WO2022222542A1 - 一种编码元件和防伪产品 - Google Patents

一种编码元件和防伪产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022222542A1
WO2022222542A1 PCT/CN2021/143395 CN2021143395W WO2022222542A1 WO 2022222542 A1 WO2022222542 A1 WO 2022222542A1 CN 2021143395 W CN2021143395 W CN 2021143395W WO 2022222542 A1 WO2022222542 A1 WO 2022222542A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coding
markers
marker
element according
coding element
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PCT/CN2021/143395
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙凯
杨栋
Original Assignee
中钞特种防伪科技有限公司
中国印钞造币总公司
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Priority to EP21937764.5A priority Critical patent/EP4328797A1/en
Publication of WO2022222542A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022222542A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06037—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking multi-dimensional coding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06046—Constructional details
    • G06K19/0615—Constructional details the marking being of the rewritable type, e.g. thermo-chromic barcodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06046—Constructional details
    • G06K19/0614—Constructional details the marking being selective to wavelength, e.g. color barcode or barcodes only visible under UV or IR

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of anti-counterfeiting, and in particular relates to a coding element and an anti-counterfeiting product.
  • Encoding technology is usually deployed on data carriers such as banknotes, financial instruments (such as value or certification documents) and other valuables (such as brand-name items) to verify the authenticity of the data carrier while preventing it from being copied without permission.
  • the communication between the verification terminal and the data carrier is established through the network, so as to verify the authenticity of the data carrier.
  • it is necessary to use digital printing equipment or coding equipment to produce variable codes.
  • this kind of code is easy to be recorded by scanning, photographing, etc. and then reproduced in batches with commercial digital printing equipment, thereby destroying the "uniqueness" of each code.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is a coding element and an anti-counterfeiting product.
  • the present application implements an encoding system of "one object, one code", and realizes the uniqueness of the encoding through random encoding information that cannot be preset.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a coding element and an anti-counterfeiting product, including: a substrate having a coding region; and at least one group of markers on the coding region, wherein at least one of the attributes of the same group of markers is One is the same; the markers are randomly distributed so that the encoded information of the coding element is random.
  • the positions of the markers are randomly distributed in a non-predeterminable manner.
  • the coding information of the coding element is obtained according to the position of the marker in the coding region.
  • the attributes of the marker include shape, color, size, text, and orientation.
  • the color includes colors observed at different angles.
  • the lateral dimension of the marker is in the range of 20 microns to 1000 microns, preferably in the range of 100 microns to 500 microns, and the lateral dimension is the distance between the two farthest points on the marker; the thickness of the marker is in the range of 0.1 microns to 40 microns, preferably in the range of 0.5 microns to 20 microns.
  • the ratio of the lateral dimension to the thickness of the marker is greater than 5, preferably greater than 10.
  • the markers are randomly distributed over the coding region by coating and/or printing.
  • the number of overlapping markers in the coding region is less than a preset value, and the preset value is 10% of the total number of markers, preferably 1% of the total number of markers.
  • the marker includes one or more of a metal coating, a dielectric coating, and a plastic layer.
  • the coding element further includes a position detection pattern, which is located on the substrate, and the position detection pattern is used to determine the range of the coding area.
  • the coding element includes at least three position detection patterns.
  • At least 10 markers are included on the coding region of the coding element.
  • the coding element further includes an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element.
  • the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is located on the substrate, and preferably, the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element overlaps the position detection pattern and/or the coding area.
  • the working principles of the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element are grating diffraction, reflection by micro-reflection surface, surface plasmon resonance absorption, interference, color generation by fixed height difference, sampling and magnification of the microlens array, and mopping of the periodic microlens array. at least one of the sampling amplification.
  • the pigments of the optically variable security element are optically variable pigments and/or optically variable magnetic pigments.
  • the substrate is at least one of paper, plastic and metal.
  • the size of the coding area is 1 mm 2 -1000 mm 2 , preferably 10 mm 2 -100 mm 2 .
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides an anti-counterfeiting product, which is characterized in that the anti-counterfeiting product includes the above coding element.
  • anti-counterfeiting products include banknotes, ID cards, product packaging, bank cards or money orders.
  • the present application realizes the uniqueness of the coding element, and can realize random coding information that cannot be preset, and further improves the difficulty of forgery and the anti-counterfeiting of the coding element in combination with the optical anti-counterfeiting technology.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an encoding element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an encoding element of another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coding mode of a coding element of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the implementation of the coding element of the present application on a banknote.
  • the second marker 15 The overlapping area of the two markers
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coding element according to the present application.
  • the coding element 1 includes: a substrate with a coding region on the substrate; at least one group of markers on the coding region, and at least one of the attributes of the same group of markers is the same; the markers are randomly distributed, so that the coding information of the coding element 1 is random.
  • the square block diagram area is the first coding area 12
  • the size of the coding area is 1 mm 2 -1000 mm 2 , preferably 10 mm 2 -100 mm 2 .
  • the attribute of the first marker 13 is a square marker with a character "A"inside; the attribute of the second marker 14 is a circular marker with a grid pattern. According to the position of the marker in the coding region, the coding information of coding element 1 is obtained.
  • the marker may be a sheet-like object with a lateral dimension preferably greater than 5 times its thickness so that it can have an easily controllable and uniform orientation.
  • the positions of the markers are randomly distributed in a non-predeterminable manner, preventing other personnel from recording by scanning, photographing, etc., and then combining with commercial digital printing equipment for batch copying, realizing the "uniqueness" of each code.
  • Markers need to have a common attribute to distinguish between markers and non-markers when scanning for accurate reading.
  • the common attributes can be that the markers have the same shape, the same lateral size, the surface with the same graphics, the same orientation, the same front color, the same color changes with the angle, etc., or it can have multiple markers at the same time.
  • the same properties such as having the same shape, size, color, and orientation.
  • the marker has a lateral dimension of 20 microns to 1000 microns, preferably in the range of 100 microns to 500 microns, and a thickness of 0.1 microns to 40 microns, preferably in the range of 0.5 microns to 20 microns, and the ratio of lateral dimension to thickness is greater than 5, preferably greater than 10.
  • the marker can be completed by a process similar to the production of optically variable pigments or optically variable magnetic pigments, that is, by vacuum evaporation to produce a multi-layer coating containing metal and/or a medium, and then peeling it off from the substrate and pulverizing it.
  • the markers produced by such a fabrication process generally have a lateral dimension of 10 micrometers to 50 micrometers and a thickness of 0.1 micrometers to 2 micrometers.
  • the markers can also be made by cutting.
  • the thin film material with the coating or color layer is cut into fine flakes by a precise cutting tool.
  • the sheets thus produced usually have layers of plastics such as PET, PVC, OPP, etc.
  • the cutting method can also pulverize the co-extruded film containing multiple layers of high and low refractive index into powders with a size of 20 microns to 1000 microns.
  • the marker can also use metal pigments of copper-zinc alloy materials; pearlescent pigments containing "mica/metal oxide” structure; glass microbead powder materials with a size of 50 microns to 250 microns; liquid crystal capsule pigments; photonic crystal pigments; Pigments containing metallic nanoparticles or submicron gratings coated with metal, etc.
  • the marker can be applied to the coding area on the substrate by coating or printing, and the specific method can be silk screen printing, flexo printing, offset printing, gravure printing and the like.
  • the areal density of the marker on the print can be controlled.
  • the number of markers is a fixed value
  • the required amount of ink can be calculated from the fixed value and the area of the marker, which is the amount of ink used to control the maximum areal density of the markers on the printed matter.
  • a magnetic field can also be applied on-line to the marker with a magnetic substance to make it oriented in a specific direction.
  • the markers are distributed on the substrate in a random manner, and the specific position of each marker cannot be controlled or set in advance during the coating and printing process.
  • the coverage and overlap between the markers should be less, and the number of overlapping markers in the coding region is less than the preset value, which is 10% of the total number of markers, preferably the total number of markers. 1% of the quantity.
  • the encoding element also includes a first position detection pattern 11, which is located on the substrate.
  • the coding element includes at least three first position detection patterns 11 .
  • the first coding area 12 is determined according to the rectangular area framed by the three first position detection patterns 11.
  • the three first position detection patterns 11 are located at three vertices of a rectangle, and are used to correct the rotation, scaling, and unevenness of the substrate of the scanned image. Distortion, lens distortion, etc.
  • there are three position detection patterns at the three vertices of a rectangular area and the pattern is designed with light and dark. The pattern can be photographed or scanned with various devices for identification.
  • the markers in the coding region may overlap, and the overlapping region 15 of the two markers is the overlapping region of the first marker 13 and the second marker 14 .
  • the number of overlapping markers in the coding region is less than a preset value, which is 10% of the total number of markers, preferably 1% of the total number of markers. Overlapping markers can be ignored in programming and not counted in coding sequences.
  • the optically variable security element is located on the substrate, preferably, the optically variable security element overlaps the position detection pattern and/or the coding area.
  • the pigments of the optically variable security element are optically variable pigments and/or optically variable magnetic pigments.
  • Optically variable security elements use colors produced using a fixed height difference.
  • the working principle of optical variable anti-counterfeiting element is grating diffraction, reflection of micro-reflection surface, surface plasmon resonance absorption, interference, color generation by fixed height difference, sampling amplification of microlens array, and Moire sampling amplification of periodic microlens array. at least one of.
  • optically variable anti-counterfeiting elements please refer to the existing application documents CN107995894A, 201811109920.11, 201410376973.5, WO2015/113718A1, US 6808806B2, WO2016/193252A1 and the like.
  • the pigments of the optically variable security element are optically variable pigments and/or optically variable magnetic pigments.
  • the first optically variable anti-counterfeiting element 16 overlaps with the first position detection pattern 11.
  • the color can be generated by grating diffraction, reflection by micro-reflection surface, surface plasmon resonance absorption, interference, fixed height difference, and microlens array.
  • the principle of sampling amplification and other principles forms anti-counterfeiting features such as angular discoloration, dynamic, three-dimensional and so on.
  • the optically variable magnetic pigment based on the interference principle can form anti-counterfeiting features such as angular discoloration, dynamic and three-dimensional under the action of a magnetic field, and markers can be arranged on the anti-counterfeiting features.
  • the innermost part of the position detection pattern is a raised Fresnel relief effect
  • the outer circle of the relief is a holographic dynamic effect.
  • the existence of the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element can effectively prevent forgery caused by high-resolution photography, scanning, copying, and printing.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an encoding element of the present application, which is another embodiment of an encoding element of the present application.
  • the coding element 2 shown is a schematic side view, including two groups of markers, one group of which is a green circular fourth marker 22 , and the fourth marker 22 and the surface of the substrate 21 have a preset included angle
  • the same attribute of the fourth marker 22 is that the color is green, the shape is a circle, and there is a preset angle value with the substrate 21; the other group is a red "cross"-shaped third marker 23, and the first
  • the three markers 23 are tiled on the surface of the substrate 21 , and the third marker 23 has the same attribute as a red color and a "cross" shape, and is tiled on the surface of the substrate 21 .
  • the substrate 21 is at least one of paper, plastic and metal.
  • the substrate 21 is cotton fiber paper, and its thickness is 60-120 microns; the substrate 21 can also be a PET plastic film, and its thickness is 10-40 microns.
  • the attributes of the marker 21 include shape, color, size, text, and orientation.
  • the code can be read by shooting at a specific angle to see only one type of marker, or programmed to read only markers of a specific shape or color.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coding manner of a coding element of the present application.
  • the size of the coding area is 1 mm 2 -1000 mm 2 , preferably 10 mm 2 -100 mm 2 , and at least 10 markers are included on the coding area of the coding element.
  • a possible coding method the presence or absence of the marker in a certain area defines the coding of 1 or 0, grid the coding area, and the size of the grid is related to the size of the marker, preferably the marker 1-3 times the size, if the center of the marker is within a grid, the grid corresponds to code 1, and if it does not appear, it corresponds to code 0.
  • the number of codes grows rapidly with the number of grids and the number of markers. For example, a 10*10 grid with 30 markers would provide at least coding possibilities.
  • a sufficient number of codes can guarantee the use of never-repeated codes on the carrier.
  • the coding element 3 includes: three second position detection patterns 31 , a second coding area 32 , and a marker 33 .
  • the second position detection pattern 31 is a black and white circle
  • the second coding area 32 is divided into a 10*10 grid
  • the markers 33 are circular markers
  • the markers 33 are randomly distributed on the coding area.
  • the position of the center of the circle of 33 determines the data for each grid.
  • the first grid 34 is a grid with a marker 33, corresponding to the code "1”
  • the second grid 35 is a grid without the marker 33, corresponding to the code "0".
  • the markers 33 are randomly distributed, so that the encoding information of the encoding element 3 is random. According to the position of the marker 33 in the encoding area, the encoding information of the encoding element 3 is obtained.
  • the specific encoding grid is:
  • the second coding area 32 may also be divided into grids of other formats.
  • the coding information of the coding element 3 can be obtained according to the position of the marker 33 in the coding area, and is not limited to judging according to the dots of the marker 33, but also includes judging according to the center point of the marker 33, judging according to the area coverage of the marker 33, etc. .
  • the complexity of the coded information determines the anti-counterfeiting ability of the coding element 3, and the more responsible the coded information is, the stronger the anti-counterfeiting ability is.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the implementation of the coding element of the present application on a banknote.
  • the banknote 4 includes a window security thread 43, a coding element 41, a second optically variable anti-counterfeiting element 42, and three position detection areas.
  • the coding element 41 is of a Fresnel relief type. Both the coding area and the position detection area are located in the second optically variable anti-counterfeiting element 42, and the window-opening security thread 43 also has optically variable anti-counterfeiting features, and the colors observed at different angles are different.
  • Coding elements can be used for high value-added items such as banknotes, especially paper banknotes, polymer banknotes or ID cards such as credit cards, bank cards, cash cards, authorization cards, product packaging, money orders, personal ID cards or passport personal pages .

Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种编码元件和防伪产品，包括：承印物，该承印物上有编码区；所述编码区上有至少一组标记物，同组标记物的属性中至少一种相同；所述标记物随机分布，使得所述编码元件的编码信息呈随机性。本申请实现了"一物一码"的编码体系，通过不可预设的随机编码信息，实现了编码的唯一性。

Description

一种编码元件和防伪产品
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年4月20日提交至中国专利局、申请号为202110426270.9，申请名称为“一种编码元件和防伪产品”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于防伪领域，具体地涉及一种编码元件和防伪产品。
背景技术
编码技术通常配置在钞票、金融票据等数据载体(如有价或证明文件)和其它贵重物品(如名牌物品)，用来验证数据载体的真实性，同时防止其被未经许可的复制。通过网络建立核验终端和数据载体之间的通信，从而对数据载体的真实性进行验证。目前，为对大批量产品建立“一物一码”的编码体系，需要使用数字印刷设备或打码设备制作可变的编码。但是这种编码是容易采用扫描、拍照等方式记录并采用商用的数字印刷设备进行批量复制的，从而破坏每个编码的“唯一性”。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的是一种编码元件和防伪产品。本申请实现了“一物一码”的编码体系，通过不可预设的随机编码信息，实现了编码的唯一性。
本申请的申请人通过研究发现，在现有的技术方法中，为对大批量产品建立“一物一码”的编码体系，需要使用数字印刷设备或打码设备制作可变的编码。但是这种编码是容易采用扫描、拍照等方式记录并采用商用的 数字印刷设备进行批量复制的，从而破坏每个编码的“唯一性”。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种编码元件和防伪产品，包括：承印物，该承印物上有编码区；编码区上有至少一组标记物，同组标记物的属性中至少一种相同；标记物随机分布，使得编码元件的编码信息呈随机性。
可选的，标记物的位置以不可预设的方式随机分布。
可选的，根据标记物在编码区的位置，得到编码元件的编码信息。
可选的，标记物的属性包括形状、颜色、尺寸、图文以及朝向。
可选的，颜色包括不同角度被观察到的颜色。
可选的，标记物的横向尺寸范围为20微米-1000微米，优选范围为100微米-500微米，横向尺寸为标记物上相距最远的两点之间的距离；标记物的厚度范围为0.1微米-40微米，优选范围为0.5微米-20微米。
可选的，标记物的横向尺寸与厚度的比值大于5，优选大于10。
可选的，标记物通过涂布和/或印刷方式随机分布在编码区上。
可选的，编码区中发生重叠的标记物的数量小于预设值，预设值为总标记物数量的10％，优选为总标记物数量的1％。
可选的，标记物包括金属镀层、介质镀层、塑料层中的一者或多者。
可选的，编码元件还包括位置探测图形，位于承印物上，位置探测图形用于确定编码区的范围。
可选的，编码元件包括至少三个位置探测图形。
可选的，编码元件的编码区上包括至少10个标记物。
可选的，编码元件还包括光可变防伪元件。
可选的，光可变防伪元件位于承印物上，优选的，该光可变防伪元件与位置探测图形和/或编码区交叠。
可选的，光可变防伪元件的工作原理为光栅衍射、微反射面的反射、 表面等离子体共振吸收、干涉、固定高度差产生颜色、微透镜阵列的采样放大以及周期性微透镜阵列的莫尔采样放大中的至少一种。
可选的，光可变防伪元件的颜料为光变颜料和/或光变磁性颜料。
可选的，承印物为纸张、塑料和金属中的至少一种。
可选的，编码区尺寸为1mm 2-1000mm 2，优选为10mm 2-100mm 2。
相应的，本申请实施例还提供一种防伪产品，其特征在于，该防伪产品包括以上的编码元件。
可选的，防伪产品包括钞票、身份证、产品包装、银行卡或汇票。
通过上述技术方案，本申请实现了编码元件的唯一性，并可实现不可预设的随机编码信息，结合光学防伪技术进一步提高伪造难度，提升了编码元件的防伪性。
本申请实施例的其它特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本申请实施例的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本申请实施例，但并不构成对本申请实施例的限制。在附图中：
图1是本申请的一个实施例的编码元件示意图；
图2是本申请的另一个实施例的编码元件示意图；
图3是本申请的一种编码元件的编码方式示意图；
图4是本申请的编码元件在钞票上实施的示意图。
附图标记说明
1   编码元件               11第一位置探测图形
12 第一编码区             13第一标记物
14 第二标记物             15两标记物重叠区域
16 第一光可变防伪元件
2  编码元件               21承印物
22 第四标记物             23第三标记物
3  编码元件               31第二位置探测图形
32 第二编码区             33圆形标记物
34 第一网格               35第二网格
4  钞票                  41编码元件
42 第二光可变防伪元件     43开窗安全线
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本申请实施例的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本申请实施例，并不用于限制本申请实施例。
图1为本申请的一种编码元件示意图。编码元件1包括：承印物，该承印物上有编码区；编码区上有至少一组标记物，同组标记物的属性中至少一种相同；标记物随机分布，使得编码元件1的编码信息呈随机性。
如图1所示，方形框图区域为第一编码区12，编码区尺寸为1mm 2-1000mm 2，优选为10mm 2-100mm 2。第一编码区12内有两组标记物：第一标记物13、第二标记物14。标记物的属性包括形状、颜色、尺寸、图文以及朝向。颜色包括不同角度被观察到的颜色。第一标记物13的属性为方形标记物，内部带有字符“A”；第二标记物14的属性为圆形标记物，并带有网格花纹。根据标记物在编码区的位置，得到编码元件1的编码信息。
标记物可采用薄片状的物体，其横向尺寸优选大于其厚度的5倍，从而 能够具有易于控制且统一的朝向。标记物的位置以不可预设的方式随机分布，防止了其他人员采用扫描、拍照等方式记录，然后结合商用的数字印刷设备进行批量复制，实现了每个编码的“唯一性”。标记物需具有一个共同的属性，以便于扫描时区分标记物和非标记物，从而进行准确的识读。共同属性可以是标记物具有相同的形状、相同的横向尺寸、表面带有相同的图文、相同的朝向、相同的正面颜色、相同的颜色随角度变化情况等等，也可以是同时具有多个相同的属性，例如具有相同的形状、尺寸、颜色和朝向。标记物的横向尺寸为20微米-1000微米，优选范围为100微米-500微米，而厚度为0.1微米-40微米，优选范围为0.5微米-20微米，横向尺寸与厚度的比值大于5，优选为大于10。标记物可通过类似制作光变颜料或光变磁性颜料的工艺完成，即通过真空蒸镀制作多层包含金属和/或介质的镀层，再将其从基材上剥离粉碎。这样的制作工艺生产的标记物的横向尺寸通常为10微米-50微米，厚度为0.1微米-2微米。标记物还可通过切割的方式制作，通过精密的切割刀具将带有镀层或颜色层的薄膜材料切割为细小的薄片，通常的横向尺寸为20微米-1000微米，厚度为10微米-40微米，这样制作的薄片通常具有PET、PVC、OPP等塑料层。切割的方式还可以针对包含多个高、低折射率叠层的共挤膜进行粉碎，使之成为尺寸为20微米-1000微米的粉体。标记物还可采用铜锌合金材料的金属颜料；包含“云母/金属氧化物”结构的珠光颜料；尺寸为50微米-250微米的玻璃微珠粉体材料；液晶胶囊型颜料；光子晶体颜料；包含金属纳米颗粒或镀有金属的亚微米光栅的颜料等等。
标记物可通过涂布或印刷的方式的施加在承印物上的编码区，具体方式可以是丝印、柔印、胶印、凹印等等。通过控制包含标记物的油墨的固含量，即标记物浓度，可以控制印品上的标记物的面密度。当标记物数量为固定值时，可通过其固定值和标记物的面积计算出需要的油墨量，该油 墨量为控制印品上的标记物的面密度的最大时的用墨量。根据在涂布或印刷过程中，对带有磁性物质的标记物还可以在线施加磁场使之朝向特定的方向。在涂布或印刷之后，标记物以随机的方式分布在承印物上，每个标记物的具体位置是涂布和印刷过程中不可预先控制或设定的。为利于分辨和读取，标记物之间的覆盖和重叠应较少，编码区中发生重叠的标记物的数量小于预设值，预设值为总标记物数量的10％，优选为总标记物数量的1％。
编码元件还包括第一位置探测图形11，位于承印物上。编码元件包括至少三第一位置探测图形11。根据三个第一位置探测图形11框出矩形区域确定第一编码区12，三个第一位置探测图形11位于一个矩形的三个顶点，用于校正扫描图像的旋转、缩放、基材不平整变形、镜头变形等变化因素。按照快速响应码的标准，在一个矩形区域的三个顶点存在三个位置探测图形，且该图形为明暗相间的设计方式，该图形可以使用多种设备拍照或扫描识别。
编码区的标记物可以重叠，两标记物重叠区域15为第一标记物13和第二标记物14的重叠区域。为实现编码的准确和易于读取，编码区中发生重叠的标记物的数量小于预设值，预设值为总标记物数量的10％，优选为总标记物数量的1％。程序处理中可将重叠的标记物忽略，不计入编码序列。
光可变防伪元件位于承印物上，优选的，该光可变防伪元件与位置探测图形和/或编码区交叠。光可变防伪元件的颜料为光变颜料和/或光变磁性颜料。光可变防伪元件采用利用固定高度差产生的颜色。光可变防伪元件的工作原理为光栅衍射、微反射面的反射、表面等离子体共振吸收、干涉、固定高度差产生颜色、微透镜阵列的采样放大以及周期性微透镜阵列的莫尔采样放大中的至少一种。这些光可变防伪元件可参见已有申请文件CN107995894A、201811109920.11、201410376973.5、WO2015/113718A1, US 6808806B2、WO2016/193252A1等。光可变防伪元件的颜料为光变颜料和/或光变磁性颜料。图1中第一光可变防伪元件16与第一位置探测图形11交叠，具体可以通过光栅衍射、微反射面的反射、表面等离子体共振吸收、干涉、固定高度差产生颜色、微透镜阵列的采样放大等原理形成随角变色、动感、立体等防伪特征。基于干涉原理的光变磁性颜料在磁场作用下可形成随角变色、动感、立体等防伪特征，在该防伪特征之上可布置标记物。例如，在位置探测图形最内部为一个凸起的菲涅尔浮雕效果，浮雕外圈为全息动感效果。该光可变防伪元件的存在可有效的防止高分辨率照相、扫描、复印、打印所造成的伪造。
图2是本申请的一种编码元件示意图，为本申请一种编码元件的另一个实施例。如图2所示，所示编码元件2为侧面示意图，包括两组标记物，一组为绿色圆形的第四标记物22，且第四标记物22与承印物21表面存在预设夹角值，第四标记物22的相同属性为颜色为绿色，形状为圆形、与承印物21存在预设夹角值；另一组为红色的“十”字形的第三标记物23，且第三标记物23平铺于承印物21表面，第三标记物23的相同属性为颜色为红色，形状为“十”字形，平铺于承印物21表面。承印物21为纸张、塑料和金属中的至少一种。例如：承印物21为棉纤维纸张，其厚度为60微米-120微米；承印物21还可以是PET塑料膜，其厚度为10微米-40微米。标记物21的属性包括形状、颜色、尺寸、图文以及朝向。读取编码时可以在特定角度拍摄，从而只看到一种标记物，或通过程序只读取特定形状或颜色的标记物。
图3是本申请的一种编码元件的编码方式示意图。为提供足够多可能的编码，编码区尺寸为1mm 2-1000mm 2，优选为10mm 2-100mm 2，编码元件的编码区上包括至少10个标记物。一种可采用的编码方式：对标记物在某个区域的出现或不出现定义1或0的编码，将编码区的网格化，网格的尺寸与 标记物的尺寸相关，优选为标记物尺寸的1-3倍，如果标记物的中心位于某个网格内，则该网格对应于编码1，不出现则对应编码0。编码的数量随着网格数量和标记物的数量快速增长。例如，10*10的网格内如果有30个标记物，则可至少提供
Figure PCTCN2021143395-appb-000001
种编码的可能性。足够多的编码数量可以为实现使用载体上永不重复的编码提供保证。
如图3所示，该编码元件3包括：三个第二位置探测图形31，第二编码区32，标记物33。第二位置探测图形31为黑白相间的圆形，第二编码区32被划分为10*10的网格，标记物33为圆形标记物，标记物33随机分布在编码区上，根据标记物33的圆心的位置确定每个网格的数据。第一网格34为带有标记物33的网格，对应编码“1”，而第二网格35为没有标记物33的网格，对应编码“0”。标记物33随机分布，使得编码元件3的编码信息呈随机性，根据标记物33在编码区的位置，得到编码元件3的编码信息，具体的编码网格为：
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
第二编码区32还可以被划分为其他格式的网格。根据标记物33在编码区的位置，得到编码元件3的编码信息，也不限于根据标记物33的圆点判 断，还包括根据标记物33的中心点判断、根据标记物33面积覆盖率判断等。编码信息的复杂性决定编码元件3的防伪能力，编码信息越负责，其防伪能力越强。
图4是本申请的编码元件在钞票上实施的示意图。如图所示，钞票4包括开窗安全线43和编码元件41、第二光可变防伪元件42、三个位置探测区。编码区上有至少一组标记物，同组标记物的属性中至少一种相同；标记物随机分布，使得编码元件41的编码信息呈随机性。该编码元件41为菲涅尔浮雕方式。编码区和位置探测区均位于第二光可变防伪元件42之内，开窗安全线43也带有光可变防伪特征，不同角度被观察到的颜色是不同的。
编码元件可用于高附加值的物品，例如钞票，特别是纸质钞票，聚合物钞票或者证卡，比如信用卡、银行卡、现金卡、授权卡、产品包装、汇票、个人身份证或者护照个人页。
以上结合附图详细描述了本申请实施例的可选实施方式，但是，本申请实施例并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本申请实施例的技术构思范围内，可以对本申请实施例的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本申请实施例的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本申请实施例对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本申请实施例的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本申请实施例的思想，其同样应当视为本申请实施例所公开的内容。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种编码元件，其特征在于，包括：
    承印物，该承印物上有编码区；
    所述编码区上有至少一组标记物，同组标记物的属性中至少一种相同；
    所述标记物随机分布，使得所述编码元件的编码信息呈随机性。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述标记物的位置以不可预设的方式随机分布。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    根据标记物在所述编码区的位置，得到所述编码元件的编码信息。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，所述标记物的属性包括形状、颜色、尺寸、图文以及朝向。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述颜色包括不同角度被观察到的颜色。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述标记物的横向尺寸范围为20微米-1000微米，优选范围为100微米-500微米，所述横向尺寸为所述标记物上相距最远的两点之间的距离；
    所述标记物的厚度范围为0.1微米-40微米，优选范围为0.5微米-20微米。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述标记物的横向尺寸与厚度的比值大于5，优选大于10。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述标记物通过涂布和/或印刷方式随机分布在所述编码区上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述编码区中发生重叠的标记物的数量小于预设值，
    所述预设值为总标记物数量的10％，优选为总标记物数量的1％。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述标记物包括金属镀层、介质镀层、塑料层中的一者或多者。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述编码元件还包括位置探测图形，位于所述承印物上，
    所述位置探测图形用于确定所述编码区的范围。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述编码元件包括至少三个位置探测图形。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述编码元件的所述编码区上包括至少10个标记物。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述编码元件还包括光可变防伪元件。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述光可变防伪元件位于所述承印物上，优选的，该光可变防伪元件 与位置探测图形和/或编码区交叠。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述光可变防伪元件的工作原理为光栅衍射、微反射面的反射、表面等离子体共振吸收、干涉、固定高度差产生颜色、微透镜阵列的采样放大以及周期性微透镜阵列的莫尔采样放大中的至少一种。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述光可变防伪元件的颜料为光变颜料和/或光变磁性颜料。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述承印物为纸张、塑料和金属中的至少一种。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的编码元件，其特征在于，
    所述编码区尺寸为1mm 2-1000mm 2，优选为10mm 2-100mm 2。
  20. 一种防伪产品，其特征在于，该防伪产品包括权利要求1-19中任一项所述的编码元件。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的防伪产品，其特征在于，所述防伪产品包括钞票、身份证、银行卡或汇票。
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