WO2022218977A2 - Neuartiger schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat - Google Patents
Neuartiger schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022218977A2 WO2022218977A2 PCT/EP2022/059744 EP2022059744W WO2022218977A2 WO 2022218977 A2 WO2022218977 A2 WO 2022218977A2 EP 2022059744 W EP2022059744 W EP 2022059744W WO 2022218977 A2 WO2022218977 A2 WO 2022218977A2
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- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0086—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique
- D06N3/0088—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique by directly applying the resin
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/18—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials
- D06N3/183—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials the layers are one next to the other
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
- D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
- D06Q1/10—Decorating textiles by treatment with, or fixation of, a particulate material, e.g. mica, glass beads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
- B32B2262/065—Lignocellulosic fibres, e.g. jute, sisal, hemp, flax, bamboo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2437/00—Clothing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2451/00—Decorative or ornamental articles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06N2201/042—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
- D06N2201/045—Lignocellulosic fibres, e.g. jute, sisal, hemp, flax, bamboo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
- D06N2203/02—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- D06N2203/024—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
- D06N2205/02—Dispersion
- D06N2205/023—Emulsion, aqueous dispersion, latex
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/14—Properties of the materials having chemical properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
- D06N2211/10—Clothing
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
- D06N2211/12—Decorative or sun protection articles
- D06N2211/28—Artificial leather
Definitions
- the invention relates to a layered composite for use as imitation leather, an item of clothing comprising the layered
- the leather industry is one of the most polluting industries.
- the chemicals used in tanning in particular antibiotics, tanning agents, biocides and volatile organic chemicals such as formaldehyde, can cause lasting damage to the environment if used improperly.
- a correspondingly appropriate use of the chemicals requires a high expenditure of time and money.
- some of the substances used can remain in the material and only escape during later use. This entails health risks for the end customer.
- DE 1635546 A describes an artificial leather that is produced by means of papermaking techniques, the artificial leather essentially consisting of non-fibrous elastomeric polyurethane with small amounts of staple fibers, preferably synthetic fibers or leather fibers, being added.
- DE 19937808 A1 relates to a leather substitute material which has an essentially fabric-like carrier layer, a thinner barrier layer applied thereto and a cover layer provided on the barrier layer.
- DE 102015101331 A1 relates to a translucent artificial leather with a textile support structure and with at least one layer made of PU or PVC.
- the layered composite can also have a surface finish.
- the imitation leathers obtained by these processes have some advantages over animal leather.
- PVC synthetic leather is inexpensive and robust, whereas PU synthetic leather has advantageous material properties such as repeated washability. Since imitation leather is a continuous material, it is also much easier to cut than animal leather. The manufacturing process is also considerably shorter, since the time-consuming tanning process is no longer necessary.
- leatherette manufacturers are not tied to the market availability of specific animal skins.
- the previously known artificial leather materials are essentially based on synthetic plastics that are produced from finite fossil resources such as crude oil and are not biodegradable. In addition, such artificial leather materials usually still contain solvent or dispersant residues and plasticizers and are therefore not completely harmless to health.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an artificial leather that is easier to produce and that can be produced in a more environmentally friendly or sustainable manner than the known natural and/or synthetic leather, which is at least partially biodegradable and can be applied in as broad a field as possible.
- a layered composite for use as imitation leather which has the following layers or consists of these: a) a carrier layer which has textile material or consists of this, and b) a decorative layer, the decorative layer comprising or consisting of the following components: i. a binder, ii.
- a filler material comprising an inorganic salt and/or lignin and/or a combination of plant leaf material and a gum material, preferably starch gum, and iii. a humectant.
- a protective top layer can be dispensed with entirely in the layered composite according to the invention.
- a decorative layer that has sufficient stability and durability.
- the decorative layer therefore not only assumes optical and haptic functions, but is also essential for the structural stability and flexibility of the layered composite.
- the decorative layer has a total of three components, a binder, a filler and a humectant.
- the binder serves as a matrix material for accommodating the filling material, which gives the decorative layer its mechanical stability.
- a flexible, ie elastically stretchable and bendable but stable layer is formed.
- the third component, the humectant prevents the decorative layer from drying out.
- the decorative layer can also have several of the respective components, for example several different humectants.
- the layered composite can also have a number of decorative and/or carrier layers. By combining several decorative and/or carrier layers, the optical and structural properties of the layered composite can be adjusted even more individually. The mechanical properties of the decorative layer and thus those of the layer composite can be controlled in particular via the properties of the filling material, above all its hardness.
- an inorganic salt as a filling material
- a significantly stronger material can generally be obtained, whereas a vegetable leaf material as a filling material tends to lead to soft, ie highly flexible, layered composites.
- Lignin as a filler also leads to a comparatively strong decorative layer.
- the decorative layer not only gives the layered composite a good grip, an attractive appearance and sufficient stability, but also creates a pleasant scent. This effect can be intensified in particular by the fact that the individual layers of the composite are partially or completely needled and not glued and/or pressed. As a result, the layered composite has increased permeability.
- the layer structure according to the invention can therefore be used in a large number of different applications.
- the binder serves as a matrix material for the filling material. It is therefore present in the decorative layer in its set form and thus enables the filling material to be firmly embedded in the decorative layer.
- the binder is particularly preferably an organic binder. It is particularly preferably a—preferably organic—polymeric binder such as a crosslinked or partially crosslinked polymer.
- the combination of binder and filling material makes it possible to obtain a decorative layer with sufficient stability that is (elastically) deformable at the same time.
- the layered composite is also similar to a leather material in terms of its other properties, such as rub fastness and wear resistance.
- the decorative layer In order to retain these properties over a longer period of time, in particular those achieved by the mixture of filling material and binder, the decorative layer must have a humectant.
- a humectant is an additive that prevents the decorative layer from drying out by binding water and/or attracting moisture from the air. This preserves the elastic deformability.
- plant leaf material means whole or comminuted untreated or treated leaves, in particular leaf dust.
- “Treated leaves” are understood to mean those plant leaves or comminuted sections thereof that have been preserved by fermentation, chemical treatment, in particular with alcohols, or by drying.
- the plant leaf material is fermented, ie it has been subjected to a fermentation process which has brought the dried leaves into a state in which they can be stored and consumed.
- the plant leaf material can be chemically treated before use in the decorative layer, preferably with a mixture of water and a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol. This is particularly advantageous when the plant leaf material comprises or consists of whole leaves or sections of leaves. This gives the plant leaf material elastic deformability and increased breaking strength, in particular increased tensile strength and flexural strength.
- the plant leaf material can continue to be subject to a maturing process, even in the layered composite, which improves the deformability and breaking strength of the material.
- the ripening process has a duration of at least one week, preferably two weeks, more preferably one month and most preferably two months.
- An improvement in the properties as a result of the maturing process is given in particular when an optional top layer has or consists of a wax material.
- the filling material of the decorative layer comprises a vegetable leaf material, then—in contrast to versions in which an inorganic salt or lignin is used as the filling material—a rubber material must also be a component of the filling material.
- a rubber material is understood to mean substances comprising heteropolysaccharides and polysaccharides which, with a solvent such as water, form highly viscous and sticky solutions which harden elastically and can thus give the decorative layer with vegetable sheet material a stable but flexible structure.
- the gum material is particularly preferably starch gum (dextrin). If the filling material of the decorative layer is an inorganic salt or lignin, then in a preferred embodiment the decorative layer can also have a rubber material.
- the filler material consists of an inorganic salt and/or lignin and/or a combination of vegetable leaf material and a gum material, preferably starch gum.
- the combination of vegetable leaf material and a rubber material is preferably introduced as a mixture, particularly preferably as a homogeneous mixture, as a filling material in the decorative layer during its production.
- the vegetable leaf material and the rubber material are introduced as separate components when producing the decorative layer. If the filling material of the decorative layer comprises a plant leaf material, then in a preferred embodiment of the invention this is essentially free of wood fibers.
- the proportion of wood fibers is less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight % and most preferably less than 0.1% by weight.
- Corresponding wood fibers can adversely affect the optical and haptic properties of the composite material.
- the plant leaf material is selected from the group consisting of rose petals, vine leaves, cherry laurel leaves and tobacco.
- the vegetable leaf material is particularly preferably tobacco. Tobacco offers some advantages over other plant leaf materials. As a starting material, this has very good availability all year round. Due to the declining demand for tobacco, there is usually overcapacity in production, which can be acquired at low cost.
- tobacco has a high proportion of natural alkaloids, in particular nicotine, which act as insecticides.
- tobacco leaves especially after treatment with a mixture of water and a polyhydric alcohol, have a particularly high flexibility and tear resistance.
- the natural scent also speaks in favor of using tobacco as a decorative layer in imitation leather.
- the vegetable leaf material of the decorative layer is finely ground tobacco and/or tobacco dust and/or tobacco trimmings, the vegetable leaf material preferably being bound by a polysaccharide in the decorative layer, ie the binding agent is a polysaccharide.
- the polysaccharide before the decorative layer is formed, the polysaccharide is dissolved or suspended in a solvent or dispersion medium which has or consists of a humectant such as a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol.
- vegetable leaves and/or sections and/or panicles are the vegetable leaf material of the decorative layer.
- Such a decorative layer gives the layered composite a particularly natural and elegant appearance and can therefore also be referred to as a finishing layer.
- inorganic salt means an inorganic, crystalline substance composed of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions). is built. Ionic bonds exist between these ions. As a solid, these together form an ion lattice that is responsible for the strength of the material.
- the inorganic salt is preferably a mineral compound, ie a materially uniform, natural and inorganic component of the earth.
- the term inorganic salts also includes coordination compounds which are made up of one or more central particles and one or more ligands. The proportion of natural components in the composite layer can be further increased by using minerals.
- “Lignin” is the collective term for a group of phenolic macromolecules that are preferably linked in three dimensions. Like the inorganic salts of the decorative layer, lignin can give the decorative layer a particularly pronounced strength.
- the filler material or the binder is colored with a synthetic or preferably natural colorant. This allows the optical properties of different types of animal leather to be imitated.
- the colorant is partially or completely food-safe and/or consists of substances that can be returned to biological cycles as biological nutrients or kept continuously in technical cycles as technical nutrients (cradle-to-cradle certification).
- the thickness of the decorative layer is 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, most preferably 0.2 to 1 mm.
- the basis weight (grammage) of the decorative layer is 100 to 3000 g/m 2 , more preferably 400 to 2500 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 600 to 1800 g/m 2 , most preferably 700 to 1200 m 2 .
- the layered composite Due to a low basis weight, particularly light layered composites can be produced.
- the layered composite is stable, lighter than animal leather, scratch-resistant and water-repellent. It is also characterized by rub fastness, heat resistance and excellent wear behavior.
- the versions with an inorganic salt as a filling material are characterized by a high and lasting lightfastness.
- the properties of the layered composite can be adapted to the specific application due to the different fillers that can be combined with one another (vegetable leaf material and rubber material, inorganic salt and/or lignin).
- a very light-resistant and brightly shining layered composite can be obtained by using titanium dioxide as a filling material.
- the layered composite is much easier and quicker to produce than the imitation leather known from the prior art.
- Layer composite can already be used after the decorative layer has been applied and dried on the carrier layer.
- a large part of the layered composite, in some versions even the entire layered composite, can also be recycled since the materials used are degradable and/or of natural origin.
- the proportion by weight of the filler material in the decorative layer is at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight, even more preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 25% by weight. even more preferably at least 30% by weight, and most preferably at least 40% by weight, but preferably also 60% by weight.
- the decorative layer of the layered composite can comprise one or more humectants.
- the humectant prevents the decorative layer from drying out and thus ensures that the decorative layer of the composite layer remains permanently flexible. This is particularly necessary because the layered composite according to the invention does not have to have a cover layer that protects the decorative layer from drying out.
- the humectant is selected from glycerin, polydextrose, sorbitol, polyhydric alcohols and polyalcohols such as 1,2-propanediol, glycol, alditols, aloe vera gel, honey, lithium chloride, molasses, urea, xylitol, Hydroxycarboxylic acids, hyaluronic acids and salts or esters of hyaluronic acid, triacetin, cellulose powder, Quillaja extract, urea, pantolactone or mixtures of the aforementioned.
- the proportion by weight of the humectant in the decorative layer is at least 15% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 25% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight. even more preferably at least 35% by weight, even more preferably at least 40% by weight and most preferably at least 45% by weight, but also preferably 60% by weight.
- a high proportion of humectant improves the elasticity of the Decorative layer and thereby prevents buckling/breaking.
- the decorative layer of the layered composite can comprise one or more inorganic salts as filler material.
- the one or more inorganic salts are selected from halides, in particular chlorides and bromides, oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates and mixtures of the aforementioned. Chlorides, bromides, phosphates and sulfates are particularly preferred.
- the inorganic salt is pH-neutral, ie a 0.1 molar solution of the salt in water has a pH in the range from 5-9, preferably 6-8.
- the inorganic salt comprises a metallic cation, which is preferably selected from the metallic main group elements, particularly preferably from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
- the inorganic salt is particularly preferably free of heavy metals, ie the proportion of metals with a density of 5.0 g/cm 3 in the inorganic salt is 1% by weight, preferably 0.1% by weight. This ensures that the layered composite according to the invention is particularly sustainable and environmentally friendly.
- the inorganic salt is particularly preferably a mineral, particularly preferably chalk, kaolin, kaolinite, phyllosilicates, in particular clay minerals, halloysite, marble, in particular marble powder, iron oxide, in particular iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide, titanium oxide or zeolite.
- Zeolites are particularly preferred because of their adsorption capacity, which can be used, for example, to absorb odors.
- the filling material comprises vegetable material, the filling material must further comprise a rubber material in order to ensure that a stable yet flexible decorative layer is obtained.
- the rubber material is preferably selected from gum arabic, tragacanth, vulcanizates of natural and synthetic rubbers, karaya gum and starch gum.
- the decorative layer further comprises at least one binder, ie a film-forming material, which can adhere to the carrier layer and in which the filler material can be bonded, so that a decorative layer with filler material contained therein is formed on the carrier material.
- the binder also gives the material a certain flexibility, which is advantageous when it is used as imitation leather.
- the binder can be a synthetic polymeric material.
- the binder is preferably a biopolymer, which preferably consists of biogenic, ie renewable, raw materials or at least includes such and/or is biodegradable.
- the binder is particularly preferably a gelling agent based on a vegetable or animal protein or a binder based on a polysaccharide, in particular a polysaccharide such as a galactose polymer.
- the gelling agent is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of agar-agar, chitosan, pectin and xanthan, natural and synthetic resins, Gelatin, alginic acid and alginate, cellulose, carrageenan, furcellaran, locust bean gum, guar gum, tragacanth, tara gum, gellan, cellulose ether, modified starch, glue or mixtures of the aforementioned.
- the binder and/or the decorative layer and/or the layered composite are particularly preferably essentially free of polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride, particularly preferably free of polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride. This is preferred since these polymers release some toxic compounds when they decompose. As a result, a particularly ecologically harmless material can be obtained.
- essentially free means that the proportion by weight of polyurethane and/or polyvinyl chloride in the total weight of the binder and/or the decorative layer and/or the layered composite is 20% by weight, preferably 10% by weight, preferably more preferably 5% by weight, more preferably 2% by weight, even more preferably 1% by weight, and most preferably 0.5% by weight.
- the proportion by weight of the binder in the decorative layer is at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight, even more preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 25% by weight. even more preferably at least 30% by weight and most preferably at least 40% by weight, but preferably also 60% by weight.
- a high proportion of binder is conducive to obtaining a stable decorative layer in which the filling material can be evenly distributed.
- the weight ratio of binder to filler in the decorative layer is in the range 1:10 to 10:1, preferably 1:2 to 10:1, more preferably 1:1 to 5:1 or 1:2 to 2:1 , more preferably 1:1 to 3:1 and most preferably 1:1 to 2:1.
- the weight ratio of binder to humectant in the decorative layer is in the range 1:10 to 10:1, preferably 1:2 to 10:1, more preferably 1:1 to 5:1 or 1:2 to 2:1, nor more preferably 1:1 to 3:1 or 1:2 to 1:1 and most preferably 1:1 to 2:1.
- the proportion by weight of water in the decorative layer and/or the layered composite is at least 1% by weight, more preferably at least 2% by weight, even more preferably at least 5% by weight, even more preferably at least 10% by weight. -% and most preferably at least 15% by weight, but preferably also 30% by weight.
- the backing layer determines the structural strength of the composite and ensures good processability, particularly when the layered composite is sewn together.
- the textile carrier layer has or consists of a material that is selected from the group consisting of fleece, woven fabric, knitted goods, braids or mixtures of the aforementioned.
- Fleece, woven fabric, knitted goods, netting or mixtures of the above are textile materials that are made up of fibers but differ from one another in the arrangement of the fibers.
- fleece is a structure made of fibers of limited length, continuous fibers (filaments) or cut yarns of any kind and of any origin, which have been combined in some way to form a fiber layer and connected to one another in some way.
- nonwoven also includes felt materials. Foils and papers, on the other hand, do not belong to nonwovens.
- the nonwovens are preferably anisotropic nonwovens, ie those with fiber orientation. As a result, an anisotropic mechanical behavior of the layered composite can be generated, which increases its tear resistance.
- fabric is understood to be a textile fabric consisting of two thread systems, warp (warp threads) and weft (weft threads), which cross each other in a pattern at an angle of exactly or approximately 90° when viewed on the fabric surface.
- warp threads warp threads
- weft threads weft threads
- Each of the two systems can be made up of several types of warp or weft (e.g. ground, pile and filling warp; ground, binding and filling weft).
- the warp threads run in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, parallel to the edge of the fabric, and the weft threads run in the transverse direction, parallel to the edge of the fabric.
- the threads are mainly connected to the fabric by friction.
- the warp and weft threads usually have to be woven relatively densely. This is why, with a few exceptions, the fabrics also have a closed fabric appearance.
- This definition corresponds to the standard DIN 61100, part 1.
- the terms woven fabric and fleece also include those textile materials which have been tufted. Tufting is a process in which yarns are anchored into a woven or non-woven fabric using a machine powered by compressed air and/or electricity.
- knitwear is understood to mean textile fabrics that are produced from thread systems by knitting. This includes both crocheted and knitted fabrics.
- braiding is understood to mean the regular intertwining of several strands of flexible material.
- the fibers of the non-woven fabrics, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, meshes or mixtures thereof can be natural fibers, man-made fibers or mixtures of the aforementioned.
- the fibers are preferably of plant or animal origin or chemical fibers made from natural polymers or polymers based on natural raw materials.
- the natural fibers are selected from the group consisting of seed fibres, bast fibres, leaf fibers and animal fibres.
- These are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of cotton, animal wool, animal hair, silk, kapok, akon, poplar fluff, bamboo fiber, fiber nettle, hemp, hemp nettle, jute, urena, linen, ramie, kenaf, roselle, sunns, abutilon, pung , castor bean, sisal, abaca, curaua, fibe, ixtle fiber, arenga, afrik, hequen, fique, phormium, alfa, maguey, yucca, pita, coconut, gorse, hops, bulrush and bast.
- the chemical fibers are preferably selected from natural polymers or polymers based on natural raw materials. These are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of viscose, modal, lyocell, curpo, cellulose acetates, protein fibers such as casein fibers, polylactides, alginates, chitin, bio-based polyamides, polyesters and polyisoprenes.
- the chemical fibers are made from synthetic polymers selected from the group consisting of polyesters such as PET or PBT, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, aramid, poly(metha)acrylates, modacrylic, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene, polypropylene , polychloride, PVC, elastane, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, vinylal, polyphenylsulfide, melamine, polyurea, polyurethane, polybenzimidazole, polybenzoxal.
- polyesters such as PET or PBT
- polyamide polyimide
- polyamideimide polyamideimide
- aramid poly(metha)acrylates
- modacrylic polytetrafluoroethylene
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVC polyvinyl alcohol
- vinylal vinylal
- polyphenylsulfide polyphenylsulfide
- melamine polyurea
- the thickness of the textile carrier layer is 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, most preferably 0.2 to 1 mm.
- the basis weight (grammage) of the carrier layer is 50 to 500 g/m 2 , more preferably 65 to 300 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 80-200 g/m 2 , most preferably 90-150 g/m 2 . Due to a low basis weight, particularly light layered composites can be produced.
- the layered composite can also have further layers. These are preferably selected from the group consisting of carrier, decorative, adhesive and cover layers.
- the layered composite particularly preferably has one or more additional decorative layers which are arranged between the carrier layer and an optional cover layer.
- the additional layers are arranged on both sides of the support layer.
- particular preference is given to the symmetrical arrangement of the layers in relation to the carrier layer, for example a layer sequence: 1st outer layer, 1st decorative layer, carrier layer, 2nd decorative layer, 2nd outer layer.
- the layered composite has only layers of adhesive as further layers.
- the layered composite has no further layers apart from carrier and decorative layers.
- the individual thicknesses of these additional layers are 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 8 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, most preferably 0.8 to 3 mm.
- the basis weight (grammage) of the additional layers is 50 to 200 g/m 2 , more preferably 65 to 300 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 80 to 200 g/m 2 , most preferably 90 to 150 m 2 . Due to a low basis weight, particularly light layered composites can be produced.
- the layered composite can have one or more layers of adhesive. The adhesive of the adhesive layers can be chemically hardening and/or physically setting.
- the adhesive of the adhesive layers is preferably selected from the group consisting of cyanoacrylates, methyl methacrylates, unsaturated polyesters, dispersion adhesives, solvent- or dispersant-containing wet adhesives, protein-based adhesives, hot-melt adhesives, plastisols, epoxy adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, silicones, resins, in particular phenolic resin - zen, polyimides, polysulfides, poly(meth)acrylates, polyvinyl acetates, rubbers and bismaleimides.
- protein adhesives are particularly preferred.
- the adhesive is preferably cured by chemical hardening or solidification by cooling.
- the strength, in particular the tensile strength and/or the flexural strength, of one, several or all carrier layers and/or optional cover layer and/or optional adhesive layers is greater than that of the at least one decorative layer.
- Tensile strength also known as tear strength, is the maximum tensile stress that a body can withstand. It can be determined by a tensile test.
- the flexural strength refers to the maximum tensile stress that a body can absorb when subjected to bending stress.
- the strength, in particular the tensile strength and/or the flexural strength, of one, several or all carrier layers and/or optional cover layers and/or optional adhesive layers is greater than that of the at least one decorative layer, the carriers can - and/or optional cover and adhesive layers absorb the stresses that arise under mechanical stress, so that the at least one decorative layer does not break or only breaks under greater stress, which would result in disadvantageous cracks in the layer that determines the look.
- the decorative layer preferably even the entire layered composite, has a modulus of elasticity (tensile) of ⁇ 3 GPa, more preferably ⁇ 2 GPa, even more preferably ⁇ 1.5 GPa, even more preferably ⁇ 1 GPa and most preferably ⁇ 0. 5 GPa.
- An optional top layer comprises or consists of a plastic, wax, or proteinaceous material, or a combination of rubber material and binder, or a mixture of the foregoing. It essentially serves to protect the decorative layer arranged underneath from external influences such as moisture, abrasion and/or radiation. It therefore preferably covers at least 50% of the surface area of the underlying layer, preferably more than 70%, more preferably more than 80% and most preferably more than 90%.
- plastic materials are preferred. According to the invention, this means all substances that consist of macromolecules of natural or synthetic origin.
- the plastic has a material or consists of this material that is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyamide (PA), polyester, in particular polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene oxides, polyphenylene oxides, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) polyurea, polyacetal, polyacrylate, poly(meth)acrylates, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyvinyl acetal, polystyrene (PS) , acryl-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic ester (ASA), polysaccharides, in particular pectin and
- the plastic is preferably used in the form of a film. According to the invention, this means a sheet-like plastic material produced in webs with a layer thickness ⁇ 5 mm, preferably ⁇ 1 mm. If there are high requirements in terms of feel, smell and appearance, a top layer made of protein material or wax is preferred. According to the invention, wax is understood to mean natural or artificially obtained substances which can be kneaded at 20° C., are solid to brittle-hard, have a coarse to finely crystalline structure, are translucent in color to opaque but not glass-like, melt above 40° C.
- the wax material is selected from the group of natural waxes, particularly preferred from the group of vegetable waxes, in particular candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, montan wax.
- the natural wax is selected from the group consisting of animal waxes and mineral waxes, in particular from the group consisting of beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax), rump fat, ceresin, ozokerite (earth wax).
- Natural waxes offer the advantage that they are not based on petroleum and thus contribute to the sustainability and biodegradability of the layered composite.
- the wax is selected from the group consisting of chemically modified waxes or synthetic waxes, in particular selected from the group consisting of montan ester waxes, sasol waxes, paraffins, hydrogenated jojoba waxes, polyalkylene waxes, polyethylene glycol waxes.
- the optional cover layer of the layered composite has or consists of a protein material. These are preferably proteins of vegetable origin. Proteins contained in lupins, soybeans, peas, linseed, wheat, corn and/or rapeseed are particularly preferred.
- the proteins are of animal origin, particular preference being given to gelatin, casein, whey proteins and/or their derivatives.
- the advantage of a protein top layer is that the cost of producing the protein layer is very low and that it is not harmful to health.
- the layer can also be processed without organic solvents, ie water-based.
- the protein top layer consists of renewable raw materials that are biodegradable and self-adhesive or adhesive.
- the thickness of the optional top layer is 5 ⁇ m-1 mm, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m to 0.1 mm, most preferably 50 ⁇ m to 0.1 mm.
- the optional top layer can also have additives such as dyes, UV filters, binders or other filler materials. By adding additives and Fillers can change the properties of the layers, in particular color, strength and production price.
- the top layer comprises or consists of a combination of a binder, preferably agar-agar, a gum material, preferably dextrin, and a humectant. Such a top layer gives the layered composite a particularly high scratch resistance.
- the overcoat can also help to improve the color fastness of underlying layers.
- the invention also includes various uses of the layered composite according to the invention and objects that include the layered composite according to the invention.
- the layered composite is stable, lighter than animal leather, scratch-resistant and water-repellent.
- clothing is the entirety of all materials that surrounds the human body more or less tightly as an artificial shell. This also includes headgear, especially hats and shoes.
- fashion accessories are understood as meaning accessories for clothing. These are preferably belts, gloves, fans, sunshades or umbrellas, bags, scarves and jewellery, in particular watch straps. All of these materials can comprise the layered composite according to the invention.
- the layered composite can also be used for coverings and upholstery for furniture and in particular for automotive equipment.
- the present invention therefore also relates to coverings and padding comprising the layered composite according to the invention.
- the binder of the decorative layer has a transmission in the visible wavelength range of 30%, preferably 50%, more preferably 70% and most preferably 90%. This makes it possible for the optical properties of the filling material, for example the tobacco or the inorganic salt, to stand out particularly well.
- the transmission of both the textile carrier layer and the binder of the decorative layer in the visible wavelength range is 30%, preferably 50%, more preferably 60% and most preferably 80%.
- the invention also includes a method for producing the layered composite, which has the following steps: A) Application of the following components, preferably as a mixture, to a textile backing layer in order to obtain a decorative layer arranged on the backing layer, which preferably has a flat side of the backing layer to 90 % covered: i. a binder, ii. a filler material comprising an inorganic salt and/or lignin and/or a combination of plant leaf material and a gum material such as starch gum, and iii.
- a humectant iv. optional: organic or inorganic solvent
- drying of the layered composite ie removal of solvent contained in the layered composite, until the weight is constant (ie less than 0.1% weight loss per hour when drying at 50° C), preferably at a temperature ⁇ 30 °C
- application is understood as meaning the production of a firm connection between the layers. This can be done, for example, by gluing, hardening a layer, needling or 3D printing.
- a transfer film is used in the production process.
- an already cured layer such as a cured, ie set, decorative layer can be applied to the carrier layer.
- the above components can be applied, preferably as a mixture, to a non-stick substrate to form a continuous layer.
- the binder After the binder has set, for example by physical drying or chemical crosslinking, the decorative layer that has formed is removed from the substrate and applied to the carrier layer.
- the application can take place in that adhesive is applied to the carrier layer and/or the already cured decorative layer, the decorative layer is placed on the carrier layer and the layers are preferably pressed under pressure.
- the layers can be needled.
- the binding agent can be applied to the textile carrier layer in its non-set form, so that after application it sets by physical (e.g. evaporation of a solvent) and/or chemical processes (e.g.
- the binder is preferably applied to the textile backing layer in a solvent, which preferably also includes the other components, ie filling material and humectant.
- the binding agent preferably sets at a temperature of ⁇ 30.degree. C., particularly preferably ⁇ 50.degree.
- the curing of the composition of binder, filler and humectant and the formation of the decorative layer can also take place under the influence of elevated temperatures, pressure and/or radiation. If the layered composite according to the invention is to have an optional cover layer, then in a particularly preferred embodiment of the method a polyethylene layer can be glued onto the decorative layer in a laminating plant for paper products.
- a composition that is still to be cured can be applied to the decorative layer from which the optional top layer is formed.
- one or more waxes can be applied to the decorative layer and harden on the decorative layer. Curing of the composition and formation of an optional topcoat can also occur under the influence of elevated temperatures, pressure, and/or radiation.
- the layers are additionally needled. Needling the layers has the advantage that the permeability, for example for gases such as water vapor, can be significantly increased. Since the carrier layer is usually supplied as a continuous web, the layer composite can be produced in a continuous process, which represents a significant advantage over the discontinuous process of animal leather production.
- top layers for screen printing that are customary in the textile sector were also successfully tested as an optional top layer.
- top layers which are produced from water-based mixed systems for textile printing are particularly preferred.
- These water-based mixed systems have a water-based binder, in particular a synthetic resin dispersion binder, which preferably has a transparency of ⁇ 80% and/or other components such as Contains pigments, adhesion promoters or fillers.
- Water-based mixed systems which are free from organic solvents or dispersants, phthalates, formaldehyde, alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates are particularly preferred.
- the water-based mixing systems are preferably label-free, non-toxic and skin-friendly.
- the water-based mixed systems are preferably dried with the supply of heat and then heat-fixed at a temperature of 150-160.degree. Fixing can be done with a transfer press, drying tunnel, heat gun, iron, ironing press or in an oven. The fixing time is 2-3 minutes at the above temperatures.
- the production process is carried out as shown below. First, the carrier layer is transported by rollers. In a subsequent area, a mixture of uncured binder, filling material and humectant is applied to the carrier layer, dried and optionally pressed. An additional cover layer can also be provided. If the cover layer is a plastic material in the form of a film, it can be glued on using a heated calender.
- the process has at least one, preferably all of the following additional process steps: B) dissolving and/or dispersing the filler material, the binder and the humectant in one or more aqueous solvents and/or dispersants before application to the carrier layer, C) removal of the one or more aqueous solvents and/or dispersants after application to the carrier or cover layer, preferably at elevated temperature and/or reduced pressure, so that the decorative layer is formed this will.
- steps A) to E) are carried out in the order A), B), C), D), E).
- embossing the decorative layer the surface structure is influenced and a layer is obtained that optically comes even closer to a natural leather layer.
- Such a structuring can also be useful for concealing imperfections in the decorative layer.
- Such an embossing is particularly advantageous if lignin or inorganic salts are used as filling material, since this can break through the generally relatively uniform appearance of the decorative layer.
- the humectant can be the or one of the one or more aqueous solvents and/or dispersants.
- adhesive is applied to the vegetable leaf material and/or the backing layer before the filling material is applied to the textile backing layer.
- the layers of the composite are pressed under increased pressure, with the pressing taking place in a transfer press and/or using elevated temperatures.
- the aqueous solvent or dispersant has the binder, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, in particular agar agar, pectin, xanthan, natural and synthetic resins, gelatin, alginate , chitosan, cellulose ether, modified starch, glue or mixtures of the above. Due to the binder, the composition of filler material, binder, humectant and solvent exhibits a higher viscosity during this manufacturing process. As a result, this can be better applied to the carrier layer. This effect is particularly pronounced when the solvent or dispersant is a mixture of water and a polyhydric alcohol, in particular glycerol.
- the solvent or dispersant is a mixture of water and a polyhydric alcohol, in particular glycerol.
- the aqueous solvent or dispersant therefore contains an alcohol, preferably a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol, glycol, polyethylene glycol or polyethylene oxide.
- an alcohol preferably a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol, glycol, polyethylene glycol or polyethylene oxide.
- the binder in the subsequent layered composite is preferably agar-agar.
- the humectant is preferably glycerin.
- Versions with additional layers The binder in subsequent layered composites is preferably agar-agar.
- the humectant is preferably glycerin.
- FIG. 1 schematic sectional representation of a layered composite according to the invention with carrier and decorative layer.
- 2 schematic sectional view of a layered composite according to the invention with carrier, decorative and top layers.
- 3 schematic sectional view of a layered composite according to the invention with carrier, decorative, second decorative and top layer.
- Figure 1 shows the layer structure of a layered composite according to the invention, which has a carrier layer 1 and a decorative layer 2.
- the decorative layer 2 includes an inorganic salt as a filling material.
- 2 shows the layer structure of a layered composite according to the invention, which has a carrier layer 1 , a decorative layer 2 and a cover layer 3 .
- the decorative layer 2 includes an inorganic salt as a filling material.
- FIG. 3 shows the layer structure of a layered composite according to the invention, which has a carrier layer 1 , a decorative layer 2 , a cover layer 3 and an additional second decorative layer 4 which is arranged between the decorative layer 2 and the cover layer 3 .
- the decorative layer 2 includes an inorganic salt as a filler.
- the additional 2nd decorative layer includes a combination of tobacco and dextrin as filling material.
- the cover layer 3 has been connected to the second decorative layer by means of an adhesive (indicated by the representation of drops).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Undergarments, Swaddling Clothes, Handkerchiefs Or Underwear Materials (AREA)
- Gloves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/286,301 US20240044073A1 (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | Layer composite for use as an imitation leather |
EP22722478.9A EP4323578A2 (de) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat |
JP2023561760A JP2024514835A (ja) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | 模造皮革として使用するための新規な層状複合材 |
BR112023021155A BR112023021155A2 (pt) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | Camada composta para uso como um couro de imitação, método de fabricação da mesma e peça de vestuário |
CN202280027202.8A CN117500972A (zh) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | 用作仿皮革的新型层状复合材料 |
DE102022134633.1A DE102022134633A1 (de) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-12-22 | Neuartiges Kunstleder |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102021109087.3 | 2021-04-12 | ||
DE102021109087.3A DE102021109087A1 (de) | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | Neuartiger Schichtverbund zur Verwendung als Lederimitat |
Publications (2)
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WO2022218977A2 true WO2022218977A2 (de) | 2022-10-20 |
WO2022218977A3 WO2022218977A3 (de) | 2022-11-24 |
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PCT/EP2022/059744 WO2022218977A2 (de) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | Neuartiger schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20240044073A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4323578A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2024514835A (de) |
CN (1) | CN117500972A (de) |
BR (1) | BR112023021155A2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102021109087A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022218977A2 (de) |
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EP3710631A1 (de) | 2018-10-20 | 2020-09-23 | Nuvi Releaf Gmbh | Schichtverbund zur verwendung als lederimitat |
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CN101563467A (zh) * | 2005-10-20 | 2009-10-21 | 马拉德克里科聚合物公司 | 复合皮革材料 |
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CN104480738A (zh) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-04-01 | 合肥金伶俐服饰有限公司 | 一种耐老化聚氨酯合成革及其生产方法 |
CN104452328A (zh) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-25 | 芜湖市祥荣食品有限公司 | 一种茉莉香型合成革及其生产方法 |
CN104404781A (zh) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-11 | 芜湖市祥荣食品有限公司 | 一种防臭合成革及其生产方法 |
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2021
- 2021-04-12 DE DE102021109087.3A patent/DE102021109087A1/de active Pending
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2022
- 2022-04-12 JP JP2023561760A patent/JP2024514835A/ja active Pending
- 2022-04-12 WO PCT/EP2022/059744 patent/WO2022218977A2/de active Application Filing
- 2022-04-12 EP EP22722478.9A patent/EP4323578A2/de active Pending
- 2022-04-12 US US18/286,301 patent/US20240044073A1/en active Pending
- 2022-04-12 CN CN202280027202.8A patent/CN117500972A/zh active Pending
- 2022-04-12 BR BR112023021155A patent/BR112023021155A2/pt unknown
- 2022-12-22 DE DE102022134633.1A patent/DE102022134633A1/de active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102022134633A1 (de) | 2023-10-12 |
BR112023021155A2 (pt) | 2023-12-12 |
WO2022218977A3 (de) | 2022-11-24 |
EP4323578A2 (de) | 2024-02-21 |
CN117500972A (zh) | 2024-02-02 |
DE102021109087A1 (de) | 2022-10-13 |
US20240044073A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
JP2024514835A (ja) | 2024-04-03 |
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