WO2022213459A1 - 声学输出装置 - Google Patents

声学输出装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022213459A1
WO2022213459A1 PCT/CN2021/095996 CN2021095996W WO2022213459A1 WO 2022213459 A1 WO2022213459 A1 WO 2022213459A1 CN 2021095996 W CN2021095996 W CN 2021095996W WO 2022213459 A1 WO2022213459 A1 WO 2022213459A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
output device
acoustic output
sound
acoustic
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/095996
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张磊
王真
王力维
童珮耕
廖风云
齐心
Original Assignee
深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Priority to JP2023543187A priority Critical patent/JP2024502888A/ja
Priority to CN202180064318.4A priority patent/CN116325787A/zh
Priority to BR112023010142A priority patent/BR112023010142A2/pt
Priority to EP21935680.5A priority patent/EP4228283A4/en
Priority to KR1020237023332A priority patent/KR20230118640A/ko
Publication of WO2022213459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022213459A1/zh
Priority to US18/313,314 priority patent/US20230319460A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H04R9/066—Loudspeakers using the principle of inertia
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
    • H04R1/2823—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2826—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2849—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R23/00—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00
    • H04R23/02—Transducers using more than one principle simultaneously
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
    • H04R25/604—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers
    • H04R25/606—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers acting directly on the eardrum, the ossicles or the skull, e.g. mastoid, tooth, maxillary or mandibular bone, or mechanically stimulating the cochlea, e.g. at the oval window
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/045—Mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/023—Screens for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1041—Mechanical or electronic switches, or control elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1083—Reduction of ambient noise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2811—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/03—Transducers capable of generating both sound as well as tactile vibration, e.g. as used in cellular phones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/11—Aspects relating to vents, e.g. shape, orientation, acoustic properties in ear tips of hearing devices to prevent occlusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/13—Hearing devices using bone conduction transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/033—Headphones for stereophonic communication
    • H04R5/0335—Earpiece support, e.g. headbands or neckrests

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electronic equipment, and in particular, to an acoustic output device.
  • acoustic output devices eg, earphones
  • earphones have become indispensable social and entertainment tools in people's daily lives, and people have higher and higher requirements for acoustic output devices.
  • the existing acoustic output devices still have many problems, such as complex structure, poor sound quality, and serious sound leakage. Therefore, it is desirable to provide an acoustic output device with a simple structure and high acoustic performance to meet the needs of users.
  • the acoustic output device may include a speaker assembly.
  • the speaker assembly may include a transducer, a diaphragm and a housing.
  • the diaphragm vibrates under the drive of the transducer device to generate air-conducted sound waves.
  • the housing may form an accommodating cavity for accommodating the transducer device and the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm may separate the accommodating cavity to form a first cavity and a second cavity.
  • the shell may be provided with a sound outlet communicating with the second chamber.
  • the air conduction sound waves can be transmitted to the outside of the acoustic output device through the sound outlet.
  • the casing may be provided with a sound guide channel communicating with the sound outlet hole, so as to guide the air guide sound wave to a target direction outside the acoustic output device.
  • the length of the acoustic channel may be less than or equal to 7mm.
  • the length of the acoustic channel may be in the range of 2mm-5mm.
  • the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 4.8 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the sound-guiding channel may gradually increase along the transmission direction of the air-guiding acoustic wave.
  • the cross-sectional area of the inlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 10 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the outlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 15 mm 2 .
  • the ratio of the volume of the acoustic channel to the volume of the second chamber may be in the range of 0.05-0.9.
  • the volume of the second chamber may be less than or equal to 400 mm 3 .
  • the channel wall of the acoustic channel may comprise a curved structure.
  • the outlet end cap of the sound guiding channel is provided with an acoustic resistance net, and the porosity of the acoustic resistance net may be greater than or equal to 13%.
  • the housing may include a skin-contacting area that may vibrate and generate bone-conducted acoustic waves driven by the transducer device.
  • the diaphragm is physically connected to at least one of the transducer device or the housing.
  • the diaphragm moves relative to at least one of the transducer device or the housing to generate the air-conducted acoustic wave.
  • the transducing device may include a magnetic circuit assembly, a coil, and a coil support.
  • Magnetic circuit assemblies may be used to provide the magnetic field.
  • a coil may be used to vibrate under the magnetic field in response to a received audio signal.
  • a coil holder may be used to support the coil. At least a part of the coil holder is exposed from the side of the casing in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the casing.
  • the acoustic output device may further include a sound guide member.
  • the sound guide member may include the sound guide channel and a recessed area where the coil support is located when the sound guide member is physically connected to the housing.
  • a socket may be provided on one of the housing and the sound guide member.
  • a socket may be provided on the other of the housing and the sound guide member. The socket can be inserted and fixed in the socket.
  • the air-conducted acoustic wave output through the sound exit hole may have a first resonance peak.
  • the acoustic output device may also include a Helmholtz resonant cavity.
  • the Helmholtz resonant cavity may include a resonant cavity body and at least one resonant cavity port for attenuating the first resonant peak of the air-guided acoustic wave.
  • the at least one resonance cavity port may be disposed on a sidewall of the second chamber.
  • the peak resonance intensity of the first resonant peak when the at least one resonant cavity port is in an open state is the same as the peak resonance intensity of the first resonant peak when the at least one resonant cavity port is in a closed state
  • the difference between the intensities may be greater than or equal to 3dB.
  • the Helmholtz resonant cavity may communicate with the first chamber and the second chamber at the same time.
  • the area of the resonance cavity opening communicating with the first chamber may be greater than or equal to the area of the resonance cavity opening communicating with the second cavity.
  • an acoustic resistance net may be provided at the mouth of the at least one resonance cavity, and the porosity of the acoustic resistance net may be greater than or equal to 3%.
  • the housing may include a first housing and a second housing.
  • the first housing may form at least a portion of the first chamber and have a first resonant frequency.
  • the second housing may form at least a portion of the second chamber and have a second resonant frequency.
  • the first resonant frequency is smaller than the second resonant frequency.
  • the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 2 kHz.
  • the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 1 kHz.
  • the phase difference between the second casing and the first casing may be - ⁇ /3 to + ⁇ /3. In some embodiments, when the vibration frequency of the first casing is between 2 kHz and 4 kHz, the phase difference between the second casing and the first casing is between 2 ⁇ /3 and 4 ⁇ /3.
  • the first area of the skin contact area is in contact with the user's skin to vibrate and generate the bone conduction acoustic wave under the driving of the transducer device , the second area of the skin contact area is not in contact with the user's skin.
  • the angle between the second region and the user's skin may be in the range of 0°-45°.
  • the angle between the second region and the user's skin may be in the range of 10°-30°.
  • the acoustic output device may further include a support assembly.
  • One end of the support assembly may be connected to the housing for supporting the speaker assembly, wherein the second area is farther from the support assembly than the first area.
  • the acoustic output device may further include a signal processing circuit.
  • the signal processing circuit may be used to convert an audio signal into a drive signal for the transducer device.
  • the signal gain coefficient of the signal processing circuit for the first frequency band of the audio signal may be greater than the signal gain coefficient for the second frequency band, and the second frequency band is higher than the first frequency band.
  • the first frequency band includes at least 500 Hz
  • the second frequency band includes at least 3.5 kHz or 4.5 kHz.
  • the air-conducting acoustic wave output through the sound outlet has a first resonance peak, and the peak resonance frequency of the first resonance peak is located in the second frequency band, or is higher than the second frequency band frequency band.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 1B is an exploded view of the acoustic output device in Figure 1A;
  • FIGS. 2A-2E are schematic diagrams of exemplary acoustic output devices according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic resistance net shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the acoustic output device in Figure 4.
  • 6A is a block diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • 6B-6E are schematic diagrams of exemplary acoustic output devices according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the frequency response of air-conducted acoustic waves of the acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a frequency response curve diagram of an air-conducted acoustic wave of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a frequency response curve of an air-conducted acoustic wave of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a state diagram related to a process by which an exemplary acoustic output device communicates a vibration signal to a user, according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 14 is a state diagram related to the process of an exemplary acoustic output device delivering a vibration signal to a user, according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the mechanical connection between the two elements may comprise a welded connection, a keyed connection, a pinned connection, an interference fit connection, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • Other words used to describe the relationship between the elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (eg, "between”, “between”, “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent”, etc.).
  • the acoustic output device may include a speaker assembly.
  • the speaker assembly may include a transducer, a diaphragm, and a housing.
  • the transducer device can convert the audio signal into a mechanical vibration signal.
  • the diaphragm can vibrate under the drive of the transducer device to generate air-conducted sound waves.
  • the housing may form a accommodating cavity for accommodating the transducer device and the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm may separate the accommodating cavity to form the first cavity and the second cavity.
  • the shell may be provided with a sound outlet communicating with the second chamber.
  • the air conduction sound waves can be transmitted to the outside of the acoustic output device through the sound outlet.
  • the vibration generated by the transducer device after the vibration generated by the transducer device is transmitted to the casing, it will cause the casing to generate relatively obvious vibration.
  • the vibration of the casing is further transmitted to the user through the area on the casing that is in contact with the user, thereby forming bone conduction sound that the user can perceive.
  • the air-conducted sound waves generated by the diaphragm can be transmitted to the user through the sound outlet, so that the user can hear the air-conducted sound.
  • the acoustic output device can simultaneously generate the bone conduction sound and the air conduction sound transmitted to the user, and for the sake of convenience, it can be called an acoustic output device combined with air conduction and bone conduction.
  • the transducing device can only cause the housing to vibrate weakly and barely perceptible to the user.
  • the acoustic output device can be considered to only generate air-conducted sound that is transmitted to the user, and for convenience, it can be called an air-conducted acoustic output device.
  • the structures related to the generated air conduction sound can be applied to the above acoustic output device.
  • the case of generating bone-conducted sound and air-conducted sound at the same time can also be considered to be applicable to the case where the above-mentioned acoustic output device only generates air-conducted sound without creative efforts.
  • the housing is further provided with a sound guide channel communicating with the sound outlet hole, so as to guide the air-guided sound wave to a target direction outside the acoustic output device.
  • the length of the sound guide channel is less than or equal to 7mm.
  • more air-conducted sound waves can be guided to the human ear by setting a sound-guiding channel of an appropriate length, so that the user's listening volume can be increased.
  • the parameters of the sound guide channel eg, the cross-sectional area of the sound guide channel, the shape of the sound guide channel, etc.
  • the frequency response of the air-guided sound wave can also be adjusted, thereby adjusting the sound quality of the acoustic output device.
  • the sound guide channel may be provided on the sound guide member.
  • the sound-guiding member may also have a recessed area.
  • the side of the casing facing the sound guiding channel can be partially cut out, so that a boss is formed in its internal structure.
  • the boss can be embedded in the concave area, which can not only prevent the acoustic output device from being too thick locally, but also does not hinder the fixing between the sound guide part and the shell, thus simplifying the acoustic output device Structure.
  • the air conduction sound wave generated by the acoustic output device may have a first resonance peak at a higher frequency, resulting in the air conduction sound output by the acoustic output device and The resulting sound leakage has a sudden increase in the frequency band near the peak frequency of the first resonance peak, so that the sound quality of the listening sound is unbalanced and the sound leakage increases.
  • a Helmholtz resonant cavity in communication with the second cavity may be provided in the acoustic output device to absorb sound in a frequency band near the first resonant peak, thereby improving sound quality and reducing sound leakage. .
  • the housing may include a first housing that constitutes the first chamber and a second housing that constitutes the second chamber.
  • the acoustic output device can generate stronger air-conducting acoustic waves in a frequency band lower than the second resonant frequency, while at a frequency higher than the second resonant frequency.
  • the frequency band of the second resonant frequency hardly generates air-conducted acoustic waves. Therefore, by adjusting the second resonance frequency of the second shell, the air-conducted acoustic wave can be used to supplement the specific frequency band of the bone-conducted acoustic wave.
  • the skin contact area on the housing when the skin contact area on the housing is vibrated by the transducer device to generate bone conduction acoustic waves, the skin contact area can be set at an inclination to reduce the contact between the skin contact area and the user's skin. At the same time, the influence of the skin on the vibration of the speaker assembly is weakened, so that the shell can vibrate to generate larger air-conducted acoustic waves without affecting the transmission efficiency of bone-conducted acoustic waves.
  • the skin contact area can be set on the transmission component, and the bone conduction sound waves generated by the speaker component can be transmitted to the user through the transmission component, so as to change the vibration degree of the skin contact area and the contact between the skin contact area and the user's skin. degree of fit.
  • the audio signal may be equalized in advance by the signal processing circuit to weaken the air-conducted sound intensity near the peak frequency of the first resonance peak.
  • the signal gain coefficient of the first frequency band of the audio signal is greater than the signal gain coefficient of the second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is higher than the first frequency band.
  • the peak frequency of the first resonance peak is located at or higher than the second frequency band.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 1B is an exploded view of the acoustic output device of FIG. 1A .
  • the acoustic output device 100 can convert an audio signal (eg, an electrical signal) into a mechanical vibration signal, and output it to the outside in the form of sound.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may include hearing aids, earphones, listening bracelets, smart glasses, mobile phones, speakers, smart glasses, and other devices with sound output capability.
  • the acoustic output device 100 will be exemplified by taking an earphone as an example. As shown in FIGS.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may include two speaker assemblies 110 , two ear hook assemblies 120 , a rear hook assembly 130 , a control circuit assembly 140 and a battery assembly 150 . Both ends of the rear hanging component 130 may be physically connected to one end of a corresponding one of the ear hanging components 120 respectively. The other ends of the two ear hook assemblies 120 may be physically connected to the two speaker assemblies 110 respectively. When the user wears the acoustic output device 100, the two speaker assemblies 110 may be located on the left and right sides of the user's head, respectively.
  • the physical connection may include injection molding, welding, riveting, bolting, gluing, snapping, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the speaker assembly 110 may include a core housing 112 and a core module 114 .
  • the core housing 112 may be used to accommodate at least a portion of the core module 114 .
  • the movement module 114 may be used to convert audio signals (eg, electrical signals) into mechanical vibration signals to generate sound.
  • the movement module 114 may include a transducer device, a diaphragm, and the like.
  • the transducing device may be used to generate a mechanical vibration signal in response to the received audio signal.
  • the diaphragm can vibrate under the drive of the transducer to generate sound waves conducted through the air (also known as air-conducted acoustic waves or air-conducted sound).
  • the diaphragm may be physically connected to the transducer device and/or the movement housing 112 .
  • the diaphragm can move relatively with respect to the core housing 112 and/or the transducer device, thereby causing the air in the core housing 112 to vibrate.
  • the vibrations of the air may act on the user's ear (eg, eardrum) to be transmitted to the auditory nerve to be heard by the user.
  • the core housing 112 may include a skin contact area 116 .
  • the skin contact area 116 may be in contact with the user's skin.
  • the vibration signal generated by the transducer device can directly act on the user's bones and/or tissues through the skin contact area 116, so as to be transmitted to the user's bones and/or tissues through the bones and/or tissues.
  • the user's auditory nerve is heard by the user.
  • the sound that transmits mechanical vibration signals through bone and/or tissue so as to be heard by the user may be referred to as bone conduction acoustic wave or bone conduction sound.
  • the skin contact area 116 may also be referred to as the front case or first case of the movement case 112 .
  • the surface 115 of the core casing 112 opposite the front casing 116 may also be referred to as the rear casing or the second casing of the core casing 112 .
  • the material and thickness of the skin contact area 116 may affect the transmission of bone-conducted acoustic waves to the user, thereby affecting sound quality. For example, if the material of the skin contact area 116 is relatively soft, the transmission of bone-conducted acoustic waves in the low frequency range may be better than the transmission of bone-conducted acoustic waves in the high frequency range.
  • the air-conducted acoustic waves and the bone-conducted acoustic waves may represent the speech content contained in the audio signal input into the transducer device.
  • Speech content can be represented by the frequency components in air-conducted acoustic waves and bone-conducted acoustic waves.
  • the frequency components in the air-conducted acoustic waves and the bone-conducted acoustic waves may be different.
  • bone-conducted acoustic waves may contain more low-frequency components, while air-conducted acoustic waves may contain more high-frequency components.
  • the frequency range corresponding to the low frequency band may include 20Hz-150Hz
  • the frequency range corresponding to the middle frequency band may include 150Hz-5kHz
  • the frequency range corresponding to the high frequency band may include 5kHz-20kHz.
  • the frequency range corresponding to the middle and low frequency bands may include 150Hz-500Hz
  • the frequency range corresponding to the middle and high frequency bands may include 500Hz-5kHz.
  • the earhook assembly 120 may include an earhook 122 and a accommodating bin 124 .
  • the housing bin 124 may be used to house one or more components of the acoustic output device 100 .
  • the control circuit assembly 140 and/or the battery assembly 150 may be disposed within the housing compartment 124 .
  • the acoustic output device 100 may further include a sound pickup component, a communication component (eg, a Bluetooth component, a near field communication (NFC) component), and the like. Voice pickup components, communication components, and the like may be arranged in the accommodating bin 124 .
  • the pickup component can be used to pick up external sounds and convert them into audio signals
  • the communication component can be used to wirelessly connect the acoustic output device 100 to other devices (eg, mobile phones, computers, etc.).
  • one or more components of the acoustic output device 100 may be arranged in the same housing compartment of the earhook assembly 120 .
  • one or more components of the acoustic output device 100 may be disposed in the accommodating compartments of the two ear hook assemblies 120 respectively.
  • the control circuit assembly 140 and the battery assembly 150 may be disposed in the accommodating compartment 124 of the same earhook assembly 120 or in the accommodating compartments 124 of the two earhook assemblies 120 respectively.
  • control circuit assembly 140 and/or the battery assembly 150 may be electrically connected to the two core modules 114 through corresponding wires, wherein the control circuit assembly 140 may be used to control the core modules 114 to connect the electricity
  • the signal is converted into a mechanical vibration signal
  • the battery pack 150 can be used to power the acoustic output device 100 .
  • leads may be provided in the earhook 122 to establish electrical connections between the core module 114 and other components (eg, the control circuit assembly 140 , the battery module 150 , etc.) to facilitate power supply and the core module 114 . data transmission.
  • the earhook 122 can be set in a curved shape for hanging between the user's ear and the head, so as to facilitate the wearing of the acoustic output device 100 .
  • the earhook 122 may include elastic supports (eg, elastic wires).
  • the elastic support may be configured to hold the earhook 122 in a shape that matches the user's ear (eg, the pinna) and has a certain elasticity, so that a certain elastic deformation can occur according to the shape of the ear and the shape of the head .
  • the acoustic output device 100 may be adapted to users with different ear shapes and/or head shapes.
  • the elastic support member may be made of a memory alloy with good deformation recovery. Even if the earhook 122 is deformed due to an external force, when the external force is removed, the earhook 122 can be restored to its original shape, thereby extending the life of the acoustic output device 100 .
  • the earhook 122 may also include a protective sleeve 126 and a housing protector 128 integrally formed with the protective sleeve 126 .
  • the rear hanger assembly 130 may be configured in a curved shape for wrapping around the back of the user's head.
  • the two speaker assemblies 110 can closely fit the user's skin under the cooperation of the two ear hook assemblies 120 and the rear hook assembly 130 , so that the acoustic output device 100 can be worn more stably.
  • the rear hanger assembly 130 may also include a containment bin.
  • One or more components of the acoustic output device 100 (eg, the control circuit assembly 140 and/or the battery assembly 150 ) may be disposed in the accommodating compartment.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may have other wearing styles.
  • the earhook assembly 120 may be configured to envelop the user's ear, and the backhook assembly 130 may span the top of the user's head.
  • the two speaker assemblies 110 may communicate in a wired or wireless manner.
  • each speaker assembly 110 may be equipped with a separate ear-hook structure, and each ear-hook structure may independently fix its corresponding speaker assembly 110 near the user's left or right ear, or two ear-hook structures They can be further connected together by connecting rods.
  • the acoustic output device 200A may include a transducer device 210 , a diaphragm 220 and a housing 230 .
  • the housing 230 may form an accommodating cavity for accommodating the transducer device 210 and the diaphragm 220 .
  • Transducing device 210 may be used to convert received audio signals (eg, electrical signals) into mechanical vibration signals.
  • the acoustic output device 200A may further include a signal processing circuit (not shown).
  • the transducer device 210 may be electrically connected to the signal processing circuit to receive an audio signal and generate a mechanical vibration signal based on the audio signal.
  • the diaphragm 220 can vibrate under the driving of the transducer device 210 and generate air-conducting acoustic waves. Air-conducted sound waves can be delivered to the user through one or more sound outlet holes 234 on the housing 230 .
  • the transducer device 210 and the diaphragm 220 may also be referred to as a core module.
  • the housing 230 may also be referred to as a core housing.
  • the transducer device 210, the diaphragm 220 and the housing 230 may also be referred to as a speaker assembly.
  • the transducing device 210 may be physically connected to the housing 230 .
  • Housing 230 may include a skin contact area 231 (which may also be referred to as a first housing).
  • a skin contact area 231 which may also be referred to as a first housing.
  • the first area of the skin contact area 231 may be in contact with the user's skin, and the second area of the skin contact area 231 may not be in contact with the user's skin.
  • the skin contact area 231 may be, for example, set obliquely. Further description of the skin contact area of the acoustic output device can be found elsewhere in this specification (eg, Figure 11 and its description).
  • the acoustic output device 200A may also include a delivery assembly (not shown).
  • the transfer assembly may be physically connected to the housing 230 .
  • a skin contact area may be provided on the delivery assembly.
  • the mechanical vibration signal generated by the transducer device 210 can be transmitted to the user through the skin contact area on the transmission assembly to generate bone-conducted acoustic waves. More descriptions of delivery assemblies can be found elsewhere in this specification (eg, Figures 12-14 and their descriptions).
  • the transducing device 210 may be or include any element (eg, a vibration motor, an electromagnetic vibration device, etc.) that converts an audio signal (eg, an electrical signal) into a mechanical vibration signal.
  • Exemplary signal conversion methods may include, but are not limited to, electromagnetic types (eg, moving coil, moving iron, magnetostrictive), piezoelectric, electrostatic, and the like.
  • the internal structure of the transducer device 210 may be a single resonance system or a compound resonance system.
  • the transducer device 210 may include a magnetic circuit assembly 211 and a coil 213 .
  • Magnetic circuit assembly 211 may include one or more magnetic elements and/or magnetically permeable elements, which may be used to provide a magnetic field.
  • the coil 213 in the transducer device 210 can be directly fixed on the diaphragm 220 .
  • the vibration of the transducer device 210 can directly drive the vibration of the diaphragm 220 to generate air-conducted sound.
  • the coil 213 may be physically connected with the housing 230 .
  • the coil 213 may vibrate under the action of the magnetic field in response to the received audio signal, and drive the housing 230 (eg, the first housing 231 ) to vibrate to generate bone conduction sound waves.
  • the first housing 231 may contact the user's skin (eg, the skin on the user's head) and transmit bone conduction sound waves to the cochlea.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 211 may include a magnetic gap.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 211 can generate a magnetic field in the magnetic gap.
  • the coil 213 may be located in the magnetic gap. When a current (ie, an audio signal) is passed through the coil 213, the coil 213 may vibrate in a magnetic field and drive the first housing 231 to vibrate.
  • the transducer device 210 may also include a leaf spring (not shown).
  • the central area of the spring piece can be connected with the magnetic circuit assembly 211 .
  • the peripheral area of the spring leaf may be connected with the housing 230 to suspend the magnetic circuit assembly 211 within the housing 230 .
  • the diaphragm 220 may separate the accommodating cavity formed by the housing 230 to form the first cavity 222 and the second cavity 224 .
  • the diaphragm 220 may be connected between the transducer device 210 and the housing 230 to cooperate with the transducer device 210 (eg, the magnetic guide assembly 211 ) to divide the accommodating cavity into the first cavity 222 and the second cavity 224.
  • the diaphragm 220 may surround the rear surface of the magnetic circuit assembly 211 and be connected to the housing 230 to separate the accommodating cavity into the first cavity 222 and the second cavity 224 .
  • the "front" face portion or “rear” face portion of a component refers to the distance of the portion relative to the user's skin when the user wears the acoustic output device 200A.
  • the first chamber 222 may be closer to the user's skin than the second chamber 224 .
  • the first chamber 222 may also be referred to as a front chamber
  • the second chamber 224 may also be referred to as a rear chamber.
  • the diaphragm 220 may generate air-conducted acoustic waves in the first chamber 222 and/or the second chamber 224 based on the vibration of the transducer device 210 and/or the housing 230 .
  • the diaphragm 220 may be physically connected to the transducer device 210 (eg, the magnetic circuit assembly 211 ) and/or the housing 230 , for example, the diaphragm 220 is integrally located on the lower side (ie, the rear side) of the transducer device 210 and wraps around Part areas of the bottom wall and side wall of the transducer device 210 .
  • the vibration of the transducer device 210 may drive the housing 230 and/or the diaphragm 220 to vibrate.
  • the vibration of the diaphragm 220 may cause the air to vibrate in the first chamber 222 and/or the second chamber 224 .
  • the air vibration of the first chamber 222 and/or the second chamber 224 may propagate to the outside of the acoustic output device 200A (ie, generate air-conducted acoustic waves) through the sound outlet holes 234 provided on the housing 230 .
  • the sound exit holes 234 may be provided to communicate the first chamber 222 with the outside.
  • the transducer device 210 and the sound outlet 234 may be located on the same side of the diaphragm 220.
  • the skin contact area 231 may not be in contact with the user's skin. That is, the acoustic output device 200A may output only air-conducted acoustic waves.
  • the sound outlet hole 234 may be provided to communicate the second chamber 224 with the outside. In this case, the transducer device 210 and the sound outlet 234 may be located on both sides of the diaphragm 220 .
  • the phase of the bone-conducted acoustic wave generated by the transducer device 210 is the same as the phase of the air-conducted acoustic wave generated in the second chamber 224, in order to make the acoustic output device 200A have a higher volume, in this specification,
  • the arrangement of the sound outlet hole 234 to communicate with the second chamber 224 will be taken as an example, which does not limit the scope of the present application.
  • the sound outlet 234 may face the external auditory canal of the user's ear.
  • the housing 230 may include a first housing 231 and a second housing 233 .
  • the first shell 231 and the second shell 233 are snap-fitted to form the shell 230 .
  • the first shell 231 may constitute at least a part of the side wall of the first chamber 222
  • the second shell 233 may constitute at least a part of the side wall of the second chamber 224 , wherein the first shell 231 and the second shell 233 may have different resonant frequencies. More descriptions of the resonant frequencies of the first and second housings can be found elsewhere in this application (eg, FIG. 9 and its description).
  • the casing 230 (eg, the second casing 233 ) can drive the air around it to vibrate during the vibration process, so as to generate an air-conducting sound wave around the acoustic output device 200A. Since the air-conducted acoustic wave generated by the vibration of the second casing 233 is opposite to the phase of the air-conducted acoustic wave output by the sound outlet 234, the closer the position of the acoustic outlet 234 is to the second casing 233, the two paths of air-conducted acoustic waves are opposite to each other.
  • the acoustic output device 200A may further include a sound guide channel (eg, the sound guide channel 240a shown in FIG. 2A ) communicating with the sound outlet hole 234 .
  • the air-conducted sound waves passing through the sound outlet hole 234 may enter the sound guide channel, and propagate in a specific direction from the outlet end of the sound guide channel through the sound guide channel.
  • the sound guide channel can change the direction of propagation of the air-guided sound wave, thereby guiding the air-guided sound wave to a target direction (eg, the ear) outside the acoustic output device 200A.
  • the use of the sound guide channel can shorten the distance between the sound outlet end of the acoustic output device 200A (ie, the sound guide channel outlet end) and the user's ear, and at the same time, the sound outlet end of the acoustic output device 200A and the second housing can be enlarged. distance between 233.
  • the sound guiding channel can make the air conduction sound waves generated in the second chamber 224 (or the rear chamber) output through the sound outlet hole closer to the ear, allowing more sound to enter the ear.
  • the outlet end of the acoustic channel may be positioned to point in all directions.
  • the outlet end of the sound guide channel 240a of the acoustic output device 200A may be set to point toward the user's face.
  • the outlet end of the sound guiding channel 240b of the acoustic output device 200B may be set to point to the pinna of the user.
  • the outlet end of the sound guide channel 240c of the acoustic output device 200C may be in the form of an oblique outlet, so as to be directed to the user's ear canal.
  • the acoustic channel may comprise various shapes.
  • the sound guiding channel may comprise a meandering sound guiding channel.
  • the sound guide channel may include a straight-through sound guide channel.
  • the structure of the meandering acoustic guide channel cannot see the entirety of the other end from either the inlet end or the outlet end thereof, eg, as shown in FIG. 2A , FIG. 2B or FIG. 2C , respectively.
  • Sound channel 240a, sound guide channel 240b and sound guide channel 240c are examples of the sound guide channel 240c.
  • the structure of the straight-through sound guiding channel can be observed from either end of the inlet end and the outlet end to the other end, as shown in FIG. 2D and FIG. 2E , the sound guiding channel 240d of the acoustic output device 200D and the Sound guide channel 240e.
  • the outlet end of the oblique outlet can make the actual area of the outlet end of the sound guide channel not limited by the cross-sectional area of the sound guide channel, which is equivalent to increasing the cross-sectional area of the sound guide channel, which is beneficial to the air conduction sound. Output.
  • the channel wall of the sound guide channel may include a curved surface structure, so as to facilitate the realization of acoustic impedance matching between the sound guide channel and the atmosphere, thereby facilitating the output of air-guided sound, for example, as shown in FIG. 2E for sound guide
  • the sidewall of channel 240e is shown.
  • the acoustic structure having the second chamber 224, the sound guide channel and the sound outlet hole 234 may be equivalent to a Helmholtz resonant cavity structure, so the air-guided sound wave output by the acoustic output device 200A is in a certain frequency band
  • the first resonance peak ie, the resonance peak of the Helmholtz resonant cavity structure
  • its resonant frequency can be determined by formula (1):
  • f 0 represents the resonant frequency of the Helmholtz resonant cavity structure
  • S represents the cross-sectional area of the outlet end of the sound guiding channel
  • V represents the volume of the second chamber 224
  • l represents the length of the sound guiding channel
  • r represents the sound guiding channel equivalent radius. Therefore, the sound resonance frequency of the Helmholtz resonant cavity structure (that is, the output of the acoustic output device 200A) can be adjusted by adjusting parameters such as the volume of the second chamber 224, the cross-sectional area of the outlet end of the sound guide channel, and the length of the sound guide channel. The resonant frequency of air-conducted sound waves), thereby affecting the sound quality of the acoustic output device.
  • the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel can reduce the frequency of the high-frequency resonance peak.
  • the length of the acoustic channel is shortened, which can increase the frequency of the high-frequency resonance peak.
  • the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device 200A is relatively flat in a wider frequency band, the first resonance peak may be located at a higher frequency position as much as possible.
  • the peak resonant frequency of the first resonant peak may be greater than or equal to 1 kHz.
  • the peak resonant frequency of the first resonant peak may be greater than or equal to 1.5 kHz. In some embodiments, the peak resonant frequency of the first resonant peak may be greater than or equal to 2 kHz. In some embodiments, the peak resonant frequency of the first resonant peak may be greater than or equal to 2.5 kHz. In some embodiments, the peak resonant frequency of the first resonant peak may be greater than or equal to 3 kHz. In some embodiments, the peak resonant frequency of the first resonant peak may be greater than or equal to 3.5 kHz.
  • the peak resonant frequency of the first resonant peak may be greater than or equal to 4 kHz. In some embodiments, the peak resonant frequency of the first resonant peak may be greater than or equal to 4.5 kHz.
  • the acoustic channel may have a uniform cross-sectional area.
  • the cross-sectional area of the sound guide channel can be greater than or equal to 4mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 4.8 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 6 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 8 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 10 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 12 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 15 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 20 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 25 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the sound exit hole 234 may gradually decrease along the transmission direction of the air-guided sound wave.
  • the cross-sectional area of the sound-guiding channel may gradually increase along the transmission direction of the air-conducting sound wave, so that the sound-guiding channel is horn-shaped (as shown by the sound-guiding channel 240d in FIG. 2D ).
  • the cross-sectional area of the inlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 10 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the inlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 12 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the inlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 15 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the inlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 20 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the inlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 30 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the inlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 50 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the outlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 15 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the outlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 20 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the outlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 25 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the outlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 30 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the outlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 35 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the outlet end of the acoustic channel may be greater than or equal to 40 mm 2 .
  • the length of the acoustic channel may be less than or equal to 7 mm. In some embodiments, the length of the acoustic channel may be less than or equal to 6 mm. In some embodiments, the length of the acoustic channel may be less than or equal to 5 mm. In some embodiments, the length of the acoustic channel may be less than or equal to 4 mm. In some embodiments, the length of the acoustic channel may be less than or equal to 3 mm. In some embodiments, the length of the acoustic channel may be less than or equal to 2 mm. In some embodiments, the length of the acoustic channel may be less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the length of the acoustic channel may be in the range of 1mm-5mm. In some embodiments, the length of the acoustic channel may be in the range of 1.5mm-4mm. In some embodiments, the length of the acoustic channel may be in the range of 2mm-3.5mm. In some embodiments, the length of the acoustic channel may be 2.5 mm. In some embodiments, for a straight-through sound guiding channel, the length of the sound guiding channel may refer to the distance between the geometric centers of its inlet end and outlet end. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the bent sound guide channel may be divided into two or more straight-through sub-sound guide channels, and the length of the straight-through sub-sound guide channel may be divided and as the length of the curved acoustic channel. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the straight-through sub-sound guide channel 240a may be divided into a first straight-through sub-sound guide channel 242a and a second straight-through sound guide channel 244a.
  • the geometric center of the inlet end of the first straight-type sound-guiding channel 242a (or the sound-guiding channel 240a ) is point a, and the outlet end of the first straight-type sound-guiding channel 242a (or the second straight-through sound-guiding channel 244a )
  • the geometric center of the entry port) is point b.
  • the geometric center of the outlet end of the second straight-through sound guiding channel 244a (or the sound guiding channel 240a) is point c, then the length of the sound guiding channel 240a can be expressed as the distance between point a and point b and the distance between point b and point c The sum of the distances between.
  • the straight-through sub-acoustic guide channel 240b may be divided into a first straight-through sub-acoustic guide channel 242b, a second straight-through sound guide channel 244b, and a third straight-through sound-guiding channel 246b.
  • the geometric center of the inlet end of the first straight-type sound-guiding channel 242b (or the sound-guiding channel 240b ) is the point w, and the outlet end of the first straight-type sound-guiding channel 242b (or the second straight-through sound-guiding channel 244b ) The geometric center of the entry port) is the point x.
  • the geometric center of the inlet end of the second straight-through sound guiding channel 244b (or the third straight-through sound guiding channel 246b) is point y.
  • the geometric center of the outlet end of the third straight-through sound guiding channel 246b (or the sound guiding channel 240b) is point z, then the length of the sound guiding channel 240b can be expressed as the distance between point w and point x, the distance between point x and point y and the sum of the distances between point y and point z.
  • the volume of the second chamber 224 may be no greater than 400 mm 3 . In some embodiments, the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 200 mm 3 -400 mm 3 . In some embodiments, the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 250 mm 3 -380 mm 3 . In some embodiments, the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 300 mm 3 -360 mm 3 . In some embodiments, the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 320 mm 3 -355 mm 3 . In some embodiments, the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 340 mm 3 -350 mm 3 .
  • the volume of the second chamber 224 may be 350 mm 3 .
  • the ratio of the volume of the acoustic channel to the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 0.05-0.9. In some embodiments, the ratio of the volume of the acoustic channel to the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 0.1-0.8. In some embodiments, the ratio of the volume of the acoustic channel to the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 0.2-0.7. In some embodiments, the ratio of the volume of the acoustic channel to the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 0.3-0.6.
  • the ratio of the volume of the acoustic channel to the volume of the second chamber 224 may be in the range of 0.4-0.5. In some embodiments, the ratio of the volume of the acoustic channel to the volume of the second chamber 224 may be 0.45.
  • the outlet end of the sound guiding channel 240a may be covered with a first sound resistance net 250 .
  • the first acoustic resistance net 250 can be used to adjust the air-conducted sound output to the outside of the acoustic output device 200A through the sound outlet 234, so as to weaken the resonance of the air-conducted sound generated in the second chamber 224 in the mid-high frequency band or the high frequency band
  • the peak value of the peak makes the frequency response curve of the air conduction sound of the acoustic output device 200A smoother and the listening effect is better.
  • the first acoustic resistance net 250 can also isolate the second chamber 224 from the outside to a certain extent, so as to increase the waterproof and dustproof performance of the acoustic output device 200A.
  • the acoustic resistance mesh may be woven from gauze wires. Factors such as the wire diameter and density of the yarn mesh can affect the acoustic resistance of the acoustic resistance mesh. Every four gauze wires intersecting with each other among the plurality of gauze wires arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction and the interval in the lateral direction can be surrounded to form a void (as shown in FIG. 3 ).
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic resistive mesh shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present application.
  • the area of the area enclosed by the center line of the gauze wire of the acoustic resistance net 300 can be defined as S1, and the area of the area (that is, the pore) actually enclosed by the edge of the gauze wire can be defined as S2; then the porosity can be defined as for S2/S1.
  • the pore size can be expressed as the spacing between any two adjacent yarn threads having the same alignment direction, that is, the side length of the pore.
  • the acoustic resistance of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be less than or equal to 300 MKSrayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic resistance of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be less than or equal to 280 MKSrayls.
  • the acoustic resistance of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be less than or equal to 260 MKSrayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic resistance of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be less than or equal to 240 MKSrayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic resistance of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be less than or equal to 200 MKSrayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic resistance of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be less than or equal to 150 MKSrayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic resistance of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be less than or equal to 100 MKSrayls.
  • the porosity of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 10%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 13%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 15%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 20%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 25%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 30%.
  • the pore size of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 15 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the pore size of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 18 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the pore size of the first acoustic resistive mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 20 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the pore size of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 25 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the pore size of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 30 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the pore size of the first acoustic resistance mesh 250 may be greater than or equal to 35 ⁇ m.
  • the transducer device 210 may also include a coil support.
  • the coil 213 may be provided on the coil holder. At least a portion of the coil holder may be exposed from the side of the housing 230 in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the housing.
  • the acoustic output device 200A may further include a sound guide member.
  • the sound guide member may be provided with sound guide channels and recessed areas. When the sound guide member is physically connected to the housing, the coil support may be located in the recessed area. More descriptions of sound-guiding components can be found elsewhere in this application (eg, Figures 4 and 5 and their descriptions).
  • acoustic output device is intended to be illustrative, not to limit the scope of the present application. Numerous alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the features, structures, methods, and other features of the exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined in various ways to obtain additional and/or alternative exemplary embodiments.
  • the number, size, shape and/or position of one or more acoustic structures eg, sound exit holes, sound guide channels, speaker components, etc.
  • the casing 230 (eg, the first casing 231 ) may be provided with a pressure relief hole 232 that communicates with the first chamber 222 to facilitate the pressure relief between the first chamber 222 of the casing 230 and the outside pressure balance.
  • the first chamber 222 and the second chamber 224 may not be in fluid communication.
  • the first chamber 222 and the second chamber 224 may be in fluid communication.
  • the diaphragm 220 may be provided with one or more through holes.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the acoustic output device of FIG. 4 .
  • the acoustic output device 400 may be similar to the acoustic output device 200A shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the acoustic output device 400 may include a transducer device 410 , a diaphragm 420 , a housing 430 and a sound guide channel 440 .
  • the case 430 may include a first case 431 and a second case 433 .
  • the housing 430 may form an accommodating cavity for accommodating at least some elements of the transducer device 410 and the diaphragm 420 .
  • the accommodating cavity may include a first cavity 422 and a second cavity 424 .
  • the first chamber 422 may be used to house at least a portion of the transducer device 410 .
  • the housing 430 may be provided with a pressure relief hole 432 communicating with the first chamber 422 .
  • the housing 430 may be provided with a sound outlet 434 communicating with the second chamber 424 .
  • the transducer device 410 may include a magnetic circuit assembly 411 and a coil 413 . More descriptions of acoustic output device 400 can be found elsewhere in this application (eg, FIG. 2A and its description).
  • the transducer device 410 may also include a coil holder 415 .
  • a coil holder 415 may be disposed within the first chamber 422 for supporting the coil 413 .
  • the coil support 415 may fix the coil 413 on the housing 430 (eg, the first housing 431 ) and allow the coil 413 to protrude into the magnetic gap of the magnetic circuit assembly 410 .
  • the coil support 415 may be connected with the housing 430 . When the coil 413 vibrates under the action of the magnetic field provided by the magnetic circuit assembly 411 , the coil 413 can drive the coil support 415 to vibrate, thereby driving the casing 430 to vibrate.
  • the acoustic output device 400 may further include a sound guide member 450 .
  • the sound guide member 450 may be physically connected with the housing 430 .
  • the sound guide channel 440 may be provided on the sound guide member 450 .
  • at least a portion of the coil holder 415 may be exposed from the side of the housing 430 (eg, the first housing 431 ) in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the housing 430 (eg, direction B in FIG. 4 ) .
  • the sound guide member 450 may further include a recessed area 452 . When the sound guide member 450 is physically connected to the housing 430 , the coil holder 415 may be located within the recessed area 452 .
  • the side of the first shell 431 located at the sound guide member 450 may be at least partially cut away to expose the coil support 415 at least partially.
  • the sound guide member 450 can be fastened to the exposed portion 4155 of the coil support 415 and the second shell 433 , and when the second shell 433 is connected, the sound guide channel 440 communicates with the sound outlet hole 432 .
  • the first casing 431 on the side where the sound guide member 450 is located does not need to completely wrap the coil bracket 415 , which can not only prevent the acoustic output device 400 from being too thick locally, but also does not hinder the fixing between the sound guide member 450 and the casing 430 .
  • the exposed portion 4155 of the coil support 415 and at least the portion 4157 of the second housing 433 located on the side where the sound guide hole 434 is located may cooperate to form a boss.
  • at least a portion 4157 of the second housing 433 may be referred to as a first sub-boss portion.
  • the exposed portion 4155 of the coil holder 415 may also be referred to as a second sub-boss portion.
  • the outlet end of the sound outlet hole 434 may be located at the top of the first sub-boss portion 4157 .
  • a concave area 452 may be provided on the side of the sound guide member 450 facing the coil support 415 and the second housing 433 .
  • the inlet end of the sound guide channel 440 may communicate with the concave bottom of the concave area 452 .
  • the boss can be embedded in the recessed area 452 , and the sound guide channel 440 is communicated with the sound outlet hole 434 .
  • the sound guide member 450 and the housing 430 may just be in contact.
  • a gap may be left between the sound guide member 450 and the housing 430 to improve the distance between the sound guide channel 440 and the sound outlet hole 434 . Air tightness.
  • an annular seal (not shown in the figure) may also be disposed between the top of the boss and the bottom of the recess of the recessed area 452 .
  • the sound guide member 450 and the housing 430 can be connected by plugging.
  • one of the housing 430 (eg, the second housing 433 ) and the sound guide member 450 may be provided with insertion holes, and the other may be provided with insertion posts.
  • the plug post can be inserted and fixed in the plug hole, so as to improve the precision and reliability of the assembly of the sound guide member 450 and the housing 430 .
  • the insertion hole 435 may be provided on the second housing 433, for example, may be provided on the first sub-boss portion.
  • the insertion post 454 may be disposed on the sound guide member 450 , for example, may be disposed in the recessed area 452 .
  • the sound guide member 450 and the housing 430 may be assembled along the direction shown by the dotted line in FIG. 5 .
  • the acoustic output device 400 may further include an acoustic resistance mesh 460 and/or a protective cover 470 .
  • the acoustic resistance net 460 can adjust the acoustic resistance of the air conduction sound generated in the second chamber 424 .
  • the protective cover 470 may be provided around the outlet of the sound guide channel 440 to protect the acoustic output device 400 and improve the appearance of the acoustic output device 400 .
  • FIG. 6A is a block diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device shown in accordance with some embodiments of the present application.
  • 6B-6E are schematic diagrams of exemplary acoustic output devices according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 600 may be similar to the acoustic output device 200A shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the acoustic output device 600 may include a transducer device 610 , a diaphragm 620 and a housing 630 .
  • the housing 630 may form an accommodating cavity for accommodating at least some elements of the transducer device 610 and the diaphragm 620 .
  • the accommodating cavity may include a first cavity 622 and a second cavity 624 .
  • the first chamber 622 may be used to house the transducer device 610 .
  • the housing 630 may be provided with a sound outlet 634 communicating with the accommodating cavity.
  • the sound outlet 634 may be provided to communicate the first chamber 622 with the outside world (as shown in FIG. 6D ).
  • the sound outlet 634 may be provided to communicate the second chamber 624 with the outside world (as shown in FIGS. 6B and 6B ).
  • the transducer device 610 may include a magnetic circuit assembly 611 and a coil 613 . More descriptions of acoustic output device 600 can be found elsewhere in this application (eg, FIG. 2A and its description).
  • the frequency response curve of the air-conducted acoustic wave output by the acoustic output device 600 is higher The frequency band will generate a first resonance peak, thereby causing the sound quality of the acoustic output device 600 to deteriorate.
  • the output sound of the chamber increases sharply, so that the sound leakage caused by the air conduction sound output by the acoustic output device 600 has a sudden increase in the frequency band near the peak frequency of the first resonant peak.
  • the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 may be used to attenuate the peak of the first resonant peak of the air-conducted acoustic wave and the resonant intensity in its vicinity.
  • the resonant frequency of the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 may be the same as the peak frequency of the first resonant peak.
  • the difference between the resonant frequency of the Helmholtz cavity 640 and the peak frequency of the first resonant peak may be within one octave.
  • the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 may include a resonant cavity body 642 and at least one resonant cavity port 644 .
  • the Helmholtz cavity 640 may communicate with the second chamber 624 to adjust the frequency response of the air-conducted acoustic waves generated in the second chamber 624 .
  • the resonance cavity 644 may communicate with the resonance cavity 642 and the second chamber 624 .
  • the resonance cavity opening 644 may be disposed on the side wall of the second cavity 624 . For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the resonant cavity opening 644 may be provided on the housing (ie, the second housing) constituting the second chamber 624 , and the resonant cavity 642 may be suspended outside the second housing.
  • the resonant cavity opening 644 and the resonant cavity body 642 may be disposed on the magnetic circuit assembly 611 .
  • the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 communicates with the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 when the resonant cavity port 644 of the second cavity 624 is in an open state and the peak resonance intensity of the first resonance peak communicates with the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 in the second cavity.
  • the difference between the peak resonance intensities of the first resonance peaks when the opening of 624 is in the closed state may be greater than or equal to 3dB, specifically, may be 5dB, 10dB, 15dB, 20dB, and the like.
  • different weakening effects of the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 on the first resonance peak can be obtained by setting one or more parameters of the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 .
  • the volume of the resonance cavity 642 and/or the cross-sectional area of the sound outlet hole 634 can be set to obtain different attenuation effects of the Helmholtz resonance cavity 640 on the first resonance peak (as shown in FIG. 7 ).
  • a sound guide channel may be provided at the sound outlet 634, and different attenuation effects of the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 on the first resonance peak may be obtained by setting the length of the sound guide channel.
  • the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 can be obtained by arranging an acoustic resistance net at the resonant cavity opening 644 (as shown in FIG. 8 ).
  • the volume of the resonant cavity 642 of the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 may be the same as or different from the volume of the second chamber 624 .
  • the mass of the magnetic circuit assembly 611 is larger than that of the casing 630, and the amplitude of the magnetic circuit assembly 611 is smaller than that of the casing 630 under the same driving force, especially in the middle and high frequencies segment (eg, greater than 1 kHz).
  • the vibration amplitude of the magnetic circuit assembly 611 is smaller than that of the housing 630 . Based on this, disposing the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 on the magnetic circuit assembly 611 can obtain a wall surface with less vibration, which has a more significant effect of absorbing sound energy and weakening the first resonance peak.
  • the Helmholtz cavity 640 may communicate with the first chamber 622 to adjust the frequency response of the air-conducted acoustic waves generated in the first chamber 622 .
  • the resonance cavity 644 may communicate with the resonance cavity 642 and the first chamber 622 .
  • Air-conducted sound waves can be generated in the first chamber 622 and transmitted to the user's ear canal through the sound outlet 634 .
  • the housing 630 may not be in contact with the user's skin, that is, the acoustic output device 600 may not generate bone-conducted acoustic waves. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • both the resonance cavity port 644 and the resonance cavity body 642 may be provided on the magnetic circuit assembly 611 , and the resonance cavity port 644 communicates with the first chamber 622 .
  • the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 communicates with the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 when the peak resonance intensity of the first resonance peak when the resonant cavity port 644 of the first cavity 622 is in an open state communicates with the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 in the first cavity
  • the difference between the peak resonance intensities of the first resonance peaks when the opening of 622 is in the closed state may be greater than or equal to 3dB, specifically, may be 5dB, 10dB, 15dB, 20dB, and the like.
  • the Helmholtz resonant cavity 640 may communicate with the first cavity 622 and the second cavity 624 at the same time for simultaneously modulating the air-conducted acoustic waves (also referred to as the first cavity) generated by the first cavity 622 sound leakage generated in chamber 622 ) and the frequency response of air-conducted acoustic waves generated in second chamber 624 .
  • the Helmholtz resonance cavity 640 may include a resonance cavity port 644 (also referred to as a first resonance cavity port) communicating with the first chamber 622 and a resonance cavity port communicating with the second chamber 624 646 (may also be referred to as the second resonance cavity port).
  • the area of the first resonance cavity opening 644 may be greater than or equal to the area of the second resonance cavity opening 646 .
  • a second acoustic resistance net 650 may also be disposed at the mouth of at least one resonant cavity.
  • the porosity of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be greater than or equal to 3%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be greater than or equal to 4%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be greater than or equal to 5%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be greater than or equal to 10%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be greater than or equal to 15%.
  • the porosity of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be greater than or equal to 30%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be greater than or equal to 50%. In some embodiments, the porosity of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be 100%.
  • the acoustic resistance of the second acoustic resistance net 650 may be 0-1000 MKSrayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic resistance of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be 50-900 MKSrayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic resistance of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be 100-800 MKSrayls.
  • the acoustic resistance of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be 200-700 MKSrayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic resistance of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be 300-600 MKSrayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic resistance of the second acoustic resistance mesh 650 may be 400-500 MKSrayls.
  • acoustic output device 600 is intended to be illustrative, not to limit the scope of the present application. Numerous alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the features, structures, methods, and other features of the exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined in various ways to obtain additional and/or alternative exemplary embodiments.
  • the housing 630 is further provided with a pressure relief hole 632
  • the interaction of the chamber communicating with the pressure relief hole 632 can also be equivalent to a Helmholtz resonance cavity structure.
  • the acoustic output device 600 may further include a Helmholtz resonant cavity in communication with the chamber, so as to weaken the resonance peak of the air-conducted acoustic wave generated by the chamber, thereby improving the sound quality of the acoustic output device 600.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the frequency response of air-conducted acoustic waves of the acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • M represents the area of the resonant cavity opening of the Helmholtz resonant cavity.
  • C represents the volume of the resonant cavity of the Helmholtz resonant cavity.
  • Curve 7-1 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device not provided with the Helmholtz resonant cavity.
  • Curve 7-2 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device provided with the Helmholtz resonant cavity, wherein the resonant cavity mouth area of the Helmholtz resonant cavity is 2M, and the resonant cavity volume is 0.5C.
  • Curve 7-3 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device provided with the Helmholtz resonant cavity, wherein the resonant cavity mouth area of the Helmholtz resonant cavity is M, and the resonant cavity volume is C.
  • Curve 7-4 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device provided with the Helmholtz resonant cavity, wherein the resonant cavity mouth area of the Helmholtz resonant cavity is 0.5M, and the resonant cavity volume is 2C. It can be seen from Fig. 7 that different resonant cavity volume and resonant cavity mouth cross-sectional area can make different Helmholtz resonant cavities have the same resonant frequency.
  • the acoustic output device When the acoustic output device is not provided with a Helmholtz resonant cavity (corresponding to curve 7-1), due to the interaction between the second chamber that generates the air-conducted acoustic wave and the sound outlet and/or the sound guide channel, the output of the acoustic output device The frequency response curve of the air-conducted acoustic wave will generate a first resonance peak P in a higher frequency band, thereby causing the sound quality of the acoustic output device to deteriorate.
  • a Helmholtz resonant cavity corresponding to curve 7-1
  • the resonant frequency of the Helmholtz resonant cavity can be kept constant.
  • a Helmholtz resonant cavity for weakening the first resonant peak P of the air-conducted acoustic wave is provided in the acoustic output device, with the reduction of the area of the resonant cavity (ie, M) and the increase in the size of the resonant cavity As the volume (ie, C) increases, the wider the frequency bandwidth of the Helmholtz resonator attenuating the first resonance peak P, the more significant the weakening effect.
  • FIG. 8 is a frequency response curve diagram of an air-conducted acoustic wave of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • R represents the acoustic resistance of the second acoustic resistance net arranged at the resonant cavity mouth of the Helmholtz resonant cavity.
  • Curve 8-1 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device not provided with the Helmholtz resonant cavity.
  • Curve 8-2 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device provided with a Helmholtz resonant cavity and a second acoustic resistance net with an acoustic resistance of 0.2R is disposed at the resonant cavity mouth of the Helmholtz resonant cavity.
  • Curve 8-3 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device provided with a Helmholtz resonant cavity and a second acoustic resistance net with an acoustic resistance R at the resonant cavity mouth of the Helmholtz resonant cavity.
  • Curve 8-4 represents the frequency response curve of the acoustic output device provided with a Helmholtz resonant cavity and a second acoustic impedance net with an acoustic resistance of 5R is set at the resonant cavity mouth of the Helmholtz resonant cavity.
  • the frequency response curve of the air-conducted acoustic wave output by the acoustic output device will generate a first resonance peak P at a higher frequency.
  • the acoustic output device After the Helmholtz resonant cavity for weakening the first resonance peak P of the air-conducted acoustic wave is arranged in the acoustic output device, with the increase of the acoustic resistance of the second acoustic resistance net arranged at the mouth of the resonant cavity, the acoustic output device The frequency response curve is flatter. In other words, the sound quality of the acoustic output device can be more balanced by setting the Helmholtz resonant cavity and adjusting the acoustic resistance of the second acoustic resistance net.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a frequency response curve of an air-conducted acoustic wave of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 900 may be similar to the acoustic output device 200A shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the acoustic output device 900 may include a transducer device 910 , a diaphragm 920 and a housing 930 .
  • the housing 930 may form an accommodating cavity for accommodating at least some elements of the transducer device 910 and the diaphragm 920 .
  • the accommodating cavity may include a first cavity 922 and a second cavity 924 .
  • the first chamber 922 may be used to house the transducer device 910 .
  • the housing 930 may be provided with a sound outlet 934 communicating with the second chamber 924 .
  • the housing 930 may also be provided with a pressure relief hole 932 communicating with the first chamber 922 .
  • the transducer device 910 may include a magnetic circuit assembly 911 and a coil 913 . More descriptions of acoustic output device 900 can be found elsewhere in this specification (eg, FIG. 2A and its description).
  • the housing 930 may include a first housing 931 (which may also be referred to as a main housing) and a second housing 933 (which may also be referred to as an auxiliary housing).
  • the first case 931 and the second case 933 may be connected to constitute the case 930 .
  • the first casing 931 may constitute at least a part of the first chamber 922
  • the second casing 933 may constitute at least a part of the second chamber 924 .
  • the second material from which the second housing 933 is made may be the same as the first material from which the first housing 931 is made.
  • the second casing 933 can be connected to the first casing 931 through the elastic connecting member 936 and cooperate with the diaphragm 920 to form the second cavity 924 .
  • the first shell 931, the transducer device 910 (for example, the spring plate connected to the first shell 931 in the transducer device 910) and the diaphragm 920 can form a vibration system with a natural frequency f1
  • the first The two shells 933 and the elastic connecting member 936 can form a vibration system with a natural frequency f2.
  • the second material from which the second housing 933 is made may be different from the first material from which the first housing 931 is made.
  • the second case 933 may have a different elastic coefficient from that of the first case 931 .
  • the first case 931 may have a natural frequency f1 corresponding to the first material
  • the second case 933 may have a natural frequency f2 corresponding to the second material.
  • the natural frequency f1 associated with the first casing 931 may also be referred to as the first resonance frequency of the first casing 931
  • the natural frequency f2 associated with the second casing 933 may also be referred to as the second casing the second resonant frequency of the body 933 .
  • the resonance frequency of the casings can be measured by a laser vibrometer, an accelerometer, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • the vibration of the outer surface of the second casing 933 can be measured by a laser vibrometer, so that the second resonance frequency f2 of the second casing 933 can be measured.
  • an accelerometer may be bonded or mechanically mounted on the surface of the second casing 933 , and the vibration of the outer surface of the second casing 933 may be measured by using the accelerometer to determine the second resonant frequency f2 of the second casing 933 .
  • the first resonant frequency may be less than the second resonant frequency.
  • the air conduction acoustic wave of the acoustic output device 900 can be controlled by adjusting the second resonance frequency of the second housing 933 .
  • f2 represents the second resonance frequency of the second case 933 .
  • the acoustic output device 900 can output strong air-conducting acoustic waves in a frequency band lower than the second resonant frequency of the second housing 933 . In the frequency band higher than the second resonance frequency of the second housing 933 , the acoustic output device 900 hardly outputs air-conducted acoustic waves.
  • the transducer device 910 and/or the diaphragm 920 can be considered to be almost stationary or move in the opposite direction to the first housing 931 vibration.
  • the vibration frequency of the first housing 931 is lower than the second resonance frequency (eg, between 20 Hz to 150 Hz or between 20 Hz to 400 Hz)
  • the phase difference between the second housing 933 and the first housing 931 Can be between - ⁇ /3 to + ⁇ /3.
  • the vibration directions of the second casing 933 and the first casing 931 may be the same, that is, the first casing 931 and the second casing 933 are in the same phase.
  • the air between the second casing 933 and the diaphragm 920 may be compressed or By expanding, the air-conducted sound waves that are output to the outside of the acoustic output device 900 through the sound outlet 934 can be generated.
  • the vibration frequency of the first housing 931 is greater than the second resonance frequency (for example, the vibration frequency of the first housing 931 is between 2 kHz and 4 kHz or between 1 kHz and 2 kHz)
  • the second housing 933 and the first The phase difference between the housings 931 may be between 2 ⁇ /3 to 4 ⁇ /3.
  • the vibration directions of the second housing 933 and the first housing 931 may be opposite, and the vibration directions of the transducer device 910 and/or the diaphragm 920 may be the same.
  • the air in the second chamber 924 is not easily compressed or expanded, so that it is difficult to generate air-conducted sound waves that are output to the outside of the acoustic output device 900 through the sound outlet 934 .
  • the acoustic output device 900 can be controlled to generate output to the acoustic output device through the sound outlet 934 in a specific frequency band (eg, a low frequency frequency less than f2).
  • the air-conducted sound waves outside the acoustic output device 900 are hardly generated in another frequency band (eg, a high frequency band greater than f2 ), and the air-conducted sound waves output to the outside of the acoustic output device 900 through the sound outlet 934 are hardly generated.
  • the air-conducted acoustic wave can be used to supplement the specific frequency band of the bone-conducted acoustic wave.
  • the magnitude of the second resonance frequency may be adjusted according to parameters such as the elastic coefficient of the second housing 933 and/or the elastic connecting member 936, which is not limited herein.
  • the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 10 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 8 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 6 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 5 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 3 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 2 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 1 kHz. In some embodiments, the second resonant frequency may be less than or equal to 0.5 kHz.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 1100 may be similar to the acoustic output device 200A shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the acoustic output device 1100 may include a speaker assembly.
  • the speaker assembly may include a core module (eg, transducer, diaphragm) and a housing 1110 .
  • the housing 1110 may form an accommodating cavity for accommodating the transducer device and at least some elements in the diaphragm.
  • the accommodating cavity may include a first cavity and a second cavity.
  • the first chamber may be used to house at least a portion of the transducing device.
  • the housing 1110 may be provided with a sound outlet communicating with the second chamber.
  • the casing 1110 may also be provided with a pressure relief hole communicating with the first chamber.
  • the transducing device may include a magnetic circuit assembly coil. More descriptions of the acoustic output device 1100 can be found elsewhere in this specification (eg, FIG. 2A and its description).
  • the skin contact area 1112 of the housing 1110 (also referred to as the first housing 1112 ) is used for contacting the skin of the user. Contact, so as to transmit the mechanical vibration generated by the movement module, and then form bone conduction sound waves.
  • the transducer device and the housing 1110 move relative to each other.
  • the second chamber generates an air-conducted sound wave that is in the same phase as the bone-conducted sound and transmitted to the human ear through the sound outlet.
  • the mechanical properties (eg, elasticity, damping, mass) of the user's skin may adversely affect the vibration state of the movement module.
  • the better and tighter the casing 1110 ie, the first region 11A in the first casing 1112
  • the weaker the vibration of the casing 1110 is.
  • the weakening of the vibration of the casing 1110 can weaken the relative motion between the casing 1110, the transducer device and the diaphragm, and thus the resulting air-conducted sound is also reduced, which ultimately affects the air-conducted sound. listening effect.
  • the casing 1110 cannot be completely separated from the user's skin, because this will affect the transmission of the bone-conducted sound waves, thereby affecting the listening effect of the bone-conducted sound.
  • the shell 1110 and/or the diaphragm vibrate to generate enough air conduction sound waves without reducing the bone conduction sound waves.
  • the transmission efficiency can be reduced, and the contact area between the casing and the user's skin can be reduced, for example, the skin contact area 1112 can be inclined.
  • the skin contact area 1112 may include a first area 11A and a second area 11B.
  • the acoustic output device 1100 may also include a support assembly 1120 (eg, the earhook 122 in Figure IB). One end of the support assembly 1120 may be connected to the housing 1110 for supporting the speaker assembly.
  • the second area 11B may be farther from the support assembly 1120 than the first area 11A.
  • the first region 11A of the skin contact region 1112 can be in contact with the user's skin to vibrate and generate bone conduction sound waves driven by the transducer device.
  • the second area 11B of the skin contact area 1112 may be non-contacting (eg, angled or spaced apart) with respect to the user's skin.
  • the first region 11A and the second region 11B may be coplanar to reduce the difficulty of processing the casing 1110 .
  • the housing 1110 and the support 1120 may be set at a certain angle, so that the acoustic output device 1100 is inclined and spaced relative to the user's skin when the acoustic output device 1100 is in the wearing state.
  • the first region 11A and the second region 11B may be non-coplanar.
  • the first area 11A and the second area 11B may be located on two planes, respectively, and the two planes may be connected by an arc surface.
  • the first region 11A and the second region 11B may be different parts of an arc surface, respectively.
  • the inclination angle of the skin contact area 1112 (ie, the angle ⁇ between the second area 11B and the user's skin) can be set according to actual requirements.
  • the angle ⁇ between the second region 11B and the user's skin may refer to the average value of the maximum angle and the minimum angle between the tangent plane of the second region 11B and the plane where the user's skin is located.
  • the angle ⁇ between the second region 11B and the user's skin may be in the range of 0°-45°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the second region 11B and the user's skin may be in the range of 2°-40°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the second region 11B and the user's skin may be in the range of 5°-35°. In some embodiments, the angle ⁇ between the second region 11B and the user's skin may be in the range of 10°-30°. In some embodiments, the angle ⁇ between the second region 11B and the user's skin may be in the range of 15°-25°. In some embodiments, the area of the second region 11B may be larger than that of the first region 11A.
  • the acoustic output device 1200 may include a speaker assembly 1210 , a transfer assembly 1220 and a support assembly 1230 .
  • Speaker assembly 1210 may be connected to support assembly 1230 through transfer assembly 1220 .
  • Speaker assembly 1210 may be used to generate mechanical vibration signals (eg, bone-conducted acoustic waves and/or air-conducted acoustic waves) from electrical signals.
  • the electrical signal may contain acoustic information.
  • the sound information can be a video file or an audio file with a specific data format, or it can be general data or a file that can be finally converted into sound in a specific way.
  • Electrical signals can be received from sources such as microphones, computers, mobile phones, MP3 players, and the like.
  • a microphone can receive sound signals from a sound source. The microphone may then convert the received sound signal into an electrical signal and transmit the electrical signal to the speaker assembly 1210 .
  • speaker assembly 1210 may be connected to or in communication with an MP3 player.
  • the MP3 player can transmit electrical signals directly to the speaker assembly 1210.
  • the speaker assembly 1210 may connect and/or communicate with the signal source through a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination thereof.
  • Wired connections may include, for example, electrical cables, fiber optic cables, telephone lines, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the wireless connection may include a Bluetooth TM network, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a near field communication (NFC) network, a ZigBee TM network, etc., or any combination thereof. More descriptions of speaker assemblies can be found elsewhere in this application (eg, FIG. 2A and its description).
  • Pass-through assembly 1220 may be physically connected to speaker assembly 1210 . Accordingly, transfer assembly 1220 may receive vibration signals from speaker assembly 1210 .
  • an angle may be formed between the transfer assembly 1220 and the user.
  • the angle between the delivery component 1220 and the user refers to the angle between the long axis of the delivery component 1220 and the plane on which the user's skin lies. In some embodiments, the angle may be in the angular range of 0 to 90°, or 0° to 70°, or 5° to 50°, or 10° to 50°, or 10° to 30°.
  • the transmission assembly 1220 may be used to contact the user through a skin contact area on the transmission assembly 1220, and to transmit the received vibration signal to the user through the skin contact area.
  • the area of contact between the delivery assembly 1220 and the user eg, the user's skin
  • the skin-contacting area on the delivery assembly 1220 can be positioned, for example, on the forehead, neck (eg, throat), face (eg, the area around the mouth, chin), the top of the head, the mastoid, the area around the ears , temples, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the skin contact area on the delivery assembly 1220 may be a distance from the speaker assembly 1210.
  • the speaker assembly 1210 can vibrate about an axis of rotation proximate the skin contact area of the transfer assembly 1220.
  • the skin contact area on transfer assembly 1220 may be closer to the axis of rotation than speaker assembly 1210. Therefore, the vibration intensity of the skin contact area on the transfer assembly 1220 may be less than the vibration intensity of the speaker assembly 1210, thereby reducing the vibration transmitted to the user.
  • the transfer assembly 1220 may include a resilient element having at least one arcuate configuration.
  • the skin contacting area of the delivery assembly 1220 can be on the raised portion of the at least one arcuate structure.
  • the speaker assembly 1210 can vibrate around the skin contact area in response to the vibration signal.
  • the transmission assembly 1220 may include a connection unit, a vibration transmission plate and an elastic element.
  • the speaker assembly 1210 may be disposed on the upper surface of the connection unit, and the vibration transmission plate may be connected to one end of the connection unit.
  • the skin contact area of the transfer assembly 1220 may be provided on the vibration transfer plate.
  • the support assembly 1230 may be connected to the connection unit or the vibration transmission plate through an elastic member.
  • the speaker assembly 1210 may vibrate about the connection point between the support assembly 1230 and the elastic element in response to the vibration signal. More descriptions of transfer assemblies with connecting units, vibration transfer plates, and elastic elements can be found elsewhere in this application (eg, Figure 13 and its description).
  • the skin-contacting area of the delivery assembly 1220 may be positioned in the area around the ear such that one surface of the speaker assembly 1210 faces the user's ear canal.
  • the speaker assembly 1210 may drive the air around the vibration speaker 1210 to vibrate and generate air-conducted sound waves. Air-conducted sound waves can be transmitted through the air to the ear, enhancing the intensity of the sound delivered to the user. Therefore, the user can not only hear the bone conduction sound waves generated by the vibration of the skin contact area of the transmission assembly 1220, but also the air conduction sound waves generated by the speaker assembly 1210 driving the surrounding air.
  • the housing of the speaker assembly 1210 may include one or more sound exit holes, eg, disposed at a side wall of the housing or a side facing the user's ear canal.
  • the air-conducted sound waves generated in the housing (eg, the second chamber) of the speaker assembly 1210 can be transmitted out of the housing through the one or more sound outlet holes, and further transmitted to the user's ear .
  • the one or more sound exit holes of the speaker assembly 1210 may be arranged toward the user's ear canal. Therefore, the user can further hear the air-conducted sound waves transmitted by the one or more sound outlet holes of the speaker assembly 1210, thereby enhancing the sound intensity heard by the user.
  • the support assembly 1230 may be physically connected to the speaker assembly 1210 through the transfer assembly 1220 .
  • Support assembly 1230 may be configured to support transfer assembly 1220 and/or speaker assembly 1210 such that transfer assembly 1220 may contact the user's skin.
  • the support assembly 1230 can include a securing portion that can better secure the acoustic output device 1200 to the user and prevent it from falling off during use by the user.
  • the fixation portion may have any shape suitable for a certain part of the human body (eg, ear, head, neck), eg, U-shape, C-shape, circular shape, oval shape, semi-circular shape and the same shape, so that the acoustic output device 1200 can be independently worn on the user's body.
  • the shape of the fixed portion of the support assembly 1230 may match the shape of the human auricle, so that the acoustic output device 1200 may be independently worn on the user's ear.
  • the shape of the fixed portion of the support assembly 1230 may match the shape of a person's head, so that the support assembly 1230 may be suspended on the user's head, which may prevent the acoustic output device 1200 from falling off.
  • the support assembly 1230 may be a shell structure with a hollow interior.
  • the hollow interior can accommodate battery components, control circuit components, Bluetooth devices, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the support assembly 1230 may be made of various materials, such as metallic materials (eg, aluminum, gold, copper, etc.), alloy materials (eg, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, etc.), plastic materials (eg, polyethylene, etc.) , polypropylene, epoxy resin, nylon, etc.), fiber materials (eg, acetate fiber, propionate fiber, carbon fiber, etc.), etc.
  • the support assembly 1230 may be provided with a sheath.
  • the sheath can be made of a soft material with certain elasticity, such as soft silicone, rubber, etc., which can provide users with a better tactile feeling.
  • connection between any two components of the acoustic output device 1200 may include bonding, riveting, screwing, integrally forming, aspirating connections or other similar means, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the acoustic output device 1200 may also include an auxiliary support member that may be used to assist in supporting the speaker assembly 1210 by contacting the user.
  • the auxiliary support member may have a rod-like structure, and an end of the auxiliary support member may be directly connected to the speaker assembly 1210 . Therefore, when the user wears the acoustic output device 1200, the auxiliary support member may be in contact with the speaker assembly 1210. Therefore, the speaker assembly 1210 can transmit part of the vibration signal to the user through the auxiliary supporting member, thereby further enhancing the sound intensity heard by the user.
  • the acoustic output device 1300 may include a speaker assembly 1310 , a transfer assembly 1320 (components in dashed box 1320 ), and a support assembly 1330 .
  • Speaker assembly 1310 may be connected to support assembly 1330 through transfer assembly 1320 .
  • the speaker assembly 1310 may generate a vibration signal representing sound according to the electrical signal.
  • speaker assembly 1310 may include a transducer, a diaphragm, and a housing.
  • the transducing device may include a magnetic circuit assembly and a coil. The coil can vibrate in the magnetic field provided by the magnetic circuit assembly and drive the diaphragm and/or the housing to vibrate.
  • the case may include a front case facing a side of the human body and a rear case opposite to the front case.
  • Speaker assembly 1310 may provide various formants.
  • speaker assembly 1310 may provide one or more low frequency formants with a frequency range of less than 500 Hz, or a frequency range of less than 800 Hz, or a frequency range of less than 1000 Hz.
  • the low frequency formants may be related to the elastic modulus of the shell. The lower the elastic modulus of the housing, the lower the low frequency formant of the speaker assembly 1310 may be.
  • the delivery component 1320 can deliver the vibration signal to the user (eg, the user's cochlea) through contact with the user.
  • the transfer assembly 1320 may include a connection unit 1322 , a vibration transfer plate 1324 and an elastic element 1326 .
  • the skin contact area of the transfer assembly 1320 that is in contact with the user may be provided on the vibration transfer plate 1324 .
  • connection unit 1322 may be a structure having two ends (eg, a first end E1 and a second end E2).
  • the connecting unit 1322 may be a rod-like structure, a sheet-like structure, or the like having two ends.
  • the speaker assembly 1310 may be connected to the vibration transmission plate 1324 through the connection unit 1322 .
  • the side wall (eg, the lower side wall) of the speaker assembly 1310 may be connected with the side wall (eg, the upper side wall) of the connecting unit 1322.
  • the speaker assembly 1310 may be disposed on the upper side or connected to the first end E1 of the connection unit 1322 . For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the speaker assembly 1310 when the connecting unit 1322 is a rectangular rod, the speaker assembly 1310 may be disposed on the upper side wall of the connecting unit 1322 .
  • the upper side of the connection unit 1322 refers to the side of the connection unit 1322 facing away from the user's skin
  • the lower side of the connection unit 1322 refers to the side of the connection unit 1322 facing the user's skin.
  • the upper side of the speaker assembly 1310 refers to the side of the speaker assembly 1310 that faces away from the user's skin
  • the lower side of the speaker assembly 1310 refers to the side of the speaker assembly 1310 that faces the user's skin.
  • the connecting unit 1322 when the connecting unit 1322 is a rod-shaped structure, the cross-section of the rod may be any other shape, such as a rectangle, a triangle, a circle, an ellipse, a regular hexagon, an irregular shape, and the like.
  • the connection unit 1322 when the connection unit 1322 is a sheet-like structure, the shape of the sheet-like structure may include a rectangle, an ellipse, an irregular shape, and the like.
  • the vibration transmission plate 1324 may be connected to the lower side of the connection unit 1322 at the second end E2.
  • the vibration transfer plate 1324 and the skin contact area on the transfer assembly 1320 may be a distance from the speaker assembly 1310 .
  • the vibration transfer plate 1324 can be configured to be in contact with the user (as shown in FIG. 13, the dashed line 1340 can be roughly regarded as the user's skin) to transmit vibration signals to the user.
  • vibration transfer plate 1324 may be a block, such as a wedge block, which may allow or cause speaker assembly 1310 to hang over the user's skin so that the upper or lower surface of connection unit 1322 communicates with the user's skin. An angle is formed between the surfaces (eg, ⁇ in Figure 13a).
  • the angle between the upper or lower surface of the connection unit 1322 and the user's skin surface may be 0° to 90°, or 0° to 70°, or 5° to 50°, or 10° to 50°, or within the range of 10° to 30°, etc.
  • the angle between the upper or lower surface of the connection unit 1322 and the user's skin surface may also be referred to as the angle between the transfer assembly 1320 and the user's skin 1340 (or the plane on which the user's skin lies) .
  • the elastic element 1326 and the vibration transmission plate 1324 may be located at the same end of the connection unit 1322 , that is, the elastic element 1326 may also be connected to the second end E2 of the connection unit 1322 .
  • the vibration transfer plate 1324 may be provided with a convex structure 1328 (shown in Figure 13). Both ends of the elastic member 1326 may be connected to the male structure 1328 and the second end E2 of the connection unit 1322, respectively.
  • the elastic element 1326 may be a sheet-like structure or a rod-like structure with certain elasticity.
  • the first end of the support assembly 1330 may be connected to the elastic element 1326 at any point (eg, a center point) of the elastic element 1326 .
  • the first end of the support assembly 1330 may be connected to the elastic element 1326 directly or through the connecting element 1332 .
  • the first end of the support assembly 1330 may be connected to the center of the elastic element 1326 directly or through the connecting element 1332.
  • state 13a represents the initial state of the acoustic output device 1300 during vibration signal transmission
  • state 13b represents an intermediate state of the acoustic output device 1300 during vibration signal transmission.
  • the arrow A represents the vibration direction of the speaker assembly 1310, and the length of the arrow A represents the vibration intensity.
  • the acoustic output device 1300 When the acoustic output device 1300 is in the initial state (state 13a), when the angle between the transmission component 1320 and the user's skin 1340 is ⁇ , the contact area between the vibration transmission plate 1324 and the user's skin 1340 is the largest during the vibration signal transmission process.
  • the angle between the transfer assembly 1320 and the user's skin 1340 may be smaller than the angle between the transfer assembly 1320 and the user's skin 1340 in the initial state of the acoustic output device 1300.
  • the area of contact between the transfer assembly 1320 and the user's skin 1340 can change in response to the vibration signal.
  • the angle between the transfer assembly 1320 and the user's skin 1340 may gradually decrease (ie, ⁇ ' ⁇ in state 13b).
  • the contact area between the vibration transmission plate 1324 and the user's skin 1340 may be smaller than that between the vibration transmission plate 1324 and the user's skin 1340 in the initial state of the acoustic output device 1300 contact area. Therefore, in the process that the speaker assembly 1310 transmits the vibration signal to the user, the vibration feeling of the user can be reduced.
  • the vibration transfer plate 1324 is at a certain distance from the speaker assembly 1310, and the distance from the vibration transfer plate 1324 to the specific connection point 1350 is smaller than the distance from the speaker assembly 1310 to the specific connection point 1350, during the vibration signal transmission process, the vibration transfer plate The vibration intensity of 1324 may be less than the vibration intensity of speaker assembly 1310, thereby further reducing the user's vibration perception.
  • arrow B represents the vibration at a point on the skin contact area, and the length of arrow B represents the intensity of the vibration at that point.
  • the intensity of the vibration of the arrow A (ie the length of the arrow A) may be greater than the intensity of the vibration of the arrow B (ie the length of the arrow B). length).
  • the transmission assembly 1320 vibrations originating from the speaker assembly 1310 can be reduced, thereby protecting the user from uncomfortable vibration sensations in the low frequency range.
  • the frequency response of the speaker assembly 1310 can be designed more flexibly to suit different requirements.
  • the lowest formant of speaker assembly 1310 may be shifted to a lower frequency range to provide a richer low frequency signal to the user.
  • the lowest formant of the speaker assembly 1310 can be adjusted by changing the elastic modulus of the housing of the speaker assembly 1310 .
  • the elastic modulus of the housing of speaker assembly 1310 may be designed such that the lowest formant of speaker assembly 1310 may be less than 2500 Hz, or less than 2000 Hz, or less than 1500 Hz, or less than 1200 Hz, or less than 1000 Hz, or less than 800 Hz , or less than 500 Hz, or less than 300 Hz, or less than 200 Hz, or less than 100 Hz, or less than 90 Hz, or less than 50 Hz.
  • the speaker assembly 1310 may be directly connected to the vibration transmission plate 1324, that is, the connection unit 1322 may be omitted.
  • the elastic element 1326 may be directly connected to the speaker assembly 1310.
  • the acoustic output device 1300 may further include one or more additional components, such as auxiliary support components (not shown).
  • the skin-contacting area of the delivery assembly 1320 may be positioned in the area around the ear so that the surface of the speaker assembly 1310 may face the user's ear canal for better air-conducted acoustic wave propagation to the ear.
  • the acoustic output device 1400 may be similar to the acoustic output device 1300 shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the acoustic output device 1400 may include a speaker assembly 1410 , a transfer assembly 1420 and a support assembly 1430 .
  • Speaker assembly 1410 may be connected to support assembly 1430 through transfer assembly 1420 .
  • the speaker assembly 1410 may generate a vibration signal representing sound according to the electrical signal.
  • Speaker assembly 1410 may be similar or identical to speaker assembly 1310 shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the transfer assembly 1420 may include an elastic element.
  • the elastic element may include a connecting portion 1422 and an arc-shaped structure 1424 , wherein a first end of the connecting portion 1422 is connected with a first end E3 of the arc-shaped structure 1424 .
  • the elastic elements eg, connecting portion 1422 and/or arcuate structure 1424
  • the elastic elements may be made of various elastic materials, such as metallic materials (eg, aluminum, gold, copper, etc.), alloy materials (eg, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, etc.), plastic materials (eg, polyethylene, polypropylene, epoxy resin, nylon, etc.), fiber materials (eg, acetate fiber, propionate fiber, carbon fiber, etc.), and the like.
  • Speaker assembly 1410 may be physically connected to connection portion 1422 .
  • connection part 1422 is a sheet-like structure
  • the speaker assembly 1410 may be disposed on the upper surface of the connection part 1422 .
  • the connecting part 1422 is a rod-shaped structure
  • the speaker assembly 1410 may be disposed on the upper surface of the connecting part 1422, or the side wall of the speaker assembly 1410 may be connected to the second end of the connecting part 1422.
  • the raised portion of the arcuate structure 1424 can be used to contact the user's skin 1440 , so that the speaker assembly 1410 can transmit the vibration signal to the user through the transmission assembly 1420 .
  • the contact area between the arcuate structure 1424 and the user's skin 1440 may be smaller than the area of the skin contact area of the delivery assembly 1320 shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the contact area between the transfer assembly 1420 and the user's skin 1440 may be nearly constant in response to the vibration signal.
  • Speaker assembly 1410 may be suspended from the user's skin and may form an angle (eg, angle ⁇ in state 14a of FIG. 14 ) between connecting portion 1422 and the surface of user's skin 1440 .
  • the angle between the connecting portion 1422 and the surface of the user's skin 1440 may be 0° to 90°, or 0° to 70°, or 5° to 50°, or 10° to 50°, or 10° to 10°. ° to 30° range. In some embodiments, the angle between the connecting portion 1422 and the surface of the user's skin 1440 may also be referred to as the angle between the transfer component 1420 and the user's skin 1440 (or the plane on which the user's skin lies).
  • the raised portion of the arcuate structure 1424 that contacts the user's skin 1440 may also be referred to as the skin contact area 1450 of the delivery assembly 1420.
  • the skin contact area 1450 on the delivery assembly 1420 may be a distance from the speaker assembly 1410.
  • the second end E4 of the arc structure 1424 may be connected with one end of the support assembly 1430 .
  • the support assembly 1430 may be considered stationary relative to the user, and in this case the speaker assembly 1410 may actuate the transmission assembly 1420 (ie, the speaker assembly 1410) in response to the vibration signal.
  • the elastic element connecting portion 1422 and the arcuate structure 1424) vibrate or rotate around the skin contact area 1450.
  • the second end E4 of the arcuate structure 1424 may be connected to the support assembly 1430 by the connecting element 1432 .
  • state 14a represents the initial state of the acoustic output device 1400 during vibration signal transmission
  • state 14b represents an intermediate state of the acoustic output device 1400 during vibration signal transmission.
  • the arrow A represents the vibration direction of the speaker assembly 1410, and the length of the arrow A represents the vibration intensity.
  • the vibration signal generated by the speaker assembly 1410 is partially converted into the transmission assembly 1420 (eg, the connection part 1422 and/or The elastic deformation of the arc structure 1424) can reduce the user's vibration feeling compared to the user's vibration feeling when the speaker assembly 1410 directly contacts the user's skin 1440.
  • the vibration intensity of the skin contact area 1450 may be smaller than that of the speaker assembly 1410, thereby further reducing the user's vibration feeling.
  • arrow B represents the vibration at a point near the skin contact area 1450
  • the length of arrow B represents the intensity of the vibration at that point. Since the vertical distance from skin contact area 1450 to arrow B is less than the vertical distance from skin contact area 1450 to arrow A, the vibration intensity of arrow A (ie, the length of arrow A) may be greater than the vibration intensity of arrow B (ie, arrow B length).
  • the transmission assembly 1420 vibrations originating from the speaker assembly 1410 can be reduced, thereby protecting the user from uncomfortable vibration sensations in the low frequency range.
  • the frequency response of the speaker assembly 1410 can be designed more flexibly to suit different requirements.
  • the lowest formant of speaker assembly 1410 may be shifted to a lower frequency range to provide a richer low frequency signal to the user.
  • the lowest formant of the speaker assembly 1410 can be adjusted by changing the elastic modulus of the housing of the speaker assembly 1410 .
  • the elastic modulus of the housing of speaker assembly 1410 may be designed such that the lowest resonance peak of speaker assembly 1410 may be less than 2500 Hz, or less than 2000 Hz, or less than 1500 Hz, or less than 1200 Hz, or less than 1000 Hz, or less than 800 Hz , or less than 500 Hz, or less than 300 Hz, or less than 200 Hz, or less than 100 Hz, or less than 90 Hz, or less than 50 Hz.
  • the acoustic output device 1400 in the present application may also include a plurality of elastic elements, so the vibration signal may also be jointly delivered by the plurality of elastic elements.
  • the elastic element may include a plurality of arc structures, so the vibration signal may also be jointly transmitted by the multiple arc structures.
  • a plurality of arc structures can be arranged side by side.
  • the arcuate structure 1424 may be directly connected to the speaker assembly 1410, ie, the connection portion 1422 may be omitted.
  • the acoustic output device 1400 may further include one or more additional components, such as auxiliary support components (not shown).
  • the skin contact area 1450 of the delivery assembly 1420 can be positioned in the area around the ear so that the surface of the speaker assembly 1410 can face the user's ear canal for better propagation of air-conducted sound waves to the ear.
  • the acoustic output device 1500 may include a signal processing circuit 1510 and a speaker assembly 1520 .
  • the signal processing circuit 1510 can be electrically connected with the speaker assembly 1520 .
  • the signal processing circuit 1510 may receive and process audio signals (eg, electrical signals) received from an audio signal source to obtain a target audio signal.
  • the target audio signal may drive the speaker assembly 1520 to produce sound.
  • the signal processing circuit 1510 may receive audio signals from devices such as mobile phones, MP3 players, and microphones through wired and/or wireless connections.
  • the signal processing circuit 1510 may perform one or more signal processing operations on the received audio signal, eg, decoding, sampling, digitizing, compressing, frequency dividing, frequency modulating, EQ equalizing, gain adjusting, encoding, and the like.
  • the signal processing circuit 1510 may transmit the processed target audio signal to the speaker assembly 1520 .
  • the signal processing circuit may be integrated on a control circuit (eg, control circuit 140 in FIG. 1 ).
  • the speaker assembly 1520 may receive and convert target audio signals into sound (eg, air-conducted acoustic waves, bone-conducted acoustic waves).
  • speaker assembly 1520 may include a transducer, a diaphragm, and a housing.
  • the transducing device may be electrically connected to the signal processing circuit 1510 to receive the target audio signal.
  • the transducer device can convert the target audio signal into a mechanical vibration signal.
  • the diaphragm can vibrate under the drive of the transducer device to generate air-conducted sound waves.
  • the transducing device may be connected to the housing.
  • the housing may include a skin contact area. The skin-contacting area can vibrate and generate bone-conducted acoustic waves driven by the transducer. More descriptions of speaker assemblies can be found elsewhere in this specification (eg, FIG. 2A and its description).
  • the air-conducted sound wave output by the speaker assembly 1520 (or the acoustic output device 1500 ) is in its frequency response curve has a first resonance peak.
  • the output of the air-conducted sound generated in the cavity increases sharply, so that the air-conducted sound output by the speaker assembly 1520 (or the acoustic output device 1500 ) and the resulting leakage sound correspond to the first resonance peak
  • the resonance frequency band near the frequency of 1500 increases abruptly, thereby causing the sound quality of the acoustic output device 1500 to be unbalanced and sound leakage to increase.
  • the signal processing circuit 1510 can be used to weaken the signal amplitude of the corresponding frequency band, thereby reducing the output of the sound in the frequency band, and weakening the phenomenon of sudden sound increase, thereby improving the sound quality and sound leakage of the acoustic output device 1500 .
  • the signal processing circuit 1510 may include at least one equalizer 1512 (Equalizer, EQ) for realizing signal equalization.
  • the signal gain coefficient of the equalizer 1512 for the first frequency band of the audio signal may be greater than its signal gain coefficient for the second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is higher than the first frequency band.
  • the first frequency band may include at least 500 Hz.
  • the second frequency band may include at least 3.5 kHz or 4.5 kHz.
  • the first resonance peak may be shifted to high frequencies as much as possible. For example, the peak resonant frequency of the first resonant peak may be set within the second frequency band, or higher than the second frequency band.
  • the signal amplitude of the equalizer 1512 can be weakened, thereby reducing the signal output of the second frequency band, weakening the sudden increase of the air-conducted sound, thereby making the high frequency of the sound quality of the acoustic output device 1500 more balanced.
  • equalizer 1512 may include one or more filters.
  • the filters may include analog filters, digital filters, etc., or a combination thereof.
  • equalizer 1512 may include a wavelet filter, an average sliding filter, a median filter, an adaptive median filter, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the equalizer 1512 may include a digital bandpass filter in order to suppress the leakage spikes at the resonant frequency band.
  • the center frequency of the digital band-pass filter may be close to the peak frequency of the first resonance peak, for example, the frequency difference between the two may be within an octave.
  • the quality factor Q of the digital bandpass filter can be in the range of 0.5-6.
  • the digital bandpass filter gain can be controlled in the range of 0-12dB.
  • the signal processing circuit 1510 may further include a volume monitoring module.
  • the volume monitoring module may monitor the volume of the acoustic output device 1500 .
  • the equalizer 1512 may set different signal gain coefficients for the first frequency band according to the volume of the acoustic output device 1500 . More descriptions of the volume monitoring module can be found elsewhere in this specification (eg, Figure 16 and its description).
  • the larger the volume the smaller the signal gain coefficient of the first frequency band.
  • the equalizer when the volume is low, the equalizer can make the low frequency signal gain coefficient larger, so that the low frequency is sufficient and full, and the sound quality is better; when the volume is high, the equalizer can make the low frequency The signal gain coefficient is small, thereby avoiding the broken sound caused by the loudspeaker's excessive amplitude.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 1600 may be similar to the acoustic output device 1500 shown in FIG. 15 .
  • the acoustic output device 1600 may include a signal processing circuit 1610 and a speaker assembly 1620 .
  • the signal processing circuit 1610 may include an equalizer. More descriptions of equalizers can be found elsewhere in this specification (eg, Figure 15 and its description).
  • Signal processing circuit 1610 may include two or more equalizers (eg, equalizer 1612-1, equalizer 1612-2, equalizer 1612-3, equalizer 1612-4, etc.). Each equalizer can have different equalization parameters. In other words, each equalizer can equalize the same signal differently. For example, the signal gain factor of the equalizer 1612-1 for the 200Hz-500Hz frequency band in the audio signal may be greater than its signal gain factor for the 2kHz-3kHz frequency band. For another example, the signal gain factor of the equalizer 1612-2 for the 400Hz-1kHz frequency band in the audio signal may be greater than its signal gain factor for the 3kHz-4.5kHz frequency band.
  • the signal processing circuit 1610 may also include a volume monitoring module 1616 .
  • the volume monitoring module 1616 can combine the audio signal and the volume setting of the acoustic output device 1600 to determine the volume state of the acoustic output device 1600 .
  • each volume state of the acoustic output device 1600 may correspond to an equalizer.
  • the signal processing circuit 1610 may select a corresponding equalizer according to the volume state of the acoustic output device 1600 to perform equalization processing on the audio signal.
  • an equalizer with more low frequencies can be called (that is, the gain coefficient for low frequency signals is large), so that the low frequency is sufficient and full, and the sound quality is better.
  • an equalizer with a lower low frequency may be called to limit the amplitude of the speaker assembly 1620 from being too large to cause broken sound or poor vibration experience.
  • the default equalizer can be used as the equalizer corresponding to the audio signal to perform equalization processing and update the audio signal.
  • the volume monitoring module 1616 may determine the volume state of the acoustic output device 1600 again according to the updated audio signal until the volume state of the acoustic output device 1600 is a known volume state.
  • the signal processing circuit 1610 can select its corresponding equalizer to perform equalization processing according to the known volume state.
  • the acoustic output device 1600 may further include a waterproof backing plate for improving the waterproof and dustproof performance of the acoustic output device 1600 .
  • the speaker assembly 1620 may be disposed obliquely on the user's skin.
  • aspects of this application may be illustrated and described in terms of several patentable classes or situations, including any new and useful process, machine, product or combination of matter or combinations of them. Any new and useful improvements. Accordingly, various aspects of the present application may be performed entirely by hardware, entirely by software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or by a combination of hardware and software.
  • the above hardware or software may be referred to as a "data block”, “module”, “engine”, “unit”, “component” or “system”.
  • aspects of the present application may be embodied as a computer product comprising computer readable program code embodied in one or more computer readable media.

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  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种声学输出装置。所述声学输出装置可以包括扬声器组件。所述扬声器组件可以包括换能装置、振膜和壳体。所述振膜在所述换能装置的带动下振动可以产生气导声波。所述壳体可以形成用于容纳所述换能装置和所述振膜的容置腔。所述振膜可以分隔所述容置腔以形成第一腔室和第二腔室。所述壳体上设置有与所述第二腔室连通的出声孔。所述气导声波经所述出声孔向所述声学输出装置外部传输。所述壳体上设置有与所述出声孔连通的导声通道，以用于向所述声学输出装置外部的目标方向引导所述气导声波。所述导声通道的长度可以小于或等于7mm。

Description

声学输出装置
交叉引用
本申请要求2021年4月9日提交的申请号为202110383452.2的中国申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种声学输出装置。
背景技术
随着电子设备的不断发展，声学输出装置(例如，耳机)已经成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的社交、娱乐工具，人们对于声学输出装置的要求也越来越高。但是，现有的声学输出装置仍然存在许多问题，例如，结构复杂、音质不佳、漏音严重等。因此，期望提供一种结构简单且具有较高的声学性能的声学输出装置，以满足用户的需求。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种声学输出装置。所述声学输出装置可以包括扬声器组件。该扬声器组件可以包括换能装置、振膜和壳体。振膜在换能装置的带动下振动可以产生气导声波。壳体可以形成用于容纳所述换能装置和所述振膜的容置腔。振膜可以分隔所述容置腔以形成第一腔室和第二腔室。壳体上可以设置有与第二腔室连通的出声孔。气导声波可以经出声孔向声学输出装置外部传输。壳体上可以设置有与出声孔连通的导声通道，以用于向该声学输出装置外部的目标方向引导气导声波。导声通道的长度可以小于或等于7mm。
在一些实施例中，所述导声通道的长度可以在2mm-5mm范围之内。
在一些实施例中，所述导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于4.8mm 2。
在一些实施例中，所述导声通道的横截面积可以沿所述气导声波的传输方向逐渐增大。
在一些实施例中，所述导声通道的入口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于10mm 2。
在一些实施例中，所述导声通道的出口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于15mm 2。
在一些实施例中，所述导声通道的体积与所述第二腔室的体积的比值可以在0.05-0.9范围之内。
在一些实施例中，所述第二腔室的体积可以小于或者等于400mm 3。
在一些实施例中，所述导声通道的通道壁可以包括曲面结构。
在一些实施例中，所述导声通道的出口端盖设有声阻网，所述声阻网的孔隙率可以大于或者等于13％。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体可以包括皮肤接触区域，所述皮肤接触区域可以在所述换能装置的带动下振动并产生骨导声波。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜与所述换能装置或所述壳体中的至少一个物理连接。所述振膜相对于所述换能装置或所述壳体中的至少一个相对运动以产生所述气导声波。
在一些实施例中，所述换能装置可以包括磁路组件、线圈和线圈支架。磁路组件可以用于提供磁场。线圈可以用于响应于接收到的音频信号在所述磁场的作用下产生振动。线圈支架可以用于支撑所述线圈。所述线圈支架的至少一部分沿所述壳体振动方向的垂直方向从所述壳体的侧向外露。所述声学输出装置还可以包括导声部件。所述导声部件可以包括所述导声通道和凹陷区，当所述导声部件与所述壳体物理连接时，所述线圈支架位于所述凹陷区内。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体和所述导声部件中的一者上可以设置有接插孔。所述壳体和所述导声部件中的另一者上可以设置有接插柱。所述接插柱可以插置固定在所述接插孔内。
在一些实施例中，经所述出声孔输出的所述气导声波可以具有第一谐振峰。所述声学输出装置还可以包括亥姆霍兹共振腔。所述亥姆霍兹共振腔可以包括共振腔体和至少一个共振腔口，以用于削弱所述气导声波的所述第一谐振峰。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个共振腔口可以设置于所述第二腔室的侧壁上。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个共振腔口处于打开状态时的所述第一谐振峰的峰值谐振强度与所述至少一个共振腔口处于关闭状态时的所述第一谐振峰的峰值谐振强度之间的差值可以大于或者等于3dB。
在一些实施例中，所述亥姆霍兹共振腔可以同时连通所述第一腔室和所述第二腔室。连通所述第一腔室的共振腔口的面积可以大于或者等于连通所述第二腔室的共振腔口的面积。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个共振腔口处可以设有声阻网，所述声阻网的孔隙率可以大于或者等于3％。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体可以包括第一壳体和第二壳体。所述第一壳体可以构成所述第一腔室的至少一部分，且具有第一谐振频率。所述第二壳体可以构成所述第二腔室的至少一部分，且具有第二谐振频率。所述第一谐振频率小于所述第二谐振频率。
在一些实施例中，所述第二谐振频率可以小于或等于2kHz。
在一些实施例中，所述第二谐振频率可以小于或等于1kHz。
在一些实施例中，当所述第一壳体的振动频率介于20Hz至150Hz之间时，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间的相位差可以介于-π/3至+π/3之间。在一些实施例中，当所述第一壳体的振动频率介于2kHz至4kHz之间时，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间的相位差介于2π/3至4π/3之间。
在一些实施例中，在所述声学输出装置处于佩戴的状态下，所述皮肤接触区域的第一区域与用户的皮肤接触以在所述换能装置的带动下振动并产生所述骨导声波，所述皮肤接触区域的第二区域相对于所述用户的皮肤不接触。
在一些实施例中，所述第二区域与所述用户的皮肤之间的夹角可以在0°-45°范围之间。
在一些实施例中，所述第二区域与所述用户的皮肤之间的夹角可以在10°-30°范围之间。
在一些实施例中，所述的声学输出装置还可以包括支撑组件。所述支撑组件的一端可以与所述壳体连接，用于支撑所述扬声器组件，其中，所述第二区域相较于所述第一区域远离所述支撑组件。
在一些实施例中，所述的声学输出装置还可以包括信号处理电路。所述信号处理电路可以用于将音频信号转换成所述换能装置的驱动信号。所述信号处理电路对所述音频信号的第一频段的信号增益系数可以大于其对第二频段的信号增益系数，所述第二频段高于所述第一频段。
在一些实施例中，所述第一频段至少包括500Hz，所述第二频段至少包括3.5kHz或者4.5kHz。
在一些实施例中，经所述出声孔输出的所述气导声波具有第一谐振峰，所述第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率位于所述第二频段内，或者高于所述第二频段。
附加的特征将在下面的描述中部分地阐述，并且对于本领域技术人员来说，通过查阅以下内容和附图将变得显而易见，或者可以通过实例的产生或操作来了解。本发明的特征可以通过实践或使用以下详细实例中阐述的方法、工具和组合的各个方面来实现和获得。
附图说明
根据示例性实施例可以进一步描述本申请。参考附图可以详细描述所述示例性实施例。所述实施例并非限制性的示例性实施例，其中相同的附图标记代表附图的几个视图中相似的结构，并且其中：
图1A是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图；
图1B是图1A中的声学输出装置的爆炸图；
图2A至图2E是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图；
图3是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声阻网的示意图；
图4是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图；
图5是图4中的声学输出装置的爆炸图；
图6A是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的框图；
图6B至图6E是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图；
图7是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的气导声波频响曲线图；
图8是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的气导声波的频响曲线图；
图9是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图；
图10是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的气导声波的频响曲线；
图11是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图；
图12是根据本申请的一些实施例的示例性声学输出装置的框图；
图13是根据本申请的一些实施例的与示例性声学输出装置向用户传递振动信号的过程相关的状态示意图；
图14是根据本申请的一些实施例的与示例性声学输出装置向用户传递振动信号的过程相关的状态示意图；
图15是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图；以及
图16是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请的实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本申请应用于其他类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
如本申请和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其他的步骤或元素。
应当理解，本文使用的术语“数据块”、“系统”、“引擎”、“单元”、“组件”、“模块”和/或“块”是用以区分不同级别的不同组件、元件、部件、部分或组件的一种方法。然而，如果其他词语可以实现相同的目的，则可通过其他表达来替换所述词语。
使用各种术语描述元素之间(例如，层之间)的空间和功能关系，包括“连接”、“接合”、“接口”和“耦合”。除非明确描述为“直接”，否则在本申请中描述第一和第二元素之间的关系时，该关系包括在第一和第二元素之间不存在其他中间元素的直接关系，以及在第一和第二元素之间存在(空间或功能上)一个或以上中间元素的间接关系。相反，当元件被称为“直接”连接、接合、接口或耦合到另一元件时，不存在中间元件。另外，可以以各种方式实现元件之间的空间和功能关系。例如，两个元件之间的机械连接可包括焊接连接、键连接、销连接、过盈配合连接等，或其任何组合。用于描述元素之间关系的其他词语应以类似的方式解释(例如，“之间”、“与......之间”、“相邻”与“直接相邻”等)。
本申请的实施例中提供了一种声学输出装置。该声学输出装置可以包括扬声器组件。扬声器组件可以包括换能装置、振膜和壳体。换能装置可以将音频信号转换为机械振动信号。振膜可以在换能装置的带动下振动以产生气导声波。
壳体可以形成用于容纳换能装置和振膜的容置腔。振膜可以分隔容置腔以形成第一腔室和第二腔室。壳体上可以设置有与第二腔室连通的出声孔。气导声波可以经出声孔向声学输出装置外部传输。在一些实施例中，换能装置产生的振动传递到壳体后，会引起壳体产生较为明显的振动。壳体的振动经由壳体上与用户接触的区域会进一步传递给用户，从而形成用户可以感知的骨导声。同时，振膜产生的气导声波可以经出声孔向外传输给用户，使得 用户能听到气导声。此时，该声学输出装置可以同时产生传递给用户的骨导声和气导声，为方便起见，可以叫做气导骨导结合的声学输出装置。在一些可替代的实施例中，换能装置仅能引起壳体产生微弱的且几乎无法被用户感知的振动。此时，该声学输出装置可以被认为仅产生传递给用户的气导声，为方便起见，可以叫做气导声学输出装置。在本申请的实施例中，除非特别说明，与产生的气导声有关的结构(例如，出声孔、调声孔、泄压孔、声阻网等)既可以适用于上述声学输出装置能够同时产生骨导声和气导声的情况，也可以在本领域技术人员不经过创造性劳动的情况下，认为同样适用于上述声学输出装置仅产生气导声的情况。
在一些实施例中，壳体上还设置有与出声孔连通的导声通道，以用于向声学输出装置外部的目标方向引导气导声波。导声通道的长度小于或等于7mm。在一些实施例中，通过设置合适长度的导声通道可以将更多的气导声波向人耳引导，使用户的听音音量增大。此外，通过设置导声通道的参数(例如，导声通道的横截面积、导声通道的形状等)，还可以调节气导声波的频响，从而调节声学输出装置的音质。在一些实施例中，导声通道可以设置在导声部件上。导声部件还可以具有凹陷区。壳体朝向导声通道的一侧可以部分切除，致使其内部结构形成一凸台。当导声部件与壳体扣合时，凸台可以嵌设在凹陷区，这样既可以避免声学输出装置局部过厚，又不妨碍导声部件与壳体之间的固定，从而简化声学输出装置的结构。
由于第二腔室与出声孔和/或导声通道的相互作用，声学输出装置产生的气导声波在较高频段可能会具有第一谐振峰，从而导致声学输出装置输出的气导声音和由此产生的漏音在第一谐振峰的峰值频率附近的频段有突增，使得听音音质不均衡同时漏音增大。在一些实施例中，可以在声学输出装置中设置与第二腔室连通的亥姆霍兹共振腔，以吸收第一谐振峰附近频段的声音，从而起到提高音质的同时降低漏音的效果。在一些实施例中，壳体可以包括构成第一腔室的第一壳体和构成第二腔体的第二壳体。通过将第一壳体的第一谐振频率设置得比第二壳体的第二谐振频率大，可以使得声学输出装置在小于第二谐振频率的频段产生较强的气导声波，而在高于第二谐振频率的频段几乎不产生气导声波。因此，通过调节第二壳体的第二谐振频率，可以利用气导声波对骨导声波的特定频段进行补充。
在一些实施例中，当壳体上的皮肤接触区域在换能装置的带动下振动以产生骨导声波时，可以通过将皮肤接触区进行倾斜设置，以减小皮肤接触区域与用户皮肤的贴合程度， 削弱皮肤对扬声器组件振动的影响，从而使得壳体可以振动产生较大的气导声波的同时不影响骨导声波的传递效率。在一些实施例中，可以将皮肤接触区域设置在传递组件上，并通过传递组件将扬声器组件产生的骨导声波传递到用户，以改变皮肤接触区域的振动程度和其与用户皮肤之间的贴合程度。
在一些实施例中，可以通过信号处理电路预先对音频信号进行均衡处理，来削弱第一谐振峰的峰值频率附近的气导声强度。例如，对音频信号的第一频段的信号增益系数大于第二频段的信号增益系数，其中，第二频段高于第一频段。第一谐振峰的峰值频率位于或高于第二频段。
图1A是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图。图1B是图1A中的声学输出装置的爆炸图。声学输出装置100可以将音频信号(例如，电信号)转化为机械振动信号，并以声音的形式向外界输出。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以包括助听器、耳机、听音手环、智能眼镜、手机、音箱、智能眼镜等具有声音输出能力的设备。在本申请的实施例中，声学输出装置100将以耳机为例进行示例性说明。如图1A和1B所示，声学输出装置100可以包括两个扬声器组件110、两个耳挂组件120、后挂组件130、控制电路组件140和电池组件150。后挂组件130的两端可以分别与对应的一个耳挂组件120的一端物理连接。两个耳挂组件120的另一端可以分别与两个扬声器组件110物理连接。当用户佩戴声学输出装置100时，两个扬声器组件110可以分别位于用户头部的左侧和右侧。在一些实施例中，物理连接可以包括注塑连接、焊接、铆接、螺栓、粘接、卡接等或其任意组合。
如图1B所示，扬声器组件110可以包括机芯壳体112和机芯模组114。机芯壳体112可以用于容置机芯模组114的至少一部分。机芯模组114可以用于将音频信号(例如，电信号)转化为机械振动信号，从而产生声音。在一些实施例中，机芯模组114可以包括换能装置、振膜等。换能装置可以用于响应于接收到的音频信号而产生机械振动信号。振膜可以在换能装置的带动下振动以产生通过空气传导的声波(也可以称为气导声波或气导声音)。例如，振膜可以与换能装置和/或机芯壳体112物理连接。振膜可以相对于机芯壳体112和/或换能装置相对运动，从而使机芯壳体112中的空气的振动。空气的振动可以作用于用户的耳朵(例如，鼓膜)从而传递至听觉神经而被用户听到。
在一些实施例中，机芯壳体112可以包括皮肤接触区域116。皮肤接触区域116可以与用户的皮肤接触。当声学输出装置100为气导骨导结合的声学输出装置时，换能装置产生的振动信号可以通过皮肤接触区域116直接作用于用户的骨骼和/或组织，从而通过骨骼和/或组织传递给用户的听觉神经而被用户听到。在本申请的实施例中，通过骨骼和/或组织传递机械振动信号从而被用户听到的声音可以被称为骨导声波或骨导声音。皮肤接触区域116也可以被称为机芯壳体112的前壳体或第一壳体。机芯壳体112上与前壳体116相对的表面115也可以被称为机芯壳体112的后壳体或第二壳体。在一些实施例中，皮肤接触区域116的材料和厚度可能会影响到骨导声波向用户的传输，从而影响声音质量。例如，如果皮肤接触区域116的材料相对柔软，则低频范围内的骨导声波的传输可以比高频范围内的骨导声波的传输更好。相反，如果皮肤接触区域116的材料相对硬，则在高频范围内的骨导声波的传输可以比在低频范围内的骨导声波的传输更好。更多关于扬声器组件的描述可以参见本申请的其他地方(例如，图2A、图4、图6A、图9及其描述)。
需要注意的是，在本申请的实施例中，气导声波和骨导声波可以表示输入到换能装置中的音频信号所包含的语音内容。语音内容可以由气导声波和骨导声波中的频率成分表示。在一些实施例中，气导声波和骨导声波中的频率成分可以不同。例如，骨导声波可以包括更多的低频成分，而气导声波可以包括更多的高频成分。在本申请的实施例中，低频段对应的频率范围可以包括20Hz-150Hz，中频段对应的频率范围可以包括150Hz-5kHz，高频段对应的频率范围可以包括5kHz-20kHz。中低频段对应的频率范围可以包括150Hz-500Hz，中高频段对应的频率范围可以包括500Hz-5kHz。
耳挂组件120可以包括耳挂122和容置仓124。容置仓124可以用于容置声学输出装置100的一个或以上部件。例如，控制电路组件140和/或电池组件150可以设置于容置仓124内。又例如，声学输出装置100还可以包括拾音组件、通信组件(例如，蓝牙组件、近场通信(NFC)组件)等。拾音组件、通信组件等可以设置在容置仓124内。其中，拾音组件可以用于拾取外界的声音，并将其转化为音频信号，通信组件可以用于将声学输出装置100无线连接至其他设备(例如，手机、电脑等)。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100的一个或以上部件可以设置在同一耳挂组件120的容置仓内。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100的一个或以上部件可以分别设置在两个耳挂组件120的容置仓内。例如，控制电路组件140和电池组件150可以设置在同一耳挂组件120的容置仓124内或分别设置在两个耳挂组 件120的容置仓124内。在一些实施例中，控制电路组件140和/或电池组件150可以通过相应的导线与两个机芯模组114电性连接，其中，控制电路组件140可以用于控制机芯模组114将电信号转化成机械振动信号，电池组件150可以用于给声学输出装置100供电。例如，可以在耳挂122中提供引线以建立机芯模组114与其他部件(例如，控制电路组件140、电池组件150等)之间的电性连接，以促进机芯模组114的电源和数据传输。
在一些实施例中，耳挂122可以设置成弯曲状，以用于挂设在用户的耳部与头部之间，进而便于实现声学输出装置100的佩戴需求。具体地，耳挂122可以包括弹性支持件(例如，弹性金属丝)。弹性支持件可以被构造为将耳挂122保持为与用户的耳朵(例如，耳廓)相匹配的形状，并具有一定的弹性，从而可以根据耳朵的形状和头部的形状发生一定的弹性变形。当用户佩戴声学输出装置100时，声学输出装置100可以适应于具有不同耳朵形状和/或头部形状的用户。在一些实施例中，弹性支持件可以由具有良好的变形恢复能力的记忆合金制成。即使耳挂122由于外力而变形，当去除外力时，耳挂122也可以恢复到其原始形状，从而延长了声学输出装置100的寿命。在一些实施例中，耳挂122还可包括保护套126和与保护套126一体形成的壳体保护器128。
在一些实施例中，后挂组件130可以设置成弯曲状，以用于绕设在用户的头部后侧。两个扬声器组件110可以在两个耳挂组件120和后挂组件130的配合作用下与用户的皮肤紧密贴合，从而使声学输出装置100佩戴更稳固。在一些实施例中，后挂组件130也可以包括容置仓。声学输出装置100的一个或以上部件(例如，控制电路组件140和/或电池组件150)可以设置于该容置仓内。
应当注意以上对声学输出装置100的描述旨在说明，而不是限制本申请的范围。许多替代、修改和变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。本文描述的示例性实施例的特征、结构、方法和其他特征可以以各种方式组合以获得附加和/或替代示例性实施例。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以具有其他佩戴方式。例如，耳挂组件120可以设置成包覆用户的耳朵，后挂组件130可以跨过用户的头顶。再例如，两个扬声器组件110可以通过有线或者无线的方式进行通信。当该两个扬声器组件110通过无线的方式进行通信时，该两个扬声器组件110之间可以具有或者不具有物理连接结构。例如，每个扬声器组件110都可以配有单独的耳挂结构，每个的耳挂结构可以独立地将其对应的扬声器组件110 固定在用户的左耳或右耳附近，或者两个耳挂结构之间可以进一步通过连接杆固定连接在一起。
图2A至图2E是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图。如图2A所示，声学输出装置200A可以包括换能装置210、振膜220和壳体230。壳体230可以形成用于容纳换能装置210和振膜220的容置腔。换能装置210可以用于将接收到的音频信号(例如，电信号)转化为机械振动信号。例如，声学输出装置200A还可以包括信号处理电路(未示出)。换能装置210可以与信号处理电路电连接以接收音频信号，并基于该音频信号生成机械振动信号。关于信号处理电路的更多描述可以参见本说明书中的其他地方(例如，图15和图16及其描述)。振膜220可以在换能装置210的带动下振动并产生气导声波。气导声波可以通过壳体230上的一个或多个出声孔234传递给用户。在一些实施例中，换能装置210和振膜220也可以称为机芯模组。壳体230也可以称为机芯壳体。换能装置210、振膜220和壳体230也可以称为扬声器组件。
在一些实施例中，换能装置210可以与壳体230物理连接。壳体230可以包括皮肤接触区域231(也可以称为第一壳体)。当用户佩戴声学输出装置200A时，皮肤接触区域231的至少部分可以与用户的皮肤接触，并在换能装置210的带动下振动并产生骨导声波。在一些实施例中，当用户佩戴声学输出装置200A时，皮肤接触区域231的第一区域可以与用户的皮肤接触，皮肤接触区域231的第二区域可以不与用户的皮肤接触。换句话说，当用户佩戴声学输出装置200A时，皮肤接触区域231可以是例如，倾斜设置的。关于声学输出装置的皮肤接触区域的更多描述可以参见本说明书中的其他地方(例如，图11及其描述)。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置200A还可以包括传递组件(未示出)。传递组件可以与壳体230物理连接。传递组件上可以设置有皮肤接触区域。换能装置210产生的机械振动信号可以通过传递组件上的皮肤接触区域传递给用户以产生骨导声波。关于传递组件的更多描述可以参见本说明书中的其他地方(例如，图12至图14及其描述)。
在一些实施例中，换能装置210可以是或包括将音频信号(例如，电信号)转换成机械振动信号的任何元件(例如，振动马达、电磁振动装置等)。示例性的信号转换方式可以包括但不限于电磁类型(例如，动圈型、动铁型、磁致伸缩型)、压电型、静电型等。换能装置210的内部结构可以是单共振系统或复合共振系统。在一些实施例中，换能装置210可以包括磁路组件211和线圈213。磁路组件211可以包括一个或多个磁性元件和/或磁导元 件，其可以用于提供磁场。对于气导声学输出装置，换能装置210中的线圈213可以直接固定在振膜220上。换能装置210的振动可以直接带动振膜220的振动以产生气导声。对于气导骨导结合的声学输出装置，线圈213可以与壳体230物理连接。线圈213可以响应于接收到的音频信号在磁场的作用下产生振动，并驱动壳体230(例如，第一壳体231)振动以产生骨导声波。第一壳体231可以接触用户的皮肤(例如，用户的头部上的皮肤)，并且将骨导声波传递到耳蜗。具体地，磁路组件211可以包括磁间隙。磁路组件211可以在磁间隙中产生磁场。线圈213可以位于磁间隙中。当在线圈213中通入电流(即，音频信号)时，线圈213可在磁场中振动，并驱动第一壳体231振动。当用户佩戴声学输出装置200A时，线圈213的振动可以通过第一壳体231传递到用户的骨骼和/或组织，并通过骨骼和/或组织传递至用户的耳蜗，从而使用户听到声音(即，骨导声波)。在一些实施例中，换能装置210还可以包括弹簧片(未示出)。弹簧片的中心区域可以与磁路组件211连接。弹簧片的周边区域可以与壳体230连接，以将磁路组件211悬挂在壳体230内。
在一些实施例中，振膜220可以隔开壳体230形成的容置腔以形成第一腔室222和第二腔室224。例如，振膜220可以连接在换能装置210与壳体230之间，以与换能装置210(例如，磁导组件211)配合将容置腔分隔为第一腔室222和第二腔室224。又例如，振膜220可以沿着磁路组件211的后表面围设一圈并与壳体230连接，以将容置腔分隔成第一腔室222和第二腔室224。需要注意的是，在本说明书中，部件的“前”面部分或“后”面部分是指当用户佩戴声学输出装置200A时，该部分相对于用户皮肤远近而言。例如，当用户佩戴声学输出装置200A时，第一腔室222可以相较于第二腔室224靠近用户的皮肤。第一腔室222也可以称为前腔，第二腔室224也可以称为后腔。
振膜220可以基于换能装置210和/或壳体230的振动在第一腔室222和/或第二腔室224中产生气导声波。具体地，振膜220可以与换能装置210(例如，磁路组件211)和/或壳体230物理连接，例如，振膜220整体位于换能装置210的下侧(即后侧)并包裹在换能装置210底壁和侧壁的部分区域。当换能装置210振动时，换能装置210的振动可驱动壳体230和/或振膜220振动。振膜220的振动可以引起第一腔室222和/或第二腔室224的空气振动。第一腔室222和/或第二腔室224的空气振动可以通过设置在壳体230上的出声孔234向声学输出装置200A外部传播(即，产生气导声波)。在一些实施例中，出声孔234可以设置成使第一腔室222与外部连通。在这种情况下，换能装置210与出声孔234可 以位于振膜220的同侧。皮肤接触区域231可以不与用户的皮肤接触。也就是说，声学输出装置200A可以只输出气导声波。在一些实施例中，出声孔234可以设置成使第二腔室224与外部连通。在这种情况下，换能装置210与出声孔234可以位于振膜220的两侧。需要知道的是，由于换能装置210产生的骨导声波的相位与第二腔室224中产生的气导声波的相位相同，为了使声学输出装置200A具有更高的音量，在本说明书中，将以出声孔234设置成与第二腔室224连通作为示例，其并不限制本申请的范围。在一些实施例中，当用户佩戴声学输出设备200A时，出声孔234可以面对用户的耳朵的外耳道。
在一些实施例中，壳体230可以包括第一壳体231和第二壳体233。第一壳体231和第二壳体233扣合连接可以构成壳体230。第一壳体231可以构成第一腔室222侧壁的至少一部分，第二壳体233可以构成第二腔室224侧壁的至少一部分，其中，第一壳体231与第二壳体233可以具有不同的谐振频率。关于第一壳体和第二壳体的谐振频率的更多描述可以参见本申请中的其他地方(例如，图9及其描述)。
在一些实施例中，壳体230(例如，第二壳体233)在振动的过程中可以带动其周围的空气振动，从而在声学输出装置200A的周围产生一路气导声波。由于第二壳体233因振动产生的气导声波与出声孔234输出的气导声波的相位相反，因此，出声孔234的位置离第二壳体233越近，两路气导声波反相相消的程度越大，这样会减少进入用户耳朵的气导声(即第二腔室中产生的并且传递到用户耳朵的气导声)的音量。在一些实施例中，为了提升听音音量和音质，声学输出装置200A可以进一步包括与出声孔234连通的导声通道(例如，图2A所示的导声通道240a)。穿过出声孔234的气导声波可进入导声通道，并通过导声通道从导声通道的出口端沿特定方向传播。这样，导声通道可以改变气导声波传播的方向，从而向声学输出装置200A外部的目标方向(例如，耳朵)引导气导声波。此外，利用导声通道可以缩短声学输出装置200A的声音出口端(即，导声通道出口端)和用户耳朵之间的距离，同时可以拉大声学输出装置200A的声音出口端与第二壳体233之间的距离。换句话说，导声通道可以使得在第二腔室224(或后腔)中产生的气导声波通过离耳朵更近的出声孔输出，让更多的声音进入耳朵。
在一些实施例中，导声通道的出口端可以设置成指向各个方向。例如，如图2A所示，声学输出装置200A的导声通道240a的出口端可以设置成指向用户的脸部。又例如，如图2B所示，声学输出装置200B的导声通道240b的出口端可以设置成指向用户的耳廓。 再例如，如图2C所示，声学输出装置200C的导声通道240c的出口端可以采用斜出口的方式，以此设置成指向用户的耳道。通过设置导声通道的出口朝向，可以优化气导声波的指向性和/或强度。在一些实施例中，导声通道可以包括各种形状。例如，导声通道可以包括弯折式导声通道。又例如，导声通道可以包括直通式导声通道。在一些实施例中，弯折式导声通道的结构无法从其入口端和出口端中的任意一端观察到另一端的全部，例如，如图2A、图2B或图2C中分别所示的导声通道240a、导声通道240b和导声通道240c。直通式导声通道的结构可以从其入口端和出口端中的任意一端观察到另一端的全部，如图2D和图2E所示的声学输出装置200D的导声通道240d和声学输出装置200E的导声通道240e。需要知道的是，斜出口方式的出口端可以使得导声通道的出口端的实际面积不受导声通道的横截面积限制，相当于增大导声通道的横截面积，进而有利于气导声的输出。在一些实施例中，导声通道的通道壁可以包括曲面结构，以有利于实现导声通道与大气之间的声阻抗匹配，进而有利于气导声音的输出，例如，如图2E中导声通道240e的侧壁所示。
在一些实施例中，具有第二腔室224、导声通道和出声孔234的声学结构可以等效为亥姆霍兹共振腔结构，因此声学输出装置200A输出的气导声波在某一频段内会产生第一谐振峰(即，亥姆霍兹共振腔结构的谐振峰)。针对亥姆霍兹共振腔结构，其谐振频率可以通过公式(1)确定：
Figure PCTCN2021095996-appb-000001
其中，f 0表示亥姆霍兹共振腔结构的谐振频率，S表示导声通道出口端的横截面积，V表示第二腔室224的体积，l表示导声通道的长度，r表示导声通道的等效半径。因此，可以通过调节第二腔室224的体积、导声通道出口端的横截面积、导声通道长度等参数来调节亥姆霍兹共振腔结构的声音谐振频率(即，声学输出装置200A输出的气导声波的谐振频率)，从而影响声学输出装置的音质。例如，导声通道的横截面积变小，可以使得高频谐振峰频率下降。导声通道长度变短，可以使得高频谐振峰频率上升。在一些实施例中，为了使得声学输出装置200A具有较好的语音输出效果，例如，其频响曲线在较宽的频段上都比较平坦，可以使的第一谐振峰尽量处于更高频位置。在一些实施例中，第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率可以大于或者等于1kHz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率可以大于或者等于1.5kHz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率可以大于或者等于2kHz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率可以大于或者等于2.5kHz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振 峰的峰值谐振频率可以大于或者等于3kHz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率可以大于或者等于3.5kHz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率可以大于或者等于4kHz。在一些实施例中，第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率可以大于或者等于4.5kHz。
在一些实施例中，导声通道可以具有均匀的横截面积。为了保证出声口出声音量，导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于4mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于4.8mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于6mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于8mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于10mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于12mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于15mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于20mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的横截面积可以大于或等于25mm 2。
在一些实施例中，出声孔234的横截面积可以沿气导声波的传输方向逐渐减小。导声通道的横截面积可以沿气导声波的传输方向逐渐增大，使得导声通道呈喇叭状(如图2D中的导声通道240d所示)。在一些实施例中，导声通道的入口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于10mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的入口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于12mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的入口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于15mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的入口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于20mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的入口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于30mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的入口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于50mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的出口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于15mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的出口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于20mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的出口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于25mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的出口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于30mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的出口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于35mm 2。在一些实施例中，导声通道的出口端的横截面积可以大于或者等于40mm 2。
在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以小于或等于7mm。在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以小于或等于6mm。在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以小于或等于5mm。在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以小于或等于4mm。在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以小于或等于3mm。在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以小于或等于2mm。在一些 实施例中，导声通道的长度可以小于或等于1mm。在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以在1mm-5mm范围之内。在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以在1.5mm-4mm范围之内。在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以在2mm-3.5mm范围之内。在一些实施例中，导声通道的长度可以为2.5mm。在一些实施例中，对于直通式导声通道而言，导声通道的长度可以指其入口端与出口端的几何中心之间的距离。例如，如图2D所示，导声通道240d的入口端的几何中心为点m，导声通道240d的出口端的几何中心为点n，则导声通道240d的长度可以表示为点m与点n之间的距离。在一些实施例中，对于弯折式导声通道而言，可以将弯折式导声通道划分成两个或者两个以上直通式子导声通道，并将直通式子导声通道的长度之和作为弯折式导声通道的长度。例如，如图2A所示，直通式子导声通道240a可以被划分为第一直通式子导声通道242a和第二直通式导声通道244a。第一直通式子导声通道242a(或导声通道240a)的入口端的几何中心为点a，第一直通式子导声通道242a的出口端(或第二直通式导声通道244a的入口端)的几何中心为点b。第二直通式导声通道244a(或导声通道240a)的出口端的几何中心为点c，则导声通道240a的长度可以表示为点a与点b之间的距离和点b与点c之间的距离之和。再例如，如图2B所示，直通式子导声通道240b可以被划分为第一直通式子导声通道242b、第二直通式导声通道244b和第三直通式导声通道246b。第一直通式子导声通道242b(或导声通道240b)的入口端的几何中心为点w，第一直通式子导声通道242b的出口端(或第二直通式导声通道244b的入口端)的几何中心为点x。第二直通式导声通道244b(或第三直通式导声通道246b)的入口端的几何中心为点y。第三直通式导声通道246b(或导声通道240b)的出口端的几何中心为点z，则导声通道240b的长度可以表示为点w与点x之间的距离、点x与点y之间的距离、以及点y与点z之间的距离之和。
在一些实施例中，第二腔室224的体积可以不大于400mm 3。在一些实施例中，第二腔室224的体积可以在200mm 3-400mm 3范围之内。在一些实施例中，第二腔室224的体积可以在250mm 3-380mm 3范围之内。在一些实施例中，第二腔室224的体积可以在300mm 3-360mm 3范围之内。在一些实施例中，第二腔室224的体积可以在320mm 3-355mm 3范围之内。在一些实施例中，第二腔室224的体积可以在340mm 3-350mm 3范围之内。在一些实施例中，第二腔室224的体积可以为350mm 3。在一些实施例中，导声通道的体积与第二腔室224的体积的比值可以在0.05-0.9范围之内。在一些实施例中，导声通道的体积与第二 腔室224的体积的比值可以在0.1-0.8范围之内。在一些实施例中，导声通道的体积与第二腔室224的体积的比值可以在0.2-0.7范围之内。在一些实施例中，导声通道的体积与第二腔室224的体积的比值可以在0.3-0.6范围之内。在一些实施例中，导声通道的体积与第二腔室224的体积的比值可以在0.4-0.5范围之内。在一些实施例中，导声通道的体积与第二腔室224的体积的比值可以为0.45。
在一些实施例中，导声通道240a的出口端可以盖设有第一声阻网250。第一声阻网250可以用于调节经出声孔234输出至声学输出装置200A外部的气导声，以便于削弱第二腔室224中产生的气导声在中高频段或者高频段的谐振峰的峰值，使得声学输出装置200A的气导声的频响曲线更加平滑，听音效果更好。此外，第一声阻网250还可以在一定程度上使得第二腔室224与外部隔开，以便于增加声学输出装置200A的防水防尘性能。
在本说明书中，声阻网可以由纱网线编织而成。纱网线的线径、疏密程度等因素可以影响声阻网的声阻。纵向间隔排列和横向间隔排列的多根纱网线中每四根彼此相交的纱网线即可围设形成一孔隙(如图3所示)。图3是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声阻网的示意图。声阻网300的纱网线的中心线所围成的区域的面积可以定义为S1，纱网线的边缘实际所围成的区域(也即是孔隙)的面积可以定义为S2；那么孔隙率可以定义为S2/S1。孔隙尺寸可以表示为具有相同排列方向的任意相邻两根纱网线之间的间距，即，孔隙的边长。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的声阻可以小于或者等于300MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的声阻可以小于或者等于280MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的声阻可以小于或者等于260MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的声阻可以小于或者等于240MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的声阻可以小于或者等于200MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的声阻可以小于或者等于150MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的声阻可以小于或者等于100MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙率可以大于或者等于10％。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙率可以大于或者等于13％。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙率可以大于或者等于15％。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙率可以大于或者等于20％。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙率可以大于或者等于25％。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙率可以大于或者等于30％。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙尺寸可以大于或者等于15μm。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙尺寸可以大于或者等于18μm。在 一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙尺寸可以大于或者等于20μm。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙尺寸可以大于或者等于25μm。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙尺寸可以大于或者等于30μm。在一些实施例中，第一声阻网250的孔隙尺寸可以大于或者等于35μm。
在一些实施例中，换能装置210还可以包括线圈支架。线圈213可以设置在线圈支架上。线圈支架的至少一部分可以沿壳体振动方向的垂直方向从壳体230的侧向外露。在这种情况下，声学输出装置200A还可以包括导声部件。导声部件可以设置有导声通道和凹陷区。当导声部件与壳体物理连接时，线圈支架可以位于凹陷区内。关于导声部件的更多描述可以参见本申请中的其他地方(例如，图4和图5及其描述)。
应当注意以上对声学输出装置的描述旨在说明，而不是限制本申请的范围。许多替代、修改和变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。本文描述的示例性实施例的特征、结构、方法和其他特征可以以各种方式组合以获得附加和/或替代示例性实施例。例如，在上面示例的一个或多个声学结构(例如，出声孔、导声通道、扬声器组件等)的数量、大小、形状和/或位置可以根据实际需要设置。又例如，壳体230(例如，第一壳体231)上可以设置有与第一腔室222连通的泄压孔232，以有助于壳体230的第一腔室222与外部之间的压力平衡。再例如，第一腔室222和第二腔室224可以不流体连通。在一些实施例中，第一腔室222和第二腔室224可以处于流体连通。例如，振膜220上可以设置有一个或多个通孔。
图4是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图。图5是图4中的声学输出装置的爆炸图。如图4所示，声学输出装置400可以与图2A中所示的声学输出装置200A相似。例如，声学输出装置400可以包括换能装置410、振膜420、壳体430和导声通道440。壳体430可以包括第一壳体431和第二壳体433。壳体430可以形成用于容纳换能装置410和振膜420中的至少部分元件的容置腔。容置腔可以包括第一腔室422和第二腔室424。第一腔室422可以用于容纳换能装置410的至少一部分。壳体430上可以设置有与第一腔室422连通的泄压孔432。壳体430上可以设置有与第二腔室424连通的出声孔434。又例如，换能装置410可以包括磁路组件411和线圈413。更多关于声学输出装置400的描述可以参见本申请的其他地方(例如，图2A及其描述)。
在一些实施例中，换能装置410还可以包括线圈支架415。线圈支架415可以设置在第一腔室422内以用于支撑线圈413。例如，线圈支架415可以将线圈413固定在壳体 430(例如，第一壳体431)上，并使得线圈413伸入磁路组件410的磁间隙。又例如，线圈支架415可以与壳体430连接。当线圈413在磁路组件411提供的磁场作用下振动时，线圈413可以带动线圈支架415振动，从而起到带动壳体430振动。
声学输出装置400还可以包括导声部件450。导声部件450可以与壳体430物理连接。导声通道440可以设置在导声部件450上。在一些实施例中，线圈支架415的至少一部分可以沿壳体430的振动方向的垂直方向(例如，图4中的方向B)从壳体430(例如，第一壳体431)的侧向外露。在这种情况下，导声部件450还可以包括凹陷区452。当导声部件450与壳体430物理连接时，线圈支架415可以位于凹陷区452内。换句话说，第一壳体431位于导声部件450(或出声孔434)的一侧可以至少部分被切除，以形成使线圈支架415至少部分外露。导声部件450可以扣合于线圈支架415的外露部分4155和第二壳体433，和第二壳体433时，使得导声通道440与出声孔432连通。如此，第一壳体431位于导声部件450所在的一侧可以不用完全包裹线圈支架415，既可以避免声学输出装置400局部过厚，又不妨碍导声部件450与壳体430之间的固定。
仅作为示例，线圈支架415的外露部分4155与第二壳体433的位于导声孔434所在的一侧的至少部分4157可以配合形成一凸台。在一些实施例中，第二壳体433的至少部分4157可以称为第一子凸台部。线圈支架415的外露部分4155也可以称为第二子凸台部。在这种情况下，出声孔434的出口端可以位于第一子凸台部4157的顶部。相应地，导声部件450朝向线圈支架415和第二壳体433一侧可以设置有凹陷区452。此时，导声通道440的入口端可以与凹陷区452的凹陷底部连通。如此，当导声部件450与壳体430组装时，凸台可以嵌设在凹陷区452内，并使得导声通道440与出声孔434连通。在一些实施例中，当凸台的顶部与凹陷区452的凹陷底部接触时，导声部件450与壳体430可以恰好接触。在一些实施例中，当凸台的顶部与凹陷区452的凹陷底部接触时，导声部件450与壳体430之间可以留有缝隙，以改善导声通道440与出声孔434之间的气密性。在一些实施例中，凸台的顶部与凹陷区452的凹陷底部之间还可以设置环状密封件(图中未示出)。
在一些实施例中，导声部件450与壳体430之间可以插接连接。例如，壳体430(例如，第二壳体433)和导声部件450中的其中一者上可以设置有插接孔，另一者上可以设置有插接柱。插接柱可以插置固定在插接孔内，以改善导声部件450与壳体430组装的精度和可靠性。仅作为示例，如图5所示，插接孔435可以设置于第二壳体433上，例如，可 以设置于第一子凸台部上。插接柱454可以设置于导声部件450上，例如，可以设置于凹陷区452内。导声部件450与壳体430可以沿图5中的虚线所示的方向进行组装。
应当注意以上对声学输出装置100的描述旨在说明，而不是限制本申请的范围。许多替代、修改和变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。本文描述的示例性实施例的特征、结构、方法和其他特征可以以各种方式组合以获得附加和/或替代示例性实施例。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置400还可以包括声阻网460和/或防护罩470。声阻网460可以调节第二腔室424中产生的气导声的声阻。防护罩470可以罩设在导声通道440出口的外围，以保护声学输出装置400并改善声学输出装置400的外观。
图6A是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的框图。图6B至图6E是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图。如图6A所示，声学输出装置600可以与图2A中所示的声学输出装置200A相似。声学输出装置600可以包括换能装置610、振膜620和壳体630。具体地，参见图6B至图6E，壳体630可以形成用于容纳换能装置610和振膜620中的至少部分元件的容置腔。容置腔可以包括第一腔室622和第二腔室624。第一腔室622可以用于容纳换能装置610。壳体630上可以设置有与容置腔连通的出声孔634。在一些实施例中，出声孔634可以设置成将第一腔室622与外界连通(如图6D所示)。在一些实施例中，出声孔634可以设置成将第二腔室624与外界连通(如图6B和6B所示)。在一些实施例中，换能装置610可以包括磁路组件611和线圈613。更多关于声学输出装置600的描述可以参见本申请的其他地方(例如，图2A及其描述)。
由于产生气导声波的腔室(例如，第二腔室624)与出声孔相当于构成了一个亥姆霍兹共振腔结构，声学输出装置600输出的气导声波的频响曲线在较高频段会产生第一谐振峰，从而导致声学输出装置600的音质变差。具体地，在第一谐振峰的峰值频率附近，腔室输出声音急剧增大，使得声学输出装置600输出的气导声音由此产生的漏音在第一谐振峰的峰值频率附近的频段有突增，使得听音音质不均衡同时漏音增大。在这种情况下，可以通过设置亥姆霍兹共振腔640来改善声学输出装置600的音质。亥姆霍兹共振腔640可以用于削弱气导声波的第一谐振峰的峰值及其附近的谐振强度。在一些实施例中，亥姆霍兹共振腔640的谐振频率可以与第一谐振峰的峰值频率相同。在一些实施例中，亥姆霍兹共振腔640的谐振频率与第一谐振峰的峰值频率之间的差异可以在一个倍频程内。
亥姆霍兹共振腔640可以包括共振腔体642和至少一个共振腔口644。在一些实施例中，亥姆霍兹共振腔640可以与第二腔室624连通，以调节第二腔室624中产生的气导声波的频响。共振腔口644可以连通共振腔体642与第二腔室624。换句话说，共振腔口644可以设置于第二腔室624的侧壁上。例如，如图6B所示，共振腔口644可以设置在构成第二腔室624的壳体(即，第二壳体)上，共振腔体642可以悬挂在第二壳体外。又例如，如图6C所示，共振腔口644和共振腔体642可以设置在磁路组件611上。在一些实施例中，亥姆霍兹共振腔640连通第二腔室624的共振腔口644处于打开状态时的第一谐振峰的峰值谐振强度与亥姆霍兹共振腔640连通第二腔室624的开口处于关闭状态时的第一谐振峰的峰值谐振强度之间的差值可以大于或者等于3dB，具体地，可以为5dB、10dB、15dB、20dB等。
在一些实施例中，从公式(1)中可以看出，通过设置亥姆霍兹共振腔640的一个或多个参数可以得到亥姆霍兹共振腔640对第一谐振峰的不同削弱效果。例如，可以设置不同的共振腔体642的体积和/或出声孔634的横截面积来得到亥姆霍兹共振腔640对第一谐振峰的不同削弱效果(如图7所示)。又例如，可以在出声孔634处设置导声通道，可以通过设置导声通道长度来得到亥姆霍兹共振腔640对第一谐振峰的不同削弱效果。再例如，可以通过在共振腔口644处设置声阻网来得到亥姆霍兹共振腔640对第一谐振峰的不同削弱效果(如图8所示)。在一些实施例中，亥姆霍兹共振腔640的共振腔体642的体积可以与第二腔室624的体积相同或不同。需要知道的是，在一些实施例中，磁路组件611的质量比壳体630的质量大，在相同的驱动力下磁路组件611的振幅比壳体630的振幅小，尤其是在中高频段(例如，大于1kHz)。换言之，在声学输出装置600的实际工作过程中，磁路组件611的振动幅度比壳体630的振动幅度小。基于此，将亥姆霍兹共振腔640设于磁路组件611上，能获得更小振动的壁面，其吸收声能，削弱第一谐振峰的效果更为显著。
在一些实施例中，亥姆霍兹共振腔640可以与第一腔室622连通，以调节第一腔室622中产生的气导声波的频响。共振腔口644可以连通共振腔体642与第一腔室622。第一腔室622中可以产生气导声波并通过出声孔634传输至用户耳道。在这种情况下，壳体630可以不与用户皮肤接触，即，声学输出装置600可以不产生骨导声波。例如，如图6D所示，共振腔口644和共振腔体642都可以设置在磁路组件611上，并且共振腔口644与第一腔室622连通。在一些实施例中，亥姆霍兹共振腔640连通第一腔室622的共振腔口644处 于打开状态时的第一谐振峰的峰值谐振强度与亥姆霍兹共振腔640连通第一腔室622的开口处于关闭状态时的第一谐振峰的峰值谐振强度之间的差值可以大于或者等于3dB，具体地，可以为5dB、10dB、15dB、20dB等。
在一些实施例中，亥姆霍兹共振腔640可以同时连通第一腔室622和第二腔室624以用于同时调节第一腔室622产生的气导声波(也可以称为第一腔室622中产生的漏音)和第二腔室624中产生的气导声波的频响。例如，如图6E所示，亥姆霍兹共振腔640可以包括连通第一腔室622的共振腔口644(也可以称为第一共振腔口)和连通第二腔室624的共振腔口646(也可以称为第二共振腔口)。在一些实施例中，第一共振腔口644的面积可以大于或者等于第二共振腔口646的面积。
在一些实施例中，在至少一个共振腔口处还可以设置有第二声阻网650。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的孔隙率可以大于或者等于3％。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的孔隙率可以大于或者等于4％。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的孔隙率可以大于或者等于5％。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的孔隙率可以大于或者等于10％。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的孔隙率可以大于或者等于15％。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的孔隙率可以大于或者等于30％。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的孔隙率可以大于或者等于50％。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的孔隙率可以为100％。
如图8所示，随着第二声阻网650的声阻的增加，声学输出装置600的气导声波的频响曲线更为平坦，音质更为均衡。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的声阻可以在0-1000MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的声阻可以在50-900MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的声阻可以在100-800MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的声阻可以在200-700MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的声阻可以在300-600MKSrayls。在一些实施例中，第二声阻网650的声阻可以在400-500MKSrayls。
应当注意以上对声学输出装置600的描述旨在说明，而不是限制本申请的范围。许多替代、修改和变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。本文描述的示例性实施例的特征、结构、方法和其他特征可以以各种方式组合以获得附加和/或替代示例性实施例。例如，类似地，当壳体630上还设置有泄压孔632时，与泄压孔632连通的腔室与其相互作用也可以等效为亥姆霍兹共振腔结构。此时，声学输出装置600还可以包括与该腔室连通的 亥姆霍兹共振腔，以削弱该腔室产生的气导声波的谐振峰，从而提高声学输出装置600的音质。
图7是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的气导声波频响曲线图。如图7所示，M表示亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔口的面积。C表示亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔体的体积。曲线7-1表示未设置有亥姆霍兹共振腔的声学输出装置的频响曲线。曲线7-2表示设置有亥姆霍兹共振腔的声学输出装置的频响曲线，其中，该亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔口面积为2M，共振腔体体积为0.5C。曲线7-3表示设置有亥姆霍兹共振腔的声学输出装置的频响曲线，其中，该亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔口面积为M，共振腔体体积为C。曲线7-4表示设置有亥姆霍兹共振腔的声学输出装置的频响曲线，其中，该亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔口面积为0.5M，共振腔体体积为2C。从图7中可以看出，不同的共振腔体体积和共振腔口横截面积可以使不同的亥姆霍兹共振腔具有相同的谐振频率。当声学输出装置未设置亥姆霍兹共振腔时(对应曲线7-1)，由于产生气导声波的第二腔室与出声孔和/或导声通道的相互作用，声学输出装置输出的气导声波的频响曲线在较高频段会产生第一谐振峰P，从而导致声学输出装置的音质变差。通过设置亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔口面积(即，M)和/或共振腔体体积(即，C)，可以使得亥姆霍兹共振腔的谐振频率保持不变。当在声学输出装置中设置用于削弱气导声波的第一谐振峰P的亥姆霍兹共振腔后，随着共振腔口的面积(即，M)的减小和随着共振腔体的体积(即，C)的增加，亥姆霍兹共振腔削弱第一谐振峰P的频宽越宽，削弱效果越显著。
图8是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的气导声波的频响曲线图。如图8所示，R表示在亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔口设置的第二声阻网的声阻。曲线8-1表示未设置有亥姆霍兹共振腔的声学输出装置的频响曲线。曲线8-2表示设置有亥姆霍兹共振腔且在该亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔口设置有声阻为0.2R的第二声阻网的声学输出装置的频响曲线。曲线8-3表示设置有亥姆霍兹共振腔且在该亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔口设置有声阻为R的第二声阻网的声学输出装置的频响曲线。曲线8-4表示设置有亥姆霍兹共振腔且在该亥姆霍兹共振腔的共振腔口设置有声阻为5R的第二声阻网的声学输出装置的频响曲线。在图8中，当声学输出装置未设置亥姆霍兹共振腔时(对应曲线8-1)，声学输出装置输出的气导声波的频响曲线在较高频段会产生第一谐振峰P。当在声学输出装置中设置用于削弱气导声波的第一谐振峰P的亥姆霍兹共振腔后，随着在共振腔口设置的第二声阻网的声阻的增加， 声学输出装置的频响曲线更为平坦。换句话说，通过设置亥姆霍兹共振腔和调节第二声阻网的声阻可以使声学输出装置的音质更加均衡。
图9是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图。图10是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的气导声波的频响曲线。如图9所示，声学输出装置900可以与图2A中所示的声学输出装置200A相似。例如，声学输出装置900可以包括换能装置910、振膜920和壳体930。壳体930可以形成用于容纳换能装置910和振膜920中的至少部分元件的容置腔。容置腔可以包括第一腔室922和第二腔室924。第一腔室922可以用于容纳换能装置910。壳体930上可以设置有与第二腔室924连通的出声孔934。壳体930上还可以设置有与第一腔室922连通的泄压孔932。换能装置910可以包括磁路组件911和线圈913。更多关于声学输出装置900的描述可以参见本说明书的其他地方(例如，图2A及其描述)。
壳体930可以包括第一壳体931(也可以称为主壳体)和第二壳体933(也可以称为辅壳体)。第一壳体931和第二壳体933可以连接以构成壳体930。第一壳体931可以构成第一腔室922的至少一部分，第二壳体933可以构成第二腔室924的至少一部分。在一些实施例中，制备第二壳体933的第二材料可以与制备第一壳体931的第一材料相同。具体地，第二壳体933可以通过弹性连接件936与第一壳体931连接，并与振膜920配合以形成第二腔室924。在这种情况下，第一壳体931、换能装置910(例如，换能装置910中连接第一壳体931的弹簧片)和振膜920可以形成具有一固有频率f1的振动系统，第二壳体933和弹性连接件936可以形成具有一固有频率f2的振动系统。在一些实施例中，制备第二壳体933的第二材料与制备第一壳体931的第一材料可以不同。具体地，第二壳体933可以具有与第一壳体931不同的弹性系数。在这种情况下，第一壳体931可以具有对应第一材料的固有频率f1，第二壳体933可以具有对应第二材料的固有频率f2。在一些实施例中，与第一壳体931相关的固有频率f1也可以称为第一壳体931的第一谐振频率，与第二壳体933相关的固有频率f2也可以称为第二壳体933的第二谐振频率。需要知道的是，壳体(例如，第一壳体931、第二壳体933)的谐振频率可以通过激光测振仪、加速度计等来测定，本申请不做限制。例如，可以利用激光测振仪测定第二壳体933外表面的振动，从而测定第二壳体933的第二谐振频率f2。又例如，可以在第二壳体933表面粘接或机械安装加速度计，利用加速度计测量第二壳体933外表面的振动，从而测定第二壳体933的第二谐振频率f2。
在一些实施例中，第一谐振频率可以小于第二谐振频率。此时，通过调节第二壳体933的第二谐振频率可以控制声学输出装置900的气导声波。如图10所示，f2表示第二壳体933的第二谐振频率。从图10中可以看出，声学输出装置900在小于第二壳体933的第二谐振频率的频段，可以输出较强的气导声波。声学输出装置900在高于第二壳体933的第二谐振频率的频段，几乎不输出气导声波。具体地，在第一壳体931的振动过程中，由于力与反作用力的关系，换能装置910和/或振膜920可以认为几乎是静止的或朝着与第一壳体931相反的方向振动。当第一壳体931的振动频率小于第二谐振频率(例如，介于20Hz至150Hz之间或介于20Hz至400Hz之间)时，第二壳体933与第一壳体931之间的相位差可以介于-π/3至+π/3之间。此时，第二壳体933与第一壳体931的振动方向可以相同，即第一壳体931与第二壳体933同相。由于换能装置910和/或振膜920与第二壳体933振动方向相反，第二壳体933与振膜920之间的空气(即，第二腔室924内的空气)可以被压缩或扩张，进而能够产生经出声孔934输出至声学输出装置900外部的气导声波。当第一壳体931的振动频率大于第二谐振频率时(例如，第一壳体931的振动频率介于2kHz至4kHz之间或介于1kHz至2kHz之间)，第二壳体933与第一壳体931之间的相位差可以介于2π/3至4π/3之间。此时，第二壳体933与第一壳体931的振动方向可以相反，而与换能装置910和/或振膜920的振动方向相同。此时，第二腔室924内的空气不易被压缩或扩张，进而难以产生经出声孔934输出至声学输出装置900外部的气导声波。
简而言之，通过合理设计第二壳体933的第二谐振频率，可以控制声学输出装置900在某一特定频段(例如，小于f2的低频段)产生经出声孔934输出至声学输出装置900外部的气导声波，而在另一频段(例如，大于f2的高频段)几乎不产生经出声孔934输出至声学输出装置900外部的气导声波。换句话说，通过调节第二壳体933的第二谐振频率，可以利用气导声波对骨导声波的特定频段进行补充。
在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率的大小可以根据第二壳体933和/或弹性连接件936的弹性系数等参数进行调节，在此不作限制。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率可以小于或者等于10kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率可以小于或者等于8kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率可以小于或者等于6kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率可以小于或者等于5kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率可以小于或者等于3kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐 振频率可以小于或者等于2kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率可以小于或者等于1kHz。在一些实施例中，第二谐振频率可以小于或者等于0.5kHz。
图11是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图。如图11所示，声学输出装置1100可以与图2A中所示的声学输出装置200A相似。例如，声学输出装置1100可以包括扬声器组件。扬声器组件可以包括机芯模组(例如，换能装置、振膜)和壳体1110。壳体1110可以形成用于容纳换能装置和振膜中的至少部分元件的容置腔。容置腔可以包括第一腔室和第二腔室。第一腔室可以用于容纳换能装置的至少一部分。壳体1110上可以设置有与第二腔室连通的出声孔。壳体1110上还可以设置有与第一腔室连通的泄压孔。又例如，换能装置可以包括磁路组件线圈。更多关于声学输出装置1100的描述可以参见本说明书的其他地方(例如，图2A及其描述)。
基于前述关于扬声器组件的相关描述，当声学输出装置1100是气导骨导结合的声学输出装置时，壳体1110的皮肤接触区域1112(也称为第一壳体1112)用于与用户的皮肤接触，以便于传输机芯模组产生的机械振动，进而形成骨导声波。在声学输出装置1100在产生骨导声波的同时，换能装置与壳体1110发生相对运动。进一步地，由于振膜的存在，第二腔室产生经出声孔向人耳传输的与骨导声同相的气导声波。当壳体1110(即，第一壳体1112)与用户接触时，用户的皮肤的机械特性(例如，弹性、阻尼、质量)会反过来影响机芯模组的振动状态。具体而言，壳体1110(即，第一壳体1112中的第一区域11A)与用户的皮肤贴合越好、越紧密，则会使得壳体1110的振动变弱。进一步地，壳体1110振动的变弱，可以使得壳体1110与换能装置及振膜之间的相对运动变弱，因此而产生的气导声也随之变小，最终影响气导声的听音效果。然而，壳体1110也无法与用户的皮肤完全分离，因为这样会影响骨导声波的传输，进而影响骨导声的听音效果。
为了减小壳体1110与皮肤的贴合的紧密程度，从而削弱皮肤对机芯模组振动的影响，让壳体1110和/或振膜振动产生足够的气导声波的同时不降低骨导声波的传递效率，可以减小壳体与用户皮肤的接触面积，例如，可以使皮肤接触区域1112倾斜设置。在一些实施例中，皮肤接触区域1112可以包括第一区域11A和第二区域11B。声学输出装置1100还可以包括支撑组件1120(例如，图1B中的耳挂122)。支撑组件1120的一端可以与壳体1110连接，用于支撑扬声器组件。第二区域11B相较于第一区域11A可以远离支撑组件1120。在声学输出装置1100处于佩戴的状态下，皮肤接触区域1112的第一区域11A可以 与用户的皮肤接触以在换能装置的带动下振动并产生骨导声波。皮肤接触区域1112的第二区域11B可以相对于用户的皮肤不接触(例如，倾斜或间隔设置)。在一些实施例中，第一区域11A和第二区域11B可以共面设置，以降低壳体1110的加工难度。例如，可以通过设置壳体1110和支撑件1120之间呈一定角度，使得声学输出装置1100处于佩戴状态下相对于用户皮肤倾斜且间隔设置。在一些实施例中，第一区域11A和第二区域11B可以非共面设置。例如，第一区域11A和第二区域11B可以分别位于两个平面，该两个平面可以通过弧面衔接。又例如，第一区域11A和第二区域11B可以分别是一个弧面的不同部分。
在一些实施例中，皮肤接触区域1112的倾斜角度(即，第二区域11B与用户皮肤之间的夹角γ)可以根据实际需求进行设置。在本说明书中，第二区域11B与用户的皮肤之间的夹角γ可以是指第二区域11B的切平面与用户的皮肤所在的平面之间的最大角度和最小角度的平均值。在一些实施例中，第二区域11B与用户的皮肤之间的夹角γ可以在0°-45°范围之间。在一些实施例中，第二区域11B与用户的皮肤之间的夹角γ可以2°-40°范围之间。在一些实施例中，第二区域11B与用户的皮肤之间的夹角γ可以在5°-35°范围之间。在一些实施例中，第二区域11B与用户的皮肤之间的夹角γ可以在10°-30°范围之间。在一些实施例中，第二区域11B与用户的皮肤之间的夹角γ可以在15°-25°范围之间。在一些实施例中，第二区域11B的面积可以大于第一区域11A的面积。
图12是根据本申请的一些实施例的示例性声学输出装置的框图。如图12所示，声学输出装置1200可以包括扬声器组件1210、传递组件1220和支撑组件1230。扬声器组件1210可以通过传递组件1220连接到支撑组件1230。
扬声器组件1210可以用于根据电信号生成机械振动信号(例如，骨导声波和/或气导声波)。电信号可以包含声音信息。声音信息可以是具有特定数据格式的视频文件或音频文件，也可以是一般数据或可以通过特定方式最终转换为声音的文件。电信号可以从如麦克风、计算机、移动电话、MP3播放器等信号源接收。例如，麦克风可以从一个声源接收声音信号。然后，麦克风可以将接收到的声音信号转换为电信号，并将电信号传输给扬声器组件1210。又例如，扬声器组件1210可以连接到MP3播放器或与MP3播放器通信。MP3播放器可以直接将电信号传输到扬声器组件1210。在一些实施例中，扬声器组件1210可以通过有线连接，无线连接或其组合与信号源连接和/或通信。有线连接可以包括，例如，电缆、光缆、电话线等，或其任何组合。无线连接可以包括蓝牙 TM网络，局域网(LAN)、 广域网(WAN)、近场通信(NFC)网络、ZigBee TM网络等，或其任何组合。更多关于扬声器组件的描述可以参见本申请其他地方(例如，图2A及其描述)。
传递组件1220可以物理连接到扬声器组件1210。因此，传递组件1220可以从扬声器组件1210接收振动信号。当声学输出装置1200佩戴在用户身上时，传递组件1220和用户之间可以形成一个角度。在本说明书中，传递组件1220与用户之间的角度是指传递组件1220的长轴与用户的皮肤所在的平面之间的角度。在一些实施例中，该角度可以在0到90°、或者0°到70°、或者5°到50°、或者10°到50°、或者10°到30°等角度范围内。
传递组件1220可以用于通过传递组件1220上的皮肤接触区域与用户接触，并且通过皮肤接触区域将接收到的振动信号输送给用户。在一些实施例中，传递组件1220与用户(例如，用户的皮肤)之间的接触面积可以响应振动信号而改变。在一些实施例中，传递组件1220上的皮肤接触区域可以设置在例如，前额、颈部(例如，喉咙)、面部(例如，嘴周围的区域、下巴)、头顶、乳突、耳朵周围的区域、太阳穴等，或其任意组合。
传递组件1220上的皮肤接触区域可以与扬声器组件1210相距一定距离。扬声器组件1210可以绕靠近传递组件1220的皮肤接触区域的旋转轴进行振动。在这种情况下，传递组件1220上的皮肤接触区域可以比扬声器组件1210更接近旋转轴。因此，传递组件1220上的皮肤接触区域的振动强度可以比扬声器组件1210的振动强度小，从而减小传递到用户的振动。例如，传递组件1220可以包括具有至少一个弧形结构的弹性元件。传递组件1220的皮肤接触区域可以在至少一个弧形结构的凸起部分上。扬声器组件1210可以响应于振动信号而在皮肤接触区域周围振动。关于弧形结构的更多描述可以在本申请的其他地方找到(例如，图14及其描述)。又例如，传递组件1220可以包括连接单元、振动传递板和弹性元件。扬声器组件1210可以设置在连接单元的上表面，振动传递板可以连接到连接单元的一端。传递组件1220的皮肤接触区域可以设置在振动传递板上。支撑组件1230可以通过弹性元件连接至连接单元或振动传递板。扬声器组件1210可以响应于振动信号围绕支撑组件1230和弹性元件之间的连接点振动。关于带有连接单元、振动传递板和弹性元件的传递组件的更多描述可以在本申请的其他地方找到(例如，图13及其描述)。
在一些实施例中，传递组件1220的皮肤接触区域可以设置在耳朵周围的区域，以使得扬声器组件1210的一个表面面向用户的耳道。这样，当振动扬声器1210振动时，扬声器组件1210可驱动振动扬声器1210周围的空气振动并产生气导声波。气导声波可以通过空气 传输到耳朵，从而增强传递给用户的声音强度。因此，用户不仅可以听到由传递组件1220的皮肤接触区域的振动产生的骨导声波，还可以听到由扬声器组件1210驱动周围空气产生的气导声波。
在一些实施例中，扬声器组件1210的壳体可以包括例如设置在壳体的侧壁或面对用户的耳道的一侧处的一个或多个出声孔。这样，当扬声器组件1210振动时，在扬声器组件1210的壳体内(例如，第二腔室)产生的气导声波可以通过一个或多个出声孔传递到壳体外，并且进一步传输到用户的耳朵。在一些实施例中，当用户佩戴声学输出装置1200时，扬声器组件1210的一个或多个出声孔可以朝着用户的耳道布置。因此，用户可以进一步听到由扬声器组件1210的一个或多个出声孔所传输的气导声波，从而增强用户听到的声音强度。
支撑组件1230可以通过传递组件1220物理连接至扬声器组件1210。支撑组件1230可以被配置为支撑传递组件1220和/或扬声器组件1210，使得传递组件1220可以接触用户的皮肤。
在一些实施例中，支撑组件1230可以包括固定部分，该固定部分可以使声学输出装置1200更好地固定在用户身上，并防止在用户使用期间脱落。在一些实施例中，固定部分可以为具有适合于人体的某一部分(例如，耳朵、头部、颈部)的任何形状，例如，U形、C形、圆环形、椭圆形、半圆形等形状，使得声学输出装置1200可以独立地佩戴在用户的身体上。例如，支撑组件1230的固定部分的形状可以与人耳廓的形状相匹配，从而可以将声学输出装置1200独立地佩戴在用户的耳朵上。又例如，支撑组件1230的固定部分的形状可以与人的头部的形状相匹配，使得支撑组件1230可以被悬挂在用户的头部上，这可以防止声学输出装置1200脱落下来。
在一些实施例中，支撑组件1230可以是具有中空内部的壳结构。中空内部可以容纳电池组件、控制电路组件、蓝牙设备等，或其任何组合。在一些实施例中，支撑组件1230可以由各种材料制成，例如金属材料(例如铝、金、铜等)、合金材料(例如铝合金、钛合金等)、塑料材料(例如例如，聚乙烯、聚丙烯、环氧树脂、尼龙等)、纤维材料(例如，醋酸纤维、丙酸纤维、碳纤维等)等。在一些实施例中，支撑组件1230可设置有护套。护套可以由具有一定弹性的软质材料制成，例如，软硅胶、橡胶等，可以为用户提供更好的触感。
应当注意以上对声学输出装置100的描述旨在说明，而不是限制本申请的范围。许多替代、修改和变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。本文描述的示例性实施例的特征、结构、方法和其他特征可以以各种方式组合以获得附加和/或替代示例性实施例。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置1200的任何两个组件(例如，扬声器组件1210、传递组件1220和支撑组件130)之间的连接可以包括粘接、铆接、螺纹连接、整体形成、吸气连接或其他类似方式等，或其任何组合。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置1200还可以包括辅助支撑部件，该辅助支撑部件可以用于通过接触用户来辅助支撑扬声器组件1210。辅助支撑部件可以具有杆状结构，并且辅助支撑部件的端部可以直接连接至扬声器组件1210。因此，当用户佩戴声学输出装置1200时，辅助支撑部件可以与扬声器组件1210接触。从而扬声器组件1210可以通过辅助支撑部件向用户传输部分振动信号，从而进一步增强用户听到的声音强度。
图13是根据本申请的一些实施例的与示例性声学输出装置向用户传递振动信号的过程相关的状态示意图。如图13所示(例如，图13中的状态13a)，声学输出装置1300可以包括扬声器组件1310、传递组件1320(虚线框1320中的组件)和支撑组件1330。
扬声器组件1310可以通过传递组件1320连接到支撑组件1330。扬声器组件1310可以根据电信号产生表示声音的振动信号。仅作为示例，扬声器组件1310可以包括换能装置、振膜和壳体。换能装置可以包括磁路组件和线圈。线圈可以在磁路组件提供的磁场中振动，并带动振膜和/或壳体振动。壳体可包括面向人体一侧的前壳体和与前壳体相对的后壳体。扬声器组件1310可以提供各种共振峰。在一些实施例中，扬声器组件1310可以提供频率范围小于500Hz，或频率范围小于800Hz，或频率范围小于1000Hz的一个或多个低频共振峰。低频共振峰可能与壳体的弹性模量有关。壳体的弹性模量越小，扬声器组件1310的低频共振峰可能越低。
传递组件1320可以通过与用户接触将振动信号传递给用户(例如，用户的耳蜗)。在一些实施例中，传递组件1320可以包括连接单元1322、振动传递板1324和弹性元件1326。传递组件1320上与用户接触的皮肤接触区域可以设置在振动传递板1324上。
在一些实施例中，连接单元1322可以是具有两个端部(例如，第一端部E1和第二端部E2)的结构。例如，连接单元1322可以是具有两个端部的杆状结构、片状结构等。扬声器组件1310可以通过连接单元1322连接到振动传递板1324。例如，扬声器组件1310的 侧壁(例如，下侧壁)可以与连接单元1322的侧壁(例如，上侧壁)连接。可选地，扬声器组件1310可以被设置在上侧或连接至连接单元1322的第一端部E1。例如，如图13所示，当连接单元1322为矩形杆时，扬声器组件1310可以被设置在连接单元1322的上侧壁上。为简洁起见，连接单元1322的上侧是指连接单元1322背离用户皮肤的一侧，连接单元1322的下侧是指连接单元1322面向用户皮肤的一侧。类似地，扬声器组件1310的上侧是指扬声器组件1310的背离用户皮肤的一侧，扬声器组件1310的下侧是指扬声器组件1310的面向用户皮肤的一侧。在一些实施例中，当连接单元1322为杆状结构时，杆的横截面可以为任何其他形状，例如矩形、三角形、圆形、椭圆形、正六边形、不规则形状等。在一些实施例中，当连接单元1322是片状结构时，片状结构的形状可以包括矩形、椭圆形、不规则形状等。
振动传递板1324可以在第二端部E2处连接到连接单元1322的下侧。振动传递板1324以及传递组件1320上的皮肤接触区域可以与扬声器组件1310相距一定距离。振动传递板1324可以被配置为与用户接触(如图13所示，虚线1340可以大致被视为用户的皮肤)，以将振动信号传递给用户。在一些实施例中，振动传递板1324可以是诸如楔形块的块状物，其可以允许或使得扬声器组件1310悬挂在用户的皮肤上方，从而在连接单元1322的上表面或下表面与用户的皮肤表面之间形成一个角度(例如，图13a中的θ)。在一些实施例中，连接单元1322的上表面或下表面与用户的皮肤表面之间的角度可以在0°至90°、或0°至70°、或5°至50°、或10°至50°、或10°至30°等的范围内。在一些实施例中，连接单元1322的上表面或下表面与用户皮肤表面之间的角度也可以被称为在传递组件1320和用户的皮肤1340(或用户的皮肤所在的平面)之间的角度。
弹性元件1326和振动传递板1324可以位于连接单元1322的同一端，即，弹性元件1326也可以连接至连接单元1322的第二端部E2。振动传递板1324可以设置有一个凸形结构1328(如图13所示)。弹性元件1326的两端可以分别连接到凸形结构1328和连接单元1322的第二端部E2。在一些实施例中，弹性元件1326可以是具有一定弹性的片状结构或杆状结构。
支撑组件1330的第一端部可以在弹性元件1326的任何一点(例如，中心点)处与弹性元件1326连接。在一些实施例中，支撑组件1330的第一端部可以直接或通过连接元件1332与弹性元件1326连接。例如，支撑组件1330的第一端部可直接或通过连接元件1332 连接至弹性元件1326的中心。当声学输出装置1300被固定佩戴在用户身上时，支撑组件1330可被认为相对于用户是静止的，并且在这种情况下，扬声器组件1310可以响应于振动信号驱动连接单元1322和振动传递板1324围绕支撑组件1330和弹性元件1326之间的特定连接点1350旋转。
根据图13中的状态13a和13b，状态13a代表在振动信号传递过程中声学输出装置1300的初始状态，而状态13b代表在振动信号传递过程中声学输出装置1300的中间状态。箭头A表示扬声器组件1310的振动方向，箭头A的长度表示振动强度。
当声学输出装置1300处于初始状态时(状态13a)，传递组件1320与用户皮肤1340之间的角度为θ时，振动传递板1324与用户皮肤1340之间的接触面积在振动信号传递过程中最大。当声学输出装置1300处于中间状态(状态13b)时，传递组件1320与用户皮肤1340之间的角度可以小于声学输出装置1300的初始状态下传递组件1320与用户皮肤1340之间的角度。因此，传递组件1320和用户皮肤1340之间的接触面积可以响应振动信号而改变。例如，在扬声器组件1310围绕特定的连接点1350朝向用户的皮肤1340振动的过程中，传递组件1320和用户的皮肤1340之间的角度可以逐渐减小(即，状态13b中的θ'<θ)。在这种情况下，在声学输出装置1300的中间状态下，振动传递板1324与用户皮肤1340之间的接触面积可以小于在声学输出装置1300的初始状态下振动传递板1324与用户皮肤1340之间的接触面积。因此，在扬声器组件1310向用户传递振动信号的过程中，可以降低用户的振动感觉。
此外，由于振动传递板1324与扬声器组件1310相距一定距离，并且，振动传递板1324至特定连接点1350的距离小于扬声器组件1310至特定连接点1350的距离，在振动信号传递过程中，振动传递板1324的振动强度可能小于扬声器组件1310的振动强度，从而进一步降低用户的振动感觉。仅作为示例，箭头B表示皮肤接触区域上的某一点的振动，并且箭头B的长度表示该点的振动强度。由于从特定连接点1350到箭头B的垂直距离小于从特定连接点1350到箭头A的垂直距离，因此箭头A的振动强度(即箭头A的长度)可能大于振动箭头B的强度(即箭头B的长度)。
因此，通过使用传递组件1320，可以减少源自扬声器组件1310的振动，从而保护用户免受低频范围内不舒适的振动感。在此基础上，可以更加灵活地设计扬声器组件1310的频率响应以适应不同的需求。例如，扬声器组件1310的最低共振峰可以被移动到较低的 频率范围，以向用户提供更丰富的低频信号。如上所述，可以通过改变扬声器组件1310的壳体的弹性模量来调节扬声器组件1310的最低共振峰。在一些实施例中，扬声器组件1310的壳体的弹性模量可以设计成使得扬声器组件1310的最低共振峰可以小于2500Hz、或者小于2000Hz、或者小于1500Hz、或者小于1200Hz、或者小于1000Hz、或者小于800Hz、或者小于500Hz、或小于300Hz、或小于200Hz、或小于100Hz、或小于90Hz、或小于50Hz。
应当注意的是，以上描述仅出于说明的目的，而不是为了限制本申请的范围。对于拥有本领域普通技术的人员，可以在本申请的教导下进行多种变化和修改。然而，这些变化和修改不脱离本公开的范围。例如，扬声器组件1310可以直接连接到振动传递板1324，即，可以省略连接单元1322。在这种情况下，弹性元件1326可以直接连接到扬声器组件1310。又例如，声学输出装置1300可以进一步包括一个或多个附加部件，例如辅助支撑部件(未示出)。再例如，传递组件1320的皮肤接触区域可以设置在耳朵周围的区域中，以使得扬声器组件1310的表面可以面对用户的耳道，以便更好地将气导声波传播到耳朵。
图14是根据本申请的一些实施例的与示例性声学输出装置向用户传递振动信号的过程相关的状态示意图。如图14所示，声学输出装置1400可以类似于图13所示的声学输出装置1300。声学输出装置1400可包括扬声器组件1410、传递组件1420和支撑组件1430。扬声器组件1410可以通过传递组件1420连接到支撑组件1430。扬声器组件1410可以根据电信号产生表示声音的振动信号。扬声器组件1410可以与图13所示的扬声器组件1310相似或相同。
传递组件1420可以包括弹性元件。弹性元件可以包括连接部分1422和弧形结构1424，其中，连接部分1422的第一端部与弧形结构1424的第一端部E3连接。在一些实施例中，弹性元件(例如，连接部分1422和/或弧形结构1424)可以由各种弹性材料制成，例如金属材料(例如，铝、金、铜等)、合金材料(例如，铝合金、钛合金等)、塑料材料(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、环氧树脂、尼龙等)、纤维材料(例如醋酸纤维、丙酸纤维、碳纤维等)等。
扬声器组件1410可以物理连接到连接部分1422。例如，当连接部分1422为片状结构时，扬声器组件1410可以设置在连接部分1422的上表面。又例如，当连接部分1422为 杆状结构时，扬声器组件1410可以设置在连接部分1422的上表面，或者扬声器组件1410的侧壁可以连接至连接部分1422的第二端部。
弧形结构1424的凸起部分可以用于与用户皮肤1440接触，因此扬声器组件1410可以通过传递组件1420将振动信号输送给用户。在这种情况下，弧形结构1424和用户皮肤1440之间的接触面积可以小于图13所示的传递组件1320的皮肤接触区域的面积。传递组件1420和用户皮肤1440之间的接触面积可以在响应振动信号时几乎不变。扬声器组件1410可以悬挂在用户的皮肤上，并且可以在连接部分1422和用户皮肤1440的表面之间形成一个角度(例如，图14的状态14a中的角度α)。在一些实施例中，连接部分1422与用户皮肤1440的表面之间的角度可以在0°到90°、或者0°到70°、或者5°到50°、或者10°到50°、或者10°到30°的范围内。在一些实施例中，连接部分1422与用户皮肤1440的表面之间的角度也可以称为传递组件1420与用户皮肤1440(或用户皮肤所在的平面)之间的角度。
在一些实施例中，与用户皮肤1440接触的弧形结构1424的凸起部分也可以被称为传递组件1420的皮肤接触区域1450。传递组件1420上的皮肤接触区域1450可以与扬声器组件1410相距一定距离。弧形结构1424的第二端部E4可以与支撑组件1430的一端连接。当声学输出装置1400被固定地佩戴在用户身上时，支撑组件1430可以被视为相对于用户是静止的，并且在这种情况下，扬声器组件1410可以响应于振动信号驱动传递组件1420(即，弹性元件连接部分1422和弧形结构1424)围绕皮肤接触区域1450振动或旋转。在一些实施例中，弧形结构1424的第二端部E4可以通过连接元件1432连接到支撑组件1430。
根据图14中的状态14a和14b，状态14a代表在振动信号传递过程中声学输出装置1400的初始状态，而状态14b代表在振动信号传递过程中声学输出装置1400的中间状态。箭头A表示扬声器组件1410的振动方向，箭头A的长度表示振动强度。
在振动信号传递过程中，由于弧形结构1424与用户皮肤1440之间的接触面积很小，并且由扬声器组件1410产生的振动信号部分地被转换为传递组件1420(例如，连接部分1422和/或弧形结构1424)的弹性形变，与扬声器组件1410直接接触用户皮肤1440时用户的振动感觉相比，可以减小用户的振动感觉。
此外，由于皮肤接触区域1450与扬声器组件1410相距一定距离，因此在振动信号传递过程中，皮肤接触区域1450的振动强度可能小于扬声器组件1410的振动强度，从而进一步减小用户的振动感觉。仅作为示例，箭头B表示皮肤接触区域1450附近某个点的振动，并且箭头B的长度表示该点的振动强度。由于从皮肤接触区域1450到箭头B的垂直距离小于从皮肤接触区域1450到箭头A的垂直距离，所以箭头A的振动强度(即，箭头A的长度)可能大于箭头B的振动强度(即箭头B的长度)。
因此，通过使用传递组件1420，可以减少源自扬声器组件1410的振动，从而保护用户免受低频范围内不舒适的振动感。基于此，可以更加灵活地设计扬声器组件1410的频率响应以适应不同的需求。例如，扬声器组件1410的最低共振峰可以被移动到较低的频率范围，以向用户提供更丰富的低频信号。如上所述，可以通过改变扬声器组件1410的壳体的弹性模量来调节扬声器组件1410的最低共振峰。在一些实施例中，扬声器组件1410的壳体的弹性模量可以设计为使得扬声器组件1410的最低共振峰值可以小于2500Hz、或者小于2000Hz、或者小于1500Hz、或者小于1200Hz、或者小于1000Hz、或者小于800Hz、或者小于500Hz、或小于300Hz、或小于200Hz、或小于100Hz、或小于90Hz、或小于50Hz。
仅出于说明目的，在声学输出装置1400中仅描述了一个弹性元件。然而，应注意的是，本申请中的声学输出装置1400还可以包括多个弹性元件，因此振动信号也可以由多个弹性元件共同递送。在一些实施例中，弹性元件可以包括多个弧形结构，因此振动信号也可以由多个弧形结构共同传递。例如，多个弧形结构可以并排排列设置。
应当注意的是，以上描述仅是出于说明的目的，而不是为了限制本申请的范围。对于拥有本领域普通技术的人员，可以在本申请的教导下进行多种变化和修改。然而，这些变化和修改不脱离本公开的范围。例如，弧形结构1424可以直接连接到扬声器组件1410，即，可以省略连接部分1422。又例如，声学输出装置1400可以进一步包括一个或多个附加部件，例如辅助支撑部件(未示出)。再例如，传递组件1420的皮肤接触区域1450可以设置在耳朵周围的区域中，以使得扬声器组件1410的表面可以面对用户的耳道，更好地将气导声波传播到耳朵。
图15是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图。如图15所示，声学输出装置1500可以包括信号处理电路1510和扬声器组件1520。信号处理电路1510可以与扬声器组件1520进行电性连接。
信号处理电路1510可以接收并处理从音频信号源接收的音频信号(例如，电信号)，以得到目标音频信号。目标音频信号可以驱动扬声器组件1520以产生声音。例如，信号处理电路1510可以通过有线连接和/或无线连接的方式从手机、MP3、麦克风等设备接收音频信号。信号处理电路1510可以对接收到的音频信号进行例如，解码、采样、数字化、压缩、分频、调频、EQ均衡、增益调节、编码等中的一种或多种信号处理操作。信号处理电路1510可以将处理得到的目标音频信号传输给扬声器组件1520。在一些实施例中，信号处理电路可以集成在控制电路(例如，图1中的控制电路140)上。
扬声器组件1520可以接收目标音频信号并将其转换为声音(例如，气导声波、骨导声波)。仅作为示例，扬声器组件1520可以包括换能装置、振膜和壳体。换能装置可以电连接至信号处理电路1510以接收目标音频信号。换能装置可以将目标音频信号转换成机械振动信号。振膜可以在换能装置的带动下振动以产生气导声波。在一些实施例中，换能装置可以与壳体连接。壳体可以包括皮肤接触区域。皮肤接触区域可以在换能装置的带动下振动并产生骨导声波。更多关于扬声器组件的描述可以参见本说明书其他地方(例如，图2A及其描述)。
基于前述可知，由于扬声器组件1520中的腔室(例如，第二腔室)和出声孔之间的相互作用，扬声器组件1520(或声学输出装置1500)输出的气导声波在其频响曲线上具有第一谐振峰。在第一谐振峰处由于在腔室中产生的气导声音输出急剧增大，使得扬声器组件1520(或声学输出装置1500)输出的气导声和由此产生的漏音在第一谐振峰对应的频率附近的谐振频段突增，从而导致声学输出装置1500的音质不均衡的同时漏音增大。为此，可以利用信号处理电路1510，削弱相应频段的信号幅值，进而减小该频段声音的输出，削弱声音突增的现象，从而改善声学输出装置1500的音质和漏音。
示例性地，信号处理电路1510可以包括至少一个均衡器1512(Equalizer，EQ)，以用于实现信号均衡。具体地，均衡器1512对音频信号的第一频段的信号增益系数可以大于其对第二频段的信号增益系数，其中，第二频段高于第一频段。在一些实施例中，第一频段可以至少包括500Hz。第二频段可以至少包括3.5kHz或者4.5kHz。在一些实施例中， 可以使得第一谐振峰尽可能地向高频偏移。例如，第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率可以设置成位于第二频段内，或者高于第二频段。如此，可以通过均衡器1512削弱其信号幅值，进而减少第二频段的信号输出，削弱气导声的突增，进而使得声学输出装置1500的音质的高频更加均衡。
在一些实施例中，均衡器1512可以包括一个或多个滤波器。滤波器可以包括模拟滤波器、数字滤波器等或其组合。在一些实施例中，均衡器1512可以包括小波滤波器、平均滑动滤波器、中值滤波器、自适应中值滤波器等，或其任意组合。在一些实施例中，为了抑制谐振频段处的漏音突增，均衡器1512可以包括数字带通滤波器。数字带通滤波器的中心频率可以与第一谐振峰的峰值频率接近，例如，两者频率差异可以在一个倍频程内。数字带通滤波器的品质因素Q可以在0.5-6范围之内。数字带通滤波器增益可以控制在0-12dB范围之内。
在一些实施例中，信号处理电路1510还可以包括音量监控模块。音量监控模块可以监控声学输出装置1500的音量。均衡器1512可以根据声学输出装置1500的音量为第一频段设置不同的信号增益系数。更多关于音量监控模块的描述可以参见本说明书的其他地方(例如，图16及其描述)。
在一些实施例中，音量越大，第一频段的信号增益系数越小。例如：在音量较小的情况下，均衡器可以使得低频的信号增益系数较大，进而使得听感上低频充足，饱满，音质较好；而在音量较大的情况下，均衡器可以使得低频的信号增益系数较小，进而避免扬声器的振幅过大而引起的破音。
图16是根据本申请一些实施例所示的示例性声学输出装置的示意图。如图16所示，声学输出装置1600可以与图15中所示的声学输出装置1500相似。例如，声学输出装置1600可以包括信号处理电路1610和扬声器组件1620。又例如，信号处理电路1610可以包括均衡器。更多关于均衡器的描述可以参见本说明书的其他地方(例如，图15及其描述)。
信号处理电路1610可以包括两个或多个均衡器(例如，均衡器1612-1、均衡器1612-2、均衡器1612-3、均衡器1612-4等)。每个均衡器可以具有不同的均衡参数。换句话说，各个均衡器对相同信号的均衡效果不同。例如，均衡器1612-1对音频信号中200Hz-500Hz频段的信号增益系数可以大于其对2kHz-3kHz频段的信号增益系数。又例如，均衡 器1612-2对音频信号中400Hz-1kHz频段的信号增益系数可以大于其对3kHz-4.5kHz频段的信号增益系数。
信号处理电路1610还可以包括音量监控模块1616。当信号处理电路1610从音频信号源(例如，手机)接收到音频信号后，音量监控模块1616可以结合音频信号及声学输出装置1600的音量设置，确定声学输出装置1600的音量状态。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置1600的每个音量状态可以对应一个均衡器。信号处理电路1610可以根据声学输出装置1600的音量状态选择相应的均衡器来对音频信号进行均衡处理。例如，在音量较小的情况下，可以调用低频较多的均衡器(即对低频信号增益系数较大)，使得听感上低频充足、饱满，音质较好。又例如，在音量较大的情况下，可以调用低频稍小的均衡器，以限制扬声器组件1620的振幅不至于过大而引起破音或者不佳的振动感体验。
在一些实施例中，当音量监控模块1616无法监控声学输出装置1600的音量状态时，可以利用默认均衡器作为该音频信号对应的均衡器进行均衡处理并更新该音频信号。音量监控模块1616可以再次根据更新的音频信号，确定声学输出装置1600的音量状态，直至声学输出装置1600的音量状态为已知的音量状态。信号处理电路1610可以根据已知的音量状态，选择其相对应的均衡器进行均衡处理。
应当注意以上对声学输出装置的描述旨在说明，而不是限制本申请的范围。许多替代、修改和变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。本文描述的示例性实施例的特征、结构、方法和其他特征可以以各种方式组合以获得附加和/或替代示例性实施例。例如，声学输出装置1600还可以包括防水衬板，以用于改善声学输出装置1600的防水防尘性能。又例如，当用户佩戴声学输出装置1600时，扬声器组件1620可以倾斜设置在用户皮肤之上。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述发明披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或 “一替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
此外，本领域技术人员可以理解，本申请的各方面可以通过若干具有可专利性的种类或情况进行说明和描述，包括任何新的和有用的工序、机器、产品或物质的组合或对他们的任何新的和有用的改进。相应地，本申请的各个方面可以完全由硬件执行、可以完全由软件(包括固件、常驻软件、微码等)执行、也可以由硬件和软件组合执行。以上硬件或软件均可被称为“数据块”、“模块”、“引擎”、“单元”、“组件”或“系统”。此外，本申请的各方面可能表现为位于一个或多个计算机可读介质中的计算机产品，该产品包括计算机可读程序编码。
此外，除非权利要求中明确说明，本申请处理元素和序列的顺序、数字字母的使用或其他名称的使用，并非用于限定本申请流程和方法的顺序。尽管上述披露中通过各种示例讨论了一些目前认为有用的发明实施例，但应当理解的是，该类细节仅起到说明的目的，附加的权利要求并不仅限于披露的实施例，相反，权利要求旨在覆盖所有符合本申请实施例实质和范围的修正和等价组合。例如，虽然以上所描述的系统组件可以通过硬件设备实现，但是也可以只通过软件的解决方案得以实现，如在现有的服务器或移动设备上安装所描述的系统。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本申请披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本申请实施例的描述中，有时会将多种特征归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本申请对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
一些实施例中使用了描述成分、属性数量的数字，应当理解的是，此类用于实施例描述的数字，在一些示例中使用了修饰词“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”来修饰。除非另外说明，“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”表明所述数字允许有±20％的变化。相应地，在一些实施例中，说明书和权利要求中使用的数值参数均为近似值，该近似值根据个别实施例所需特点可以发生改变。在一些实施例中，数值参数应考虑规定的有效数位并采用一般位数保留的方法。尽管本申请一些实施例中用于确认其范围广度的数值域和参数为近似值，在具体实施例中，此类数值的设定在可行范围内尽可能精确。
针对本申请引用的每个专利、专利申请、专利申请公开物和其他材料，如文章、书籍、说明书、出版物、文档等，特此将其全部内容并入本申请作为参考。与本申请内容不一致或产生冲突的申请历史文件除外，对本申请权利要求最广范围有限制的文件(当前或之后附加于本申请中的)也除外。需要说明的是，如果本申请附属材料中的描述、定义、和/或术语的使用与本申请所述内容有不一致或冲突的地方，以本申请的描述、定义和/或术语的使用为准。
最后，应当理解的是，本申请中所述实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本申请的范围。因此，作为示例而非限制，本申请实施例的替代配置可视为与本申请的教导一致。相应地，本申请的实施例不仅限于本申请明确介绍和描述的实施例。

Claims (30)

  1. 一种声学输出装置，包括扬声器组件，所述扬声器组件包括：
    换能装置；
    振膜，所述振膜在所述换能装置的带动下振动以产生气导声波；以及
    壳体，所述壳体形成用于容纳所述换能装置和所述振膜的容置腔，所述振膜分隔所述容置腔以形成第一腔室和第二腔室，所述壳体上设置有与所述第二腔室连通的出声孔，所述气导声波经所述出声孔向所述声学输出装置外部传输，其中，
    所述壳体上设置有与所述出声孔连通的导声通道，以用于向所述声学输出装置外部的目标方向引导所述气导声波，所述导声通道的长度小于或等于7mm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述导声通道的长度在2mm-5mm范围之内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述导声通道的横截面积大于或等于4.8mm 2。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述导声通道的横截面积沿所述气导声波的传输方向逐渐增大。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述导声通道的入口端的横截面积大于或者等于10mm 2。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述导声通道的出口端的横截面积大于或者等于15mm 2。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述导声通道的体积与所述第二腔室的体积的比值在0.05-0.9范围之内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第二腔室的体积小于或者等于400mm 3。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述导声通道的通道壁包括曲面结构。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述导声通道的出口端盖设有声阻网，所述声阻网的孔隙率大于或者等于13％。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述壳体包括皮肤接触区域，所述皮肤接触区域在所述换能装置的带动下振动并产生骨导声波。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述振膜与所述换能装置或所述壳体中的至少一个物理连接，所述振膜相对于所述换能装置或所述壳体中的至少一个相对运动以产生所述气导声波。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述换能装置包括：
    磁路组件，用于提供磁场；
    线圈，用于响应于接收到的音频信号在所述磁场的作用下产生振动；以及
    线圈支架，用于支撑所述线圈，所述线圈支架的至少一部分沿所述壳体振动方向的垂直方向从所述壳体的侧向外露；
    所述声学输出装置还包括：
    导声部件，包括所述导声通道和凹陷区，当所述导声部件与所述壳体物理连接时，所述线圈支架位于所述凹陷区内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述壳体和所述导声部件中的一者上设置有接插孔，所述壳体和所述导声部件中的另一者上设置有接插柱，所述接插柱插置固定在所述接插孔内。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，经所述出声孔输出的所述气导声波具有第一谐振峰，所述声学输出装置还包括：
    亥姆霍兹共振腔，所述亥姆霍兹共振腔包括共振腔体和至少一个共振腔口，以用于削弱所述气导声波的所述第一谐振峰。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述至少一个共振腔口设置于所述第二腔室的侧壁上。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述至少一个共振腔口处于打开状态时的所述第一谐振峰的峰值谐振强度与所述至少一个共振腔口处于关闭状态时的所述第一谐振峰的峰值谐振强度之间的差值大于或者等于3dB。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述亥姆霍兹共振腔同时连通所述第一腔室和所述第二腔室，连通所述第一腔室的共振腔口的面积大于或者等于连通所述第二腔室的共振腔口的面积。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述至少一个共振腔口处设有声阻网，所述声阻网的孔隙率大于或者等于3％。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述壳体包括第一壳体和第二壳体，所述第一壳体构成所述第一腔室的至少一部分，且具有第一谐振频率，所述第二壳体构成所述第二腔室的至少一部分，且具有第二谐振频率，所述第一谐振频率小于所述第二谐振频率。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第二谐振频率小于或等于2
    kHz。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第二谐振频率小于或等于1kHz。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的声学输出装置，其中，
    当所述第一壳体的振动频率介于20Hz至150Hz之间时，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间的相位差介于-π/3至+π/3之间；以及
    当所述第一壳体的振动频率介于2kHz至4kHz之间时，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间的相位差介于2π/3至4π/3之间。
  24. 根据权利要求11所述的声学输出装置，其中，在所述声学输出装置处于佩戴的状态下，所述皮肤接触区域的第一区域与用户的皮肤接触以在所述换能装置的带动下振动并产生所述骨导声波，所述皮肤接触区域的第二区域相对于所述用户的皮肤不接触。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第二区域与所述用户的皮肤之间的夹角在0°-45°范围之间。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第二区域与所述用户的皮肤之间的夹角在10°-30°范围之间。
  27. 根据权利要求24所述的声学输出装置，还包括：
    支撑组件，所述支撑组件的一端与所述壳体连接，用于支撑所述扬声器组件，其中，所述第二区域相较于所述第一区域远离所述支撑组件。
  28. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，还包括：
    信号处理电路，所述信号处理电路用于将音频信号转换成所述换能装置的驱动信号，其中，所述信号处理电路对所述音频信号的第一频段的信号增益系数大于其对第二频段的信号增益系数，所述第二频段高于所述第一频段。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的声学输出装置，其中，所述第一频段至少包括500Hz，所述第二频段至少包括3.5kHz或者4.5kHz。
  30. 根据权利要求28所述的声学输出装置，其中，经所述出声孔输出的所述气导声波具有第一谐振峰，所述第一谐振峰的峰值谐振频率位于所述第二频段内，或者高于所述第二频段。
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