WO2023040114A1 - 充换电站 - Google Patents

充换电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023040114A1
WO2023040114A1 PCT/CN2021/142010 CN2021142010W WO2023040114A1 WO 2023040114 A1 WO2023040114 A1 WO 2023040114A1 CN 2021142010 W CN2021142010 W CN 2021142010W WO 2023040114 A1 WO2023040114 A1 WO 2023040114A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
chamber
charging
vehicle
front wheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/142010
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹恒访
吴小平
Original Assignee
博众精工科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 博众精工科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 博众精工科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023040114A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040114A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery swapping for vehicles, for example, to a charging and swapping station.
  • the charging and swapping station is an energy station that provides charging and quick replacement of the power battery for the power battery of an electric vehicle.
  • the time for the vehicle to replace the power battery to replace the power battery in the charging and swapping station is usually 1min-3min, and the power swapping efficiency is high. .
  • the charging and swapping station in the related art usually includes a battery swapping bin and a charging bin. There is a charging stand in the charging bin.
  • the charging rack is set to store the power battery and can charge the power battery that is short of power. Vehicles that need to replace the power battery drive into the replacement In the battery compartment, the battery transfer device can be transferred between the battery exchange compartment and the charging compartment to transfer the power battery on the vehicle to the charging compartment for charging, and install the fully charged power battery in the charging compartment to the vehicle.
  • the charging and swapping station in the related art is made of multiple containers spliced together, which occupies a large area and is inconvenient for location selection; in addition, after putting in, it is necessary to re-check the splicing and position of each container, and It is necessary to re-adjust the operation of the entire charging and swapping station, and extend the operation time of the charging and swapping station after it is put into operation.
  • the application provides a charging and swapping station, which occupies a small area, is easy to put in, and can reduce inspection and debugging procedures after putting in, and is convenient to operate.
  • a charging and swapping station comprising: a battery swapping box, a battery swapping chamber, a charging chamber, and a power supply chamber that are connected to each other are arranged inside the battery swapping box, and the battery swapping chamber and the power supply chamber They are respectively located on both sides of the charging chamber, the charging chamber is provided with a charging assembly, the power supply chamber is provided with a power supply cabinet, the power supply cabinet is configured to supply power to the charging assembly, and the battery exchange chamber It is set for the vehicle to be replaced to enter and exit, the charging assembly is set to charge the power battery stored in the charging chamber; and the battery transfer device is configured to connect between the battery replacement chamber and the charging chamber transfer between the vehicles, so as to transfer the power battery on the vehicle to the charging chamber for charging, and the battery transfer device is also configured to transfer the fully charged power battery in the charging chamber to the charging chamber. Electric chamber and installed on the vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging and swapping station provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of a charging and swapping station provided by an embodiment of the present application without one side panel of the battery swapping box;
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram 2 of a charging and swapping station provided by an embodiment of the present application, with one side panel of the battery swapping box hidden;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of charging racks in the charging and swapping station provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a charging rack in a charging and swapping station provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a charging frame in a charging and swapping station provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the charging stand in another viewing angle of the charging and swapping station provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery exchange chamber of the charging and exchange station provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view at A of Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is a partial enlarged view at B of Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a front wheel pushing assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a rear wheel pushing assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 20-positioning mechanism 201-front wheel alignment assembly; 2011-front wheel alignment frame; 2012-front wheel alignment roller assembly; 2013-front wheel push assembly; 202-rear wheel alignment assembly; 2021-rear wheel alignment frame; 2022 - Rear wheel positioning roller assembly; 2023 - Rear wheel push assembly;
  • 60-battery replacement box 601-battery replacement chamber; 6011-opening; 6012-gate; 6013-vehicle model scanning mechanism; 602-charging chamber; 603-power supply chamber; 6031-power supply cabinet;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • a first feature being "on” or “under” a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, and may also include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through another characteristic contact between them.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “under” the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • this embodiment provides a charging and swapping station, which includes a battery swapping box 60 and a battery transfer device 30, wherein the battery swapping box 60 is provided with a connected battery
  • the chamber 601, the charging chamber 602 and the power supply chamber 603, the power exchange chamber 601 and the power supply chamber 603 are respectively located on both sides of the charging chamber 602, the power supply chamber 603 is provided with a power supply cabinet 6031, and the power supply cabinet 6031 can be
  • the charging assembly 3 in the charging chamber 602 supplies power
  • the battery exchange chamber 601 is used for the entry and exit of the vehicle to be replaced, and the charging assembly 3 charges the power battery stored in the charging chamber 602
  • the battery transfer device 30 is configured to chamber 601 and charging chamber 602, so as to transfer the power battery on the vehicle to the charging chamber 602 for charging
  • the battery transfer device 30 is also configured to transfer the fully charged power battery in the charging chamber 602 Transfer to the battery replacement chamber 601 and install on the vehicle.
  • the battery transfer device 30 is a rail guided vehicle (R
  • a battery swapping chamber 601, a charging chamber 602, and a power supply chamber 603 that are connected to each other are arranged inside a battery swapping box 60.
  • the electric compartment, the charging chamber 602 is equivalent to the charging compartment in the related art
  • the power supply chamber 603 is for accommodating the power supply cabinet 6031, and the power supply cabinet 6031 can supply power for the charging component 3 in the charging chamber 602, so as to realize the charging component 3 to the power battery charging operation.
  • the charging stand 10 includes a support frame 1 and a plurality of support mechanisms 2, and the plurality of support mechanisms 2 are arranged on the support frame 1 at intervals along the height direction of the support frame 1, and each support mechanism 2 includes a plurality of The support assemblies 21 arranged at intervals, two adjacent support assemblies 21 along the length direction of the support frame 1 form a battery position, and the two adjacent battery positions along the length direction of the support frame 1 share a support between them Components 21, each battery position can carry a power battery, and each battery position is provided with a charging component 3 respectively.
  • a plurality of support assemblies 21 are separately arranged at intervals in the height direction and the length direction of the support frame 1, and two support assemblies 21 adjacent to each other along the length direction of the support frame 1 form a battery position, so that the support frame 1 can carry Multiple rows and rows of power batteries increase the power battery storage capacity of a single charging stand 10; compared with the way in which multiple charging stands are arranged side by side in the related art, the charging stand 10 can save the space between two adjacent support stands 1.
  • the spacing can be used to store more power batteries, and the storage gap between two adjacent power batteries along the length direction of the support frame 1 is reduced, which greatly increases the power battery on the charging stand 10.
  • the storage capacity can avoid the reduction of the storage capacity of the power battery due to the small space of the charging chamber 602 .
  • the number of charging racks 10 is two, and the two charging racks 10 are arranged symmetrically at intervals along the length direction of the charging chamber 602 .
  • the palletizer 70 can transfer the power battery that is short of power on the battery transfer device 30 to the charging rack 10, and can also transfer the fully charged power battery on the charging rack 10 to the battery transfer device 30, thereby realizing the power battery on the vehicle. Automated replacement reduces operator workload and labor costs.
  • each charging assembly 3 includes a lifting part and a charging part respectively, the lifting part is arranged on the support frame 1, the charging part is connected with the output end of the lifting part, and the lifting part can drive the charging part to go up and down, so as to realize charging The electrical connection or disconnection of the internal part and the power battery.
  • the lifting part may specifically be a lifting electric cylinder.
  • the charging part is an electric plug, and the electric plug can be electrically connected with an external power source.
  • the support frame 1 includes a frame body 11 which is a rectangular parallelepiped frame.
  • the frame body 11 includes two square frames 111 and a plurality of connecting vertical beams 112 , and the two square frames 111 are arranged in a vertical direction and connected by a plurality of connecting vertical beams 112 .
  • the number of connecting vertical beams 112 is four, and the four connecting vertical beams 112 are respectively located at the four corners of the square frame 111 .
  • the cuboid frame includes four sides, a bottom surface and a top surface, wherein, the two sides opposite along the width direction of the frame body 11 are defined as first sides, and the two sides opposite along the length direction of the frame body 11 are defined as second side.
  • a plurality of spacer vertical beams 12 are arranged in parallel and at intervals. The distance between two adjacent spacer vertical beams 12 is the width of a battery position. Beams 12 are arranged to separate each row of battery positions.
  • a plurality of supporting beams 14 are also arranged on one of the first side surfaces of the frame body 11. Beam 12; no support beam 14 is provided on the other first side of the frame body 11, so that a plurality of battery inlets and outlets are formed between the frame body 11 and the spacer vertical beam 12, and each battery inlet and outlet is provided for the corresponding column. Access to the power battery on the battery position.
  • the supporting beam 14 can strengthen the frame body 11 and ensure the strength of the charging stand 10 .
  • a plurality of load-bearing crossbeams 13 are respectively arranged on two second sides opposite to each other along the length direction of the frame body 11, and the load-bearing beams 13 on each second side are arranged in parallel and at intervals along the height direction of the frame body 11;
  • a load beam 13 is also connected between the two spacing vertical beams 12 , and the load beam 13 corresponds to the support assembly 21 one by one, and the load beam 13 is configured to carry the corresponding support assembly 21 .
  • the support assembly 21 on the load beam 13 in the middle of the frame body 11 is shared by two adjacent battery positions, which simplifies the manufacturing process, improves the processing efficiency, and can reduce the gap between two adjacent power batteries along the length direction of the support frame 1. load spacing.
  • each support assembly 21 includes a plurality of support members 211 arranged at intervals along the width direction of the support frame 1 . That is, a plurality of support members 211 are arranged at intervals on each load beam 13 along the length direction of the load beam 13 .
  • the length of each supporting member 211 is respectively smaller than the length of the power battery.
  • the supporting member 211 is made of metal material, which has high strength and can provide a relatively stable load for the power battery.
  • the supporting frame 1 is made of metal material, and the overall strength of the supporting frame 1 is relatively high, which can stably carry multiple power batteries.
  • the support piece 211 is welded on the support frame 1 , the connection is firm and the stability is high, and the probability of the support piece 211 falling off from the support frame 1 can be reduced.
  • each support member 211 is provided with a buffer member 212 to ensure that the surface of the power battery is not damaged.
  • the cushioning member 212 is made of rubber material, which has good cushioning performance, is easy to obtain and has low manufacturing cost.
  • the support members 211 located on both sides of the frame body 11 are defined as the first support members, and the support members 211 located inside the frame body 11 are defined as the first support members.
  • the support 211 is defined as a second support, and the second support is shared by two adjacent battery positions.
  • the end of the first support member is disposed on the corresponding load beam 13 and extends toward the inner side of the support frame 1 , and the end of the first support member away from the load beam 13 is provided with a buffer member 212 .
  • the middle part of the second supporting member is arranged on the corresponding bearing beam 13 , and the two ends of the second supporting member are respectively provided with buffer members 212 .
  • each battery position is provided with a positioning structure 4, the positioning structure 4 includes positioning pins, and the positioning pins are arranged on the support frame 1, A positioning hole is provided on the power battery, and the positioning pin can be passed through the positioning hole.
  • the positioning pin when the palletizer 70 inserts the power battery that lacks power into the corresponding battery position, when the positioning pin is completely inserted into the positioning hole, it means that the power battery is installed in place, and the lifting part can be driven The charging part moves downward so that the electric plug is inserted into the charging hole of the power battery to charge the power battery.
  • Accurate positioning between the power battery and the charging assembly 3 can be achieved by providing positioning pins and positioning holes that cooperate with each other.
  • the number of positioning pins on each battery position is two respectively, and the two positioning pins are respectively located on two sides of the battery position.
  • the number of positioning holes on each power battery is two, and each positioning pin corresponds to a positioning hole on the power battery, which further increases the positioning effect between the power battery and the charging assembly 3, and also It can prevent the power battery located on the battery position from deflecting.
  • the thickness of the support member 211 is smaller than the thickness of the load beam 13 .
  • an avoidance space 15 is provided at the bottom of the charging stand 10 near the side of the battery replacement chamber 601 , and the avoidance space 15 is set to avoid the battery transfer device 30 .
  • an avoidance space 15 is provided on the charging rack 10 near the side of the battery exchange chamber 601, and no avoidance space 15 is provided on the charging rack 10 on the side away from the battery exchange chamber 601, and there are 30 battery transfer devices
  • the docking with the palletizer 70 needs to be realized through the avoidance space 15 provided on the charging rack 10 near the side of the battery replacement chamber 601 .
  • the storage capacity of the power battery of the charging and swapping station can be further increased, and an additional row of support mechanisms 2 can be provided on the charging stand 10 without the avoidance space 15 .
  • the battery exchange box 60 is a container. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, two spacer plates 40 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the battery exchange box 60 in the battery exchange box 60, and the two spacer plates 40 separate the inside of the battery exchange box 60 to form a battery exchange system. Chamber 601 , charging chamber 602 and power supply chamber 603 .
  • the size of the container and the distance between two adjacent partition plates 40 are not limited in this embodiment, and can be adjusted according to the storage capacity of the power battery in the charging chamber 602 and the size of the vehicle.
  • an avoidance hole 401 is provided on the partition plate 40 between the battery exchange chamber 601 and the charging chamber 602, and the battery transfer device 30 Can pass through the avoidance hole 401 . It can be understood that the avoidance hole 401 is set opposite to the avoidance space 15 of the charging rack 10 to facilitate the laying of the running track of the RGV in the battery exchange chamber 601 and the charging chamber 602 to meet the linear travel requirement of the RGV.
  • the charging and swapping station also includes a vehicle model scanning mechanism 6013, a positioning mechanism 20 and a controller, a vehicle model scanning mechanism 6013,
  • the positioning mechanism 20 and the battery transfer device 30 are electrically connected to the controller respectively, and the vehicle model scanning mechanism 6013 is configured to scan the model information of the vehicle; the positioning mechanism 20 is arranged in the battery replacement chamber 601, and the positioning mechanism 20 is configured to locate the vehicle in the
  • the position in the battery exchange chamber 601 is such that the central axis of the vehicle is parallel to the running direction of the battery transfer device 30.
  • the battery transfer device 30 can determine the power battery on the vehicle according to the model information and the position of the vehicle in the battery exchange chamber 601. installation location.
  • the vehicle model scanning mechanism 6013 is a scanning camera.
  • an opening 6011 is provided on the side of the battery exchange chamber 601 away from the charging chamber 602, the vehicle to be replaced enters the interior of the battery exchange chamber 601 through the opening 6011, and the vehicle model scanning mechanism 6013 is arranged at the opening Office 6011.
  • the vehicle model scanning mechanism 6013 scans the vehicle model information and transmits the vehicle model information to the controller; then, the vehicle drives into the battery exchange chamber 601 and passes through the positioning mechanism 20 realize the positioning of the vehicle so that the central axis of the vehicle is parallel to the running direction of the battery transfer device 30, determine the installation position of the power battery on the vehicle according to the specific position of the vehicle in the battery exchange chamber 601 and the model information of the vehicle, and control The battery transfer device 30 is moved to directly below the installation position of the power battery, so as to disassemble and replace the power battery on the vehicle.
  • the vehicle model scanning mechanism 6013 obtains the model information of the vehicle, not only can accurately locate the installation position of the power battery on the vehicle, but also enables the battery transfer device 30 to install the power battery suitable for the vehicle model on the vehicle, improving the accuracy of battery replacement.
  • the positioning mechanism 20 includes a front wheel positioning assembly 201 and a rear wheel positioning assembly 202, the front wheel positioning assembly 201 is configured to position the front wheels of the vehicle; the rear wheel positioning assembly 202 is configured to position the rear wheels of the vehicle Location.
  • the front wheel positioning assembly 201 and the rear wheel positioning assembly 202 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the battery exchange chamber 601, and the rear wheel positioning assembly 202 is located on the side close to the charging chamber 602, and the battery transfer device 30 can Walk from the rear of the vehicle to directly below the installation position of the power battery.
  • the RGV usually walks from the two sides of the vehicle to the bottom of the vehicle. In this way, there are usually the following defects: since the RGV's running track is determined, after the RGV walks to the bottom of the vehicle, it can only move vertically Adjust the position in the direction of the central axis of the vehicle. Due to the different wheelbases of different types of vehicles, in order to adapt to the position of the RGV, the vehicle needs to be adjusted in a direction parallel to the central axis of the vehicle. During the process of vehicle position, the vehicle is prone to shaking, resulting in poor user experience.
  • the battery transfer device 30 walks from the rear of the vehicle to directly below the installation position of the power battery, and the walking direction of the battery transfer device 30 coincides with the central axis of the vehicle.
  • the size of the vehicle is lengthened.
  • the RGV only needs to be adjusted along the direction parallel to the central axis of the vehicle.
  • the position of the vehicle does not need to be changed.
  • the adjustment process is simple and efficient, and the user experience is better. .
  • a gate 6012 is also provided at the opening 6011 .
  • This gate 6012 is similar to the barrier gate that high-speed toll station place is provided with. By setting the gate 6012, only one vehicle in the battery exchange chamber 601 is replacing the power battery at a time, and the gate 6012 prevents other vehicles from entering, so as to ensure the accuracy of battery exchange in the charging and swapping station.
  • the specific structure of the positioning mechanism 20 will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 8-10 .
  • the front wheel positioning assembly 201 includes a front wheel positioning frame 2011 and two front wheel pushing assemblies 2013, and the front wheel positioning frame 2011 is arranged on the inner bottom wall of the battery exchange chamber 601,
  • the front wheel positioning frame 2011 is provided with a V-shaped accommodation structure, and the front wheels of the vehicle can be accommodated in the V-shaped accommodation structure; two front wheel pushing assemblies 2013 are respectively located on both sides of the front wheel positioning frame 2011, and the front wheel pushing assembly 2013 It can push the vehicle to move in the direction perpendicular to the vehicle's entry and exit.
  • the front wheels When the vehicle enters the battery exchange chamber 601, the front wheels can be sunk in the V-shaped accommodating structure to realize the positioning of the vehicle in the length direction of the battery exchange box 60;
  • the assembly 2013 can push the vehicle to the middle of the battery exchange box 60 along the width direction of the battery exchange box 60, so as to realize the positioning of the vehicle in the width direction of the battery exchange box 60, and at this time define the center of the line connecting the two front wheels That is, it is the coordinate origin of the battery replacement chamber 601, which simplifies the calculation program of the controller and improves the calculation efficiency.
  • the length direction of the battery swap box 60 specifically refers to a direction parallel to the central axis of the vehicle
  • the width direction of the battery swap box 60 specifically refers to a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the vehicle.
  • the front wheel pushing assembly 2013 includes a driving source and a pushing block, and the output end of the driving source is connected to the pushing block, so as to drive the pushing block to move in a direction close to the vehicle, so as to push the vehicle to realize positioning .
  • the driving source is an electric cylinder or a motor and a screw nut assembly, and other driving sources capable of driving the ejector block to move toward the vehicle are also within the protection scope of this embodiment.
  • each group of front wheel positioning roller assemblies 2012 includes a plurality of front wheel positioning roller assemblies 2012 which are rotatably arranged on the front wheel positioning frame 2011.
  • Rollers, two groups of front wheel positioning roller assemblies 2012 The front wheel positioning rollers are arranged in a V-shape in the axial direction to form the above-mentioned V-shaped positioning structure.
  • the number of front wheel alignment frames 2011 is two, and the two front wheel alignment frames 2011 are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the battery exchange box 60 .
  • Two sets of front wheel positioning roller assemblies 2012 are respectively provided, and each front wheel positioning frame 2011 corresponds to a front wheel.
  • the length of the front wheel positioning frame 2011 and the number of front wheel positioning rollers can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
  • one front wheel positioning frame 2011 can also be provided, and one front wheel mounting frame 211 realizes positioning of two front wheels at the same time.
  • the rear wheel alignment assembly 202 includes a rear wheel alignment frame 2021, a rear wheel alignment roller assembly 2022 and two rear wheel pushing assemblies 2023, and the rear wheel alignment frame 2021 is arranged on the inner bottom wall of the battery replacement chamber 601, and is spaced apart from the front wheel positioning frame 2011;
  • the rear wheel positioning roller assembly 2022 includes a plurality of rear wheel positioning rollers rotatably arranged on the rear wheel positioning frame 2021, The axial direction of the rear wheel alignment roller is parallel to the central axis direction of the vehicle;
  • two rear wheel push assemblies 2023 are respectively located on both sides of the rear wheel alignment frame 2021, and the rear wheel push assembly 2023 can push the vehicle along the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the vehicle.
  • the rear wheel alignment rollers can rotate relative to the rear wheel alignment frame 2021, thereby reducing the alignment between the rear wheels and the rear wheels.
  • the friction between the frame 2021 ensures the smoothness of the vehicle movement, reduces the wear of the rear wheels, and prolongs the service life of the rear wheels.
  • the specific structure of the rear wheel pushing assembly 2023 is the same as that of the front wheel pushing assembly 2013, and the specific structure of the rear wheel pushing assembly 2023 will not be described redundantly in this embodiment.
  • the length design of the rear wheel positioning roller should ensure that: the distance between the end of the rear wheel positioning roller close to the charging chamber 602 and the center of the V-shaped accommodating structure is greater than the maximum distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the vehicle.
  • the distance, the distance between the end of the rear wheel positioning roller away from the charging chamber 602 and the center of the V-shaped accommodating structure is smaller than the minimum distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the vehicle. Adopting this design can ensure that existing vehicles can be accurately positioned in the charging and swapping station and realize the replacement of power batteries.
  • the charging and swapping station also includes a jacking mechanism 50, which is located in the battery swapping chamber 601, and the jacking mechanism 50 is configured to drive the vehicle that has completed the positioning to lift up. The distance is set to provide sufficient space for the movement of the battery transfer device 30 .
  • a passage groove may also be provided on the inner bottom wall of the battery exchange chamber 601.
  • the width of the passage groove is smaller than the distance between the two rear wheels, and the battery transfer device 30 can move into the passage groove.
  • the battery transfer device 30 is just located at the bottom of the vehicle, which can also prevent the battery transfer device 30 from interfering with the vehicle frame when disassembling and installing the power battery on the vehicle.
  • the vehicle model scanning mechanism 6013 obtains the picture information of the vehicle, and transmits the information to the controller, and the controller records the license plate number of the vehicle , and judge the model of the vehicle, retrieve the power battery information on the vehicle according to the model of the vehicle, then control the gate 6012 to open, the vehicle reverses and enters the battery exchange chamber 601, and after the vehicle completely enters the battery exchange chamber 601, control The controller control gate 6012 is closed.
  • the jacking mechanism 50 drives the positioned vehicle to move up a preset distance.
  • the controller obtains the coordinates of the battery installation location of the vehicle relative to the battery replacement chamber 601 according to the model of the vehicle and the installation location of the battery on the vehicle.
  • the controller controls the battery transfer device 30 to move from the rear of the vehicle to the installation location of the battery. Just below the position to remove the power-deficient power battery on the vehicle.
  • the battery transfer device 30 carries the power battery that is short of power through the avoidance hole 401 and the avoidance space 15, and enters the charging chamber 602; the palletizer 70 removes the power battery that is short of power on the battery transfer device 30, and Transfer to any battery position that does not carry a power battery.
  • the controller obtains the model of the power battery on the vehicle according to the model of the vehicle, and controls the palletizer 70 to remove the fully charged power battery of the corresponding model from the charging rack 10 and transfer it to the battery transfer device 30 .
  • the battery transfer device 30 carries the fully charged power battery through the avoidance space 15 and the avoidance hole 401 in turn, and enters the battery replacement chamber 601.
  • the controller controls the battery transfer device 30 to move to the right below the battery installation position of the vehicle , and a fully charged power battery is installed on the vehicle, and the battery transfer device 30 is reset.
  • the jacking mechanism 50 drives the vehicle to move downward and reset.
  • the controller controls the gate 6012 to open, and the vehicle can drive out of the charging and swapping station.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种充换电站，包括换电箱体（60）和电池转运装置（30），换电箱体（60）内部设置有相连通的换电腔室（601）、充电腔室（602）和供电腔室（603），换电腔室（601）和供电腔室（603）分别位于充电腔室（602）的两侧，所述充电腔室（602）内设有充电组件（3），供电腔室（603）内设置有供电柜（6031），供电柜（6031）设置为给充电组件（3）供电，换电腔室（601）设置为供待更换动力电池的车辆进出，充电组件（3）设置为给充电腔室（602）内储存的动力电池充电；电池转运装置（30）被配置为在换电腔室（601）和充电腔室（602）之间转移，以将车辆上缺电的动力电池转移至充电腔室（602）内进行充电，电池转运装置（30）还被配置为将充电腔室（602）内满电的动力电池转移至换电腔室（601）内并安装于车辆上。

Description

充换电站
本申请要求申请日为2021年9月18日、申请号为202111098776.8的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆换电技术领域，例如涉及一种充换电站。
背景技术
随着科技进步和社会发展，纯电动车辆等多种类型的新能源车辆日益获得广泛使用。由于受到当前电池能量密度的限制，电动汽车的续航里程通常为100km-200km，远小于传统燃油车辆的续航里程，因此，充换电站应运而生。充换电站是为电动汽车的动力电池提供充电和动力电池快速更换的能源站，待更换动力电池的车辆在充换电站内对动力电池进行更换的时间通常在1min-3min，换电效率较高。
相关技术中的充换电站通常包括换电仓和充电仓，充电仓内设置有充电架，充电架设置为储存动力电池并能为缺电的动力电池充电，需要更换动力电池的车辆驶入换电仓内，电池转运装置能够在换电仓和充电仓之间转移，以将车辆上缺电的动力电池转移至充电仓内充电，并将充电仓内满电的动力电池安装至车辆上。
但是，相关技术中的充换电站是采用多个集装箱拼接而成，占地面积较大，不方便选址投放；此外，在投放后，还需要重新检验各个集装箱之间的拼接和位置，并需要再次调试整个充换电站动作，延长投放后进行充换电站运营的时间。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种充换电站，占地面积较小，易投放，且能够减少投放后的检查及调试的工序，方便操作。
一种充换电站，包括：换电箱体，所述换电箱体内部设置有相连通的换电腔室、充电腔室和供电腔室，所述换电腔室和所述供电腔室分别位于所述充电腔室的两侧，所述充电腔室内设有充电组件，所述供电腔室内设置有供电柜， 所述供电柜设置为给所述充电组件供电，所述换电腔室设置为供待更换动力电池的车辆进出，所述充电组件设置为给所述充电腔室内储存的动力电池充电；及电池转运装置，被配置为在所述换电腔室和所述充电腔室之间转移，以将所述车辆上缺电的动力电池转移至所述充电腔室内进行充电，所述电池转运装置还被配置为将所述充电腔室内满电的动力电池转移至所述换电腔室内并安装于所述车辆上。
附图说明
图1是本申请一实施例提供的充换电站的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例提供的充换电站隐去换电箱体一侧板的结构示意图一；
图3是本申请一实施例提供的充换电站隐去换电箱体一侧板的结构示意图二；
图4是本申请一实施例提供的充换电站中充电架的排布方式示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例提供的充换电站中充电架的俯视示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例提供的充换电站中充电架在一个视角下的结构示意图；
图7是本申请一实施例提供的充换电站中充电架在另一个视角下的结构示意图；
图8是本申请一实施例提供的充换电站的换电腔室内的结构示意图；
图9是图8在A处的局部放大图；
图10是图8在B处的局部放大图；
图11是本申请一实施例提供的一个前轮推动组件的示意图；
图12是本申请一实施例提供的一个后轮推动组件的示意图。
图中：
10-充电架；
1-支撑架；11-框架本体；111-方形框架；112-连接竖梁；12-间隔竖梁；13-承载横梁；14-支撑横梁；15-避让空间；
2-支撑机构；21-支撑组件；211-支撑件；212-缓冲件；
3-充电组件；4-定位结构；
20-定位机构；201-前轮定位组件；2011-前轮定位架；2012-前轮定位辊筒 组件；2013-前轮推动组件；202-后轮定位组件；2021-后轮定位架；2022-后轮定位辊筒组件；2023-后轮推动组件；
30-电池转运装置；
40-间隔板；401-避让孔；
50-顶升机构；
60-换电箱体；601-换电腔室；6011-开口；6012-闸门；6013-车辆型号扫描机构；602-充电腔室；603-供电腔室；6031-供电柜；
70-码垛机。
具体实施方式
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
如图1-图3所示，本实施例提供一种充换电站，该充换电站包括换电箱体60和电池转运装置30，其中，换电箱体60内部设置有相连通的换电腔室601、充电腔室602和供电腔室603，换电腔室601和供电腔室603分别位于充电腔室602的两 侧，供电腔室603内设置有供电柜6031，供电柜6031能够为充电腔室602内的充电组件3供电，换电腔室601供待更换动力电池的车辆进出，充电组件3为充电腔室602内储存的动力电池充电；电池转运装置30被配置为在换电腔室601和充电腔室602之间转移，以将车辆上缺电的动力电池转移至充电腔室602内进行充电，电池转运装置30还被配置为将充电腔室602内满电的动力电池转移至换电腔室601内并安装于车辆上。在一实施例中，电池转运装置30为有轨制导车辆(Rail Guided Vehicle，RGV)，无需人员操作，运行速度快，能够提高动力电池的转移效率。
本实施例提供的充换电站，通过在一个换电箱体60内部设置相连通的换电腔室601、充电腔室602和供电腔室603，换电腔室601相当于相关技术中的换电仓，充电腔室602相当于相关技术中的充电仓，供电腔室603供容纳供电柜6031，供电柜6031能够为充电腔室602内的充电组件3供电，以实现充电组件3对动力电池的充电操作。采用这种设置，仅利用一个换电箱体60即可实现相关技术中充换电站的所有功能，大大减小了充换电站的体积，方便选址投放；且在投放之前即可完成安装调试，投放后只需要外接电源即可投入使用，不需要额外对充换电站内的多个组件进行调整，也不需要对多个箱体重新进行对位操作，不仅能够实现快速投放，还能实现落地即运营的理念。
在一实施例中，为了保证该充换电站具有充足的动力电池储存量，如图4-图7所示，该充换电站还包括充电架10，充电架10设置于充电腔室602内，充电架10包括支撑架1和多个支撑机构2，多个支撑机构2沿支撑架1的高度方向间隔设置于支撑架1上，每个支撑机构2分别包括多个沿支撑架1的长度方向间隔排布的支撑组件21，沿支撑架1的长度方向相邻的两个支撑组件21形成一个电池位，沿支撑架1的长度方向相邻的两个电池位共用两者之间的一个支撑组件21，每个电池位能够承载一个动力电池，每个电池位上分别设置有一充电组件3。通过在支撑架1的高度方向及长度方向上分别间隔设置多个支撑组件21，且沿支撑架1的长度方向相邻的两个支撑组件21形成一个电池位，使该支撑架1上能够承载多排多列动力电池，增加了单个充电架10的动力电池储存量；相较于相关技术中将多个充电架并排设置的方式，该充电架10可以节省相邻两个支撑架1之间的间距，该间距能够用来存放更多的动力电池，且沿支撑架1的长度方向上相邻的两个动力电池之间的存放间隙减小，大大增加了该充电架10上动力电池的储存量，可以避免由于充电腔室602的空间较小导致的动力电池的储存量减少的现象。
为了进一步增加动力电池的储存量，如图4所示，充电架10的数量为两个，两个充电架10沿充电腔室602的长度方向间隔且对称设置，两个充电架10之间设置有一码垛机70。码垛机70能够将电池转运装置30上缺电的动力电池转移至充电架10上，还能将充电架10上满电的动力电池转移至电池转运装置30上，从而实现车辆上动力电池的自动化更换，减少操作人员的工作量，降低人工成本。
在一实施例中，每个充电组件3分别包括升降部和充电部，升降部设置于支撑架1上，充电部与升降部的输出端相连接，升降部能够驱动充电部升降，以实现充电部与动力电池的电连接或者脱离。通过设置升降部，可以为动力电池进出电池位提供充足的空间，避免动力电池与充电组件3发生干涉，造成动力电池表面的损坏。在一实施例中，升降部具体可以是升降电缸。充电部为电插头，电插头能够与外部电源电连接。
下面结合图6和图7详细介绍支撑架1的具体结构，如图6和图7所示，支撑架1包括框架本体11，框架本体11为长方体框架。其中，框架本体11包括两个方形框架111和多个连接竖梁112，两个方形框架111沿上下方向排布并通过多个连接竖梁112相连接。其中，连接竖梁112的数量为四个，四个连接竖梁112分别位于方形框架111的四角位置处。长方体框架包括四个侧面、一个底面和一个顶面，其中，将沿框架本体11的宽度方向相对的两个侧面定义为第一侧面，将沿框架本体11的长度方向相对的两个侧面定义为第二侧面。
在框架本体11沿宽度方向相对的两个第一侧面上平行且间隔立设有多个间隔竖梁12，相邻两个间隔竖梁12之间的间距即为一个电池位的宽度，间隔竖梁12设置为对每列电池位进行分隔。在框架本体11其中的一个第一侧面上还设置有多个支撑横梁14，支撑横梁14的两端分别连接间隔竖梁12和连接竖梁112或者支撑横梁14的两端分别连接两个间隔竖梁12；在框架本体11的另一个第一侧面上未设置支撑横梁14，从而使框架本体11和间隔竖梁12之间围设形成多个电池进出口，每个电池进出口供对应列的电池位上的动力电池的进出。支撑横梁14能够对框架本体11起到加强的作用，保证该充电架10的强度。
在框架本体11沿长度方向相对的两个第二侧面上分别设置有多个承载横梁13，每个第二侧面上的承载横梁13沿框架本体11的高度方向平行且间隔设置；在正对的两个间隔竖梁12之间也连接有承载横梁13，承载横梁13与支撑组件21一一对应，承载横梁13设置为承载对应的支撑组件21。位于框架本体11中部的承载横梁13上的支撑组件21被相邻的两个电池位共用，简化制造工艺，提高加 工效率，且能缩小沿支撑架1长度方向上相邻两个动力电池之间的承载间距。
如图6所示，每个支撑组件21分别包括多个沿支撑架1的宽度方向间隔设置的支撑件211。即每个承载横梁13上沿承载横梁13的长度方向分别间隔设置有多个支撑件211。每个支撑件211的长度分别小于动力电池的长度，采用这种设置，可以减小支撑件211的尺寸，节省支撑件211的用料，进一步降低该充电架10的制造成本；此外，承载于支撑组件21上的动力电池的下表面的中部没有与支撑件211相接触，码垛机70能够伸入两个支撑组件21之间的间隙将对应的动力电池取出。
在本实施例中，支撑件211采用金属材质制成，强度较高，可以为动力电池提供较稳定的承载。在一实施例中，支撑架1采用金属材质制成，支撑架1的整体强度较高，可以稳定承载多个动力电池。支撑件211焊接于支撑架1上，连接牢固，稳定性高，可以降低支撑件211从支撑架1上脱落的概率。在一实施例中，为了避免动力电池在进出电池位时与支撑件211发生摩擦造成损伤，在每个支撑件211上分别设置有缓冲件212，可以保证动力电池表面免受损伤。在本实施例中，缓冲件212采用橡胶材质制成，缓冲性能较好，取材方便且制造成本较低。
在本实施例中，如图6所示，支撑件211的种类有两种，为方便叙述，将位于框架本体11两侧的支撑件211定义为第一支撑件，将位于框架本体11内部的支撑件211定义为第二支撑件，第二支撑件被相邻的两个电池位所共用。第一支撑件的端部设置于对应承载横梁13上，并向支撑架1的内侧延伸，第一支撑件远离承载横梁13的一端设置有缓冲件212。第二支撑件的中部设置于对应的承载横梁13上，第二支撑件的两端分别设置有缓冲件212。
为了实现动力电池与对应的充电组件3之间的准确定位，在本实施例中，每个电池位上分别设置有定位结构4，定位结构4包括定位销，定位销设置于支撑架1上，在动力电池上设置有定位孔，定位销能够穿设于定位孔内。在一实施例中，在码垛机70将缺电的动力电池插入对应的电池位上时，当定位销完全穿设于定位孔内后，即说明该动力电池安装到位，升降部即可驱动充电部向下运动，以使电插头插入动力电池的充电孔内为动力电池充电。通过设置相互配合的定位销和定位孔，可以实现动力电池与充电组件3之间的精确定位。
在一实施例中，每个电池位上的定位销的数量分别为两个，两个定位销分别位于电池位的两侧。在一实施例中，每个动力电池上的定位孔的数量为两个，每个定位销分别对应动力电池上的一个定位孔，进一步增加了动力电池与充电 组件3之间的定位效果，还能防止位于电池位上的动力电池发生偏转。
在一实施例中，支撑件211的厚度小于承载横梁13的厚度。采用这种设置，可以在保证对动力电池进行稳定承载的前提下，尽量减小每列的相邻两个支撑件211之间的间距，进一步提高动力电池的储存量。
在一实施例中，如图4所示，由于电池转运装置30在换电腔室601和充电腔室602之间转移动力电池时，需要与码垛机70进行对接，为了方便电池转运装置30的移动，如图4所示，在靠近换电腔室601一侧的充电架10的底部设置有避让空间15，该避让空间15设置为对电池转运装置30进行避让。在本实施例中，靠近换电腔室601一侧的充电架10上设置有避让空间15，远离换电腔室601一侧的充电架10上未设置有避让空间15，电池转运装置30只需要通过靠近换电腔室601一侧的充电架10上设置的避让空间15即可实现与码垛机70的对接。采用这种设置方式，还可以进一步增加该充换电站的动力电池的存储量，在未设置避让空间15的充电架10上还可以多设置一排支撑机构2。
在一实施例中，换电箱体60为集装箱。如图2和图3所示，在换电箱体60内沿换电箱体60的长度方向间隔设置有两个间隔板40，两个间隔板40将换电箱体60内部分隔形成换电腔室601、充电腔室602和供电腔室603。集装箱的尺寸及相邻两个间隔板40之间的间距本实施例均不作限定，可以根据充电腔室602内动力电池的储存量及车辆的尺寸进行调整。
为了方便池转运装置3在换电腔室601和充电腔室602之间进行转移，位于换电腔室601和充电腔室602之间的间隔板40上设置有避让孔401，电池转运装置30能够穿过避让孔401。可以理解的是，避让孔401与充电架10的避让空间15正对设置，以方便在换电腔室601和充电腔室602内铺设RGV的运行轨道，满足RGV的直线行走需求。
在一实施例中，不同型号的车辆具有不同的轴距，且动力电池安装位置也不同，当待更换动力电池的车辆进入换电腔室601内后，为了保证电池转运装置30能够准确地运动至该车辆的动力电池安装位置的正下方，以对该车辆上的动力电池进行拆卸和安装，该充换电站还包括车辆型号扫描机构6013、定位机构20和控制器，车辆型号扫描机构6013、定位机构20和电池转运装置30分别电连接于控制器，车辆型号扫描机构6013被配置为扫描车辆的型号信息；定位机构20设置于换电腔室601内，定位机构20被配置为定位车辆在换电腔室601内的位置，以使车辆的中心轴线与电池转运装置30的行走方向平行，电池转运装置30 能够根据型号信息以及车辆在换电腔室601内的位置确定车辆上的动力电池安装位置。其中，车辆型号扫描机构6013为扫描相机。
在一实施例中，在换电腔室601远离充电腔室602的一侧设置有开口6011，待更换动力电池的车辆从开口6011进入换电腔室601内部，车辆型号扫描机构6013设置于开口6011处。在车辆进入换电腔室601之前，车辆型号扫描机构6013扫描车辆的型号信息，并将该车辆的型号信息传输至控制器内；接着，车辆驶入换电腔室601内，并通过定位机构20实现车辆的定位，以使车辆的中心轴线与电池转运装置30的行走方向平行，根据车辆在换电腔室601内的具体位置和车辆的型号信息确定该车辆上动力电池安装位置，并控制电池转运装置30运动至动力电池安装位置的正下方，以对该车辆上的动力电池进行拆卸并更换。通过车辆型号扫描机构6013、定位机构20和电池转运装置30的相互配合，实现该充换电站对不同轴距的车辆上的动力电池的换电操作，通用性较强；利用车辆型号扫描机构6013获取车辆的型号信息，不仅能够精确定位车辆上的动力电池安装位置，还能使电池转运装置30将适合该车辆型号的动力电池安装于该车辆上，提高换电的精确性。
在一实施例中，定位机构20包括前轮定位组件201和后轮定位组件202，前轮定位组件201被配置为定位车辆的前轮位置；后轮定位组件202被配置为定位车辆的后轮位置。在本实施例中，前轮定位组件201和后轮定位组件202沿换电腔室601的长度方向间隔设置，且后轮定位组件202位于靠近充电腔室602的一侧，电池转运装置30能从车辆的车尾行走至动力电池安装位置的正下方。
相关技术中，RGV通常从车辆的两侧行走至车辆的底部，采用这种方式通常会存在以下缺陷：由于RGV的行走轨道是确定的，因此，在RGV行走至车辆底部后，只能在垂直于车辆的中心轴线的方向上做位置调整，不同型号的车辆由于轴距不同，为了适应RGV的位置，还需要车辆在平行于车辆的中心轴线的方向上做调整，调节过程繁琐，且在调整车辆位置的过程中车辆容易发生晃动，导致用户的体验感较差。而本实施例提供的充换电站，电池转运装置30从车辆的尾部行走至动力电池安装位置的正下方，且电池转运装置30的行走方向与车辆的中心轴线重合，只需要将RGV的行走轨道的尺寸加长，在针对具有不同轴距的车辆时，RGV只需要沿平行于车辆的中心轴线的方向做调整即可，车辆的位置不需要改变，调节过程简单高效，用户的体验感较好。
在一实施例中，如图1和图2所示，在开口6011处还设置有闸门6012。该闸 门6012类似于高速收费站处设置的道闸。通过设置闸门6012，可以使该换电腔室601内同一时间只有一台车辆在更换动力电池，闸门6012起到阻止其他车辆进入的作用，以保证该充换电站换电的精确性。
下面结合图8-图10详细介绍定位机构20的具体结构。
如图8-图9及图11所示，前轮定位组件201包括前轮定位架2011和两个前轮推动组件2013，前轮定位架2011设置于换电腔室601的内底壁上，前轮定位架2011上设置有V形容置结构，车辆的前轮能够容置于V形容置结构内；两个前轮推动组件2013分别位于前轮定位架2011的两侧，前轮推动组件2013能推动车辆沿垂直于车辆的进出方向移动。当车辆驶入换电腔室601内后，前轮可以陷在V形容置结构中，以实现车辆在换电箱体60的长度方向的定位；位于前轮定位架2011两侧的前轮推动组件2013可以将车辆推动至换电箱体60沿换电箱体60宽度方向的正中间，以实现车辆在换电箱体60的宽度方向的定位，此时定义两个前轮连线的中心即为换电腔室601的坐标原点，简化控制器的计算程序，提高计算效率。需要说明的是，换电箱体60的长度方向具体是指平行于车辆的中心轴线的方向，换电箱体60的宽度度方向具体是指垂直于车辆的中心轴线的方向。
在一实施例中，前轮推动组件2013包括推动驱动源和推顶块，推动驱动源的输出端与推顶块相连接，以驱动推顶块向靠近车辆的方向移动，以推动车辆实现定位。在本实施例中，推动驱动源为电缸或者电机与丝杠螺母组件，其他能够驱动推顶块向靠近车辆的方向移动的推动驱动源也在本实施例的保护范围之内。
如图9所示，前轮定位架2011上设置有两组前轮定位辊筒组件2012，每组前轮定位辊筒组件2012分别包括多个转动设置于前轮定位架2011上的前轮定位辊筒，两组前轮定位辊筒组件2012的前轮定位辊筒的轴线方向呈V形排布，以形成上述V形容置结构。通过设置前轮定位辊筒，在前轮推动组件2013推动车辆沿换电箱体60的宽度方向移动时，前轮定位辊筒能相对前轮定位架2011转动，从而减少前轮与前轮定位架2011之间的摩擦力，保证车辆移动的顺畅性，减少前轮的磨损，延长前轮的使用寿命。
在本实施例中，如图8所示，前轮定位架2011的数量为两个，两个前轮定位架2011沿换电箱体60的宽度方向间隔设置，每个前轮定位架2011上分别设置有两组前轮定位辊筒组件2012，每个前轮定位架2011对应一个前轮。采取这种设置方式，可以减少前轮定位架2011的长度及前轮定位辊筒的数量，降低制造成 本。在其他实施例中，前轮定位架2011也可以设置为一个，一个前轮安装架211同时实现两个前轮的定位。
在一实施例中，如图8、图10及图12所示，后轮定位组件202包括后轮定位架2021、后轮定位辊筒组件2022和两个后轮推动组件2023，后轮定位架2021设置于换电腔室601的内底壁上，并与前轮定位架2011间隔设置；后轮定位辊筒组件2022包括多个转动设置于后轮定位架2021上的后轮定位辊筒，后轮定位辊筒的轴线方向与车辆的中心轴线方向平行；两个后轮推动组件2023分别位于后轮定位架2021的两侧，后轮推动组件2023能推动车辆沿垂直于车辆的中心轴线的方向移动。通过设置后轮定位辊筒，在后轮推动组件2023推动车辆沿换电箱体60的宽度方向移动时，后轮定位辊筒能相对后轮定位架2021转动，从而减少后轮与后轮定位架2021之间的摩擦力，保证车辆移动的顺畅性，减少后轮的磨损，延长后轮的使用寿命。在一实施例中，后轮推动组件2023的具体结构与前轮推动组件2013的具体结构相同，本实施例对后轮推动组件2023的具体结构不作多余叙述。
在本实施例中，后轮定位辊筒的长度设计应保证：后轮定位辊筒靠近充电腔室602的一端到V形容置结构的中心之间的距离大于车辆的前轮与后轮的最大距离，后轮定位辊筒远离充电腔室602的一端到V形容置结构的中心之间的距离小于车辆的前轮与后轮的最小距离。采取这种设计，可以保证现有车辆都能在该充换电站中精准定位，并实现动力电池的更换。
当定位机构20完成对驶入换电腔室601内的车辆的定位后，电池转运装置30会从车辆的车尾移动至车底，以将车辆上缺电的动力电池取下。为了防止电池转运装置30与车架之间发生干涉，该充换电站还包括顶升机构50，顶升机构50位于换电腔室601内，顶升机构50被配置驱动完成定位的车辆上升预设距离，以为电池转运装置30的运动提供充足的空间。在其他实施例中，也可以在换电腔室601的内底壁上设置通行槽，通行槽的宽度小于两个后轮之间的距离，电池转运装置30可以移动至通行槽内，此时电池转运装置30恰好位于车底，也可以避免电池转运装置30在车辆上拆装动力电池时与车架发生干涉。
下面结合图1-图10简述该充换电站的工作流程：
(1)需要更换动力电池的车辆行驶到换电腔室601的开口6011的外侧，车辆型号扫描机构6013获取车辆的图片信息，并将该信息传输至控制器，控制器记录该车辆的车牌号、并判断该车辆的型号，根据车辆的型号调取车辆上的动 力电池信息，然后控制闸门6012打开，车辆倒车进入换电腔室601内，待车辆完全进入换电腔室601内后，控制器控制闸门6012关闭。
(2)当前轮陷在两个V形容置结构中后，车辆停止运动，前轮推动组件2013和后轮推动组件2023对车辆定位，以使两个前轮连线的中心位于换电腔室601的坐标原点处，且车辆的中心轴线与电池转运装置30的行走方向重合。
(3)顶升机构50驱动定位好的车辆向上移动预设距离。
(4)控制器根据车辆的型号及该车辆上电池安装位置，获得该车辆的电池安装位置相对换电腔室601的坐标，控制器控制电池转运装置30从车辆的车尾运动至该电池安装位置的正下方，以将该车辆上缺电的动力电池取下。
(5)电池转运装置30承载缺电的动力电池依次穿过避让孔401和避让空间15，进入充电腔室602内；码垛机70将电池转运装置30上缺电的动力电池取下，并转移至任意未承载动力电池的电池位上。
(6)控制器根据车辆的型号获得该车辆上动力电池的型号，控制码垛机70从充电架10上取下对应型号且满电的动力电池，并转移至电池转运装置30上。
(7)电池转运装置30承载满电的动力电池依次穿过避让空间15和避让孔401，进入换电腔室601内，控制器控制电池转运装置30运动至该车辆的电池安装位置的正下方，并将满电的动力电池安装于该车辆上，电池转运装置30复位。
(8)顶升机构50驱动车辆向下运动复位。
(9)控制器控制闸门6012打开，车辆即可驶出该充换电站。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种充换电站，包括：
    换电箱体(60)，所述换电箱体(60)内部设置有相连通的换电腔室(601)、充电腔室(602)和供电腔室(603)，所述换电腔室(601)和所述供电腔室(603)分别位于所述充电腔室(602)的两侧，所述充电腔室(602)内设有充电组件(3)，所述供电腔室(603)内设置有供电柜(6031)，所述供电柜(6031)设置为对所述充电组件(3)供电，所述换电腔室(601)设置为供待更换动力电池的车辆进出，所述充电组件(3)设置为给所述充电腔室(602)内储存的动力电池充电；及
    电池转运装置(30)，被配置为在所述换电腔室(601)和所述充电腔室(602)之间转移，以将所述车辆上缺电的动力电池转移至所述充电腔室(602)内进行充电，所述电池转运装置(30)还被配置为将所述充电腔室(602)内满电的动力电池转移至所述换电腔室(601)内并安装于所述车辆上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充换电站，还包括：
    车辆型号扫描机构(6013)，设置于所述换电腔室(601)内并被配置为扫描所述车辆的型号信息；及
    定位机构(20)，设置于所述换电腔室(601)内，所述定位机构(20)被配置为定位所述车辆在所述换电腔室(601)内的位置，以使所述车辆的中心轴线与所述电池转运装置(30)的行走方向平行，所述电池转运装置(30)还设置为根据所述型号信息以及所述车辆在所述换电腔室(601)内的位置确定所述车辆上的动力电池安装位置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的充换电站，其中，所述定位机构(20)包括：
    两组前轮定位组件(201)，被配置为定位所述车辆的前轮位置；及
    两组后轮定位组件(202)，被配置为定位所述车辆的后轮位置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的充换电站，其中，位于所述换电腔室(601)的宽度方向同一侧的所述前轮定位组件(201)和所述后轮定位组件(202)沿所述换电腔室(601)的长度方向间隔设置，且所述后轮定位组件(202)位于所述换电腔室(601)靠近所述充电腔室(602)的一侧，所述电池转运装置(30)可从所述车辆的车尾行走至所述动力电池安装位置的正下方。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的充换电站，其中，每组所述前轮定位组件(201)包括：
    前轮定位架(2011)，设置于所述换电腔室(601)的内底壁上，所述前轮 定位架(2011)上设置有V形容置结构，所述车辆的前轮可容置于所述V形容置结构内；及
    两个前轮推动组件(2013)，分别位于所述前轮定位架(2011)的两侧，所述前轮推动组件(2013)设置为推动所述车辆沿垂直于所述车辆的中心轴线的方向移动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的充换电站，其中，每一所述前轮定位架(2011)上设置有两组前轮定位辊筒组件(2012)，每组所述前轮定位辊筒组件(2012)分别包括多个转动设置于所述前轮定位架(2011)上的前轮定位辊筒，每一所述前轮定位架(2011)上的两组所述前轮定位辊筒组件(2012)的前轮定位辊筒的轴线方向呈V形排布，以形成所述V形容置结构。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的充换电站，其中，每组所述后轮定位组件(202)包括：后轮定位架(2021)，设置于所述换电腔室(601)的内底壁上，并与所述前轮定位架(2011)间隔设置；及
    两个后轮定位辊筒组件(2022)，包括多个转动设置于所述后轮定位架(2021)上的后轮定位辊筒，所述后轮定位辊筒的轴线方向与所述车辆的中心轴线平行；及
    两个后轮推动组件(2023)，分别位于所述后轮定位架(2021)的两侧，所述后轮推动组件(2023)设置为推动所述车辆沿垂直于所述车辆的中心轴线的方向移动。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的充换电站，还包括：顶升机构(50)，设置于所述换电腔室(601)内。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的充换电站，还包括：充电架(10)，设置于所述充电腔室(602)内，所述充电架(10)包括支撑架(1)和多个支撑机构(2)，多个所述支撑机构(2)沿所述支撑架(1)的高度方向间隔设置于所述支撑架(1)上，每个所述支撑机构(2)分别包括多个沿所述支撑架(1)的长度方向间隔排布的支撑组件(21)，沿所述支撑架(1)的长度方向相邻的两个所述支撑组件(21)形成一个电池位，沿所述支撑架(1)的长度方向相邻的两个所述电池位共用一个所述支撑组件(21)，每个所述电池位可承载一个所述动力电池，每个所述电池位上分别设置有一所述充电组件(3)。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的充换电站，其中，所述换电箱体(60)内设有两个间隔板(40)，所述两个间隔板(40)沿所述换电箱体(60)的长度 方向间隔设置，两个所述间隔板(40)将所述换电箱体(60)内部分隔形成所述换电腔室(601)、所述充电腔室(602)和所述供电腔室(603)，位于所述换电腔室(601)和所述充电腔室(602)之间的所述间隔板(40)上设置有避让孔(401)，所述电池转运装置(30)可穿过所述避让孔(401)。
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