WO2022239454A1 - 有価金属の製造方法 - Google Patents
有価金属の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022239454A1 WO2022239454A1 PCT/JP2022/011406 JP2022011406W WO2022239454A1 WO 2022239454 A1 WO2022239454 A1 WO 2022239454A1 JP 2022011406 W JP2022011406 W JP 2022011406W WO 2022239454 A1 WO2022239454 A1 WO 2022239454A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slag
- metal
- molten metal
- valuable
- manganese
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910020637 Co-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical class [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical class [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/18—Reducing step-by-step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing valuable metals from raw materials such as waste lithium ion batteries.
- lithium-ion batteries have become popular as lightweight, high-output secondary batteries.
- waste lithium ion batteries are melted in a high-temperature furnace, and valuable metals such as nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and copper (Cu) are removed while controlling oxidation-reduction. (hereinafter also referred to as "alloy”) has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 in a method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries, by providing a preliminary oxidation step in which oxidation treatment is performed prior to the pyrometallurgical step, stability in the melting step, which has been difficult in the past, is improved.
- a method for recovering valuable metals stably with a high recovery rate is disclosed.
- the molten metal obtained in the melting process contains Mn
- a method for separating the Mn from the molten metal is not disclosed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently separating manganese contained in the raw material from metal into slag.
- the present inventors have made extensive studies to solve the above-described problems. As a result, in the process of oxidation refining for removing manganese impurities from the molten metal obtained by the reduction melting treatment, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) as a flux is generated, and the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO in the slag to be generated is a specific value.
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- the present inventors have found that manganese can be efficiently separated and removed while recovering metals at a high recovery rate by adding manganese within the range, and have completed the present invention.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a valuable metal from a raw material containing at least lithium, manganese, and a valuable metal, wherein the raw material is subjected to a reduction melting treatment to obtain a valuable
- an oxidative refining step of adding and performing an oxidative melting treatment wherein in the oxidative refining step, the SiO 2 is fluxed so that the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO in the slag is 0.4 or more and 1.0 or less. It is a method for producing valuable metals, which is added as
- a second aspect of the present invention is the method for producing a valuable metal according to the first aspect, wherein the manganese content in the raw material is 15% by mass or less.
- a third invention of the present invention is the first or second invention, further comprising a preheating step of heating and oxidizing roasting the raw material, and in the reduction melting step, after oxidizing roasting, It is a method for producing a valuable metal, in which the raw material is subjected to the reduction melting treatment.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a valuable metal according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the raw material includes waste lithium ion batteries.
- this embodiment An embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “this embodiment") will be described below.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications are possible without changing the gist of the present invention.
- the method for producing valuable metals according to the present embodiment is a method for separating and recovering valuable metals from raw materials containing at least lithium, manganese, and valuable metals. Therefore, it can also be called a recovery method for valuable metals.
- the method according to the present embodiment is mainly a method by a pyrometallurgical process, but may be composed of a pyrometallurgical process and a hydrometallurgical process.
- raw materials containing at least lithium, manganese, and valuable metals include raw materials containing waste lithium-ion batteries.
- a positive electrode material that constitutes a lithium-ion battery contains oxides of nickel and cobalt in addition to lithium.
- Waste lithium-ion batteries refers not only to used lithium-ion batteries, but also to defective products such as positive electrode materials that make up the battery during the manufacturing process, residues inside the manufacturing process, and lithium-ion waste such as generated scraps. This is a concept that includes waste materials in the battery manufacturing process. Therefore, waste lithium ion batteries can also be called lithium ion battery waste materials.
- valuable metals that can be recovered from raw materials refer to at least nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co).
- Ni nickel
- Co cobalt
- examples of valuable metals include nickel, cobalt, copper (Cu), and the like, and alloys made of a combination of nickel, cobalt, and copper. be done.
- the content of each valuable metal contained in the waste lithium ion battery is not particularly limited. For example, it may contain 10% by mass or more of copper.
- Raw materials including waste lithium-ion batteries and the like contain manganese (Mn), which is an impurity in the above-described valuable metals separated and recovered from the raw materials.
- Mn manganese
- the method for producing a valuable metal includes a reduction melting step of subjecting a raw material to a reduction melting treatment to obtain a reduced product containing molten metal containing a valuable metal and slag; It has at least a slag separation step of recovering the molten metal from the slag, and an oxidative refining step of refining the molten metal by subjecting the recovered molten metal to an oxidative melting treatment.
- silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) is added as a flux in the oxidative refining step to perform an oxidative melting treatment, and the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO in the generated slag is 0.4. It is characterized in that SiO 2 is added so as to be 1.0 or less.
- Manganese oxide (MnO) in “SiO 2 /MnO” is a compound produced by oxidizing manganese, an impurity contained in the molten metal, by oxidizing and melting the molten metal.
- manganese can be effectively distributed to the slag, and the entrainment of metal in the slag can be reduced to prevent a decrease in the recovery rate of valuable metals.
- the molten metal containing manganese contains iron (Fe) as an impurity.
- Fe iron
- the amount of SiO 2 as a flux when the amount of addition is such that the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO is less than 0.4, the melting point of the generated slag rises, and when the operating temperature is the same, increases the viscosity of the slag and increases the entrainment of the slag into the metal. Also, even when the added amount is such that the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO exceeds 1.0, the melting point of the slag to be produced rises, and the viscosity of the slag increases when the operating temperature is the same. Entrainment of slag into metal increases. In addition, an increase in the amount of SiO 2 added as a flux increases the cost of using the flux, or an increase in the amount of slag entails an increase in slag treatment cost.
- manganese contained in the raw materials can be removed from the metal into slag without lowering the recovery rate of the valuable metals. can be separated efficiently.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an example of the flow of a method for producing valuable metals according to the present embodiment.
- the method for producing valuable metals includes a waste battery pretreatment step S1 for removing the electrolytic solution and the outer can of the waste lithium ion battery, and a pulverization step S2 for pulverizing the contents of the battery into pulverized products.
- a preheating step also referred to as "oxidizing roasting step”
- S3 for preheating the pulverized material as necessary, and a molten metal containing valuable metals and slag by subjecting the pulverized material to reduction melting treatment.
- a melting step S4 for obtaining a reduced product also referred to as a “reduction melting step”
- a slag separation step S5 for separating slag from the reduced product and recovering the molten metal, and subjecting the recovered molten metal to oxidative melting treatment.
- an oxidative refining step S6 for refining the molten metal.
- the amount (content) of manganese contained in the raw materials is preferably 15% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of raw materials. If the manganese content exceeds 15% by mass, the melting point of the CaO—Li 2 O—Al 2 O 3 system slag is raised in the melting step S4 described later, and the inclusion of valuable metals in the slag generated at this time is increased. resulting in a lower recovery of valuable metals in obtaining molten metal.
- the lower limit of the content of manganese is preferably 5% by mass or more relative to the total amount of raw materials. If the manganese content is less than 5% by mass, the amount of waste lithium-ion batteries containing manganese as an impurity will be limited, and there is a possibility that the treatment efficiency will decrease.
- the waste battery pretreatment step S1 is performed for the purpose of preventing the waste lithium ion battery from exploding or rendering it harmless, removing the outer can, etc., when recovering valuable metals from the waste lithium ion battery.
- waste lithium ion batteries such as used lithium ion batteries are closed systems, and contain electrolytic solution, etc. inside. be. Therefore, it is necessary to perform discharge treatment and electrolyte removal treatment in some way.
- electrolytic solution By removing the electrolytic solution and the outer can in the waste battery pretreatment step S1 in this way, the safety can be improved and the recovery productivity of valuable metals such as copper, nickel, and cobalt can be improved.
- the specific pretreatment method is not particularly limited, but for example, by physically opening the battery with a needle-like cutting edge, the internal electrolyte can be drained and removed. Alternatively, the waste lithium ion battery may be heated as it is and the electrolyte may be burned to render it harmless.
- the exterior cans that make up the battery are often made of metals such as aluminum and iron. It becomes possible to For example, when recovering aluminum or iron contained in the outer can, the removed outer can can be pulverized and then sieved using a sieve shaker. In the case of aluminum, even light pulverization easily turns into powder and can be efficiently recovered. It is also possible to recover the iron contained in the outer can by magnetic sorting.
- the battery content obtained through the waste battery pretreatment step S1 is pulverized to obtain a pulverized material.
- the treatment in the pulverization step S2 is performed for the purpose of increasing the reaction efficiency in the pyrometallurgical process in the subsequent steps, and by increasing the reaction efficiency, the recovery rate of valuable metals such as copper, nickel, and cobalt can be increased. can be done.
- the method of pulverization is not particularly limited, but the contents of the battery can be pulverized using a conventionally known pulverizer such as a cutter mixer.
- a preheating step S3 is provided as necessary for the pulverized waste lithium ion battery that has undergone the pulverizing step S2, and the pulverized product can be heated to a predetermined temperature for oxidation roasting.
- impurities contained in the content of the battery can be volatilized or thermally decomposed and removed.
- the preheating step S3 for example, it is preferable to oxidize and roast by heating at a temperature of 700°C or higher (preheating temperature).
- preheating temperature By setting the preheating temperature to 700° C. or higher, the efficiency of removing impurities contained in the battery can be enhanced.
- the upper limit of the preheating temperature is preferably 900° C. or less, which can reduce heat energy costs and improve processing efficiency.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
- an oxidizing agent This makes it possible to efficiently oxidize and remove carbon among the impurities contained in the content of the battery, and to oxidize aluminum.
- the molten fine particles of the valuable metal that are locally generated in the subsequent melting step S4 can be aggregated without being physically hindered by carbon, so the alloy obtained as a melt can be integrated to facilitate recovery.
- the main elements constituting the waste lithium-ion battery are easily oxidized in the order of aluminum>lithium>carbon>manganese>phosphorus>iron>cobalt>nickel>copper due to the difference in affinity with oxygen.
- the oxidizing agent is not particularly limited, it is preferable to use an oxygen-containing gas such as air, pure oxygen, oxygen-enriched gas, etc. from the viewpoint of ease of handling. Also, the amount of the oxidizing agent to be introduced can be, for example, about 1.2 times the chemical equivalent required for oxidizing each substance to be oxidized.
- the pulverized waste lithium-ion battery is melted together with the flux (reduction melting) to obtain a reduced product composed of molten metal containing valuable metals and slag.
- impurity elements such as aluminum are included in the slag as oxides, and phosphorus is also taken into the flux and included in the slag.
- valuable metals such as copper, which are difficult to form oxides, can be melted and recovered from the melt as an integrated alloy (fused metal).
- melting alloy refers to an alloy in a molten state obtained from a melt.
- the flux preferably contains an element that takes in impurity elements and forms a basic oxide with a low melting point.
- an element that takes in impurity elements and forms a basic oxide with a low melting point.
- Phosphorus which is an impurity element, becomes an acidic oxide when oxidized. Therefore, the more basic the slag formed by the melting treatment, the easier it is to be incorporated into the slag.
- calcium oxide or calcium carbonate can be added.
- the melting step S4 may be performed in the presence of an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent in order to appropriately adjust the degree of oxidation-reduction when melting the waste lithium ion batteries.
- a known oxidant can be used.
- a solid oxidant may be added, or a gaseous oxidant may be introduced into the furnace.
- a known reducing agent can be used, but a reducing agent containing carbon atoms is preferable.
- a specific example of a reducing agent containing carbon atoms is graphite, which can reduce 2 mols of valuable metal oxides such as copper oxides and nickel oxides with 1 mol of carbon.
- hydrocarbons capable of reducing 2 mol to 4 mol of valuable metal oxide per 1 mol, carbon monoxide capable of reducing 1 mol of valuable metal oxide per mol, etc. are used as carbon supply sources. It can also be added. Therefore, by performing the reduction melting treatment in the presence of carbon as a reducing agent, the valuable metal can be efficiently reduced, and the molten metal containing the valuable metal can be obtained more effectively.
- the reduction treatment using carbon has the advantage of being extremely safe compared to the case of using the thermite reaction in which metal powder such as aluminum is used as a reducing agent.
- the heating temperature (melting temperature) in the melting treatment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1300°C or higher, more preferably 1350°C or higher.
- valuable metals such as copper, cobalt, and nickel are efficiently melted, and a molten metal is formed in a state of sufficiently enhanced fluidity. Therefore, it is possible to improve the separation efficiency between the valuable metal and the impurity component in the slag separation step S5, which will be described later.
- the heating temperature is less than 1300° C., the separation efficiency between valuable metals and impurities may be insufficient.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature in the melting treatment is preferably 1500° C. or less. If the heating temperature exceeds 1500° C., thermal energy is wasted and refractories such as crucibles and furnace walls are consumed rapidly, possibly reducing productivity.
- the fluidity of the molten material is low at the stage of reaching the heating temperature, and there is unmelted residue, so it is necessary to maintain the heating temperature for, for example, 30 minutes or more.
- slag separation process In the slag separation step S5, slag is separated from the reduced product obtained in the melting step S4 to recover molten metal containing valuable metals. As described above, the molten metal and slag, which are reduced products, are separated in the crucible due to the difference in their specific gravities, so the slag can be separated and the molten metal can be efficiently recovered.
- the recovered molten metal is subjected to an oxidative melting treatment to oxidize and remove impurities such as manganese, thereby refining the molten metal.
- the molten metal is heated to a temperature at which the molten state is maintained, and an oxidizing agent such as air is blown into the molten metal.
- an oxidizing agent such as air is blown into the molten metal.
- silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) is added as a flux to the molten metal to perform an oxidation melting treatment.
- SiO 2 is added so that the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO is 0.4 or more and 1.0 or less.
- the amount of SiO 2 added when the amount of SiO 2 added is such that the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO is less than 0.4, the melting point of the generated slag increases, and when the operating temperature is the same, The viscosity of the slag increases, and the entrainment of the slag in the metal increases. Also, even when the added amount is such that the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO exceeds 1.0, the melting point of the slag to be produced rises, and the viscosity of the slag increases when the operating temperature is the same. Entrainment of slag into metal increases. In addition, an increase in the amount of SiO 2 added as a flux increases the cost of using the flux, or an increase in the amount of slag entails an increase in slag treatment cost.
- the pulverized material after oxidizing roasting was put into an alumina crucible, and the heating temperature (reduction temperature) was set to 1400° C. to perform reduction melting treatment.
- the reduction melting treatment calcium oxide was added as a flux to the pulverized material.
- graphite powder was added as a reducing agent to adjust the degree of oxidation-reduction, and these were mixed.
- the reduction melting treatment the material was heated to a heating temperature in a resistance heating furnace, and after confirming that it was in a molten state with a measuring stick, it was held in a molten state for 40 minutes.
- SiO 2 was added in an amount such that the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO in the slag generated by oxidative melting was as shown in Table 1 below in each test.
- the oxidative melting treatment was performed using a crucible consisting of an MgO Tammann tube with an outer diameter of 40 mm, an inner diameter of 34 mm, and a height of 150 mm.
- the molten metal charged into this crucible was heated at a temperature of 1400° C., an alumina tube having an inner diameter of 5 mm and an outer diameter of 8 mm was inserted into the molten metal, and air was supplied from the alumina tube at a rate of 0.72 L/min.
- Manganese was removed by oxidation while blowing at the flow rate for 80 minutes. In addition, the amount of air was appropriately adjusted so as not to scatter the molten metal.
- Table 1 shows the manganese (Mn) quality in the metal obtained in each test and the recovery rate of the valuable metal (Ni--Co--Cu alloy).
- the recovery rate of valuable metals is the ratio of the amount of valuable metals (Ni-Co-Cu metals) obtained after treatment to the amount of valuable metals (Ni-Co-Cu metals) input to the oxidation refining process. Percentage.
- Example 2 As shown in Table 1, in Example 1, SiO 2 was added so that the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO in the slag produced in the oxidation refining process was 1.0 and 0.45, respectively. In Example 2, the yield of the obtained Ni--Co--Cu metal was the highest while lowering the manganese grade in the molten metal.
- Comparative Example 1 in which SiO 2 was not added as a flux
- Comparative Example 2 in which SiO 2 was added so that the weight ratio of SiO 2 /MnO in the slag was less than 0.4 and exceeded 1.0
- Comparative Example 3 the viscosity of the refined slag increased, entrainment of metal in the slag occurred, and the recovery rate of the obtained Ni-Co-Cu alloy decreased.
Abstract
Description
本実施の形態に係る有価金属の製造方法は、少なくとも、リチウム、マンガン、及び有価金属を含む原料からその有価金属を分離回収する方法である。したがって、有価金属の回収方法とも言い換えることができる。本実施の形態に係る方法は、主として乾式製錬プロセスによる方法であるが、乾式製錬プロセスと湿式製錬プロセスとから構成されていてもよい。
図1は、本実施の形態に係る有価金属の製造方法の流れの一例を示す工程図である。図1に示すように、有価金属の製造方法は、廃リチウムイオン電池の電解液及び外装缶を除去する廃電池前処理工程S1と、電池の内容物を粉砕して粉砕物とする粉砕工程S2と、粉砕物を必要に応じて予備加熱する予備加熱工程(「酸化焙焼工程」ともよぶ)S3と、粉砕物に対して還元熔融処理を施して有価金属を含む熔融メタルとスラグとを含む還元物を得る熔融工程(「還元熔融工程」ともよぶ)S4と、還元物からスラグを分離して熔融メタルを回収するスラグ分離工程S5と、回収した熔融メタルに対して酸化熔融処理を施すことによって熔融メタルを精製する酸化精製工程S6と、を有する。
廃電池前処理工程S1は、廃リチウムイオン電池から有価金属を回収するにあたり、廃リチウムイオン電池の爆発防止又は無害化、外装缶除去等を目的として行われる。
粉砕工程S2では、廃電池前処理工程S1を経て得られた電池内容物を粉砕して粉砕物を得る。粉砕工程S2における処理は、次工程以降の乾式製錬プロセスでの反応効率を高めることを目的として行われ、反応効率を高めることで、銅、ニッケル、コバルト等の有価金属の回収率を高めることができる。
粉砕工程S2を経た廃リチウムイオン電池の粉砕物に対し、必要に応じて予備加熱工程S3を設けて、所定の温度に加熱して酸化焙焼の処理を行うことができる。予備加熱工程S3において酸化焙焼の処理を行うことで、電池の内容物に含まれる不純物を揮発させ、又は熱分解させて除去することができる。
熔融工程(還元熔融工程)S4では、廃リチウムイオン電池の粉砕物を、フラックスと共に熔融(還元熔融)して、有価金属を含む熔融メタルとスラグとからなる還元物を得る。これにより、アルミニウム等の不純物元素は酸化物としてスラグに含まれるようになり、リンもフラックスに取り込まれてスラグに含まれるようになる。他方で、酸化物を形成し難い銅等の有価金属は熔融し、熔融物から一体化した合金(熔融合金)として回収できる。なお、「熔融合金」とは、熔融物から得られる熔融状態の合金をいう。
スラグ分離工程S5では、熔融工程S4において得られる還元物からからスラグを分離して有価金属を含む熔融メタルを回収する。還元物である熔融メタルとスラグとは、上述したように、坩堝内においてその比重の違いにより分離しているため、スラグを分離して効率的に熔融メタルを回収することができる。
酸化精製工程S6では、回収した熔融メタルに対して酸化熔融処理を施すことによってマンガン等の不純物を酸化除去し、熔融メタルを精製する。具体的に、酸化熔融処理においては、熔融メタルの熔融状態が保持される温度に加熱して行い、空気等の酸化剤を熔融メタルに吹き込むことによって行う。これにより、熔融メタルに含まれるマンガンをはじめとする不純物を酸化してスラグに効果的に分配させることができ、メタルを精製することができる。
(廃電池前処理工程)
少なくとも、リチウム、マンガン、及び有価金属を含む装入物として廃リチウムイオン電池(18650型円筒型電池、車載用の角形電池の使用済み電池、及び電池製造工程で回収した不良品)を含む原料を用意した。これらの廃リチウムイオン電池をまとめて塩水中に浸漬して放電させた後、水分を飛ばし、260℃の温度で大気中にて焙焼して電解液及び外装缶を分解除去し、電池内容物を得た。
次に、電池内容物を粉砕機(グッドカッター、株式会社氏家製作所製)により粉砕し、粉砕物を得た。
次に、得られた粉砕物をロータリーキルンに投入し、大気中において、800℃の予備加熱温度で180分間加熱して酸化焙焼した。
酸化焙焼後の粉砕物をアルミナ製坩堝に装入し、加熱温度(還元温度)1400℃に設定して還元熔融処理を行った。還元熔融処理では、粉砕物に対して、フラックスとしての酸化カルシウムを添加した。また、酸化還元度の調整のために、還元剤として黒鉛粉を添加してこれらを混合した。また、還元熔融処理では、抵抗加熱炉によって加熱温度に加熱し、熔融状態となったことを検尺棒で確認した後、熔融状態で40分間保持した。
還元熔融処理により得られた熔融メタルとスラグとの還元物について、比重の違いを利用してスラグを分離し、熔融メタルを回収した。
次に、回収した熔融メタルに対して酸化熔融の処理を行うことによって不純物のマンガンを酸化除去し、熔融メタルを精製した。酸化熔融の処理では、熔融メタルに、フラックスとしてSiO2を添加した。
下記表1に、各試験において得られたメタル中のマンガン(Mn)品位と、有価金属(Ni-Co-Cu合金)の回収率の結果を示す。なお、有価金属の回収率とは、酸化精製工程の処理にインプットした有価金属(Ni-Co-Cuメタル)の量に対する、処理後に得られた有価金属(Ni-Co-Cuメタル)の量の百分率をいう。
Claims (4)
- 少なくとも、リチウム、マンガン、及び有価金属を含む原料から、該有価金属を製造する方法であって、
前記原料に対して還元熔融処理を施して、有価金属を含む熔融メタルとスラグとを含む還元物を得る還元熔融工程と、
前記還元物から前記熔融メタルを回収するスラグ分離工程と、
回収した前記熔融メタルに、二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)をフラックスとして添加して酸化熔融処理を施す酸化精製工程と、を含み、
前記酸化精製工程では、スラグ中のSiO2/MnOの重量比が0.4以上1.0以下となるように前記SiO2をフラックスとして添加する、
有価金属の製造方法。 - 前記原料に含まれる前記マンガンの含有量は、15質量%以下である、
請求項1に記載の有価金属の製造方法。 - 前記原料を加熱して酸化焙焼する予備加熱工程をさらに有し、
前記還元熔融工程では、酸化焙焼後の原料に対して前記還元熔融処理を施す、
請求項1又は2に記載の有価金属の製造方法。 - 前記原料は、廃リチウムイオン電池を含む、
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の有価金属の製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22801000.5A EP4339310A1 (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2022-03-14 | Method for producing valuable metal |
CA3217447A CA3217447A1 (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2022-03-14 | Method for producing valuable metal |
KR1020237041667A KR20240004893A (ko) | 2021-05-12 | 2022-03-14 | 유가 금속의 제조 방법 |
CN202280032450.1A CN117280051A (zh) | 2021-05-12 | 2022-03-14 | 有价金属的制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021081039A JP7215517B2 (ja) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | 有価金属の製造方法 |
JP2021-081039 | 2021-05-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022239454A1 true WO2022239454A1 (ja) | 2022-11-17 |
Family
ID=84028171
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/011406 WO2022239454A1 (ja) | 2021-05-12 | 2022-03-14 | 有価金属の製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4339310A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7215517B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20240004893A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN117280051A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3217447A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022239454A1 (ja) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012172169A (ja) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-09-10 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 有価金属回収方法 |
JP2012193424A (ja) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-10-11 | Shinkoo Flex:Kk | マンガン酸化物系廃棄物からのマンガン系合金の回収方法 |
JP2013237907A (ja) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-28 | Shinkoo Flex:Kk | 金属酸化物系廃棄物からの金属回収方法と、その方法の実施装置 |
EP3269832A1 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-01-17 | Changsha Research Institute Of Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | Method of recycling and processing waste battery |
JP2019502826A (ja) * | 2016-01-12 | 2019-01-31 | ユミコア | リチウムリッチな冶金スラグ |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5569457B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-15 | 2014-08-13 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 有価金属回収方法 |
JP7234999B2 (ja) * | 2020-04-22 | 2023-03-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 冷却システム |
-
2021
- 2021-05-12 JP JP2021081039A patent/JP7215517B2/ja active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-14 KR KR1020237041667A patent/KR20240004893A/ko unknown
- 2022-03-14 WO PCT/JP2022/011406 patent/WO2022239454A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-03-14 EP EP22801000.5A patent/EP4339310A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-14 CN CN202280032450.1A patent/CN117280051A/zh active Pending
- 2022-03-14 CA CA3217447A patent/CA3217447A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012172169A (ja) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-09-10 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 有価金属回収方法 |
JP2012193424A (ja) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-10-11 | Shinkoo Flex:Kk | マンガン酸化物系廃棄物からのマンガン系合金の回収方法 |
JP2013237907A (ja) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-28 | Shinkoo Flex:Kk | 金属酸化物系廃棄物からの金属回収方法と、その方法の実施装置 |
EP3269832A1 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-01-17 | Changsha Research Institute Of Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd. | Method of recycling and processing waste battery |
JP2019502826A (ja) * | 2016-01-12 | 2019-01-31 | ユミコア | リチウムリッチな冶金スラグ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN117280051A (zh) | 2023-12-22 |
KR20240004893A (ko) | 2024-01-11 |
JP2022174962A (ja) | 2022-11-25 |
CA3217447A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
EP4339310A1 (en) | 2024-03-20 |
JP7215517B2 (ja) | 2023-01-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6819827B2 (ja) | 廃リチウムイオン電池からの有価金属の回収方法 | |
JP7400589B2 (ja) | 廃リチウムイオン電池からの有価金属の回収方法 | |
JP7338326B2 (ja) | 有価金属を回収する方法 | |
JP7354903B2 (ja) | 廃リチウムイオン電池からの有価金属の回収方法 | |
JP7363207B2 (ja) | 有価金属を回収する方法 | |
WO2021205903A1 (ja) | 有価金属を回収する方法 | |
JP7359062B2 (ja) | 廃リチウムイオン電池からの有価金属の回収方法 | |
JP7363206B2 (ja) | 有価金属を回収する方法 | |
JP7215517B2 (ja) | 有価金属の製造方法 | |
JP7124923B1 (ja) | 有価金属の製造方法 | |
JP7400590B2 (ja) | 廃リチウムイオン電池からの有価金属の回収方法 | |
JP7192934B1 (ja) | 有価金属の製造方法 | |
JP7220840B2 (ja) | 有価金属の製造方法 | |
JP7276361B2 (ja) | 有価金属を回収する方法 | |
WO2022224719A1 (ja) | 有価金属の製造方法 | |
KR20240019311A (ko) | 유가 금속의 제조 방법 | |
WO2023228537A1 (ja) | リチウム含有スラグ、並びに有価金属の製造方法 | |
JP2022085447A (ja) | 有価金属を回収する方法 | |
JP2022167755A (ja) | 有価金属の製造方法 | |
JP2022085446A (ja) | 有価金属を回収する方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22801000 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18288876 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 3217447 Country of ref document: CA |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20237041667 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020237041667 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022801000 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022801000 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20231212 |