WO2022257724A1 - 成像光学系统及显示装置 - Google Patents

成像光学系统及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022257724A1
WO2022257724A1 PCT/CN2022/093933 CN2022093933W WO2022257724A1 WO 2022257724 A1 WO2022257724 A1 WO 2022257724A1 CN 2022093933 W CN2022093933 W CN 2022093933W WO 2022257724 A1 WO2022257724 A1 WO 2022257724A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flat lens
viewing
reflective
reflective surface
display screen
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/093933
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张亮亮
李军昌
Original Assignee
安徽省东超科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 安徽省东超科技有限公司 filed Critical 安徽省东超科技有限公司
Priority to JP2023575986A priority Critical patent/JP2024521961A/ja
Priority to EP22819322.3A priority patent/EP4354208A4/en
Publication of WO2022257724A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022257724A1/zh
Priority to US18/533,222 priority patent/US20240103293A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
    • G09F19/12—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects
    • G09F19/18—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects involving the use of optical projection means, e.g. projection of images on clouds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
    • G09F19/12—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects
    • G09F19/16—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects involving the use of mirrors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of optical equipment manufacturing, in particular to an imaging optical system and a display device capable of increasing the viewing angle.
  • the flat plate lens is a kind of array optical waveguide that uses two layers of periodic distribution to be orthogonal to each other, so that the light will undergo a total reflection in each of the two array optical waveguides. Since it is a mutually orthogonal rectangular structure, it will make the first total reflection The incident angle at the reflection is the same as the exit angle at the second total reflection. All the light rays within the light divergence angle of the light source will converge to the spatial position of the light source that is symmetrical to the plane of the plate after passing through the plate lens, thereby obtaining a 1:1 floating real image.
  • This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, the present application proposes an imaging optical system, which increases the viewing angle of the flat lens with a simple structure.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a display device with the above-mentioned imaging optical system.
  • the imaging optical system includes: a flat plate lens, the flat plate lens includes two sets of optical waveguide arrays, each set of optical waveguide arrays is composed of sub-waveguides with a single row and multiple rows and a rectangular cross section, the The two groups of optical waveguide arrays include: a first optical waveguide array and a second optical waveguide array, the sub-waveguides of the first optical waveguide array extend along the X direction and form multiple rows along the Y direction, and the second optical waveguide array The sub-waveguides extend along the Y direction and form multiple rows along the X direction, the first optical waveguide array and the second optical waveguide array are arranged along the Z direction, the X direction, the Y direction, the The Z direction is perpendicular to each other, and the flat lens has a central normal, and the central normal passes through the center of the flat lens and is parallel to the Z direction.
  • the opposite sides of the flat lens are the image source side and the viewer side, respectively. Shadow side; reflective assembly, the reflective assembly has at least one pair of reflective surfaces, the two reflective surfaces of the same pair are respectively located on the image source side and the viewing side, and the reflective surfaces are all flat and facing the
  • the center normal is set, the included angle between the reflective surface and the flat plate lens is less than or equal to 90 degrees, wherein, the included angles between the two reflective surfaces of the same pair and the flat plate lens are equal, and the included angles between the two reflected surfaces of the same pair
  • the intersection lines of the reflective surface and the flat lens are parallel to each other.
  • reflective surfaces are respectively provided on the image source side and the viewing side of the flat lens, and the reflective surfaces are arranged in pairs, so that the angle of view can be increased by using the reflective surfaces.
  • the reflective surfaces It can even expand the field of view to 180 degrees. In this way, when the audience watches the floating real image on the viewing side, more audiences can be accommodated due to the increase of the field of view, which enables the imaging optical system to be applied in public areas for display purposes, breaking through the limitation of a single flat lens.
  • using the reflective surface to reflect light can improve the utilization rate of the light at the edge of the light source. With the help of the reflective surface, more light can be directed to the floating real image, which is conducive to enhancing the brightness and clarity of the floating real image and improving the imaging quality.
  • one side of the reflective surface is attached to the flat lens.
  • the reflective assembly has multiple pairs of the reflective surfaces, and the multiple pairs of the reflective surfaces are arranged along a direction around the central normal.
  • each of the reflective surfaces is connected to the The included angles of the flat lenses are equal, and the intersection lines of each of the reflective surfaces and the flat lenses are parallel to each other.
  • the same pair of two reflective surfaces are arranged symmetrically with respect to the flat lens.
  • the reflection assembly includes at least two reflection mirrors, the reflection mirrors are plane mirrors, and the surface of each of the reflection mirrors facing the central normal constitutes the reflection surface.
  • the display device includes: the imaging optical system according to the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application; a display, the display is located on the side of the image source, and the display screen of the display is arranged facing the flat lens.
  • the viewing angle can be increased by using the reflective surfaces.
  • the reflective surfaces can even expand the viewing angle to 180 degrees. In this way, when the audience watches the floating real image on the viewing side, more audiences can be accommodated due to the increase of the viewing angle, which enables the display device to be used in public areas for display purposes, breaking through the limitations of the use of the display device.
  • using the reflective surface to reflect light can improve the utilization rate of light at the edge of the light source, and more light can be directed to the floating real image with the help of the reflective surface, which is conducive to improving the imaging quality.
  • the display screen is a straight screen
  • the angle between the display screen and the flat lens is an acute angle
  • the four sides of the display screen are the near side, the far side and two inclined sides respectively.
  • the near side and the far side are opposite sides of the display screen, the near side is located on the side of the display screen near the flat lens; on the image source side, on the side of the display screen
  • the reflective surfaces are provided on both sides corresponding to the two inclined sides, and/or the reflective surfaces are provided on the side of the display screen corresponding to the far edge.
  • the reflective surface corresponding to the inclined side is a first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface
  • the projection formed by the display screen along the direction parallel to the flat lens is completely located on the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface. inside the reflective surface.
  • the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface is triangular or trapezoidal, and the projection formed by the display screen along a direction parallel to the flat lens is flush with one side of the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface.
  • the reflective surface corresponding to the far edge is a second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface, and the second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface is rectangular.
  • the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface is triangular; the projection formed by the display screen in a direction parallel to the flat lens is flush with one side of the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface; A projection formed by the viewing-enhancing reflecting surface along a direction parallel to the flat lens is flush with the other side of the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an imaging optical system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a general structural diagram of a flat lens according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of K in Fig. 2 in a side view direction.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a flat lens according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-layer orthogonal optical waveguide array along the Z direction according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of imaging of a two-layer orthogonal optical waveguide array according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of imaging in the X direction when a light source image passes through a single-layer optical waveguide array according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of imaging in three-dimensional directions when the light source image shown in FIG. 7 passes through the single-layer optical waveguide array.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path when a light source image passes through two orthogonal optical waveguide arrays according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a first display device in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the principle of expanding the horizontal field of view of the first display device in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a second display device in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the principle of expanding the horizontal field of view of the second display device in Embodiment 2 of the present application;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a third display device in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the principle of expanding the vertical field of view of the third display device in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth display device in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the principle of expanding the vertical field of view of the fourth display device in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of the principle of expanding the vertical field of view of the fourth display device in Embodiment 4 of the present application when ⁇ >90°;
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth display device in Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • Fig. 21 is a side view of a fifth display device in Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Imaging optical system 100. Imaging optical system
  • 5s reflective surface
  • 5s-1 the first viewing-increasing reflecting surface
  • 5s-2 the second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface
  • 5P the second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface
  • the imaging optical system 100 according to the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the drawings.
  • the imaging optical system 100 includes: a flat lens 1 and a reflective assembly 5 .
  • the flat lens 1 is an optical structure in which two layers of periodically distributed optical waveguide arrays 10 are orthogonal to each other, so that light rays are totally reflected once in each of the two layers of optical waveguide arrays 10 . Since the two-layer optical waveguide arrays 10 are rectangular structures orthogonal to each other, the incident angle at the first total reflection is the same as the outgoing angle at the second total reflection. The light rays within the light divergence angle of the light source will converge to the viewing side after passing through the flat plate lens 1, and a floating real image P2 with a size of 1:1 with the image P1 is obtained.
  • the light divergence angle of the floating real image P2 can be regarded as the viewing angle of the floating real image P2 on the viewing side.
  • the light angle of the light source of the image P1 directed at the flat lens 1 is roughly equal to the light divergence angle of the floating real image P2. Therefore, the larger the area of the plate lens 1 is, the larger the viewing angle of the floating real image P2 is.
  • the area of the flat lens 1 cannot be too large, so the imaging of the conventional flat lens 1 will have a small field of view.
  • the horizontal viewing angle of some flat lens 1 is about ⁇ 30 degrees.
  • the formed real image cannot be seen.
  • only a small range of viewers facing the flat lens 1 can see a clear real image, and it is difficult for the audience to see a clear real image if the position is slightly off.
  • the imaging optical system 100 in this application is provided with a reflective component 5 , and the reflective surface 5 s of the reflective component 5 cooperates with the flat lens 1 to form an image.
  • the reflection assembly 5 has at least one pair of reflection surfaces 5s, and the two reflection surfaces 5s of the same pair are respectively located on the image source side and the viewing side.
  • the two reflective surfaces 5s on the image source side and the viewing side that are in the same pair are marked as 5P.
  • the reflective surface 5s is a plane, and the reflective surface 5s is set toward the center normal line L1 of the flat lens 1 , and the included angle ⁇ between the reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1 is less than or equal to 90 degrees.
  • the flat lens 1 has a central normal line L1, which is a reference line introduced in this application to describe the structure of the imaging optical system 100, the central normal line L1 passes through the center of the flat plate lens 1, and the central normal line L1 The line L1 and the thickness direction of the plate lens 1 are parallel to each other.
  • the center of the flat lens 1 refers to the centroid of the flat lens 1 .
  • a reflective surface 5s is provided on the image source side, and the light emitted by the light source of the image P1 to the reflective surface 5s can be reflected to the flat plate lens 1 .
  • the corresponding viewing side is provided with a reflective surface 5s, so that the light emitted from the flat lens 1 can be reflected to the floating real image P2 through the reflective surface 5s.
  • the light rays of the image P1 light source that could not be directed to the flat lens 1 can be directed to the flat lens 1 by means of the reflecting surface 5s, and the angle of the light rays emitted by the image P1 light source to the flat lens 1 is increased, thereby floating
  • the light divergence angle of the empty real image P2 also increases. Therefore, the angle of view of the imaging optical system 100 can be increased compared with the solution without the reflective component 5 provided with the reflective component 5 .
  • the reflective surface 5s is a plane, which can avoid deformation of the floating real image P2.
  • the angle ⁇ between the two reflective surfaces 5s of the same pair and the flat lens 1 is equal, and the intersection lines between the two reflective surfaces 5s of the same pair and the flat lens 1 are parallel to each other, so that the two reflective surfaces 5s of the same pair can reflect light
  • the path is symmetrical with respect to the flat lens 1, so as to further avoid deformation of the floating real image P2.
  • the intersection line between the reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1 is the contact line between the reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1 .
  • the intersection line between the reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1 refers to the intersection line between the reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1 in the extending direction.
  • the included angle ⁇ between the reflective surface 5 s and the flat lens 1 is less than or equal to 90 degrees, which is beneficial to control the size of the imaging optical system 100 within a reasonable range. And it can be understood that, if the included angle ⁇ between the reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1 is greater than 90 degrees, compared with the solution in which the reflective surface 5s is perpendicular to the flat lens 1, the reflective surface 5s is in an open state. The opened reflective surface 5s will reflect part of the light towards the direction away from the flat lens 1, and this part of the light will become invalid light. Therefore, in order to improve the effective utilization of light, the solution of the present application sets the angle ⁇ between the reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1 to be less than or equal to 90 degrees.
  • the reflective surfaces 5s are respectively provided on the image source side and the viewing side of the flat lens 1, and the reflective surfaces 5s are arranged in pairs, so that the viewing angle can be increased by using the reflective surfaces 5s.
  • the reflective surface 5s can even expand the field of view to 180 degrees. In this way, when the audience watches the floating real image P2 on the viewing side, more audiences can be accommodated due to the increase of the viewing angle, which enables the imaging optical system 100 to be applied in public areas for display purposes, breaking through the use of a single flat lens 1 limited.
  • using the reflective surface 5s to reflect light can improve the utilization rate of light at the edge of the light source, and more light can be directed to the floating real image P2 with the help of the reflective surface 5s, which is conducive to enhancing the brightness and clarity of the floating real image P2 and improving the imaging quality .
  • the flat lens 1 includes two groups of optical waveguide arrays 10 .
  • Each set of optical waveguide arrays 10 is composed of single row and multiple rows of sub-waveguides 101 , and the cross-section of each sub-waveguide 101 is rectangular.
  • the cross-section of the sub-waveguide 101 refers to the cross-section of the sub-waveguide 101 in a direction perpendicular to its length direction.
  • two groups of optical waveguide arrays 10 include: a first optical waveguide array 11 and a second optical waveguide array 12, the sub-waveguides 101 of the first optical waveguide array 11 extend along the X direction and form multiple rows along the Y direction , the sub-waveguides 101 of the second optical waveguide array 12 extend along the Y direction and form multiple rows along the X direction, the first optical waveguide array 11 and the second optical waveguide array 12 are arranged along the Z direction, the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction Two by two vertical.
  • the extension direction of the sub-waveguide 101 is the length direction of the sub-waveguide 101
  • the length direction of a single sub-waveguide 101 of the first optical waveguide array 11 is the X direction
  • the plurality of sub-waveguides 101 of the first optical waveguide array 11 are closely spaced along the Y direction.
  • the width direction of a single sub-waveguide 101 is the Y direction
  • the length direction of a single sub-waveguide 101 of the second optical waveguide array 12 is the Y direction
  • the multiple sub-waveguides 101 of the second optical waveguide array 12 are closely spaced along the X direction
  • the width direction of a single sub-waveguide 101 is the X direction.
  • the two groups of optical waveguide arrays 10 are in the shape of flat plates, the arrangement direction of the first optical waveguide arrays 11 to the second optical waveguide arrays 12 is the Z direction, and the Z direction is also the thickness direction of the flat lens 1 . It should be noted that among the first optical waveguide array 11 and the second optical waveguide array 12, the first optical waveguide array 11 may be adjacent to the image source side, or the second optical waveguide array 12 may be adjacent to the image source side, which is not limited here.
  • the length directions of the two layers of sub-waveguides 101 are perpendicular to each other, so it is said that the two layers of optical waveguide array 10 are mutually orthogonal.
  • reflective films are respectively provided on two sides of each sub-waveguide 101 in the width direction for total reflection of light.
  • the sub-waveguides 101 of the first optical waveguide array 11 are respectively provided with reflective films on the two sides in the Y direction. Since the first optical waveguide array 11 includes a plurality of sub-waveguides 101, the first optical waveguide array 11 will A plurality of reflective films are arranged.
  • the sub-waveguides 101 of the second optical waveguide array 12 are respectively provided with reflective films on the two sides in the X direction. Since the second optical waveguide array 12 includes a plurality of sub-waveguides 101, the second optical waveguide array 12 will be arranged along the X direction. Lay multiple reflective films.
  • the flat lens 1 may further include a protective cover 30 for supporting and protecting the optical waveguide array 10 .
  • the protective cover 30 may be provided on only one side of the flat lens 1 , or the protective cover 30 may be arranged on both sides of the flat lens 1 .
  • the protective cover 30 is a transparent cover, and optionally, the protective cover 30 is a glass plate.
  • the flat lens 1 includes a pair of protective covers 30 , which are respectively a first cover 31 and a second cover 32 .
  • the flat lens 1 further includes two sets of optical waveguide arrays 10 located between the two protective covers 30 , which are respectively the first optical waveguide array 11 and the second optical waveguide array 12 .
  • the X direction is the extension direction of the sub-waveguides 101 in the first optical waveguide array 11
  • the Y direction is the extension direction of the sub-waveguides 101 in the second optical waveguide array 12
  • the Z direction is the thickness direction of the flat lens 1 .
  • the protective cover 30 can also be eliminated, and other ways can be used to protect the optical waveguide array 10 .
  • the shape of the outer contour of the formed optical waveguide array 10 is a rectangle, and the angle between the extension direction of each sub-waveguide 101 and at least two sides of the outer contour of the optical waveguide array 10 is ⁇ .
  • the core imaging elements of the slab lens 1 are the first optical waveguide array 11 and the second optical waveguide array 12, the first optical waveguide array 11 and the second optical waveguide array 12 include mutually orthogonal single-row multi-row sub-waveguides 101, the slab The lens 1 is in the form of a flat plate as a whole, as shown in FIG. 6 , which can realize point-to-point aberration-free imaging of the image P1.
  • the specific imaging principle is as follows: Here, the two optical waveguide arrays 10 are split. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the first optical waveguide array 11 is taken as an example.
  • the single-layer optical waveguide array 10 after passing through the single-side optical waveguide array 10, the single-point light rays on the image source side are divided by the sub-waveguides 101 of each row for mirror modulation, and then converge on a straight line P1' parallel to the X direction. Form a point-to-line one-dimensional imaging effect. As shown in Fig.
  • the incident angle of a single point light on the image source side through a certain sub-waveguide 101 is ⁇ , and its exit angle after being reflected by the sub-waveguide 101 is ⁇ ', and the incident angle ⁇ is equal to the exit angle ⁇ '.
  • the imaging distance m2 of the floating real image P2 is the same as the distance m1 from the original image, which is an equidistant imaging, and the position of the floating real image P2 is in the air, and the real image can be directly presented in the air without a carrier such as a projection screen.
  • the flat lens 1 can make the two-dimensional or three-dimensional light source directly form a real image in the air, and realize a real holographic image. While realizing large field of view, large aperture, high resolution, no distortion, and no dispersion, it also realizes naked-eye three-dimensional display characteristics.
  • the flat lens 1 is rectangular, but in other solutions of the present application, the shape of the flat lens 1 can also be adjusted according to needs, for example, it can be circular, trapezoidal, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the two reflective surfaces 5s of the same pair are in a symmetrical relationship with respect to the flat lens 1, so the two reflective surfaces 5s of the same pair have the same shape and the same area, so that the reflective surfaces 5s can be fully utilized area to reduce light loss.
  • the two reflecting surfaces 5 s of the same pair respectively form intersection lines with the flat lens 1 , and the two intersection lines are not only parallel, but also the plane formed by the two intersection lines is perpendicular to the flat lens 1 .
  • the two intersection lines are not only parallel, but also the plane formed by the two intersection lines is perpendicular to the flat lens 1 .
  • one side of the reflective surface 5s is attached to the flat lens 1 . It can be understood that when there is a gap between the reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1, when viewed from a certain enlarged viewing angle range, the part of the floating real image P2 corresponding to the line connecting the human eye and the gap will be missing, that is The floating real image P2 cannot be seen in this viewing angle range. And when one side of the reflective surface 5s is attached to the flat lens 1, the above-mentioned gap is filled, which can effectively expand the viewing angle range.
  • each reflective surface 5s is attached to the flat lens 1 .
  • the gaps at all the reflective surfaces 5s are filled, which can further effectively expand the viewing angle range.
  • the multiple pairs of reflective surfaces 5s are arranged along the direction around the central normal L1, that is to say, on the image source side, a plurality of reflective surfaces 5s surround the central normal L1.
  • the plurality of reflective surfaces 5s on the shadow side also surround the central normal line L1.
  • FIGS. 10-13 there are two pairs of reflective surfaces 5 s located on opposite sides of the central normal line L1 .
  • the included angle ⁇ between each reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1 is equal, and the intersection lines between each reflective surface 5s and the flat lens 1 are parallel to each other. This helps to widen the viewing angle of the imaging optical system 100 in the direction of the two pairs of reflecting surfaces 5s, and the two pairs of reflecting surfaces 5s can complement each other, and the light rays are continuously reflected between the two pairs of reflecting surfaces 5s, so that the imaging optical system 100 The field of view in this direction can be expanded to almost 180 degrees.
  • Such an imaging optical system 100 when two pairs of reflective surfaces 5s are placed on the horizontal sides of the flat lens 1, can expand the horizontal field of view of the imaging optical system 100, and can accommodate more viewers watching at the same time when used in a public area.
  • the imaging optical system 100 includes a pair of reflective surfaces 5 s, and the reflective surfaces 5 s are located on one side of the flat lens 1 . In this way, the viewing angle of the viewer on the other side of the flat lens 1 can be enlarged by using the reflection of the reflecting surface 5s.
  • the imaging optical system 100 includes three pairs of reflective surfaces 5 s, and the three pairs of reflective surfaces 5 s are located on three sides of the flat lens 1 .
  • the imaging optical system 100 includes four pairs of reflective surfaces 5 s located on four sides of the flat lens 1 . Even when the plate lens 1 is polygonal (at least five sides), the imaging optical system 100 may include more pairs of reflective surfaces 5s.
  • the reflection assembly 5 includes a reflection mirror 50 , and the surface of the reflection mirror 50 is provided with a reflection surface 5s.
  • the shape of reflector 50 can be set as required, reflector 50 is plane mirror 51 in the scheme that has, as shown in Figure 11, reflector 50 is other shapes in the scheme that has, for example reflector 50 is prism 52 in Figure 22, Two of the facets of the reflection mirror 50 constitute the reflection surface 5s.
  • the reflecting assembly 5 includes at least two reflecting mirrors 50, each reflecting mirror 50 is a plane mirror 51, and the surface of each reflecting mirror 50 facing the central normal line L1 constitutes a reflecting surface 5s.
  • the plane mirror 51 to construct the reflection surface 5s not only has a simple structure, but also the shape of the plane mirror 51 is basically consistent with the shape of the reflection surface 5s, and the thickness of the plane mirror 51 can be thinner, which is beneficial to reduce weight.
  • the most direct effect is to expand the field of view angle of the floating real image P2 in at least one direction by setting the pair of reflective surfaces 5s. In some solutions, it can even Expand to 180°.
  • the setting of the reflective surface 5s can make full use of the light, and the light that could not hit the flat plate lens 1 is irradiated onto the flat plate lens 1 after reflection, so that it can be converged and imaged by the flat plate lens 1, so as to improve the utilization rate of light and increase the The brightness of the floating real image P2.
  • the reflective surface 5s In the scheme of using the reflective surface 5s in this application, it is very simple to set the reflective surface 5s. Moreover, by optimizing the size and shape of the reflecting surface 5s and the included angle ⁇ with the flat lens 1, the volume of the imaging optical system 100 can be sufficiently reduced. The setting cost of the reflective surface 5s is relatively low, and it can be produced on a large scale.
  • the display device 1000 includes: the imaging optical system 100 and the display 200 (as shown in FIG. 22 ) according to the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application, and the imaging optical system 100 can adopt the above-mentioned embodiment The structure of the imaging optical system 100 described above will not be repeated here.
  • the display 200 is located at the image source side, and the display screen 210 of the display 200 is set facing the flat lens 1 . In this way, when the image is formed on the display screen 210 , the light emitted by the display screen 210 passes through the flat lens 1 , and a floating real image P2 with a size of 1:1 with the image P1 can be presented on the viewing side.
  • the present application shows the structural schematic diagrams and schematic schematic diagrams of the display device 1000 in multiple embodiments.
  • the schematic diagrams of some embodiments since the light overlaps with the image P1 and the floating real image P2 of the display screen 210, only part of the image P1 and the corresponding part of the floating real image P2 are intercepted in the schematic diagram, as shown in Figure 11 and Figure 11. 13.
  • the viewing angle can be increased by using the reflecting surfaces 5s, and in some solutions, the reflecting surfaces 5s can even expand the viewing angle to 180 degrees.
  • the audience watches the floating real image P2 on the viewing side more audiences can be accommodated due to the increase of the viewing angle, which enables the display device 1000 to be applied in public areas for display purposes, breaking through the limitations of the display device 1000 .
  • using the reflective surface 5s to reflect light can improve the utilization rate of light at the edge of the light source, and more light can be directed to the floating real image P2 with the help of the reflective surface 5s, which is conducive to improving the imaging quality.
  • the display screen 210 is a straight screen, and the angle ⁇ between the display screen 210 and the flat lens 1 is an acute angle. It can be understood that when light enters along the thickness direction of the flat lens 1 , the light tends to pass straight through the flat lens 1 , and the total reflected light quantity is greatly reduced. Forming an angle ⁇ between the display screen 210 and the flat lens 1 facilitates most of the light emitted by the display screen 210 to hit the flat lens 1. The formed reflection part) is at a certain angle, so that most of the light can be directed to the viewing side through total reflection, thereby improving the utilization rate of light.
  • the four sides of the display screen 210 are respectively a near side 211, a far side 212 and two inclined sides 213, the near side 211 and the far side 212 are opposite sides of the display screen 210, and the near side 211 is located at the display screen 210 near the flat lens 1 side.
  • one side, two sides or three sides of the display screen 210 may be provided with a reflective surface 5s.
  • the two inclined sides 213 of the display screen 210 can be provided with reflective surfaces 5s respectively, or a reflective surface 5s can be provided on the side corresponding to the far side 212 of the display screen 210, or a reflective surface 5s can be provided on the corresponding two sides of the display screen 210.
  • Reflecting surfaces 5s are provided on both sides of the first inclined side 213 and on the side corresponding to the far side 212 . In this way, the viewing angle of the display screen 210 in one direction or in two directions can be increased by using the reflective surface 5s.
  • the reflective surface 5 s can be arranged in various forms, and the reflective surface 5 s in the display device 1000 can also be arranged in various forms.
  • the reflective surface 5s corresponding to the inclined side 213 is the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-1.
  • the display device 1000 has the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s- 1, there are generally two first viewing-enhancing reflecting surfaces 5s-1, and the two first viewing-enhancing reflecting surfaces 5s-1 are respectively provided corresponding to the inclined sides 213 of the flat lens 1.
  • the two first viewing-enhancing reflecting surfaces 5s-1 and the plate lens 1 may not interfere with each other, and cooperate with each other to increase the viewing angle in the direction where the two first viewing-enhancing reflecting surfaces 5s-1 are located.
  • the projection formed by the display screen 210 along the direction parallel to the flat lens 1 is completely located within the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-1.
  • the mathematical term "projection” is introduced herein for the purpose of more clearly describing the shape of the reflective surface 5s.
  • the projection formed by the display screen 210 along the direction parallel to the flat lens 1 means that when the projection line parallel to the flat lens 1 is projected to the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-1 through the display screen 210, Graphics obtained on the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-1.
  • the projections mentioned below also use this definition to obtain corresponding graphics.
  • the projection formed by the display screen 210 along the direction parallel to the flat lens 1 is completely located in the first viewing-increasing reflective surface 5s-1.
  • Most of the light within the 180-degree range of the direction of the surface 5s-1 can be directed to the flat lens 1 and the two first viewing-increasing reflective surfaces 5s-1, so that the light of the floating real image P2 on the viewing side can be 180 degrees
  • the angle range diverges, so that the viewing angle in the direction where the two first viewing-enhancing reflecting surfaces 5s-1 are located is approximately 180 degrees.
  • the waste of light can be reduced, and the brightness of the floating real image P2 can be improved.
  • the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-1 is triangular or trapezoidal, and the projection formed by the display screen 210 along the direction parallel to the flat lens 1 is flush with one side of the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-1.
  • the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-1 is trapezoidal, a right-angled trapezoidal shape can be selected.
  • the divergence angle of the light source of the display screen 210 is difficult to exceed 180 degrees, so the part of the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-1 beyond the display screen 210 basically has no light incident on it.
  • the divergence angle of the display screen 210 exceeds 180 degrees, when the light exceeding 180 degrees is reflected by the reflective surface 5s, part of it will be reflected in a direction away from the flat lens 1, and part will be blocked by the back of the display screen 210. This part of the light is actually Ineffective, the portion of the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-1 beyond the display screen 210 is still wasted.
  • the projection of the display screen 210 along the direction parallel to the flat lens 1 is flush with one side of the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-1, which can reduce the useless area of the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-1.
  • the reflective surface 5s corresponding to the far edge 212 is the second viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-2.
  • the display device 1000 has the second viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s - 2 , there is generally one second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s - 2 , and it is arranged corresponding to the far edge 212 of the flat lens 1 . Since the distance between the near side 211 of the display screen 210 and the flat lens 1 is relatively short, the space for setting the reflective surface 5s is limited, so the second viewing-increasing reflective surface 5s-2 is only suitable for setting corresponding to the far side 212 of the display screen 210.
  • the second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-2 is rectangular. Since the second viewing-increasing reflective surface 5s-2 is basically opposite to the display screen 210, when there is no other object to block and the divergence angle of the light source of the display screen 210 is close to 180 degrees, the entire area of the second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-2 Can effectively reflect light. At this time, setting the second viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-2 in a rectangular shape can reduce light leakage, and the rectangular second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-2 is not only easy to process, but also very convenient to install and fix.
  • the two inclined sides 213 of the display screen 210 are respectively provided with a first viewing-increasing reflective surface 5s-1, and the far side 212 of the display screen 210 is correspondingly provided with The second viewing-increasing reflective surface 5s-2.
  • the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-1 is triangular in shape, and the projection formed by the display screen 210 along the direction parallel to the flat lens 1 is flush with one side of the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-1.
  • the projection formed by the second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-2 along the direction parallel to the flat lens 1 is flush with the other side of the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-1.
  • two first viewing-enhancing reflecting surfaces 5s-1 and a second viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-2 can surround the three sides of the inclined display screen 210, thereby reflecting light to the flat lens 1 as much as possible, not only increasing two The field of view in two directions can maximize the utilization of light and improve the brightness of the floating real image P2.
  • the display device 1000 is a first display device 1000A.
  • the first display device 1000A includes: a display 200 , four mirrors 50 and a flat lens 1 .
  • the display 200 is a flat-panel display with a light source divergence angle close to 180 degrees.
  • the angle ⁇ between the display screen 210 of the display 200 and the flat-panel lens 1 is selected as 45°.
  • the four reflecting mirrors 50 are divided into two pairs, and the two reflecting mirrors 50 of the same pair are respectively located on the image source side and the viewing side.
  • the surface of each reflector 50 facing the center normal L1 of the plate lens 1 forms its reflective surface 5s.
  • the four reflective surfaces 5s are all first viewing-increasing reflecting surfaces 5s-1, and the two first viewing-enhancing reflecting surfaces 5s-1 are located on the left and right sides of the flat lens 1 on the image source side, and on the viewing side The two first viewing-enhancing reflecting surfaces 5s - 1 are located on the left and right sides of the flat lens 1 .
  • the two mirrors 50 in the same pair are equal in size and symmetrical to each other with respect to the flat lens 1 .
  • the two mirrors 50 on the image source side are symmetrical about the central normal line L1
  • the two mirrors 50 on the viewing side are symmetrical about the central normal line L1, so as to avoid splicing and dislocation of images.
  • the flat plate lens 1 is placed horizontally, the two groups of reflectors 50 are all placed vertically.
  • the shape of the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-1 can be a right-angled trapezoid or a triangle, and the first viewing-enhancing reflecting surface 5s-1 in the first display device 1000A adopts a triangular shape, which can minimize the cost of consumables and the entire device. volume.
  • the first sides thereof are in close contact with the flat lens 1 .
  • the second limit of the reflector 50 on the image source side coincides with the object plane (i.e. the plane where the image P1 or the display screen 210 is located), and the second limit of the reflector 50 on the viewing side coincides with the image plane (i.e. where the floating real image P2 is located). plane) overlap.
  • the height of the reflector 50 on the image source side is equal to the height of the display screen 210
  • the height of the reflector 50 on the viewing side is equal to the height of the floating real image P2 .
  • the third side of the reflection mirror 50 on the image source side is formed by the connection line from the edge of the flat lens 1 to the position equal to the display screen 210, and the third side of the reflection mirror 50 on the viewing side is from the edge of the flat lens 1 to the line connecting the display screen 210.
  • the empty real image is composed of lines connecting the positions of the same height as P2.
  • Embodiment 1 the principle of expanding the field of view is shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the first viewing-increasing reflective surface 5s-1 located on the left and right sides of the flat lens 1 reflects and reuses the light at the edge viewing angle that could not enter the flat lens 1 before, so that it enters the flat lens 1 . After exiting, it is reflected by the first viewing-increasing reflective surface 5s-1 located on the left and right sides of the flat lens 1 on the viewing side, and finally appears on the image plane.
  • the increase of the horizontal viewing angle is affected by the divergence angle of the light source of the display 200 , but is not affected by parameters such as the flat lens 1 , the size of the display 200 , and the distance between the display 200 and the flat lens 1 .
  • the horizontal viewing angle of the floating real image P2 is equal to the horizontal viewing angle of the display 200 .
  • the horizontal viewing angle of the floating real image P2 is also about 180 degrees.
  • FIG. 12-13 show a schematic structural diagram of a display device 1000 in Embodiment 2 and a schematic diagram of the principle of expanding the horizontal viewing angle.
  • the display device 1000 is a second display device 1000B.
  • the second display device 1000B includes: a display 200 , four mirrors 50 and a flat lens 1 . As shown in FIG. 12 , the structural layout of the second display device 1000B in Embodiment 2 is basically the same as the structural layout of the first display device 1000A in Embodiment 1, and the same parts will not be repeated here.
  • ⁇ is the angle between the first viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-1 and the flat lens 1 .
  • the included angle ⁇ between the first viewing-increasing reflective surface 5s-1 and the flat lens 1 is an acute angle, that is, greater than 0° and less than 90°.
  • ⁇ is the viewing angle without mirror 50
  • ⁇ is the increased viewing angle range on the left side, and the same is true for the increased viewing angle range on the right side.
  • the actual increased viewing angle is approximately equal to 180°- ⁇ .
  • the increase of the horizontal viewing angle is affected by the divergence angle of the light source of the display 200 .
  • the horizontal viewing angle of the floating real image P2 is equal to the horizontal viewing angle of the display 200 .
  • the horizontal viewing angle of the floating real image P2 is also about 180 degrees.
  • both the first display device 1000A and the second display device 1000B can increase the horizontal viewing angle to 180 degrees, have basically the same effect on increasing the field of view, and neither will cause the floating real image P2 produce distortion.
  • Both display devices 1000 will limit the size of the display 200.
  • the reflector 50 is tilted inward, which will limit the size of the display 200 even more.
  • the size of the display 200 should not exceed the size of the left and right reflectors 50. apex distance.
  • Embodiment 2 all the reflectors 50 must be tilted, and the inclination angles of the reflectors 50 are prone to error, and the inclination angles of the two reflectors 50 in the same pair are likely to be misaligned.
  • the ⁇ angle is easy to control, so in comparison, the solution of Embodiment 1 is easier to implement and easier to ensure the imaging quality.
  • FIG. 14-15 show a schematic structural diagram of a display device 1000 in Embodiment 3 and a schematic diagram of a principle of expanding a vertical viewing angle.
  • the display device 1000 is a third display device 1000C.
  • the third display device 1000C includes: a display 200 , two mirrors 50 and a flat lens 1 .
  • the display 200 is a flat-panel display with a light source divergence angle close to 180 degrees.
  • the angle ⁇ between the display screen 210 of the display 200 and the flat-panel lens 1 is selected as 45°.
  • the two reflecting mirrors 50 are arranged on the rear side of the flat lens 1 , and are respectively located on the image source side and the viewing side.
  • Reflecting mirror 50 is rectangular in shape, one side of which is close to flat plate lens 1, and two reflecting mirrors 50 are placed vertically, and are symmetrical about flat plate lens 1, and the front surfaces of two reflecting mirrors 50 constitute the second viewing-increasing reflecting surface 5s-2, and the two reflecting mirrors
  • the height of the mirror 50 is the same as that of the display 200 and the floating real image P2.
  • ⁇ is the included angle between the reflector 50 and the flat lens 1, which is 90 degrees
  • ⁇ is the viewing angle without adding the reflector 50
  • ⁇ is the field angle range actually increased by the third display device 1000C
  • the direct viewing angle is jointly determined by the height of the mirror 50 and the size of the flat lens 1 . Since the angle ⁇ between the display 200 and the flat lens 1 is preferably placed at 45°, the sum of ⁇ and ⁇ is always less than 135°. Only when the size of the flat lens 1 is infinitely large, the sum of ⁇ and ⁇ is infinitely close to 135°.
  • FIG. 16-19 show a schematic structural diagram of a display device 1000 in Embodiment 4 and a schematic diagram of a principle of expanding a vertical viewing angle.
  • the display device 1000 is a fourth display device 1000D.
  • the fourth display device 1000D includes: a display 200 , two mirrors 50 and a flat lens 1 .
  • the included angle between reflector 50 and plate lens 1 is ⁇ , and one side of it is close to plate lens 1, and the height of reflector 50 will be slightly higher than the height of display 200 and floating real image P2, and it expands the angle of view on the vertical direction
  • the principle is shown in Figure 17.
  • the structure and layout of the fourth display device 1000D in Embodiment 4 is basically the same as that of the third display device 1000C in Embodiment 3, except that in Embodiment 4, the included angle between the reflector 50 and the flat lens 1 is ⁇ less than 90 degrees, is an acute angle.
  • the light at the edge viewing angle of the display 200 is reflected by the second viewing-increasing reflective surface 5s-2 on the image source side, and then re-enters the flat lens 1, and then the outgoing light passes through the second viewing-enhancing reflective surface 5s-2 on the viewing side.
  • the reflective surface 5s-2 reflects, thereby increasing the field of view.
  • ⁇ is the viewing angle without the mirror 50
  • ⁇ is the field angle range actually increased by the fourth display device 1000D
  • ⁇ is the angle between the mirror 50 and the display 200 or the floating real image P2.
  • Figures 17-19 show that when other parameters remain unchanged and the angle between the mirror 50 and the flat lens 1 decreases gradually, the angle between the mirror 50 and the floating real image P2 increases gradually, and the angle of view at this time Increasing range ⁇ produces some change.
  • FIGS. 20-21 show a schematic structural diagram of a display device 1000 in Embodiment 5 and a schematic diagram of the principle of expanding the vertical viewing angle.
  • the display device 1000 is a fifth display device 1000E.
  • the fifth display device 1000E includes: a display 200 , four mirrors 50 for increasing the horizontal viewing angle, two mirrors 50 for increasing the vertical viewing angle, and a flat lens 1 .
  • the scheme of embodiment 5 is equivalent to combining the scheme of embodiment 1 and the scheme of embodiment 4.
  • the display 200 is a flat-panel display with a divergence angle of the light source close to 180°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the display 200 and the flat-panel lens 1 is selected to be placed at 45°.
  • the near side 211 of the display screen 210 is close to the front side of the flat lens 1
  • three reflectors 20 are located on the viewing side. side, and are respectively located on the left side, right side and rear side of the flat lens 1.
  • the reflectors 50 on the left and right sides are equal in size and symmetrical to each other with respect to the flat lens 1 , and the two reflectors 50 on the same side are symmetrical with respect to the central normal line L1 of the flat lens 1 .
  • the reflecting mirrors 50 on the left and right sides are placed vertically, and the mirror surface is triangular in shape, which can minimize the volume of consumables and the whole device.
  • the reflecting mirror 50 on the left and right sides its first side closely fits with the flat lens 1, and the second side coincides with the object plane or image plane, the height of the reflecting mirror 50 is equal to the height of the display screen 210 and the floating real image P2,
  • the third side is composed of the line connecting the edge of the flat lens 1 to the same height as the display screen 210 and the floating real image P2.
  • the heights of the display screen 210 and the floating real image P2 are basically the same, and a side view of this structure is shown in FIG. 21 .
  • the fifth display device 1000E can fully reduce the volume of the device by optimizing the size of the reflector 50 and the angle ⁇ between the mirror 50 and the flat lens 1, and can observe floating objects within a field angle range of 180 degrees in the horizontal and vertical directions. Empty real image P2.
  • the method of increasing the field of view in the horizontal direction of the display device 1000 is as follows: add a reflector 50 on the left and right sides of the display 200 and the floating real image P2, and the same pair of reflectors 50 are connected to the flat lens. 1 are symmetrical to each other, and the reflector 50 on the same side is symmetrical with respect to the central normal line L1 of the flat lens 1 .
  • the reflector 50 can be placed obliquely inward, or placed vertically, preferably vertically, so that the flat lens 1 can be utilized to the greatest extent and a display 200 with a larger size can be used.
  • the shape of the reflector 50 can be a right-angled trapezoid or a triangle, preferably a triangle, which can minimize the volume of consumables and the entire device. Every pair of two triangular reflectors 50, the first side is closely attached to the flat lens 1, and the second side coincides with the object plane or image plane (depending on whether the reflector 50 is on the image source side or the viewing side), the reflector The height of 50 is equal to the height of the display 200 and the floating real image P2, and the third side is composed of a line connecting the edge of the flat panel lens 1 to the same height as the display 200 and the floating real image P2.
  • the display device 1000 increases the viewing angle in the vertical direction by adding reflectors 50 on the upper and lower sides of the flat lens 1 away from the observer. It can be placed vertically, or inclined to the inside, preferably inclined to the inside, so that the field of view is larger and the volume of the device is smaller.
  • the horizontal viewing angle of the floating real image P2 is only related to the horizontal viewing angle of the display 200, and has nothing to do with the flat lens 1, the size of the display 200, and the distance between the display 200 and the flat lens 1 .
  • the vertical viewing angle of the floating real image P2 is related to the angle between the mirror 50 and the flat lens 1 , the height of the mirror 50 and the size of the flat lens 1 .

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Abstract

提供了一种可增大视场角的成像光学系统及显示装置。成像光学系统(100)包括平板透镜(1)和反射组件(5)。平板透镜(1)包括两组光波导阵列(10)。反射组件(5)具有至少一对反射面(5s)，同对两反射面(5s)分别位于平板透镜(1)像源侧和观影侧，反射面(5s)与平板透镜(1)的夹角小于等于90度，同对两反射面(5s)与平板透镜(1)的夹角相等，同对两反射面(5s)与平板透镜(1)的交线平行。

Description

成像光学系统及显示装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为2021106440414(申请日为2021-06-09)的中国专利申请提出，并要求上述中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及光学设备制造领域，具体涉及一种可增大视场角的成像光学系统及显示装置。
背景技术
平板透镜是一种利用两层周期性分布的阵列光波导相互正交，使光线在两层阵列光波导中各发生一次全反射，由于是相互正交的矩形结构，所以会使第一次全反射时的入射角和第二次全反射时的出射角相同。在光源光线发散角内的所有光线在经过平板透镜后会相应的收敛到光源的与平板切面相对称的空间位置，从而得到一个1：1的浮空实像。但是现有的这种成像结构存在一些弊端，如观影侧可视角较小，观众偏离平板透镜的中心轴一定角度，就无法看到所成实像。这种特性的平板透镜无法适用于展示用途的公共区域，所以开发一种增大平板透镜可视角的方法显得尤为重要。
现有技术中常规的一些增大可视角的方法，有的可能会导致实像变形，有的因结构复杂、成本过高导致难以在公共区域推广，还有的结构让可视角增大幅度有限形同鸡肋。如何利用简单的结构，使平板透镜实现较大幅度的视角增加，是本领域研究的方向之一。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种成像光学系统，以简单结构增大平板透镜的可视角。
本申请另一目的在于提出一种具有上述成像光学系统的显示装置。
根据本申请实施例的成像光学系统，包括：平板透镜，所述平板透镜包括两组光波导阵列，每组所述光波导阵列均由单列多排且横截面为矩形的子波导组成，所述两组光波导阵列包括：第一光波导阵列和第二光波导阵列，所述第一光波导阵列的所述子波导沿X方向延伸且沿Y方向形成多排，所述第二光波导阵列的所述子波导沿Y方向延伸 且沿X方向形成多排，所述第一光波导阵列和所述第二光波导阵列沿Z方向排布，所述X方向、所述Y方向、所述Z方向两两垂直，所述平板透镜具有中心法线，所述中心法线过所述平板透镜的中心且与所述Z方向平行，所述平板透镜的相对两侧分别为像源侧和观影侧；反射组件，所述反射组件具有至少一对反射面，同对的两个所述反射面分别位于所述像源侧和所述观影侧，所述反射面均为平面且朝向所述中心法线设置，所述反射面与所述平板透镜的夹角小于等于90度，其中，同对的两个所述反射面与所述平板透镜的夹角相等，同对的两个所述反射面与所述平板透镜的交线相互平行。
根据本申请实施例的成像光学系统，通过在平板透镜的像源侧和观影侧分别设置反射面，且反射面成对设置，从而可利用反射面增加视场角，有的方案里反射面甚至能将视场角扩大至180度。这样观众在观影侧观看浮空实像时，由于视场角的增大可以容纳更多观众观看，这使成像光学系统可以应用在展示用途的公共区域，突破了单一平板透镜的使用局限。另外，利用反射面反射光线，可以提高光源边缘光线的利用率，借助反射面使更多光线射向浮空实像，有利于增强浮空实像的亮度和清晰度，提高成像品质。
在一些实施例中，所述反射面的一边贴合在所述平板透镜上。
在一些实施例中，所述反射组件具有多对所述反射面，多对所述反射面沿环绕所述中心法线的方向排布。
具体地，多对所述反射面中包括两对位于所述中心法线的相对两侧；位于所述中心法线相对两侧的两对所述反射面中，每个所述反射面与所述平板透镜的夹角相等，每个所述反射面与所述平板透镜的交线相互平行。
在一些实施例中，同对的两个所述反射面相对所述平板透镜对称设置。
在一些实施例中，所述反射组件包括至少两个反射镜，所述反射镜为平面镜，每个所述反射镜的朝向所述中心法线的表面构成所述反射面。
根据本申请实施例的显示装置，包括：根据本申请上述实施例所述的成像光学系统；显示器，所述显示器位于所述像源侧，所述显示器的显示屏朝向所述平板透镜设置。
根据本申请实施例的显示装置，通过在平板透镜的两侧成对设置反射面，从而可利用反射面增加视场角，有的方案里反射面甚至能将视场角扩大至180度。这样观众在观影侧观看浮空实像时，由于视场角的增大可以容纳更多观众观看，这使显示装置可以应用在展示用途的公共区域，突破了显示装置的使用局限。另外，利用反射面反射光线，可以提高光源边缘光线的利用率，借助反射面使更多光线射向浮空实像，这样有利于提高成像品质。
在一些具体实施例中，所述显示屏为直板屏，所述显示屏与所述平板透镜之间的夹角为锐角，所述显示屏的四边分别为近边、远边和两个倾斜边，所述近边和所述远边为 所述显示屏的相对两边，所述近边位于所述显示屏临近所述平板透镜的侧边；于所述像源侧，在所述显示屏的对应所述两个倾斜边的两侧分别设有所述反射面，和/或在所述显示屏的对应所述远边的一侧设有所述反射面。
在一些可选实施例中，对应所述倾斜边的所述反射面为第一增视反射面，所述显示屏沿平行于所述平板透镜的方向形成的投影完全位于所述第一增视反射面内。
具体地，所述第一增视反射面为三角形或者梯形，所述显示屏沿平行于所述平板透镜的方向形成的投影，与所述第一增视反射面的一边平齐。
进一步地，对应所述远边的所述反射面为第二增视反射面，所述第二增视反射面为矩形。
可选地，所述第一增视反射面为三角形；所述显示屏沿平行于所述平板透镜的方向形成的投影，与所述第一增视反射面的一边平齐；所述第二增视反射面沿平行于所述平板透镜的方向形成的投影，与所述第一增视反射面的另一边平齐。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本申请一实施例的成像光学系统的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一实施例的平板透镜的结构总图。
图3是图2中K处在侧视方向的局部放大图。
图4是本申请一实施例的平板透镜的分解图。
图5是本申请一实施例的两层正交的光波导阵列沿Z方向的结构示意图。
图6是本申请一实施例的两层正交的光波导阵列的成像示意图。
图7是本申请一实施例的光源影像经单层光波导阵列时在X方向的成像示意图。
图8是图7所示的光源影像经单层光波导阵列时在立体方向的成像示意图。
图9是本申请一实施例的光源影像经两层正交的光波导阵列时成像光路原理图。
图10是本申请实施例1中第一显示装置的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例1中第一显示装置的扩大水平视场原理示意图；
图12是本申请实施例2中第二显示装置的结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例2中第二显示装置的扩大水平视场原理示意图；
图14是本申请实施例3中第三显示装置的结构示意图；
图15是本申请实施例3中第三显示装置的扩大竖直视场原理示意图；
图16是本申请实施例4中第四显示装置的结构示意图；
图17是本申请实施例4中第四显示装置的扩大竖直视场原理示意图；
图18是本申请实施例4中第四显示装置在γ＝90°时的扩大竖直视场原理示意图；
图19是本申请实施例4中第四显示装置在γ＞90°时的扩大竖直视场原理示意图；
图20是本申请实施例5中第五显示装置的结构示意图；
图21是本申请实施例5中第五显示装置的侧视图；
图22是本申请另一实施例显示装置的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1000、显示装置；
1000A、第一显示装置；1000B、第二显示装置；1000C、第三显示装置；1000D、第四显示装置；1000E、第五显示装置；
100、成像光学系统；
1、平板透镜；
10、光波导阵列；11、第一光波导阵列；12、第二光波导阵列；
101、子波导；
30、保护盖板；31、第一盖板；32、第二盖板；
L1、中心法线；
5、反射组件；
50、反射镜；51、平面镜；52、棱镜；
5s、反射面；5s-1、第一增视反射面；5s-2、第二增视反射面；5P、；
200、显示器；
210、显示屏；211、近边；212、远边；213、倾斜边；
P1、影像；P2、浮空实像。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的成像光学系统100。
根据本申请实施例的成像光学系统100，如图1所示，包括：平板透镜1和反射组 件5。
平板透镜1的相对两侧分别为像源侧和观影侧，即影像P1的光源位于像源侧，影像P1通过该平板透镜1，可以在观影侧形成浮空实像P2，浮空实像P2为悬浮在空中的实像。这里如图2-图4所示，平板透镜1是一种利用两层周期性分布的光波导阵列10相互正交，使光线在两层光波导阵列10中各发生一次全反射的光学结构。由于两层光波导阵列10是相互正交的矩形结构，所以会使第一次全反射时的入射角和第二次全反射时的出射角相同。光源光线发散角内的光线在经过平板透镜1后，会相应的收敛到观影侧，得到一个与影像P1大小呈1：1的浮空实像P2。
可以理解的是，浮空实像P2的光线发散角可以看成是在观影侧对浮空实像P2的视场角。结合影像P1与浮空实像P2相对平板透镜1对称的特点，影像P1光源射向平板透镜1的光线角度，大体等于浮空实像P2的光线发散角。因此，平板透镜1的面积越大，对浮空实像P2的视场角就越大。
在实际应用中平板透镜1的面积不可能过大，因此常规的平板透镜1的成像就会呈现视场角较小的特点。例如有的平板透镜1的水平视场角约为±30度，当人眼位置偏离视场角范围时，无法看到所成的实像。尤其在公共区域，仅正对平板透镜1的小范围观众能看到清晰的实像，位置略偏观众就很难看到清晰实像。
为解决这一问题，本申请中成像光学系统100设置了反射组件5，利用反射组件5的反射面5s配合平板透镜1成像。
参照图1，反射组件5具有至少一对反射面5s，同对的两个反射面5s分别位于像源侧和观影侧。本申请的附图中将位于像源侧和观影侧且同对的两个反射面5s，标注为5P。
其中，反射面5s为平面，且反射面5s朝向平板透镜1的中心法线L1设置，反射面5s与平板透镜1的夹角α小于等于90度。需要说明的是，平板透镜1具有中心法线L1，中心法线L1是本申请中为描述成像光学系统100的结构而引入的参考线，中心法线L1过平板透镜1的中心，且中心法线L1与平板透镜1的厚度方向相互平行。其中，平板透镜1的中心指的是平板透镜1的形心。
在像源侧设置反射面5s，影像P1光源射向该反射面5s的光线可以反射至平板透镜1。而对应的观影侧设置反射面5s，使从平板透镜1射出的光线可以通过该反射面5s反射至浮空实像P2。这样同对反射面5s的设置，使影像P1光源原来不能射向平板透镜1的光线，可以借助反射面5s射向平板透镜1，影像P1光源射向平板透镜1的光线角度得到增加，从而浮空实像P2的光线发散角也增加。因此设置了反射组件5相比于未设置反射组件5的方案而言，成像光学系统100的视场角可以增加。
这里，反射面5s为平面，可避免浮空实像P2变形。同对的两个反射面5s与平板透镜1的夹角α相等，同对的两个反射面5s与平板透镜1的交线相互平行，这样可使同对的两个反射面5s对光线反射路径相对平板透镜1是对称的，从而进一步避免浮空实像P2变形。需要说明的是，当反射面5s与平板透镜1接触时，反射面5s与平板透镜1的交线即为反射面5s与平板透镜1的接触线。当反射面5s与平板透镜1不接触时，反射面5s与平板透镜1的交线指的是，反射面5s在延伸方向上与平板透镜1的相交线。
反射面5s与平板透镜1的夹角α小于等于90度，有利于将成像光学系统100的尺寸控制在合理范围内。而且可以理解的是，如果反射面5s与平板透镜1的夹角α大于90度，相对于反射面5s与平板透镜1相垂直的方案而言，反射面5s呈张开的状态。张开的反射面5s，会将部分光线朝向远离平板透镜1的方向反射，这部分光线就会成为无效光线。因此为提高光线有效利用率，本申请的方案将反射面5s与平板透镜1的夹角α设置成小于等于90度。
由这里也可以看出，通过控制反射面5s与平板透镜1的夹角α的大小，可以达到调整成像视场角的目的。
根据本申请实施例的成像光学系统100，通过在平板透镜1的像源侧和观影侧分别设置反射面5s，且反射面5s成对设置，从而可利用反射面5s增加视场角，有的方案里反射面5s甚至能将视场角扩大至180度。这样观众在观影侧观看浮空实像P2时，由于视场角的增大可以容纳更多观众观看，这使成像光学系统100可以应用在展示用途的公共区域，突破了单一平板透镜1的使用局限。另外，利用反射面5s反射光线，可以提高光源边缘光线的利用率，借助反射面5s使更多光线射向浮空实像P2，这样有利于增强浮空实像P2的亮度和清晰度，提高成像品质。
为加深对本申请技术方案的理解，下面结合图2-图9描述平板透镜1的基本结构和成像原理。
参阅图2-图4，平板透镜1包括两组光波导阵列10。每组光波导阵列10均由单列多排的子波导101组成，每个子波导101的横截面为矩形。这里子波导101的横截面，指的是子波导101的与其长度方向相垂直方向上的截面。
参阅图3-图5，两组光波导阵列10包括：第一光波导阵列11和第二光波导阵列12，第一光波导阵列11的子波导101沿X方向延伸且沿Y方向形成多排，第二光波导阵列12的子波导101沿Y方向延伸且沿X方向形成多排，第一光波导阵列11和第二光波导阵列12沿Z方向排布，X方向、Y方向、Z方向两两垂直。这里，子波导101的延伸方向就是该子波导101的长度方向，第一光波导阵列11的单个子波导101的长度方 向是X方向，第一光波导阵列11的多个子波导101沿Y方向紧密贴合叠加排布，单个子波导101的宽度方向是Y方向；第二光波导阵列12的单个子波导101的长度方向是Y方向，第二光波导阵列12的多个子波导101沿X方向紧密贴合叠加排布，单个子波导101的宽度方向是X方向。两组光波导阵列10分别呈平板状，第一光波导阵列11至第二光波导阵列12的排布方向为Z方向，Z方向也为平板透镜1的厚度方向。需注意，第一光波导阵列11和第二光波导阵列12中，可以由第一光波导阵列11临近像源侧，也可以由第二光波导阵列12临近像源侧，这里不作限制。两层子波导101的长度方向是相垂直的，因此称两层光波导阵列10是相互正交的关系。
可选地，每个子波导101在宽度方向上两个侧面分别设置有反射膜，用于对光线进行全反射。例如将第一光波导阵列11的子波导101，其Y方向上两个侧面分别设有反射膜，由于第一光波导阵列11包括多个子波导101，因此第一光波导阵列11会沿Y方向排布多个反射膜。将第二光波导阵列12的子波导101，其X方向上两个侧面分别设有反射膜，由于第二光波导阵列12包括多个子波导101，因此第二光波导阵列12会沿X方向排布多个反射膜。
有的实施例中，如图2和图4所示，平板透镜1还可以包括保护盖板30，保护盖板30用于支撑和保护光波导阵列10。保护盖板30可以仅设置在平板透镜1的一侧，也可以在平板透镜1的两侧均设置保护盖板30。具体地，保护盖板30为透明盖板，可选地，保护盖板30为玻璃板。
图2-图4为一实施例中平板透镜1的结构示意图。该平板透镜1包括一对保护盖板30，且分别为第一盖板31和第二盖板32。平板透镜1还包括位于两个保护盖板30之间的两组光波导阵列10，且分别为第一光波导阵列11和第二光波导阵列12。X方向为第一光波导阵列11中的子波导101的延伸方向，Y方向为第二光波导阵列12中的子波导101延伸方向，Z方向为平板透镜1的厚度方向。当然有的方案里也可以取消保护盖板30，可采用其他方式保护光波导阵列10。
可选地，如图5所示，成型的光波导阵列10的外轮廓形状为矩形，每个子波导101的延伸方向与光波导阵列10的外轮廓的至少两条边之间的夹角为θ。进一步可选地，θ满足：30°≤θ≤60°，优选的θ＝45°，在该角度下浮空实像P2较清晰，残像不明显。
这里，平板透镜1的核心成像元件为第一光波导阵列11和第二光波导阵列12，第一光波导阵列11和第二光波导阵列12包括相互正交的单列多排子波导101，平板透镜1整体呈平板，如图6所示，其可实现对影像P1点对点的无像差成像。
具体成像原理如下：这里将两个光波导阵列10进行拆分。如图7和图8所示，以 第一光波导阵列11为例。单层光波导阵列10中，像源侧单点光线经单侧光波导阵列10后，被各排的子波导101分割进行镜像调制，然后重新汇聚在与X方向平行的一条直线P1’上，形成点对线一维成像效果。图7中示出了，像源侧单点光线经某个子波导101的入射角为δ，经子波导101反射后其出射角为δ’，入射角为δ与出射角δ’相等。
如图9所示，为了实现两个方向(X方向、Y方向)均交于一点，需要两组光波导阵列10联合使用，使两层的子波导101排布方向相互垂直，可对目标光源影像P1进行点对点调制。因此任意方向的光线经过此相互正交的双层光波导阵列10，均可实现在光波导阵列10对称位置重新汇聚成浮空实像P2。浮空实像P2的成像距离m2与到原像距离m1相同，为等距离成像，且浮空实像P2的位置在空中，不需要投屏等载体，可直接把实像呈现在空中。
因此这种平板透镜1可以使二维或者三维光源直接在空中成实像，且实现真正的全息影像。在实现大视场、大孔径、高解像、无畸变、无色散的同时，实现裸眼三维立体显示特性。
在本申请的附图中平板透镜1均为矩形，但是本申请的其他方案中，平板透镜1也可以根据需要调整形状，例如可以为圆形、梯形等，这里不作限制。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，同对的两个反射面5s相对平板透镜1呈对称关系，因此同对的两个反射面5s形状相同、面积相同，这样可充分利用反射面5s的面积，减少光线的损失。
具体地，同对的两个反射面5s，分别与平板透镜1形成交线，两个交线不仅平行，而且两个交线所形成的平面与平板透镜1相垂直。由此，可避免引起图像的拼接错位。
在一些实施例中，反射面5s的一边贴合在平板透镜1上。可以理解的是，当反射面5s与平板透镜1之间存在空隙时，从某个扩大的视角范围内观察时，人眼和空隙的连线上对应的那部分浮空实像P2会缺失，即该视角范围并不能看到浮空实像P2。而当反射面5s的一边贴合在平板透镜1上，填补了上述空隙，这样可以有效扩大视角范围。
具体地，所有反射面5s中，每个反射面5s的一边贴合在平板透镜1上。这样使所有反射面5s处的空隙都得到填补，这样可以进一步有效扩大视角范围。
在本申请的方案中，反射组件5的反射面5s可以为一对，也可以为两对或者三对，甚至根据平板透镜1和显示器200的需要，设置更多对，这里不作限制。
当反射组件5具有多对反射面5s时，多对反射面5s沿环绕中心法线L1的方向排布，也就是说，在像源侧多个反射面5s围着中心法线L1，在观影侧多个反射面5s也 围着中心法线L1。这样排布，平板透镜1的中心正对的区域，可以空出以放置光源影像P1，例如将显示器200的显示屏210正对平板透镜1的中心。
有的实施例中，如图10-图13所示，有两对反射面5s位于中心法线L1的相对两侧。位于中心法线L1相对两侧的两对反射面5s中，每个反射面5s与平板透镜1的夹角α相等，每个反射面5s与平板透镜1的交线相互平行。这样有助于拓宽成像光学系统100在该两对反射面5s所在方向的视场角，而且两对反射面5s可以互补，光线在两对反射面5s之间连续反射，使成像光学系统100在这个方向上的视场角几乎能扩大至180度。
这样的成像光学系统100，当将两对反射面5s置于平板透镜1的水平两侧，可以扩大成像光学系统100的水平视场角，在公共区域使用时可以容纳更多观众同时观看。
有的实施例中，如图14-图19所示，成像光学系统100包括一对反射面5s，该反射面5s位于平板透镜1的一侧。这样利用反射面5s的反射，可以扩大观众在平板透镜1的另一侧的视场角。
还有的实施例中，如图20所示，成像光学系统100包括三对反射面5s，三对反射面5s位于平板透镜1的三侧。
甚至成像光学系统100包括四对反射面5s，四对反射面5s位于平板透镜1的四侧。甚至当平板透镜1为多边形(边数至少五个)，成像光学系统100可以包括更多对反射面5s。
在本申请的方案中，如图10-图11所示，反射组件5包括反射镜50，反射镜50表面设有反射面5s。反射镜50的形状可根据需要设置，有的方案里反射镜50为平面镜51，如图11所示，有的方案里反射镜50为其他形状，例如在图22中反射镜50为棱镜52，反射镜50的其中两个棱面构成反射面5s。
在图10-图21所示的实施例中，反射组件5包括至少两个反射镜50，每个反射镜50均为平面镜51，每个反射镜50的朝向中心法线L1的表面构成反射面5s。以平面镜51构建反射面5s，不仅结构简单，而且平面镜51的形状基本与反射面5s的形状一致，而平面镜51的厚度可以较薄，有利于减轻重量。
综上，根据本申请实施例的成像光学系统100，通过设置成对的反射面5s，最直接的效果就是使浮空实像P2在至少一个方向上的视场角扩大，有的方案里甚至能扩大至180°。
反射面5s的设置，能够充分利用光线，将原本照不到平板透镜1的光线，经反射后照射至平板透镜1上，使其能够经过平板透镜1汇聚成像，提高光线的利用率，增大浮空实像P2的亮度。
本申请这种利用反射面5s的方案，要设置反射面5s非常简单。而且通过优化反射 面5s的尺寸、形状以及与平板透镜1的夹角α，可以充分缩小成像光学系统100的体积。反射面5s的设置成本较低，可以规模化生产。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的显示装置1000的结构。
根据本申请实施例的显示装置1000，如图22所示，包括：根据本申请上述实施例的成像光学系统100和显示器200(如图22中所示)，成像光学系统100可采用上述实施例所述的成像光学系统100的结构，这里部分重复内容不再赘述。显示器200位于像源侧，显示器200的显示屏210朝向平板透镜1设置。这样当显示屏210上成像后，显示屏210发出的光线通过平板透镜1，可以在观影侧呈现与影像P1大小呈1：1的浮空实像P2。
需要说明的是，本申请从图10-图21展示了多个实施例中显示装置1000的结构示意图、原理示意图。在部分实施例的原理示意图中，由于光线与显示屏210的影像P1、浮空实像P2有重叠，因此该示意图中仅截取了部分影像P1及对应的部分浮空实像P2，如图11和图13所示。
通过在平板透镜1的两侧成对设置反射面5s，从而可利用反射面5s增加视场角，有的方案里反射面5s甚至能将视场角扩大至180度。这样观众在观影侧观看浮空实像P2时，由于视场角的增大可以容纳更多观众观看，这使显示装置1000可以应用在展示用途的公共区域，突破了显示装置1000的使用局限。另外，利用反射面5s反射光线，可以提高光源边缘光线的利用率，借助反射面5s使更多光线射向浮空实像P2，这样有利于提高成像品质。
在一些具体实施例中，显示屏210为直板屏，显示屏210与平板透镜1之间的夹角λ为锐角。可以理解的是，当光线沿平板透镜1的厚度方向射入时，光线容易直穿平板透镜1，发生全反射的光线数量大幅度减少。而将显示屏210与平板透镜1之间形成夹角λ，有利于显示屏210发出的大部分光线射向平板透镜1时，光线与子波导101宽度方向两侧的反射部(如利用反射膜形成的反射部)呈一定夹角，这样大部分光线可以通过全反射射向观影侧，提高光线利用率。
具体地，显示屏210的四边分别为近边211、远边212和两个倾斜边213，近边211和远边212为显示屏210的相对两边，近边211位于显示屏210临近平板透镜1的侧边。
此时，显示屏210的一侧或者两侧或者三侧，可以设置反射面5s。具体于像源侧，对应显示屏210的两个倾斜边213可以分别设置反射面5s，或在显示屏210的对应远边212的一侧设有反射面5s，或者在显示屏210的对应两个倾斜边213的两侧、对应远边212的一侧均设有反射面5s。这样利用反射面5s，可以增加显示屏210在一个方 向或者两个方向上的视场角。
正如上文中成像光学系统100的实施例里，反射面5s可以有多种设置形式，同样在显示装置1000中反射面5s也可以有多种设置形式。
例如在一些可选实施例中，如图10-图13所示，对应倾斜边213的反射面5s为第一增视反射面5s-1，当显示装置1000具有第一增视反射面5s-1时，第一增视反射面5s-1通常设置有两个，两个第一增视反射面5s-1分别对应平板透镜1的倾斜边213设置。这样，两个第一增视反射面5s-1与平板透镜1可以互不干涉，而且相互配合，增加在两个第一增视反射面5s-1所在方向的视场角。
具体地，显示屏210沿平行于平板透镜1的方向形成的投影，完全位于第一增视反射面5s-1内。需要说明的是，本文中引入数学术语“投影”，目的在于更清楚地描述反射面5s的形状。这里，“显示屏210沿平行于平板透镜1的方向形成的投影”指的是，令平行于平板透镜1的投射线，在通过显示屏210向第一增视反射面5s-1投射时，在第一增视反射面5s-1上得到的图形。下文提及的投影也均以此定义获得相应的图形。
通过将显示屏210沿平行于平板透镜1的方向形成的投影完全位于第一增视反射面5s-1内，当显示屏210的光源发散角接近180度时，在两个第一增视反射面5s-1所在方向的180度范围内的光线大部分都能射向平板透镜1和两个第一增视反射面5s-1，这样使观影侧浮空实像P2的光线可以以180度角的范围发散，使在两个第一增视反射面5s-1所在方向的视场角大体为180度。由此，可以减少光线的浪费，提高浮空实像P2的亮度。
具体地，第一增视反射面5s-1为三角形或者梯形，显示屏210沿平行于平板透镜1的方向形成的投影，与第一增视反射面5s-1的一边平齐。可选地，当第一增视反射面5s-1为梯形时，可选用直角梯形。
可以理解的是，显示屏210的光源发散角很难超过180度，因此第一增视反射面5s-1在超出显示屏210的部分，基本上没有光线射在上面。
而且即使显示屏210发散角超过了180度，超180度的光线由反射面5s反射时，部分朝向远离平板透镜1的方向反射，部分会被显示屏210的背面挡住，这部分光线实际上也是无效的，第一增视反射面5s-1超出显示屏210的部分仍是浪费的。
因此将显示屏210沿平行于平板透镜1的方向形成的投影，与第一增视反射面5s-1的一边平齐，可减少第一增视反射面5s-1的无用面积。
在一些可选实施例中，如图14-图19所示，对应远边212的反射面5s为第二增视反射面5s-2。当显示装置1000具有第二增视反射面5s-2时，第二增视反射面5s-2通常设置有一个，且对应平板透镜1的远边212设置。由于显示屏210的近边211与平板透 镜1的距离较近，能设反射面5s的空间有限，因此第二增视反射面5s-2只适合对应显示屏210的远边212设置。
当设有第二增视反射面5s-2时，第二增视反射面5s-2为矩形。由于第二增视反射面5s-2基本上与显示屏210是相对的，在没有其他物体遮挡，且显示屏210的光源发散角接近180度时，第二增视反射面5s-2整个面积都能有效反射光线。此时将第二增视反射面5s-2设置成矩形，可减少光线遗漏，而且矩形的第二增视反射面5s-2，不仅加工容易，而且安装固定也非常方便。
在一些可选实施例中，如图20-图21所示，显示屏210的两个倾斜边213分别对应设有第一增视反射面5s-1，显示屏210的远边212对应设有第二增视反射面5s-2。第一增视反射面5s-1为三角形，显示屏210沿平行于平板透镜1的方向形成的投影，与第一增视反射面5s-1的一边平齐。第二增视反射面5s-2沿平行于平板透镜1的方向形成的投影，与第一增视反射面5s-1的另一边平齐。这样两个第一增视反射面5s-1和一个第二增视反射面5s-2可以围在倾斜的显示屏210的三侧，从而尽可能地将光线反射至平板透镜1，不仅增加两个方向上的视场角，可以最大限度地提高光线的利用率，提高浮空实像P2的亮度。
下面结合具体实施例所示附图，描述当显示屏210为直板屏时，反射面5s可能的设置形式。
实施例1：
图10-图11显示的是实施例1中的显示装置1000的结构简图和扩大水平视场角的原理示意图，该显示装置1000为第一显示装置1000A。
第一显示装置1000A包括：显示器200、四块反射镜50和平板透镜1。
显示器200为光源发散角接近180度的平板显示器，为了提高浮空实像P2的成像质量，显示器200的显示屏210与平板透镜1的夹角λ选用45°。四块反射镜50分成两对，同对的两个反射镜50分别位于像源侧和观影侧。每个反射镜50的朝向平板透镜1的中心法线L1的表面形成它的反射面5s。实施例1中，四个反射面5s均为第一增视反射面5s-1，在像源侧两个第一增视反射面5s-1位于平板透镜1的左右两侧，在观影侧两个第一增视反射面5s-1位于平板透镜1的左右两侧。
同对的两个反射镜50大小相等，且关于平板透镜1相互对称。像源侧两个反射镜50关于中心法线L1对称，观影侧两个反射镜50关于中心法线L1对称，以避免引起图像的拼接错位。假设平板透镜1是水平放置的，那两组反射镜50均为竖直放置。
上文提及第一增视反射面5s-1形状可为直角梯形或三角形，第一显示装置1000A 中第一增视反射面5s-1选用三角形形状，可最大程度减小耗材和整个装置的体积。
每对两个三角形的反射镜50，其第一边与平板透镜1紧密贴合。在像源侧的反射镜50的第二边与物平面(即影像P1或者显示屏210所在平面)重合，在观影侧的反射镜50的第二边与像平面(即浮空实像P2所在平面)重合。在像源侧的反射镜50的高度和显示屏210高度相等，在观影侧的反射镜50的高度和浮空实像P2的高度相等。在像源侧的反射镜50的第三边由平板透镜1边缘到与显示屏210等高位置的连线组成，在观影侧的反射镜50的第三边由平板透镜1边缘到与浮空实像P2等高位置的连线组成。
实施例1中，扩大视场原理如图11所示。在像源侧，位于平板透镜1左右两侧的第一增视反射面5s-1，将原先无法入射到平板透镜1的边缘视角光线反射后重新利用，使其入射到平板透镜1中。出射后再经过观影侧位于平板透镜1左右两侧的第一增视反射面5s-1的反射，最后呈现在像平面上。两组反射镜50竖直放置，使第一增视反射面5s-1与平板透镜1的夹角α＝90度，η为不加反射镜50的视角大小，β为左侧增加的视场角范围，右侧增加的视场角范围同理，实际增加的视场角近似等于180°-η。水平视场角的增加幅度，受显示器200光源的发散角大小的影响，但是不受平板透镜1、显示器200的尺寸和显示器200距平板透镜1的距离等参数影响。
实施例1的方案，通过上述设置，浮空实像P2的水平视场角度等于显示器200的水平视场角度。当显示屏210的光源发散角为180度时，浮空实像P2的水平视场角也约为180度。
实施例2：
图12-图13显示的是实施例2中的显示装置1000的结构简图和扩大水平视场角的原理示意图，该显示装置1000为第二显示装置1000B。
第二显示装置1000B包括：显示器200、四块反射镜50和平板透镜1。如图12所示，实施例2中第二显示装置1000B的结构布局与实施例1中第一显示装置1000A的结构布局基本相等，相同部分这里不再赘述。
α为第一增视反射面5s-1与平板透镜1的夹角。与实施例1所不同的是，在实施例2中第一增视反射面5s-1与平板透镜1之间的夹角α为锐角，即大于0度小于90度。η为不加反射镜50的视角大小，β为左侧增加的视场角范围，右侧增加的视场角范围同理，实际增加的视场角近似等于180°-η。水平视场角的增加幅度，受显示器200光源的发散角大小的影响。实施例2的方案，通过上述设置，浮空实像P2的水平视场角度等于显示器200的水平视场角度。当显示屏210的光源发散角为180度时，浮空实像P2的水平视场角也约为180度。
对实施例1和实施例2进行总结，第一显示装置1000A和第二显示装置1000B均可以增加水平视角至180度，对视场的增大效果基本相同，且均不会使浮空实像P2产生畸变。两种显示装置1000均会限制显示器200的尺寸，其中第二显示装置1000B中反射镜50向内侧斜置，对显示器200的尺寸限制会更大，显示器200的尺寸不宜超于左右两反射镜50的顶角距离。
另外在实施例2中所有反射镜50都要斜置，反射镜50斜置时的倾斜角度容易出现误差，而同对两个反射镜50的倾斜角不等时容易成像错位。相对来讲，将反射镜50竖直放置时，α角易控制，因此相较而言，实施例1方案更易实现，且易保证成像质量。
实施例3：
图14-图15显示的是实施例3中的显示装置1000的结构简图和扩大竖直视场角的原理示意图，该显示装置1000为第三显示装置1000C。
第三显示装置1000C包括：显示器200、两块反射镜50和平板透镜1。
显示器200为光源发散角接近180度的平板显示器，为了提高浮空实像P2的成像质量，显示器200的显示屏210与平板透镜1的夹角λ选用45°。
设显示屏210的近边211临近平板透镜1的前侧，则两块反射镜50设置在平板透镜1的后侧，且分别位于像源侧和观影侧。
反射镜50形状为矩形，其一边紧贴平板透镜1，两反射镜50竖直放置，且关于平板透镜1对称，两反射镜50的前表面构成第二增视反射面5s-2，两反射镜50的高度与显示器200和浮空实像P2的高度相同。
其扩大竖直方向上的视场角的原理如图15所示。α为反射镜50与平板透镜1的夹角，为90度，η为不加反射镜50时的视角大小，β为第三显示装置1000C实际增加的视场角范围，浮空实像P2的竖直视场角由反射镜50的高度和平板透镜1的尺寸共同决定。由于显示器200与平板透镜1夹角λ优选45°放置，所以η和β的和始终小于135°，仅有当平板透镜1尺寸无限大时，η和β的和无限接近135度。
实施例4：
图16-图19显示的是实施例4中的显示装置1000的结构简图和扩大竖直视场角的原理示意图，该显示装置1000为第四显示装置1000D。
第四显示装置1000D包括：显示器200、两块反射镜50和平板透镜1。
反射镜50与平板透镜1的夹角为α，其一边紧贴平板透镜1，反射镜50的高度要略高于显示器200和浮空实像P2的高度，其扩大竖直方向上的视场角的原理如图17 所示。实施例4中第四显示装置1000D与实施例3中第三显示装置1000C的结构布局基本相同，所不同的是在实施例4中反射镜50与平板透镜1的夹角为α小于90度，为锐角。
如图17所示，显示器200的边缘视角的光线经过像源侧的第二增视反射面5s-2反射后，重新入射到平板透镜1，然后出射的光线经过观影侧的第二增视反射面5s-2反射，从而起到增大视场的作用。其中η为不加反射镜50的视角大小，β为第四显示装置1000D实际增加的视场角范围，γ为反射镜50与显示器200或浮空实像P2的夹角。
图17-图19显示了当其他参数不变，反射镜50与平板透镜1的夹角为α逐渐减小时，使反射镜50与浮空实像P2的夹角逐渐增大，此时视场角增加范围β会产生一定变化。
从中可以看出，仅有当γ≥90°时，边缘视角的光线经过像源侧的第二增视反射面5s-2反射后，光线紧贴显示屏210入射到平板透镜1，出射的光线再经过观影侧的第二增视反射面5s-2反射，从而起到扩大视场角范围的作用。γ＝90°时原理如图18所示，γ＞90°时原理如图19所示。其中γ＝90°时，η和β的和已经无限接近于180度，而当γ＞90°时，整个装置对平板透镜1的尺寸要求更大，但是竖直方向上的视场角已无法再增大。
综上，γ＝90°，且反射镜50与平板透镜1夹角α为45°时，成像装置的体积最小，且竖直视场角接近180°。
实施例5：
图20-图21显示的是实施例5中的显示装置1000的结构简图和扩大竖直视场角的原理示意图，该显示装置1000为第五显示装置1000E。
第五显示装置1000E包括：显示器200、四块用于增大水平视角的反射镜50、两块用于增大竖直视角的反射镜50和一块平板透镜1。
实施例5的方案相当于是将实施例1的方案与实施例4的方案进行了结合。
显示器200为光源发散角接近180度的平板显示器，为了提高浮空实像P2的成像质量，显示器200与平板透镜1夹角λ选用45°放置。
设显示屏210的近边211临近平板透镜1的前侧，有三个反射镜20位于像源侧，且分别位于平板透镜1的左侧、右侧和后侧，有三个反射镜20位于观影侧，且分别位于平板透镜1的左侧、右侧和后侧。
左右两侧的反射镜50大小相等且关于平板透镜1相互对称，同一侧的两反射镜50关于平板透镜1中心法线L1方向对称。左右两侧的反射镜50均为竖直放置，且镜面 形状为三角形，可最大程度减小耗材和整个装置的体积。
左右两侧的反射镜50，其第一边与平板透镜1紧密贴合，第二边与物平面或像平面重合，该反射镜50的高度和显示屏210和浮空实像P2的高度相等，第三边由平板透镜1边缘到与显示屏210和浮空实像P2等高位置的连线组成。
在平板透镜1后侧的上下两面各添加的反射镜50，形状为矩形，反射镜50与平板透镜1的夹角α＝45度，其一边紧贴平板透镜1，该反射镜50的高度和显示屏210和浮空实像P2的高度基本相同，该结构的侧视图如图21所示。
该第五显示装置1000E通过优化反射镜50的尺寸和与平板透镜1的夹角α，能充分缩小装置的体积，而且可以在水平和竖直方向上180度的视场角范围内观察到浮空实像P2。
综上当显示装置1000用于公共场合，显示装置1000水平方向增大视场角方式为：在显示器200和浮空实像P2的左右两侧各添一反射镜50，同对反射镜50关于平板透镜1相互对称，同侧反射镜50关于平板透镜1的中心法线L1对称。反射镜50可以向内侧斜置，也可以竖直放置，优选竖直放置，可最大程度利用平板透镜1和使用更大尺寸的显示器200。反射镜50镜面形状可以为直角梯形或三角形，优选三角形，可最大程度减小耗材和整个装置的体积。每对的两个三角形反射镜50，第一边与平板透镜1紧密贴合，第二边与物平面或像平面重合(取决于反射镜50在像源侧还是观影侧)，该反射镜50的高度和显示器200、浮空实像P2的高度相等，第三边由平板透镜1边缘到与显示器200、浮空实像P2等高位置的连线组成。
显示装置1000竖直方向增大视场角方式为：在平板透镜1远离观察者的一侧的上下两面各添加反射镜50，反射镜50形状为矩形，其一边紧贴平板透镜1，可以竖直放置，也可以向内侧斜置，优选向内侧斜置，视场角更大且装置体积更小。
增大水平视场角的显示装置1000中，浮空实像P2的水平视场角只与显示器200水平视场角度有关，与平板透镜1、显示器200的尺寸和显示器200距平板透镜1的距离无关。
增大竖直视场角的显示装置1000中，浮空实像P2的竖直视场角与反射镜50和平板透镜1的夹角、反射镜50的高度和平板透镜1的尺寸有关。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“长度”、“宽度”、“高度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位 构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“实施例”、“示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种成像光学系统，其特征在于，包括：
    平板透镜，所述平板透镜包括两组光波导阵列，每组所述光波导阵列均由单列多排且横截面为矩形的子波导组成，所述两组光波导阵列包括：第一光波导阵列和第二光波导阵列，所述第一光波导阵列的所述子波导沿X方向延伸且沿Y方向形成多排，所述第二光波导阵列的所述子波导沿Y方向延伸且沿X方向形成多排，所述第一光波导阵列和所述第二光波导阵列沿Z方向排布，所述X方向、所述Y方向、所述Z方向两两垂直，所述平板透镜具有中心法线，所述中心法线过所述平板透镜的中心且与所述Z方向平行，所述平板透镜的相对两侧分别为像源侧和观影侧；
    反射组件，所述反射组件具有至少一对反射面，同对的两个所述反射面分别位于所述像源侧和所述观影侧，所述反射面均为平面且朝向所述中心法线设置，所述反射面与所述平板透镜的夹角小于等于90度，其中，
    同对的两个所述反射面与所述平板透镜的夹角相等，同对的两个所述反射面与所述平板透镜的交线相互平行。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的成像光学系统，其特征在于，所述反射面的一边贴合在所述平板透镜上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的成像光学系统，其特征在于，所述反射组件具有多对所述反射面，多对所述反射面沿环绕所述中心法线的方向排布。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的成像光学系统，其特征在于，多对所述反射面中包括两对位于所述中心法线的相对两侧；
    位于所述中心法线相对两侧的两对所述反射面中，每个所述反射面与所述平板透镜的夹角相等，每个所述反射面与所述平板透镜的交线相互平行。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的成像光学系统，其特征在于，同对的两个所述反射面相对所述平板透镜对称设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的成像光学系统，其特征在于，所述反射组件包括至少两个反射镜，所述反射镜为平面镜，每个所述反射镜的朝向所述中心法线的表面构成所述反射面。
  7. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括：
    根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的成像光学系统；
    显示器，所述显示器位于所述像源侧，所述显示器的显示屏朝向所述平板透镜设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示屏为直板屏，所述显示屏与所述平板透镜之间的夹角为锐角，所述显示屏的四边分别为近边、远边和两个倾 斜边，所述近边和所述远边为所述显示屏的相对两边，所述近边位于所述显示屏临近所述平板透镜的侧边；
    于所述像源侧，在所述显示屏的对应所述两个倾斜边的两侧分别设有所述反射面，和/或在所述显示屏的对应所述远边的一侧设有所述反射面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的显示装置，其特征在于，对应所述倾斜边的所述反射面为第一增视反射面，所述显示屏沿平行于所述平板透镜的方向形成的投影完全位于所述第一增视反射面内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述第一增视反射面为三角形或者梯形，所述显示屏沿平行于所述平板透镜的方向形成的投影，与所述第一增视反射面的一边平齐。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的显示装置，其特征在于，对应所述远边的所述反射面为第二增视反射面，所述第二增视反射面为矩形。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述第一增视反射面为三角形；
    所述显示屏沿平行于所述平板透镜的方向形成的投影，与所述第一增视反射面的一边平齐；
    所述第二增视反射面沿平行于所述平板透镜的方向形成的投影，与所述第一增视反射面的另一边平齐。
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