WO2022255472A1 - グリースの劣化検知方法及び潤滑剤の劣化検知方法 - Google Patents
グリースの劣化検知方法及び潤滑剤の劣化検知方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022255472A1 WO2022255472A1 PCT/JP2022/022564 JP2022022564W WO2022255472A1 WO 2022255472 A1 WO2022255472 A1 WO 2022255472A1 JP 2022022564 W JP2022022564 W JP 2022022564W WO 2022255472 A1 WO2022255472 A1 WO 2022255472A1
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- Prior art keywords
- grease
- deterioration
- lubricant
- color
- sensor
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 41
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/251—Colorimeters; Construction thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2888—Lubricating oil characteristics, e.g. deterioration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
- G01J3/50—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/8422—Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/121—Correction signals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting the deterioration state of grease and a method for detecting the deterioration state of lubricant.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a failure prediction device that predicts a failure of a rolling bearing by measuring the concentration of iron powder in the lubricating grease used in the rolling bearing from the collapse of the magnetic balance between the excitation coil and the detection coil. It is however, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the amount of grease required for measuring the iron powder concentration is relatively large. In addition, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 cannot detect oxidative deterioration of grease.
- Grease is also used in parts of various mechanical devices such as rolling bearings and reduction gears.
- One of the causes of failure of these parts is abnormal wear.
- foreign matter such as iron powder is mixed in the grease, resulting in deterioration of the grease.
- there are several factors that contribute to the deterioration of grease such as deterioration of grease due to changes in components due to application of heat, deterioration of grease due to oxidation, and the like.
- a color sensor can detect the condition of the lubricating oil.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the concentration of iron powder in lubricating grease used for parts to be measured is measured from the collapse of the magnetic balance between the excitation coil and the detection coil.
- a failure prediction device is disclosed that predicts a failure of such a component to be measured by doing so.
- Patent Document 1 requires a relatively large amount of grease in order to measure the iron powder concentration.
- the sensor portion of the failure prediction device needs to be installed at the location where detection is desired, and a certain amount of time and cost is required from manufacturing the device to installation and prediction.
- the detection is limited to deterioration due to iron powder mixed into the grease, and it is not possible to detect deterioration due to oxidation of the grease or a change in composition due to heat.
- Lubricants used for lubricating various mechanical devices deteriorate over time due to oxidization during use, contamination with foreign matter, and the like.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a lubricant is allowed to enter a gap formed between a light-emitting element (white LED) and a light-receiving element (RGB sensor) to detect the state of light transmission.
- a sensor is described for detecting the deterioration state of a lubricant from.
- the method for detecting the state of deterioration of the lubricant described in Patent Document 2 requires a relatively large amount of lubricant, and only the lubricant can be measured. For example, grease cannot be detected. There is also the problem of deterioration of the sensor caused by immersing the sensor in the lubricant, and the need to clean the sensor. Furthermore, the type of light source is limited to white LEDs, and detection locations are restricted.
- the first object of the present invention it is an object of the present invention to provide a grease deterioration detection method capable of detecting deterioration of grease and requiring a small amount of grease to detect deterioration. is the first objective.
- the present invention is capable of detecting deterioration caused by oxidation and heat in addition to deterioration due to contamination by foreign matter such as iron powder, with a small amount of grease in a short time.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting deterioration of grease.
- the present invention detects grease as a lubricant in addition to lubricating oil, uses a small amount, does not require deterioration or cleaning of the detection device, and detects the deterioration state of the lubricant. It is a third object of the present invention to provide a method that can easily and more accurately detect in a short period of time, and can detect in various places without restrictions on the type of light source.
- the first object of the present invention is achieved by the configuration [1] below related to the grease deterioration detection method.
- a method for detecting deterioration of grease comprising: a dilution step of diluting the grease with a diluent to obtain diluted grease; a measuring step of measuring the color of the diluted grease with a sensor;
- a grease deterioration detection method comprising:
- the second object of the present invention is achieved by the following configuration [5] relating to the grease deterioration detection method.
- a method for detecting deterioration of grease comprising: a step of sandwiching and spreading the grease between a pair of transparent material plates to form a thin film; measuring the color of the thinned grease with a camera or sensor; A method for detecting deterioration of grease, wherein the degree of deterioration of the grease is determined based on the measurement.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention relating to the grease deterioration detection method relates to the following [6] or [7].
- the third object of the present invention is achieved by the configuration [8] below related to the lubricant deterioration detection method.
- preferred embodiments of the present invention relating to the lubricant deterioration detection method relate to the following [9] to [13].
- deterioration of the grease can be detected with a small amount of grease.
- second invention group it is possible to detect deterioration of grease caused by oxidation and heat as well as contamination by foreign matter such as iron powder.
- deterioration can be detected from a small amount of grease in a short period of time, it is extremely useful in terms of cost and time. It is also possible to pinpoint the location and know the degree of deterioration on the spot.
- the present invention according to the above-mentioned "third invention group", it is possible to accurately detect the state of deterioration of the lubricant due to oxidative deterioration of the lubricant, contamination with foreign matter, or the like, simply and in a short time.
- the required amount of lubricant is very small, for example, about 10 mg, the detection device does not deteriorate and there is no need for cleaning.
- the lubricant can be analyzed, and the accuracy of failure prediction can be improved.
- grease can be detected in addition to lubricating oil, and can be detected in various locations without restrictions on light sources.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of analyzing grease in the vicinity of a retainer of a rolling bearing by the method for detecting deterioration of grease according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of analyzing the grease inside the seal of the rolling bearing by the method for detecting deterioration of grease according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of analyzing the grease outside the seal of the rolling bearing by the method for detecting deterioration of grease according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the brightness ⁇ E and the maximum color difference obtained in an example using the grease deterioration detection method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of analyzing grease in the vicinity of a retainer of a rolling bearing by the method for detecting deterioration of grease according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of analyzing the
- FIG. 5 is a top view showing an example of a color sample used in the third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of Test Example 1 in the third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of Test Example 2 in the third embodiment of the invention.
- a method for detecting deterioration of grease according to the present embodiment is a method for detecting deterioration of grease, and includes a dilution step of diluting grease with a diluent to obtain diluted grease, and a measurement step of measuring the color of the diluted grease with a sensor. And prepare.
- the deterioration of grease can be detected by measuring the color of diluted grease with a sensor. That is, since the color of the grease changes as it deteriorates, it can be determined whether or not the grease has deteriorated due to use or storage by measuring the color of the grease with a sensor.
- Specific contents of grease deterioration that can be detected include, for example, oxidation of grease and contamination of grease with foreign matter.
- a specific example of the sensor used for measurement is a color sensor.
- the deterioration state and the degree of deterioration of the grease can be determined by measuring the color of the diluted grease with a sensor. That is, since the degree of color change increases as the deterioration of grease progresses, the degree of deterioration of grease due to use or storage can be determined by measuring the color of grease with a sensor.
- the grease which is the sample whose degree of deterioration should be determined, is diluted with a diluent to obtain diluted grease (dilution process), and the color of the diluted grease is measured with a sensor (measurement process). Then, the degree of deterioration of the grease is determined by comparing the color of the diluted reference grease obtained in the reference grease measurement step and the color of the diluted grease obtained in the measurement step (comparison step). It is preferable that the type of diluent and the color measurement conditions are the same for the reference grease and the sample grease.
- the method for detecting deterioration of grease it is possible to determine the degree of deterioration of grease used in, for example, rolling bearings. If the degree of deterioration of the grease is known, it is possible to appropriately determine the timing of performing maintenance such as replenishing the rolling bearing with unused grease and replacing the rolling bearing.
- the color of the diluted grease obtained by diluting the grease with the diluent is measured, so a small amount of grease (for example, 10 mg) is sufficient for detecting deterioration. . Even with a small amount of grease, it is possible to detect both deterioration due to oxidation and contamination in a short period of time.
- a small amount of grease is sufficient for detecting deterioration. can do. Therefore, it is possible to determine the degree of deterioration of the grease used in the rolling bearing and to predict failure of the rolling bearing with high accuracy.
- the conditions for diluting the grease with the diluent are not particularly limited, and the temperature may be room temperature, or the diluent may be heated to such an extent that the diluent does not volatilize. Moreover, stirring may or may not be performed during dilution.
- the dilution ratio when diluting the grease with the diluent is not particularly limited, but in order to measure the color with high accuracy, 1 part by mass or more and 10000 parts by mass or more per 1 part by mass of the grease It is preferable to mix and dilute the following diluents, more preferably to mix and dilute 10 parts by mass or more and 10000 parts by mass or less of the diluent, and to mix 10 parts by mass or more and 1000 parts by mass or less of the diluent It is more preferable to dilute with
- the type of diluent is not particularly limited as long as it is easily mixed with the grease and has colorlessness and transparency to the extent that it does not interfere with measuring the color of the diluted grease with a sensor.
- organic solvents are preferred.
- the diluent may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- organic solvents include petroleum such as kerosene, light oil and gasoline, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, and toluene. , aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and monochlorobenzene, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, and ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran.
- petroleum such as kerosene, light oil and gasoline
- alcohols such as methanol and ethanol
- ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- n-hexane aliphatic hydrocarbons
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane
- toluene toluene
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as x
- the rolling bearing used was a deep groove ball bearing with a nominal number of 6305VV having an inner diameter of 25 mm, an outer diameter of 62 mm, and a width of 17 mm.
- the thickener of the grease used was lithium soap
- the base oil was a mixture of poly- ⁇ -olefin and diester oil (the kinematic viscosity at 40°C was 15.9 mm 2 /s)
- the consistency was No. . 2.
- This grease was loaded inside the rolling bearing, and the inner ring was rotated at a rotational speed of 10000 min ⁇ 1 while applying a radial load of 98 N and an axial load of 1470 N.
- the outer ring temperature was 140°C.
- the rotation time was set to 100 hours, 200 hours, 300 hours, and 417 hours, and the grease was collected from the rolling bearing after each rotation time. Grease is collected from three locations: a portion near the retainer of the rolling bearing, a portion near and inside the seal, and a portion near and outside the seal. During the rotation time of 417 hours, the rotation was stopped because the temperature of the outer ring rose to 170°C.
- each sampled grease was dissolved in 1 mL of n-hexane to obtain a diluted grease.
- the hue of each diluted grease was measured using an oil diagnostic meter T-ODS-301 manufactured by MKT Taisei Co., Ltd. Hues are represented by three colors, red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and are represented by 256 gradations of 0 to 255 for each color.
- FIG. 1 Graphs plotting the brightness ⁇ E and the maximum color difference for each grease sampling point are shown in Figures 1 to 3.
- 1 is the vicinity of the cage
- the graph of FIG. 2 is the inner portion of the seal
- the graph of FIG. 3 is the outer portion of the seal.
- the numerical values written near the plots in the graph are the rotation times of the rolling bearings.
- a rotation time of 0 hours is unused grease, and the unused grease was used as a reference grease, and the hue was measured in the same manner as the grease for each rotation time.
- the method for detecting deterioration of grease comprises the steps of: sandwiching grease between a pair of transparent material plates and spreading it to form a thin film; and measuring the color of the thinned grease with a camera or sensor. ,including.
- the degree of deterioration of the grease is determined by the above measuring step.
- other steps than the above steps may be included as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Step of thinning Grease changes color as it ages.
- grease has lower fluidity and higher viscosity than lubricating oil. For this reason, even if there is a large difference in hue, such as in the initial state where the light transmittance is low and there is no deterioration at all, and in the state where the deterioration has progressed considerably, it is difficult to distinguish the fine difference in deterioration. rice field.
- the present embodiment includes a step of sandwiching the grease between a pair of plates made of a transparent material and spreading the grease to form a thin film.
- the light transmittance of the grease is increased, and fine differences in deterioration can be clearly identified as differences in hue.
- a small amount of grease is enough to spread the grease and form a thin film.
- the accuracy of failure prediction can be improved by, for example, pinpointing analysis of the grease in areas that directly affect the service life of parts to which grease adheres. Specifically, if the part is a rolling bearing, the grease existing near the raceway is analyzed to determine the degree of deterioration of the grease used in the rolling bearing and predict failure of the rolling bearing. It can be done with high accuracy.
- the pair of transparent materials is not particularly limited as long as the grease can be made into a thin film by sandwiching and spreading the grease between them, and it does not affect the observation of the hue of the grease.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of glass, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate and polycarbonate is preferable, and among these, the same transparent material may be used as a pair of transparent materials, or two different types may be used as a pair of transparent materials.
- the plate made of transparent material only needs to have a flat surface on which the grease is sandwiched, and the size and thickness of the plate are not particularly limited.
- the preferable range of the size and thickness of the plate varies depending on the transparent material used, the method of spreading, the amount of grease, and the like. For example, when two glass slides are used as a pair of transparent materials and a human force is applied to spread the grease from above the glass slides, the strength and thickness of the glass should be sufficient to prevent cracking by the force. good.
- the transparent material may have a size that prevents the thinned grease from popping out when the grease is spread.
- the sizes and thicknesses of the pair of transparent material plates do not necessarily have to be the same.
- the amount of grease sandwiched between the pair of transparent material plates that is, the amount of grease required for the method for detecting deterioration of grease according to the present embodiment varies depending on the size of the transparent material used and the hardness of the grease. From the viewpoint of facilitating detection of the thickness and area of the grease, it is preferably 0.1 mg or more, more preferably 0.2 mg or more, and even more preferably 0.5 mg or more. From the viewpoint of pinpoint analysis of the grease in the part that directly affects the service life of the part, it is preferably 10 mg or less, more preferably 5 mg or less, and even more preferably 2 mg or less.
- the size of the grease after spreading is preferably 1.5 mm or more in diameter, more preferably 3 mm or more, and even more preferably 5 mm or more, from the viewpoint of visibility when detecting. Moreover, from the viewpoint of ease of handling, the size of the grease after spreading is preferably 30 mm or less in diameter, more preferably 15 mm or less in diameter. In addition, the above size does not mean that the grease after being spread out has an exact circular shape. That is, it is sufficient that the area of the grease after spreading is approximately the same as the area of the circle having the above diameter.
- the thickness of the spread grease is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of enhancing the accuracy of color analysis. Moreover, from the viewpoint of preventing the light transmittance from becoming too low, the thickness of the grease after spreading is preferably 0.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.1 mm or less. However, if the grease contains foreign matter such as iron powder, the thickness may vary depending on the size of the iron powder.
- the thickness of the spread grease can be calculated from the amount, specific gravity, and area of the grease used. It can also be measured directly using permittivity measurements.
- the method of collecting grease from parts is not particularly limited, but examples include a method of collecting grease directly from bearings using a spatula, a method of collecting grease coming out of a grease outlet, and the like.
- a diluent is not particularly necessary for thinning the grease, the use of a diluent is not excluded.
- a diluent can be used to remove the grease. It may be thinned after lowering the viscosity.
- a diluted solution can be used to lighten the color of the grease to make it easier to identify. good.
- the dilution ratio for diluting the grease with the diluent is not particularly limited, and is appropriately determined according to the state of the grease.
- the diluent is not particularly limited as long as it is easily mixed with the grease and has colorlessness and transparency to the extent that the color of the grease can be measured with a camera or sensor without any problems, but an organic solvent is preferable. be.
- the diluent may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- organic solvents include petroleum oils such as kerosene, light oil and gasoline, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane and cyclohexane, and toluene and xylene.
- organic solvents include petroleum oils such as kerosene, light oil and gasoline, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane and cyclohexane, and toluene and xylene.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as chloroform and monochlorobenzene
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate
- ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran.
- Step of measuring Next, a step of measuring the color of the thinned grease with a camera or sensor is performed. This measurement determines the degree of deterioration of the grease.
- Specific contents of detectable deterioration of grease include, for example, oxidation of grease, change in composition of grease due to heat, and contamination of grease with foreign matter such as iron powder.
- a color sensor is preferable as the sensor used for the measurement because it can directly determine the color of the grease.
- Grease changes color more as it deteriorates. Therefore, the degree of deterioration of the grease can be determined by measuring the color of the grease with a sensor such as a color sensor.
- a sensor such as a color sensor.
- the degree of deterioration of the grease can be detected in detail.
- the degree of deterioration of the grease is determined by comparing the color of the thinned grease with the color of the reference grease.
- grease that has not deteriorated such as unused grease or grease just after production, is used as "reference grease", and this reference grease is sandwiched between a pair of transparent material plates and spread to form a thin film.
- the amount of reference grease and the area and thickness after spreading are preferably the same as the amount of grease whose degree of deterioration is to be detected and the area and thickness after spreading.
- the color of this reference grease is measured with a sensor and used as a reference for subsequent measurements.
- the grease whose degree of deterioration is to be detected, is sandwiched between a pair of transparent materials and spread out to form a thin film, and the sensor measures the color of the grease. Then, the degree of deterioration of the grease is determined by comparing with the color of the reference grease.
- the grease which is the target for detecting the degree of deterioration, is sandwiched between a pair of transparent materials and spread out to form a thin film.
- a white object in the background take a picture, for example, along with a color sample. Color samples are used to standardize colors, which makes it possible to correct the white balance of images after shooting. can be judged.
- the reference grease sandwiched between a pair of transparent materials and spread out to form a thin film can be photographed and corrected with a white object in the background together with the grease whose degree of deterioration is to be detected. It is also possible to take an image together with the image, adjust the white balance and the like, and compare this image with the color of the actually imaged and corrected grease, which is the object for detecting the degree of deterioration.
- the color of the thinned grease measured by a camera or sensor determines the degree of deterioration from its brightness.
- Hues are represented by three colors, red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and are represented by 256 gradations of 0 to 255 for each color.
- the difference between the maximum and minimum RGB values obtained by measurement with a camera or sensor is defined as the maximum color difference of each grease.
- the brightness ⁇ E and the maximum color difference are obtained for the reference grease and the grease whose degradation is to be detected, and the brightness ⁇ E is plotted on the X-axis and the maximum color difference on the Y-axis to determine the degradation of the grease.
- the method for detecting deterioration of grease it is possible to determine the degree of deterioration of grease used in, for example, rolling bearings by narrowing down the locations. If the degree of deterioration for each location where grease is applied is known, in addition to appropriately determining when to perform maintenance such as replenishing unused grease to rolling bearings and replacing rolling bearings, maintenance timing for each location can be determined. You can also take measures such as changing.
- a small amount of grease is sufficient for detecting deterioration, and the deterioration can be detected in a short time. Therefore, the degree of deterioration of grease collected from parts such as rolling bearings can be determined very simply and accurately on the spot. Furthermore, it is very useful because it can detect not only deterioration due to contamination by foreign matter, but also deterioration due to oxidation and deterioration due to changes in components due to heat.
- Example according to the second embodiment [Examples 1 to 7]
- the rolling bearing has an inner diameter of 25 mm, an outer diameter of 62 mm, and a width of 17 mm.
- Grease is filled inside the rolling bearing. and rotated continuously.
- the thickener of the grease used was lithium soap, and the consistency was No. 1. 2, a commercially available grease with mineral oil as the base oil was used.
- the test time was 0 to 600 hours as shown in Table 1, and after each rotation, the grease was collected from the outside of the seal in the rolling bearing using a spatula.
- the rotation was stopped after the passage of time, but it could not be restarted after that due to the increased bearing torque.
- Example 1 which can be called the reference grease, had almost no color and had a high brightness ⁇ E, the grease deteriorated and turned brown as the rotation time passed. Specifically, since the lightness ⁇ E decreased and the blue (B) value decreased in the hue, a continuous change was observed in which the maximum color difference increased.
- the degree of deterioration of the grease can be known from the positions of the lightness ⁇ E and the maximum color difference in the substantially semicircular shape shown in FIG. 4 .
- the degree of deterioration of the grease increases, the color of the grease changes from colorless (white) to brown. That is, the lightness ⁇ E of the grease becomes smaller, and the brownish color means that the blue (B) value decreases, so the maximum color difference increases.
- Such a change draws a curve as shown in the graph by an arrow curved in a substantially semicircular shape.
- the lightness ⁇ E is close to 0, it may indicate not only deterioration due to oxidation of the grease but also solid particles such as abrasion dust mixed in the grease as foreign matter.
- the brightness ⁇ E and the maximum color difference are plotted as shown in FIG. , it is preferable because the degree of deterioration of the grease can be determined at a glance.
- a lubricant deterioration detection method As a lubricant deterioration detection method (hereinafter referred to as “deterioration detection method”) of the present invention, first, a device or equipment using lubricating oil or grease (hereinafter collectively referred to as "lubricant”), such as a rolling bearing Stop the ball screw device, collect the lubricant, put it in a container, and photograph it together with the color sample.
- lubricant a device or equipment using lubricating oil or grease
- Stop the ball screw device collect the lubricant, put it in a container, and photograph it together with the color sample.
- imaging devices can be used for photography, and there are no particular restrictions on the type of imaging device.
- there are no particular restrictions on the type of light source used when shooting, and detection can be performed in various locations.
- the color sample 1 is a list in which a plurality of color samples 20 with different hues and shades are arranged on the surface of a mount 10, from white (upper left in the figure) to black (lower right in the figure). be.
- Image information of the color sample 1 is printed as an identification code 30 on the mount 10 .
- the identification code 30 a bar code, illustrated QR code (registered trademark), or the like is used.
- the sampled lubricant is placed in a container (not shown) such as a petri dish or a transparent bottle, placed on a sample placement portion 40 indicated by a circle in the figure, and photographed together with the color sample 1 using various imaging devices. to shoot.
- a container such as a petri dish or a transparent bottle
- the lubricant may be used alone, but may be diluted with a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is easily mixed with the lubricant and has colorlessness and transparency to the extent that it does not interfere with photographing the color of the lubricant. Kerosene and gasoline are preferred. By diluting the lubricant with a solvent, it becomes possible to more finely separate the lubricant discolored to a dark color, particularly a blackish color.
- the captured image information of the lubricant is compared with the image information of the color sample 1. At that time, it is preferable to correct the white balance in the captured image information of the lubricant. By correcting the above-mentioned white balance, the image information of the captured lubricant is more appropriately adapted to the image information of the color sample 1 regardless of the environment of the shooting location, that is, the detection location, which may be affected by the brightness. can do.
- the above white balance correction can be performed by the white balance correction function. It may be sent to a device and corrected by a white balance correction function provided in the processing device. Also, the comparison between the image information of the lubricant and the image information of the color sample 1, which will be described later, may be performed within the imaging device or may be performed by an external processing device.
- corrected image Hue is represented by three colors, red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and brightness ( ⁇ E) is obtained from the following formula (1) based on the RGB values of the corrected image.
- Brightness ( ⁇ E) (R 2 +G 2 +B 2 ) 0.5 (1)
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the RGB values is taken as the maximum color difference of the lubricant correction image.
- the lubricant is sampled at predetermined usage time intervals, the brightness ( ⁇ E) and the maximum color difference are obtained, and the brightness ( ⁇ E) is plotted on the X axis and the maximum color difference on the Y axis.
- the degree of deterioration (deterioration state) of the sampled lubricant can be determined based on this graph. Based on this degree of deterioration, it is possible to reflect the replacement timing of the lubricant.
- the correction according to the dilution rate can be performed by providing a correction function to the imaging device or the server and using a correction table created in advance.
- Example 1 an example of monitoring the deterioration state of the grease of the rolling bearing will be shown as Test Example 1, and an example of monitoring the deterioration state of the lubricating oil of the rolling bearing will be shown as Test Example 2.
- the amount of grease collected was 10 mg each, and dissolved in 1 mL of hexane.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of plotting the brightness ( ⁇ E) on the X axis and the maximum color difference on the Y axis.
- the numbers in the figure indicate the operating time (hr).
- the new product has almost no color and high brightness.
- the grease deteriorates and turns brown, so the brightness decreases, the color becomes bluer, and the maximum color difference increases, as indicated by the semicircular arrow in the figure. A continuous change along curve A was observed.
- the sampled grease is photographed together with a color sample, the lightness ( ⁇ E) and maximum color difference of the corrected image are obtained, and the degree of deterioration of the sampled grease can be determined by where it is located on the curve A shown in FIG.
- the amount of lubricating oil to be collected is 1 mL, placed in a petri dish without dilution, placed on the sample mounting part of the color sample, and each lubricating oil and color sample are photographed together with a digital camera with a white balance correction function. RGB values were obtained from the corrected image. Table 3 below shows the results of calculating the lightness ( ⁇ E) and the maximum color difference from the obtained RGB values.
- FIG. 7 shows the result of plotting the brightness ( ⁇ E) on the X axis and the maximum color difference on the Y axis.
- the numbers in the figure indicate the operating time (hr).
- the new product has almost no color and high brightness.
- the grease deteriorates and turns brown, so the brightness decreases, the color becomes bluer, and the maximum color difference increases, as indicated by the semicircular arrow in the figure.
- a continuous change along curve B was observed.
- the sampled lubricating oil is photographed together with a color sample, the brightness ( ⁇ E) and the maximum color difference of the corrected image are obtained, and the degree of deterioration of the sampled lubricating oil can be determined by where it is located on the curve B shown in FIG. .
- Japanese patent application 2021-093548 filed on June 3, 2021
- Japanese patent application Japanese patent application
- Japanese patent application 2022-025090 filed on February 21, 2022, March 4, 2022 It is based on the Japanese design registration application (application 2022-004481) and the Japanese patent application (Japanese patent application 2022-086825) filed on May 27, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. .
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1には、転がり軸受に使用されている潤滑グリース中の鉄粉濃度を、励磁コイルと検知コイルにおける磁気バランスの崩れから測定することにより、転がり軸受の故障を予知する故障予知装置が開示されている。
しかしながら、特許文献1に開示の技術には、鉄粉濃度の測定に必要なグリースの量が比較的多量であるという問題があった。また、特許文献1に開示の技術では、グリースの酸化劣化を検知することはできなかった。
また、グリースは転がり軸受や減速機をはじめ、様々な機械装置の部品に使用されている。これら部品の故障の一因として異常摩耗が挙げられるが、異常摩耗が生じるとグリースに鉄粉等の異物が混入し、グリースが劣化することとなる。また、熱が加わることによる成分変化に伴うグリースの劣化や、酸化によるグリースの劣化等、グリースの劣化にはいくつかの要因がある。
各種機械装置の潤滑に用いられる潤滑剤は、使用とともに酸化したり、異物が混入するなどして経時的に劣化する。
グリースを希釈液で希釈して希釈グリースを得る希釈工程と、
前記希釈グリースの色をセンサで測定する測定工程と、
を備える、グリースの劣化検知方法。
[3] 前記希釈液が有機溶剤である、[1]又は[2]に記載のグリースの劣化検知方法。
[4] 前記有機溶剤がn-ヘキサン、灯油及びガソリンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、[3]に記載のグリースの劣化検知方法。
グリースを一対の透明材料の板で挟んで押広げて薄膜化する工程と、
前記薄膜化されたグリースの色を、カメラ又はセンサで測定する工程と、を含み、
前記測定により前記グリースの劣化具合を判断する、グリースの劣化検知方法。
[7] 前記透明材料がガラス、アクリル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート及びポリカーボネートからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、[5]又は[6]に記載のグリースの劣化検知方法。
撮影した前記色見本の画像情報を基に、撮影した前記潤滑剤のみ又は前記溶剤で希釈した前記潤滑剤の画像情報から、前記潤滑剤の劣化状態を判定する工程と、
を有する、潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
補正した前記画像情報から、前記潤滑剤の劣化状態を判定する、[8]に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
[10] 前記撮像装置が、ホワイトバランス補正機能を備える、[8]又は[9]に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
[11] 前記撮像装置が、デジタルカメラ又はカメラ付き携帯端末である、[10]に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
[12] 前記潤滑剤が、潤滑油又はグリースである、[8]又は[9]に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
[13] 前記溶剤が、有機溶媒、灯油類又はガソリン類を含む、[8]又は[9]に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
上記「第2発明群」に係る本発明によれば、鉄粉等の異物の混入のみならず、酸化や熱を原因とするグリースの劣化を検知することができる。また、少量のグリースから短時間に劣化を検知できることから、コスト面や時間面で非常に有用であることに加え、部品の任意の複数箇所のグリースを採取することで、グリースの劣化している箇所をピンポイントで、かつ劣化具合をその場で知ることも可能である。
上記「第3発明群」に係る本発明によれば、潤滑剤の酸化劣化や異物混入等による潤滑剤の劣化状態を、簡便かつ短時間で正確に検出することができる。また、潤滑剤の必要量に関し、例えば10mg程度と非常に少ないため、検出装置の劣化がなく、洗浄の必要もないことに加え、潤滑部分の寿命に直接影響する部分、例えば軸受の軌道付近の潤滑剤の分析をすることができ、故障予知の精度を高くすることができる。さらに、潤滑油の他にグリースを検出対象にすることができ、光源の制限もなく、様々な場所で検出することができる。
まず、第1実施形態について説明する。
上記の本実施形態に係るグリースの劣化検知方法によれば、希釈グリースの色をセンサで測定することにより、グリースの劣化を検知することができる。すなわち、グリースが劣化すると色が変化するので、グリースの色をセンサで測定することにより、使用又は保管によってグリースが劣化したか否かを判定することができる。
検知することができるグリースの劣化の具体的な内容としては、例えば、グリースの酸化、グリースへの異物の混入が挙げられる。測定に用いるセンサの具体例としては、カラーセンサが挙げられる。
また、グリースを希釈液で希釈する際の希釈倍率は特に限定されるものではないが、色の測定を高精度で行うためには、グリース1質量部に対して、1質量部以上10000質量部以下の希釈液を混合して希釈することが好ましく、10質量部以上10000質量部以下の希釈液を混合して希釈することがより好ましく、10質量部以上1000質量部以下の希釈液を混合して希釈することがさらに好ましい。
転がり軸受に使用されている潤滑グリースの劣化の程度をモニタリングした例について説明する。使用した転がり軸受は、内径25mm、外径62mm、幅17mmの呼び番号6305VVの深溝玉軸受である。使用したグリースの増ちょう剤はリチウム石けんであり、基油はポリ-α-オレフィンとジエステル油の混合物(40℃における動粘度は15.9mm2/sである。)であり、ちょう度はNo.2である。
ΔE=(R2+G2+B2)0.5
また、カラーセンサで得られたRGB値における最大値と最小値の差を求め、これを各希釈グリースの最大色差とした。
続いて、第2実施形態について説明する。
また、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、上記工程以外の他の工程を含んでいてもよい。
グリースは、劣化すると色が変化する。しかしながら、グリースは潤滑油と比べて流動性が低く粘度が高い。そのため、光の透過性も低く、劣化がまったくない初期の状態と、劣化がかなり進んだ状態のように色相の差が大きい場合は判別できても、劣化の細かな差を判別することは難しかった。
また、グリースを押し広げて薄膜化するために、グリースの量は少量で十分である。そのため、グリースが付着している部品の寿命に直接的に影響する部分のグリースをピンポイントで分析するなど、故障予知の精度が高くなる。具体的には、当該部品が転がり軸受である場合には、軌道付近に存在するグリースを分析し、転がり軸受に使用されているグリースの劣化の度合いの判定や、転がり軸受の故障の予測を、高精度で行うことができる。
例えば、ガラス、アクリル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート及びポリカーボネートからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種が好ましく、これらのうち、同じ透明材料を一対の透明材料としてもよく、異なる2種を一対の透明材料としてもよい。
押広げた後のグリースの厚みは、用いたグリースの量、比重、及び面積から算出できる。また、誘電率測定を用いて直接測定することも可能である。
例えば、グリースの劣化が非常に進んでいる等して固化しており、グリースを一対の透明材料の板で挟んで押広げようとしても薄膜化が難しい場合には、希釈液を用いてグリースの粘度を下げてから薄膜化してもよい。また、グリースの劣化が非常に進んでおり、色が濃すぎてそれ以上の劣化の度合いを判別できない場合にも、希釈液を用いてグリースの色を薄くして、判別しやすいようにしてもよい。
グリースを希釈液で希釈する際の希釈倍率は特に限定されるものではなく、グリースの状態に応じて適宜決定する。
次に、薄膜化されたグリースの色を、カメラ又はセンサで測定する工程を行う。この測定によりグリースの劣化具合を判断する。
検知できるグリースの劣化の具体的な内容としては、例えば、グリースの酸化、グリースの熱による成分変化、グリースへの鉄粉等の異物の混入が挙げられる。
グリースは、劣化が進行するほど色の変化の度合いが大きくなる。そのため、グリースの色をカラーセンサ等のセンサで測定することにより、グリースの劣化具合を判定できる。
中でも、本実施形態に係るグリースの劣化検知方法は、グリースを薄膜化することで、グリースの光の透過性が高まり、劣化の細かな差を色相の差として明確に判別できる。そのため、グリースの劣化具合を詳細に検知できる。
色相は赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の3色で表現され、各色0~255の256階調で表される。センサで得られたRGB値、又は、カメラで撮影、補正された画像における色相情報から抽出されるRGB値を下記式に代入することにより、グリースの明度ΔEを算出する。
ΔE=(R2+G2+B2)0.5
また、カメラ又はセンサでの測定により得られたRGB値における最大値と最小値の差を、各グリースの最大色差とする。
さらには、異物の混入による劣化のみならず、酸化による劣化や熱による成分変化による劣化も検知できるため、非常に有用である。
[実施例1~7]
転がり軸受に使用されている潤滑グリースの劣化具合のモニタリングを行った。
転がり軸受は、内径25mm、外径62mm、幅17mmのものを使用し、グリースを転がり軸受の内部に装填し、回転速度2000r/min、軸受外輪温度120℃、ラジアル荷重98N、アキシアル荷重1470Nの条件で連続回転させた。使用したグリースの増ちょう剤はリチウム石けんであり、ちょう度がNo.2で基油が鉱油である市販のグリースを用いた。
試験時間は、表1に記載のように0~600時間として、それぞれの時間で回転させた後に、転がり軸受におけるシール外部から、スパチュラを用いてグリースを採集した。なお、回転時間600時間の実施例は、時間経過で回転を停止させたが、その後の再開は軸受トルク増大のためできなかった。
ΔE=(R2+G2+B2)0.5
結果を表1及び図4に示す。なお、図4中のプロット近傍に記載された数字は回転時間を示す。
グリースの劣化具合が大きくなるにつれて、グリースの色は無色(白)から茶色へ向かって変化する。すなわち、グリースの明度ΔEは小さくなっていき、茶色がかるとは青(B)値が下がることになるため、最大色差が上昇する。そして、さらに回転時間が長くなり、転がり軸受の焼き付きに近づくにつれて劣化具合は大きくなり、グリースの色は、茶色から黒色(R=0、G=0、B=0)へ向かって変化する。そのため、明度ΔEはさらに小さくなり、最大色差も小さくなる。
このような変化は、略半円状に湾曲した矢印でグラフに示すようなカーブを描くことになる。なお、明度ΔEが0に近い領域となる場合には、グリースの酸化による劣化のみならず、摩耗粉等の固形粒子が異物としてグリースに混入していることを示唆している可能性もある。
まず、第3実施形態について説明する。
明度(ΔE)=(R2+G2+B2)0.5 ・・・(1)
なお、希釈率に応じた補正は、撮像装置やサーバーに補正機能を持たせ、あらかじめ作成しておいた補正テーブルなどにより行うことができる。
以下、試験例1として、転がり軸受のグリースの劣化状態をモニタリングした例を、試験例2として、転がり軸受の潤滑油の劣化状態をモニタリングした例をそれぞれ示す。
内径:25mm、外径:62mm、幅:17mmである転がり軸受を用い、内輪の回転、グリースによる潤滑、回転速度:2000r/min、軸受外輪温度:120℃、ラジアル荷重:98N、アキシアル荷重:1470N、の条件で連続回転させた。また、グリースとして、基油が鉱油、増ちょう剤がリチウム石けんであり、ちょう度No.2である市販のグリースを用いた。
内径:60mm、外径:95mm、呼び高さ:26mmであるスラスト円筒ころ軸受を用い、内輪の回転、潤滑油による潤滑、回転速度:500r/min、軸受温度:100℃、アキシアル荷重:60kN、の条件で連続回転させた。潤滑油としては、VG32相当を用い、0.1L/minの条件で給油を行った。
10 台紙
20 色サンプル
30 識別コード
40 試料載置部
Claims (13)
- グリースの劣化を検知する方法であって、
グリースを希釈液で希釈して希釈グリースを得る希釈工程と、
前記希釈グリースの色をセンサで測定する測定工程と、
を備える、グリースの劣化検知方法。 - 前記センサがカラーセンサである、請求項1に記載のグリースの劣化検知方法。
- 前記希釈液が有機溶剤である、請求項1又は2に記載のグリースの劣化検知方法。
- 前記有機溶剤がn-ヘキサン、灯油及びガソリンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項3に記載のグリースの劣化検知方法。
- グリースの劣化を検知する方法であって、
グリースを一対の透明材料の板で挟んで押広げて薄膜化する工程と、
前記薄膜化されたグリースの色を、カメラ又はセンサで測定する工程と、を含み、
前記測定により前記グリースの劣化具合を判断する、グリースの劣化検知方法。 - 前記センサがカラーセンサである、請求項5に記載のグリースの劣化検知方法。
- 前記透明材料がガラス、アクリル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート及びポリカーボネートからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項5又は6に記載のグリースの劣化検知方法。
- 撮像装置を用い、潤滑剤のみ又は溶剤で希釈した前記潤滑剤を、色見本と共に撮影する工程と、
撮影した前記色見本の画像情報を基に、撮影した前記潤滑剤のみ又は前記溶剤で希釈した前記潤滑剤の画像情報から、前記潤滑剤の劣化状態を判定する工程と、
を有する、潤滑剤劣化検出方法。 - 前記色見本の画像情報におけるホワイトバランスを基に、撮影した前記潤滑剤のみ又は前記溶剤で希釈した前記潤滑剤の画像情報におけるホワイトバランスを補正し、
補正した前記画像情報から、前記潤滑剤の劣化状態を判定する、請求項8に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。 - 前記撮像装置が、ホワイトバランス補正機能を備える、請求項8又は9に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
- 前記撮像装置が、デジタルカメラ又はカメラ付き携帯端末である、請求項10に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
- 前記潤滑剤が、潤滑油又はグリースである、請求項8又は9に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
- 前記溶剤が、有機溶媒、灯油類又はガソリン類を含む、請求項8又は9に記載の潤滑剤劣化検出方法。
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