WO2022210654A1 - 集電体用鋼箔、電極、及び、電池 - Google Patents
集電体用鋼箔、電極、及び、電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022210654A1 WO2022210654A1 PCT/JP2022/015309 JP2022015309W WO2022210654A1 WO 2022210654 A1 WO2022210654 A1 WO 2022210654A1 JP 2022015309 W JP2022015309 W JP 2022015309W WO 2022210654 A1 WO2022210654 A1 WO 2022210654A1
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- Prior art keywords
- steel foil
- current collector
- plating layer
- electrode mixture
- electrode
- Prior art date
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 162
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 273
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 142
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 64
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 35
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016347 CuSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
- H01M4/662—Alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
- H01M4/0452—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation from solutions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a current collector steel foil used for a battery electrode, an electrode using the current collector steel foil, and a battery using the electrode.
- secondary battery means, for example, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, an aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and an all-solid secondary battery.
- a battery includes an electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte.
- the electrode has a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Both the positive electrode and the negative electrode have an electrode mixture layer formed on a current collector.
- a current collector is a base material of an electrode.
- the electrode mixture layer is a layer containing an active material and a binder.
- the current collector has a function of supplying current to the active material and a function of retaining the active material.
- Metal foils have so far been used as current collectors. Specifically, for example, lithium ion batteries currently use copper foil as a negative electrode current collector and aluminum foil as a positive electrode current collector.
- An active material means a material that can occlude and release ions of an electrolyte.
- lithium ion batteries currently use a graphite-based carbon material as a negative electrode active material and an oxide represented by LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material.
- the binder has a function of binding the active materials together and the active material and the current collector.
- the binder is, for example, resin.
- the separator is placed as an insulator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to prevent electrical short circuits from occurring.
- lithium ion batteries currently use porous organic films as separators.
- the electrolyte exchanges ions with the positive and negative electrodes.
- liquid electrolytic solutions but also solid electrolytes have been developed.
- batteries are required to be further miniaturized and have improved performance. Therefore, based on miniaturization and performance improvement, the current collector is required to have higher strength than the copper foil and the aluminum foil. Therefore, attention has been paid to steel foil, which is an iron-based metal foil, which is superior in strength and heat resistance to copper foil and aluminum foil as a base material for current collectors.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2012-33470 (Patent Document 1) and International Publication No. 2013/157598 (Patent Document 2) propose a steel foil for a current collector.
- the steel foil disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a core material (base material) made of steel, and has a copper coating layer with an average film thickness t Cu of 0.02 to 5.0 ⁇ m per side on both sides. This steel foil has an average thickness t of 3 to 100 ⁇ m and a t Cu /t of 0.3 or less. Patent Document 1 discloses that this steel foil can provide a negative electrode current collector having higher strength and durability.
- the steel foil disclosed in Patent Document 2 has, in mass %, C: 0.0001 to 0.02%, Si: 0.001 to 0.01%, Mn: 0.01 to 0.3%, P: 0.001 to 0.02%, S: 0.0001 to 0.01%, Al: 0.0005 to 0.1%, and N: 0.0001 to 0.004%, and the balance: Fe and impurities.
- This steel foil further has a thickness of 5-15 ⁇ m and a tensile strength of more than 900-1200 MPa.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that this steel foil is lightweight and economical, and that this steel foil can provide a steel foil for a negative electrode current collector that achieves both strength and electrical resistance.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a light-weight and high-strength current collector can be obtained by using steel foil.
- the adhesion to the electrode mixture layer may deteriorate.
- the electrode mixture layer tends to separate from the steel foil for current collector.
- the electrode comprising the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer cannot sufficiently exhibit its function.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not consider the adhesion between the steel foil and the electrode mixture layer.
- the current collector steel foil in the electrode has the function of supplying current to the active material of the electrode mixture layer.
- the electromotive force of the battery may be lowered.
- the electrode may generate heat during use as a battery, shortening the life of the battery. Therefore, the electrical conductivity of the electrode obtained by forming the electrode mixture layer on the surface of the steel foil for current collector is preferably high.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not discuss the electrical conductivity of an electrode obtained by forming an electrode mixture layer on the surface of a steel foil for a current collector.
- An object of the present disclosure is to use a steel foil for a current collector that has high adhesion to an electrode mixture layer and can increase electrical conductivity when the electrode mixture layer is formed on the surface, and a steel foil for the current collector. and a battery using the electrode.
- the steel foil for current collector according to the present disclosure is A substrate and a Ni plating layer formed on the surface of the substrate,
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the surface of the Ni plating layer is defined as Ra
- the average distance between peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer and specified by line roughness analysis is defined as D
- the Ni plating When the average radius of curvature of peaks formed on the surface of the layer and identified by surface roughness analysis is defined as r, Ra ⁇ D is 0.060 to 0.400 ⁇ m 2 , r is 0.010 to 0.500 ⁇ m.
- An electrode according to the present disclosure comprises: the steel foil for current collector; and an electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the steel foil for current collector.
- a battery according to the present disclosure comprises: the electrode; a separator; an electrolyte;
- the current collector steel foil according to the present disclosure has high adhesion to the electrode mixture layer, and high electrical conductivity when the electrode mixture layer is formed on the surface.
- the electrode according to the present disclosure has high adhesion between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer, and high electrical conductivity.
- FIG. 1 shows the average distance D ( ⁇ m 2 ) and the penetration resistance (relative value), which is an index of the electrical conductivity of the current collector steel foil on which the electrode mixture layer is formed.
- FIG. 2 shows the average curvature radius r ( ⁇ m) of the peak formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer of the current collector steel foil in this example and specified by surface roughness analysis, and the electrode of the current collector steel foil.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship with peel strength (N/m), which is an index of adhesion to the mixture layer.
- the present inventors have found a means for increasing the electrical conductivity of the current collector steel foil on which the electrode mixture layer is formed by increasing the adhesion to the electrode mixture layer when using a steel foil as the current collector. was considered. As a result, the following findings were obtained.
- Steel foil often has a smoother surface than other metal foils.
- steel foil produced by cold rolling has a very smooth surface.
- the present inventors considered that due to the high degree of smoothness of the surface, the steel foil tends to have lower adhesion to the electrode mixture layer than other metal foils. That is, by roughening the surface of the steel foil, there is a possibility that the adhesion to the electrode mixture layer can be enhanced. Accordingly, the present inventors have studied forming a film on the surface of a steel foil (base material) to produce a steel foil for current collector with a rough surface.
- the electrode mixture layer contains a binder represented by resin. Binders typically have low electrical conductivity. Therefore, in the interface between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer, it is difficult for current to flow in the region where the binder is present. That is, contact resistance may occur at the interface between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer. If the contact resistance generated at the interface between the steel foil for current collector and the electrode mixture layer increases, the electrical conductivity of the electrode obtained by forming the electrode mixture layer on the surface of the steel foil for current collector decreases. .
- the present inventors have made detailed studies on means for roughening the surface of the current collector steel foil without impairing the electrical conductivity of the electrode. As a result, the present inventors have found that it is possible to achieve both adhesion and electrical conductivity by forming a Ni plating layer having an uneven surface.
- the electrode mixture layer will enter the uneven shape, making it difficult for the electrode mixture layer to separate from the current collector steel foil. That is, there is a possibility that the adhesion of the current collector steel foil to the electrode mixture layer can be enhanced. Furthermore, it is considered that the uneven shape increases the surface area of contact between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer. As a result, the amount of the active material in contact with the current collector steel foil increases, possibly reducing the contact resistance that occurs at the interface between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer. Furthermore, by forming a Ni-plated layer on the surface of the base material, it is possible to suppress the formation of an oxide film on the surface of the base material made of steel. In other words, there is a possibility that the electrical conductivity of the electrode produced from the current collector steel foil can be enhanced.
- the present inventors produced various steel foils for current collectors in which a Ni plating layer having an uneven shape was formed on the surface of a base material, and found that the adhesion of the steel foils for current collectors to the electrode mixture layer and the electrode The electrical conductivity of the steel foil for current collector on which the mixture layer was formed was evaluated.
- it is not sufficient to simply increase the roughness of the surface of the Ni plating layer, but it is necessary to control the shape of the surface of the Ni plating layer. proved to be effective.
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the surface of the Ni plating layer is It has been clarified that the height Ra, the average distance D between peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer, and the average radius of curvature r of the peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer should be controlled.
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the surface of the Ni plating layer is defined as Ra
- the peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer and specified by line roughness analysis When the average distance between is defined as D, and the average curvature radius of the peak formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer and specified by surface roughness analysis is defined as r, Ra ⁇ D is 0.060 to 0.400 ( ⁇ m 2 ), and if r is 0.010 to 0.500 ( ⁇ m), the adhesion of the steel foil for the current collector to the electrode mixture layer and the current collector on which the electrode mixture layer is formed It was found that the electrical conductivity of the steel foil is enhanced. This point will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between Ra ⁇ D ( ⁇ m 2 ) and penetration resistance (relative value), which is an index of electrical conductivity, in this example.
- FIG. 1 shows Ra ⁇ D ( ⁇ m 2 ) and penetration resistance (relative value), which is an index of electrical conductivity, for an example in which a Ni plating layer was formed on the surface of the steel foil among the examples described later. Created using The penetration resistance (relative value) was obtained by the method described later. A lower penetration resistance indicates a higher electrical conductivity.
- Ra ⁇ D is set to 0.060 ( ⁇ m 2 ) or more.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between r ( ⁇ m) in this example and peel strength (N/m), which is an index of adhesion.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which a Ni plating layer was formed on the surface of the steel foil among the examples described later, using r ( ⁇ m) and peel strength (N / m), which is an index of adhesion. Created. The peel strength (N/m) was obtained by the method described later. Higher peel strength indicates higher adhesion.
- r is set to 0.500 ( ⁇ m) or less.
- the steel foil for a current collector includes a base material and a Ni plating layer formed on the surface of the base material, and the surface of the Ni plating layer has Ra ⁇ D of 0.060 to 0.060. 400 ( ⁇ m 2 ) and r is 0.010 to 0.500 ( ⁇ m).
- the current collector steel foil according to the present embodiment has high adhesion to the electrode mixture layer, and the current collector steel foil on which the electrode mixture layer is formed has high electrical conductivity.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the Ni plating layer is an index indicating the size of unevenness on the surface of the Ni plating layer. That is, the larger the arithmetic mean roughness Ra, the larger the unevenness formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer on average.
- the average distance D between peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer is an index indicating the density of unevenness in the uneven shape of the surface of the Ni plating layer. That is, the smaller the average distance D between peaks, the denser the irregularities formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer.
- the present inventors presume that the electrical conductivity of the steel foil for current collector on which the electrode mixture layer is formed may decrease even if the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the Ni plating layer is large. ing.
- the average curvature radius r of the peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer is an index that indicates the sharpness of the irregularities on the surface of the Ni plating layer. Even if the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the Ni plating layer is large, if the average curvature radius r of the peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer is too large, a sufficient anchoring effect for the electrode mixture layer cannot be obtained. there is a possibility. As a result, the present inventors speculate that even if the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the Ni plating layer is large, sufficient adhesion to the electrode mixture layer may not be obtained.
- the present inventors presume that by controlling the above, the adhesion to the electrode mixture layer is enhanced, and furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the steel foil for current collector on which the electrode mixture layer is formed is enhanced. Note that not only the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the Ni plating layer surface but also the average distance D between peaks formed on the Ni plating layer surface and the peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer are determined by a mechanism different from the above mechanism.
- the steel foil for a current collector according to the present embodiment has Ra ⁇ D of 0.060 to 0.400 ( ⁇ m 2 ) and r of 0.010 to 0.500 on the surface of the Ni plating layer. ( ⁇ m), the adhesiveness to the electrode mixture layer is high, and furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the steel foil for current collector on which the electrode mixture layer is formed is high.
- the gist of the current collector steel foil, the electrode, and the battery according to the present embodiment completed based on the above knowledge is as follows.
- a steel foil for a current collector A substrate and a Ni plating layer formed on the surface of the substrate,
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the surface of the Ni plating layer is defined as Ra
- the average distance between peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer and specified by line roughness analysis is defined as D
- the Ni plating When the average radius of curvature of peaks formed on the surface of the layer and identified by surface roughness analysis is defined as r, Ra ⁇ D is 0.060 to 0.400 ⁇ m 2 , r is 0.010 to 0.500 ⁇ m, Steel foil for current collector.
- a steel foil for a current collector according to this embodiment includes a substrate and a Ni plating layer formed on the surface of the substrate.
- the term "steel foil” used herein means a steel plate with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the current collector steel foil according to the present embodiment is 50 ⁇ m or less. The thinner the steel foil for current collector, the higher the energy density of the battery using the electrode manufactured using the steel foil for current collector. However, if the current collector steel foil is too thin, it becomes difficult to manufacture the current collector steel foil.
- the substrate is an iron-based metal foil (steel foil).
- iron (Fe) has the largest content.
- the substrate may be carbon steel foil or stainless steel foil.
- the type of stainless steel is not particularly limited.
- it may be a ferritic stainless steel foil, a martensitic stainless steel foil, or an austenitic stainless steel foil.
- It may be a ferrite-martensite duplex stainless steel foil, or a ferrite-austenite duplex stainless steel foil.
- the preferred upper limit of the thickness of the substrate is 45 ⁇ m, more preferably 40 ⁇ m, still more preferably 35 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 30 ⁇ m.
- the preferred lower limit of the thickness of the substrate is 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 5 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably between 5 and 30 ⁇ m.
- the base material can be stably manufactured, and the energy density is further increased in the battery using the electrode manufactured using the base material.
- Ni plating layer In the current collector steel foil according to this embodiment, a Ni plating layer is formed on the surface of the base material.
- the chemical composition of the Ni plating layer consists of Ni and impurities.
- the thickness of the Ni plating layer is not particularly limited. The thickness of the Ni plating layer is, for example, 1-20 ⁇ m. If the Ni plating layer is too thick, the steel foil for current collector will be too thick, which goes against the industrial demand for downsizing of secondary batteries. On the other hand, if the Ni plating layer is too thin, it becomes difficult to form a uniform Ni plating layer on the surface of the substrate. Therefore, in this embodiment, the preferable thickness of the Ni plating layer is 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the Ni plating layer according to this embodiment can be determined by the fluorescent X-ray test method specified in JIS H 8501 (1999).
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the surface of the Ni plating layer is defined as Ra
- the average distance between peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer and specified by line roughness analysis is defined as D
- Ni When the average curvature radius of the peak formed on the surface of the plating layer and specified by surface roughness analysis is defined as r, Ra ⁇ D is 0.060 to 0.400 ⁇ m 2 , and r is 0.010 to 0. .500 ⁇ m. Ra ⁇ D and r will be described below.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the Ni plating layer is an index indicating the size of unevenness on the surface of the Ni plating layer. As Ra increases, unevenness on the surface of the Ni plating layer increases on average. Therefore, it is considered that the larger the Ra, the larger the contact surface area between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer. If the contact surface area between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer is increased, the contact resistance generated at the interface between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer can be reduced. As a result, the electrical conductivity of the electrode having the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer is enhanced.
- Ra is preferably large.
- Ra is not particularly limited as long as Ra ⁇ D satisfies the range described later, but is, for example, 0.02 ⁇ m or more.
- a preferable lower limit of Ra is 0.03 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.04 ⁇ m.
- a preferable upper limit of Ra is not particularly limited.
- the upper limit of Ra on the surface of the Ni plating layer is preferably 0.50 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of production cost and productivity.
- the average distance D between peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer is an index indicating the density of unevenness in the uneven shape of the surface of the Ni plating layer.
- D is preferably as small as possible.
- D is not particularly limited as long as Ra ⁇ D satisfies the range described later, but is, for example, 2.50 ⁇ m or less.
- a preferred upper limit for D is 2.30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2.00 ⁇ m.
- a preferable lower limit of D is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of D on the surface of the Ni plating layer is, for example, 0.50 ⁇ m.
- Ra ⁇ D is set to 0.060 to 0.400 ⁇ m 2 on the surface of the Ni plating layer. If Ra ⁇ D is too small, as described above, it may be difficult for the electrode mixture layer to enter the irregularities formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer. As a result, a gap is formed between the Ni plating layer and the electrode mixture layer, and the surface area of contact between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer may rather become smaller. As a result, even if the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the Ni plating layer is large, the electrical conductivity of the current collector steel foil on which the electrode mixture layer is formed is lowered.
- Ra ⁇ D is set to 0.060 to 0.400 ⁇ m 2 on the surface of the Ni plating layer.
- a preferable upper limit of Ra ⁇ D is 0.380 ⁇ m 2 , more preferably 0.360 ⁇ m 2 , still more preferably 0.330 ⁇ m 2 , still more preferably 0.300 ⁇ m 2 .
- a preferable lower limit of Ra ⁇ D is 0.070 ⁇ m 2 , more preferably 0.080 ⁇ m 2 .
- the average radius of curvature r of the peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer is an index indicating the sharpness of the irregularities on the surface of the Ni plating layer.
- r is set to 0.010 to 0.500 ⁇ m.
- a preferable lower limit of r is 0.012 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.015 ⁇ m.
- a preferable upper limit of r is 0.450 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.400 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the Ni plating layer has Ra ⁇ D of 0.060 to 0.400 ⁇ m 2 and r of 0.010 to 0.500 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the surface of the Ni plating layer is defined as Ra, formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer, and specified by line roughness analysis.
- An average distance between peaks is defined as D, and an average radius of curvature of peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer and specified by surface roughness analysis is defined as r.
- Ra, D, and r can be specified by the following method.
- line roughness analysis is performed on the surface of the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment to obtain a roughness curve.
- the cross-sectional curve for obtaining the roughness curve is obtained using a method based on JIS B 0601 (2013).
- the surface of the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment is subjected to line roughness measurement using a shape measuring laser microscope.
- the shape measuring laser microscope is not particularly limited, but for example, a product name: shape measuring laser microscope VK-X100 manufactured by Keyence Corporation can be used.
- the magnification is 2000 times.
- the evaluation length is not particularly limited, it is set to 100 to 150 ⁇ m, for example.
- a cross-sectional curve is obtained from the results of line roughness measurement in accordance with JIS B 0601 (2013).
- a roughness curve is obtained by applying a filter with a reference length of 8 ⁇ m to the obtained profile curve.
- the direction in which the line roughness is measured is parallel to the rolling direction of the base material.
- the rolling direction of the substrate is specified by microscopically observing the surface of the steel foil for current collector.
- the direction in which the line roughness measurement is performed may not be the rolling direction.
- the average of the displacements from the average line is obtained and taken as the arithmetic average roughness Ra ( ⁇ m) of the surface of the Ni plating layer.
- the portion above the average line (in the direction from the steel foil for current collector to the space side) of the obtained roughness curve is defined as "mountain”.
- the point having the maximum height is defined as "peak”.
- Count the number of peaks identified.
- the evaluation length is divided by the number of peaks to obtain an average distance D ( ⁇ m) between peaks formed on the Ni plating layer.
- the surface roughness of the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment is measured using a shape measuring laser microscope.
- the shape measuring laser microscope is not particularly limited, but for example, a product name: shape measuring laser microscope VK-X100 manufactured by Keyence Corporation can be used.
- the magnification is 2000 times.
- the evaluation area is not particularly limited, it is set to 10000 ⁇ m 2 , for example.
- a measurement surface is obtained from the result of surface roughness measurement by a method conforming to ISO 25178:2012. Note that the reference length is 25 ⁇ m.
- the part above the reference surface (direction from the steel foil for current collector to the space side) is defined as “mountain”.
- the point having the maximum height is defined as “peak”.
- An arithmetic mean value of the obtained curvature radii is obtained and taken as an average curvature radius r ( ⁇ m) of the peaks formed on the Ni plating layer surface.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the Ni plating layer surface is measured in accordance with JIS B 0601 (2013) at a magnification of 2000 and obtained by applying a filter with a reference length of 8 ⁇ m. defined as the mean deviation from the mean line in the measured roughness curve.
- the average distance D between peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer and specified by line roughness analysis is measured at a magnification of 2000 in accordance with JIS B 0601 (2013), and the reference length
- the part above the average line is defined as "mountain”
- the point having the maximum height of each mountain is defined as “mountain”. Defined as the average distance.
- the average curvature radius r of the peaks formed on the surface of the Ni plating layer and specified by surface roughness analysis is measured at a magnification of 2000 in accordance with ISO 25178:2012, and the reference length is 25 ⁇ m. Defined as the arithmetic mean value of the radius of curvature of the peak when the part above the reference surface is the "peak” and the point with the maximum height of each peak is the "peak" on the measurement surface obtained as .
- the steel foil for current collector according to this embodiment may further have a plating layer on the surface of the substrate.
- the surface of the substrate has a Ni plating layer.
- the formation of an oxide film on the substrate surface is suppressed, and the electrical conductivity of the current collector steel foil is further enhanced.
- the adhesion between the substrate and the Ni plating layer is further enhanced.
- the electrode according to the present embodiment includes the above steel foil for current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the steel foil for current collector.
- the electrode according to this embodiment may be a positive electrode or a negative electrode. That is, it is not particularly limited as long as it includes the above steel foil for current collector and the electrode mixture layer.
- the electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited as long as it has a well-known configuration.
- the electrode mixture layer contains an active material and a binder.
- the electrode mixture layer may contain a composition other than the active material and the binder.
- the electrode mixture layer contains, for example, a conductive aid. Conductive aids help improve electronic conductivity.
- the active material is not particularly limited, and known active materials can be used.
- the active material is powder particles that do not dissolve in the electrolyte described below.
- the negative electrode active material may be, for example, a carbon-based material typified by graphite, an alloy material typified by a CuSn alloy or a NiTiSi alloy, or a Si-based material typified by SiO. It can be material.
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, lithium cobaltate, a ternary material, lithium manganate, or lithium iron phosphate, It may be high nickel. That is, both the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material may have well-known configurations, and are not particularly limited.
- the binder is not particularly limited, and known binders can be used.
- the binder may be, for example, a water-insoluble resin that is insoluble in the solvent used in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery, a water-soluble resin, or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- Resins that are water-insoluble and insoluble in solvents used in non-aqueous electrolytes of batteries include, for example, polyimide (PI), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE).
- Water-soluble resins include, for example, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- the electrode according to this embodiment includes the above-described current collector steel foil and a well-known electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the current collector steel foil. As a result, the electrode according to the present embodiment has high adhesion between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer, and high electrical conductivity.
- a battery according to this embodiment includes the above-described electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte.
- the battery according to the present embodiment includes an electrode containing the steel foil for a current collector, other configurations may be well-known configurations, and are not particularly limited.
- the shape of the battery according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, and may be cylindrical, rectangular, coin-shaped, or sheet-shaped.
- the battery according to the present embodiment may be a secondary battery or a primary battery. When the battery according to the present embodiment is a secondary battery, it may be, for example, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, an aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, or an all-solid secondary battery.
- the separator is arranged as an insulator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to prevent electrical short circuits from occurring.
- the separator is not particularly limited, and known separators can be used.
- the separator may be, for example, a polyolefin material such as polypropylene, polyethylene, or a mixture thereof, or may be a porous body such as a glass filter.
- the electrolyte exchanges ions with the positive and negative electrodes.
- the electrolyte is not particularly limited, and known electrolytes can be used.
- the electrolyte may be a liquid electrolytic solution or a solid electrolyte.
- the battery according to this embodiment includes the above electrodes, a well-known separator, and a well-known electrolyte.
- the electrode according to the present embodiment has high adhesion between the current collector steel foil and the electrode mixture layer, and high electrical conductivity.
- the steel foil for current collector according to this embodiment has high adhesion to the electrode mixture layer.
- the adhesion of the current collector steel foil to the electrode mixture layer can be evaluated by the following method.
- a test piece is produced from the current collector steel foil according to this embodiment.
- the composition for the electrode mixture layer is applied to the steel foil for current collector and dried.
- the size of the current collector steel foil is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 210 mm long and 148 mm wide.
- the composition of the electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited, for example, NiTiSi alloy powder, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) are mixed at a ratio of 95:4:1 and kneaded. In this case, water is used as the solvent.
- the composition for the electrode mixture layer is applied to the test piece with an applicator having a coating width of 80 mm and a gap of 200 ⁇ m.
- the coating is applied so that the uncoated portion is 34 mm on each side.
- the applied composition is dried by heating at 75° C. for 20 minutes.
- a specimen is cut from the dried electrode.
- the size of the test piece is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 15 mm wide and 74 mm long (40 mm coated portion).
- a test piece having an electrode mixture layer formed thereon is produced by the above method.
- a region of the test piece where the electrode mixture layer is not formed is lifted vertically to peel off the electrode mixture layer.
- the speed at which the test piece is lifted is 50 mm/min.
- a force gauge is attached to the test piece to measure the peel strength (N/m). In the present embodiment, if the peel strength is 25.0 N/m or more, it can be evaluated that the current collector steel foil has high adhesion to the electrode mixture layer.
- the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment has high electrical conductivity when the electrode mixture layer is formed on the surface.
- the electrical conductivity of the current collector steel foil on which the electrode mixture layer is formed can be evaluated by the following method.
- An electrode mixture layer is formed on the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment in the same manner as in the test for evaluating adhesion described above.
- a test piece is produced from the current collector steel foil on which the electrode mixture layer is formed. Further, an electrode mixture layer is formed on a stainless steel foil having no Ni-plated layer in the same manner as in the test for evaluating adhesion, and a control test piece is prepared.
- the test piece and the control test piece shall have the same thickness.
- the sizes of the test piece and the control test piece are not particularly limited, they are circular with a diameter of 15 mm, for example.
- the resistance meter is not particularly limited, for example, a product name: resistance meter RM3544 manufactured by Hioki Electric Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the test piece is sandwiched between terminals made of Cu, and a load of 0.6 kgf/cm 2 is applied.
- the test piece is surrounded by an insulator, and the resistance value ( ⁇ ) of the test piece is determined using the above resistance meter.
- a similar test is performed on the control specimen.
- the ratio of the resistance ( ⁇ ) of the test specimen to the resistance ( ⁇ ) of the control specimen is defined as penetration resistance (relative value). In the present embodiment, if the penetration resistance (relative value) is 0.70 or less, it can be evaluated that the current collector steel foil on which the electrode mixture layer is formed has high electrical conductivity.
- the manufacturing method described below is an example for manufacturing the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment, and the method for manufacturing the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment includes the manufacturing method other than the manufacturing method described below. It may be a manufacturing method of. However, the manufacturing method described below is a preferred example of the manufacturing method of the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment.
- the method for manufacturing a steel foil for a current collector according to this embodiment includes a substrate preparation step and a Ni plating layer forming step.
- Base material preparation step In the base material preparation step, a base material for the current collector steel foil is prepared.
- a method for preparing the substrate is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used.
- the method of preparing the base material for example, an intermediate steel material having a desired chemical composition may be prepared, and the intermediate steel material may be cold-worked to prepare the base material. This case will be specifically described below.
- the intermediate steel material having the desired chemical composition can be appropriately set according to the mechanical properties of the base material to be obtained.
- the intermediate steel material means a steel plate having a thickness of several hundred ⁇ m to several mm.
- the intermediate steel material may be a stainless steel plate or a plated steel plate.
- the preferred cold working is cold rolling.
- Cold rolling can be performed using well-known equipment. For example, multiple reversible cold rolling mills may be used. In this case, the workability in cold rolling is not particularly limited.
- the degree of processing can be appropriately set according to the thickness of the base material to be obtained. Moreover, you may heat-process suitably with respect to the base material after cold rolling.
- the base material is prepared in the preparation process.
- the base material may be manufactured by the preferred steps described above, and the base material is manufactured by a third party, or other factories other than the factory where the Ni plating layer forming step described later is performed. You may prepare the base material manufactured by.
- the preparation process is not particularly limited in this embodiment, and a well-known method may be used.
- the base material may have a plating layer on its surface.
- cold rolling is preferably performed after forming the plated layer on the surface of the intermediate steel material.
- a thin plated layer can be formed on the surface of the substrate.
- a Ni plating layer is formed on the surface of the intermediate steel material.
- an intermediate steel material (thickness of several hundred ⁇ m) having a Ni plating layer is cold-rolled to obtain a base material having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or less.
- a method for forming the Ni plating layer is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used.
- Ni plating layer forming step a Ni plating layer is formed on the surface of the prepared base material. Specifically, the surface of the prepared base material is washed with alcohol. An alcohol is for example isopropanol.
- a plating solution for forming the Ni plating layer contains Ni(NH 2 SO 3 ) 2 and CaCl 2 . The concentration of Ni(NH 2 SO 3 ) 2 in the plating solution is 1.0-2.0 mol/L, and the concentration of CaCl 2 is 0.5-3.0 mol/L.
- the surface-cleaned substrate is immersed in a plating solution maintained at 40 to 80° C., and a current of 2 to 10 A/dm 2 is applied. At this time, the cathode is used as the base material, and the Ni steel plate is used as the anode. The time for which the current is applied is, for example, 10 to 120 seconds.
- a base plating layer is formed before the Ni plating layer forming step described above.
- the chemical composition of the base plating layer preferably consists of Ni and impurities. That is, preferably, the underlying Ni plating layer is formed before the above-described Ni plating layer forming step. In this case, the adhesion between the substrate and the Ni plating layer is enhanced.
- the base plated layer forming step is optionally performed. That is, the base plated layer forming step may not be performed. When implemented, it is performed after the preparation process and before the Ni plating layer forming process. Specifically, the surface of the prepared base material is washed with alcohol. An alcohol is for example isopropanol.
- the plating solution for forming the base plating layer contains NiSO4 and NiCl2 . The concentration of NiSO 4 in the plating solution is 1.3-1.9 mol/L, and the concentration of NiCl 2 is 0.3-0.6 mol/L.
- the surface-cleaned substrate is immersed in a plating solution maintained at 40 to 80° C., and a current of 2 to 10 A/dm 2 is applied.
- a current of 2 to 10 A/dm 2 is applied.
- the cathode is used as the base material
- the Ni steel plate is used as the anode.
- the time for which the current is applied is, for example, 10 to 120 seconds.
- the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment can be manufactured by the above steps.
- the manufacturing process described above is a preferred example for manufacturing the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment, and the method for manufacturing the steel foil for current collector according to the present embodiment includes: It is not limited to the methods described above.
- the electrode manufacturing method according to the present embodiment includes an electrode mixture preparation step and an electrode mixture layer formation step.
- Electrode mixture preparation step a composition for forming an electrode mixture layer is prepared.
- the composition for forming the electrode mixture may be prepared according to the electrode mixture layer to be obtained. For example, it is prepared by kneading an active material and a binder.
- the active material, the binder, and the conductive aid may be further kneaded to prepare.
- the active material, binder, and solvent may be further kneaded to prepare.
- the kneading method is appropriately adjusted according to the active material, binder, conductive aid, and solvent. That is, the electrode mixture preparation step may be performed by a well-known method.
- Electrode mixture layer forming step an electrode mixture layer is formed on the surface of the above steel foil for current collector.
- the composition for forming the kneaded electrode mixture is applied to the above steel foil for current collector.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used.
- a gapped applicator may be used to apply onto a current collector steel foil.
- it may be further sprayed using a spray and applied onto the current collector steel foil.
- composition applied on the steel foil for current collector is dried to form an electrode mixture layer.
- a drying method is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used. For example, it may be dried by heating at 75° C. for 20 minutes. For example, it may be further dried without heating.
- the electrode according to the present embodiment can be manufactured through the above steps.
- the manufacturing process described above is a preferable example for manufacturing the electrode according to the present embodiment, and the method for manufacturing the electrode according to the present embodiment is not limited to the above-described method.
- the method for manufacturing the battery according to this embodiment is not particularly limited.
- a battery according to the present embodiment is manufactured by a known method as a laminate in which the above-described electrode, separator, and counter electrode are laminated. The laminate is placed in a case to manufacture a battery.
- a base material for each test number shown in Table 1 was prepared.
- the size of the substrate for each test number was a rectangle of 297 mm long and 210 mm wide so that the longitudinal direction was parallel to the rolling direction.
- "Ni-plated steel foil” described in the "base material” column of Table 1 means a Ni-plated steel foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- the Ni-plated steel foil was prepared by cold-rolling a 100 ⁇ m-thick Ni-plated steel sheet.
- the base material of the Ni-plated steel foil was ultra-low carbon steel.
- "Stainless steel foil A” described in the "base material” column of Table 1 means a ferritic stainless steel foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and corresponding to SUS430 defined in JIS G 4305 (2012).
- "Stainless steel foil B” described in the "Base material” column of Table 1 means a ferritic stainless steel foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and corresponding to SUS444 defined in JIS G 4305 (2012).
- a base plating layer was formed on the substrates of some test numbers. Specifically, a base plating layer was formed on the base material of the test number described as "implementation” in the column “formation of base plating layer” in Table 1. Specifically, the surface of the substrate of the corresponding test number was washed with isopropanol for 30 seconds and then washed with pure water for 30 seconds. The washed substrate was immersed in a plating solution to form a base plating layer (Ni plating layer) having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m. The plating solution contained 1.9 mol/L of NiSO 4 and 0.4 mol/L of NiCl 2 .
- the temperature of the plating solution was set at 50° C., the current value was set at 5 A/dm 2 , and the current application time was set at 70 seconds.
- the test numbers indicated as "-" in the column "Formation of base plating layer” in Table 1 no base plating layer was formed on the substrate.
- a Ni plating layer was formed on the substrates of some test numbers. Specifically, a Ni-plated layer was formed on the base material of the test number described as "implemented" in the "Ni-plated layer formation” column of Table 1. Specifically, the surface of the base material of the corresponding test number (underlying plating layer surface) was washed with isopropanol for 30 seconds and then washed with pure water for 30 seconds. The washed substrate was immersed in a plating solution to form a Ni plating layer. The plating solution contained 1.5 mol/L of Ni(NH 2 SO 3 ) 2 and CaCl 2 at the concentrations shown in Table 1.
- the temperature of the plating solution was set to 60° C., the current value was set to 5 A/dm 2 , and the energization time was set as shown in Table 1.
- the test numbers with "-" in the column "Formation of Ni plating layer” in Table 1 no Ni plating layer was formed on the substrate.
- a Ni plating layer thickness measurement test, a surface roughness measurement test, an electrical conductivity evaluation test, and an adhesion evaluation test were conducted on the current collector steel foils of each test number manufactured as described above.
- Ni plating layer thickness measurement test The thickness of the Ni plating layer was obtained for the current collector steel foil of each test number. The thickness of the Ni plating layer was determined by a fluorescent X-ray test according to JIS H 8501 (1999). Table 2 shows the thickness of the Ni plating layer obtained for each test number.
- the steel foils for current collectors of test numbers 1 to 12 had a Ni plating layer formed on the surface of the base material, and had an Ra ⁇ D of 0.060 to 0.400 ⁇ m 2 . and r was 0.010 to 0.500 ⁇ m.
- the penetration resistance (relative value) was 0.70 or less, indicating high electrical conductivity.
- the peel strength was 25.0 N/m or more, indicating high adhesion.
- the steel foil for current collector of test number 13 had Ra ⁇ D of less than 0.060 ⁇ m 2 .
- the penetration resistance (relative value) exceeded 0.70, indicating no high electrical conductivity.
- the current collector steel foils of test numbers 16 and 17 had Ra ⁇ D of less than 0.060 ⁇ m 2 and r of more than 0.500 ⁇ m. As a result, the penetration resistance (relative value) exceeded 0.70, indicating no high electrical conductivity. As a result, the peel strength was less than 25.0 N/m and did not exhibit high adhesion.
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Abstract
Description
基材と、前記基材の表面上に形成されるNiめっき層とを備え、
前記Niめっき層の表面の算術平均粗さをRaと定義し、前記Niめっき層の前記表面に形成され、線粗さ解析によって特定される山頂間の平均距離をDと定義し、前記Niめっき層の前記表面に形成され、面粗さ解析によって特定される山頂の平均曲率半径をrと定義したとき、
Ra×Dが、0.060~0.400μm2であり、
rが、0.010~0.500μmである。
上記集電体用鋼箔と、
前記集電体用鋼箔の表面上に形成される電極合剤層と、を備える。
上記電極と、
セパレータと、
電解質と、を備える。
集電体用鋼箔であって、
基材と、前記基材の表面上に形成されるNiめっき層とを備え、
前記Niめっき層の表面の算術平均粗さをRaと定義し、前記Niめっき層の前記表面に形成され、線粗さ解析によって特定される山頂間の平均距離をDと定義し、前記Niめっき層の前記表面に形成され、面粗さ解析によって特定される山頂の平均曲率半径をrと定義したとき、
Ra×Dが、0.060~0.400μm2であり、
rが、0.010~0.500μmである、
集電体用鋼箔。
[1]に記載の集電体用鋼箔であって、
前記基材の平均厚さが5~30μmである、
集電体用鋼箔。
[1]又は[2]に記載の集電体用鋼箔と、
前記集電体用鋼箔の表面上に形成される電極合剤層と、を備える、
電極。
[3]に記載の電極と、
セパレータと、
電解質と、を備える、
電池。
本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔は、基材と、基材の表面上に形成されるNiめっき層とを備える。上述のとおり、本明細書において「鋼箔」とは、厚さ50μm以下の鋼板を意味する。要するに、本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔の厚さは、50μm以下である。集電体用鋼箔の厚さが薄いほど、当該集電体用鋼箔を用いて製造される電極を用いる電池のエネルギー密度が高まる。しかしながら、集電体用鋼箔が薄すぎれば、集電体用鋼箔の製造が困難になる。
本実施形態において、基材は鉄系の金属箔(鋼箔)である。つまり、基材の化学組成において、含有量が最も多いのは鉄(Fe)である。基材は、炭素鋼箔であってもよく、ステンレス鋼箔であってもよい。基材がステンレス鋼箔である場合、ステンレス鋼の種類は特に限定されず、たとえば、フェライト系ステンレス鋼箔であってもよく、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼箔であってもよく、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔であってもよく、フェライト-マルテンサイト系二相ステンレス鋼箔であってもよく、フェライト-オーステナイト系二相ステンレス鋼箔であってもよい。
本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔では、基材の表面上にNiめっき層が形成される。Niめっき層の化学組成は、Ni及び不純物からなる。Niめっき層の厚さは特に限定されない。Niめっき層の厚さはたとえば、1~20μmである。Niめっき層が厚すぎれば、集電体用鋼箔が厚くなりすぎ、二次電池の小型化という工業的な要請に逆行する。一方、Niめっき層が薄すぎれば、基材の表面上に均一なNiめっき層を形成するのが困難になる。したがって、本実施形態では、好ましいNiめっき層の厚さは1~20μmである。なお、本実施形態によるNiめっき層の厚さは、JIS H 8501(1999)に規定される蛍光X線式試験方法によって求めることができる。
Niめっき層の表面の算術平均粗さRaとは、Niめっき層表面の凹凸形状の大きさを示す指標である。Raが大きいほど、Niめっき層表面の凹凸が平均的に大きい。したがって、Raが大きいほど、集電体用鋼箔と電極合剤層との接触表面積が大きくなる傾向があると考えられる。集電体用鋼箔と電極合剤層との接触表面積が大きくなれば、集電体用鋼箔と電極合剤層との界面に生じる接触抵抗が低減できる。その結果、集電体用鋼箔と電極合剤層とを有する電極の電気伝導性が高まる。
Niめっき層の表面に形成される山頂の平均曲率半径rとは、Niめっき層表面の凹凸形状の鋭さを示す指標である。rが小さいほど、鋭い凹凸が形成されている。したがって、rが小さいほど、集電体用鋼箔の電極合剤層に対する密着性が高まる。したがって、本実施形態では、rを0.500μm以下とする。一方、rが小さすぎれば、集電体用鋼箔を製造する際、Niめっき層表面の凸部が折れる可能性がある。この場合、電極作成時に折れた凸部が電極合剤層に混入し、電池として所望の性能が十分に得られない場合がある。したがって、本実施形態では、rを0.010~0.500μmとする。rの好ましい下限は0.012μmであり、さらに好ましくは0.015μmである。rの好ましい上限は0.450μmであり、さらに好ましくは0.400μmである。
上述のとおり、本実施形態では、Niめっき層の表面上において、Niめっき層の表面の算術平均粗さをRaと定義し、Niめっき層の表面に形成され、線粗さ解析によって特定される山頂間の平均距離をDと定義し、Niめっき層の表面に形成され、面粗さ解析によって特定される山頂の平均曲率半径をrと定義する。
本実施形態による電極は、上述の集電体用鋼箔と、その集電体用鋼箔の表面上に形成される電極合剤層とを備える。本実施形態による電極は、正極であってもよく、負極であってもよい。すなわち、上述の集電体用鋼箔と、電極合剤層とを備えていれば、特に限定されない。
本実施形態では、電極合剤層は特に限定されず、周知の構成を有していればよい。電極合剤層は、活物質と、結着剤とを含む。なお、電極合剤層には、活物質及び結着剤以外の組成物を含有してもよい。電極合剤層はたとえば、導電助剤が含有される。導電助剤は、電子の導電性の向上を助ける。
本実施形態において、活物質は特に限定されず、周知の活物質を用いることができる。活物質は、後述する電解質に溶解しない粉末粒子である。電極が負極の場合、負極活物質はたとえば、黒鉛に代表される炭素系材料であってもよく、CuSn合金やNiTiSi合金に代表される合金材料であってもよく、SiOに代表されるSi系材料であってもよい。電極が正極の場合、正極活物質はたとえば、コバルト酸リチウムであってもよく、三元系材料であってもよく、マンガン酸リチウムであってもよく、リン酸鉄リチウムであってもよく、ハイニッケルであってもよい。つまり、正極活物質及び負極活物質はいずれも、周知の構成でよく、特に限定されない。
本実施形態において、結着剤は特に限定されず、周知の結着剤を用いることができる。結着剤はたとえば、非水溶性樹脂であって電池の非水系電解質に使用される溶媒に不溶な樹脂であってもよく、水溶性樹脂であってもよく、スチレンブタジエンラバー(SBR)であってもよい。非水溶性樹脂であって電池の非水系電解質に使用される溶媒に不溶な樹脂はたとえば、ポリイミド(PI)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、及び、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)が挙げられる。水溶性樹脂はたとえば、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)及びポリビニルアルコール(PVA)が挙げられる。
本実施形態による電池は、上述の電極と、セパレータと、電解質とを備える。本実施形態による電池は、上述の集電体用鋼箔を含む電極を備えていれば、その他の構成は周知の構成でよく、特に限定されない。本実施形態による電池の形状は、特に限定されず、円筒形であってもよく、角形であってもよく、コイン型であってもよく、シート型であってもよい。また、本実施形態による電池は、二次電池であってもよく、一次電池であってもよい。本実施形態による電池が二次電池である場合、たとえば、非水系電解質二次電池であってもよく、水系電解質二次電池であってもよく、及び全固体二次電池であってもよい。
セパレータは、正極と負極との間で絶縁体として配置され、電気的な短絡が生じるのを阻害する。本実施形態において、セパレータは特に限定されず、周知のセパレータを用いることができる。セパレータはたとえば、ポリオレフィン系材料であるポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、又はその両者の混合物であってもよく、ガラスフィルター等の多孔体であってもよい。
電解質は、正極及び負極とイオンをやり取りする。本実施形態において、電解質は特に限定されず、周知の電解質を用いることができる。電解質は、液体の電解液であってもよく、固体の電解質であってもよい。
本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔は、電極合剤層に対する密着性が高い。本実施形態では、集電体用鋼箔の電極合剤層に対する密着性は、次の方法で評価できる。
本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔は、電極合剤層を表面上に形成した場合、高い電気伝導性を有する。本実施形態では、電極合剤層を形成した集電体用鋼箔の電気伝導性は、次の方法で評価できる。
本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔の製造方法の一例を説明する。以下に説明する製造方法は、本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔を製造するための一例であって、本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔の製造方法は、以下に説明する製造方法以外の製造方法であってもよい。ただし、以下に説明する製造方法は、本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔の製造方法の好ましい一例である。本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔の製造方法は、基材準備工程と、Niめっき層形成工程とを備える。
基材準備工程では、集電体用鋼箔の基材を準備する。基材を準備する方法は特に限定されず、周知の方法でよい。基材を準備する方法は、たとえば、所望の化学組成を有する中間鋼材を準備して、中間鋼材を冷間加工して基材を準備してもよい。以下、この場合について、具体的に説明する。
Niめっき層形成工程では、準備された基材の表面上に、Niめっき層を形成する。具体的には、準備された基材の表面をアルコールで洗浄する。アルコールはたとえば、イソプロパノールである。Niめっき層を形成するためのめっき液は、Ni(NH2SO3)2と、CaCl2とを含有する。めっき液中のNi(NH2SO3)2の濃度は、1.0~2.0mol/Lであり、CaCl2の濃度は0.5~3.0mol/Lである。表面が洗浄された基材を、40~80℃に保持しためっき液に浸漬し、2~10A/dm2の電流を流す。このとき、陰極を基材とし、陽極にNi鋼板を用いる。電流を流す時間は、たとえば10~120秒である。
下地めっき層形成工程は、任意に実施される。すなわち、下地めっき層形成工程は、実施されなくてもよい。実施する場合、準備工程の後であって、Niめっき層形成工程の前に実施する。具体的には、準備された基材の表面をアルコールで洗浄する。アルコールはたとえば、イソプロパノールである。下地めっき層を形成するためのめっき液は、NiSO4と、NiCl2とを含有する。めっき液中のNiSO4の濃度は、1.3~1.9mol/Lであり、NiCl2の濃度は、0.3~0.6mol/Lである。表面が洗浄された基材を、40~80℃に保持しためっき液に浸漬し、2~10A/dm2の電流を流す。このとき、陰極を基材とし、陽極にNi鋼板を用いる。電流を流す時間は、たとえば10~120秒である。
本実施形態による集電体用鋼箔を用いた、電極の製造方法の一例は、次のとおりである。本実施形態による電極の製造方法は、電極合剤準備工程と、電極合剤層形成工程とを備える。
電極合剤準備工程では、電極合剤層を形成するための組成物を準備する。電極合剤を形成するための組成物は、得ようとする電極合剤層に応じて準備すればよい。たとえば、活物質と、結着剤とを混練して準備する。たとえばさらに、活物質と、結着剤と、導電助剤とを混練して準備してもよい。たとえばさらに、活物質と、結着剤と、溶媒とを混練して準備してもよい。混練の方法は、活物質、結着剤、導電助剤、及び、溶媒に応じて、適宜調整する。すなわち、電極合剤準備工程は、周知の方法で実施すればよい。
電極合剤層形成工程では、上述の集電体用鋼箔の表面上に、電極合剤層を形成する。具体的には、混練された電極合剤を形成するための組成物を、上述の集電体用鋼箔に塗布する。塗布する方法は特に限定されず、周知の方法でよい。たとえば、ギャップが設けられたアプリケータを用いて、集電体用鋼箔上に塗布してもよい。たとえばさらに、スプレーを用いて噴霧して、集電体用鋼箔上に塗布してもよい。
本実施形態による電池の製造方法は、特に限定されない。本実施形態による電池は、周知の方法により、上述の電極と、セパレータと、対極とを積層した積層物を製造する。積層物をケースに収め、電池を製造する。
各試験番号の集電体用鋼箔について、Niめっき層の厚さを求めた。Niめっき層の厚さは、JIS H 8501(1999)に準拠した蛍光X線式試験によって求めた。得られた各試験番号のNiめっき層の厚さを表2に示す。
各試験番号の集電体用鋼箔について、上述の方法で、Niめっき層表面の算術平均粗さRa(μm)と、Niめっき層表面に形成される山頂間の平均距離D(μm)と、Niめっき層表面に形成される山頂の平均曲率半径r(μm)とを求めた。線粗さ測定及び面粗さ測定は、株式会社キーエンス製の商品名:形状測定レーザマイクロスコープVK-X100を用いて実施した。線粗さ測定は、集電体用鋼箔の長手方向(圧延方向)に任意の3箇所で実施した。線粗さ測定から、上述の方法で得られた算術平均粗さRa、及び、山頂間の平均距離Dを求め、その算術平均値を用いた。面粗さ測定を上述の方法で実施して、得られた山頂の平均曲率半径rを求めた。得られた各試験番号のRa(μm)、D(μm)、r(μm)、及び、これらから求めたRa×D(μm2)を表2に示す。
各試験番号の集電体用鋼箔について、上述の方法で、電気伝導性を評価した。なお、試験片は試験番号ごとに3つずつ作製し、各試験片で3回ずつ貫通抵抗を求めた。得られた9つの貫通抵抗(相対値)の算術平均値を、各試験番号の貫通抵抗(相対値)とした。得られた各試験番号の貫通抵抗(相対値)を表2に示す。
各試験番号の集電体用鋼箔について、上述の方法で、電極合剤層に対する密着性を評価した。なお、試験片は試験番号ごとに4つずつ作製し、それぞれについて剥離強度(N/m)を求めた。得られた4つの剥離強度の算術平均値を、各試験番号の剥離強度(N/m)とした。得られた各試験番号の剥離強度(N/m)を表2に示す。
表1及び表2を参照して、試験番号1~12の集電体用鋼箔は、基材の表面上にNiめっき層が形成され、Ra×Dが0.060~0.400μm2を満たし、rが0.010~0.500μmを満たした。その結果、貫通抵抗(相対値)が0.70以下となり、高い電気伝導性を示した。その結果さらに、剥離強度が25.0N/m以上となり、高い密着性を示した。
Claims (4)
- 集電体用鋼箔であって、
基材と、前記基材の表面上に形成されるNiめっき層とを備え、
前記Niめっき層の表面の算術平均粗さをRaと定義し、前記Niめっき層の前記表面に形成され、線粗さ解析によって特定される山頂間の平均距離をDと定義し、前記Niめっき層の前記表面に形成され、面粗さ解析によって特定される山頂の平均曲率半径をrと定義したとき、
Ra×Dが、0.060~0.400μm2であり、
rが、0.010~0.500μmである、
集電体用鋼箔。 - 請求項1に記載の集電体用鋼箔であって、
前記基材の平均厚さが5~30μmである、
集電体用鋼箔。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の集電体用鋼箔と、
前記集電体用鋼箔の表面上に形成される電極合剤層と、を備える、
電極。 - 請求項3に記載の電極と、
セパレータと、
電解質と、を備える、
電池。
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US11760063B2 (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2023-09-19 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Roughened nickel-plated sheet |
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JP2012033470A (ja) | 2010-07-09 | 2012-02-16 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 銅被覆鋼箔、負極集電体及びその製法並びに電池 |
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KR20170044322A (ko) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-25 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 음극 및 이의 제조방법 |
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JPWO2022210654A1 (ja) | 2022-10-06 |
CN117099228A (zh) | 2023-11-21 |
KR20230160915A (ko) | 2023-11-24 |
EP4297132A1 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
EP4297132A4 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
US20240170680A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
TW202247510A (zh) | 2022-12-01 |
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