WO2023054181A1 - マイクロled画像表示装置 - Google Patents
マイクロled画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023054181A1 WO2023054181A1 PCT/JP2022/035437 JP2022035437W WO2023054181A1 WO 2023054181 A1 WO2023054181 A1 WO 2023054181A1 JP 2022035437 W JP2022035437 W JP 2022035437W WO 2023054181 A1 WO2023054181 A1 WO 2023054181A1
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- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
- H01L25/0753—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/111—Anti-reflection coatings using layers comprising organic materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/15—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission
- H01L27/153—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission in a repetitive configuration, e.g. LED bars
- H01L27/156—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission in a repetitive configuration, e.g. LED bars two-dimensional arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/62—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. lead-frames, wire-bonds or solder balls
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an LED image display device.
- micro-LEDs image display devices such as mini-LEDs and micro-LEDs (collectively referred to as micro-LEDs) using very small LEDs as RGB pixels have been put on the market. , the speed of response, etc. (for example, Patent Document 1).
- This micro LED image display device is characterized by being able to handle large screens with a screen size of 200 inches or more, and large screens are the mainstream.
- a surface protective film is attached to the outermost surface of the image display device to provide an antireflection function and for protection and to prevent scattering of glass, etc., but even in the micro LED image display device Similarly, a surface protection film is often used.
- Films generally used for surface protection of image display devices include films such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polycyclic olefin (COP), acrylic, and polyester.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- COP polycyclic olefin
- acrylic acrylic
- polyester hardly causes the above-mentioned problems and has excellent properties as a surface protection film.
- the ambient light often contains a polarized component due to reflection, and this polarized light is reflected by the surface protective film of the display having birefringence, resulting in stronger rainbow unevenness.
- the micro LED image display device has little deterioration in brightness and color reproducibility even when observed from an oblique angle, it has been found that even a slight iridescence due to reflection of external light is easily noticeable. Furthermore, because of its large size, it can be used for signage applications, such as outdoors and semi-outdoors (spaces separated by roofs or walls but not separated from the outside by doors), airports, train stations, and large public facilities. When viewing the screen through polarized sunglasses, the iridescent unevenness due to the reflection of external light containing the polarized component appears more prominently, and the deterioration of the image quality is more noticeable.
- the light from the image is reflected at the interface of the surface protective film in the area where the image is viewed from an oblique direction, and the light from the image itself forms rainbow spots.
- the surface protection film causes rainbow spots when viewed obliquely.
- the black display area is darker than the liquid crystal display device, etc., the rainbow unevenness due to the reflection of external light is easily noticeable, and even when the power is turned off, the rainbow unevenness due to the reflection of external light does not disappear. Also, there is a problem that the appearance quality of the display device itself is deteriorated.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and in a micro LED image display device, the iridescence derived from the surface protective film is reduced, and the micro LED has excellent visibility even in various installation locations.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an image display device. It also provides a display device with an excellent appearance.
- Item 1 A micro LED image display device having a surface protective film laminated on the outermost surface of an image display portion, wherein the in-plane retardation of the surface protective film is 3000 nm or more and 30000 nm or less.
- Item 2 Item 2.
- Item 3 Item 3.
- the micro LED image display device according to Item 1 or 2 wherein the surface protective film is a polyester film.
- Item 4 Item 4.
- Item 6 Item 6. The micro LED image display device according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the functional layer is at least one of an antireflection layer, a low reflection layer and an antiglare layer.
- Item 7 Item 7. The micro LED image display device according to Item 5 or 6, which has an easy-adhesion layer on the surface side of the functional layer of the base film.
- the micro LED image display device wherein the resin contained in the easy-adhesion layer is a resin having a naphthalene ring structure.
- Item 9 Item 8.
- the micro LED image display device wherein the easy adhesion layer contains high refractive index particles. is.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a micro-LED image display device that reduces the iridescence caused by the surface protection film and has excellent visibility in any of various installation locations.
- interference fringes derived from the coating layer are reduced, and a micro LED image display device with an excellent appearance can be obtained.
- the micro LED image display device of the present invention preferably uses light emitting diodes as the light emitting elements of red (R), green (G) and blue (B).
- the emission spectrum of the device will be explained.
- the emission peak of the red light emitting element is preferably 600 to 650 nm, more preferably 610 to 645 nm, still more preferably 615 to 640 nm.
- the emission peak of the green light-emitting element is preferably 500-560 nm, more preferably 510-550 nm, still more preferably 520-540 nm.
- the emission peak of the blue light-emitting element is preferably 410-470 nm, more preferably 420-460 nm, and still more preferably 425-450 nm.
- the half width of the emission spectrum of the blue light-emitting element is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 25 nm or less, and even more preferably 20 nm or less.
- the half width of the emission spectrum of the green light-emitting element is preferably 40 nm or less, more preferably 35 nm or less, and even more preferably 30 nm or less.
- the half width of the emission spectrum of the red light-emitting element is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 45 nm or less, and even more preferably 40 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the half width of the emission spectrum of each light-emitting element is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 8 nm or more, and still more preferably 10 nm or more. By setting it within the above range, it is possible to ensure wide color reproducibility, display vivid colors, and further reduce power consumption.
- the light-emitting element of each color is preferably used as a chip.
- a light-emitting element represents a component that emits light, such as a light-emitting diode
- a chip means a light-emitting diode and an electrode for connecting to the outside with wiring, which is sealed with resin or the like to form a single component.
- individual chips may be provided for each of R, G, and B colors, or a chip in which light emitting elements of three colors are packaged into one package may be used.
- the shape of the chip when viewed from the direction of light irradiation is not particularly limited and may be a square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram, triangle, hexagon, etc., or a shape bent into a ⁇ shape. Among them, a rectangular shape is preferable.
- the size of each chip is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 7 ⁇ m or more if it is a rectangular or square chip.
- the long side is preferably 700 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the ratio of long side to short side is preferably 1.2-5, more preferably 1.3-4, 1.4-3.
- the maximum diameter is preferably within the above range.
- a relatively large chip is sometimes called a mini-LED and a small chip is sometimes called a micro-LED, but the distinction between the two is not strict, and in the present invention they are collectively called a micro-LED ( ⁇ LED).
- the chips of each color on the substrate are arranged vertically and horizontally.
- the substrate include glass, ceramics, metals, phenolic resins, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyaramid resins, fiber-reinforced resins, and the like, and laminates thereof may also be used.
- the substrate may be coated with silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or the like.
- the chip on the substrate is connected to a drive circuit (IC) by wiring on the substrate through electrodes of the chip.
- the wiring is separated in the thickness direction by an interlayer insulating film, but is partially conductive, and preferably has a three-dimensional structure.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the substrate is preferably 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 ⁇ m, still more preferably 30 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the substrate thickness is preferably 3000 ⁇ m, more preferably 2000 ⁇ m, even more preferably 1500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 1000 ⁇ m, most preferably 700 ⁇ m.
- the substrate may be further laminated with a resin plate, a metal plate, or the like.
- the display surface (visible side) of the substrate on which the chips are arranged together with the wiring is preferably covered with a transparent resin in order to protect the wiring and the chips from mechanical impact, humidity, corrosive gas, and the like.
- a transparent resin an ultraviolet curable resin or a thermosetting resin is preferable. Resins, phenol-based resins, unsaturated polyester-based resins, urea-based resins, melamine-based resins, diallyl phthalate-based resins, vinyl ester-based resins, polyimides, polyurethanes, and other thermosetting resins.
- the thickness of the transparent resin is preferably such that the chip is completely covered. is preferably 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 700 ⁇ m, even more preferably 500 ⁇ m. It is preferable to select a transparent resin having a transmittance of 90% or more over the entire visible light region when the thickness is as described above.
- a glass plate or a transparent resin plate called a surface plate or window sheet is provided on the visible side of the transparent resin.
- a touch sensor may be arranged on the viewing side of the surface plate or between the surface plate and the transparent resin layer.
- the surface plate may be provided with a function of a touch sensor.
- a surface protection film is provided on the outermost surface on the viewing side of the micro LED image display device.
- the surface protection film is not only used as a shatterproof film when the glass is broken, but also a film with a hard coat, anti-reflection coat, or anti-glare coat. It is used to provide a function that prevents scratches and suppresses reflection to make the image easier to see.
- a surface protective film may be arranged directly on the transparent resin layer without using a front panel in the micro LED image display device. Also, the surface protection film may be reattached.
- the surface protective film is preferably a laminated film having a base film and a functional layer, as described later, and preferably has an easy-adhesion layer between the base film and the functional layer.
- a surface protective film means a laminated film having a substrate film and a functional layer, and the substrate film includes an easy-adhesion layer when the easy-adhesion layer is provided. When it is necessary to distinguish and explain the portion of the base film that does not include the easy-adhesion layer, it may be referred to as the original film.
- the substrate film used for the surface protection film has an in-plane retardation (Re) of preferably 3000 nm or more, more preferably 4500 nm or more, still more preferably 6000 nm or more, particularly preferably 6500 nm or more, and most preferably 7000 nm or more.
- Re is preferably 30000 nm or less, more preferably 20000 nm or less, still more preferably 15000 nm or less, particularly preferably 12000 nm or less, and most preferably 10000 nm or less.
- the thickness direction retardation (Rth) of the base film is preferably 3000 nm or more, more preferably 4500 nm or more, still more preferably 6000 nm or more, particularly preferably 6500 nm or more, and most preferably 7000 nm or more.
- Rth is preferably 30000 nm or less, more preferably 2000 nm or less, still more preferably 15000 nm or less, particularly preferably 13000 nm or less, most preferably 11000 nm or less.
- the Re/Rth of the base film is preferably 0.60 or more, more preferably 0.70 or more, still more preferably 0.80 or more, particularly preferably 0.85 or more, and most preferably 0.90 or more.
- Re/Rth is preferably 1.4 or less, more preferably 1.3 or less, still more preferably 1.2 or less, particularly preferably 1.1 or less, most preferably 1.05 or less.
- the NZ coefficient of the base film is preferably 2.2 or less, more preferably 1.9 or less, still more preferably 1.70 or less, particularly preferably 1.65 or less, and most preferably 1.62 or less. .
- the NZ coefficient is preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 1.2 or more, and still more preferably 1.3 or more.
- the upper limit of the degree of plane orientation ( ⁇ P) of the substrate film is preferably 0.150, more preferably 0.0.140, still more preferably 0.135, particularly preferably 0.130, most preferably 0 .125.
- the lower limit of ⁇ P is preferably 0.100, more preferably 0.105.
- the slow axis direction of the base film is preferably 7 degrees or less, more preferably 5 degrees or less, and 3 degrees with respect to the long side direction or the short side direction when cut into a rectangle as a surface protection film.
- the following is more preferable, and 2 degrees or less is most preferable.
- the slow axis direction is preferably 7 degrees or less, more preferably 5 degrees or less, with respect to the MD direction (flow direction of film formation) or TD direction (direction perpendicular to the MD direction) of the base film. , is more preferably 3 degrees or less, and most preferably 2 degrees or less.
- the variation in the slow axis direction of the substrate film is preferably 10 degrees or less, more preferably 8 degrees or less, still more preferably 6 degrees or less, particularly preferably 5 degrees or less, and most preferably 4 degrees or less.
- the dispersion of the slow axis is measured at the center point in the width direction of the film, and the slow axis direction of the measurement points at intervals of 100 mm in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the film flow direction) from the center point. and determine the maximum and minimum values of the measured values.
- the slow axis direction is measured with reference to the TD direction (width direction), and is evaluated by distinguishing between positive and negative clockwise and counterclockwise rotations.
- the surface protection film is a sheet and the width direction of the film is unknown
- the above measurement is performed along two adjacent sides of the film, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is larger.
- Adopt values This is because the variation in the slow axis direction is small in the MD direction of the film.
- the resin used for the raw film is not particularly limited as long as it causes birefringence due to orientation, but polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, etc. are preferable because they can increase retardation and have low moisture permeability and moisture absorption. , especially polyester is preferred.
- Preferable polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polytetramethylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), among which PET and PEN are preferred. These polyesters may be copolymerized with a carboxylic acid component or a glycol component other than the main constituent component.
- the total amount of acid component and glycol component is preferably 10 mol % or less, more preferably 5 mol % or less, still more preferably 2 mol % or less, particularly preferably 1.5 mol % or less, most preferably 1.5 mol % or less. It is 2 mol % or less.
- the glycol component other than the main component includes by-products such as diethylene glycol.
- the amount of glycol components other than the main component is preferably 0.1 mol % or more.
- the most preferred range of glycol components other than the main component is 0.2 to 1.0 mol %.
- the above polyester can be easily stretched at a high magnification and is easy to handle due to its impact resistance. Even when used as a surface protective film for a large micro LED image display device such as 300 inches or more, warping of the display device and peeling of the surface protective film due to aging can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the base film is preferably 25 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 40 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 60 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the film is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 120 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the resin forming the film is preferably 0.5 to 1.50 dL/g.
- the lower limit of IV is more preferably 0.53 dL/g, still more preferably 0.55 L/g.
- the upper limit of IV is more preferably 1.20 dL/g, still more preferably 1.00 dL/g, and particularly preferably 0.8 dL/g.
- the lower limit of IV is preferably 0.45 dL/g, more preferably 0.48 dL/g, still more preferably 0.50 dL/g, and particularly preferably 0.53 dL/g.
- the upper limit of IV is more preferably 1.00 dL/g, more preferably 0.80 dL/g, even more preferably 0.75 dL/g, and particularly preferably 0.70 dL/g.
- the surface protection film preferably has a light transmittance of 20% or less at a wavelength of 380 nm.
- the light transmittance at 380 nm is more preferably 15% or less, even more preferably 10% or less, and particularly preferably 5% or less. If the light transmittance is 20% or less, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the surface protective film, the pressure-sensitive adhesive, the adhesive, the transparent resin, and the like due to ultraviolet rays.
- the transmittance is measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the film, and can be measured using a spectrophotometer (for example, Hitachi U-3500).
- the light transmittance of the surface protective film at a wavelength of 380 nm can be set to 20% or less by adding an ultraviolet absorber to the original film, applying a coating liquid containing the ultraviolet absorber to the surface of the base film, It can be achieved by appropriately adjusting the method of adding an ultraviolet absorber to the functional layer, the type and concentration of the ultraviolet absorber, and the thickness of the film.
- UV absorbers are known substances. Examples of the UV absorber include organic UV absorbers and inorganic UV absorbers, but organic UV absorbers are preferred from the viewpoint of transparency.
- organic UV absorbers examples include benzotriazole-based, benzophenone-based, cyclic iminoester-based, and combinations thereof.
- the particles include inorganic particles such as titanium oxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, silica, alumina, talc, kaolin, clay, calcium phosphate, mica, hectorite, zirconia, tungsten oxide, lithium fluoride, and calcium fluoride. , styrene-based, acrylic-based, melamine-based, benzoguanamine-based, and silicone-based organic polymer particles. As the average particle size, the weight distribution value obtained by the Coulter Counter method can be adopted.
- particles may be added to the entire raw film, or may be added only to the skin layer in a skin-core coextruded multilayer structure. Moreover, it is also preferable that the raw film itself does not contain particles, and particles are added to the easy-adhesion layer to be described later.
- particles are added to the resin of the original film, there are a method of using a raw material resin produced by adding particles in advance, and a method of using a masterbatch to which particles are added at a high concentration during film formation. In any method, when the particle agglomeration increases, the haze may decrease or the surface roughness may increase. It is preferable to remove these particle agglomerates with a filter or the like at the time of manufacturing the raw material resin or the masterbatch. Furthermore, it is preferable to install a filter in the molten resin line during film formation to remove particle agglomerates.
- the base film can be obtained according to a general film manufacturing method.
- a case where the film is PET will be described as an example.
- the base film may be referred to as a polyester film.
- a method for producing a polyester film a method of melting a polyester resin and extruding a non-oriented polyester into a sheet is stretched in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature, followed by heat treatment. be done.
- the substrate film may be uniaxially stretched or biaxially stretched. Uniaxial stretching is preferable because it is easy to adjust the range.
- the main orientation axis of the base film is a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction (perpendicular direction, sometimes referred to as TD direction) even if it is the running direction of the film (also referred to as longitudinal direction or MD direction).
- MD stretching roll stretching is preferred
- TD stretching tenter stretching is preferred.
- TD stretching with a tenter is a preferred method in terms of less scratches on the film surface, productivity, etc., and bonding with a polarizer obtained by stretching PVA.
- the unstretched film is preheated and stretched at preferably 80 to 130°C, more preferably 90 to 120°C.
- the draw ratio in the main drawing direction is preferably 3.6 to 7.0 times, more preferably 3.8 to 6.5 times, still more preferably 4.0 to 6.2 times, particularly 4.1. It is preferably between 1-fold and 6-fold.
- the shrinkage treatment is preferably 1 to 20%, more preferably 2 to 15%.
- the above should be the main stretching, and the stretching should be 1.2 times or less in the direction perpendicular to the main stretching before the main stretching. is preferably 1.15 times or less, more preferably 1.13 times or less.
- the lower limit of the draw ratio in the orthogonal direction is preferably 1.01 times, more preferably 1.03 times, and particularly 1.05 times.
- Stretching is preferably followed by heat setting.
- the heat setting temperature is preferably 150 to 230°C, more preferably 170 to 220°C.
- the relaxation treatment is preferably 0.5 to 10%, more preferably 1 to 5%.
- the stretching speed and temperature should be adjusted so that the bowing phenomenon is reduced in the stretching and heat setting processes. is preferably adjusted.
- the original film may be treated to improve adhesiveness, such as corona treatment, flame treatment, and plasma treatment.
- the substrate film may be provided with an easy-adhesion layer.
- the easy-adhesion layer improves the adhesion with the functional layer described later and the adhesion with adhesives when pasting the surface of the display device, preventing peeling of the surface protective film itself and the functional layer during long-term use. can be prevented.
- Polyester resins, polyurethane resins, polycarbonate resins, acrylic resins, and the like are used as the resins used for the easy-adhesion layer, and polyester resins, polyester-polyurethane resins, polycarbonate-polyurethane resins, and acrylic resins are preferred.
- the easy-adhesion layer is preferably crosslinked. Examples of cross-linking agents include isocyanate compounds, melamine compounds, epoxy resins, oxazoline compounds, and the like.
- the easy-adhesion layer can be provided by coating and drying the surface protective film as a paint containing these resins and, if necessary, a cross-linking agent, particles, etc.
- the particles include those used in the base material described above.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the easy-adhesion layer is preferably 10 nm, more preferably 15 nm, and even more preferably 20 nm.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 500 nm, more preferably 300 nm, even more preferably 200 nm, particularly preferably 150 nm.
- the surface protective film has an easy-adhesion layer
- the light reflected by the interface with the film raw material of the easy-adhesion layer and the interface on the opposite side of the easy-adhesion layer film raw material (functional layer, adhesive layer, pressure-sensitive adhesive layer Interference occurs in the reflected light at the interface between the two layers), and an interference color may occur in a portion where the thickness of the easy-adhesion layer is non-uniform.
- This interference color is conspicuous in the black display area or when the power is turned off. In order to suppress this interference color, it is preferable to reduce the interference.
- the original film has birefringence.
- the refractive index n of the easily adhesive layer is Preferably nf ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ n ⁇ nl+0.05, more preferably nf ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ n ⁇ nl+0.02, and still more preferably nf ⁇ n ⁇ nl.
- the refractive index in the fast axis direction is about 1.6 and the refractive index in the slow axis direction is about 1.7. , preferably 1.55, more preferably 1.57, more preferably 1.58, even more preferably 1.59, particularly preferably 1.60.
- the upper limit of the refractive index of the easily bonding layer is preferably 1.75, more preferably 1.73, more preferably 1.72, still more preferably 1.71, and particularly preferably 1.70.
- the refractive index of the easy-adhesion layer may have birefringence when it is stretched after coating with in-line coating.
- the refractive index of the easy adhesion layer is the average refractive index in the fast axis direction and the slow axis direction.
- the refractive index of the easy-adhesion layer can be measured, for example, by coating a liquid for the easy-adhesion layer on a glass plate and drying the applied liquid, and then measuring it with an ellipsometer or the like.
- a method of adjusting the refractive index of the resin used for the easy-adhesion layer or a method of adding particles with a high refractive index are preferable.
- it is a resin
- polyester obtained by copolymerizing naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is preferable.
- a polyester obtained by copolymerizing naphthalene dicarboxylic acid may be used as a polyester resin by blending with other resins, if necessary. It may also be used as a polyester polyol for polyester polyurethane.
- the naphthalene dicarboxylic acid component in the polyester is preferably 30 to 90 mol %, more preferably 40 to 80 mol %, when the total component is 100 mol %.
- the lower limit of the refractive index of the high refractive index particles is preferably 1.7, more preferably 1.75.
- the upper limit of the refractive index of the high refractive index particles is preferably 3.0, more preferably 2.7, still more preferably 2.5. Particles containing a metal oxide with a high refractive index are preferred as the high refractive index particles.
- metal oxides examples include TiO 2 (refractive index 2.7), ZnO (refractive index 2.0), Sb 2 O 3 (refractive index 1.9), SnO 2 (refractive index 2.1), ZrO2 (refractive index 2.4), Nb2O5 ( refractive index 2.3) , CeO2 (refractive index 2.2), Ta2O5 (refractive index 2.1), Y2O3 (refractive index 1.8), La 2 O 3 (refractive index 1.9), In 2 O 3 (refractive index 2.0), Cr 2 O 3 (refractive index 2.5), etc., and metal atoms thereof Composite oxides are mentioned. Among them, SnO 2 particles, TiO 2 particles, ZrO 2 particles, and TiO 2 -ZrO 2 composite particles are preferred.
- the average particle size of the high refractive index particles is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, still more preferably 15 nm or more, and particularly preferably 20 nm or more. It is preferable that the average particle size of the high refractive index particles is 5 nm or more because aggregation is unlikely to occur.
- the average particle size of the high refractive index particles is preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 150 nm or less, still more preferably 100 nm or less, and particularly preferably 60 nm or less. It is preferable that the average particle diameter of the high refractive index particles is 200 nm or less because the transparency is good.
- the average particle diameter of the particles to be added can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method and obtained by a cumulant method.
- the content of the high refractive index particles in the easy adhesion layer is preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more, still more preferably 4% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 5% by mass or more. is.
- the content of the high refractive index particles in the coating layer is 2% by mass or more, the refractive index of the coating layer can be kept high, and low coherence can be effectively obtained, which is preferable.
- the content of the high refractive index particles in the easy adhesion layer is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, still more preferably 30% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 20% by mass or less. is. It is preferable that the content of the particles A in the coating layer is 50% by mass or less because film-forming properties are maintained.
- the easy-adhesion layer may be provided off-line on the stretched film, but is preferably provided in-line during the film-forming process.
- it When provided in-line, it may be applied either before longitudinal stretching or before lateral stretching, but it is preferable to apply the coating immediately before lateral stretching, and to dry and crosslink in preheating, heating, and heat treatment steps using a tenter.
- in-line coating immediately before longitudinal stretching by rolls it is preferable to dry the film with a vertical dryer after coating and then guide it to the stretching rolls.
- the easy-adhesion layer is provided on at least one side, preferably on both sides.
- the surface protection film is provided with functional layers such as a hard coat layer, an antireflection layer, a low reflection layer, an antiglare layer, and an antistatic layer on the visible side of the film.
- the antireflection layer, the low reflection layer, and the antiglare layer are collectively referred to as a reflection reduction layer.
- the reflection-reducing layer not only prevents external light from being reflected on the display screen and makes it difficult to see, but also has the effect of suppressing the reflection at the interface to reduce or make the iridescence less conspicuous.
- the upper limit of the 5-degree reflectance at a wavelength of 550 nm of the surface protective film measured from the reflection reducing layer side is preferably 5%, more preferably 4%, still more preferably 3%, and particularly preferably 2%. Yes, most preferably 1.5%. If the above is exceeded, the reflection of outside light increases, and the visibility of the screen may deteriorate.
- the lower limit of the reflectance is not particularly defined, it is preferably 0.01%, more preferably 0.1% from a practical point of view.
- the reflection reducing layer there are various types such as a low reflection layer, an antireflection layer, an antiglare layer, and the like.
- the low-reflection layer is a layer that has the function of reducing the reflectance by providing a low-refractive-index layer (low-refractive-index layer) on the surface of the base film to reduce the refractive index difference with air.
- the antireflection layer controls the thickness of the low refractive index layer so that the upper interface of the low refractive index layer (low refractive index layer-air interface) and the lower interface of the low refractive index (for example, the base film-low refractive index It is a layer that controls reflection by interfering the reflected light with the layer interface).
- the thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably about the wavelength of visible light (400 to 700 nm)/(refractive index of low refractive index layer ⁇ 4).
- the upper limit of the reflectance is preferably 2%, more preferably 1.5%, even more preferably 1.2%, and particularly preferably 1%.
- the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is preferably 1.45 or less, more preferably 1.42 or less. Moreover, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is preferably 1.20 or more, more preferably 1.25 or more. The refractive index of the low refractive index layer is a value measured under the condition of a wavelength of 589 nm.
- the thickness of the low-refractive-index layer is not limited, it can usually be appropriately set within the range of about 30 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the purpose is to further lower the reflectance by canceling the reflection on the surface of the low refractive index layer and the interface reflection between the low refractive index layer and its inner layer (base film, hard coat layer, etc.)
- the thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably 70-120 nm, more preferably 75-110 nm.
- the low refractive index layer preferably includes (1) a layer made of a resin composition containing a binder resin and low refractive index particles, (2) a layer made of a fluororesin that is a low refractive index resin, (3) silica or (4) a thin film of a low refractive index substance such as silica and magnesium fluoride;
- polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polycarbonate, acrylic, etc. can be used without particular limitation.
- acrylic is preferred, and one obtained by polymerizing (crosslinking) a photopolymerizable compound by light irradiation is preferred.
- the photopolymerizable compound examples include photopolymerizable monomers, photopolymerizable oligomers, and photopolymerizable polymers, and these can be appropriately adjusted and used.
- the photopolymerizable compound is preferably a combination of a photopolymerizable monomer and a photopolymerizable oligomer or photopolymerizable polymer. These photopolymerizable monomers, photopolymerizable oligomers and photopolymerizable polymers are preferably polyfunctional.
- polyfunctional monomers examples include pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETTA), and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPPA).
- PETA pentaerythritol triacrylate
- DPHA dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate
- PETTA pentaerythritol tetraacrylate
- DPPA dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate
- a monofunctional monomer may be used in combination for adjustment of coating viscosity and hardness.
- Polyfunctional oligomers include polyester (meth)acrylate, urethane (meth)acrylate, polyester-urethane (meth)acrylate, polyether (meth)acrylate, polyol (meth)acrylate, melamine (meth)acrylate, and isocyanurate (meth)acrylate. Acrylate, epoxy (meth)acrylate, and the like.
- Polyfunctional polymers include urethane (meth)acrylate, isocyanurate (meth)acrylate, polyester-urethane (meth)acrylate, epoxy (meth)acrylate, and the like.
- the coating agent may contain a polymerization initiator, a catalyst for a cross-linking agent, a polymerization inhibitor, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a leveling agent, a surfactant, and the like.
- Examples of the low refractive index particles contained in the resin composition (1) include silica particles (for example, hollow silica particles), magnesium fluoride particles, etc. Among them, hollow silica particles are preferred. Such hollow silica particles can be produced, for example, by the production method described in Examples of JP-A-2005-099778.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the low refractive index particles is preferably 5 to 200 nm, more preferably 5 to 100 nm, even more preferably 10 to 80 nm.
- the low refractive index particles are more preferably surface-treated with a silane coupling agent, and more preferably surface-treated with a silane coupling agent having a (meth)acryloyl group.
- the content of the low refractive index particles in the low refractive index layer is preferably 10 to 250 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass, and even more preferably 100 to 180 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.
- a polymerizable compound containing at least a fluorine atom in the molecule or a polymer thereof can be used.
- the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, but preferably has a curing reactive group such as a photopolymerizable functional group or a thermosetting polar group. A compound having these multiple curing reactive groups at the same time may also be used. In contrast to this polymerizable compound, the polymer does not have the above curing reactive groups.
- a fluorine-containing monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated bond can be widely used.
- the surface of the low-refractive-index layer may be an uneven surface in order to provide anti-glare properties, but it is also preferable that it is a smooth surface.
- the arithmetic mean roughness SRa (JIS B0601:1994) of the surface of the low refractive index layer is preferably 20 nm or less, more preferably 15 nm or less, and even more preferably. is 10 nm or less, particularly preferably 1 to 8 nm.
- the ten-point average roughness Rz (JIS B0601:1994) of the surface of the low refractive index layer is preferably 160 nm or less, more preferably 50 to 155 nm.
- the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is preferably 1.55 to 1.85, more preferably 1.56 to 1.70.
- the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is a value measured under the condition of a wavelength of 589 nm.
- the thickness of the high refractive index layer is preferably 30-200 nm, more preferably 50-180 nm.
- the high refractive index layer may be a plurality of layers, it is preferably two layers or less, more preferably a single layer. In the case of multiple layers, the total thickness of the multiple layers is preferably within the above range.
- the refractive index of the high refractive index layer on the low refractive index layer side is preferably higher.
- the refractive index of the high refractive index layer on the low refractive index layer side is The index is preferably 1.60 to 1.85, and the refractive index of the other high refractive index layer is preferably 1.55 to 1.70.
- the high refractive index layer is preferably made of a resin composition containing high refractive index particles and a resin.
- antimony pentoxide particles, zinc oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, cerium oxide particles, tin-doped indium oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide particles, yttrium oxide particles, and zirconium oxide particles are preferable as the high refractive index particles.
- titanium oxide particles and zirconium oxide particles are preferred.
- Two or more kinds of high refractive index particles may be used in combination.
- the preferred average particle size of the primary particles of the high refractive index particles is the same as that of the low refractive index particles.
- the content of the high refractive index particles is preferably 30 to 400 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass, and further preferably 80 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin. preferable.
- the resins used for the high refractive index layer are the same as the resins listed for the low refractive index layer, except for the fluorine-based resin.
- the surface of the high refractive index layer is also flat.
- the above method for flattening the low refractive index layer is used.
- a resin composition containing a photopolymerizable compound is applied to a base film, dried, and then the coated resin composition is irradiated with light such as ultraviolet rays.
- light such as ultraviolet rays.
- a resin composition containing a photopolymerizable compound is applied to a base film, dried, and then the coated resin composition is irradiated with light such as ultraviolet rays.
- the coated resin composition is irradiated with light such as ultraviolet rays.
- light such as ultraviolet rays.
- thermoplastic resin a thermosetting resin, a solvent, and a polymerization initiator may be added to the resin compositions of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer, if necessary.
- dispersants surfactants, antistatic agents, silane coupling agents, thickeners, anti-coloring agents, coloring agents (pigments, dyes), antifoaming agents, leveling agents, flame retardants, UV absorbers, adhesion imparting agents agents, polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, surface modifiers, lubricants and the like may be added.
- the anti-glare layer is a layer that prevents reflection of the shape of a light source when external light is reflected on the surface and reduces glare, by providing irregularities on the surface to cause diffuse reflection.
- the arithmetic mean roughness (SRa) of the irregularities on the surface of the antiglare layer is preferably 0.02 to 0.25 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.02 to 0.15 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.02 to 0. .12 ⁇ m.
- Ten-point average roughness (Rzjis) of unevenness on the surface of the antiglare layer is preferably 0.15 to 2.00 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.20 to 1.20 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.30 to 0.80 ⁇ m.
- SRa and Rzjis are calculated from a roughness curve measured using a contact roughness meter in accordance with JIS B0601-1994 or JIS B0601-2001.
- Examples of methods for providing the antiglare layer on the base film include the following methods. ⁇ Apply anti-glare layer paint containing particles (filler), etc. ⁇ Cure anti-glare layer resin while it is in contact with a mold with uneven structure. It is applied to the mold that has it and transferred to the base film. ⁇ A paint that causes spinodal decomposition during drying and film formation
- the lower limit of the thickness of the antiglare layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the antiglare layer is preferably 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 20 ⁇ m.
- the antiglare layer preferably has a refractive index of 1.20 to 1.80, more preferably 1.40 to 1.70.
- the refractive index of the antiglare layer is preferably 1.20 to 1.45, more preferably 1.25 to 1.40.
- the refractive index of the antiglare layer is preferably 1.50 to 1.80, more preferably 1.55 to 1.70.
- the refractive index of the antiglare layer is a value measured under the condition of a wavelength of 589 nm.
- the low refractive index layer may be provided with unevenness to serve as an antiglare and low reflection layer, or an antiglare and antireflection layer may be provided by providing an antireflection function by providing a low refractive index layer on the unevenness.
- the hard coat layer It is also a preferred form to provide a hard coat layer as a lower layer of the reflection reducing layer.
- the hard coat layer preferably has a pencil hardness of H or more, more preferably 2H or more.
- the hard coat layer can be provided, for example, by applying and curing a composition solution of thermosetting resin or radiation-curable resin.
- Thermosetting resins include acrylic resins, urethane resins, phenolic resins, urea melamine resins, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, silicone resins, and combinations thereof. If necessary, a curing agent is added to these curable resins in the thermosetting resin composition.
- the radiation-curable resin is preferably a compound having a radiation-curable functional group.
- the radiation-curable functional group include ethylenically unsaturated bond groups such as (meth)acryloyl groups, vinyl groups, and allyl groups, and epoxy groups. , oxetanyl group, and the like.
- ethylenically unsaturated bond groups such as (meth)acryloyl groups, vinyl groups, and allyl groups, and epoxy groups. , oxetanyl group, and the like.
- a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond group is preferable, and a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated bond groups is more preferable.
- Polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compounds having the above are more preferable.
- a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound may be a monomer, an oligomer, or a polymer.
- the difunctional or higher monomer content in the compound having a radiation-curable functional group is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the trifunctional or higher monomer preferably accounts for 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the compounds having radiation-curable functional groups can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the thickness of the hard coat layer is preferably in the range of 0.1-100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.8-20 ⁇ m.
- the hard coat layer preferably has a refractive index of 1.45 to 1.70, more preferably 1.50 to 1.60.
- the refractive index of the hard coat layer is a value measured at a wavelength of 589 nm.
- Examples of adjusting the refractive index of the hard coat layer include a method of adjusting the refractive index of the resin, and a method of adjusting the refractive index of the particles when particles are added.
- Examples of the particles include those exemplified as the particles of the antiglare layer.
- it may be called a reflection reduction layer including a hard-coat layer.
- a functional layer is provided on the surface protective film, it is preferable to provide the functional layer in contact with the easy-adhesion layer surface of the base film to form a structure of base film/easy-adhesion layer/functional layer.
- the surface protective film is preferably attached to the surface of the image display portion of the ⁇ LED image display device with an adhesive.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably a substrate-less optical pressure-sensitive adhesive. Peel off one of the release films of the optical pressure-sensitive adhesive in which release films are attached to both sides of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, attach it to the surface opposite to the functional layer of the surface protection film, and then release the other release film. The film is peeled off and attached to the micro LED image display device.
- the diagonal length is preferably 50 inches or longer, more preferably 80 inches or longer, even more preferably 100 inches or longer, and particularly preferably 120 inches or longer.
- the diagonal length is preferably 1000 inches or less, more preferably 700 inches or less, and even more preferably 500 inches or less.
- the slow axis direction of the surface protective film is preferably aligned substantially parallel to the long side direction or short side direction of the micro LED image display device, and more preferably substantially parallel to the short side direction.
- Rainbow spots tend to appear relatively strongly in the fast axis direction at 20 to 50 degrees to the slow axis direction and in the direction oblique to the normal direction of the film at 50 to 70 degrees.
- the short side direction of the screen when the installed micro LED image display device is viewed from an oblique direction, it is often viewed from a horizontal oblique direction, but in this case, avoid the direction where rainbow spots are likely to appear can be done. In addition, the four corners can be avoided from directions in which rainbow spots tend to appear.
- the micro LED image display device When the micro LED image display device is installed with the short side horizontal, it is also preferable to set the slow axis direction of the surface protection film in the long side direction of the screen.
- substantially parallel means that an error of preferably 7 degrees or less, more preferably 5 degrees or less, and still more preferably 3 degrees or less is allowed.
- Refractive index of polyester film Using a molecular orientation meter (MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by Oji Keisoku Co., Ltd.), the slow axis direction of the film was determined, and the slow axis direction was parallel to the long side. A rectangle was cut out and used as a sample for measurement.
- MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by Oji Keisoku Co., Ltd.
- the refractive index in the orthogonal biaxial direction (refractive index in the slow axis direction: ny, fast axis (refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis direction): nx), and the refractive index in the thickness direction ( nz) was determined by an Abbe refractometer (NAR-4T manufactured by Atago Co., measuring wavelength 589 nm).
- the biaxial refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ Nxy) is determined by the method (1) above, and the biaxial refractive index difference (
- the thickness d (nm) of the film was measured using an electric micrometer (Millitron 1245D, manufactured by Finereuf Co.) and converted into nm.
- the retardation (Re) was obtained from the product ( ⁇ Nxy ⁇ d) of the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ Nxy) and the film thickness d (nm).
- nx is the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the in-plane slow axis
- ny is the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction
- nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction.
- a sample was cut out from the central portion in the TD direction of the film whose TD direction is parallel to the slow axis direction, and measured.
- ) and ⁇ Nyz (
- the slow axis direction was measured using a molecular orienter (MOA-6004 type molecular orienter manufactured by Oji Instruments Co., Ltd.). The measurement was performed at the center point in the width direction of the film cut out into sheets as a surface protective film, and at intervals of 100 mm from the center point in the width direction (direction orthogonal to the film flow direction). The maximum and minimum values of the measured values thus obtained were determined, and the dispersion of the slow axis was evaluated by the following formula.
- MOA-6004 type molecular orienter manufactured by Oji Instruments Co., Ltd.
- Polyester X Polyethylene terephthalate polyester Y (PET(Y)) with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dL/g
- PET Polyethylene terephthalate polyester Y
- a copolymer polyester resin (A-2) with a different composition was obtained in the same manner.
- polyester aqueous dispersion 20 parts by mass of polyester resin (A-1) and 15 parts by mass of ethylene glycol t-butyl ether were placed in a reactor equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and reflux device, and the mixture was heated at 110° C. and stirred to dissolve the resin. After the resin was completely dissolved, 65 parts by mass of water was gradually added to the above polyester solution while stirring. After the addition, the liquid was cooled to room temperature while stirring to prepare a milky-white polyester aqueous dispersion (B-1) having a solid content of 20% by mass. Similarly, using the polyester resin (A-2) instead of the polyester resin (A-1), an aqueous dispersion was prepared as an aqueous dispersion (B-2).
- Example 1 Preparation of Coating Liquid (D-1) The following coating agents were mixed to prepare a coating liquid.
- the particles A are SnO 2 with a refractive index of 2.1, and the particles B are silica particles with an average primary particle size of about 500 nm.
- Polyester aqueous dispersion (B-1) 20.07% by mass
- Aqueous block polyisocyanate resin (C-2) 0.74 mass% Particle A 5.58% by mass (Ceramase S-8 manufactured by Taki Kagaku, solid content concentration 8% by mass)
- Particle B 0.30% by mass (Nippon Shokubai Seahoster KEW50, solid concentration 15% by mass)
- Surfactant 0.05% by mass (Dynol 604 manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 100% by mass)
- Preparation of coating liquid (D-2) Except for changing the polyester water dispersion to B-2 and changing the particle A to SiO2 having a refractive index of 1.46 (Snowtex ZL manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, solid content concentration 40% by mass)
- a coating liquid (D-2) was obtained in the same manner as the coating liquid (D-1).
- Example 1 (Base film A) After drying under reduced pressure (1 Torr) at 135° C. for 6 hours, 90 parts by mass of PET (X) resin pellets containing no particles and 10 parts by mass of PET (Y) resin pellets containing an ultraviolet absorber as raw materials for the base film intermediate layer. , supplied to extruder 2 (for intermediate layer II layer), and PET (X) was dried by a conventional method, supplied to extruder 1 (for outer layer I layer and outer layer III), and melted at 285 ° C. .
- the coating solution (D-1) was applied to both surfaces of the unstretched PET film so that the coating amount after drying was 0.08 g/m2, and dried at 80°C for 20 seconds.
- the unstretched film with the coating layer formed thereon was guided to a tenter stretching machine, and while holding the ends of the film with clips, was guided to a tenter at 100° C. and stretched 4.0 times in the width direction.
- a tenter stretching machine was guided to a tenter at 100° C. and stretched 4.0 times in the width direction.
- it is treated in a heat setting zone at a temperature of 190 ° C. for 10 seconds, and further subjected to a relaxation treatment of 2.0% in the width direction, and a uniaxially stretched PET film with a film thickness of 60 ⁇ m. got
- Examples 2 and 3 Base film B, C A base film B was obtained in the same manner as the base film A except that the thickness was changed.
- Base film D, E An unstretched PET film obtained in the same manner as the substrate film A was stretched 1.1 times at 90° C. using an MD stretching machine consisting of low-speed rolls and high-speed rolls. Thereafter, a base film D was obtained in the same manner as the base film A except that the coating liquid D-1 was applied and the stretching ratio in the tenter was changed to 4.2 times. A base film E was obtained in the same manner as the base film D, except that the MD draw ratio was 1.25 times and the temperature of the tenter was 110°C.
- Example 6 Base film F A base film F was obtained in the same manner as the base film A except that the thickness was changed, the temperature of the tenter was 110° C., and the draw ratio was 4.8 times.
- Example 7 Base film G A base film G was obtained in the same manner as the base film D except that the MD draw ratio was 3.1 times, the tenter temperature was 120°C, and the magnification was 3.5 times.
- Example 8 Base film H A base film H was obtained in the same manner as the base film B except that the coating liquid was changed to D-2.
- Iridescent evaluation by external light reflection 1 Commercially available full-color serial LED tapes are arranged on a 1m x 1.5m white plastic slope, and a diffusion plate used in the backlight unit of a liquid crystal display device is placed on top of it. A pseudo ⁇ LED image display device was obtained.
- chips mounted with red, green, and blue light-emitting diode elements are mounted side by side on a tape-shaped substrate. Parts other than the chip were covered with a black paper tape.
- a piece of 1 m ⁇ 1.5 m was cut out from the center of the obtained base film in the width direction so that the slow axis direction was parallel to the short side, and an optical pressure-sensitive adhesive was applied on the glass plate of the simulated ⁇ LED image display device.
- a simulated ⁇ LED image display device with a surface protection film for evaluation was obtained by pasting together.
- the prepared simulated ⁇ LED image display device with a surface protection film was installed on the wall of a room where outdoor light enters, so that the center of the simulated ⁇ LED image display device is 160 cm high and the long side direction is horizontal.
- Fluorescent white LEDs are used for lighting in the room, the floor is made of brown linoleum, and the walls are made of cream-colored vinyl chloride wallpaper with a weak luster.
- the subjects looked at the simulated ⁇ LED image display device with the light off while wearing polarized sunglasses while moving laterally, and observed the interior and exterior of the room reflected on the screen. Evaluation was made as follows, and ⁇ and ⁇ were regarded as acceptable. A: No iridescence was observed on the screen regardless of the position of the observer. ⁇ : Iridescent spots were observed in a part of the observer's position at a large angle from the front, such as the edge of the screen. ⁇ : Iridescent spots were observed in part of the screen over a wide range of positions of the observer.
- Iridescent spots were observed in a wide area of the screen regardless of the position of the observer.
- the simulated ⁇ LED image display device was turned on and observed without wearing polarized sunglasses, there was a difference in the intensity of the iridescent spots, but as the evaluation results, there was no difference in the above ranks, so the lights were turned off.
- the evaluation results obtained by observing the specimen while wearing polarized sunglasses were used as a representative.
- Iridescent evaluation by external light reflection 2 The evaluation of iridescence by external light reflection was the same as in evaluation 1 except that the substrate film was cut out so that the slow axis direction was parallel to the long side.
- Display image rainbow spot evaluation 1, 2 In the same manner as in evaluations 1 and 2 of iridescence by reflection of external light, the simulated ⁇ LED image display device to which the surface protective film was attached was turned on, and the screen was observed while wearing polarized sunglasses. A panel covered with black cloth was placed at the position where the reflected light entered the screen to eliminate the influence of the reflected light from the screen.
- Interference color evaluation (formation of hard coat layer) A coating solution for forming a hard coat layer having the following composition was applied to one side of the prepared base film using a #10 wire bar and dried at 70° C. for 1 minute to remove the solvent. Next, the film coated with the hard coat layer was irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 300 mJ/cm 2 using a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a surface protection film having a hard coat layer with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- the results of visual observation are ranked according to the following criteria. The observation was conducted by 3 persons who were familiar with the evaluation, and when the evaluation was different, they consulted. ⁇ and ⁇ were regarded as acceptable. ⁇ : Almost no interference color is observed even when observed from all angles ⁇ : Slight iris-like color is observed ⁇ : Clear iris-like color is observed
- a medium refractive index layer-forming coating liquid having the following composition was applied to one side of the base film B obtained in Example 2 using a bar coater, dried at 70°C for 1 minute, and then coated at 400 mJ/cm using a high-pressure mercury lamp. was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to obtain a medium refractive index layer having a dry film thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- a coating solution for forming a high refractive index layer having the following composition is formed in the same manner as for the medium refractive index layer, and further, a coating liquid having the following composition is applied thereon.
- a coating solution for forming a low refractive index layer was formed in the same manner as for the medium refractive index layer to obtain a surface protective film laminated with an antireflection layer.
- a favorable surface protective film having antireflection properties was obtained.
- the reflectance was 0.7%.
- the reflectance was measured at 5 degrees at a wavelength of 550 nm using a spectrophotometer (UV-3150, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- black vinyl tape Black vinyl tape (Kyowa vinyl tape HF-737 width 50 mm) was pasted.
- the micro LED image display device of the present invention can provide a micro LED image display device that does not cause iridescence derived from the surface protective film and has excellent visibility in any of various installation locations. Also, a display device with an excellent appearance is provided.
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Abstract
Description
項1
画像表示部分の最表面に表面保護フィルムが積層されたマイクロLED画像表示装置であって、前記表面保護フィルムの面内リタデーションが3000nm以上30000nm以下であるマイクロLED画像表示装置。
項2
前記表面保護フィルムのNz係数が1.78以下である、項1に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
項3
前記表面保護フィルムがポリエステルフィルムである、項1または2に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
項4
前記表面保護フィルムの遅相軸方向が、マイクロLED画像表示装置の画像表示部分の長辺方向、又は、短辺方向と略平行である、項1~3のいずれかに記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
項5
前記表面保護フィルムが基材フィルムとその視認側に機能性層を有する項1~4のいずれかに記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
項6
前記機能性層が、反射防止層、低反射層、防眩層の少なくとも1つである、項1~5のいずれかに記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
項7
前記基材フィルムの機能性層の面側に易接着層を有する項5又は6に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
項8
前記易接着層に含まれる樹脂がナフタレン環構造を有する樹脂である項7に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
項9
前記易接着層が高屈折率粒子を含む項7に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
である。
本発明のマイクロLED画像表示装置は、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の各色の発光素子として、発光ダイオードを用いたものであることが好ましい。
赤色の発光素子の発光ピークは好ましくは600~650nm、より好ましくは610~645nm、さらに好ましくは615~640nmである。
緑色の発光素子の発光ピークは好ましくは500~560nm、より好ましくは510~550nm、さらに好ましくは520~540nmである。
青色の発光素子の発光ピークは好ましくは410~470nm、より好ましくは420~460nmであり、さらに好ましくは425~450nmである。上記範囲とすることで、広い色再現性を確保して鮮やかな赤色、緑色、青色を表示することができ、さらに省電力化が可能である。
各発光素子の発光スペクトルの半値幅の下限は好ましくは5nm以上、より好ましくは8nm以上、さらに好ましくは10nm以上である。上記範囲とすることで、広い色再現性を確保して鮮やかな色を表示することができ、さらに省電力化が可能である。
本発明では、R、G、B各色で個別のチップとなっていてもよく、3色の発光素子が1つのパッケージとなったチップであってもよい。
各チップの大きさは、長方形又は正方形のチップであれば、長辺が好ましくは2μm以上、より好ましくは5μm以上、さらに好ましくは7μm以上である。長辺が好ましくは700μm以下、より好ましくは500μm以下、さらに好ましくは300μm以下、特に好ましくは250μm以下である。長辺と短辺の比は好ましくは1.2~5、より好ましくは1.3~4、1.4~3である。発光素子が長方形以外の場合の好ましい大きさは、最大径(任意の2点間で最大となる値)が上記範囲であることが好ましい。なお、チップの比較的大きいものをミニLED、小さいものをマイクロLEDと呼ぶ場合があるが、両者の区別は厳密なものではなく、本発明においては総称してマイクロLED(μLED)という。
配線は厚み方向には層間絶縁膜で隔てられるが部分的に導通しており、3次元構造となっていることが好ましい。基板の厚みの下限は好ましくは10μmであり、より好ましくは20μmであり、さらに好ましくは30μmである。基板の厚みの上限は好ましくは3000μmであり、より好ましくは2000μmであり、さらに好ましくは1500μm、特に好ましくは1000μmm、最も好ましくは700μmである。基板には補強のため、さらに樹脂板や金属板など積層してもよい。
透明樹脂の厚みは、チップが完全に覆われる厚みであることが好ましくチップの上面と透明樹脂層上面との距離で、下限は好ましくは10μm、より好ましくは20μm、さらに好ましくは30μmであり、上限は好ましくは1000μm、より好ましくは700μm、さらに好ましくは500μmである。透明樹脂は、上記厚みとなった場合に、可視光領域全域にわたって透過率が90%以上となるものを選択することが好ましい。
本発明において、マイクロLED画像表示装置の視認側の最表面には表面保護フィルムが設けられていることが好ましい。表面保護フィルムは、前面板などにガラス板が用いられている場合には、ガラスが割れた場合の飛散防止フィルムとして用いられるだけでなく、ハードコートや反射防止コート、防眩コートを行ったフィルムを利用して傷付き防止や反射を抑えて画像を見やすくする機能を付与するために用いられる。
マイクロLED画像表示装置で前面板を用いずに上記の透明樹脂層に直接表面保護フィルムが配置されていてもよい。
また、表面保護フィルムは貼り替えが可能になるようにしてもよい。
表面保護フィルムに用いられる基材フィルムは、面内のリタデーション(Re)が好ましくは3000nm以上、より好ましくは4500nm以上、さらに好ましくは6000nm以上、特に好ましくは6500nm以上、最も好ましくは7000nm以上である。Reは、好ましくは30000nm以下、より好ましくは20000nm以下、さらに好ましくは15000nm以下、特に好ましくは12000nm以下、最も好ましくは10000nm以下である。上記範囲とすることで、表面保護フィルムを取り扱いが容易な厚みの範囲で、斜めから見た場合の虹斑を抑制することが出来る。
基材フィルムの遅相軸方向は、表面保護フィルムとして矩形に切り出した時に、長辺方向又は短辺方向に対して7度以下となっていることが好ましく、5度以下がより好ましく、3度以下がさらに好ましく、2度以下が最も好ましい。そのためには、基材フィルムのMD方向(フィルム製膜の流れ方向)又はTD方向(MD方向と直交する方向)に対して、遅相軸方向は7度以下が好ましく、5度以下がより好ましく、3度以下がさらに好ましく、2度以下が最も好ましい。
さらに、基材フィルムの遅相軸方向のバラツキは10度以下が好ましく、より好ましくは8度以下、さらに好ましくは6度以下、特に好ましくは5度以下、最も好ましくは4度以下である。
また、表面保護フィルムが枚葉となっており、フィルムの幅方向が不明である場合は、フィルムの隣り合う2辺に添って上記の測定を行い、最大値と最小値の差の大きい方の値を採用する。これは、フィルムのMD方向では遅相軸方向のバラツキが小さいことが理由である。
上記ポリエステルは、高倍率の延伸が容易で、耐衝撃性もあるために取り扱い性が容易である上、低透湿性や低吸湿性のために環境の変化による寸法変化率も低く、200インチ以上や300インチ以上といった大型となるマイクロLED画像表示装置の表面保護フィルムとして用いた場合であっても、表示装置の反りや経年による表面保護フィルムの剥がれなどを抑制できる。
これら粒子はフィルム原反全体に添加しても良いが、スキン-コアの共押出多層構造にし、スキン層のみに添加しても良い。また、フィルム原反自体には粒子を含まず、後述する易接着層に粒子を添加することも好ましい。
フィルム原反の樹脂に粒子を添加する場合、予め粒子を添加して製造された原料樹脂を用いる方法、製膜時に粒子を高濃度に添加したマスターバッチを用いる方法がある。いずれの方法においても、粒子の凝集物が多くなると、ヘイズが低下する場合や表面粗さが大きくなる場合がある。原料の樹脂製造時やマスターバッチ製造時にフィルターなどでこれらの粒子凝集物を除去しておくことが好ましい。さらに、製膜時に溶融樹脂のライン中にフィルターを設け、粒子凝集物を除去することが好ましい。
例えば、ポリエステルフィルムの製造方法としては、ポリエステル樹脂を溶融し、シート状に押出し成形された無配向ポリエステルをガラス転移温度以上の温度において、縦方向や横方向に延伸し、熱処理を施す方法が挙げられる。
また、より一軸性を高めるため、延伸時に延伸方向と直交する方向に収縮させることも好ましい。テンターでのTD延伸の場合、収縮は例えばテンタークリップ間隔を狭くすることにより行うことができる。収縮処理は、1~20%が好ましく、より好ましくは2~15%である。
熱固定においで、主延伸方向やこれと直交する方向に緩和処理を行うことも好ましい。緩和処理は、0.5~10%が好ましく、より好ましくは1~5%である。
基材フィルムは易接着層が設けられていても良い。易接着層は後述する機能性層との密着性や表示装置表面に貼り合わせる時の接着剤等との接着性を向上させ、長期の使用中での表面保護フィルム自体や機能性層の剥離を防ぐことが出来る。
易接着層に用いられる樹脂は、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、アクリル樹脂などが用いられ、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエステルポリウレタン樹脂、ポリカーボネートポリウレタン樹脂、アクリル樹脂が好ましい。易接着層は架橋されていることが好ましい。架橋剤としては、イソシアネート化合物、メラミン化合物、エポキシ樹脂、オキサゾリン化合物等が挙げられる。
樹脂であれば、芳香族成分により屈折率を高くすることができるため、主鎖又は側鎖にベンゼン環又はナフタレン環を有する樹脂、特にナフタレン環を有する樹脂を用いることが好ましい。具体的には、ナフタレンジカルボン酸を共重合させたポリエステルが好ましい。ナフタレンジカルボン酸を共重合させたポリエステルは、ポリエステル樹脂として必要により他の樹脂とブレンドして用いてもよい。また、ポリエステルポリウレタンのポリエステルポリオールとして用いてもよい。ポリエステル中のナフタレンジカルボン酸成分は、全さん成分を100モル%とした場合に30~90モル%が好ましく、40~80モル%がさらに好ましい。
高屈折率粒子としては高屈折率の金属酸化物を含む粒子が好ましい。このような金属酸化物としては、TiO2(屈折率2.7)、ZnO(屈折率2.0)、Sb2O3(屈折率1.9)、SnO2(屈折率2.1)、ZrO2(屈折率2.4)、Nb2O5(屈折率2.3)、CeO2(屈折率2.2)、Ta2O5(屈折率2.1)、Y2O3(屈折率1.8)、La2O3(屈折率1.9)、In2O3(屈折率2.0)、Cr2O3(屈折率2.5)等、及びこれらの金属原子を含む複合酸化物が挙げられる。中でも、SnO2粒子、TiO2粒子、ZrO2粒子、TiO2-ZrO2複合粒子が好ましい。
なお、添加する粒子の平均粒径は動的光散乱法で測定し、キュムラント法を用いて求めることができる。
易接着層は少なくとも片面、好ましくは両面に設けられる。
表面保護フィルムには、フィルムの視認側にハードコート層、反射防止層、低反射層、防眩層、帯電防止層などの機能性層が設けられていることも好ましい形態である。反射防止層、低反射層、防眩層を総称して反射低減層という。反射低減層は表示画面に外光が映り込んで見にくくなることを防ぐだけでなく、界面の反射を抑制して虹斑を低減させたり、目立ち難くさせたりする作用もある。
反射低減層としては、低反射層、反射防止層、防眩層、など様々な種類がある。
反射防止層は、低屈折率層の厚みをコントロールして、低屈折率層の上側界面(低屈折率層-空気の界面)と低屈折の下側界面(例えば、基材フィルム-低屈折率層の界面)との反射光を干渉させて反射を制御する層である。この場合、低屈折率層の厚みは、可視光の波長(400~700mn)/(低屈折率層の屈折率×4)程度となることが好ましい。
反射防止層と基材フィルムとの間には高屈折率層を設けることも好ましい形態であり、低屈折率層や高屈折率層を2層以上設け、多重干渉により反射防止効果をさらに高めても良い。
低屈折率層の屈折率は、1.45以下が好ましく、1.42以下がより好ましい。また、低屈折率層の屈折率は、1.20以上が好ましく、1.25以上がより好ましい。
なお、低屈折率層の屈折率は、波長589nmの条件で測定される値である。
低屈折率層の表面が平滑面である場合、低屈折率層の表面の算術平均粗さSRa(JIS B0601:1994)は、好ましくは20nm以下であり、より好ましくは15nm以下であり、さらに好ましくは10nm以下であり、特に好ましくは1~8nmである。また、低屈折率層の表面の十点平均粗さRz(JIS B0601:1994)は、好ましくは160nm以下であり、より好ましくは50~155nmである。
なお、高屈折率層の屈折率は、波長589nmの条件で測定される値である。
中でも、高屈折率粒子としては、五酸化アンチモン粒子、酸化亜鉛粒子、酸化チタン粒子、酸化セリウム粒子、スズドープ酸化インジウム粒子、アンチモンドープ酸化スズ粒子、酸化イットリウム粒子、及び酸化ジルコニウム粒子等が好ましい。これらの中でも酸化チタン粒子及び酸化ジルコニウム粒子が好適である。
防眩層は表面に凹凸を設けて乱反射させることで、外光が表面で反射する場合の光源の形の映り込みを防止したり、眩しさを低減したりさせる層である。
・粒子(フィラー)等を含む防眩層用塗料を塗工する
・防眩層用樹脂を、凹凸構造を有する金型に接触させた状態で硬化させる
・防眩層用樹脂を、凹凸構造を有する金型に塗布し、基材フィルムに転写する
・乾燥、製膜時にスピノーダル分解が生じる塗料を塗工する
防眩層自体の屈折率を低くして低反射効果を求める場合、防眩層の屈折率は、1.20~1.45が好ましく、1.25~1.40がより好ましい。
防眩層の上に後述の低屈折率層を設ける場合、防眩層の屈折率は、1.50~1.80が好ましく、1.55~1.70がより好ましい。
なお、防眩層の屈折率は、波長589nmの条件で測定される値である。
上記の反射低減層の下層としてハードコート層を設けることも好ましい形態である。 ハードコート層は鉛筆硬度でH以上が好ましく、2H以上がより好ましい。ハードコート層は、例えば、熱硬化性樹脂又は放射線硬化性樹脂の組成物溶液を塗布、硬化させて設けることができる。
ハードコートとしての硬度を達成するためには、放射線硬化性官能基を有する化合物中、2官能以上のモノマーが50質量%以上であることが好ましく、70質量%以上であることがより好ましい。さらには、放射線硬化性官能基を有する化合物中、3官能以上のモノマーが50質量%以上であることが好ましく、70質量%以上であることがより好ましい。
上記放射線硬化性官能基を有する化合物は、1種又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
なお、ハードコート層の屈折率は、波長589nmの条件で測定される値である。
粒子としては、防眩層の粒子として例示したものが挙げられる。
なお、本発明において、ハードコート層も含めて、反射低減層と称する場合がある。
なお、ここで略平行とは好ましくは7度以内の誤差、より好ましくは5度以内の誤差、さらに好ましくは3度以内の誤差を許容するものである。
分子配向計(王子計測器株式会社製、MOA-6004型分子配向計)を用いて、フィルムの遅相軸方向を求め、遅相軸方向が長辺と平行になるように、4cm×2cmの長方形を切り出し、測定用サンプルとした。このサンプルについて、直交する二軸の屈折率(遅相軸方向の屈折率:ny、進相軸(遅相軸方向と直交する方向の屈折率):nx)、及び厚さ方向の屈折率(nz)をアッベ屈折率計(アタゴ社製、NAR-4T、測定波長589nm)によって求めた。
面内リタデーションとは、フィルム上の直交する二軸の屈折率の異方性(△Nxy=nx-ny)とフィルム厚みd(nm)との積(△Nxy×d)で定義されるパラメーターであり、光学的等方性、異方性を示す尺度である。二軸の屈折率の異方性(△Nxy)を、上記(1)の方法により求め、前記二軸の屈折率差(|nx-ny|)を屈折率の異方性(△Nxy)として算出した。フィルムの厚みd(nm)は電気マイクロメータ(ファインリューフ社製、ミリトロン1245D)を用いて測定し、単位をnmに換算した。屈折率の異方性(△Nxy)とフィルムの厚みd(nm)の積(△Nxy×d)より、リタデーション(Re)を求めた。 nxは面内の遅相軸と直交する方向の屈折率、nyは面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率、nzは厚み方向の屈折率である。実施例では、TD方向が遅相軸方向と平行となっているフィルムのTD方向の中央部からサンプルを切り出して測定した。
厚さ方向リタデーションとは、フィルム厚さ方向断面から見たときの2つの複屈折△Nxz(=|nx-nz|)、及び△Nyz(=|ny-nz|)にそれぞれフィルム厚さdを掛けて得られるリタデーションの平均を示すパラメーターである。リタデーションの測定と同様の方法でnx、ny、nzとフィルム厚みd(nm)を求め、(△Nxz×d)と(△Nyz×d)との平均値を算出して厚さ方向リタデーション(Rth)を求めた。
リタデーションの測定と同様の方法でnx、ny、nzを求め、nx、ny、nzを、Nz係数=|ny-nz|/|ny-nx|、で表される式に代入して、Nz係数を求めた。
リタデーションの測定と同様の方法でnx、ny、nzを求め、nx、ny、nzを、ΔP=(nx+ny)/2-nz、で表される式に代入して、Nz係数を求めた。
分子配向計(王子計測器株式会社製、MOA-6004型分子配向計)を用いて遅相軸方向を測定した。測定は、表面保護フィルムとして枚葉に切り出したフィルム幅方向における中心点、及び、前記中心点から幅方向(フィルム流れ方向に直交する方向)に100mm間隔ごとに測定を行った。こうして得られた測定値の最大値と最小値を求め、以下の式により、遅相軸のバラツキを評価した。
(遅相軸のバラツキ)=(測定値の最大値―測定値の最小値)
なお、遅相軸方向は、TD方向(幅方向)を基準に測定したものであり、右回り、左回りで正負の区別をして評価した。
分光光度計(日立製作所製、U-3500型)を用い、空気層を標準として波長300~500nm領域の光線透過率を測定し、波長380nmにおける光線透過率を求めた。(8)固有粘度
フェノール/1,1,2,2-テトラクロルエタン(60/40(重量比))の混合溶媒50ml中に溶解し、30℃でオストワルド粘度計を用いて測定した。
固有粘度0.62dL/gのポリエチレンテレフタレート
ポリエステルY(PET(Y))
紫外線吸収剤(2,2’-(1,4-フェニレン)ビス(4H-3,1-ベンズオキサジノン-4-オン)10質量部、PET(X)90質量部の溶融混合物。
攪拌機、温度計、および部分還流式冷却器を具備するステンレススチール製オートクレーブに、ジメチルナフタレート381質量部、ジメチルテレフタレート58.3質量部、ジメチルー5-ナトリウムスルホイソフタレート41.5質量部、ジエチレングリコール46.7質量部、エチレングリコール245.8質量部、およびテトラーnーブチルチタネート0.5質量部を仕込み、160℃から220℃まで4時間かけてエステル交換反応を行なった。次いで255℃まで昇温し、反応系を徐々に減圧した後、30Paの減圧下で1時間30分反応させ、共重合ポリエステル樹脂(A-1)を得た。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂は、淡黄色透明であった。1H-NMRで測定した組成は2,6-ナフタレンジカルボン酸/テレフタル酸/5-ナトリウムスルホイソフタル酸//エチレングリコール/ジエチレングリコール=78/15/7//90/10(モル%)であった。
攪拌機、温度計と還流装置を備えた反応器に、ポリエステル樹脂(A-1)20質量部、エチレングリコールt-ブチルエーテル15質量部を入れ、110℃で加熱、攪拌し樹脂を溶解した。樹脂が完全に溶解した後、水65質量部を上記ポリエステル溶液に攪拌しつつ徐々に添加した。添加後、液を攪拌しつつ室温まで冷却して、固形分20質量%の乳白色のポリエステルの水分散液(B-1)を作製した。同様にポリエステル樹脂(A-1)の代わりにポリエステル樹脂(A-2)を使用して、水分散液を作製し、水分散液(B-2)とした。
撹拌機、温度計、還流冷却管、窒素吹き込み管、滴下ロートを取り付けた4ツ口フラスコ内を窒素雰囲気にし、HMDIを600部、3価アルコールであるポリカプロラクトン系ポリエステルポリオール(ダイセル化学社製、プラクセル303、分子量300)30部を仕込み、撹拌下反応器内温度を90℃1時間保持しウレタン化反応を行った。その後反応器内温度を60℃に保持し、イソシアヌレート化触媒テトラメチルアンモニウムカプリエートを加え、収率が48%になった時点で燐酸を添加し反応を停止し、ポリイソシアネート組成物(C-1)を得た。
塗布液(D-1)の調整
下記の塗剤を混合し、塗布液を作成した。粒子Aは屈折率2.1のSnO2、粒子Bは平均1次粒径 約500nmのシリカ粒子である。
水 43.26質量%
イソプロパノール 30.00質量%
ポリエステル水分散液(B-1) 20.07質量%
水性ブロックポリイソシアネート樹脂(C-2) 0.74質量%
粒子A 5.58質量%
(多木化学製セラメースS-8、固形分濃度8質量%)
粒子B 0.30質量%
(日本触媒製シーホスターKEW50、固形分濃度15質量%)
界面活性剤 0.05質量%
(日信化学工業製ダイノール604、固形分濃度100質量%)
塗布液(D-2)の調整
ポリエステル水分散体をB-2に、粒子Aを屈折率1.46のSiO2(日産化学工業製スノーテックスZL、固形分濃度40質量%)に変更した以外は塗布液(D-1)と同様にして塗布液(D-2)を得た。
実施例1
(基材フィルムA)
基材フィルム中間層用原料として粒子を含有しないPET(X)樹脂ペレット90質量部と紫外線吸収剤を含有したPET(Y)樹脂ペレット10質量部を135℃で6時間減圧乾燥(1Torr)した後、押出機2(中間層II層用)に供給し、また、PET(X)を常法により乾燥して押出機1(外層I層および外層III用)にそれぞれ供給し、285℃で溶解した。この2種のポリマーを、それぞれステンレス焼結体の濾材(公称濾過精度10μm粒子95%カット)で濾過し、2種3層合流ブロックにて、積層し、口金よりシート状にして押し出した後、静電印加キャスト法を用いて表面温度30℃のキャスティングドラムに巻きつけて冷却固化し、未延伸フィルムを作った。この時、I層、II層、III層の厚さの比は10:80:10となるように各押し出し機の吐出量を調整した。
基材フィルムB、C
厚みを変えた以外は基材フィルムAと同様にして、基材フィルムBを得た。
基材フィルムD、E
基材フィルムAと同様にして得られた未延伸PETフィルムを低速ロール、高速ロールからなるMD延伸機を用いて90℃で1.1倍延伸した。その後、塗布液D-1を塗工し、テンターでの延伸倍率を4.2倍とした以外は、基材フィルムAと同様にして基材フィルムDを得た。
また、MDの延伸倍率を1,25倍とし、テンターの温度を110℃とした以外は基材フィルムDと同様にして基材フィルムEを得た。
基材フィルムF
厚みを変え、テンターの温度を110℃、延伸倍率を4.8倍とした以外は基材フィルムAと同様にして基材フィルムFを得た。
基材フィルムG
MD延伸倍率を3.1倍、テンター温度を120℃、倍率を3.5倍とした以外は基材フィルムDと同様にして基材フィルムGを得た。
基材フィルムH
塗布液をD-2とした以外は基材フィルムBと同様にして基材フィルムHを得た。
市販のフルカラーシリアルLEDテープを1m×1.5mの白色プラスチック坂上に並べ、その上に液晶表示装置のバックライトユニットに用いられている拡散板、さらにその上にガラス板を載せ、LEDを白色発光させて疑似μLED画像表示装置とした。なお、シリアルLEDテープは赤、緑、青の発光ダイオードの素子が搭載されたチップがテープ状の基板に並んで装着されているものである。なお、チップ以外の部分は黒色の紙テープで覆った。
得られた基材フィルムの幅方向の中央から、遅相軸方向が短辺と平行になるようにして1m×1.5mに切り出し、模擬μLED画像表示装置のガラス板上に光学用粘着剤を用いて貼り合わせ、評価用の表面保護フィルム付き模擬μLED画像表示装置とした。
作成した表面保護フィルム付き模擬μLED画像表示装置を、室外光が入る部屋の壁に、模擬μLED画像表示装置の中央が160cmの高さ、長辺方向が水平となるように設置した。なお、部屋は、照明として蛍光灯型白色LEDが用いられ、床面は茶色のリノリウム製、壁は弱い光沢のあるクリーム色の塩化ビニル製の壁紙である。
模擬μLED画像表示装置を設置した壁から約1m離れ、横方向に移動しながら、偏光サングラスを掛けて消灯した状態の模擬μLED画像表示装置を眺め、画面に映った室内や室外を観察した。評価は下記とし、◎、○を合格とした。
◎:観察者の位置によらず、画面に虹斑は認められなかった。
○:観察者の位置がごく一部の範囲で、画面の端部分など、正面からの角度が大きい部分に虹斑が認められた。
△: 観察者の位置が広い範囲で、画面の一部に虹斑が認められた。
×:観察者の位置によらず、画面の広い部分で虹斑が認められた。
なお、模擬μLED画像表示装置を点灯した場合、偏光サングラスを掛けずに観察した場合いずれにおいても、虹斑の強さの差はあるが、評価結果として上記のランクに差はないため、消灯した状態で偏光サングラスを掛けて観察した評価結果を代表とした。
遅相軸方向が長辺と平行になるようにして基材フィルムから切り出した以外は外光反射による虹斑評価1と同様にした。
外光反射による虹斑評価1,2と同様にして表面保護フィルムを貼った模擬μLED画像表示装置を点灯させ、偏光サングラスをかけた状態で画面を観察した。なお、画面に反射光が入る位置には黒色の布を貼ったパネルを置き、画面の反射光による影響を排除した。
(ハードコート層の形成)
作成した基材フィルムの片面に、下記組成のハードコート層形成用塗布液を#10ワイヤーバーを用いて塗布し、70℃で1分間乾燥し、溶剤を除去した。次いで、ハードコート層を塗布したフィルムに高圧水銀灯を用いて300mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射し、厚み5μmのハードコート層を有する表面保護フィルムを得た。
・ハードコート層形成用塗布液
メチルエチルケトン 65.00質量%
ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート 27.20質量%
(新中村化学製A-DPH)
ポリエチレンジアクリレート 6.80質量%
(新中村化学製A-400)
光重合開始剤 1.00質量%
(チバスペシャリティーケミカルズ社製イルガキュア184)
ハードコートを形成した表面保護フィルムを10cm(フィルム幅方向)×15cm(フィルム長手方向)の面積に切り出し、試料フィルムを作成した。得られた試料フィルムのハードコート層面とは反対面に、黒色光沢テープ(日東電工株式会社製、ビニルテープ No21;黒)を貼り合わせた。この試料フィルムのハードコート層面を上面にして、3波長形昼白色(ナショナル パルック、F.L 15EX-N 15W)を光源として、斜め上から目視でもっとも反射が強く見える位置関係(光源からの距離40~60cm、15~45°の角度)で観察した。
○:あらゆる角度からの観察でもほとんど干渉色は見られない
△:僅かに虹彩状色彩が観察される
×:はっきりとした虹彩状色彩が観察される
実施例2において得られた基材フィルムBの片面に、バーコーターを用いて下記組成の中屈折率層形成用塗布液を塗布し、70℃1分間乾燥後、高圧水銀灯を用いて400mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射し、乾燥膜厚5μmの中屈折率層を得た。次に、形成した中屈折率層の上に、バーコーターを用いて、下記組成の高屈折率層形成用塗布液を中屈折率層と同様の方法で形成し、さらにその上に下記組成の低屈折率層形成用塗布液を中屈折率層と同様の方法で形成し、反射防止層を積層した表面保護フィルムを得た。反射防止性を有する好ましい表面保護フィルムが得られた。
反射率は0.7%であった。反射率は、分光光度計(島津製作所製、UV-3150)を用い、波長550nmにおける5度反射率を測定した。なお、フィルムの反射防止層(又は低反射層)を設けた側とは反対側の面に、黒マジックを塗った後、黒ビニルテープ((株)共和ビニルテープ HF-737 幅50mm)を貼って測定した。
・中屈折率層形成用塗布液(屈折率1.52)
ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート 70質量部
1,6-ビス(3-アクリロイルオキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロピルオキシ)ヘキサン 30質量部
光重合開始剤 4質量部
(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ(株)製、イルガキュア184)
イソプロパノール 100質量部
・高屈折率層形成用塗布液(屈折率1.64)
ITO微粒子(平均粒子0.07μm) 85質量部
テトラメチロールメタントリアクリレート 15質量部
光重合開始剤(KAYACURE BMS、日本化薬製) 5質量部
ブチルアルコール 900質量部
・低屈折率層形成用塗布液(屈折率1.42)
1,10-ジアクリロイルオキシ-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-ヘキサデカフルオロデカン 70質量部
ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート 10質量部
シリカゲル微粒子(XBA-ST、日産化学製) 60質量部
光重合開始剤(KAYACURE BMS、日本化薬製) 5質量部
Claims (9)
- 画像表示部分の最表面に表面保護フィルムが積層されたマイクロLED画像表示装置であって、前記表面保護フィルムの面内リタデーションが3000nm以上30000nm以下であるマイクロLED画像表示装置。
- 前記表面保護フィルムのNz係数が1.78以下である、請求項1に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
- 前記表面保護フィルムがポリエステルフィルムである、請求項1または2に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
- 前記表面保護フィルムの遅相軸方向が、マイクロLED画像表示装置の画像表示部分の長辺方向、又は、短辺方向と略平行である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
- 前記表面保護フィルムが基材フィルムとその視認側に機能性層を有する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
- 前記機能性層が、反射防止層、低反射層、及び防眩層の少なくとも1つである、請求項5に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
- 前記基材フィルムの機能性層の面側に易接着層を有する請求項5又は6に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
- 前記易接着層に含まれる樹脂がナフタレン環構造を有する樹脂である請求項7に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
- 前記易接着層が高屈折率粒子を含む請求項7に記載のマイクロLED画像表示装置。
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JP2023551419A JPWO2023054181A1 (ja) | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-22 | |
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CN202280063509.3A CN117999596A (zh) | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-22 | 微型led图像显示装置 |
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JP2011107198A (ja) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-06-02 | Keio Gijuku | 液晶表示装置の視認性改善方法、及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
JP2015143778A (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 偏光子保護フィルム、偏光板、それを用いた液晶表示装置 |
JP2019079053A (ja) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-23 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 偏光子保護フィルム、偏光板及び画像表示装置 |
JP2020134678A (ja) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-31 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 位相差層積層偏光板およびそれを用いた画像表示装置 |
JP2020164803A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-08 | 住友化学株式会社 | 重合性液晶組成物、液晶硬化膜、楕円偏光板及び有機el表示装置 |
JP2021047409A (ja) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-03-25 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 表示装置、及び表示装置の光学フィルムの選定方法 |
JP2021063984A (ja) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-22 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 光学積層体及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
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JP2021067763A (ja) | 2019-10-21 | 2021-04-30 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置及び表示装置の製造方法 |
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US20070153162A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-05 | Wright Robin E | Reinforced reflective polarizer films |
JP2011107198A (ja) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-06-02 | Keio Gijuku | 液晶表示装置の視認性改善方法、及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
JP2015143778A (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 偏光子保護フィルム、偏光板、それを用いた液晶表示装置 |
JP2019079053A (ja) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-23 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 偏光子保護フィルム、偏光板及び画像表示装置 |
JP2020134678A (ja) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-31 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 位相差層積層偏光板およびそれを用いた画像表示装置 |
JP2020164803A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-08 | 住友化学株式会社 | 重合性液晶組成物、液晶硬化膜、楕円偏光板及び有機el表示装置 |
JP2021063984A (ja) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-22 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 光学積層体及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
JP2021047409A (ja) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-03-25 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 表示装置、及び表示装置の光学フィルムの選定方法 |
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TW202319781A (zh) | 2023-05-16 |
JPWO2023054181A1 (ja) | 2023-04-06 |
KR20240061648A (ko) | 2024-05-08 |
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