WO2022246888A1 - 5g基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

5g基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022246888A1
WO2022246888A1 PCT/CN2021/098104 CN2021098104W WO2022246888A1 WO 2022246888 A1 WO2022246888 A1 WO 2022246888A1 CN 2021098104 W CN2021098104 W CN 2021098104W WO 2022246888 A1 WO2022246888 A1 WO 2022246888A1
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strength
composite material
toughness
situ
aluminum
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French (fr)
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赵玉涛
怯喜周
陈刚
彭艳杰
陶然
梁向锋
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江苏大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
    • C22B9/026—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves by acoustic waves, e.g. supersonic waves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
    • C22C1/1052—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites by mixing and casting metal matrix composites with reaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent

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  • the invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material, in particular to an aluminum-based composite material with high strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy welding for 5G base stations and a preparation method thereof.
  • the current inflatable aluminum heat dissipation substrate is a new type of phase change efficient heat dissipation structure.
  • the hollow aluminum plate shell is manufactured through flow channel printing, stacked cold welding, inflation molding and other processes, and then vacuum perfused through the phase change working medium.
  • the substrate is prepared by welding and sealing, and its thermal conductivity can reach 50000W/(m*K), which is 5-10 times that of the traditional copper/aluminum extruded heat dissipation substrate. It is a new application in 5G base stations.
  • the strength and thermal conductivity of the commonly used 3003 aluminum alloy are low, and the airtightness of the cavity of the phase change working medium after stack rolling and cold welding is low, which has become the main problem facing the current aluminum materials for inflatable heat dissipation substrates.
  • the invention patent with the application number "CN201910691412.7” reports "a method for preparing an inflatable water-cooled plate and the composite plate used”. Regulate and refine the alloy grains, and improve the basic cold weldability and yield of stack rolling through strict temperature and time control; however, the introduction of a large number of alloying elements will reduce the thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and plastic toughness of the alloy, and a single Ti element The ability to refine grains is limited, and the high rolling temperature leads to extremely rapid growth of grains, which is unfavorable to the thermal conductivity and formability of the alloy. Therefore, it is imminent to develop aluminum materials and preparation technologies for new 5G base station inflatable heat dissipation substrates.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art, and propose a high-strength, high-toughness, high-thermal conductivity, easy-to-weld aluminum-based composite material for 5G base stations and a preparation method. It is characterized in that through chemical composition design, in-situ nano particle strengthening, refinement, rare earth microalloying technology and the developed and designed electromagnetic ultrasonic control twin-roll continuous casting and rolling device, the aluminum matrix composite with high strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy welding for 5G base stations is prepared. Material strip.
  • the high-strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy-welding aluminum matrix composite material for the 5G base station is characterized in that the present invention adopts chemical composition design, in-situ nanoparticle strengthening and refinement, rare earth microalloying technology, and developed and designed electromagnetic ultrasonic control dual
  • the roller continuous casting and rolling device is used to prepare aluminum-based composite casting and rolling strips with high strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy welding for 5G base stations.
  • Aluminum matrix composite casting strip contains the following components (mass percentage): Si 1.0-1.5, Fe 0.6-1.0, Cu 0.05-0.2, Mn 1.0-2.0, Zr 0.5-1.0, Ti 0.5-1.0, B 0.5-2.0 , O 0.2-1.0, Er 0.05-0.3, Sc 0.05-0.3, Y 0.1-0.5, Zn ⁇ 0.5, Mg ⁇ 0.5, Cr ⁇ 0.5, and the rest are Al.
  • the high-strength, high-toughness, high-thermal conductivity, and easy-to-weld aluminum matrix composite material for 5G base stations is characterized in that: the chemical composition design is to increase the Si content to 1.0-1.5wt.% on the basis of the traditional 3003 aluminum alloy used for heat dissipation substrates , to further reduce the melting point of the alloy, and at the same time add Zr, Ti, B, O, Er, Sc, Y to the alloy to achieve in-situ nanoparticle strengthening and refinement, rare earth microalloying, refine the matrix grains, and improve Alloy toughness and stack weldability.
  • the high-strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy-weldable aluminum matrix composite material for 5G base stations is characterized in that: the in-situ nano particle strengthening and refinement is achieved by reacting in-situ reaction powder with Al melt to generate high hardness and high thermal conductivity , Low expansion nano ZrB 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiB 2 ceramic particles.
  • nano-ceramic particles can serve as the heterogeneous nucleation core of ⁇ -Al, significantly refine the matrix grains, and finally distribute in the grain/grain boundary, and improve the strength and toughness of the composite material through the interaction with dislocations;
  • the nano-ceramic particles synthesized in situ efficiently refine the matrix grains, significantly increase the grain boundary content, and reduce the cold welding temperature of stack rolling.
  • the size of the nanoparticles is 10-100nm, and the content of the nanoparticles is 1-15% of the volume of the composite material.
  • the in-situ reaction powder is Co 3 O 4 , K 2 ZrF 6 , K 2 TiF 6 , KBF 4 , Na 2 B 4 O 7 , ZrO 2 , B 2 O 3 and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Two or more.
  • the high-strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy-to-weld aluminum matrix composite material for 5G base stations is characterized in that: the rare earth microalloying is to add Sc, Er and Y rare earth elements to the composite material, and Al and Zr elements in the matrix
  • the dispersed nano-Al 3 Er, Al 3 Sc, Al 3 (Er+Zr), Al 3 (Sc+Zr), Al 3 Y rare earth precipitates are formed in the grains, which significantly improves the strength and work hardening ability of the composite material, and Good ductility is obtained; at the same time, the addition of rare earth elements can also purify the melt, eliminate pore inclusions, improve the wettability of in-situ nano-ceramic particles, promote the spheroidization of in-situ nano-ceramic particles, and realize the in-situ nano-ceramic particles and rare earth Synergistic coupling strengthening of elements.
  • the high-strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy-to-weld aluminum matrix composite material for 5G base stations is characterized in that: the grain size of the cast-rolled strip of the aluminum matrix composite material is ⁇ 60 ⁇ m, the tensile strength is ⁇ 250 MPa, the yield strength is ⁇ 120 MPa, and the elongation is ⁇ 20%.
  • the high-strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy-to-weld aluminum-based composite material for the 5G base station is characterized in that: the thermal conductivity of the cast-rolled strip of the aluminum-based composite material is ⁇ 250W/(m*K), which is higher than that of the 3003 aluminum alloy (190W/ (m*K)) increased by more than 30%.
  • the high-strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy-welding aluminum matrix composite material for 5G base stations is characterized in that: the rolling welding temperature of the cast-rolled strip of the aluminum matrix composite material is ⁇ 500°C, and due to the in-situ nano ceramic particles and rare earth nano The existence of the dispersed phase effectively inhibits the growth of grains during the welding process of stack rolling, and realizes the high strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy welding of the composite material strip.
  • the above-mentioned method for preparing a high-strength, high-toughness, high-thermal conductivity, and easy-to-weld aluminum matrix composite material for 5G base stations is characterized in that it is prepared by using a designed electromagnetic ultrasonic control twin-roll continuous casting and rolling device, and the specific steps include:
  • the electromagnetic ultrasonic control twin-roll continuous casting and rolling device includes a spiral magnetic field, a degassing system, a filtering system, a liquid level control launder, a high-energy ultrasonic device, a casting nozzle, a casting and rolling machine, and a coiling machine, as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the spiral magnetic field is arranged around the molten pool of the degassing system for non-contact spiral electromagnetic stirring of the melt;
  • the degassing system is composed of a molten pool and a hollow suspended rotor, used for degassing of the melt and in-situ reaction powder Blowing into the melt, the degassing system is connected with the filter system, the filter system is connected with the liquid level control flow tank, and the high-energy ultrasonic device is arranged in the liquid level control flow tank at the front of the casting nozzle to promote the uniformity of the in-situ nano-reinforcement. Dispersion and homogenization of melt composition; the rear end of the casting nozzle is arranged in turn with a casting rolling machine and a coiling machine.
  • a ceramic filter screen is provided in the filter system.
  • a shearing machine is provided at the rear end of the casting-rolling machine, and a spraying system is provided at one side of the casting-rolling machine.
  • the preparation method of the high strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy-welding aluminum matrix composite material for 5G base stations is characterized in that: in the step (2), the in-situ reaction temperature is 850-900°C, and the reaction time is 20-30min. In the above step (1), Ar gas with a purity of 99.99% is used for degassing, and the rotation speed of the suspension blowing rotor is 300-400 r/min.
  • the preparation method of the high strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy-welding aluminum matrix composite material for 5G base station is characterized in that: in the step (2), the frequency of the helical magnetic field is 15-30Hz, and the strength is 0.3-0.5T.
  • the high-strength, toughness, high-thermal conductivity, easy-to-weld aluminum-based composite material for 5G base stations and its preparation device are characterized in that: in the step (3), a rare earth intermediate alloy is added, which is based on Al-20Er, Al-5Sc, Al-10Y form to join.
  • the preparation method of the high strength, toughness, high thermal conductivity and easy-to-weld aluminum matrix composite material for the 5G base station is characterized in that: in the step (3), the high-energy ultrasonic, the ultrasonic power is 5-10kW, and the ultrasonic mode is continuous ultrasonic.
  • the preparation method of the high-strength, high-toughness, high-thermal-conductivity, and easy-to-weld aluminum-based composite material for 5G base stations is characterized in that: in the step (4), casting and rolling are carried out, and the temperature of the melt in the casting nozzle is kept at 700-720°C.
  • the present invention increases the content of Si element on the basis of the 3003 alloy to reduce the melting point of the grain boundary and reduce the cold welding temperature of stack rolling; in situ synthesis of high-strength, high-modulus, high-thermal-conductivity nano-ceramic reinforcement in the alloy as Al
  • the heterogeneous nucleation core refines the alloy grains, increases the grain boundary content of the alloy, and distributes in a large amount in the grain and grain boundary in the final solidified structure, so as to reduce the cold welding temperature of alloy stacking, improve air tightness, and inhibit recrystallization
  • the purpose of grain growth and improving the strength and toughness of the alloy is to add rare earth elements to the alloy to purify the melt, eliminate pore inclusions, improve the wettability of in-situ nano-ceramic particles, and promote the spheroidization of in-situ nano-ceramic particles. Refining the grains, improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy, forming a large number of nano-dispersed phases in the grain, and
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic ultrasonic control twin-roll continuous casting and rolling device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the characterization of the composite material prepared by the device designed in the present invention; (a) photo of metallographic structure; (b) scanning electron micrograph of in-situ nano-ceramic particles at the grain boundary; (c) transmission electron micrograph of intracrystalline rare earth nano-precipitated phase.
  • composition (mass percentage) of the composite material is as follows: Si 1.2, Fe 0.8, Cu 0.1, Mn 1.5, Zr 0.8, Ti 0.8, B 1.0, O 0.8, Er 0.2, Sc 0.2, Y 0.2, Zn 0.2, Mg 0.2, Cr 0.2, the rest is Al.
  • the microstructure of the cast-rolled composite strip is shown in Figure 2.
  • the test results show that the aluminum-based composite cast-rolled strip has a grain size of 53 ⁇ m, a tensile strength of 280 MPa, a yield strength of 140 MPa, an elongation of 22%, and a thermal conductivity of 253 W/(m*K), which is higher than that of the 3003 aluminum alloy (190 W/(m *K)) is increased by more than 30%, the cold welding temperature of stack rolling is 380°C, the grain size is further refined to 45 ⁇ m after stack rolling, the tensile strength is 300MPa, the yield strength is 162MPa, and the air tightness is good after inflation.
  • composition (mass percentage) of the composite material is as follows: Si 1.0, Fe 0.6, Cu 0.05, Mn 1.0, Zr 0.5, Ti 0.5, B 0.5, O 0.5, Er 0.05, Sc 0.05, Y 0.05, Zn 0.5, Mg 0.5, Cr 0.5, the rest is Al.
  • the test results show that the aluminum-based composite cast-rolled strip has a grain size of 58 ⁇ m, a tensile strength of 250MPa, a yield strength of 123MPa, an elongation of 26%, and a thermal conductivity of 251W/(m*K), which is higher than that of the 3003 aluminum alloy (190W/(m *K)) is increased by more than 30%, the cold welding temperature of stack rolling is 410°C, the grain size is further refined to 50 ⁇ m after stack rolling, the tensile strength is 267MPa, the yield strength is 134MPa, and the air tightness is good after inflation.
  • composition (mass percentage) of the composite material is as follows: Si 1.5, Fe 1.0, Cu 0.2, Mn 2.0, Zr 1.0, Ti 1.0, B 2.0, O 1.0, Er 0.3, Sc 0.3, Y 0.5, Zn 0.1, Mg 0.1, Gr 0.1, the rest is Al.
  • the test results show that the aluminum-based composite cast-rolled strip has a grain size of 45 ⁇ m, a tensile strength of 320 MPa, a yield strength of 183 MPa, an elongation of 20%, and a thermal conductivity of 250 W/(m*K), which is higher than that of 3003 aluminum alloy (190 W/(m *K)) is increased by more than 30%, the cold welding temperature of stack rolling is 350°C, the grain size is further refined to 40 ⁇ m after stack rolling, the tensile strength is 345MPa, the yield strength is 197MPa, and the air tightness is good after inflation.

Abstract

铝基复合材料，特指5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料及制备方法。通过化学成分设计、原位纳米颗粒强化、细化，稀土微合金化技术以及开发设计的电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置，制备5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接的铝基复合材料带材。采用该技术制备的复合材料带材，晶粒细小、晶内包含纳米稀土析出相、晶界包含高导热的原位纳米陶瓷颗粒，显著提高合金室温强韧性和导热性的同时，由于低熔点的合金成分设计和晶粒显著细化导致的晶界含量提高、有效提高了合金带材的叠轧冷焊性。

Description

5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料及制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及铝基复合材料，特指5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料及制备方法。
背景技术
随着第五代移动通信技术(5G技术)的发展和应用，5G基站有源天线单元的功耗是4G基站的3倍(单个达到了1300W)，高功耗对散热基板材料导热率和设计制造的要求也越来越高。当前吹胀型铝质散热基板是一种新型的相变高效散热结构，通过流道印刷、叠轧冷焊、吹胀成型等工艺制造出中空铝质板壳，然后通过相变工作介质真空灌注和焊接密封来制备基板，其导热系数可达50000W/(m*K)，为传统铜质/铝质挤压型散热基板的5-10倍，是在5G基站上的全新应用。然而，常用的3003铝合金的强度和导热系数偏低，且叠轧冷焊后相变工作介质型腔气密性低，成为当前吹胀型散热基板用铝材面临的主要问题。
通过成分调控提高合金强度，通过晶粒细化和升高叠轧冷焊温度提高气密性，是当前提高吹胀型铝质散热基板性能和成品率的主要方法。申请号为“CN201910691412.7”的发明专利报道了“一种吹胀式水冷板及所用复合板材的制备方法”，此方法通过Mn、Fe、Cu的成分调整提高合金的强度，通过Ti元素的调控细化合金晶粒，通过严格的温度和时间控制提高基本的叠轧冷焊性和成品率；然而，大量合金元素的引入会降低合金的导热性、耐蚀性和塑韧性，单一Ti元素细化晶粒能力有限，高的叠轧温度导致晶粒极速长大，对合金的导热性、成形性不利。因此，开发新型5G基站吹胀型散热基板用铝材及制备技术迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对现有技术的不足，提出了5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料及制备方法。其特征在于通过化学成分设计、原位纳米颗粒强化、细化，稀土微合金化技术以及开发设计的电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置，制备5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接的铝基复合材料带材。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于，本发明通过化学成分设计、原位纳米颗粒强化、细化，稀土微合金化技术以及开发设计的电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置，制备5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接的铝基复 合材料铸轧带材。铝基复合材料铸轧带材包含以下成分(质量百分比):Si 1.0-1.5，Fe 0.6-1.0，Cu 0.05-0.2，Mn 1.0-2.0，Zr 0.5-1.0，Ti 0.5-1.0，B 0.5-2.0，O 0.2-1.0，Er 0.05-0.3，Sc 0.05-0.3，Y 0.1-0.5，Zn≤0.5，Mg≤0.5，Cr≤0.5，其余为Al。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于：所述的化学成分设计，是在传统散热基板用3003铝合金的基础提高Si的含量至1.0-1.5wt.％，以进一步降低合金的熔点，同时在合金中添加Zr、Ti、B、O、Er、Sc、Y，以实现原位纳米颗粒强化、细化，稀土微合金化，细化基体晶粒、提高合金的强韧性和叠轧可焊性。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于：所述的原位纳米颗粒强化、细化，是通过原位反应粉末与Al熔体反应生成高硬度、高导热、低膨胀的纳米ZrB 2、Al 2O 3、TiB 2陶瓷颗粒。一方面，纳米陶瓷颗粒可以作为α-Al的异质形核核心，显著细化基体晶粒，且在最终分布于晶内/晶界，通过与位错的交互作用提高复合材料的强韧性；另一方面，原位合成的纳米陶瓷颗粒高效细化基体晶粒，显著提高晶界含量，降低叠轧冷焊温度。所述的纳米颗粒尺寸为10-100nm，纳米颗粒含量为复合材料体积的1-15％。所述的原位反应粉末为Co 3O 4，K 2ZrF 6，K 2TiF 6，KBF 4，Na 2B 4O 7，ZrO 2，B 2O 3和Al 2(SO 4) 3中的两种至多种。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于：所述的稀土微合金化是在复合材料中复合添加Sc，Er和Y稀土元素，与Al和Zr元素在基体晶粒内形成弥散的纳米Al 3Er、Al 3Sc、Al 3(Er+Zr)、Al 3(Sc+Zr)、Al 3Y稀土析出相，显著提高复合材料的强度和加工硬化能力，并获得良好的延展性；同时稀土元素的加入还可净化熔体、消除气孔夹杂、改善原位纳米陶瓷颗粒的润湿性、促进原位纳米陶瓷颗粒球化，实现了原位纳米陶瓷颗粒与稀土元素的协同耦合强韧化。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于：所述铝基复合材料铸轧带材的晶粒≤60μm，抗拉强度≥250MPa，屈服强度≥120MPa，延伸率≥20％。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于：所述铝基复合材料铸轧带材的导热系数≥250W/(m*K)，较3003铝合金(190W/(m*K))提高30％以上。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于：所述铝基复合材料铸轧带材的叠轧焊接温度≤500℃，且由于原位纳米陶瓷颗粒和稀土纳米弥散相的存在，有效抑制了叠轧焊接过程中晶粒的长大，实现了复合材料带材的高强韧高导热易焊接。
上述的一种5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，采用设计的电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置制备，具体步骤包括：
(1)原位反应粉末通过除气系统的气流通道均匀悬吹入铝熔体中；
(2)在螺旋磁场的无接触搅拌作用下原位合成纳米陶瓷颗粒；
(3)然后加入稀土中间合金均匀复合获得复合材料熔体，并借助高能超声提高熔体中原位纳米陶瓷颗粒和稀土元素的均匀分布；
(4)最后通过铸轧获得复合材料带材。
所述电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置包括螺旋磁场、除气系统、过滤系统、液面控制流槽、高能超声装置、铸嘴、铸轧机和卷带机，如附图1所示。其中，螺旋磁场布置于除气系统熔池周围，用于无接触的熔体螺旋电磁搅拌；除气系统由熔池和中空的悬吹转子组成、用于熔体的除气和原位反应粉末吹入熔体中，除气系统与过滤系统连通，过滤系统与液面控制流槽连通，高能超声装置布置于铸嘴前端的液面控制流槽中、用于促进原位纳米增强体的均匀分散和熔体成分的均匀化；铸嘴后端依次布置铸轧机和卷带机。
进一步地，过滤系统中设有陶瓷过滤网。
进一步地，铸轧机后端设有剪切机，铸轧机一侧设有喷涂系统。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中，原位反应温度为850-900℃，反应时间为20-30min，所述步骤(1)中，除气采用纯度为99.99％的Ar气，悬吹转子转速为300-400r/min。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中螺旋磁场频率为15-30Hz，强度为0.3-0.5T。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料及其制备装置，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中加入稀土中间合金，是以Al-20Er、Al-5Sc、Al-10Y的形式加入。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中高能超声，超声功率为5-10kW，超声方式为连续超声。
所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中铸轧，铸嘴中熔体温度保持在700-720℃。
本发明在3003合金的基础上提高Si元素的含量，以降低晶界的熔点，降低叠轧冷焊温度；在合金中原位合成高强度、高模量、高导热的纳米陶瓷增强体作为Al的异质形核核心细化合金晶粒、提高合金晶界含量、并在最终的凝固组织中大量分布于晶内和晶界，达到降低合金叠轧冷焊温度、提高气密性、抑制再结晶晶粒长大、提高合金强韧性的目的；在合金中复合添加稀土元素，来净化熔体、消除气孔夹杂、改善原位纳米陶瓷颗粒的润湿性、促进原位纳米陶瓷颗粒球化，高效细化晶粒、提高合金耐蚀性、在晶内形成大量纳米弥散相，显著提高合金的综合性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置示意图。
图2为通过本发明设计装置制备的复合材料表征；(a)金相组织照片；(b)晶界原位纳米陶瓷颗粒扫描电镜照片；(c)晶内稀土纳米析出相透射电镜照片。
具体实施方式
本发明可以根据以下示例实施，但是不限于以下实例；在本发明中所使用的属于，除非有另外的说明，一般具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义；应理解，这些实施例只是为了举例说明本发明，而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围；在以下的实施例中，未详细描述的各种过程和方法是本领域中公知的常规方法。
实施实例1
复合材料包含成分(质量百分比)如下:Si 1.2，Fe 0.8，Cu 0.1，Mn 1.5，Zr 0.8，Ti 0.8，B 1.0，O 0.8，Er 0.2，Sc 0.2，Y 0.2，Zn 0.2，Mg 0.2，Cr 0.2，其余为Al。
在工业天然气熔炼炉中，加入工业纯铝锭5T，熔化至870℃并保温，然后称量并加入Al-20Si、Al-20Cr、Fe剂(含量70％)、Mn剂(含量70％)、纯Cu、纯Zn，纯Mg等调整合金成分至设计值；倾转注入电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置的保温炉中(850℃)，启动搅拌除气系统和电磁搅拌系统，借助纯度为99.99％的Ar气，从除气管道中吹入称量并干燥好的K 2ZrF 6、K 2TiF 6、KBF 4和Na 2B 4O 7混合粉末，与Al熔体原位生成纳米ZrB 2、Al 2O 3、TiB 2陶瓷颗粒，混合粉末吹入熔体的总时间为30min，悬吹转子搅拌转速为350r/min，电磁搅拌频率为30Hz， 强度为0.5T；原位反应结束后，加入Al-10Zr，Al-5Sc，Al-20Er，Al-10Y中间合金，调整和金成分至设计值并保温静置15min；通过陶瓷过滤网过滤后，导入液面控制保温流槽中，控制温度在710℃，启动高能超声发生装置，超声功率为5kW，进行连续超声以提高熔体内部原位纳米陶瓷增强体的均匀性；然后通过铸轧机生产成2cm后的复合材料带材。铸轧复合材料带材组织如图2所示。测试结果表明该铝基复合材料铸轧带材的晶粒53μm，抗拉强度280MPa，屈服强度140MPa，延伸率22％，导热系数253W/(m*K)，较3003铝合金(190W/(m*K))提高30％以上，叠轧冷焊温度380℃，叠轧后晶粒尺寸进一步细化至45μm，抗拉强度300MPa，屈服强度162MPa，吹胀后气密性良好。
实施实例2
复合材料包含成分(质量百分比)如下:Si 1.0，Fe 0.6，Cu 0.05，Mn 1.0，Zr 0.5，Ti 0.5，B 0.5，O 0.5，Er 0.05，Sc 0.05，Y 0.05，Zn 0.5，Mg 0.5，Cr 0.5，其余为Al。
在工业天然气熔炼炉中，加入工业纯铝锭5T，熔化至900℃并保温，然后称量并加入Al-20Si、Al-20Cr、Fe剂(含量70％)、Mn剂(含量70％)、纯Cu、纯Zn，纯Mg等调整合金成分至设计值；倾转注入电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置的保温炉中(870℃)，启动搅拌除气系统和电磁搅拌系统，借助纯度为99.99％的Ar气，从除气管道中吹入称量并干燥好的K 2ZrF 6、K 2TiF 6、KBF 4和Na 2B 4O 7混合粉末，与Al熔体原位生成纳米ZrB 2、Al 2O 3、TiB 2陶瓷颗粒，混合粉末吹入熔体的总时间为20min，悬吹转子搅拌转速为400r/min，电磁搅拌频率为20Hz，强度为0.3T；原位反应结束后，加入Al-10Zr，Al-5Sc，Al-20Er，Al-10Y中间合金，调整和金成分至设计值并保温静置15min；通过陶瓷过滤网过滤后，导入液面控制保温流槽中，控制温度在700℃，启动高能超声发生装置，超声功率为5kW，进行连续超声以提高熔体内部原位纳米陶瓷增强体的均匀性；然后通过铸轧机生产成2cm后的复合材料带材。测试结果表明该铝基复合材料铸轧带材的晶粒58μm，抗拉强度250MPa，屈服强度123MPa，延伸率26％，导热系数251W/(m*K)，较3003铝合金(190W/(m*K))提高30％以上，叠轧冷焊温度410℃，叠轧后晶粒尺寸进一步细化至50μm，抗拉强度267MPa，屈服强度134MPa，吹胀后气密性良好。
实施实例3
复合材料包含成分(质量百分比)如下:Si 1.5，Fe 1.0，Cu 0.2，Mn 2.0，Zr 1.0，Ti 1.0，B 2.0，O 1.0，Er 0.3，Sc 0.3，Y 0.5，Zn 0.1，Mg 0.1，Gr 0.1，其余为Al。
在工业天然气熔炼炉中，加入工业纯铝锭5T，熔化之900℃并保温，然后称量并加入Al-20Si、Al-20Cr、Fe剂(含量70％)、Mn剂(含量70％)、纯Cu、纯Zn，纯Mg等调整合金成分至设计值；倾转注入电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置的保温炉中(890℃)，启动搅拌除气系统和电磁搅拌系统，借助纯度为99.99％的Ar气，从除气管道中吹入称量并干燥好的K 2ZrF 6、K 2TiF 6、KBF 4和Na 2B 4O 7混合粉末，与Al熔体原位生成纳米ZrB 2、Al 2O 3、TiB 2陶瓷颗粒，混合粉末吹入熔体的总时间为25min，悬吹转子搅拌转速为350r/min，电磁搅拌频率为30Hz，强度为0.5T；原位反应结束后，加入Al-10Zr，Al-5Sc，Al-20Er，Al-10Y中间合金，调整和金成分至设计值并保温静置15min；通过陶瓷过滤网过滤后，导入液面控制保温流槽中，控制温度在730℃，启动高能超声发生装置，超声功率为10kW，进行连续超声以提高熔体内部原位纳米陶瓷增强体的均匀性；然后通过铸轧机生产成2cm后的复合材料带材。测试结果表明该铝基复合材料铸轧带材的晶粒45μm，抗拉强度320MPa，屈服强度183MPa，延伸率20％，导热系数250W/(m*K)，较3003铝合金(190W/(m*K))提高30％以上，叠轧冷焊温度350℃，叠轧后晶粒尺寸进一步细化至40μm，抗拉强度345MPa，屈服强度197MPa，吹胀后气密性良好。

Claims (9)

  1. 5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于，通过化学成分设计、原位纳米颗粒强化、细化，稀土微合金化技术以及电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置，制备5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接的铝基复合材料铸轧带材；铝基复合材料铸轧带材成分按照质量百分比计算为:Si 1.0-1.5，Fe 0.6-1.0，Cu 0.05-0.2，Mn 1.0-2.0，Zr 0.5-1.0，Ti 0.5-1.0，B 0.5-2.0，O 0.2-1.0，Er 0.05-0.3，Sc 0.05-0.3，Y 0.1-0.5，Zn≤0.5，Mg≤0.5，Cr≤0.5，其余为Al；所述铝基复合材料铸轧带材的晶粒≤60μm，抗拉强度≥250MPa，屈服强度≥120MPa，延伸率≥20％；所述铝基复合材料铸轧带材的导热系数≥250W/(m*K)，较3003铝合金的190W/(m*K)提高30％以上；所述铝基复合材料铸轧带材的叠轧焊接温度≤500℃。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于，所述的化学成分设计，是在3003铝合金的基础上提高Si的含量至1.0-1.5wt.％，以进一步降低合金的熔点，同时在合金中添加Zr、Ti、B、O、Er、Sc、Y，以实现原位纳米颗粒强化、细化，稀土微合金化，细化基体晶粒、提高合金的强韧性和叠轧可焊性。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于，所述的原位纳米颗粒强化、细化，是通过原位反应粉末与Al熔体反应生成高硬度、高导热、低膨胀的纳米ZrB 2、Al 2O 3、TiB 2陶瓷颗粒；一方面，纳米陶瓷颗粒可以作为α-Al的异质形核核心，显著细化基体晶粒，且在最终分布于晶内/晶界，通过与位错的交互作用提高复合材料的强韧性；另一方面，原位合成的纳米陶瓷颗粒高效细化基体晶粒，显著提高晶界含量，降低叠轧冷焊温度；所述的原位纳米颗粒尺寸为10-100nm，原位纳米颗粒含量为高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料体积的1-15％；所述的原位反应粉末为Co 3O 4，K 2ZrF 6，K 2TiF 6，KBF 4，Na 2B 4O 7，ZrO 2，B 2O 3和Al 2(SO 4) 3中的两种至多种。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料，其特征在于，所述的稀土微合金化是在复合材料中复合添加Sc，Er和Y稀土元素，与Al和Zr元素在基体晶粒内形成弥散的纳米Al 3Er、Al 3Sc、Al 3(Er+Zr)、Al 3(Sc+Zr)、Al 3Y稀土析出相，显著提高复合材料的强度和加工硬化能力，并获得良好的延展性；同时稀土元素的加入还可净化熔体、消除气孔夹杂、改善原位纳米陶瓷颗粒的润湿性、促进原位纳米陶瓷颗粒球化，实现了原位纳米陶瓷颗粒与稀土元素的协同耦合强韧化。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，采用电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置制备，具体步骤包括：
    (1)原位反应粉末通过除气系统的气流通道均匀悬吹入铝熔体中；
    (2)在螺旋磁场的无接触搅拌作用下原位合成纳米陶瓷颗粒；
    (3)然后加入稀土中间合金均匀复合获得复合材料熔体，并借助高能超声提高熔体中原位纳米陶瓷颗粒和稀土元素的均匀分布；
    (4)最后通过铸轧获得复合材料带材。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述电磁超声调控双辊连铸轧装置包括螺旋磁场、除气系统、过滤系统、液面控制流槽、高能超声装置、铸嘴、铸轧机和卷带机，其中，螺旋磁场布置于除气系统熔池周围，用于无接触的熔体螺旋电磁搅拌；除气系统由熔池和中空的悬吹转子组成、用于熔体的除气和原位反应粉末吹入熔体中，除气系统与过滤系统连通，过滤系统与液面控制流槽连通，高能超声装置布置于铸嘴前端的液面控制流槽中、用于促进原位纳米增强体的均匀分散和熔体成分的均匀化；铸嘴后端依次布置铸轧机和卷带机。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，过滤系统中设有陶瓷过滤网；铸轧机后端设有剪切机，铸轧机一侧设有喷涂系统。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，除气采用纯度为99.99％的Ar气，悬吹转子转速为300-400r/min；所述步骤(2)中，原位反应温度为850-900℃，反应时间为20-30min，螺旋磁场频率为15-30Hz，强度为0.3-0.5T；所述步骤(3)中，加入稀土中间合金，是以Al-20Er、Al-5Sc、Al-10Y的形式加入；高能超声，超声功率为5-10kW，超声方式为连续超声。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的5G基站用高强韧高导热易焊接铝基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中，铸轧铸嘴中熔体温度保持在700-720℃。
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