WO2023032240A1 - 廃プラスチック油化装置 - Google Patents
廃プラスチック油化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023032240A1 WO2023032240A1 PCT/JP2021/043866 JP2021043866W WO2023032240A1 WO 2023032240 A1 WO2023032240 A1 WO 2023032240A1 JP 2021043866 W JP2021043866 W JP 2021043866W WO 2023032240 A1 WO2023032240 A1 WO 2023032240A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- melting tank
- cracked gas
- melting
- decomposition
- Prior art date
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 186
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- -1 backsheets Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
- B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/12—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by dry-heat treatment only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/15—Electronic waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/75—Plastic waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for converting waste plastics into oil.
- waste plastic which is mainly composed of plastic, such as plastic products that are discarded after use and plastic residues generated during the manufacturing process of plastic products, has become a common global environmental issue.
- photovoltaic power generation systems are rapidly becoming popular as power generation systems that do not emit carbon dioxide.
- solar panels it is expected that a large number of solar panels will be produced when they reach the end of their service life or damaged by disasters, etc., and there is an urgent need to establish a treatment method that minimizes the environmental impact of solar panels. It has become.
- waste plastic oil conversion equipment includes a decomposition tank for heating and decomposing waste plastics, a supply means for supplying waste plastics to the decomposition tank, and an oil conversion unit (for example, a condensation tank) and the like (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- This method of processing a solar cell panel includes bringing an oxide semiconductor into contact with the back sheet of the solar cell panel, and in the presence of oxygen, the back sheet, filler, sealing material, etc., at a temperature at which the oxide semiconductor becomes an intrinsic electrical conductor region. of plastic material is decomposed and removed. After decomposing and removing the plastic material, valuables such as interconnectors, solar cells, outer frames, and glass are collected (see Patent Document 2, for example).
- plastic materials such as backsheets, fillers, and sealing materials are included in waste plastics.
- Patent Document 1 The apparatus for converting waste plastics to oil in Patent Document 1 above is capable of condensing cracked gas produced by heating and melting waste plastics in a cracking tank to recover and reuse oil components (produced oil).
- pretreatment such as crushing, washing and drying of the waste is required. Therefore, it is difficult to dispose of large-sized articles that cannot be crushed while still holding the outer frame (frame) or glass of the solar cell panel.
- the solar cell panel processing apparatus of Patent Document 2 is capable of decomposing and removing plastics such as back sheets, fillers, and sealing materials that constitute the solar cell panel.
- the decomposition gas generated when the back sheet, filler, sealing material and the like are decomposed reacts with oxygen to decompose into water and carbon dioxide and is discharged to the outside.
- An object of the present invention is to realize a waste plastic oil conversion apparatus capable of recovering valuables from battery panels.
- the apparatus for converting waste plastics to oil comprises a primary decomposition tank that melts waste plastics to generate a cracked gas, and a liquefying tank that condenses high-boiling-point components of the cracked gas generated in the primary cracking tank.
- a secondary decomposition tank that heats the components at a temperature lower than that of the primary decomposition tank to generate a low-boiling-point decomposition gas, and a melting tank that melts the plastic material that constitutes the solar panel and separates the plastic material from the valuables.
- the melting tank is connected to at least one of the primary cracking tank and the secondary cracking tank, and It is characterized in that the cracked gas or the low-boiling-point cracked gas can be introduced.
- the apparatus for converting waste plastics to oil of the present invention it is arranged between the primary decomposition tank and the secondary decomposition tank, and the cracked gas generated in the primary decomposition tank is stored in the second storage tank. It is preferable to further have a separation tower capable of separating the low boiling point cracked gas to be introduced from the liquefied component to be introduced into the secondary cracking tank.
- the secondary cracking tank is separated into a region connected to the separation tower and a region connected to at least one of the first storage tank and the melting tank. having a mesh partition, It is preferable that a catalyst is arranged on the bottom portion below the partition wall and on the upper surface of the partition wall.
- the melting tank includes a support plate on which the solar panel can be placed, and the melting tank can be sealed, and It is preferable to have a door that can be opened and closed for inserting and removing the solar panel, and a heater for maintaining the melting tank at a predetermined temperature.
- the melting tank can spray the liquefied component with a low boiling point stored in the second storage tank into the inside of the melting tank in the form of a shower. It is preferable to have an injection part.
- the door has a double structure with a space inside, and the melting tank has a nitrogen gas supply section for supplying nitrogen gas to the space.
- the space is maintained at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure while the melting tank is in operation.
- the melting tank is configured to inject the cooled nitrogen gas from the nitrogen gas supply section into the melting tank after the operation of the melting tank is stopped. is preferably configured to allow
- the support plate includes a net-like support plate for separating the valuables and the molten plastic material constituting the solar panel, and the net-like support plate and It is preferable to have a grid-like support plate on which the solar cell panel can be placed and which has a plurality of through holes.
- the support plate comprises a rack that can be arranged with a gap between the adjacent solar cell panels inside the melting tank. Further, it is preferable to have.
- the support plate carries the solar panel and moves into the melting tank, and after the solar panel is thermally decomposed, the residue of the solar panel is removed.
- the melting tank can be charged with the waste plastic of a large size that cannot be charged into the primary decomposition tank.
- Waste plastic to oil equipment melts waste plastic in the primary decomposition tank to generate cracked gas with a high boiling point, melts the plastic materials that make up the solar panel in the melting tank, generates cracked gas, and separates valuables. do.
- the melting tank is supplied with cracked gas or low boiling point cracked gas having a temperature capable of melting the plastic material from the primary cracking tank or the secondary cracking tank. Further, the melted plastic material is introduced from the melting tank into the primary cracking tank and reheated together with the melted waste plastic in the primary cracking tank to generate cracked gas with a high boiling point.
- the apparatus for converting waste plastics into oil has a structure in which heat can be exchanged between the primary cracking tank or the secondary cracking tank and the melting tank.
- the apparatus for converting waste plastics to oil thus constructed can thermally decompose waste plastics to generate cracked gas and recover them as liquefied components with low energy consumption, thereby recovering valuables from solar panels. becomes possible.
- the liquefied component becomes a product oil that can be effectively used.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the state of the melting tank 12 and the solar panel 40 being taken in and out of the melting tank 12; 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a separation tower 15;
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing one example of the configuration of a solar panel 40;
- FIG. 2 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing a part of the configuration of the oil conversion device 2;
- FIG. 3 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing a part of the configuration of the oil conversion device 3;
- a waste plastic-to-oil conversion apparatus 1, a waste plastic-to-oil conversion apparatus 2, and a waste plastic-to-oil conversion apparatus 3 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
- FIG. In the following description, the waste plastic oil conversion device 1, waste plastic oil conversion device 2, and waste plastic oil conversion device 3 may be simply referred to as oil conversion device 1, oil conversion device 2, and oil conversion device 3. be.
- the waste plastics P0 to be converted into oil in the oil conversion apparatuses 1, 2, 3 are plastic products discarded after use, plastic residues generated during the manufacturing process of plastic products, and the like.
- the material of the waste plastic P0 is, for example, thermoplastics such as polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene foam (styrene foam), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), and vinyl chloride.
- the configuration of the solar panel 40 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the plastic materials used for the solar cell panel 40 are the filler 81, the back sheet 84, the sealant 88, and the like.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- silicone resin or the like is used for the filler 81 .
- the plastic material used for the back sheet 84 is PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), PET polyethylene terephthalate), PE (polyethylene), or the like.
- IIR butyl rubber
- silicone rubber silicone rubber, or the like is used for the sealing material 88 .
- the filler 81, the back sheet 84 and the sealing material 88 are collectively referred to as plastic material.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of an oil conversion device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the liquefying apparatus 1 includes a primary decomposition tank 10 that heats and melts the raw material waste plastic P0 to generate cracked gas G0 (also referred to as off-gas), and a liquefied component Q0 obtained by condensing the cracked gas G0, which is heated at a predetermined temperature to decompose to a low boiling point. It has a secondary decomposition tank 11 that generates gas G1.
- the oil conversion apparatus 1 also has a melting tank 12 that melts the plastic material of the solar cell panel 40 to generate cracked gas G3.
- the melting tank 12 is connected to the primary decomposition tank 10 by a connecting pipe 13, and is configured to be capable of introducing the high-temperature decomposition gas G0 generated in the primary decomposition tank 10. As shown in FIG.
- the liquefied component Q1 obtained by condensing the low-boiling-point cracked gas G1 generated in the secondary cracking tank 11 and the cracked gas G4 after passing through the temperature controller 29, and the cracked gas generated in the melting tank 12. It has a first storage tank 14 for storing a liquefied component Q2 obtained by condensing the decomposed gas G4 after the gas G3 has passed through the temperature controller 29 .
- the first storage tank 14 stores the liquefied component Q3 in which the liquefied component Q1 and the liquefied component Q2 are mixed.
- a separation tower 15 for separating a low boiling point cracked gas G2 from the cracked gas G0 generated in the primary cracking tank 10, and a separation tower 15 It has a second storage tank 16 for condensing and storing the decomposed gas G2.
- the secondary cracking tank 11 is introduced with a liquefied component Q0 obtained by condensing the cracked gas G0 when the cracked gas G2 is separated in the separation tower 15 .
- the oil conversion apparatus 1 has an extruder 17 that heats and melts waste plastic P0, which is a raw material that is fed from a hopper 18, and feeds it into the primary decomposition tank 10.
- the extruder 17 is a so-called screw type extruder composed of a heating cylinder having a heater (band heater or the like) arranged on its outer periphery and a screw rotating inside the heating cylinder.
- the primary decomposition tank 10 includes a main body 20 having a conical bottom, a heater 21 arranged on the outer periphery of the main body 20, and a stirrer 22 for stirring the molten plastic P1 heated and melted inside the main body 20. have.
- the body part 20 is arranged on the upper part of the base 25 .
- the heater 21 is, for example, an infrared heater, a high frequency coil, or a heating wire.
- the stirrer 22 has a function of stirring the molten plastic P1 to make the temperature of the molten plastic P1 uniform, and a function of scraping off residues of the molten plastic P1 adhering to the bottom of the main body 20 .
- a temperature sensor (not shown) for detecting the temperature is arranged inside the main body 20 to appropriately manage the internal temperature by controlling the power supplied to the heater 21 .
- the temperature of the primary decomposition tank 10 is 400.degree. C. to 500.degree.
- a net-like partition plate 24 carrying a catalyst is arranged above the stirrer 22 .
- the catalyst is, for example, high-silica zeolite, which promotes further cracking of the cracked gas G0.
- An injection part 26 for injecting a catalyst such as zeolite into the main body part 20 is provided on the upper part of the main body part 20 . Within the body portion 20, the zeolite promotes thermal decomposition of the molten plastic P1 by fluid catalytic cracking.
- a residue discharge port 27 for discharging the residue of the molten plastic P1 and zeolite is provided at the bottom of the main body part 20 .
- a vent may be provided to release the cracked gas G0 to the outside when the internal pressure of the main body 20 reaches a predetermined level or higher.
- This vent is preferably provided with a filter to remove harmful substances, particles, and the like.
- the secondary cracking tank 11 has a cylinder 30 arranged horizontally (it may not be exactly horizontal), one end of the cylinder 30 is connected to the separation tower 15 by a connecting pipe 31, and the other end is connected to the separation tower 15 by a connecting pipe 31. is connected to the first reservoir 14 by a connecting pipe 32 .
- a temperature controller 29 is arranged on the connection pipe 32 on the side of the secondary decomposition tank 11 .
- the connecting pipe 32 is further provided with a cooler 38 on the side of the first storage tank 14, and the low boiling point cracked gas G1 is cooled by the temperature controller 29 and condensed in the first storage tank 14 as a cracked gas G4 to be a liquefied component.
- Q1 is reserved.
- the secondary decomposition tank 11 has a mesh-like first partition wall 33 that separates a region connected to the separation tower 15 (connecting pipe 31) and a region connected to the first storage tank 14 (connecting pipe 32), A catalyst 34 is arranged on the upper surface of the first partition wall 33 so as to allow gas to pass therethrough.
- the catalyst 34 promotes the generation of the low boiling point cracked gas G1 from the cracked gas G0 mixed in the liquefied component Q0 introduced from the separation tower 15.
- the cylindrical body 30 has a mesh-like second partition 35 that divides the cylindrical body 30 into two upper and lower parts. A weir 36 is formed. The second partition wall 35 functions to prevent bumping of the liquefied component Q0.
- a heater 67 is provided in the area connected to the separation tower 15 to prevent the liquefied component Q0 from solidifying.
- the overflow weir 36 serves as a safety valve that prevents the cylinder 30 from being filled with the liquefied component Q0.
- a catalyst 39 is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical body 30 .
- a high-silica zeolite or the like is used for the catalyst 39 to accelerate the generation of the low boiling point cracked gas G1 from the liquefied component Q0.
- a temperature sensor is arranged inside the cylindrical body 30 to appropriately manage the internal temperature by controlling the power supplied to the heater 21 .
- the internal temperature of the secondary decomposition tank 11 is controlled at 300.degree. C. to 400.degree.
- the melting tank 12 melts the plastic materials (see FIG. 4) such as the filler 81, the back sheet 84, and the sealing material 88 of the solar cell panel 40.
- the melting tank 12 includes a support plate 41 on which the solar cell panel 40 can be placed, a door 42 capable of sealing the inside of the melting tank 12 and opened when the solar cell panel 40 is taken in and out, and a heater 68 for heating the melting tank 12 to a predetermined temperature.
- a heater 68 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the melting tank 12 excluding the door 42 .
- the door 42 has a double structure with a space 43, and the space 43 is connected to a nitrogen gas supply unit 44 for supplying nitrogen gas.
- the space 43 is filled with nitrogen gas and controlled to be higher than atmospheric pressure.
- the purpose of filling the space 43 with nitrogen gas is to prevent air from entering the inside of the melting tank 12 and to improve the heat insulating effect because the heater 68 is not arranged on the door 42 .
- the melting tank 12 is connected to the primary decomposition tank 10 by a connecting pipe 13 .
- the connection pipe 13 is provided with a valve V1, and the hot cracked gas G0 is introduced from the primary decomposition tank 10 into the melting tank 12 by opening the valve V1 when the melting tank 12 is operated.
- the temperature of the decomposed gas G0 is controlled at 320.degree. C. to 350.degree.
- the plastic material constituting the solar cell panel 40 can be sufficiently melted at about 300°C, but the melting time of the plastic material can be shortened by setting the inside of the melting tank 12 to 320°C to 350°C. becomes. Under this temperature condition, a low-boiling cracked gas G1 is produced in the melting tank 12 . However, if the temperature is set to 400° C. to 500° C. as in the primary decomposition tank 10, the melting speed of the plastic material can be further increased. However, under this temperature condition, cracked gas G0 is generated.
- the bottom of the melting tank 12 has a square-pyramidal funnel shape, and a hole 45 provided at the top of the funnel is connected to the primary decomposition tank 10 by a connecting pipe 46 .
- the connection pipe 46 is provided with a valve V2 at an intermediate position between the melting tank 12 and the primary decomposition tank 10, and the valve V2 is closed when the operation of the melting tank 12 is stopped.
- the plastic material heated and melted in the melting tank 12 (referred to as molten plastic P2) drops when it becomes fluid, is sent to the primary decomposition tank 10 through the connecting pipe 46, and is reheated in the primary decomposition tank 10. .
- the high boiling point component of the cracked gas G0 is liquefied and sent to the primary cracking tank 10 together with the molten plastic P2.
- the molten plastic P2 is reheated to 400° C. to 500° C. in the primary cracking tank 10 together with the molten plastic P1, and the generated cracked gas G0 is introduced into the melting tank 12.
- a cracked gas G3 is generated which is a mixed gas of the low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated when melting the plastic material of the solar cell panel 40 and the cracked gas G0 generated in the primary decomposition tank 10.
- the cracked gas G3 may be the low boiling point cracked gas G1, the low boiling point mixed gas, the cracked gas G0, or the low boiling point cracked gas G1.
- the melting tank 12 and the first storage tank 14 are connected by a connecting pipe 47 .
- a temperature controller 29 is arranged in the connection pipe 47 on the melting tank 12 side, and cools the cracked gas G3 to 300°C.
- the cracked gas G4 having a boiling point of 300° C.
- the first storage tank 14 there are a liquefied component Q1 obtained by condensing the low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated in the secondary cracking tank 11 and a liquefied component Q2 obtained by condensing the cracked gas G3 generated in the melting tank 12.
- a liquefied component Q3 mixed with is stationed.
- the first storage tank 14 is cooled with cooling water W to room temperature. When melting tank 12 is not in operation, valves V1, V2 and V4 are closed and valve V3 is opened.
- the first storage tank 14 stores a liquefied component Q1 composed of light oil components obtained by condensing the low boiling point cracked gas G1 (cracked gas G4 cooled by the temperature controller 29) generated in the secondary cracking tank 11. be done.
- the low boiling point cracked gas G5 that has not been liquefied in the first storage tank 14 is sent to the water seal 64 through the connecting pipe 48 .
- the cracked gas G5 is a volatile combustible gas containing ethane, methane, etc., having a molecular formula where n is 5 or less.
- Cooling water W is stored in the water seal 64 .
- the tip of the connecting pipe 48 is buried in the cooling water W, and the cracked gas G5 does not melt in the cooling water W, but rises to the space above the liquid surface and is discharged from the discharge pipe 65 .
- the height of the water surface is kept constant.
- the main role of the water sealing device 64 is to make the pressure of the system from the primary decomposition tank 10 to the melting tank 12, the secondary decomposition tank 11 and the first storage tank 14 positive. This prevents oxygen from entering the system from the primary decomposition tank 10 to the melting tank 12 , the secondary decomposition tank 11 and the first storage tank 14 .
- the pressure at the tip of the connecting pipe 48 is equal to the water pressure below the water surface of the connecting pipe 48. If the tip of the connecting pipe 48 is too deep below the water surface, the pressures in the primary decomposition tank 10 and the secondary decomposition tank 11 will increase, and the decomposition efficiency of the cracked gas G0 and the low-boiling-point cracked gas G1 will decrease. For this reason, the water seal 64 keeps the water surface constant and the connecting pipe 48 is buried to a depth of about 10 mm. Furthermore, placing the tip of the connecting pipe 48 below the liquid level is also to prevent air from entering the system when the temperature of the system from the primary decomposition tank 10 to the first storage tank 14 drops due to some failure. be.
- a trap tank (not shown) may be provided between the first storage tank 14 and the water sealing device 64. By providing the trap tank, the backflow prevention effect of the cracked gas G2 can be enhanced. becomes.
- the cracked gas G5 is introduced into the exhaust gas decomposition treatment device 49 through the exhaust pipe 65 .
- the exhaust gas decomposition treatment device 49 is a device that decomposes the cracked gas G5 into carbon dioxide gas and water (water vapor) using a catalyst and discharges it to the outside as an exhaust gas Gh.
- the cracked gas G5 can also be discharged after being incinerated in an incinerator or the like.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the state of the melting tank 12 and the solar cell panel 40 being taken in and out of the melting tank 12.
- FIG. 2(a) is an explanatory diagram showing the state inside the melting tank 12
- FIG. 2(b) is an explanatory diagram showing the state before the solar panel 40 is put into the melting tank 12.
- FIG. 2 the number of solar cell panels 40 inside and outside the melting tank 12 and the shape of the rack 62 are omitted.
- the door 42 of the melting tank 12 has a hole 54 through which cooled nitrogen gas can be injected into the melting tank 12 .
- cooled nitrogen gas is injected into the melting tank 12 from the hole 54, and the melting tank 12, the support plate 41 and the solar cell panel are removed. Quickly cool the 40 residue.
- the door 42 is provided with a shutter 55 for opening and closing the hole 54 .
- the shutter 55 is closed when the melting tank 12 is operated, stops the operation of the melting tank 12, and is opened after confirming that the temperature inside the melting tank 12 has dropped below a predetermined temperature. It should be noted that the cooled nitrogen gas may be injected directly into the melting tank 12 without going through the door 42 .
- the support plate 41 has a net-like support plate 60 having a mesh for separating the valuable material, which is a residue when the plastic material of the solar cell panel 40 is melted, and the molten plastic P2. It is composed of a grid-like support plate 61 having a plurality of through holes (not shown) capable of holding the solar panel 40 .
- the mesh support plate 60 drops the molten plastic P2 while leaving valuables.
- the grid-like support plate 61 has rigidity capable of supporting the solar panel 40 .
- the melting tank 12 has a rack 62 for holding the posture of the solar panel 40 on the support plate 41 .
- the rack 62 arranges the solar cell panels 40 one by one in a vertical posture (referred to as a vertical arrangement), and forms a gap 63 between the adjacent solar cell panels 40 to hold the solar cell panels 40 .
- the solar panel 40 may partially contact within the rack 62 to the extent that it is not in close contact.
- rails are provided on both sides of the support plate 41 in the advancing and retreating direction inside the melting tank 12, and the support plate 41 can slide on these rails. It is also possible to attach rollers to the support plate 41 and move them on rails. In addition, outside the melting tank 12, the support plate 41 is preferably kept on standby at the same height as the rails.
- the melting tank 12 has an injection part 51 for spraying the liquefied component Q4 with a low boiling point stored in the second storage tank 16 in the upper part of the tank. Description will be made with reference to FIG. 1 as well.
- the injection part 51 is connected to the second storage tank 16 via a pump 56 by a connecting pipe 52 .
- the pump 56 sucks up the liquefied component Q4 from the second storage tank 16, increases the pressure, and injects the liquefied component Q4 in a shower from the injection part 51 to cool the inside of the melting tank 12 and cool the inside of the melting tank 12 and the sun.
- the battery panel 40 is cleaned of residue.
- the second storage tank 16 is connected to the separation tower 15 by a connecting pipe 53, and the liquefied component Q4 stored in the second storage tank 16 is mainly gasoline.
- a mesh plate 79 is provided above the second storage tank 16 .
- the mesh plate 79 serves as a filter for fine particles contained in the cracked gas G2.
- the separation tower 15 is composed of an outer cylinder portion 70 and an inner cylinder portion 71 inserted into the outer cylinder portion 70 .
- a tubular space 72 is formed between the outer tubular portion 70 and the inner tubular portion 71 .
- the inner cylindrical portion 71 is connected to the primary decomposition tank 10 by a connecting pipe 73 .
- the outer cylindrical part 70 has a double-pipe structure, and cooling water W is flowed therein to cool the cracked gas G0 sent from the primary cracking tank 10 to 250°C.
- a valve V3 is arranged in the connection pipe 73 .
- the cracked gas G0 generated in the primary cracking tank 10 is branched into the connecting pipe 13 and the connecting pipe 73, and the cracked gas G0 is sent to the melting tank 12 through the connecting pipe 13 and then through the connecting pipe 73. It is sent to separation tower 15 .
- valve V3 is closed and valves V1, V2 and V4 are opened.
- the secondary decomposition tank 11 also operates.
- valves V1, V2 and V4 are closed and valve V3 is opened.
- the valves V1, V2, V3 and V4 are opened.
- the separation tower 15 cools the cracked gas G0 to 250°C.
- Cracked gas G2 having a boiling point lower than 250° C. rises through connecting pipe 53 and is sent toward second storage tank 16 .
- Cracked gas G0 having a boiling point higher than 250° C. (cracked gas G0 with reduced cracked gas G2 component) flows downward through space 72 and is sent to secondary cracking tank 11 as liquefied component Q0.
- the cracked gas G0 fed into the separation tower 15 from the connecting pipe 73 collides with the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylindrical portion 70 in an oblique direction (substantially tangential direction to the peripheral surface), and travels along the inner peripheral surface. It descends in the space 72 while turning around (indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 3). This enhances the cooling effect of the cracked gas G0, promotes liquefaction, and causes the liquefied component Q0 to drop into the secondary cracking tank 11.
- the connection pipe 53 is provided with a cooler 75 on the separation tower 15 side and a temperature controller 76 on the second storage tank 16 side.
- the cracked gas G2 is cooled to 190° C. by the cooler 75 and sent to the second storage tank 16 while being maintained at 190° C. by the temperature controller 76 .
- the liquefied component Q0 liquefied by the cooler 75 drops inside the separation tower 15 and is sent to the secondary cracking tank 11, where the liquefied component Q0 is reheated.
- the cracked gas G2 is cooled to normal temperature by cooling water W in the second storage tank 16 .
- the cracked gas G5 that has not been liquefied in the second storage tank 16 is introduced into the water sealing device 64 through the connecting pipe 77 .
- a cooler 50 is arranged in the connection pipe 77 to maintain the cracked gas G5 at room temperature (20° C.) and introduce it into the water seal 64 .
- By cooling the cracked gas G5 to room temperature by the cooler 50 it is possible to reduce the discharge amount of the cracked gas G5 sent to the water seal 64.
- FIG. Next, the configuration of the solar panel 40 to be processed will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing one example of the configuration of the solar cell panel 40.
- the solar battery panel 40 includes a glass plate 80, a solar battery cell 82 fixed to one surface of the glass plate 80 with a filler 81, an interconnector 83 electrically connecting the solar battery cells 82 and the solar battery cells 82, And, it is composed of a back sheet 84 that protects the back side of the solar panel 40 . Electrodes 85 and 86 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the solar cell 82 .
- the interconnector 83 is wiring that connects between the photovoltaic cells 82 and an external interface (not shown) via the electrodes 85 and 86 .
- the glass plate 80 heat-treated white glass (commonly known as tempered glass) is used.
- EVA resin ethylene vinyl acetate
- PVB resin polyvinyl butyral
- silicone resin and the like are used as typical materials for the filler 81 .
- the filling material 81 seals the periphery of the solar cell 82 and the inner surfaces of the glass plate 80 and the back sheet 84 without gaps by applying heat and pressure.
- the solar cell 82 includes monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, thin film silicon, heterojunction and multi-element compound semiconductors.
- a sheet such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PE (polyethylene), or PVF (polyvinyl fluoride) is used for the back sheet 84 .
- An aluminum outer frame 87 is fitted around the large-sized solar cell panel 40 .
- the solar cell panel 40 and the outer frame 87 are fixed with a sealing material 88 to airtightly hold the connecting portion between the solar cell panel 40 and the outer frame 87 .
- Butyl rubber, silicone rubber, or the like is used for the sealing material 88 .
- the filler 81, the back sheet 84 and the sealing material 88 are thermoplastic resins.
- the plastic materials such as the filler 81, the back sheet 84, and the sealing material 88 are melted (these are collectively referred to as molten plastic P2).
- Molten plastic P2 falls from the support plate 41 and is sent to the primary decomposition tank 10 .
- residues of the outer frame 87, the glass plate 80, the solar cells 82, the interconnectors 83, and the like remain on the top of the mesh support plate 60. FIG. These residues become valuables that can be recycled.
- the solar cell panel 40 may be accommodated in the melting tank 12 with the outer frame 87 removed.
- FIG. 1 The cracked gas G0 produced in the primary cracking tank 10 is cooled to 250° C. in the separation tower 15 as a first route, further condensed in the cooler 75 and introduced into the secondary cracking tank 11 as a liquefied component Q0.
- the liquefied component Q0 is heated at a temperature of 300.degree. C. to 400.degree.
- the liquefied component Q0 is mainly a heavy oil component and stays in the lower side of the secondary cracking tank 11 in a liquid state.
- the accumulated liquefied component Q0 is heated at 300°C to 400°C to thermally decompose the liquefied component Q0 to generate low boiling point cracked gas G1.
- the residue of the liquefied component Q0 is much smaller than the residue in the primary decomposition tank 10 and is periodically discharged from the discharge pipe 37 of the secondary decomposition tank 11 .
- fine particles generated in the primary decomposition tank 10 are mixed in the liquefied component Q0.
- the fine particles are gravity-settled in the secondary decomposition tank 11 and discharged from the discharge pipe 37 together with the liquefied component Q0 excessively accumulated in the secondary decomposition tank 11 .
- the discharge pipe 37 can serve as a safety device that prevents the liquefied component Q0 from accumulating excessively in the secondary decomposition tank 11 .
- the low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated in the secondary cracking tank 11 is sent toward the first storage tank 14 while the temperature is maintained at 300°C by the temperature controller 29. Then, the temperature is lowered by the cooler 38, and the liquefied component Q1 is condensed in the first storage tank 14 and stored.
- the liquefied component Q1, which is mainly composed of the low boiling point cracked gas G1, is mainly a light oil component.
- the cracked gas G0 of 400°C to 500°C generated in the primary decomposition tank 10 is fed into the melting tank 12.
- the temperature in the melting tank 12 is controlled at 320° C. to 350° C., and the plastic materials such as the filler 81, the back sheet 84, and the sealing material 88 of the solar cell panel 40 are melted, and the decomposition gas G0 with a high boiling point is melted. and a low boiling point cracked gas G1 are mixed to generate a cracked gas G3.
- the cracked gas G3 is cooled to 300° C. by the temperature controller 29, further lowered in temperature by the cooler 38, condensed at the normal temperature of 20° C.
- the liquefied component Q2 is mainly a light oil component. The above is the case where the melting tank 12 is operated without the secondary decomposition tank 11 being operated.
- the first storage tank 14 stores the liquefied component Q3 in which the liquefied component Q1 and the liquefied component Q2 are mixed.
- the liquefied component Q3 stored in the first storage tank 14 is appropriately recovered as a useful product oil, the liquefied component Q3 is heated at the boiling point temperature of the desired liquefied component (oil component) and condensed to obtain the desired It is possible to recover the produced oil of the component of
- the oil conversion apparatus 1 has a primary decomposition tank 10 that melts the waste plastic P0 to generate the cracked gas G0, and the high boiling point components of the cracked gas G0 generated in the primary decomposition tank 10.
- a secondary decomposition tank 11 that heats the condensed liquefied component Q0 at a lower temperature than the primary decomposition tank 10 to generate a low boiling point cracked gas G1, and a filler 81, a back sheet 84 and a seal that constitute the solar cell panel 40.
- It has a melting tank 12 for melting plastic material such as material 88 and for separating the plastic material and the valuables.
- the oil conversion apparatus 1 further has a first storage tank 14 for condensing and storing the cracked gas G0 and the low-boiling cracked gas G1.
- the melting tank 12 is connected to the primary decomposition tank 10 or the secondary decomposition tank 11, and is configured to be capable of introducing the decomposition gas G0.
- the oil conversion apparatus 1 configured in this way, it is possible to melt the waste plastic P0 to generate the cracked gas G0 and recover the liquefied component Q2. Further, the filling material 81, the back sheet 84, the sealing material 88, etc. of the solar panel 40 are melted, and recyclable valuables such as the glass plate 80, the solar cells 82, the interconnector 83 and the outer frame 87 are separated. can be recovered by In addition, by introducing the high-temperature cracked gas G0 generated in the primary cracking tank 10 into the melting tank 12, the oil conversion apparatus 1 can utilize it as thermal energy for melting the solar panel 40. Further, the plastic material (molten plastic P2) melted in the melting tank 12 can be reheated in the primary decomposition tank 10 to generate cracked gas G0. Therefore, according to the waste plastic oil conversion apparatus 1, it is possible to thermally decompose the waste plastic P0 to generate the cracked gas G3 and recover it as the liquefied component Q2 with low energy consumption. can be recovered.
- the oil conversion apparatus 1 is arranged between the primary cracking tank 10 and the secondary cracking tank 11, and among the cracked gas G0, the low-boiling cracked gas G2 introduced into the second storage tank 16 and the secondary It has a separation tower 15 capable of separating into the liquefied component Q0 introduced into the cracking tank 11 .
- the cracked gas G2 is condensed and stored in the second storage tank 16 as a liquefied component Q4.
- Liquefied component Q4 is gasoline and can be used to cool and clean melter tank 12 . It can also be recovered as gasoline.
- the liquefied component Q4 is sent to the primary decomposition tank 10 through the connection pipe 46 and reheated together with the cleaning residue after washing the valuables separated from the tank and the solar cell panel 40 in the melting tank 12, and the decomposition gas is generated.
- G0 is generated and introduced into at least one of the secondary decomposition tank 11 and the melting tank 12 .
- the secondary cracking tank 11 has a mesh-like first partition 33 that separates a region connected to the separation tower 15 and a region connected to the first storage tank 14, and a bottom portion below the first partition 33 A catalyst 39 is arranged, and a catalyst 34 is arranged on the upper surface of the first partition wall 33 .
- the catalyst 34 By using the catalyst 34, it becomes possible to promote the generation of the low boiling point cracked gas G1 from the cracked gas G0 mixed with the liquefied component Q0 and introduced from the separation tower 15. Also, the catalyst 39 promotes the generation of the low boiling point cracked gas G1 from the liquefied component Q0.
- the melting tank 12 includes a support plate 41 on which the solar panel 40 can be placed, and a door that can seal the melting tank 12 and that can be opened and closed to insert and remove the solar panel 40. 42, and a heater 68 for controlling the melting tank 12 at a predetermined temperature of 320.degree. C. to 350.degree.
- the melting tank 12 has a door 42 and is configured so that the inside of the melting tank 12 can be sealed.
- the melting tank 12 has a heater 68 , the inside of the melting tank 12 is sealed, and the heater 68 heats the inside of the melting tank 12 to control the temperature inside the melting tank 12 .
- the melting tank 12 By configuring the melting tank 12 in this manner, it is possible to increase the melting efficiency of the plastic material that constitutes the solar panel 40 even if it has a volume capable of accommodating the solar panel 40 . Further, since the melting tank 12 is sealed, it is possible to prevent the cracked gas G3 from leaking to the outside.
- the melting tank 12 also has an injection part 51 capable of injecting the low boiling point liquefied component Q4 stored in the second storage tank 16 into the inside of the melting tank 12 in the form of a shower.
- the inside of the melting tank 12 is cooled by injecting the liquefied component Q4, gasoline in this example, into the melting tank 12 from the injection part 51 in the form of a shower, and the molten residue adhering to the melting tank 12 and the solar cell panel 40 are melted. It is possible to wash the separated residue (values).
- the liquefied component Q4 is a part of the cracked gas G0, and the product can be effectively used without introducing a cleaning liquid from the outside.
- the liquefied component Q4 injected into the melting tank 12 is returned to the primary decomposition tank 10 through the connection pipe 46 after being cleaned.
- a recovery port 78 for recovering the liquefied component Q4 is provided in the lower portion of the melting tank 12. As shown in FIG.
- the door 42 has a double structure with a space 43 inside, and the melting tank 12 has a nitrogen gas supply section 44 for supplying nitrogen gas to the space 43.
- the space 43 is nitrogen gas and is maintained at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure.
- the door 42 Since the door 42 is to be opened and closed, it is difficult to dispose the heater 68. Therefore, by enclosing nitrogen gas in the space 43 of the door 42, it is possible to improve the heat insulating property. Since the pressure in the space 43 is controlled to be higher than the atmospheric pressure, it is possible to prevent air from entering the melting tank 12 through the space 43 .
- the melting tank 12 is configured so that cooled nitrogen gas can be injected into the melting tank from the nitrogen gas supply unit 44 after the operation of the melting tank 12 is stopped.
- the cooled nitrogen gas is injected into the melting tank 12 through the hole 54 of the door 42.
- nitrogen gas is injected directly into the melting tank 12 .
- the temperature is high. Therefore, by injecting cooled nitrogen gas into the melting tank 12 from the nitrogen gas supply part 44 through the hole 54 of the door 42 or directly, the melting tank 12, the support plate 41 and the solar cell panel 40 are It is possible to cool the residue quickly. By doing so, it becomes possible to shorten the waiting time for collecting the valuables and for inserting the solar panel 40 to be processed next.
- the support plate 41 is capable of mounting the net-like support plate 60 for separating the valuables and the molten plastic P2 that constitute the solar cell panel 40, the net-like support plate 60, and the solar cell panel 40. , a grid-like support plate 61 having a plurality of through holes.
- the net-like support plate 60 enables separation of the valuables and the molten plastic P2, and the grid-like support plate 61 allows the molten plastic P2 to drop easily. With such a configuration, it becomes possible to easily collect valuables.
- the support plate 41 has a rack 62 that can be arranged with a gap 63 between adjacent solar cell panels 40 inside the melting tank 12 .
- the adjacent solar cell panels 40 When the adjacent solar cell panels 40 are in a close contact state, the heat transfer efficiency of each solar cell panel 40 is poor, and the melting speed of the plastic material becomes slow. Therefore, by providing a gap 63 between the adjacent solar cell panels 40, it is possible to bring the cracked gas G0 into contact with the periphery of each solar cell panel 40, thereby melting the plastic material constituting the solar cell panel 40. can be accelerated.
- the solar cell panels 40 can be horizontally stacked and arranged. When arranging the solar cell panels 40 horizontally, it is preferable to make the gap 63 larger than when arranging them vertically because the molten plastic P2 flows down from the solar cell panels 40 placed above.
- the support plate 41 is a position where the solar cell panel 40 is mounted and moved into the melting tank 12, and the residue (valuable material) of the solar cell panel 40 can be recovered after the solar cell panel 40 is thermally decomposed. It is configured so that it can be moved to
- the support plate 41 is conveyed into the melting tank 12 in a state in which the solar cell panels 40 are arranged, and the residue of the solar cell panel 40 after thermal decomposition can be taken out from the melting tank 12 together with the support plate 41. It is configured. With such a configuration, it is possible to carry the solar panel 40 into the melting tank 12 easily and quickly. On the other hand, since the recovery of valuables can be performed outside the melting tank 12, the recovery operation can be easily performed. Further, it becomes possible to easily wash the support plate 41 after the recovering operation.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing a part of the configuration of the oil conversion device 2.
- the secondary cracking tank 11 is connected to the separation tower 15 by a connecting pipe 31 and to the first storage tank 14 by a connecting pipe 32 .
- the secondary cracking tank 11 is also connected to the melting tank 12 by a connecting pipe 90 .
- a valve V5 is arranged in the connection pipe 32 .
- An opening 91 is provided at the bottom of the melting tank 12 , and the connection pipe 90 penetrates through the opening 91 and extends to the vicinity of the lower portion of the support plate 41 at its upper end.
- the low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated in the secondary cracking tank 11 is sent around the solar cell panel 40 through the meshes of the grid-like support plate 61 and mesh-like support plate 60, and heats the solar cell panel 40.
- the cross-sectional area of the opening 91 is set to be at least twice as large as the cross-sectional area of the connecting pipe 90, so that the flow of the molten plastic P2 is not hindered.
- a valve V6 is arranged in the connection pipe 90 .
- the opening 91 communicates with the connecting pipe 46 , and the connecting pipe 46 is connected to the primary decomposition tank 10 . Molten plastic P2 melted in melting tank 12 is introduced into primary decomposition tank 10 through connecting pipe 46 .
- a low boiling point cracked gas G1 of 300° C. to 400° C. is introduced from the secondary cracking tank 11 into the melting tank 12 .
- Plastic materials such as the filler 81, the back sheet 84 and the sealing material 88 constituting the solar cell panel 40 are melted by the low boiling point cracked gas G1.
- the low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated when the plastic material is melted and the low boiling point cracked gas G1 introduced from the secondary cracking tank 11 are mixed.
- the low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated in the melting tank 12 passes through the connection pipe 47, is cooled by the temperature controller 29 and the cooler 38, is condensed in the first storage tank 14, and is stored as the liquefied component Q1.
- the liquefied component Q1 is mainly a light oil component.
- valve V5 is closed to send all of the low boiling point cracked gas G1 produced in the secondary cracking tank 11 to the melting tank 12. If there is a margin in the amount of low boiling point cracked gas G1 sent to melting tank 12, valve V5 can be opened.
- the temperature of the low boiling point decomposition gas G1 is 300° C. to 400° C., which is sufficient to melt the plastic material. It is possible to increase the speed, at which time cracking gas G3 is produced in the melter 12 .
- the secondary cracking tank 11 is connected to the melting tank 12 , and the low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated in the secondary cracking tank 11 is introduced into the melting tank 12 .
- the liquefying apparatus 2 configured as described above introduces the low boiling point cracked gas G1 of 300° C. to 400° C. generated in the secondary cracking tank 11 into the melting tank 12 to melt the solar cell panel 40.
- the low boiling point cracked gas G1 can be used as thermal energy. Therefore, the liquefying device 2 melts the plastic material constituting the solar cell panel 40 while reducing energy consumption, separates the molten plastic P2 from the valuables, and extracts the liquefied component Q1, which is the valuables and the useful produced oil. can be recovered.
- the above-described oil conversion apparatus 1 introduces the cracked gas G0 generated in the primary cracking tank 10 into the melting tank 12 .
- the liquefying apparatus 2 introduces the low-boiling-point cracked gas G1 generated in the secondary cracking tank 11 into the melting tank 12 .
- the cracked gas G0 generated in the primary cracking tank 10 and the low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated in the secondary cracking tank 11 are introduced into the melting tank 12. Things are different. Differences from the oil conversion devices 1 and 2 will be described.
- FIG. 6 the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 to 5 denote the same constituent elements as in the oil conversion devices 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. Description will be made with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5.
- FIG. 6 the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 to 5 denote the same constituent elements as in the oil conversion devices 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. Description will be made with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5.
- FIG. 6 the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 to 5 denote the same
- FIG. 6 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing a part of the configuration of the oil conversion device 3.
- the oil conversion apparatus 3 can introduce the cracked gas G0 generated in the primary cracking tank 10 into the melting tank 12.
- the secondary cracking tank The low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated in 11 can be introduced into the melting tank 12 .
- the liquefying apparatus 3 is configured so as to be able to introduce the cracked gas G0 and the low boiling point cracked gas G1 into the melting tank 12 .
- the cracked gas G3 is generated and the liquefied component Q2 is stored in the first storage tank 14, as in the oil conversion apparatus 1.
- the oil conversion device 3 can switch between introducing the cracked gas G0 from the primary cracking tank 10 into the melting tank 12 and introducing the low-boiling cracked gas G1 from the secondary cracking tank 11 .
- valves V1, V2, and V4 When introducing only the decomposition gas G0 into the melting tank 12, the valves V1, V2, and V4 are opened and the valve V3 is closed. In such a case, the action of generating the cracked gas by the oil conversion apparatus 3 is the same as that of the oil conversion apparatus 1, the cracked gas G3 is produced in the melting tank 12, and the liquefied component Q2 is stored in the first storage tank 14.
- the valves V1 and V5 are closed and the valves V3, V4 and V6 are opened.
- the action of generating the cracked gas by the oil conversion apparatus 3 is the same as that of the oil conversion apparatus 2, the low boiling point cracked gas G1 is generated in the melting tank 12, and the liquefied component Q1 is stored in the first storage tank 14. be.
- the oil conversion device 3 for example, when the solar cell panels 40 are large and numerous, the high-temperature cracked gas G0 is introduced into the melting tank 12. When the solar cell panels 40 are oval or the number is small, the low boiling point decomposition gas G1 is introduced. The oil conversion device 3 can thus be switched depending on the operational status.
- the decomposition gas G0 generated in the primary decomposition tank 10 is introduced into the melting tank 12 to melt the plastic material of the solar cell panel 40. and introducing the low boiling point cracked gas G1 generated in the secondary cracking tank 11 into the melting tank 12 to melt the plastic material of the solar cell panel 40 in the same manner as in the oil conversion unit 2. It becomes possible to switch according to the situation such as the amount and size.
- the solar cell panel 40 is put into the melting tank 12 and thermally decomposed.
- the melting tank 12 not only the solar cell panel 40 but also large-sized waste plastics P0 that cannot be put into the primary decomposition tank 10 (for example, pallets and containers for transporting goods that can only be crushed by a large crusher). (referred to as waste plastic P3) can be introduced.
- waste plastic P3 can be introduced.
- the melting tank 12 is connected to at least one of the primary decomposition tank 10 and the secondary decomposition tank 11, and can be introduced with the cracked gas G0 or the low boiling point cracked gas G1. That is, it is possible to select one of the configurations of the oil conversion device 1 (see FIG. 1), the oil conversion device 2 (see FIG. 5), and the oil conversion device 3 (see FIG. 6).
- waste plastic P3 contains foreign matter such as metal pieces, the foreign matter can be separated from the molten plastic P2 by the mesh support plate 60 (see FIG. 2). Therefore, the small pieces of waste plastic P0 and the large-sized waste plastic P3 are melted by the primary decomposition tank 10 and the melting tank 12 to generate cracked gases G0 and G2 and a low boiling point cracked gas G1, and liquefied components Q1 and liquefied oil components. It is possible to collect Q2, Q3, Q4, etc., and separate and collect valuables and foreign substances.
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Abstract
Description
前記隔壁より下方側の底部及び前記隔壁の上面に触媒が配置されていることが好ましい。
図1は、第1の実施の形態に係る油化装置1の全体構成を示す構成説明図である。油化装置1は、原料である廃プラスチックP0を加熱溶融し分解ガスG0(オフガスともいう)を生成する一次分解槽10、分解ガスG0を凝縮した液化成分Q0を所定温度で加熱し低沸点分解ガスG1を生成する二次分解槽11を有している。また、油化装置1は、太陽電池パネル40のプラスチック材を溶融し分解ガスG3を生成する溶融槽12を有している。溶融槽12は、接続管13で一次分解槽10に接続され、一次分解槽10で生成された高温の分解ガスG0を導入することが可能に構成されている。
既述した油化装置1が一次分解槽10で生成された分解ガスG0を溶融槽12に導入していることに対して、第2の実施の形態に係る油化装置2は、二次分解槽11で生成された低沸点分解ガスG1を溶融槽12に導入することが異なる。油化装置1との相違箇所について説明する。なお、図5は、油化装置1と同じ構成要素には図1~図4と同じ符号を付している。図1も参照しながら説明する。
既述した油化装置1は、溶融槽12に一次分解槽10で生成された分解ガスG0を導入している。また、油化装置2は、溶融槽12に二次分解槽11で生成された低沸点分解ガスG1を導入している。第3の実施の形態に係る油化装置3は、一次分解槽10で生成された分解ガスG0、及び二次分解槽11で生成された低沸点分解ガスG1を溶融槽12に導入していることが異なる。油化装置1,2との相違箇所について説明する。なお、図6は、油化装置1,2と同じ構成要素には図1~図5と同じ符号を付している。図1及び図5を参照しながら説明する。
Claims (11)
- 廃プラスチックを溶融し分解ガスを生成する一次分解槽と、
前記一次分解槽で生成された前記分解ガスのうち、高沸点成分が凝縮された液化成分を前記一次分解槽よりも低温で加熱し低沸点分解ガスを生成する二次分解槽と、
太陽電池パネルを構成するプラスチック材を溶融し、前記プラスチック材と有価物とを分離する溶融槽と、
前記分解ガス及び前記低沸点分解ガスを凝縮し貯留する第1貯留槽と、を有し、
前記溶融槽は、前記一次分解槽又は前記二次分解槽の少なくとも一方に接続されており、前記分解ガス又は前記低沸点分解ガスを導入することが可能に構成されている、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項1に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記一次分解槽と前記二次分解槽との間に配置され、前記一次分解槽で生成された前記分解ガスのうち、第2貯留槽に導入される低沸点の前記分解ガスと、前記二次分解槽に導入される前記液化成分とに分離することが可能な分離塔をさらに有している、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項2に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記二次分解槽は、前記分離塔に接続する領域と、前記第1貯留槽又は前記溶融槽の少なくとも一方に接続する領域とに分離する網目状の隔壁を有し、
前記隔壁より下方側の底部及び前記隔壁の上面に触媒が配置されている、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項1に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記溶融槽は、前記太陽電池パネルを載置することが可能な支持プレートと、
前記溶融槽を密閉することが可能であり、かつ、前記太陽電池パネルを出し入れするために開閉可能な扉と、
前記溶融槽を所定温度に維持するためのヒータと、
を有している、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項2に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記溶融槽は、前記第2貯留槽に貯留されている低沸点の前記液化成分を前記溶融槽の内部にシャワー状に噴射することが可能な噴射部を有している、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項4に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記扉は、内部に空間を有する二重構造をなし、
前記溶融槽は、前記空間に窒素ガスを供給するための窒素ガス供給部を有し、
前記溶融槽が稼働中は、前記空間が前記窒素ガスで大気圧よりも高圧に維持されている、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項6に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記溶融槽は、前記溶融槽の稼働を停止した後に、前記窒素ガス供給部から冷却された前記窒素ガスを前記溶融槽内に噴射することが可能に構成されている、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項4に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記支持プレートは、前記太陽電池パネルを構成する前記有価物と溶融した前記プラスチック材とを分離するための網状支持プレート、及び前記網状支持プレート及び前記太陽電池パネルを載置することが可能であり、複数の貫通孔を有する格子状支持プレートを有している、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項4に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記支持プレートは、前記溶融槽の内部において、隣接配置される前記太陽電池パネルの間に隙間を形成して配列することが可能なラックをさらに有している、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項4に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記支持プレートは、前記太陽電池パネルを搭載し前記溶融槽の内部に移動し、前記太陽電池パネルの熱分解後に、前記太陽電池パネルの残滓を回収する位置に移動させることが可能に構成されている、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。 - 請求項1に記載の廃プラスチック油化装置において、
前記溶融槽には、前記一次分解槽に投入できない大型サイズの前記廃プラスチックを投入することが可能である、
ことを特徴とする廃プラスチック油化装置。
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JPS6215240A (ja) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-01-23 | Kogai Boshi Kiki Kk | プラスチツクフイルム廃棄物の油化装置 |
JP2014024037A (ja) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-02-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 太陽電池パネルの分解方法 |
JP2020203281A (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-12-24 | 株式会社新見ソーラーカンパニー | 熱分解装置 |
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JPS6215240A (ja) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-01-23 | Kogai Boshi Kiki Kk | プラスチツクフイルム廃棄物の油化装置 |
JP2014024037A (ja) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-02-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 太陽電池パネルの分解方法 |
JP2020203281A (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-12-24 | 株式会社新見ソーラーカンパニー | 熱分解装置 |
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