WO2023019664A1 - 一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法 - Google Patents

一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法 Download PDF

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WO2023019664A1
WO2023019664A1 PCT/CN2021/117942 CN2021117942W WO2023019664A1 WO 2023019664 A1 WO2023019664 A1 WO 2023019664A1 CN 2021117942 W CN2021117942 W CN 2021117942W WO 2023019664 A1 WO2023019664 A1 WO 2023019664A1
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transition metal
boron nitride
metal oxide
boron
double
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王恒
李哲成
杨小晗
曾义
刘凯
徐慢
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武汉工程大学
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  • the invention belongs to the field of inorganic nanometer materials, and in particular relates to a method for preparing boron nitride nanotubes by catalyzing double transition metal oxides.
  • Boron nitride nanotubes have attracted extensive attention from scientists in the fields of materials, physics, chemistry and interdisciplinary fields due to their excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties (Pakdel A, et al. Mater Today, 2012, 15, 256). For example, the strength and Young's modulus of boron nitride nanotubes are significantly higher than those of engineering ceramics and glass, even comparable to diamond (Falin A, et al. Nat Commun., 2017, 8, 15815.
  • boron nitride nanotubes make it a very promising inorganic nano-additive in the field of high-performance composite materials (such as ceramic matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites).
  • high-performance composite materials such as ceramic matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites.
  • composite materials such as: boron nitride nanotubes-polystyrene (Zhi C Y, et al.J Mater Res., 2006,21,2794), boron nitride Nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol (Zhou S J, et al.Nanotechnology, 2012,23,055708), boron nitride nanotube-polycarbonate (Lin S Q, et al.New J Chem.,2017,41,7571 ))
  • the tensile strength, elastic modulus and thermal conductivity have been greatly improved.
  • Boron nitride nanotubes have made some progress in improving the performance of composite materials.
  • the preparation of high-quality, high-purity, and high-yield boron nitride nanotubes is still one of the main problems that limit its large-scale application.
  • Thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition is the most commonly used method for preparing boron nitride nanotubes.
  • the main principle is: under the action of transition metal (iron, cobalt, or nickel) oxide catalysts at high temperature, boron and nitrogen atoms, based on the "gas- BN nanotubes are formed through a "nucleation-growth" step through a "liquid-solid” mechanism.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing boron nitride nanotubes catalyzed by double transition metal oxides.
  • the method uses nanoscale double transition metal oxides as catalysts, and the obtained boron nitride nanotubes have high purity and do not contain boron nitride. particles and other impurities, high yield; the preparation method is simple and repeatable, and can realize batch and stable preparation of boron nitride nanotubes.
  • step (2) Preparation of boron nitride nanotubes: the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor obtained in step (1) is placed in a chemical vapor deposition system, heated to a certain temperature under an ammonia atmosphere for heat treatment reaction, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain high-quality boron nitride nanotubes.
  • the transition metal nitrate is iron nitrate nonahydrate, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate or nickel nitrate hexahydrate.
  • the precipitation agent is urea or ammonium carbonate.
  • the mol ratio of the two transition metal nitrates is 1:2
  • the molar ratio of the obtained double transition metal oxide, boron powder and precipitation agent is: 1: (50 ⁇ 100): (5 ⁇ 10), wherein the obtained double transition metal oxide It is calculated based on the theory of two transition metal nitrates.
  • the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 110-130° C.
  • the time is 12-24 hours.
  • the vacuum drying temperature is 80-120° C. and the time is 12-24 hours.
  • the flow rate of the ammonia gas is 100-200ml/min.
  • the heat treatment reaction temperature is 1200-1400° C.
  • the reaction time is 1-3 hours.
  • the present invention firstly passes boron powder, two kinds of transition metal nitrates and precipitating agent through hydrothermal reaction and low-temperature heat treatment, obtains the nanoscale double transition metal oxide that is uniformly distributed on the surface of boron powder, and then in ammonia atmosphere, with Nano-scale double-transition metal oxides are used as catalysts to obtain high-quality boron nitride nanotubes through high-temperature catalytic reactions; the resulting products are pure white boron nitride nanotubes with high purity, free of impurities such as boron nitride particles, and high yield.
  • the aspect ratio is large, the preparation method is simple, and the batch and stable preparation of boron nitride nanotubes can be realized.
  • the present invention prepares nano-scale double-transition metal oxides through hydrothermal reaction and low-temperature heat treatment.
  • the reaction conditions are mild and the preparation method is simple.
  • the obtained nano-scale double-transition metal oxides are evenly distributed on the surface of boron powder; Oxide as a catalyst has a remarkable catalytic effect.
  • the nanoscale size can better adsorb boron atoms and nitrogen atoms, providing more nucleation sites for boron nitride.
  • the two transition metals promote each other. It is beneficial to improve its catalytic performance and promote the growth of boron nitride nanotubes; the obtained boron nitride nanotubes have high purity and high yield.
  • FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture of boron nitride nanotubes prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a SEM picture of the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is an SEM picture of boron nitride nanotubes prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an SEM picture of boron nitride nanotubes prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is the SEM picture of the obtained boron nitride nanotubes prepared in this embodiment, the figure shows that the product has high purity, no granular impurities, and is a boron nitride nanotube with a one-dimensional nanostructure, and the diameter of the nanotube is uniform and long. The diameter ratio is large, the diameter is about 50nm, and the length exceeds 10 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 2 and Figure 3 are respectively the XRD pattern and SEM picture of the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in this example, indicating that the synthesized catalyst is a nanoscale double transition metal oxide (NiFe 2 O 4 ).
  • Step (2) Preparation of boron nitride nanotubes: Place the double-transition metal oxide-boron precursor obtained in step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, and heat-treat at 1200°C for 3h under an ammonia gas flow at a flow rate of 200ml/min , followed by natural cooling to room temperature to obtain high-quality pure white boron nitride nanotubes.
  • Fig. 4 is the SEM picture of the obtained boron nitride nanotubes prepared in this embodiment, the figure shows that the product has higher purity, no granular impurities, and is a boron nitride nanotube with a one-dimensional structure.
  • the diameter of the nanotube is uniform, the diameter It is about 65nm, and the length exceeds 10 ⁇ m.
  • the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in this example was characterized by XRD using a method similar to that of Example 1, which indicated that the synthesized catalyst was a nanoscale double transition metal oxide (CoFe 2 O 4 ).
  • Step (2) Preparation of boron nitride nanotubes: Place the double-transition metal oxide-boron precursor obtained in step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, and heat-treat at 1400°C for 3h under an ammonia gas flow at a flow rate of 100ml/min , followed by natural cooling to room temperature to obtain high-quality pure white boron nitride nanotubes.
  • Fig. 5 is the SEM picture of the obtained boron nitride nanotubes prepared in this embodiment, the figure shows that the product has high purity, no granular impurities, and is a boron nitride nanotube with a one-dimensional structure.
  • the diameter of the nanotubes is uniform, the diameter It is about 90 nm, and the length exceeds 10 ⁇ m.
  • the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in this example was characterized by XRD using a method similar to that of Example 1, which indicated that the synthesized catalyst was a nanoscale double transition metal oxide (FeCo 2 O 4 ).
  • Step (2) Preparation of boron nitride nanotubes: Place the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor obtained in step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, and heat-treat at 1400°C for 1h under an ammonia gas flow at a flow rate of 100ml/min , followed by natural cooling to room temperature to obtain high-quality pure white boron nitride nanotubes.
  • the product prepared in this example was characterized by a method similar to that of Example 1. The results showed that the product had a high purity, no granular impurities, and was a boron nitride nanotube with a one-dimensional structure. The diameter of the nanotube was uniform, with a diameter of About 10nm, the length exceeds 20 ⁇ m.
  • the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in this example was characterized by XRD using a method similar to that of Example 1, which indicated that the synthesized catalyst was a nanoscale double transition metal oxide (NiCo 2 O 4 ).
  • Step (2) Preparation of boron nitride nanotubes: Place the double-transition metal oxide-boron precursor obtained in step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, and heat-treat at 1250° C. h, followed by natural cooling to room temperature to obtain high-quality boron nitride nanotubes.
  • the product prepared in this example was characterized by a method similar to that of Example 1. The results showed that the product had a high purity, no granular impurities, and was a boron nitride nanotube with a one-dimensional structure. The diameter of the nanotube was uniform, with a diameter of About 30nm, the length exceeds 15 ⁇ m.
  • the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in this example was characterized by XRD using a method similar to that of Example 1, which indicated that the synthesized catalyst was a nanoscale double transition metal oxide (NiFe 2 O 4 ).
  • Step (2) Preparation of boron nitride nanotubes: Place the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor obtained in step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, and heat-treat at 1300°C for 2 hours under an ammonia gas flow at a flow rate of 150ml/min , followed by natural cooling to room temperature to obtain high-quality boron nitride nanotubes.
  • the product prepared in this example was characterized by a method similar to that of Example 1. The results showed that the product had a high purity, no granular impurities, and was a boron nitride nanotube with a one-dimensional structure. The diameter of the nanotube was uniform, with a diameter of About 35nm, the length exceeds 20 ⁇ m.
  • the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in this example was characterized by XRD using a method similar to that of Example 1, which indicated that the synthesized catalyst was a nanoscale double transition metal oxide (CoFe 2 O 4 ).
  • Step (2) Preparation of boron nitride nanotubes: Place the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor obtained in step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, and heat-treat at 1350°C for 2.5 h, followed by natural cooling to room temperature to obtain high-quality pure white boron nitride nanotubes.
  • the product prepared in this example was characterized by a method similar to that of Example 1. The results showed that the product had a high purity, no granular impurities, and was a boron nitride nanotube with a one-dimensional structure. The diameter of the nanotube was uniform, with a diameter of About 70nm, the length exceeds 5 ⁇ m.
  • the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in this example was characterized by XRD using a method similar to that of Example 1, which indicated that the synthesized catalyst was a nanoscale double transition metal oxide (FeCo 2 O 4 ).
  • Step (2) Preparation of boron nitride nanotubes: Place the double-transition metal oxide-boron precursor obtained in step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, and heat-treat at 1400°C for 3h under an ammonia gas flow at a flow rate of 200ml/min , followed by natural cooling to room temperature to obtain high-quality pure white boron nitride nanotubes.
  • the product prepared in this example was characterized by a method similar to that of Example 1. The results showed that the product had a high purity, no granular impurities, and was a boron nitride nanotube with a one-dimensional structure. The diameter of the nanotube was uniform, with a diameter of About 60nm, the length exceeds 30 ⁇ m.
  • the double transition metal oxide-boron precursor prepared in this example was characterized by XRD using a method similar to that of Example 1, which indicated that the synthesized catalyst was a nanoscale double transition metal oxide (NiCo 2 O 4 ).

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Abstract

一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，属于无机纳米材料领域。其步骤为：1)在去离子水中依次加入硼粉、两种过渡金属硝酸盐和沉淀剂，搅拌均匀，进行水热反应，过滤、真空干燥，然后在空气气氛中，280～300℃下热处理1～3h，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体；2)将所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在氨气气氛下升温至一定温度进行热处理反应，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的氮化硼纳米管。该方法以双过渡金属氧化物为催化剂，所得氮化硼纳米管纯度高，不含氮化硼颗粒等杂质，产率大；制备方法简单，可重复性好，可实现氮化硼纳米管的批量和稳定制备。

Description

一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法 技术领域
本发明属于无机纳米材料领域，具体涉及一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法。
背景技术
氮化硼纳米管因其优异的力学、热学和电学性能，受到了材料、物理、化学及交叉学科领域科学家的广泛关注(Pakdel A,et al.Mater Today,2012,15,256)。如：氮化硼纳米管的强度和杨氏模量均明显高于工程陶瓷与玻璃，甚至可与金刚石相媲美(Falin A,et al.Nat Commun.,2017,8,15815.Wei X L,et al.Adv Mater.,2010,22,4895)；它还具有独特的弹塑性变形能力—氮化硼纳米管数次弯曲后仍能恢复原貌，不产生明显缺陷(Golberg D,et al.Acta Mater.,2007,55,1293)。结晶良好、缺陷较少的氮化硼纳米管可在900℃的空气气氛下稳定存在(Golberg D,et al.Scripta Mater.,2001,44,1561.Zhi C Y,et al.Mat Sci Eng R.,2010,70,92)。
氮化硼纳米管上述优异的性能使其成为高性能复合材料(如：陶瓷基复合材料、金属基复合材料、聚合物基复合材料)领域非常有前途的无机纳米添加剂。如：将氮化硼纳米管加入到氮化硅(Li T F,et al.Ceram.Int.,2018,44,6456)、碳化硅(Zhu G X,et al.J Eur Ceam Soc.,2018,38,4614)、氧化锆(Tatarko P,et al.J Eur Ceam Soc.,2014,34,1829)、氧化铝(Wang W L,et al.J Am Ceam Soc.,2011,94,3636.J Eur Ceam Soc.,2011,31,2277)等先进结构陶瓷材料中，陶瓷材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性均有显著提升。对于金属基复合材料，在铝基复合材料中添加氮化硼纳米管后，材料的弯曲强度、硬度、弹性模量会显著提高(Nautiyal P,et al.Adv Eng Mater.,2016,18,1747.Antillon M,et al.Adv Eng Mater.,2018,20,1800122)，含氮化硼纳米管的铝基复合材料在航空航天用轻质、超强结构材料方面具有广阔应用前景(Yamaguchi M,et al.Acta Mater.,2012,60,6213.Bisht A,et al.Mat Sci Eng A.,2018,710,366)。在聚合物材料中添加氮化硼纳米管后，复合材料(如：氮化硼纳米管-聚苯 乙烯(Zhi C Y,et al.J Mater Res.,2006,21,2794)、氮化硼纳米管-聚乙烯醇(Zhou S J,et al.Nanotechnology,2012,23,055708)、氮化硼纳米管-聚碳酸酯(Lin S Q,et al.New J Chem.,2017,41,7571))的抗张强度、弹性模量和导热系数均有大幅度提高。
氮化硼纳米管在复合材料性能提升方面已取得一定的研究进展，但是，高质量、高纯度、高产率氮化硼纳米管的制备仍是限制其大规模应用的主要难题之一。热催化化学气相沉积法是制备氮化硼纳米管最常用的方法，主要原理是：高温下硼、氮原子在过渡金属(铁、钴、或镍)氧化物催化剂的作用下，基于“气-液-固”机理，通过“成核-生长”步骤形成氮化硼纳米管。但是单一过渡金属催化制备氮化硼纳米管时，通常存在催化效率低、所得氮化硼纳米管纯度不高、易生成颗粒状氮化硼等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，该方法以纳米级双过渡金属氧化物为催化剂，所得氮化硼纳米管纯度高，不含氮化硼颗粒等杂质，产率大；制备方法简单，可重复性好，可实现氮化硼纳米管的批量和稳定制备。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
提供一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在去离子水中依次加入硼粉、两种过渡金属硝酸盐和沉淀剂，搅拌均匀，进行水热反应，反应结束后过滤、真空干燥，然后将干燥的粉体在空气气氛下热处理，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体，其中热处理的温度为280～300℃，时间为1～3h；
(2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在氨气气氛下升温至一定温度进行热处理反应，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的氮化硼纳米管。
上述方案中，所述步骤(1)中，过渡金属硝酸盐为九水硝酸铁、六水硝酸钴或六水硝酸镍。
上述方案中，所述步骤(1)中，沉淀剂为尿素或碳酸铵。
上述方案中，所述步骤(1)中，两种过渡金属硝酸盐的摩尔比为1：2，
上述方案中，所述步骤(1)中，所得双过渡金属氧化物、硼粉和沉淀剂的摩尔比为：1：(50～100)：(5～10)，其中所得双过渡金属氧化物为根据两种过渡金属硝酸盐理论换算所得。
上述方案中，所述步骤(1)中，水热反应温度为110～130℃，时间为12～24h。
上述方案中，所述步骤(1)中，真空干燥的温度为80～120℃，时间为12～24h。
上述方案中，所述步骤(2)中，氨气的流速为100～200ml/min。
上述方案中，所述步骤(2)中，热处理反应温度为1200～1400℃，反应时间为1～3h。
本发明的有益效果为：
1.本发明首先将硼粉、两种过渡金属硝酸盐和沉淀剂通过水热反应和低温热处理，得到均匀分布于硼粉表面的纳米级双过渡金属氧化物，再在氨气气氛中，以纳米级双过渡金属氧化物为催化剂经高温催化反应即得高品质氮化硼纳米管；所得产物为纯白色氮化硼纳米管，纯度高，不含氮化硼颗粒等杂质，产率大，长径比大，制备方法简单、可以实现氮化硼纳米管的批量和稳定制备。
2.本发明通过水热反应和低温热处理制备得到纳米级双过渡金属氧化物，反应条件温和，制备方法简单，同时所得纳米级双过渡金属氧化物在硼粉表面均匀分布；纳米级双过渡金属氧化物作为催化剂，催化效果显著，一方面纳米级尺寸能够更好地吸附硼原子和氮原子，提供更多的氮化硼成核位点，另一方面两种过渡金属之间相互促进，有利于提升其催化性能，促进氮化硼纳米管的生长；所得氮化硼纳米管纯度高，产率大。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所制备的氮化硼纳米管的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片。
图2为本发明实施例1所制备的双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱。
图3为本发明实施例1所制备的双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的SEM图片。
图4为本发明实施例2所制备的氮化硼纳米管的SEM图片。
图5为本发明实施例3所制备的氮化硼纳米管的SEM图片。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在水热反应釜中依次加入50ml去离子水、0.25mol硼粉、0.0025mol六水硝酸镍、0.005mol九水硝酸铁、0.025mol尿素，磁力搅拌，然后110℃水热反应24h、过滤、80℃真空干燥24h，干燥的粉体在300℃的空气气氛下热处理3h，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼(NiFe 2O 4-B)前驱体。
(2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体平铺于高纯刚玉坩埚里，将刚玉坩埚置于化学气相沉积系统中，在流速为100ml/min的氨气气流下，1400℃热处理1h，随后自然冷却至室温，前驱体全部转化为纯白色的氮化硼纳米管，纯度高，产率大。
图1为本实施例制备所得氮化硼纳米管的SEM图，图中显示产物纯度高，无颗粒状杂质，均为一维纳米结构的氮化硼纳米管，纳米管的管径均一、长径比大，直径为50nm左右，长度超过10μm。图2和图3分别为本实施例制备所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的XRD图谱和SEM图片，表明所合成的催化剂为纳米级双过渡金属氧化物(NiFe 2O 4)。
实施例2
一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在水热反应釜中依次加入50ml去离子水、0.25mol硼粉、0.0025mol六水硝酸钴、0.005mol九水硝酸铁、0.025mol碳酸铵，磁力搅 拌，然后130℃水热反应12h、过滤、110℃真空干燥12h，干燥的粉体在280℃的空气气氛下热处理3h，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼(CoFe 2O 4-B)前驱体。
(2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在流速为200ml/min的氨气气流下，1200℃热处理3h，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的纯白色氮化硼纳米管。
图4为本实施例制备所得氮化硼纳米管的SEM图片，图中显示产物纯度较高，无颗粒状杂质，均为一维结构的氮化硼纳米管，纳米管的管径均一，直径为65nm左右，长度超过10μm。采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体进行XRD表征，表明所合成的催化剂为纳米级双过渡金属氧化物(CoFe 2O 4)。
实施例3
一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在水热反应釜中依次加入50ml去离子水、0.25mol硼粉、0.0025mol九水硝酸铁、0.005mol六水硝酸钴、0.0125mol尿素，磁力搅拌，然后130℃水热反应24h、过滤、110℃真空干燥24h，干燥的粉体在300℃的空气气氛下热处理3h，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼(FeCo 2O 4-B)前驱体。
(2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在流速为100ml/min的氨气气流下，1400℃热处理3h，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的纯白色氮化硼纳米管。
图5为本实施例制备所得氮化硼纳米管的SEM图片，图中显示产物纯度较高，无颗粒状杂质，均为一维结构的氮化硼纳米管，纳米管的管径均一，直径为90nm左右，长度超过10μm。采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体进行XRD表征，表明所合成的催化剂为纳米级双过渡金属氧化物(FeCo 2O 4)。
实施例4
一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在水热反应釜中依次加入50ml去离子水、 0.25mol硼粉、0.0025mol六水硝酸钴、0.005mol六水硝酸镍、0.0125mol碳酸铵，磁力搅拌，然后110℃水热反应12h、过滤、80℃真空干燥12h，干燥的粉体在280℃的空气气氛下热处理1h，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼(NiCo 2O 4-B)前驱体。
(2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在流速为100ml/min的氨气气流下，1400℃热处理1h，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的纯白色氮化硼纳米管。
采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的产物进行表征，结果表明产物纯度较高，无颗粒状杂质，均为一维结构的氮化硼纳米管，纳米管的管径均一，直径为10nm左右，长度超过20μm。采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体进行XRD表征，表明所合成的催化剂为纳米级双过渡金属氧化物(NiCo 2O 4)。
实施例5
一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在水热反应釜中依次加入50ml去离子水、0.125mol硼粉、0.0025mol六水硝酸镍、0.005mol九水硝酸铁、0.025mol碳酸铵，磁力搅拌，然后115℃水热反应18h、过滤、100℃真空干燥18h，干燥的粉体在285℃的空气气氛下热处理2.5h，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼(NiFe 2O 4-B)前驱体。
(2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在流速为130ml/min的氨气气流下，1250℃热处理1.5h，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的氮化硼纳米管。
采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的产物进行表征，结果表明产物纯度较高，无颗粒状杂质，均为一维结构的氮化硼纳米管，纳米管的管径均一，直径为30nm左右，长度超过15μm。采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体进行XRD表征，表明所合成的催化剂为纳米级双过渡金属氧化物(NiFe 2O 4)。
实施例6
一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在水热反应釜中依次加入50ml去离子水、0.125mol硼粉、0.0025mol六水硝酸钴、0.005mol九水硝酸铁、0.025mol尿素，磁力搅拌，然后120℃水热反应18h、过滤、100℃真空干燥24h，干燥的粉体在290℃的空气气氛下热处理2h，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼(CoFe 2O 4-B)前驱体。
(2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在流速为150ml/min的氨气气流下，1300℃热处理2h，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的氮化硼纳米管。
采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的产物进行表征，结果表明产物纯度较高，无颗粒状杂质，均为一维结构的氮化硼纳米管，纳米管的管径均一，直径为35nm左右，长度超过20μm。采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体进行XRD表征，表明所合成的催化剂为纳米级双过渡金属氧化物(CoFe 2O 4)。
实施例7
一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在水热反应釜中依次加入50ml去离子水、0.125mol硼粉、0.0025mol九水硝酸铁、0.005mol六水硝酸钴、0.0125mol碳酸铵，磁力搅拌，然后125℃水热反应18h、过滤、90℃真空干燥18h，干燥的粉体在295℃的空气气氛下热处理1.5h，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼(FeCo 2O 4-B)前驱体。
(2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在流速为180ml/min的氨气气流下，1350℃热处理2.5h，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的纯白色氮化硼纳米管。
采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的产物进行表征，结果表明产物纯度较高，无颗粒状杂质，均为一维结构的氮化硼纳米管，纳米管的管径均一，直径为70nm左右，长度超过5μm。采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体进行XRD表征，表明所合成的催化剂为纳米级双过渡金属氧化物(FeCo 2O 4)。
实施例8
一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在水热反应釜中依次加入50ml去离子水、0.125mol硼粉、0.0025mol六水硝酸钴、0.005mol六水硝酸镍、0.0125mol尿素，磁力搅拌，然后120℃水热反应24h、过滤、90℃真空干燥12h，干燥的粉体在280℃的空气气氛下热处理2h，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼(NiCo 2O 4-B)前驱体。
(2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在流速为200ml/min的氨气气流下，1400℃热处理3h，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的纯白色氮化硼纳米管。
采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的产物进行表征，结果表明产物纯度较高，无颗粒状杂质，均为一维结构的氮化硼纳米管，纳米管的管径均一，直径为60nm左右，长度超过30μm。采用与实施例1相似的方法对本实施例制备的双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体进行XRD表征，表明所合成的催化剂为纳米级双过渡金属氧化物(NiCo 2O 4)。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的实例，而并非对实施方式的限制。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而因此所引申的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种双过渡金属氧化物催化制备氮化硼纳米管的方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
    (1)双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体的制备：在去离子水中依次加入硼粉、两种过渡金属硝酸盐和沉淀剂，搅拌均匀，进行水热反应，反应结束后过滤、真空干燥，然后将干燥的粉体在空气气氛下热处理，得到双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体，其中热处理的温度为280～300℃，时间为1～3h；
    (2)氮化硼纳米管的制备：将步骤(1)所得双过渡金属氧化物-硼前驱体置于化学气相沉积系统中，在氨气气氛下升温至一定温度进行热处理反应，随后自然冷却至室温，得到高品质的氮化硼纳米管。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，过渡金属硝酸盐为九水硝酸铁、六水硝酸钴或六水硝酸镍。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，沉淀剂为尿素或碳酸铵。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，两种过渡金属硝酸盐的摩尔比为1：2。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，所得双过渡金属氧化物、硼粉和沉淀剂的摩尔比为：1：(50～100)：(5～10)，其中所得双过渡金属氧化物为根据两种过渡金属硝酸盐理论换算所得。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，水热反应温度为110～130℃，时间为12～24h。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，真空干燥的温度为80～120℃，时间为12～24h。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中，氨气的流速为100～200ml/min。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中，热处理反应温度为1200～1400℃，反应时间为1～3h。
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