WO2022258478A2 - Drehtrommel-ofen - Google Patents
Drehtrommel-ofen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022258478A2 WO2022258478A2 PCT/EP2022/065020 EP2022065020W WO2022258478A2 WO 2022258478 A2 WO2022258478 A2 WO 2022258478A2 EP 2022065020 W EP2022065020 W EP 2022065020W WO 2022258478 A2 WO2022258478 A2 WO 2022258478A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotary drum
- particles
- drum furnace
- tube
- rotary
- Prior art date
Links
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/10—Rotary retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
- C10B47/40—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with endless conveying devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
- C10B7/06—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with endless conveying devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/32—Arrangement of devices for charging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
- F27D2003/0063—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising endless belts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rotary drum furnace.
- a heated rotary drum furnace can be used for the gasification of plastic residues and biogenic substances, such as biomass, as well as carbon-containing, for example, plastic-bound carbon fibers and fibrous materials.
- the starting materials which are in the form of cleaned plastic particles, for example in the form of flakes, are generally referred to below as particles.
- the conveyance of the particles to be gasified can be effected by means of a rotating screw, a rigid tubular chain conveyor or pneumatically, with a partially cooled tubular chain conveyor having been shown to be particularly advantageous for the operation of such a rotary drum furnace.
- a uniform distribution of the particles to be gasified over the entire heated inner surface of the rotary kiln is essential, so that the particles can be gasified as spontaneously as possible.
- the resulting hot product gas can be sucked off via one or more suction openings of the rotary drum furnace located opposite the particle introduction opening and fed to a condensation plant.
- a rotary drum furnace is known, for example, from DE 102019 107739.0 A1.
- the material to be evaporated is transported by means of a tube chain conveyor or a screw inside the rotary tube, with a targeted flow of material in the direction of the inner wall of the rotary tube is produced.
- the tube chain conveyor is operated under atmospheric pressure so that the particles are discharged from the tube chain conveyor into the rotary tube solely by gravity. This has the disadvantage that the sometimes very light particles do not get completely into the rotary tube and the proportion of particles that are still in the tubular chain conveyor at the end of the rotary tube is comparatively high.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a device which eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art described above.
- a rotary drum furnace according to the invention for evaporating particles with a rotary tube designed for evaporating the particles and a conveying device for conveying the particles into the rotary tube the conveying device according to the invention comprises a nozzle unit to support the conveying of the particles.
- the particles which are produced from plastic residues in shredder devices, for example, are light with a weight in the range of 50 kg per cubic meter and therefore do not follow gravity easily, especially if the particles are moved in large quantities and this can lead to turbulence.
- the nozzle device counteracts this effect and thereby advantageously supports the discharge of the particles from the conveyor device into the rotary tube.
- the nozzle unit can include a nozzle arranged in a receptacle.
- the receptacle can be designed to be movable in at least two degrees of freedom. This has the advantage that the direction of action of the nozzle can be adjusted.
- the preferred degrees of freedom are the direction of action of the nozzle and a tilting of the receptacle about the axes perpendicular to the direction of action of the nozzle.
- the nozzle holder can be moved manually or via actuators.
- the diameter of the nozzle of the nozzle unit can be adjustable. This allows the amount of gas and the spray pattern, i.e. the way the gas is distributed in the room, to be adjusted. Alternatively, the nozzle can also be exchanged and the position and setup adjusted when the new nozzle is reinstalled.
- the nozzle unit can be arranged in the area of at least one discharge opening formed in the conveying device. This has the advantage that the discharge of the particles from the conveying device into the rotary tube is improved and fewer particles remain in the conveying tube at the end of the rotary tube.
- the nozzle unit can be arranged in the region of a discharge opening of a conveying tube of the conveying device running in the rotary tube.
- the particles can be brought into the rotary tube through the conveying tube, it being possible for the particles to be evenly distributed over a number of discharge openings in the rotary tube.
- the effect of the gas flow caused by the nozzle unit can be adjusted in such a way that the discharge from the conveyor tube into the rotary tube is advantageously supported becomes.
- the nozzle unit can be arranged in the area of an emergency discharge opening formed in an emergency discharge device of the conveying device.
- the emergency discharge device is in the conveying direction of the conveying device in front of the rotary tube and in front of a material supply device through which the conveying tube with the
- the emergency discharge device can be used, for example, when the process is interrupted, in which case the particles that are already in the conveying tube and have not yet been brought into the rotary tube in reverse operation of the conveying device through the emergency discharge opening tion can be removed from the conveying tube.
- a chain tensioning device is present, as a result of which the conveyor chain can be prevented from jumping off.
- the emergency discharge opening can also be used for maintenance purposes, for example to check a conveyor chain and plates running in the conveyor tube. Furthermore, foreign bodies that have entered the conveying device through the emergency discharge opening can be removed. These foreign bodies can be detected, for example, by sensors such as acoustic sensors or metal detectors.
- the nozzle unit can be arranged in the area of a collective discharge opening formed in an overflow area of the conveying device.
- This area of the conveyor device can be directly connected to the area that leads through the rotary tube and is used to collect all particles that are not discharged in the area of the rotary tube, which are also referred to as overflow, and to clean the conveyor chain and the plates that have passed through sticking together or sticking particles can be contaminated.
- the overflow area therefore initially includes a cooling device in order to cool down the conveying pipe and the particles located therein.
- the cooling device is independent of a temperature control device designed to temper the conveying tube.
- the overflow area includes a beating device and a brush cleaning system, which can remove the particle residues and adhesions.
- the nozzle units can support the cleaning, whereby the setting of the nozzle, the pressure used and the type of flow can differ greatly from the nozzle units arranged in the rotary tube or in the emergency discharge opening.
- a pressure in the range of approx. 10 bar can be used for cleaning.
- the nozzle unit can be arranged opposite at least one discharge opening.
- the flow is formed at the highest point of the conveying tube and can cover almost the entire cross section of the conveying tube, as a result of which a large number of the particles floating in the conveying tube are caught by the flow and brought in the direction of the discharge opening.
- the nozzle unit can bring about a flow in the direction of at least one discharge opening.
- the flow caused by the nozzle is designed in such a way that, on the one hand, it loosens the particles adhering, for example, to or on the conveyor chain or the plates and, on the other hand, the movement of the particles that are at least partially floating in the conveyor tube in the direction of the discharge opening is caused by the flow is supported.
- the flow can be designed differently.
- a large volume flow and a high gas pressure can be used.
- the flow can be pulsed, as a result of which the volume flow of the flow is advantageously reduced.
- the length and strength of the impulses can be used to control the temperature of the particles in the conveying tube on the one hand and the cooling of the rotary tube on the other.
- the flow can be directed onto the chain and plate contained by the conveying device.
- the flow impulse can always be activated when a plate of the conveyor device is located in the area of the flow.
- the efficiency i.e. the particle quantity moved or discharged by a pulse, can be advantageously improved or the duration and frequency of the pulses can be reduced with the same discharge.
- a supply line for supplying the nozzle with a gas can be arranged in such a way that the gas is prevented from heating up.
- the heating of the gas in the area of the rotary kiln can lead to heating of the particles lead above their plasticization temperature.
- the particles can begin to melt and stick to the conveyor chain, the plates and/or the conveyor tube itself.
- the gas temperature is not more than 50°.
- the supply line can run within an outer shell of the conveying device.
- the conveying tube can include a mineral or ceramic insulating layer and an intermediate space through which a fluid flows in order to avoid heating of the particles in the outer shell.
- the supply lines and thus the gas conducted in the supply lines are passively protected from the temperature of approx. 700°C prevailing in the furnace.
- the feed line can also be arranged in the space flushed with a fluid, as a result of which active cooling of the gas can be achieved.
- the gas used for the flow can also be temperature-controlled in a targeted manner by means of temperature control, so that the temperature can be set and, if necessary, adapted to the educts at any time.
- a rotary drum furnace according to the invention for evaporating particles with a rotary tube designed for evaporating the particles and a conveying device for conveying the particles into the rotary tube comprises means according to the invention for simplifying the maintenance of the conveying device. This advantageously simplifies the maintenance of the rotary tube, e.g. to remove unevaporated particle residues or residues from evaporation or the conveying tube that remain in the rotary tube, such as the removal of particles stuck to the chain, the plates or the inner wall of the conveying tube .
- the means can be designed as an emergency discharge device. This is used to remove particles that have already entered the conveyor tube but not yet entered the rotary tube or to remove foreign bodies such as metal parts or parts from a broken plate of the tube chain conveyor.
- the emergency discharge device can be arranged in such a way that the particles can be discharged when the conveying device is operated in reverse. This is the case when the emergency discharge device is arranged in front of the material feed device in the conveying direction.
- the emergency discharge device can also be used for visual inspection of the conveyor chain and the plates, with the visual inspection usually being carried out in the area of the overflow or in the area of the deflection device of the conveyor chain.
- the means can be designed as a non-stick surface for simplified cleaning of a conveyor chain and plates of the conveyor device.
- the non-stick surface can be realized by a non-stick coating comprising PTFE (Teflon) or by polishing.
- the means can be designed as a device for cleaning, which is designed as part of the rotary drum furnace and can be controlled by a central control.
- an automated cleaning process can be integrated into the process, which can be carried out, for example, after a certain process duration or when the particles processed in the rotary drum furnace are changed.
- the cleaning device can comprise a braided pressure cleaner or a steam cleaner.
- a steam cleaner works with steam and usually at lower pressures of 3 to 20 bar
- high-pressure cleaners that work with water can reach pressures of up to 1000 bar and thus achieve a higher cleaning performance.
- the means can be designed as an installation and/or removal aid. As part of maintenance, for example, it may be necessary for the entire conveying tube to be removed from the rotary tube.
- the installation and/or removal aid can include a guide tube with a centering device that is optionally supported by rollers. This supports the end of the conveyor tube that is freely floating during installation or removal in the rotary tube and thereby relieves a second bearing of the conveyor tube, which must be used to absorb the entire weight of the conveyor tube. It also simplifies the centering of the production tube in the rotary tube during reinstallation.
- Another rotary drum furnace according to the invention for evaporating particles with a rotary tube designed for evaporating the particles and a conveyor device for conveying the particles into the rotary tube includes means according to the invention for increasing the service life of the conveyor device.
- the means can be designed as a guide for a conveyor chain of the conveyor device, which is designed in such a way that the conveyor chain rotates about its own axis.
- This can be realized, for example, by twisting the chain in the area of the deflection device.
- the constant rotation of the chain around its own axis causes an even load and an even wear of the chain and the plates arranged on the chain.
- the means can be designed as a pretension of the conveyor chain.
- the preload reduces wear in the area of the deflection devices and centers the conveyor chain with the freely movable plates attached to the conveyor chain.
- the attachment is designed in such a way that the plates can tilt in the conveying tube, so that if there is a solid obstacle on the inner wall of the conveying tube, the plate tilts and damage to the plate can thereby be avoided.
- the means can be designed as a scale-like jacket of a delivery pipe of the delivery device.
- the scales of the coat can have fixed points and sliding seams.
- the fixed points are expediently designed, for example in the form of a weld seam, on the discharge openings of the conveyor tube, so that the length between the discharge openings can be compensated for via the sliding seams. This leads to a Reduction of the changes in length caused by the changes in temperature in the jacket and the resulting tension in the material of the jacket, thereby advantageously increasing the service life of the jacket.
- Another rotary drum furnace according to the invention for evaporating particles with a rotary tube designed for evaporating the particles and a conveyor device for conveying the particles into the rotary tube comprises, according to the invention, at least one sensor. Sensors can support the control of the process by detecting physical properties at various points in the rotary drum furnace, which can then be evaluated and used as an input variable for open-loop and/or closed-loop control.
- the rotary drum furnace can include sensors for detecting gases, pressure and/or temperature. For example, they can monitor the oxygen content in the rotary kiln to ensure an oxygen-free process. Outside the rotary kiln or rotary kiln, the nitrogen and hydrogen content can be detected to monitor the formation of an explosive gas mixture in or around the rotary kiln due to the enrichment of the environment with methane or hydrogen produced in the process.
- the rotary drum furnace is mainly operated at atmospheric pressure, whereby a slight negative pressure can prevail in the rotary kiln, which can be detected by pressure sensors. The negative pressure ensures that no combustible gases escape and minimizes the penetration of false gases, i.e. gases that adversely affect the process, such as oxygen, into the conveying tube. Temperature monitoring in the rotary kiln is necessary to control evaporation.
- the means can be designed as imaging devices, in particular as an infrared camera.
- the infrared camera can be arranged, for example, in the fixed covers of the rotary kiln and record the temperature distribution in the rotary kiln. This can be used, for example, as a further input for controlling the conveying device or the temperature control of the rotary tube or the nozzles according to the invention described above.
- the imaging device can be designed as a surveillance camera, for example. io det to visually monitor the process at various points, such as a level sensor in a collection container in the overflow area. All of the sensors arranged in the rotary tube can advantageously be protected against an aggressive gas atmosphere of 500° C.-900° Celsius and a high proportion of dust.
- the particles collected in the overflow area are discharged according to the invention via a return run, i.e. a particularly pressure-tight and cooled return device for the conveyor chain or a material supply container of the rotary drum furnace or a shredder used to prepare the particles for the rotary drum furnace and thus fed back into the process.
- a return run i.e. a particularly pressure-tight and cooled return device for the conveyor chain or a material supply container of the rotary drum furnace or a shredder used to prepare the particles for the rotary drum furnace and thus fed back into the process.
- Another rotary drum furnace for evaporating particles with a rotary tube designed for evaporating the particles and a conveyor device for conveying the particles into the rotary tube includes means for improving the material supply of the conveyor device.
- the means can be designed as a compression unit for feeding the particles into a material feed tank of the conveyor device.
- the compaction processing unit can be arranged between the supply of the particles and the material feed container, from which the particles are pushed into the conveying tube.
- air In storage or during the production of the particles, air is often trapped between the particles, which does not escape even when it is fed to the material feed device of the rotary drum furnace.
- air can also be introduced. In order to remove the air and thus the oxygen between the particles, which interferes with the process, these are compressed, for example, by a so-called press screw, which means that most of the air escapes.
- the particles will pressed against an adjustable cone by the screw so that the particles are compressed and the air with the oxygen can escape.
- the material feed tank can be flooded with nitrogen, so that a slight overpressure is created in the material feed tank, which prevents air from penetrating.
- the means can be designed as a turntable for the discharge from the Materialzulaufbe container in a conveyor tube of the conveyor.
- a mechanical conveying unit comprises a hopper in which at least two turntables driven by drives, whose axes of rotation are aligned perpendicularly to the hopper walls, are arranged opposite one another. In particular, the turntables can rotate in opposite directions.
- the turntables mechanically push the light particles, which in the case of plastic items can weigh only 50 kg/m 3 , into the conveying tube of the tube chain conveyor.
- the supply of the particles which would otherwise only be effected by the gravitational force of the particles, is thereby advantageously supported, as a result of which a controlled supply of particles that are not free-flowing to the rotary tube can also be ensured.
- the invention has the effect that the discharge of the particles is advantageously improved with a uniform covering of the heated inner wall of the rotary tube, as a result of which the complete evaporation of the particles conveyed into the interior is brought about.
- the arrangement of the nozzles improves discharge and minimizes particle residues at the end of the rotary kiln.
- the means for simplifying the maintenance of the conveyor, the means for increasing the life of the conveyor, the means for monitoring the process and means for improving the material supply contribute to a further advantageous improvement in the efficiency of the rotary drum furnace. Exemplary embodiments and variants of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rotary drum furnace according to the invention from the side
- FIG. 2 shows a section along line II-II in FIG. 1 through a conveying tube according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view from above through a rotary drum furnace according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of a rotary drum furnace according to the invention.
- a rotary drum furnace 1 which comprises at least one indirectly heatable rotary tube 2, which is rotatably mounted about a longitudinal axis X of the furnace.
- the rotary tube 2 is designed as a flea cylinder and is closed at both of its end faces by means of a cover 3,4.
- the rotary tube 2 is heated by means of a preferably external heating device (not shown) to a temperature which is sufficient to break down particles obtained from waste on the inside of the heated rotary tube 2 by evaporation in an oxygen-free atmosphere, i.e. by pyrolysis.
- the particles include, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene or biomass.
- the inner diameter of the rotary cylindrical tube 2 is 70 cm to 100 cm, for example.
- the rotational speed of the rotary tube 2, with which it rotates around a stationary conveyor 10, is, for example, 10 to 20 revolutions per minute.
- the movement gap in the covers 3, 4 between the rotary tube 2 and the conveyor device 10 is sealed in such a way that the medium located in the interior of the furnace cannot escape to the outside.
- the rotary drum furnace 1 is predominantly operated atmospherically, with a slight negative pressure prevailing in the rotary tube 2, which is detected by pressure sensors 32. The negative pressure ensures that no combustible gases escape to the outside.
- the conveyor device 10 conveys the particles into the rotary drum furnace 1.
- the particles are heated by the temperature of the heated rotary tube 2, which is between 500° and 900° Celsius, advantageously between 600° and 700° Celsius, and thereby evaporate.
- the temperature in the rotary tube 2 is recorded by infrared cameras 29 arranged in the cover 3, 4.
- the gas generated by the evaporation of the particles is sucked out of the interior of the rotary tube 2 via the suction opening 6 and is fed to a further post-treatment (not shown), for example a fractionated still, in which Depending on the temperature, different types of fuel such as paraffin, diesel, petrol and gases are produced. Carbon residues that also occur in the process are conveyed out of the rotary kiln 2, cooled and disposed of or fed to further thermal processing, such as thermosynthesis.
- entry quantities of 1000 kg to 1500 kg per hour can be evaporated.
- the conveying tube 15 is also designed to be pressure-tight outside of the rotary tube 2, so that the oxygen-free atmosphere, which must be guaranteed at least in the rotary tube 2, can be ensured.
- a pressure sensor 32 and a gas sensor 30 in the rotary tube 2 are shown in FIG.
- Another gas sensor 31 detects the concentration of methane and/or hydrogen obtained in the process in order to monitor a flammable or explosive gas mixture outside the rotary kiln 2 .
- the particles are transported in the longitudinal direction of the rotary tube 2 at an inherent temperature below their plasticization temperature, in particular below 50 °C, and through discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e the opposite inner peripheral surface of the rotating tube 2 rotating smoothly.
- Trained as a tubular chain conveyor 11 conveying device 10 runs centrally through the closed with the cover 3 first end face in the longitudinal direction into the rotary tube 2 and through the cover 4 of the second end face out again.
- the two ends of the tube chain conveyor 11, which includes a conveyor tube 15 are connected to one another via a so-called return run, which is covered by the rotary tube 2 in FIG. 1, so that an endless conveyor device 10 results.
- the speed of the tube chain conveyor 11 is 1 m/min to 20 m/min, in particular 18 m/min.
- plates 12 are pulled, which push the particles in front of them and thereby transport them.
- the plates 12, which are only shown as an example in FIG.
- the plates 12 are adapted to the cross section of the interior 16 of the conveying tube 15 and have for example a diameter of 15 cm.
- the diameter is 1 mm to 2 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the conveyor tube 15, with a film forming between the edge of the plates 12 and the inner wall of the conveyor tube 15 during operation of the conveyor device 10, so that the plates 12 largely seal the conveyor tube 15.
- the particles are pushed by the plates 12 through the conveyor tube 15 to the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e, through which they are introduced into the rotary tube 2.
- the material supply device 50 comprises a compression unit 53 which compresses the particles coming from a supply 52, whereby the air surrounding the particles is removed, so that advantageously no oxygen enters the system.
- the particles degassed in this way are temporarily stored in a material feed tank 51 and blanketed with nitrogen, the material feed tank is therefore flooded with nitrogen in order to prevent oxygen from being carried into the conveying tube 15 .
- the material to be conveyed in the form of particles is conveyed from the material feed tank 51 into the conveying tube 15 of the tubular chain conveyor 11 in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the mechanical conveying unit 59 is not absolutely necessary in the case of particles from biomass, which are free-flowing.
- the amount introduced via the material feed tank 51 is, for example, 350 g per second.
- the material feed device 50 is described in detail in FIG. Between the material feed device 50 and a deflection device 27 for the conveyor chain 13 of the tube chain conveyor 11 arranged in front of it in the conveying direction y, an emergency discharge device 63 is arranged, which has an emergency discharge opening 65 in the conveying tube 15 .
- the tube chain conveyor 11 can be set to reverse operation.
- the particles that have not yet been gassed can be removed from the rotary drum furnace 1 and discharged from the tubular chain conveyor 11 via the emergency stop 65 .
- This process is accomplished by nozzle units arranged opposite the emergency discharge opening 65 67 supported, which spend the particles from the conveyor tube 15 in the collection container 66 by a gas pulse or continuous gas flow.
- a blockage of the conveyor device 10 can be released by switching between forward and reverse operation.
- the emergency discharge port 65 can be used to remove the object.
- the foreign bodies are detected by sensors 33, which are designed, for example, as acoustic, ultrasonic or magnetic sensors and can detect a foreign body or a fault based on the change in the recorded frequency spectrum.
- sensors 33 which are designed, for example, as acoustic, ultrasonic or magnetic sensors and can detect a foreign body or a fault based on the change in the recorded frequency spectrum.
- a gas-tight collection container 66 which can be flushed with nitrogen (N 2 ), which also prevents oxygen from entering the system here.
- the emergency discharge opening 65 can be closed by a gas-tight slide 64 when the rotary drum furnace 1 is in operation.
- Discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e are formed one behind the other in the longitudinal direction in the conveying tube 15 and in its outer shell 17. These discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e have different size dimensions, the size of these discharge openings 23, 23a,
- the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e which differ in size, ensure that the discharge quantity remains the same over the length of the conveying tube 15.
- the entire length of the rotary tube 2 in the area of the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e is evenly covered by the particles falling onto the inner wall of the furnace, so that a uniform evaporation of the same is effected.
- the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e can all be the same size or their size can decrease.
- the size of the particles is such that an area size is calculated on the basis of a maximum diameter of 1 cm +/- 10% is realized, although larger particles can also be present.
- the thickness of the particles is 100 gm +/- 10%.
- a nozzle unit 40 arranged above the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e supports the discharge of the particles by a directed, pulsed flow 46 in the direction of the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e, which is shown in FIG Figure 2 is explained in more detail.
- the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e can have the same geometry or a different geometry to one another, specifically a rectangular, circular or oval geometry.
- the Austragsöff openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e are advantageously arranged on the inner circumference of the conveyor tube 15 circumferentially offset from each other.
- the last discharge opening 23e in the conveying direction y is at a distance from the opposite end of the housing, which corresponds in particular to 10% to 20% of the total inner length of the rotary tube 2, which means that there is sufficient time in this so-called post-gassing section 5 for the particles introduced into the rotary tube 2 to be gasified , before they have reached the end of the rotary tube 2.
- the length of the rotary drum furnace 1 according to the invention or its rotary tube 2 is, for example, 7 m.
- the section of the conveyor device 10 that is in the conveying direction y and is led out on the cover 4 is designed as an overflow area 70 .
- the overflow area 70 includes a cooling device 72 for tempering the jacket 22 of the conveying tube 15 heated by the radiant heat of the rotary tube 2.
- the cooling device 72 is independent of a tempering device used for tempering the region of the conveying tube 15 arranged in the rotary tube 2.
- a collecting container 76 is arranged below the conveying tube 15, in which the particles remaining in the conveying tube 15, the so-called overflow, can be collected.
- the overflow area 70 comprises a beating device 73 and a brush cleaning device 74 for removing the loose particles and the particles firmly connected by gluing to the conveyor chain 13 or the plates 12 .
- the overflow area 70 includes a nozzle unit 75 which is arranged in the conveying pipe 15 or generates a directed gas flow through an opening of the conveying tube 15 .
- the gas used is expediently inert so that, as already described above, the evaporation or pyrolysis in the rotary tube 2 is not adversely affected. Nitrogen is preferably used for this.
- the gas flow is directed in such a way that the particles remaining on the conveyor chain 13 and on the plates 12 are directly in the flow and are thus effectively cleaned off and at the same time the partially very light particles are transported by the gas flow from the conveyor tube 15 through a collection discharge opening 79 into the Collection container 76 are spent.
- the collecting discharge opening 79 like the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e in the region of the rotary tube 2, is also permanently open.
- a filling level sensor 34 in the form of a camera detects the filling level of the particles in the collection container 76.
- a permanent conveyor in the form of a tubular chain conveyor 77 is arranged on the bottom of the collection container 76 and transports the particles away.
- the drive 71 of the tubular chain conveyor 11 is arranged following the overflow area 70 and at the same time represents the second deflection device 27 of the endless tubular chain conveyor 11 .
- the plate 12 and the conveyor chain 13 can also be designed in such a way that sticking of the particles, which develop a partially sticky consistency due to partial gasification, with the conveyor chain 13 and the plates 12 is advantageously avoided. This can be done, for example, by coating it with PTFE or a similar material, or by polishing. Experiments have shown that fewer particles get stuck on the tube chain conveyor 11 as a result.
- the conveyor chain 13 can be guided in such a way that during operation it can constantly rotate about its own axis together with the plates 12 , so that there is even wear due to friction of the plates 12 on the inside of the conveyor tube 15 .
- This has the advantage that, due to the even wear, the service life of the plates 12 is extended, and they remain round for longer and therefore leak-proof. The constant rotation loads the chain more evenly, resulting in a longer service life.
- it is advantageous to install a chain tensioner with chain tension monitoring in such a way that a change in length of the conveyor chain 13 of the tubular chain conveyor 11 caused by the effects of temperature and wear is automatically compensated, especially in the case of reverse operation. additional This advantageously prevents the conveyor chain 13 from jumping off the drive wheel or the deflection device 27 .
- FIG. 2 shows a section through the conveying tube 15 in the region of the rotary tube 2 in the discharge opening 23.
- the conveying tube 15 is expediently made of steel, in particular stainless steel, and has an inner diameter of in particular 20 to 22 cm.
- the conveying tube 15 is surrounded by a thermally insulating outer shell 17 which has a steel jacket 18, this steel jacket 18 being arranged at a distance from the conveying tube 15 so that there is a distance between the two components and thus an intermediate space 19 is present.
- a coolant for example demineralized water, is poured into this intermediate space 19 and pumped from one end of the conveying pipe 15 to the other end.
- the intermediate space 19 includes a non-illustrated pressure relief valve and, for safety, two redundant pumps in order to avoid cooling failure.
- the steel jacket 18 is surrounded by a thermal insulation layer 20 .
- this insulation layer 20 comprises a mineral or ceramic material, such as rock wool or ceramic fibers.
- the insulation layer 20 is surrounded by an enveloping layer 21 made of aluminum foil, which has the advantage that it brings about reduced IR radiation due to its low emissivity.
- the cladding layer 21 is surrounded by a jacket 22, which includes steel in particular. This jacket 22 is exposed to the temperature prevailing in the interior of the rotary tube 2 .
- the temperatures caused by the Tempe linear expansion of the shell 22 is compensated by a scale-like (not shown) formation of the shell 22, the scales include fixed points and sliding seams.
- the fixed points are expediently designed, for example in the form of a weld seam on the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e, so that the length between the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23d, 23e is compensated the sliding seams can be realized.
- the outer diameter of the conveying device 10 including the outer casing 17 is 30 cm in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and depends on the diameter of the conveying pipe 15 used, which usually has a diameter of the DN standard.
- the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e are funnel-shaped in cross section, expanding outward.
- the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d and 23e are lined with a protective layer 24, in particular made of steel, with the steel also being able to have a PTFE layer.
- This protective layer 24 is connected to the conveying tube 15 at one end.
- a thermal insulation 25 is formed at the other end at the transition between this protective layer 24 and the outer jacket 22 and connects the outer jacket 22 to the protective layer 24 .
- This thermal insulation 25 prevents the temperature of the outer jacket 22 from being passed on to the conveying tube 15.
- This thermal insulation 25 can, for example, comprise a ceramic material.
- a nozzle unit 40 to support the discharge of the particles 80 from the conveyor tube 15 is arranged in a recess 43 in the intermediate space 19 through which coolant flows or alternatively (shown in dashed lines) in the thermal insulation layer 20 .
- the nozzle unit 40 comprises a receptacle 42 with a nozzle 41, the receptacle 42 being mounted such that it can pivot and be positioned. As a result, the nozzle 41 can be rotated, tilted and shifted in all three spatial directions.
- the nozzles 41 are connected via branches 45 to feed lines 44 which in turn are connected to a gas supply (not shown).
- the supply lines 44 run along the conveying tube 15 within the intermediate space 19 or the thermal insulation layer 20.
- the nozzle units 40 are arranged in the area of the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e.
- the nozzle units 40 are arranged directly opposite the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e, but can alternatively also be arranged at another suitable position on the circumference of the conveyor tube 15, as shown in Figure 2 by nozzle units 40 shown in dashed lines is.
- the flow 46 generated by the exit of the gas from the nozzles 41 is directed in such a way that the movement of the particles 80, in addition to gravity and the movement of the plates 12, which are pulled on the conveyor chain 13 through the conveyor tube 15, in the direction of the discharge openings 23 , 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e.
- the gas used is an inert gas, preferably nitrogen (N2), and is tempered in such a way that the temperature in the conveying tube 15 remains below the plasticization temperature of approximately 50° C. in order to prevent the particles 80 from sticking together in the conveying tube 15 the conveyor chain 13 and the plates 12 to avoid.
- N2 nitrogen
- the gas used is an inert gas, preferably nitrogen (N2), and is tempered in such a way that the temperature in the conveying tube 15 remains below the plasticization temperature of approximately 50° C. in order to prevent the particles 80 from sticking together in the conveying tube 15 the conveyor chain 13 and the plates 12 to avoid.
- N2 nitrogen
- the flow 46 is only generated in a pulsed manner, ie only for a short time, as a result of which the cooling input of the gas, which is cold compared to the temperature in the rotary tube 2, is minimized.
- the gas used for the nozzles 41 can also be tempered to further optimize the process, so that the temperature in the conveying tube 15 both prevents the particles 80 from sticking together in the conveying tube 15 and also minimizes unnecessary cooling of the rotary tube 2 .
- the strong flow 46 directed at the top of the conveyor chain 13 and the plates 12 driving past causes the particles 80 to be blown off the conveyor chain 13 and from the plates 12 .
- this pulsed flow 46 is clocked and directed in such a way that the entire conveyor chain 13 and all plates 12 are evenly charged over the entire conveyor path and all discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e of the conveyor tube 15.
- the directed pulsed flow 46 can be timed depending on the conveying speed of the tubular chain conveyor 11 in such a way that the pulse starts when the area of the chain conveyor 11 is between two plates 12 directly above the respective discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e located.
- the pulses can be clocked via solenoid valves in the branches 45 or in the feed lines 44, for example with a clocking of one second valve open (flow) and two seconds valve closed (no flow).
- a nozzle unit 40 to support the movement of the particles 80 in the direction of the discharge openings 23, 23 a, 23b, 23c,
- the nozzles 41 of the nozzle unit 40 also include adjustable nozzle diameters, so that they can be adapted to different types of Particles 80 can be adjusted. Nozzle diameters of 0.6-1.2 mm and a gas pressure in front of the nozzles 41 in the range of 5 bar are advantageous.
- cone nozzles with an opening angle of about 60° can be used; the hole diameter can change from discharge opening to discharge opening in such a way that it becomes smaller in the conveying direction.
- the supply lines 44 leading to the nozzles 41 with an outer diameter of 10mm -12mm are routed in the intermediate space 19 in the cooling water or in the thermal insulation layer 20 of the RKF.
- the gas (N 2 ) is temperature-controlled to a temperature between 40°C and 100°C depending on the quality of the particles, so that the flow 46 caused by the gas pulses does not result in spontaneous cooling and condensation of the rotary tube 2 generated product gas in the interior 16 of the conveyor tube 15, such as occurs on the conveyor chain 13 or the plates 12, the particles 80 are still too warm and stick as described above. Shrinkage of the particles can also be advantageously avoided by using an optimally tempered gas.
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view from above of a rotary drum furnace 1, which, in addition to the rotary tube 2, shows the entire endless path of the conveyor device 10.
- a certain so-called overflow is always conveyed out of the rotary tube 2 both during start-up operation and during continuous operation of the rotary drum furnace 1.
- the particles are cleaned off the conveyor chain 13 and the plates 12 of the tubular chain conveyor 11 by mechanical cleaning in the form of a knocking device 73 and a brush cleaning system 74.
- a nozzle unit 75 is arranged in front of the drive wheel (not shown) of the drive 71, which has the same structure as the nozzle units 40 described in FIG.
- the gas pulse generated by the nozzle unit 75 supports the discharge of the particles remaining on the conveyor chain 13 and the plates 12, as well as the partially gasified particles floating in the conveyor tube 15, into a gas-tight collection container 76 arranged below the overflow area 70.
- a gas-tight collection container 76 arranged below the overflow area 70.
- the particles are fed back into the return run 28 via a return line 78 or directly into the material feed tank 51 of the tube chain conveyor 11 transported. In this way, the particle transport can be closed gas-tight to form an endless circuit, as a result of which the oxygen-free atmosphere for the pyrolysis process carried out in the rotary tube 2 can advantageously be ensured.
- the rear rum 28 can be designed to be pressure-tight and cooled.
- the collected overflow can be conveyed by means of the tubular chain conveyor 77 for particle production, i.e. for example a shredder device (not shown) and ground together with fresh plastic bales in the shredder during particle production and thus also returned to the process.
- the rotary drum furnace 1 also includes sensors for checking, controlling and regulating the overall process, such as temperature sensors 29, gas sensors 30, 31, pressure sensors 32, fill level sensor 34 and acoustic sensors 33.
- the oxygen content in the gas-tight tube chain conveyor 11 and Rotating tube 2 is monitored with the aid of a gas sensor 30 in order to ensure the oxygen-free process.
- infrared cameras 29 are arranged, which detect the temperature in the rotary tube 2 and can be designed to be cooled. Furthermore, sensors 31 for detecting methane and/or hydrogen can be arranged outside of the rotary tube 2 in order to detect the formation of combustible or explosive gas mixtures outside of the rotary tube 2 .
- the sensors 30, 32 inside the rotary tube 2 are advantageously protected against an aggressive gas atmosphere of approx.
- the associated lines are preferably and where possible routed in the cooling water chambers and/or within the thermal insulation layer 20 of the outer shell 17 of the tube chain conveyor 11 .
- FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of the material feed device 50 and the emergency stop carrying device 63, which are arranged in front of the rotary tube 2 in the conveying direction are.
- the material supply device 50 comprises a material supply container 51 into which the particles supplied via a supply 52 from production, ie for example a shredder, are introduced with the aid of a compression unit 53 .
- additives such as lime for neutralizing chlorine, can also be fed into the material feed tank 51 .
- the compression unit 53 includes a press screw 54 which, for example, removes the air surrounding the particles as a result of a pneumatic conveyance used in the inlet 52 or else a mechanical conveyance.
- the particles are compressed against a cone 56 by means of a press screw 54 driven by a drive 55 or another pressing tool, as a result of which the air can escape and the particles are metered into the material feed tank 51 and conveyed to the.
- the press screw 54 serves as a gas-tight seal for the material feed tank 51, which is flushed with N2. This ensures an oxygen-free atmosphere in the entire process space of the rotary drum furnace 1, which ensures the evaporation and, in particular, the complete pyrolysis of the particles.
- Sensors (not shown) for monitoring the content of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are arranged in the material feed tank 51 so that no explosive gas mixture can form in the material feed tank 51 .
- the entire process space of the rotary drum furnace 1 is monitored, with the sensors in the material feed container 51 possibly also coming from the tubular chain conveyor 11 process gases escaping into the material feed tank 51.
- the usually extremely light and therefore poorly free-flowing particles, which therefore hardly or not at all slip into the tubular chain conveyor 11 without support, are pressed from the material supply container 51 into the tubular chain conveyor 11 with the aid of a mechanical conveyor unit 59 and the material supply container 51 is emptied evenly metered.
- the mechanical conveyor unit 59 comprises a hopper 60 in which turntables 61 driven by drives 62 , the axes of rotation of which are aligned perpendicularly to the hopper walls, push the particles in the direction of the tubular chain conveyor 11 .
- a fast-acting gas-tight Safety slide 57 which can gas-tightly close the material supply tank 51 if required, such as when the process is shut down from the tube chain conveyor 11 or in the event of an accident.
- the conveyor tube 15 can be cleaned with hot water, for example by means of a high-pressure cleaner, or with a steam cleaner with steam.
- the high-pressure cleaner can, for example, be introduced into the conveying pipe 15 in such a way that the discharge openings 23, 23a. 23b. 23c. 23d, 23e and the nozzle units 40, 67, 75 can be cleaned.
- a closable water/dirt drain opening (not shown) is formed in the cover 4 of the rotary tube 2 facing the overflow area 70 .
- the dirty water can also be sucked out through one of the discharge openings 23, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e, 23f.
- the rotatable rotary tube 2 is installed with a minimum inclination of 1° to 3° to the horizontal, which helps drain the dirty water. In this way, the optimal operating condition of the tube chain conveyor 11 can be restored during a short service interval without removing the conveyor tube 15.
- a guide tube with a centering device is pushed in from the side opposite the pull-out, so that one-sided loading of the conveying tube 15 is avoided and the threading of the conveying tube 15 is advantageously facilitated during reinstallation.
- the rotary drum furnace 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 is arranged horizontally, which is essential for the effect according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
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DE1075576B (de) | 1958-05-28 | 1960-02-18 | Süddeutsche Kalkstickstoff-Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Trostberg (Obb.) | Drehrohrofen zur Herstellung von Kalkstickstoff unter Verwendung von Calciumcarbid und Stickstoff |
DE1161030B (de) | 1962-09-20 | 1964-01-09 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Vorrichtung zur Beschickung von Drehrohroefen |
WO2014121369A1 (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-08-14 | Envirollea Inc. | Mobile plant for thermally treating a contaminated or uncontaminated feed stream, processes thereof and uses of products thereof |
DE102014109579A1 (de) | 2014-07-09 | 2016-01-14 | Fuenix Ecogy I Bv | "Drehtrommelofen sowie Einblasvorrichtung hierzu" |
CN104792154B (zh) | 2015-04-03 | 2017-01-25 | 石家庄新华能源环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种间壁式回转窑装置 |
DE202016106652U1 (de) | 2016-11-29 | 2016-12-09 | Michael Schmidt | Drehtrommelofen |
DE102019107390A1 (de) | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Systems zur Parameterschätzung für eine ein technisches System beschreibende Differentialgleichung |
CN110437859A (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-12 | 中国电建集团长春发电设备有限公司 | 一种可连续垃圾裂解旋转处理设备 |
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2021
- 2021-06-08 DE DE102021114727.1A patent/DE102021114727A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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- 2022-06-02 WO PCT/EP2022/065020 patent/WO2022258478A2/de active Application Filing
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