complex compounds of boric acid and polyhydric alcohol, boric acid esters, nitro compounds (o-nitrobenzoic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid, acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, p-nitrobenzyl alcohol, etc.). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Separators are made of cellulose such as kraft, manila hemp, esparto, hemp, rayon, and mixed paper thereof, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester resins such as their derivatives, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polyfluoride, etc.
- Polyamide resins such as vinylidene resins, vinylon resins, aliphatic polyamides, semi-aromatic polyamides, and wholly aromatic polyamides, polyimide resins, polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, trimethylpentene resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, acrylic resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, etc., and these resins can be used singly or in combination.
- Examples 1 and 2 Solid electrolytic capacitors of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Examples 1 and 2 were produced.
- an anode foil and a cathode foil were produced using aluminum foil.
- the anode foil was subjected to surface enlargement by etching treatment, and was subjected to chemical conversion treatment using an adipic acid aqueous solution at a chemical conversion voltage of 61.7 Vfs to form a dielectric oxide film.
- the surface of the cathode foil was expanded by etching, and an oxide film was formed by chemical conversion treatment using an adipic acid aqueous solution at a chemical conversion voltage of 3 Vfs.
- the cathode foils of Comparative Example 2, Example 1 and Example 2 were laminated with a conductive layer.
- the conductive layer was a titanium carbide layer with a thickness of 100 nm and was formed on the surface of the cathode foil by vacuum deposition. In Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 4, no conductive layer was formed.
- a lead wire was connected to each of the anode foil and the cathode foil or the cathode body, and the anode foil and the cathode foil or the cathode body were wound with the anode foil and the cathode foil or the cathode body facing each other with a cellulose separator interposed therebetween.
- the wound body was immersed in an aqueous solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate for 20 minutes for repair chemical conversion. After that, it was dried at 105°C.
- This wound body was immersed in a conductive polymer dispersion to attach the conductive polymer to the dielectric oxide film of the anode foil, the cathode foil and the separator.
- a conductive polymer dispersion particles of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonic acid were dispersed as a conductive polymer, and ethylene glycol was added.
- the wound body was immersed in the conductive polymer dispersion for the first time, the wound body was dried at 125° C. for 30 minutes. Further, the wound body was immersed in the conductive polymer dispersion, and after the second immersion, the wound body was dried at 150° C. for 30 minutes.
- the wound body to which the conductive polymer was attached was impregnated with an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution of each example and comparative example contains ethylene glycol as a solvent.
- the electrolytic solutions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 contain only 16 mmol of azelaic acid per 100 g of the electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic solutions of Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 each contain 16 mmol of azelaic acid and dibutyl phosphoric acid per 100 g of the electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solutions of Comparative Example 4 and Example 2 contain 16 mmol each of azelaic acid and tributyl phosphate per 100 g of the electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution of each example and comparative example contained 16 mmol of ammonia as a cation component of the solute.
- a capacitor element impregnated with electrolyte was inserted into a bottomed cylindrical exterior case.
- a sealing rubber was attached to the open end of the exterior case and sealed by caulking.
- Each solid electrolytic capacitor was aged by voltage application.
- Each of the produced solid electrolytic capacitors has a diameter of 10.0 mm and a height of 10.0 mm, a rated withstand voltage of 35 WV, a rated capacity of Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 4 of 330 ⁇ F, and a rated capacity of Comparative Example 2 and Examples 1 and 2.
- the rated capacity was 390 ⁇ F.
- the ESR of the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was measured. Each solid electrolytic capacitor was exposed to a temperature environment of 160° C., and ESR was measured for each elapsed time. The measurement frequency was set to 100 kHz, which is a high frequency region. Table 1 below shows the ESR immediately before exposure to a temperature environment of 160° C., that is, the ESR when the elapsed time is 0 hours, and the ESR after 800 hours have elapsed.
- the ESR of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3 and 1 are shown in the graph of FIG. 1, and the ESR of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 4 and 2 are shown in the graph of FIG. show.
- the horizontal axis of the graphs of FIGS. 1 and 2 is elapsed time, and the vertical axis is ESR.
- Comparative Examples 3 and 4 in which dibutyl phosphate or tributyl phosphate was added to the electrolytic solution, were higher than Comparative Example 1 at both zero and 800 hours of elapsed time. also achieves low ESR.
- the difference between Comparative Examples 3 and 1 is 0.0015 ⁇ after 800 hours, and the difference between Comparative Examples 4 and 1 is 0.0016 ⁇ after 800 hours.
- Comparative Example 2 which has a conductive layer on the cathode foil, has almost the same ESR as Comparative Example 1 at both 0 hours and 800 hours.
- Examples 1 and 2 in which dibutyl phosphate or tributyl phosphate is added to the electrolytic solution, and the conductive layer is provided on the cathode foil, show a further 0% reduction than Comparative Examples 3 and 4 after 800 hours. It has a low ESR of 0.0012 ⁇ and 0.0007 ⁇ . Examples 1 and 2 show such good ESR even though the ESR of Comparative Example 2, which has a conductive layer on the cathode foil, is almost the same as that of Comparative Example 1 at both zero hours and 800 hours. have achieved
- the conductive layer formed on the surface of the cathode foil is provided on the cathode body, and the electrolyte contains a phosphoric acid compound having an alkyl group having 1 or more and 10 or less carbon atoms, so that the solid electrolytic capacitor It was confirmed that the ESR of was further reduced.
- the ESR of the solid electrolytic capacitor is further reduced by including a phosphoric acid compound having a butyl group in the electrolytic solution.
- Example 3-7 solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 3 to 7 were produced.
- the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 3 to 7 have titanium carbide as a conductive layer in the cathode body, as in Examples 1 and 2, but have a phosphoric acid compound of a different type from that in Examples 1 and 2.
- the phosphoric acid compounds of Examples 3 to 7 have an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor of Comparative Example 5 was produced, in which titanium carbide was provided as a cathode body and phosphoric acid was contained in the electrolyte.
- the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 3 to 7 and Comparative Example 5 were manufactured by the same manufacturing method and under the same conditions as in Example 1, except for the type of phosphoric acid compound, and had the same configuration, composition and composition ratio.
- Example 1 High frequency ESR and LC
- ESR The ESR of the solid electrolytic capacitors of Example 1, Examples 3 to 7, and Comparative Example 5 was measured. Each solid electrolytic capacitor was exposed to a temperature environment of 150° C., and ESR was measured for each elapsed time. The measurement frequency was set to 100 kHz, which is a high frequency region. Table 2 below shows the ESR immediately before exposure to a temperature environment of 150° C., that is, the ESR when the elapsed time is 0 hours and the ESR after 260 hours.
- the LC (leakage current) of the solid electrolytic capacitors of Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 were measured. Each solid electrolytic capacitor was left in a temperature environment of 150° C. for 2700 hours, and the leakage current after the standing was measured. The leakage current was obtained by applying a rated withstand voltage of 35 WV to each solid electrolytic capacitor and maintaining the voltage for 2 minutes. Leakage current results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the phosphate compound of Example 1 is dibutyl phosphate.
- Example 3 equimolar amounts of dibutyl phosphate and triisopropyl phosphate were mixed into the electrolyte.
- the phosphate compound of Example 4 is dibutyl phosphite.
- the phosphate compound of Example 5 is triethyl phosphite.
- the phosphate compound of Example 6 is trimethyl phosphite.
- the phosphate compound of Example 7 is triisopropyl phosphate.
- Examples 3 and 4 like Examples 1 and 2, are solid electrolytic capacitors in which the electrolytic solution contains a phosphoric acid compound having a butyl group. Also in Examples 3 and 4, the ESR at zero elapsed time and the ESR after 260 hours elapsed are almost the same values as in Example 1 in Table 2.
- Examples 4 to 7 are solid electrolytic capacitors in which the electrolytic solution contains a phosphoric acid compound having an alkyl group different from a butyl group. These Examples 4 to 7 have good ESR characteristics like the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 1, 3 and 4. Thus, when the conductive layer formed on the surface of the cathode foil is provided on the cathode body, and the electrolyte contains a phosphoric acid compound having an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the solid electrolytic capacitor to reduce the ESR of Moreover, Examples 1, 3 and 4 containing a phosphoric acid compound having a butyl group have particularly good ESR characteristics, and a butyl group is preferable as the alkyl group.
- Example 8-10 Solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 8 to 10 were produced.
- the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 8 to 10 have different types of phosphoric acid compounds from those of Examples 1 and 2 as the phosphoric acid compounds, but differ from those of Examples 1 and 2 in the type of conductive layer.
- solid electrolytic capacitors of Comparative Examples 6 to 8 which had the same type of conductive layer but did not contain a phosphoric acid compound in the electrolytic solution, were produced.
- Example 8 The solid electrolytic capacitor of Example 8 and the solid electrolytic capacitor of Comparative Example 6 corresponding to Example 8 were produced as follows. That is, in Example 8, the conductive layer laminated on the cathode foil was a carbon nanotube layer with a thickness of 100 nm, which was formed on the surface of the cathode foil by vacuum deposition. The cathode foil of Comparative Example 6 was not laminated with a conductive layer. A cellulosic separator was sandwiched between the anode foil and the cathode body or cathode foil. Each of the produced solid electrolytic capacitors has a diameter of 10.0 mm, a height of 7.7 mm, a rated withstand voltage of 25 WV, and a rated capacity of 270 ⁇ F. Other manufacturing methods, manufacturing conditions, capacitor structures, compositions and composition ratios of Example 8 and Comparative Example 6 are the same as those of Example 1.
- Example 9 The solid electrolytic capacitor of Example 9 and the solid electrolytic capacitor of Comparative Example 7 corresponding to Example 9 were produced as follows. That is, in Example 9, the conductive layer laminated on the cathode foil was a carbon black layer with a thickness of 100 nm, which was formed on the surface of the cathode foil by vacuum deposition. The cathode body was sandwiched between press rollers and press line pressure was applied. The cathode foil of Comparative Example 7 was not laminated with a conductive layer. A cellulosic separator was sandwiched between the anode foil and the cathode body or cathode foil.
- Each of the produced solid electrolytic capacitors has a diameter of 10.0 mm and a height of 10.0 mm, a rated withstand voltage of 25 WV, and a rated capacity of 580 ⁇ F.
- Other manufacturing methods, manufacturing conditions, capacitor structures, compositions and composition ratios of Example 9 and Comparative Example 7 are the same as those of Example 1.
- Example 10 The solid electrolytic capacitor of Example 10 and the solid electrolytic capacitor of Comparative Example 8 corresponding to Example 10 were produced as follows. That is, in Example 10, the conductive layer laminated on the cathode foil was a titanium nitride layer with a thickness of 100 nm, which was formed on the surface of the cathode foil by vacuum deposition. The cathode foil of Comparative Example 8 was not laminated with a conductive layer. A cellulosic separator was sandwiched between the anode foil and the cathode body or cathode foil.
- Each of the produced solid electrolytic capacitors has a diameter of 10.0 mm and a height of 10.0 mm, a rated withstand voltage of 25 WV, and a rated capacity of 470 ⁇ F.
- Other manufacturing methods, manufacturing conditions, capacitor structures, compositions and composition ratios of Example 10 and Comparative Example 8 are the same as those of Example 1.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 Solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 in correspondence, Example 8 and Comparative Example 6 in correspondence, Example 9 and Comparative Example 7 in correspondence, and Example 10 and Comparative Example 8 in correspondence.
- the ESR of the capacitor was measured.
- Each solid electrolytic capacitor was exposed to a temperature environment of 150° C., and ESR was measured for each elapsed time.
- the measurement frequency was set to 100 kHz, which is a high frequency region.
- Table 3 below shows the ESR immediately before exposure to a temperature environment of 150° C., that is, the ESR when the elapsed time is zero hours and the ESR after 260 hours have elapsed.
- Example 8 in which the conductive layer was a carbon nanotube layer, had a better ESR when used at high frequencies than Comparative Example 6, and when exposed to a high temperature environment, the ESR was better than Comparative Example 6. The difference from Example 6 was further widened and it became good.
- Example 9 in which the conductive layer was a carbon black layer, had better ESR when used at high frequencies than Comparative Example 7, and its superiority did not change even when exposed to a high temperature environment.
- Example 10 in which the conductive layer was a titanium nitride layer, exhibited better ESR than Comparative Example 8 when used at high frequencies.
- the ESR of Comparative Example 6, which was exposed to a high-temperature environment deteriorated significantly, while the ESR of Example 10 maintained a low ESR even when exposed to a high-temperature environment.
- the ESR at high frequencies is improved by forming a conductive layer containing, for example, a carbon material, titanium, titanium nitride, and composites or mixtures thereof without being limited to the type of conductive layer.
- a conductive layer containing, for example, a carbon material, titanium, titanium nitride, and composites or mixtures thereof without being limited to the type of conductive layer.
- the combination of the conductive layer of titanium nitride and the electrolytic solution containing the phosphoric acid compound having an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is superior to the case where the conductive layer of titanium nitride is simply laminated on the cathode foil. , which improves the ESR of solid electrolytic capacitors.
- Example 11-16 solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 11 to 16 were produced.
- the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 11 to 16 differed from Example 1 only in the amount of the phosphoric acid compound added, and were manufactured by the same manufacturing method and under the same conditions as in Example 1 except for the amount of addition. They have the same configuration, the same composition and the same composition ratio.
- the ESR of the solid electrolytic capacitors of Comparative Example 2, Example 1, and Examples 11 to 16 was measured. Each solid electrolytic capacitor was exposed to a temperature environment of 150° C., and ESR was measured for each elapsed time. The measurement frequency was set to 100 kHz, which is a high frequency region. Table 4 below shows the ESR immediately before exposure to a temperature environment of 150° C., that is, the ESR when the elapsed time is 0 hours and the ESR after 260 hours.
- Comparative Example 2 does not contain a phosphoric acid compound.
- the amount of dibutyl phosphate added per 100 g of the electrolytic solution is different from 2 mmol to 33 mmol.
- the ESR after 260 hours is particularly good. Moreover, there is no change in the ESR after 260 hours when the added amount of the phosphoric acid compound is 16 mmol or 33 mmol per 100 g of the electrolytic solution.
- Example 17-25 solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 17 to 25 were produced.
- the solid electrolytic capacitor of Example 17 differs from that of Example 1 only in the cation species contained in the electrolytic solution. They have the same structure, the same composition and the same composition ratio.
- the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 18 to 25 differed from Example 17 only in the solvent type of the electrolytic solution, and were produced by the same manufacturing method and under the same conditions as in Example 1 except for the cation type and solvent type. and have the same configuration, composition and composition ratio. Further, as Comparative Example 9, a solid electrolytic capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 25, except that the electrolytic solution did not contain a phosphoric acid compound.
- the ESR of the solid electrolytic capacitors of Comparative Example 9, Example 1, and Examples 17 to 25 was measured. Each solid electrolytic capacitor was exposed to a temperature environment of 150° C., and ESR was measured for each elapsed time. The measurement frequency was set to 100 kHz, which is a high frequency region. Table 5 below shows the ESR immediately before exposure to a temperature environment of 150° C., that is, the ESR when the elapsed time is 0 hours and the ESR after 260 hours.
- the solid electrolytic capacitor of Example 17 differs from Example 1 in that triethylamine is added to the electrolytic solution instead of ammonia. Also in the solid electrolytic capacitors of Examples 18 to 25 and Comparative Example 9, triethylamine was added as a cationic species to the electrolytic solution.
- the solvent species of the electrolytic solution are ethylene glycol and glycerin, ethylene glycol accounts for 90 wt % in the solvent, and glycerin accounts for 10 wt % in the solvent.
- the solvent species of the electrolytic solution are ethylene glycol and glycerin, ethylene glycol accounts for 40 wt % in the solvent, and glycerin accounts for 60 wt % in the solvent.
- the solvent species of the electrolytic solution is glycerin.
- the solvent species of the electrolytic solution is sulfolane.
- the solvent species of the electrolytic solution are equal amounts of sulfolane and polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 300 in weight ratio.
- the solvents of the electrolytic solution are glycerin and polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 300, glycerin accounts for 70 wt % of the solvent, and polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 300 accounts for 30 wt % of the solvent.
- the solvent species of the electrolytic solution is ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- Example 25 the solvents of the electrolytic solution are glycerin and polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 300, and the weight ratio of glycerin and polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 300 is equal. Comparative Example 9 does not contain dibutyl phosphate in the electrolytic solution, and the solvent species of the electrolytic solution is ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 5, the ESR of Example 1 is equivalent to that of Example 17 before exposure to the high temperature environment, but is lower than that of Example 18 after exposure to the high temperature environment. That is, although any kind of cationic species added to the electrolytic solution does not hinder the reduction of ESR, ammonia is particularly preferable.
- the ESR after being exposed to a high temperature environment was 0.0260 ⁇ or less.
- the ESR after being exposed to a high temperature environment was 0.0330 ⁇ or higher.
- any type of solvent does not hinder the reduction of ESR, but one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group of ethylene glycol, glycerin and sulfolane is used. Especially preferred.
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| CN202280066231.5A CN118160057A (zh) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-28 | 固体电解电容器及制造方法 |
| EP22876370.2A EP4383296A4 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-28 | SOLID ELECTROLYTE CAPACITOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE |
| JP2023551620A JPWO2023054504A1 (https=) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-28 | |
| US18/694,490 US20250046525A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-28 | Solid electrolytic capacitor and manufacturing method |
| KR1020247007987A KR20240068635A (ko) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-28 | 고체 전해 콘덴서 및 제조 방법 |
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| JP2000114108A (ja) | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-21 | Nippon Chemicon Corp | 固体電解コンデンサとその製造方法 |
| JP2008010657A (ja) | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-17 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサの製造方法および電解コンデンサ |
| WO2016174806A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ |
| JP2017069537A (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | カーリットホールディングス株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ |
| WO2021125182A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | ハイブリッド型電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
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| JPH05144674A (ja) * | 1991-11-19 | 1993-06-11 | Nippon Chemicon Corp | 電解コンデンサ用電解液 |
| JP2005039245A (ja) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-02-10 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 駆動用電解液およびそれを用いた電解コンデンサ |
| EP3252789B1 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2021-06-23 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Electrolytic capacitor |
| JP6745580B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-05 | 2020-08-26 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
| EP3824489A4 (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2022-05-04 | Kemet Electronics Corporation | HYBRID CAPACITOR AND METHOD FOR MAKING A CAPACITOR |
| JP7294816B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-18 | 2023-06-20 | ルビコン株式会社 | 固体電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000114108A (ja) | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-21 | Nippon Chemicon Corp | 固体電解コンデンサとその製造方法 |
| JP2008010657A (ja) | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-17 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電解コンデンサの製造方法および電解コンデンサ |
| WO2016174806A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ |
| JP2017069537A (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | カーリットホールディングス株式会社 | 電解コンデンサ |
| WO2021125182A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | ハイブリッド型電解コンデンサ及びその製造方法 |
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| KR20240068635A (ko) | 2024-05-17 |
| JPWO2023054504A1 (https=) | 2023-04-06 |
| EP4383296A4 (en) | 2025-02-26 |
| TW202338874A (zh) | 2023-10-01 |
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