WO2022237136A1 - 车厢及轨道车辆 - Google Patents

车厢及轨道车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022237136A1
WO2022237136A1 PCT/CN2021/134758 CN2021134758W WO2022237136A1 WO 2022237136 A1 WO2022237136 A1 WO 2022237136A1 CN 2021134758 W CN2021134758 W CN 2021134758W WO 2022237136 A1 WO2022237136 A1 WO 2022237136A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floor
compartment
side wall
seat
fixing structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/134758
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王爱娇
陈贺久
张远东
贾焕英
高国燕
丁立卿
Original Assignee
中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2022237136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022237136A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D33/00—Seats
    • B61D33/0057—Seats characterised by their mounting in vehicles
    • B61D33/0078—Seats characterised by their mounting in vehicles adjustably mounted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D1/00—Carriages for ordinary railway passenger traffic
    • B61D1/06—Carriages for ordinary railway passenger traffic with multiple deck arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D33/00—Seats
    • B61D33/0057—Seats characterised by their mounting in vehicles

Definitions

  • the present application relates to rail vehicle technology, in particular, to a carriage and a rail vehicle.
  • each row of seats is arranged along the width direction of the rail car.
  • the conventional seat fixing structure is not securely fixed, which easily causes the seat to shake or tilt.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a carriage and a rail vehicle.
  • a compartment including a seat, and the seat is fixed to an interior side wall of the compartment through a side wall fixing structure, and the side wall fixing structure includes:
  • the channel guide is interposed and fixed between the vertical frame of the compartment and the interior side wall of the compartment, the guide channel is provided with a mounting groove extending along the length direction of the compartment, and the guide channel It includes a first side wall configured as a C-shaped cross section, two second side walls and two third side walls, the first side wall is connected between the two opposite second side walls, the The third side wall is arranged opposite to the first side wall and connected to the second side wall respectively, the two third side walls are arranged at intervals and form an opening communicating with the installation groove, and the groove guide member It also includes a hook portion, and the ends of the two third side walls away from the second side wall are provided with the hook portion, and the hook portion faces from the connection with the third side wall.
  • the first side wall is extended, and the opening is formed between the two hook portions;
  • the first installation slider is slidably arranged in the installation groove, the side of the first installation slider facing the third side wall is provided with a pressing surface, and the hook part is far away from the first side wall.
  • one end of the three sidewalls leans against the extruding surface;
  • the first fastener is used to pass through the side angle iron connected to the first installation slider, the interior side wall and the seat in sequence.
  • the hook portion is arranged parallel to the second side wall, and the second side wall, the third side wall and the hook portion are jointly configured into a U-shaped structure.
  • each of the second side walls is provided with a ventilation hole for the hot gas of the heater to rise, and the ventilation hole is communicated with the installation groove, and the number of the ventilation holes is multiple and along the The lengthwise direction of the guide grooves is arranged at intervals.
  • a stepped portion is provided on the pressing surface, the stepped portion protrudes from the pressing surface, and the stepped portion passes through the opening between the two hook portions.
  • it includes a plurality of rows of seats arranged at intervals along the length direction of the carriage, the extension direction of each row of seats is vertically arranged relative to the length direction of the carriage, and a plurality of the channel members are arranged along the length of the carriage.
  • the longitudinal direction of the compartment is arranged at intervals, and each row of seats is correspondingly connected to one of the guide grooves.
  • the carriage further includes: a first floor fixing structure for connecting the seat to the first floor of the carriage, the first floor fixing structure includes a The sealing sleeve at the bottom of the chair leg, the sealing sleeve includes a sleeve portion used to be sleeved on the side plate of the chair leg and an end portion used to be sandwiched between the first floor of the compartment and the bottom plate of the chair leg.
  • the first floor fixing structure further includes a second installation slider, a pad and a second fastener, and the second installation slider is used to slide and cooperate with the slide groove in the first floor, A first threaded hole is opened in the second installation slider, and the spacer is used to be clamped between the bottom plate of the chair leg and the first floor, and the second fastener is successively passed through the The bottom plate of the chair leg, the pad, the first floor are screwed to the first threaded hole.
  • the thickness of the spacer is smaller than the thickness of the end portion of the sealing sleeve, the spacer is made of the same material as the area of the first floor that the spacer contacts, and the A first sealant is provided between the outer periphery of the pad and the first floor.
  • the second floor fixing structure for connecting the seat with the second floor of the compartment
  • the second floor fixing structure includes a third fastener and is embedded in the second floor.
  • An installation piece in the floor the installation piece includes a stepped small end and a large end, the small end is located above the large end, and the third fastener is sequentially connected to the The chair leg bottom plate of the seat and the mounting part.
  • the second floor can be bolted or bonded to the frame of the vehicle body.
  • both the small end and the large end are disc-shaped structures, the small end and the large end are stacked to form a stepped structure, and a useful As for the third threaded holes for connecting the mounting part with the second floor, a plurality of the third threaded holes are arranged at intervals around the small end.
  • the second floor fixing structure further includes a gasket used to be interposed between the bottom plate of the chair leg and the mounting part, and a second threaded hole is opened on the mounting part, and the second The threaded hole runs through the small end and the large end, the third fastener passes through the bottom plate of the chair leg, the gasket and the second threaded hole in turn, and the large end A lightening hole is also opened on the top, and the lightening hole communicates with the second threaded hole.
  • the interior space of the compartment is divided into an upper space and a lower space by an upper floor, the upper floor is used as the first floor, and the lower floor is used as the second floor; the seats in the upper space are fixed to the upper floor by the first floor fixing structure.
  • the seats in the lower space are fixed to the second floor through the second floor fixing structure, the extension direction of each row of seats is vertically arranged relative to the length direction of the compartment, and the transverse direction of each row of seats
  • One side is connected to the interior side wall of the compartment, and the other side is connected to the first floor or the second floor through the legs of the seat bottom;
  • a rail vehicle which includes the above-mentioned carriage.
  • the first installation slider is slidably arranged in the installation groove, it is convenient to flexibly adjust the position of the first installation slider along the guide groove when installing the seat, so that the front and rear positions of the seat can be adjusted, and the manufacturability is improved. it is good.
  • the hook-back portion is provided at the opening of the guide groove, which can increase the strength of the opening, and the hook-back portion is pressed against the extrusion surface of the first installation slider, effectively preventing the first installation slider from being installed through the opening. was pulled out of the slot.
  • the extension direction of the hook portion is the same as the extension direction of the first fastener, so that the direction of the pressure acting on the hook portion is the same as the extension direction of the hook portion, so that when impacted, the hook portion itself It is not easy to be bent and deformed, and can always bear against the extruding surface of the first installation slider, thereby ensuring a stable installation of the seat.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of installing a seat using the side wall fixing structure and the first floor fixing structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of place A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a guide channel member of a compartment provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of place B in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view projected along direction C in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of installing a seat using the side wall fixing structure and the second floor fixing structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view at D in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mounting parts of the compartment provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view projected along the E direction in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic front view structural view of the seat frame provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram in Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is a side view structural schematic diagram of the seat frame provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the bottom frame of the seat frame provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic side view of a partial compartment of a rail vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 10-side wall fixing structure 11-guiding groove; 111-first side wall; 112-second side wall; 113-third side wall; 114-back hook; 115-opening; 116-installation groove; 117 -air vent; 12-first installation slider; 121-extrusion surface; 122-step part; 13-first fastener; 131-nut part; 132-screw part; 20-first floor fixing structure; 21-Sealing sleeve; 211-Sleeve; 212-End; 22-Second installation slider; 221-First threaded hole; 23-Pad; 24-Second fastener; 25-First sealant ; 30-the second floor fixing structure; 31-the third fastener; 32-installation piece; Three threaded holes; 33-gasket; 34-second sealant; 1-interior side wall; 101-interior side wall main body; 102-side wall aluminum profile; 103-heater cover plate; 2-side angle iron; 3 -chair legs; 301-chair leg bottom
  • the longitudinal direction is the running direction of the rail vehicle
  • the transverse direction is the width direction of the rail vehicle
  • the vertical direction is the height direction or vertical direction of the rail vehicle.
  • the physical test of the shock vibration seat commonly used in China and Europe should be able to withstand the impact acceleration of the maximum longitudinal 5g, transverse 3g and vertical 3g without deformation, and the rest of the test requirements are static load and durability without dynamic test requirements; While in North America, the impact acceleration of the maximum longitudinal 8g, transverse 4g and vertical 4g, plus the working condition of the occupant, the degree of human injury of the male occupant meets the standard requirements, and the seat parts are allowed to be damaged and deformed to release the impact, but no falling off In order to avoid secondary damage to the human body caused by flying out, in addition, the corresponding consolidated car body parts are not allowed to deform.
  • the static load strength requirement of North American seat components is about 1.5 to 2 times that of domestic high-speed rail seats.
  • the common domestic seat structures cannot meet the requirements of the consolidation strength and human injury of the pulley test in the North American market.
  • the inventors developed the side wall fixing structure 10 , the first floor fixing structure 20 and the second floor fixing structure 30 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a compartment including a seat and a side wall fixing structure 10, and the compartment includes a side wall fixing structure 10 for fixing the seat to the compartment, and a first floor fixing structure 20 and a second floor fixing structure 30 .
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of installing a seat using the side wall fixing structure 10 and the first floor fixing structure 20 provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view at A in Fig. 1, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.
  • the seat is fixed to the interior side wall 1 of the carriage through a side wall fixing structure 10
  • the side wall fixing structure 10 includes a channel member 11 , a first installation slider 12 and a first fastener 13 .
  • the channel member 11 extends along the length direction of the vehicle compartment, and is interposed and fixed between the vertical frame 9 of the vehicle body and the interior side wall 1 of the vehicle body.
  • the channel guide member 11 is provided with a mounting groove 116 extending along the length direction of the carriage.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the channel member 11 of the compartment provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 3 , the channel member 11 includes a first side wall 111 and two second side walls 112 configured as a C-shaped section.
  • the first side wall 111 is connected between the two opposite second side walls 112, the third side wall 113 is opposite to the first side wall 111 and connected to the second side wall 112 respectively, and the two third side walls 113
  • the openings 115 communicated with the installation slots 116 are formed at intervals.
  • the channel guide 11 further includes a hook portion 114 , and the ends of the two third side walls 113 away from the second side wall 112 are both provided with the hook portion 114 .
  • the hook portion 114 extends from the connection with the third side wall 113 toward the first side wall 111 , and the opening 115 is formed between the two hook portions 114 .
  • the first installation slider 12 is slidably disposed in the installation groove 116, the side of the first installation slider 12 facing the third side wall 113 is provided with a pressing surface 121, and the side of the hook part 114 away from the third side wall 113 One end abuts against the pressing surface 121 .
  • the first fastener 13 is used to pass through and connect to the first installation slider 12, the interior side wall 1 and the side angle iron 2 of the seat in sequence, so as to fix the seat on the seat.
  • the cross-section of the side angle iron 2 of the seat is an L-shaped structure, and the side angle iron 2 is arranged on the bottom of the side of the seat.
  • the interior side wall 1 of the carriage includes a main body 101 of the interior side wall and an aluminum profile 102 for the side wall.
  • a heater cover plate 103 is also inserted into the slot of the side wall aluminum profile 102 .
  • the side of the side wall away from the seat is the vertical framework 9 of the vehicle body.
  • the channel guide 11 can be welded on the vertical framework 9 of the vehicle body, and the opening 115 of the channel guide 11 faces the side where the seat is arranged.
  • the first installation slider 12 is slidably arranged in the installation groove 116, it is convenient to flexibly adjust the position of the first installation slider 12 along the guide groove member 11 when installing the seat, thereby The front and rear positions of the seat can be adjusted, and the workmanship is good.
  • the hook-back portion 114 is provided at the opening 115 of the channel member 11, which can increase the strength at the opening 115, and the hook-back portion 114 abuts against the extrusion surface 121 of the first installation slider 12, effectively preventing the first The installation slider 12 is pulled out from the installation groove 116 through the opening 115 .
  • the extension direction of the hook portion 114 is the same as that of the first fastener 13, so that the direction of the pressure acting on the hook portion 114 is the same as the extension direction of the hook portion 114, so that when impacted,
  • the hook portion 114 itself is not easy to be bent and deformed, and can always be pressed against the pressing surface 121 of the first installation slider 12, thereby ensuring a stable installation of the seat.
  • the compartment in this application can be applied to rail passenger cars such as high-speed rail and subway.
  • the specific shape of the channel member 11 is not limited.
  • the wall 113 and the hook portion 114 are jointly configured into a U-shaped structure, and the U-shaped structure can increase the strength at the opening 115 of the channel guide 11 and prevent the first installation slider 12 from being pulled out.
  • the connection between the third side wall 113 and the hook part 114, the second side wall 112 and the third side wall 113 transition smoothly through a circular arc, and the U-shaped structure is not easy to generate stress concentration, and it is helpful for force transmission when impacted and disperse, so as to prevent the hook portion 114 from being deformed.
  • the channel guide 11 is made of stainless steel 301L to ensure that the channel guide 11 has sufficient strength. In other embodiments, the channel guide member 11 can also be made of aluminum alloy.
  • the bottom of the inner wall of the compartment is usually provided with a heater for heating the compartment.
  • a heater for heating the compartment.
  • a second side wall 112 is provided with a ventilation hole 117 for the heater hot gas of the rail vehicle to rise, the ventilation hole 117 communicates with the mounting groove 116, and the number of the ventilation holes 117 is multiple and spaced apart along the length direction of the channel member 11 Arrangement, this ventilation hole 117 can be set on the side of each row of seats, the hot air that produces in the heater can rise through the ventilation hole 117, thereby increases the thermal conduction efficiency of heater.
  • the shape of the first installation slider 12 is not limited.
  • the stepped portion 122 passes through the opening 115 between the two hook portions 114, so that the hook portion 114 not only limits the displacement of the first installation slider 12 along the width direction of the compartment by abutting against the pressing surface 121, It is also possible to limit the displacement of the first installation slider 12 along the up and down direction by the back hook part 114 abutting against the stepped part 122, so that the first installation slider 12 is locked in the installation groove 116, and it is not easy to shake, ensuring A firm connection between the seat and the interior side wall 1 of the vehicle body.
  • the first installation slider 12 is provided with a large hole and a small hole configured as a stepped through hole.
  • the first fastener 13 is a screw, and the first fastening
  • the piece 13 includes a nut part 131 and the nut part 131 is matched with the large hole.
  • the screw part 132 is passed through the small hole and is used to pass through the side angle iron 2 connected to the interior side wall 1 and the seat.
  • the screw part 132 The part exposed to the side angle iron 2 of the seat is fastened by a nut.
  • the first fastener 13 can also be a bolt or a rivet.
  • the first fastener 13 When installing, the first fastener 13 can be passed through the stepped through hole first, so that the nut part 131 is embedded in the large hole of the stepped through hole, and the screw part 132 passes through the small hole, and passes through the side holes in turn.
  • Wall aluminum profile 102, side angle iron 2 and nuts of the seat When the seat is installed, the side angle iron 2 of the seat can be directly set on the exposed screw part 132, and can be fastened by a nut, which is convenient for installation.
  • the side wall aluminum profile 102 can pre-cut a slideway, allowing the first installation slider 12 to slide in the installation groove 116, and the first fastener 13 together with the first installation slider 12 slides along the slideway.
  • connection positions between the seat and the compartment of the rail vehicle one of which is to connect the side angle iron 2 of the seat to the interior side wall 1 of the car body through a side wall fixing structure 10 , and the other is to connect the chair legs 3 of the seat to the first floor 4 through the first floor fixing structure 20 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view at B in FIG. 1.
  • the first floor fixing structure 20 includes a sealing sleeve 21 for being sleeved on the bottom of the chair leg 3 of the seat, and the sealing sleeve 21 includes a sleeve portion 211 for being sleeved on the side plate of the chair leg 3 and for clamping
  • the second fastening member 24 penetrates through the first floor 4 to connect the chair legs 3 with the first floor 4 .
  • the chair leg 3 of the seat is generally made of metal material, and the sealing sleeve 21 is sleeved on the chair leg 3 to prevent the water vapor caused by daily cleaning from corroding the chair leg 3, and the end 212 of the sealing sleeve 21 is clamped at the first Between the floor 4 and the bottom plate 301 of the chair legs, the gap between the chair legs 3 and the first floor 4 can be sealed, so as to prevent moisture and the like from entering the aluminum floor of the vehicle body.
  • the sealing sleeve 21 is a rubber sleeve, and in other embodiments, the sealing sleeve 21 can also be a silicone sleeve.
  • the first floor fixing structure 20 further includes a second installation slider 22 , spacers 23 and second fasteners 24 .
  • the second installation slider 22 is used for slidingly matching with the slide groove 4012 in the first floor 4 .
  • a first threaded hole 221 is defined in the second mounting slider 22 .
  • the spacer 23 is used to be sandwiched between the chair leg base 301 and the first floor 4 to increase the connection strength between the two.
  • the pad 23 is provided with a through hole, and the second fastener 24 passes through the bottom plate of the chair leg 301 , the pad 23 , the first floor 4 and is threadedly connected with the first threaded hole 221 from top to bottom.
  • the second installation slider 22 can be notched, and the bolt head of the second fastener 24 is snapped in, and there is a structure in which the bolt head is on the bottom and the nut is installed on the top.
  • the first floor 4 includes an aluminum profile 401 and a floor cloth 402 covered on the aluminum profile 401, and the aluminum profile 401 and the floor cloth 402 are bonded by self-leveling glue 403 .
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view projected along the C direction in Fig. 4. As shown in Fig. 5, an opening 4011 can be preset on the aluminum profile 401, so that the second installation slider 22 can be installed into the aluminum profile 401 through the opening 4011. inside the cavity.
  • the cavity of the aluminum profile 401 is configured as a runner 4012 in the first floor 4 .
  • the thickness of the spacer 23 is smaller than the thickness of the end 212 of the sealing sleeve 21, so that the sealing sleeve 21 is properly squeezed during installation, so that the sealing sleeve 21 is tightly pressed between the chair leg 3 and the first floor 4 , to increase the sealing between the two, and, because the sealing sleeve 21 has a tendency to restore deformation, the pressure between the second fastener 24 and the second installation slider 22 is increased, and the second fastener 24 can be Play the role of anti-loosening.
  • the sealing sleeve 21 can also be vulcanized into one body with the cushion block 23, which is convenient for installation.
  • the cushion block 23 is made of the same material as the area of the first floor 4 that the cushion block 23 contacts, and a first sealant is provided between the outer periphery of the cushion block 23 and the first floor 4 25, the sealing between the chair legs 3 and the first floor 4 can be further increased.
  • the pad 23 is in contact with the aluminum profile 401 in the first floor 4, and the pad 23 is made of aluminum material. Since the pad 23 is made of the same material as the first floor 4 that the pad 23 contacts, it can maximize the Reduce corrosion.
  • the compartment can be a compartment of a double-deck rail vehicle, and the interior space of the compartment is divided into an upper space and a lower space by an upper floor, the upper floor is used as the first floor 4, and the lower floor is used as the second floor 5
  • the seats in the upper space are fixed to the first floor 4 through the first floor fixing structure 20
  • the seats in the lower space are fixed to the second floor 5 through the second floor fixing structure 30 .
  • the extension direction of each row of seats is vertically arranged relative to the length direction of the compartment, and one side of the lateral direction of each row of seats is connected with the interior side wall 1 of the compartment, and the other side is connected to the corresponding first side through the chair legs 3 at the bottom of the seat.
  • a floor 4 or a second floor 5 are connected.
  • the first floor 4 can be the upper floor of a double-decker passenger car (such as an aluminum floor), the first floor fixing structure 20 is used to connect the chair legs 3 of the seat to the first floor 4, and the second floor 5 can be a double-layer As for the lower floor of the passenger car (for example, it can be a composite floor), the second floor 5 can be fixed with the underframe of the vehicle body by bolts.
  • the second floor fixing structure 30 is used to connect the chair legs 3 of the seat with the second floor 5 .
  • the side angle irons 2 of the seats in the second floor compartment can be connected with the interior side wall 1 of the vehicle body by the above-mentioned side wall fixing structure 10 .
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of installing a seat using the side wall fixing structure 10 and the second floor fixing structure 30 provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view at D in Figure 6
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the seat provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • 9 is a schematic perspective view projected along the E direction in FIG. 7 .
  • the carriage further includes a second floor fixing structure 30 for connecting the seat to the second floor 5 of the carriage.
  • the second floor fixing structure 30 includes a third fastener 31 and an installation piece 32 embedded in the second floor 5 .
  • the mounting member 32 includes a small end portion 321 and a large end portion 322 configured in a stepped shape, and the small end portion 321 is located above the large end portion 322 .
  • the third fastening member 31 is sequentially passed through and connected to the chair leg base plate 301 and the mounting member 32 of the seat, and the chair leg 3 is installed on the second floor 5, which is convenient for installation.
  • the third fastener 31 can be a screw, and the nut of the third fastener 31 and the bottom plate 301 of the chair leg can also be provided with an anti-loosening washer 33 .
  • the mounting part 32 can increase the local strength of the second floor 5 .
  • the large end 322 of the rotating part can increase the contact area between the mounting part 32 and the second floor 5, and can reduce the impact of the seat acting on the second floor 5 through the mounting part 32.
  • the pressure also contributes to the distribution of force, prevents damage to the second floor 5 , and then ensures that the mounting part 32 can be firmly embedded in the second floor 5 .
  • the mounting part 32 can be made of carbon steel or stainless steel to increase the strength of the mounting part 32 .
  • both the small end portion 321 and the large end portion 322 are disc-shaped structures, and the small end portion 321 and the large end portion 322 are stacked to form a stepped structure.
  • the cylindrical outer surface can greatly relieve stress concentration, help to distribute force and prevent stress concentration.
  • the diameter of the small end portion 321 is 40 mm
  • the diameter of the large end portion 322 is 80 mm.
  • the second floor fixing structure 30 further includes a spacer 33 sandwiched between the bottom plate 301 of the chair leg and the mounting part 32 .
  • a second threaded hole 323 is defined on the mounting member 32 , and the second threaded hole 323 passes through the small end portion 321 and the large end portion 322 .
  • the third fastener 31 passes through the bottom plate of the chair leg 301, the gasket 33 and the second threaded hole 323 to be threaded in turn, and the large end 322 is also provided with a weight-reducing hole 324, which communicates with the second threaded hole 323 .
  • the washer 33 can increase the strength of a local area of the second floor 5 and prevent the second floor 5 from being crushed when the third fastener 31 is tightened.
  • a second sealant 34 is provided between the outer periphery of the gasket 33 and the second floor 5 to increase the sealing between the two.
  • third threaded holes 325 for connecting the mounting part 32 to the second floor 5 are provided on the large end portion 322 , and a plurality of third threaded holes 325 are arranged at intervals around the small end portion 321 .
  • the mounting part 32 is fixed on the second floor 5 through screws passing through the second floor 5 and the third threaded hole 325 .
  • the second floor 5 can be a composite floor, and a composite material with a higher density can be provided in the area of the second floor 5 for fixing the installation part 32 to increase the strength of this area.
  • the seat legs 3 are generally fixed on the car body frame.
  • the interior floor 5 needs to be disconnected to avoid the frame and leveling, and the process is difficult.
  • the mounting interface of the chair legs is integrated on the interior floor, which eliminates the leveling process and improves the appearance.
  • the interior floor can be fixed on the car body frame by bonding or bolting.
  • the fixed structure of the existing rail vehicle in the direction of the side wall is to weld a long stainless steel welding seat on the vertical frame of the side wall of the car body along the length direction of the vehicle, insert the fixing bolts into the built-in aluminum profile 401, and insert the aluminum profile 401 It is fixed on the stainless steel welding seat to realize the fixation between the seat and the side wall.
  • the inventor found that the stainless steel seat with a long length in the direction of the side wall is connected with the aluminum profile 401, which is heavy and increases the weight of the whole vehicle. And when the seat bolts are actually pulled out, the bolts fixed by the interior aluminum profiles are directly stressed, and the working conditions are not ideal.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic side view of a partial side view of the carriage of the rail vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • multiple rows of seats are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the carriage, and the extension direction of each row of seats is relative to
  • the longitudinal direction of the carriage is vertically arranged, and a plurality of the channel guide members 11 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the carriage, and each row of seats is correspondingly connected to one guide channel member 11 .
  • the compartment includes a seat area 601 and a non-seat area 602 . Seats are arranged in the seat area 601 , and no seats are arranged in the non-seat area 602 .
  • Each seat area 601 is equipped with a guide channel 11, a single guide channel 11 only extends in a single seat area 601, and a non-seat area 602 is formed between adjacent two guide channel members 11.
  • the area 602 is not arranged with the channel member 11, and the channel member 11 is only arranged in the seat area 601 where the seat needs to be installed, so that the weight can be reduced on the one hand, and on the other hand, the non-seat area 602 where the channel member 11 is not arranged has It helps the hot gas of the heater to rise rapidly and improves the heat transfer efficiency.
  • Figure 10 shows the seat provided by the embodiment of the application Schematic diagram of the front structure of the frame.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom frame 7 of the seat frame provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the legs 3 and the seat frame include a bottom frame 7
  • the bottom frame 7 includes a rectangular support tube 701 and a circular support tube 702 .
  • the rectangular support pipe 701 extends along the length direction of the carriage, and the circular support pipe 702 extends along the width direction of the carriage.
  • FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of FIG. 10 . As shown in FIG. 11 , a circular reinforcing tube is arranged inside the rectangular support tube 701 to strengthen the strength of the rectangular support tube 701 .
  • the frame structure is formed by the rectangular support tube 701 and the circular support tube 702 as the bottom frame 7 of the seat, which is used to resist the impact and torsion of the lower part, and can reduce the weight of the seat frame while ensuring sufficient strength.
  • the dynamic load impact can be counteracted by deformation of the seat frame and chair legs 3, thereby protecting the passengers on the seat.
  • the bottom frame 7 further includes a U-shaped connecting rod 703 extending in the same direction as the rectangular support tube 701 . Both ends of the U-shaped connecting rod 703 are respectively connected to the circular support pipe 702 , and the fourth fastening member 704 is connected to the U-shaped connecting rod 703 and the chair leg 3 . It can pass through the U-shaped connecting rod 703 and the top plate of the chair leg 3 to be connected by bolts.
  • the seat frame also includes a backrest frame 8 connected to the bottom frame 7 .
  • the back frame 8 includes a headrest support rod 801 , a back reinforcement rod 802 and a back main frame 803 extending upward from the bottom frame 7 .
  • the backrest main frame 803 is arranged on the left and right sides of each seat frame.
  • the headrest support rod 801 is in one-to-one correspondence with the backrest main frame 803 and extends from the upper end of the backrest main frame 803 toward the headrest of the seat.
  • the headrest support rod 801 is provided with a bent part 8011 at the joint between the headrest and the backrest of the seat, and the bent part 8011 enables the headrest support rod 801 to conform to the shape of the edge of the backrest. Setting the headrest support rod 801 can increase the strength of the headrest of the seat.
  • the back reinforcement bar 802 extends in the width direction of the vehicle compartment, and the back reinforcement bar 802 is connected between two back main frames 803 arranged at intervals.
  • the cross-sections of the back reinforcement bar 802 and the headrest support bar 801 can both be U-shaped structures.
  • the strength at the back of the seat can be increased by setting the back reinforcement bar 802 and the head support support bar 801.
  • the impact of the passenger on the backrest can be counteracted by the deformation of the back reinforcement bar 802 and the head support support bar 801. This shock is cushioned to protect the occupant.
  • FIG 12 is a schematic side view of the seat frame provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the backrest main frame 803 includes a first section 8031 and a second section 8032 configured as an L-shaped bending structure, and
  • the first section 8031 extends from the front end of the seat cushion to the rear end of the seat cushion, and the second section 8032 extends upward from the rear end of the seat cushion to the backrest of the seat.
  • the backrest main frame 803 includes a rectangular outer tube 8034 and a circular inner tube 8033 inside the rectangular outer tube 8034.
  • the rectangular outer tube 8034 and the circular inner tube 8033 are bent together to form an L-shaped bending structure.
  • the circular inner tube 8033 inside the rectangular outer tube 8034 can increase the strength of the rectangular outer tube 8034.
  • a part of the backrest main frame 803 configured as an L-shaped bending structure is located at the seat cushion and a part is located at the backrest, which helps to buffer the impact of the passenger on the seat back through the deformation of the L-shaped bending structure, increasing the seating capacity of the seat. comfort and protect passengers.
  • a rail vehicle which includes the above-mentioned carriage.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种车厢及轨道车辆，车厢包括座椅，座椅通过侧墙固定结构（10）固定至车厢的内装侧墙（1）上，侧墙固定结构（10）包括导槽件（11）、第一安装滑块（12）和第一紧固件（13）。导槽件（11）夹设固定在车厢的竖向骨架（9）和车厢的内装侧墙（1）之间，导槽件（11）设置有沿车厢的长度方向延伸的安装槽（116），导槽件（11）包括构造成C型截面的第一侧壁（111）、两个第二侧壁（112）和两个第三侧壁（113），导槽件（11）还包括回勾部（114），两个第三侧壁（113）的远离第二侧壁（112）的一端均设置有回勾部（114）。第一安装滑块（12）可滑动地设置于安装槽（116）内，第一安装滑块（12）朝向第三侧壁（113）的一侧设置有挤压表面（121），回勾部（114）抵靠于挤压表面（121）。第一紧固件（13）用于依次穿设连接于第一安装滑块（12）、内装侧墙（1）和座椅的侧角铁（2）。

Description

车厢及轨道车辆 技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆技术，具体地，涉及一种车厢及轨道车辆。
背景技术
在双层轨道客车的上下层，一般均设置有多排座椅，每排座椅沿轨道客车的宽度方向布置。为了便于将众多的座椅固定在车厢中，需要设计合理的座椅固定结构。而常规的座椅固定结构固定不牢靠，容易导致座椅晃动或歪斜。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术缺陷之一，本申请实施例中提供了一种车厢及轨道车辆。
根据本申请实施例的第一个方面，提供了一种车厢，包括座椅，所述座椅通过侧墙固定结构固定至所述车厢的内装侧墙上，所述侧墙固定结构包括：
导槽件，夹设固定在所述车厢的竖向骨架和所述车厢的内装侧墙之间，所述导槽件设置有沿所述车厢的长度方向延伸的安装槽，所述导槽件包括构造成C型截面的第一侧壁、两个第二侧壁和两个第三侧壁，所述第一侧壁连接在相对设置的两个所述第二侧壁之间，所述第三侧壁与所述第一侧壁相对设置并且分别与所述第二侧壁连接，两个所述第三侧壁间隔设置并形成与所述安装槽连通的开口，所述导槽件还包括回勾部，两个所述第三侧壁的远离所述第二侧壁的一端均设置有所述回勾部，所述回勾部从与所述第三侧壁的连接处朝向所述第一侧壁延伸，所述开口形成在两个所述回勾部之间；
第一安装滑块，可滑动地设置于所述安装槽内，所述第一安装滑块朝向所述第三侧壁的一侧设置有挤压表面，所述回勾部的远离所述第三侧壁的一端抵靠于所述挤压表面；
第一紧固件，用于依次穿设连接于所述第一安装滑块、所述内装侧墙和所 述座椅的侧角铁。
可选地，所述回勾部与所述第二侧壁平行设置，所述第二侧壁、所述第三侧壁和所述回勾部共同构造成U型结构。
可选地，每个所述第二侧壁上开设有用于供加热器的热气上升的透气孔，所述透气孔与所述安装槽连通，所述透气孔的数量为多个且沿所述导槽件的长度方向间隔布置。
可选地，所述挤压表面上设置有阶梯部，所述阶梯部凸出于所述挤压表面，所述阶梯部穿设于两个所述回勾部之间的所述开口。
可选地，包括沿所述车厢的长度方向间隔布置的多排座椅，每排所述座椅的延伸方向相对于所述车厢的长度方向垂直布置，多个所述导槽件沿所述车厢的长度方向间隔布置，每排所述座椅对应连接于一个所述导槽件。
可选地，所述车厢还包括：用于将所述座椅与所述车厢的第一地板连接的第一地板固定结构，所述第一地板固定结构包括用于套设于所述座椅的椅腿底部的密封套，所述密封套包括用于套设于椅腿侧板的套筒部和用于夹设于所述车厢的第一地板和椅腿底板之间的端部。
可选地，所述第一地板固定结构还包括第二安装滑块、垫块和第二紧固件，所述第二安装滑块用于与所述第一地板中的滑槽滑动配合，所述第二安装滑块中开设有第一螺纹孔，所述垫块用于夹设于所述椅腿底板和所述第一地板之间，所述第二紧固件依次穿设于所述椅腿底板、所述垫块、所述第一地板与所述第一螺纹孔螺纹连接。
可选地，所述垫块的厚度小于所述密封套的所述端部的厚度，所述垫块与所述垫块所接触的所述第一地板的区域采用相同的材料，并且所述垫块的外周与所述第一地板之间设置第一密封胶。
可选地，还包括用于将所述座椅与所述车厢的第二地板连接的第二地板固定结构，所述第二地板固定结构包括第三紧固件和嵌设于所述第二地板内的安装件，所述安装件包括构造成台阶状的小端部和大端部，所述小端部位于所述 大端部的上方，所述第三紧固件依次穿设连接于所述座椅的椅腿底板和所述安装件。第二地板可螺栓或粘接固定在车体骨架上。
可选地，所述小端部和所述大端部均为圆板状结构，所述小端部和所述大端部层叠布置构造成台阶状结构，所述大端部上还开设有用于使所述安装件与所述第二地板连接的第三螺纹孔，多个所述第三螺纹孔围绕所述小端部间隔布置。
可选地，所述第二地板固定结构还包括用于夹设于所述椅腿底板和所述安装件之间的垫片，所述安装件上开设有第二螺纹孔，所述第二螺纹孔贯穿所述小端部和所述大端部，所述第三紧固件依次穿过所述椅腿底板、所述垫片和所述第二螺纹孔螺纹连接，所述大端部上还开设有减重孔，所述减重孔与所述第二螺纹孔连通。
可选地，所述车厢内部空间通过上层地板划分为上层空间和下层空间，所述上层地板作为第一地板，下层地板作为第二地板；上层空间内的座椅通过第一地板固定结构固定至所述第一地板，下层空间内的座椅通过第二地板固定结构固定至第二地板，每排座椅的延伸方向相对于所述车厢的长度方向垂直布置，每排座椅的横向方向的一侧与所述车厢的内装侧墙相连，另一侧通过座椅底部的椅腿与所述第一地板或所述第二地板相连；
根据本申请实施例的第二个方面，提供了一种轨道车辆，其包括上述的车厢。
采用本申请实施例中提供的车厢，至少能够达到如下技术效果：
由于第一安装滑块可滑动地设置于所述安装槽内，便于在安装座椅时根据需要沿导槽件灵活调节第一安装滑块的位置，从而可调节座椅的前后位置，工艺性好。而且，导槽件的开口处设置回勾部，能够增加开口处的强度，通过回勾部抵顶在第一安装滑块的挤压表面上，有效地防止第一安装滑块通过开口从安装槽中被拽出。而且，回勾部的延伸方向与第一紧固件的延伸方向相同，使得作用在回勾部上的压力的方向与回勾部的延伸方向相同，这样使得在受到冲 击时，回勾部自身不容易弯折变形，能够始终抵顶在第一安装滑块的挤压表面上，从而保证对座椅的稳固的安装。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为利用本申请实施例提供的侧墙固定结构和第一地板固定结构安装座椅的结构示意图；
图2为图1中A处的剖视示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的车厢的导槽件的剖视示意图；
图4为图1中B处的剖视示意图；
图5为沿图4中C向投射的透视示意图；
图6为利用本申请实施例提供的侧墙固定结构和第二地板固定结构安装座椅的结构示意图；
图7为图6中D处的剖视示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的车厢的安装件的剖视示意图；
图9为沿图7中E向投射的透视示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的座椅骨架的正视结构示意图；
图11为图10中的局部放大示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的座椅骨架的侧视结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的座椅骨架的底部骨架的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的轨道车辆的车厢局部侧视示意图。
附图标记
10-侧墙固定结构；11-导槽件；111-第一侧壁；112-第二侧壁；113-第三侧壁；114-回勾部；115-开口；116-安装槽；117-透气孔；12-第一安装滑块；121- 挤压表面；122-阶梯部；13-第一紧固件；131-螺帽部；132-螺杆部；20-第一地板固定结构；21-密封套；211-套筒部；212-端部；22-第二安装滑块；221-第一螺纹孔；23-垫块；24-第二紧固件；25-第一密封胶；30-第二地板固定结构；31-第三紧固件；32-安装件；321-小端部；322-大端部；323-第二螺纹孔；324-减重孔；325-第三螺纹孔；33-垫片；34-第二密封胶；1-内装侧墙；101-内装侧墙主体；102-侧墙铝型材；103-加热器罩板；2-侧角铁；3-椅腿；301-椅腿底板；4-第一地板；401-铝型材；4011-开孔；402-地板布；403-自流平胶；4012-滑槽；5-第二地板；601-座椅区域；602-非座椅区域；7-底部骨架；701-矩形支撑管；702-圆形支撑管；703-U型连接杆；704-第四紧固件；8-靠背骨架；801-头靠支撑杆；8011-折弯部；802-靠背加强杆；803-靠背主骨架；8031-第一段；8032-第二段；8033-圆形内管；8034-矩形外管；9-竖向骨架。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本申请实施例中，纵向为轨道车辆的运行方向，横向为轨道车辆的宽度方向，垂向为轨道车辆的高度方向或竖直方向。在轨道车辆中，国内及欧洲常用的冲击振动座椅实物试验应能承受的最大纵向5g横向3g和垂向3g的冲击加速度下无变形，其余试验要求为静载荷和耐久而无动态试验要求；而北美则要求在最大纵向8g横向4g和垂向4g的冲击加速度，加之乘员乘坐的工况下，男性乘员的人体伤害程度满足标准要求，座椅部件允许破坏和变形来释放冲击，但无脱落以免飞出对人体造成二次伤害，此外对应固结的车体部件则不允许变形。此外北美座椅部件静载荷强度要求值约为国内高铁座椅的1.5～2倍。
综上，国内常见的座椅结构不能满足北美市场的固结强度和滑车试验人体 伤害的要求。为了满足北美对于座椅的强度要求，发明人研发了本申请实施例中的侧墙固定结构10、第一地板固定结构20和第二地板固定结构30。
根据本申请实施例的第一个方面，提供了一种车厢，包括座椅和侧墙固定结构10，车厢包括用于将座椅固定至车厢的侧墙固定结构10、第一地板固定结构20和第二地板固定结构30。图1为利用本申请实施例提供的侧墙固定结构10和第一地板固定结构20安装座椅的结构示意图，图2为图1中A处的剖视示意图，如图1和图2所示，其中，该座椅通过侧墙固定结构10固定至车厢的内装侧墙1上，侧墙固定结构10包括导槽件11、第一安装滑块12和第一紧固件13。导槽件11沿车厢的长度方向延伸，并且夹设固定在车体的竖向骨架9和车体的内装侧墙1之间。导槽件11设置有沿车厢的长度方向延伸的安装槽116。图3为本申请实施例提供的车厢的导槽件11的剖视示意图，如图3所示，导槽件11包括构造成C型截面的第一侧壁111、两个第二侧壁112和两个第三侧壁113。第一侧壁111连接在相对设置的两个第二侧壁112之间，第三侧壁113与第一侧壁111相对设置并且分别与第二侧壁112连接，两个第三侧壁113间隔设置并形成与安装槽116连通的开口115。导槽件11还包括回勾部114，两个第三侧壁113的远离第二侧壁112的一端均设置有回勾部114。回勾部114从与第三侧壁113的连接处朝向第一侧壁111延伸，开口115形成在两个回勾部114之间。
第一安装滑块12可滑动地设置于安装槽116内，第一安装滑块12朝向第三侧壁113的一侧设置有挤压表面121，回勾部114的远离第三侧壁113的一端抵靠于挤压表面121。第一紧固件13用于依次穿设连接于第一安装滑块12、内装侧墙1和座椅的侧角铁2，从而将座椅固定在上。
其中，如图2所示，座椅的侧角铁2的横截面为L型结构，侧角铁2设置于座椅侧面的底部上。车厢的内装侧墙1包括内装侧墙主体101和侧墙铝型材102，内装侧墙主体101夹设于侧墙铝型材102的狭槽内。侧墙铝型材102的狭槽内还插入有加热器罩板103。侧墙的背离座椅的一侧为车体竖向骨架9。 可将导槽件11焊接在车体竖向骨架9上，并且使导槽件11的开口115朝向设置有座椅的一侧。
通过上述的技术方案，由于第一安装滑块12可滑动地设置于所述安装槽116内，便于在安装座椅时根据需要沿导槽件11灵活调节第一安装滑块12的位置，从而可调节座椅的前后位置，工艺性好。而且，导槽件11的开口115处设置回勾部114，能够增加开口115处的强度，通过回勾部114抵顶在第一安装滑块12的挤压表面121上，有效地防止第一安装滑块12通过开口115从安装槽116中被拽出。而且，回勾部114的延伸方向与第一紧固件13的延伸方向相同，使得作用在回勾部114上的压力的方向与回勾部114的延伸方向相同，这样使得在受到冲击时，回勾部114自身不容易弯折变形，能够始终抵顶在第一安装滑块12的挤压表面121上，从而保证对座椅的稳固的安装。
本申请中的车厢可应用于高铁、地铁等轨道客车上。
在本申请中对导槽件11的具体形状不作限制，在一种实施方式中，如图3所示，回勾部114与第二侧壁112平行设置，第二侧壁112、第三侧壁113和回勾部114共同构造成U型结构，U型结构可增加导槽件11开口115处的强度，防止第一安装滑块12被拽出。第三侧壁113与回勾部114第二侧壁112与第三侧壁113的连接处通过圆弧平滑过渡，U型结构不容易产生应力集中，在受到冲击时，有助于力的传递与分散，从而防止回勾部114发生形变。
在本申请中对导槽件11采用何种材料不作限制，在一种实施方式中，导槽件11采用不锈钢301L材料，保证导槽件11具有足够的强度。在其他实施方式中，导槽件11还可采用铝合金。
车厢的内侧墙的底部通常设置有用于对车厢进行加热的加热器，为了增加加热器的导热效率，如图3所示，为本申请实施例提供的车厢的导槽件的剖视示意图，每个第二侧壁112上开设有用于供轨道车辆的加热器热气上升的透气孔117，透气孔117与安装槽116连通，透气孔117的数量为多个且沿导槽件11的长度方向间隔布置，每排座椅的旁边均可设置该透气孔117，加热器中产 生的热空气可通过透气孔117上升，从而增加加热器的导热效率。
在本申请中对第一安装滑块12的形状不作限制，在一种实施方式中，如图2所示，挤压表面121上设置有阶梯部122，阶梯部122凸出于挤压表面121，阶梯部122穿设于两个回勾部114之间的开口115，从而使得回勾部114不仅通过抵靠在挤压表面121限制第一安装滑块12沿车厢的宽度方向上的位移，还可通过回勾部114抵靠在阶梯部122上来限制第一安装滑块12沿上下方向上的位移，从而将第一安装滑块12锁止在安装槽116内，不容易发生晃动，保证座椅与车体的内装侧墙1之间的稳固的连接。
在一种实施方式中，如图2所示，第一安装滑块12开设有构造为阶梯通孔的大孔和小孔，可选地，第一紧固件13为螺钉，第一紧固件13包括螺帽部131和，螺帽部131与大孔配合，螺杆部132穿设于小孔并且用于穿设连接于内装侧墙1、座椅的侧角铁2，螺杆部132的外露于座椅的侧角铁2的部分通过螺母紧固。
在其他实施方式中，第一紧固件13还可为螺栓或铆钉等。
在安装时，可先将第一紧固件13穿设于阶梯通孔中，使得螺帽部131嵌入阶梯通孔的大孔中，螺杆部132从小孔中穿出，并且依次穿过侧墙铝型材102、座椅的侧角铁2和螺母。在安装座椅时，可直接将座椅的侧角铁2套设在外露的螺杆部132上，并通过螺母紧固即可，安装方便。
侧墙铝型材102可预先切割滑道，允许第一安装滑块12在安装槽116内滑动，第一紧固件13连同第一安装滑块12沿该滑道滑动。
如图1所示，在本申请中座椅与轨道车辆的车厢至少具有两处连接位置，其中一个是通过侧墙固定结构10将座椅的侧角铁2与车体的内装侧墙1连接，另一个是通过第一地板固定结构20将座椅的椅腿3与第一地板4连接。
在一种实施方式中，图4为图1中B处的剖视示意图，如图1和图4所示，车厢还包括用于将座椅与车厢的第一地板4连接的第一地板固定结构20，第一地板固定结构20包括用于套设于座椅的椅腿3底部的密封套21，密封套21 包括用于套设于椅腿3侧板的套筒部211和用于夹设于车厢的第一地板4和椅腿底板301之间的端部212，第二紧固件24穿设于第一地板4将椅腿3与第一地板4连接。
座椅的椅腿3一般为金属材料，通过设置密封套21套设在椅腿3上，防止日常清洁造成的水汽等腐蚀椅腿3，密封套21的端部212夹设于车厢的第一地板4和椅腿底板301之间，可密封椅腿3与第一地板4之间的间隙，从而也能够防止水汽等进入车体的铝地板内。
可选地，密封套21为橡胶套，在其他实施方式中，密封套21还可为硅胶套。
在一种实施方式中，如图4所示，第一地板固定结构20还包括第二安装滑块22、垫块23和第二紧固件24。第二安装滑块22用于与第一地板4中的滑槽4012滑动配合。第二安装滑块22中开设有第一螺纹孔221。垫块23用于夹设于椅腿底板301和第一地板4之间，增加二者之间的连接强度。垫块23上开设有通孔，第二紧固件24从上至下依次穿设于椅腿底板301、垫块23、第一地板4与第一螺纹孔221螺纹连接。
可选的，第二安装滑块22可开豁口，将第二紧固件24螺栓头卡入，更为螺栓头在下，上面安装螺母的结构。
在本申请中的一种实施方式中，第一地板4包括铝型材401和覆盖在铝型材401上的地板布402，而且在铝型材401和地板布402之间通过自流平胶403进行粘接。图5为沿图4中C向投射的透视示意图，如图5所示，铝型材401上可预先设置开孔4011，便于通过该开孔4011将第二安装滑块22安装进铝型材401的型腔内。铝型材401的型腔构造成第一地板4中的滑槽4012。
可选地，垫块23的厚度小于密封套21的端部212的厚度，从而使得在安装时适当挤压密封套21，使得密封套21被紧压在椅腿3和第一地板4之间，增加二者之间的密封性，而且，由于密封套21具有恢复形变的趋势，增加了第二紧固件24与第二安装滑块22之间的压力，可对第二紧固件24起到防松 的作用。密封套21还可和垫块23硫化成一体，方便安装。
在本申请中的一种实施方式中，垫块23与垫块23所接触的第一地板4的区域采用相同的材料，并且垫块23的外周与第一地板4之间设置第一密封胶25，可进一步地增加椅腿3与第一地板4之间的密封性。可选地，垫块23与第一地板4中的铝型材401接触，垫块23采用铝材料，由于垫块23与垫块23所接触的第一地板4采用的材料相同，可最大程度的降低腐蚀。
在本申请中的一种实施方式中，车厢可为双层轨道车辆的车厢，车厢内部空间通过上层地板划分为上层空间和下层空间，上层地板作为第一地板4，下层地板作为第二地板5；上层空间内的座椅通过第一地板固定结构20固定至第一地板4，下层空间内的座椅通过第二地板固定结构30固定至第二地板5。每排座椅的延伸方向相对于车厢的长度方向垂直布置，每排座椅的横向方向的一侧与车厢的内装侧墙1相连，另一侧通过座椅底部的椅腿3与相应的第一地板4或第二地板5相连。
第一地板4可为双层客车的上层地板(例如可为铝地板)，第一地板固定结构20用于使座椅的椅腿3与第一地板4连接，第二地板5可为双层客车的下层地板(例如可为复合地板)，第二地板5可采用螺栓与车体底架固定。第二地板固定结构30用于使座椅的椅腿3与第二地板5连接。第二层车厢中的座椅的侧角铁2可利用上述的侧墙固定结构10与车体的内装侧墙1连接。
图6为利用本申请实施例提供的侧墙固定结构10和第二地板固定结构30安装座椅的结构示意图，图7为图6中D处的剖视示意图，图8为本申请实施例提供的车厢的安装件32的剖视示意图，图9为沿图7中E向投射的透视示意图。如图6-9所示，车厢还包括用于将座椅与车厢的第二地板5连接的第二地板固定结构30。第二地板固定结构30包括第三紧固件31和嵌设于第二地板5内的安装件32。安装件32包括构造成台阶状的小端部321和大端部322，小端部321位于大端部322的上方。第三紧固件31依次穿设连接于座椅的椅腿底板301和安装件32，将椅腿3安装在第二地板5上，安装方便。可选地，第 三紧固件31可为螺钉，而且，第三紧固件31的螺帽与椅腿底板301还可设置防松垫片33。
安装件32可增加第二地板5局部的强度。通过设置构造成台阶状的安装件32，安转件的大端部322可增加安装件32与第二地板5的接触面积，可减小座椅通过安装件32作用在第二地板5上的压强，也有助于力的分散，防止损伤第二地板5，进而可保证安装件32可稳固地嵌设在第二地板5中。安装件32可采用碳钢或不锈钢材料，增加安装件32的强度。
在本申请中的一种实施方式中，如图8所示，小端部321和大端部322均为圆板状结构，小端部321和大端部322层叠布置构造成台阶状结构。圆柱形的外表面可极大地释放应力集中，有助于力的分散并防止应力集中。可选地，小端部321的直径为40mm，大端部322的直径为80mm。安装件32的结构形式，可参考用于复合地板或内饰间壁板等内部预埋件。
如图7，第二地板固定结构30还包括用于夹设于椅腿底板301和安装件32之间的垫片33。安装件32上开设有第二螺纹孔323，第二螺纹孔323贯穿小端部321和大端部322。第三紧固件31依次穿过椅腿底板301、垫片33和第二螺纹孔323螺纹连接，大端部322上还开设有减重孔324，减重孔324与第二螺纹孔323连通。垫片33可增加第二地板5局部区域的强度，防止拧紧第三紧固件31时，压坏第二地板5。
可选地，垫片33的外周与第二地板5之间还设置有第二密封胶34，增加二者之间的密封性。
如图8所示，大端部322上还开设有用于使安装件32与第二地板5连接的第三螺纹孔325，多个第三螺纹孔325围绕小端部321间隔布置。如图7所示，通过螺钉穿过第二地板5和第三螺纹孔325将安装件32固定在第二地板5上。
第二地板5可为复合地板，在第二地板5用于固定安装件32的区域可设置密度较大的复合材料来增加该区域的强度。对下层地板现有车辆安装中，座 椅腿3一般固定在车体骨架上，此时内装地板5需断开避让骨架和调平，工艺难度较大。椅腿安装接口集成在内装地板上，取消了调平工序和提升外观。内装地板则可通过粘接或螺栓连接等固定在车体骨架上。
现有的轨道车辆在侧墙方向的固定结构为，沿车长方向在车体侧墙垂向骨架上焊接通长的不锈钢焊接座，将固定螺栓嵌入内装铝型材401中，并且将铝型材401固定在不锈钢焊接座上，来实现座椅和侧墙之间的固定。发明人发现，侧墙方向通长的不锈钢座和铝型材401连接，重量较重，增加整车重量。且座椅螺栓实际拽出时，内装铝型材固定的螺栓直接受力，工况不理想。
图14为本申请实施例提供的轨道车辆的车厢局部侧视示意图，如图14所示，沿所述车厢的长度方向间隔布置的多排座椅，每排所述座椅的延伸方向相对于所述车厢的长度方向垂直布置，多个所述导槽件11沿所述车厢的长度方向间隔布置，每排所述座椅对应连接于一个所述导槽件11。车厢包括座椅区域601和非座椅区域602。座椅区域601布置有座椅，非座椅区域602未布置座椅。每个座椅区域601均布置有导槽件11，单个导槽件11仅在单个座椅区域601内延伸，相邻的两个导槽件11之间为非座椅区域602，非座椅区域602未布置导槽件11，仅在需要安装座椅的座椅区域601布置导槽件11，这样一方面可减轻重量，另一方面，未布置导槽件11的非座椅区域602有助于加热器的热气迅速上升，提高热量传导效率。
根据设计要求，受到车长方向的动态冲击时，人体伤害程度需要控制在可承受范围内，为了抵消动载冲击，本申请的一种实施方式中，图10为本申请实施例提供的座椅骨架的正视结构示意图，图13为本申请实施例提供的座椅骨架的底部骨架7的结构示意图，如图10和图13所示，座椅包括座椅骨架和设置于座椅骨架底部的椅腿3，座椅骨架包括底部骨架7，底部骨架7包括矩形支撑管701和圆形支撑管702。矩形支撑管701沿车厢的长度方向延伸，圆形支撑管702沿车厢的宽度方向延伸。每个座椅下方设置有两根间隔设置的矩形支撑管701，且两根圆形支撑管702连接在矩形支撑管701之间以与矩形支 撑管701共同形成矩形的支撑框架。图11为图10中的局部放大示意图，如图11所示，矩形支撑管701内还设置有圆形加强管，从而加强矩形支撑管701的强度。
通过矩形支撑管701和圆形支撑管702形成框架结构作为座椅的底部骨架7，用于抵抗下部的冲击和扭转，在保证强度足够的同时，也能够减轻座椅骨架的重量，而且，在受到冲击时，可通过座椅骨架和椅腿3的变形来抵消动载冲击，从而保护座椅上的乘客。
为了增加椅腿3与底部骨架7的连接强度，如图10所示，底部骨架7还包括与矩形支撑管701延伸方向相同的U型连接杆703。U型连接杆703的两端分别与圆形支撑管702连接，第四紧固件704穿设连接于U型连接杆703和椅腿3。可通过螺栓穿过U型连接杆703和椅腿3的顶板连接。通过在椅腿3与底部骨架7的连接位置设置U型连接杆703，可增加椅腿3与底部骨架7的连接强度，保证二者之间连接的可靠性。
为了减小乘客对座椅骨架的冲击，座椅骨架还包括与底部骨架7连接的靠背骨架8。靠背骨架8包括头靠支撑杆801、靠背加强杆802和从底部骨架7向上延伸的靠背主骨架803。靠背主骨架803设置于每个座椅骨架的左右两侧。头靠支撑杆801与靠背主骨架803一一对应并且从靠背主骨架803的上端朝座椅的头靠处延伸。头靠支撑杆801在座椅的头靠与靠背的连接处设置有折弯部8011，折弯部8011使得头靠支撑杆801能够与靠背边缘的形状相一致。设置头靠支撑杆801可增加座椅的头靠处的强度。靠背加强杆802沿车厢的宽度方向延伸，并且靠背加强杆802连接在间隔设置的两个靠背主骨架803之间。可选地，靠背加强杆802、头靠支撑杆801的横截面均可为U型结构。
通过设置靠背加强杆802和头靠支撑杆801能够增加座椅靠背处的强度，当乘客向后躺时，可通过靠背加强杆802和头靠支撑杆801的变形来冲抵乘客对靠背的冲击，缓冲该冲击以保护乘客。
图12为本申请实施例提供的座椅骨架的侧视结构示意图，如图10和12 所示，靠背主骨架803包括构造成L型弯折结构的第一段8031和第二段8032，并且第一段8031从座椅的坐垫前端延伸至坐垫后端，第二段8032从坐垫后端向上延伸至座椅的靠背处。靠背主骨架803包括矩形外管8034和位于矩形外管8034内部的圆形内管8033，矩形外管8034和圆形内管8033共同弯折以构造成L型弯折结构。矩形外管8034内部的圆形内管8033可增加矩形外管8034的强度。构造成L型弯折结构的靠背主骨架803的一部分位于座椅的坐垫处一部分位于靠背处，这样有助于通过L型弯折结构的变形来缓冲乘客对座椅靠背的冲击，增加座椅的舒适性并保护乘客。其余乘员人脸和膝盖对应区域无骨架，而设置对应的发泡或柔性材料以及留有空隙等缓冲以降低乘员伤害值。
根据本申请实施例的第二个方面，还提供了一种轨道车辆，其包括上述的车厢。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，以轨道车辆正常行驶的方向一致，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以互相通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的 相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种车厢，包括座椅，其特征在于，所述座椅通过侧墙固定结构(10)固定至所述车厢的内装侧墙(1)上，所述侧墙固定结构(10)包括：
    导槽件(11)，夹设固定在所述车厢的竖向骨架(9)和所述车厢的内装侧墙(1)之间，所述导槽件(11)设置有沿所述车厢的长度方向延伸的安装槽(116)，所述导槽件(11)包括构造成C型截面的第一侧壁(111)、两个第二侧壁(112)和两个第三侧壁(113)，所述第一侧壁(111)连接在相对设置的两个所述第二侧壁(112)之间，所述第三侧壁(113)与所述第一侧壁(111)相对设置并且分别与所述第二侧壁(112)连接，两个所述第三侧壁(113)间隔设置并形成与所述安装槽(116)连通的开口(115)，所述导槽件(11)还包括回勾部(114)，两个所述第三侧壁(113)的远离所述第二侧壁(112)的一端均设置有所述回勾部(114)，所述回勾部(114)从与所述第三侧壁(113)的连接处朝向所述第一侧壁(111)延伸，所述开口(115)形成在两个所述回勾部(114)之间；
    第一安装滑块(12)，可滑动地设置于所述安装槽(116)内，所述第一安装滑块(12)朝向所述第三侧壁(113)的一侧设置有挤压表面(121)，所述回勾部(114)的远离所述第三侧壁(113)的一端抵靠于所述挤压表面(121)；
    第一紧固件(13)，用于依次穿设连接于所述第一安装滑块(12)、所述内装侧墙(1)和所述座椅的侧角铁(2)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述回勾部(114)与所述第二侧壁(112)平行设置，所述第二侧壁(112)、所述第三侧壁(113)和所述回勾部(114)共同构造成U型结构。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，每个所述第二侧壁(112)上开设有用于供加热器的热气上升的透气孔(117)，所述透气孔(117)与所述安装槽(116)连通，所述透气孔(117)的数量为多个且沿所述导槽件(11) 的长度方向间隔布置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述挤压表面(121)上设置有阶梯部(122)，所述阶梯部(122)凸出于所述挤压表面(121)，所述阶梯部(122)穿设于两个所述回勾部(114)之间的所述开口(115)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢包括沿所述车厢的长度方向间隔布置的多排座椅，每排所述座椅的延伸方向相对于所述车厢的长度方向垂直布置，多个所述导槽件(11)沿所述车厢的长度方向间隔布置，每排所述座椅对应连接于一个所述导槽件(11)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，还包括：用于将所述座椅与所述车厢的第一地板(4)连接的第一地板固定结构(20)，所述第一地板固定结构(20)包括用于套设于所述座椅的椅腿(3)底部的密封套(21)，所述密封套(21)包括用于套设于椅腿侧板的套筒部(211)和用于夹设于所述车厢的第一地板(4)和椅腿底板(301)之间的端部(212)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述第一地板固定结构(20)还包括第二安装滑块(22)、垫块(23)和第二紧固件(24)，所述第二安装滑块(22)用于与所述第一地板(4)中的滑槽(4012)滑动配合，所述第二安装滑块(22)中开设有第一螺纹孔(221)，所述垫块(23)用于夹设于所述椅腿底板(301)和所述第一地板(4)之间，所述第二紧固件(24)依次穿设于所述椅腿底板(301)、所述垫块(23)、所述第一地板(4)与所述第一螺纹孔(221)螺纹连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述垫块(23)的厚度小于所述密封套(21)的所述端部(212)的厚度，所述垫块(23)与所述垫块(23)所接触的所述第一地板(4)的区域采用相同的材料，并且所述垫块(23)的外周与所述第一地板(4)之间设置第一密封胶(25)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢还包括用于将所述 座椅与所述车厢的第二地板(5)连接的第二地板固定结构(30)，所述第二地板固定结构(30)包括第三紧固件(31)和嵌设于所述第二地板(5)内的安装件(32)，所述安装件(32)包括构造成台阶状的小端部(321)和大端部(322)，所述小端部(321)位于所述大端部(322)的上方，所述第三紧固件(31)依次穿设连接于所述座椅的椅腿底板(301)和所述安装件(32)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述小端部(321)和所述大端部(322)均为圆板状结构，所述小端部(321)和所述大端部(322)层叠布置构造成台阶状结构，所述大端部(322)上还开设有用于使所述安装件(32)与所述第二地板(5)连接的第三螺纹孔(325)，多个所述第三螺纹孔(325)围绕所述小端部(321)间隔布置。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述第二地板固定结构(30)还包括用于夹设于所述椅腿底板(301)和所述安装件(32)之间的垫片(33)，所述安装件(32)上开设有第二螺纹孔(323)，所述第二螺纹孔(323)贯穿所述小端部(321)和所述大端部(322)，所述第三紧固件(31)依次穿过所述椅腿底板(301)、所述垫片(33)和所述第二螺纹孔(323)螺纹连接，所述大端部(322)上还开设有减重孔(324)，所述减重孔(324)与所述第二螺纹孔(323)连通。
  12. 根据权利要求7或9所述的车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢内部空间通过上层地板划分为上层空间和下层空间，所述上层地板作为第一地板(4)，下层地板作为第二地板(5)；上层空间内的座椅通过第一地板固定结构(20)固定至所述第一地板(4)，下层空间内的座椅通过第二地板固定结构(30)固定至第二地板(5)；每排座椅的延伸方向相对于所述车厢的长度方向垂直布置，每排座椅的横向方向的一侧与所述车厢的内装侧墙(1)相连，另一侧通过座椅底部的椅腿(3)与相应的所述第一地板(4)或所述第二地板(5)相连。
  13. 一种轨道车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-12任一项所述的车厢。
PCT/CN2021/134758 2021-05-14 2021-12-01 车厢及轨道车辆 WO2022237136A1 (zh)

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