WO2022210294A1 - 加工作業補助装置、及び記憶媒体 - Google Patents
加工作業補助装置、及び記憶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022210294A1 WO2022210294A1 PCT/JP2022/014118 JP2022014118W WO2022210294A1 WO 2022210294 A1 WO2022210294 A1 WO 2022210294A1 JP 2022014118 W JP2022014118 W JP 2022014118W WO 2022210294 A1 WO2022210294 A1 WO 2022210294A1
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012951 Remeasurement Methods 0.000 description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
- G05B19/4183—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by data acquisition, e.g. workpiece identification
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
- G05B19/41865—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by job scheduling, process planning, material flow
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0218—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
- G05B23/0224—Process history based detection method, e.g. whereby history implies the availability of large amounts of data
- G05B23/0227—Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions
- G05B23/0235—Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions based on a comparison with predetermined threshold or range, e.g. "classical methods", carried out during normal operation; threshold adaptation or choice; when or how to compare with the threshold
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a processing work assisting device that assists processing work using a machine tool, and a storage medium.
- a document that describes the work procedure for processing work using a machine tool is called a work instruction.
- the work instructions describe the number of workers, work hours, work content, work order, and the like.
- the work content is further divided into "manual work,” “automatic processing,” “walking,” “hand-held,” and “quality check.”
- the work instructions are displayed in writing or on a screen, and the operator of the machine tool performs the work in the order described in the work instructions.
- the operator can achieve uniform quality processing.
- not all work can be described in the work instructions, and in fact, depending on the operating status of the machine tool, there will be work that is not described in the work instructions.
- the operator observes the operating status of the machine tool and judges the timing of executing the work by himself. Examples of operations that require operator judgment include "reapplying paste to tools" and "removing chips".
- thermo displacement is limited to processing where dimensional accuracy is not strict (dimensional tolerance of 5/100 mm to 6/100 mm or more).
- "correction of central axis misalignment of the rotation axis” cannot be accurately corrected simply by using the technique of "thermal displacement correction” or “tool axial direction thermal displacement correction” using machine learning.
- a numerical control device which is one aspect of the present disclosure, includes a work item extraction unit that extracts work items whose necessity changes according to the operating state of a machine tool; and a necessity determination unit that determines whether or not there is work to be performed by the operator based on the necessity added to the work item.
- a computer-readable storage medium which is one aspect of the present disclosure, extracts work items whose necessity changes according to the operating state of a machine tool, and performs Computer readable instructions are stored for determining needs, adding needs to work items, and determining whether there is work to be performed by an operator based on the needs attached to the work items.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a method of expressing need in degree; It is a figure which shows the method of judging the presence or absence of the necessity from two or more types of variables. It is a figure which shows the method of judging the presence or absence of the necessity from two or more types of variables.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a file that associates work items with necessity;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a list screen of work items; 4 is a flow chart showing the operation of the numerical control device; It is a figure which shows the hardware constitutions of a numerical controller.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a numerical controller 100 as a machining work auxiliary device.
- the machining work assisting device is applied to the numerical control device 100 is shown, but it is not limited to the numerical control device 100, and can be applied to other information processing devices such as PCs (personal computers), servers, and mobile terminals. may apply.
- the numerical controller 100 includes a work item extraction unit 11 that extracts work items whose necessity changes depending on the operating state of the machine tool 200, a necessity addition unit 12 that adds necessity to the work item, and a necessity addition unit 12 that adds necessity to the work item.
- a necessity determination unit 13 is provided for determining whether or not there is work to be performed by the operator.
- the numerical control device 100 is integrated with or connected to the machine tool 200, and is controlled by the machine tool 200, sensors (not shown) provided in the machine tool 200, and a PLC (Programming Logic Controller) (not shown). Input information indicating the operating status of the machine 200 .
- the numerical controller 100 is connected via a LAN (Local Area Network) to a PC 51 that is a computer that manages the machine tool 200 in the factory, a server 52 that is a computer that manages the machine tool 200, an operator's mobile terminal 53, and the like. ing. Also, the numerical controller 100 may be connected to a wide area network such as the Internet via a LAN.
- LAN Local Area Network
- the work item extraction unit 11 extracts machine configuration information 14 such as the presence or absence of a rotating shaft, dimensional tolerance, machining information such as whether or not long-time operation is performed, temperature, operating time, cutting time for each tool, machine state such as torque. From the information 15 or the like, work items whose necessity changes depending on the operating state of the machine are extracted.
- the machine configuration information 14 is registered in the numerical controller 100 in advance. Machining information may be read from a machining program or input by an operator.
- the state information 15 is acquired from the machine tool 200, sensors, or the like.
- Work items whose necessity changes depending on the operating state of the machine tool 200 include "correction of central axis misalignment”, “resetting of tool offset”, “reapplication of paste to tools”, and “removal of chips”. be.
- the work item extraction unit 11 determines from the machine configuration information 14 whether the machine tool 200 has a rotation axis such as a table. The thermal displacement of the central axis position of the rotating shaft of the table cannot be automatically corrected, and the timing of correction must be determined while observing the positional deviation and temperature change.
- the work item extraction unit 11 extracts “correction of central axis positional deviation of the rotating shaft” as a work item that changes depending on the operating status of the machine tool 200 .
- the work item extraction unit 11 extracts “remeasurement of tool offset” as a work item that changes depending on the operating state of the machine tool 200 .
- the thermal displacement cannot be automatically corrected.
- the automatic thermal displacement correction is intentionally turned off, it is necessary to adjust the tool offset value to absorb the thermal displacement.
- "reset tool offset (manually correct thermal displacement)" is extracted as a work item that changes depending on the operating status of machine tool 200 . Paste is applied to the tool to control tool wear, but this paste wears off over time and must be reapplied.
- the necessity determination unit 13 determines whether there is work to be executed by the operator based on the necessity of the work items extracted by the work item extraction unit 11 .
- the necessity determining unit 13 includes a necessity adding unit 12 that determines the necessity of each work item and adds the necessity to each work item.
- the necessity addition unit 12 determines the necessity of each work item based on the operating time of the machine tool 200 and the value of the sensor, and adds the determination result to each work item.
- the necessity addition unit 12 determines the necessity of work items based on information detected by the machine tool 200 and sensors, such as temperature change, cutting torque, spindle load, feed axis load, vibration, cutting time, number of times of cutting, and work material. Calculate There are three methods for calculating the necessity: the method of "determining the necessity of work”, the method of "determining the necessity of work in advance”, the method of "determining the time when work will be required”, and the method of There is a method of “expressing the degree of necessity” and a method of “calculating the necessity from two or more types of variables”.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of determining the necessity of the work item "remeasure tool offset”.
- the necessity addition unit 12 calculates the area where the temperature of the tool exceeds “graph threshold: Th_A”, and when this area exceeds "area threshold: Th_B", the work item "remeasurement of tool offset” is performed. is determined to be “necessary”. Moreover, if it is less than "threshold area: Th_B", it is determined as "not necessary”.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of determining the necessity of the work item "remeasure tool offset”.
- "Area threshold: Th_B1” is a threshold for determining the necessity of work in advance
- “Area threshold: Th_B2” is a threshold for determining that work needs to be performed.
- the necessity addition unit 12 monitors the temperature of the tool, determines that the work will be required in a short period of time when the temperature reaches the "threshold area: Th_B1", and stops the work when the temperature reaches the "threshold area: Th_B2". determine that it is necessary.
- the ratio of the above-mentioned "area threshold” is calculated.
- the necessity addition unit 12 predicts the time required for thermal displacement correction from the ratio of the "threshold area”.
- the time required for thermal displacement correction may be predicted using a statistical model such as machine learning or a physical model.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of determining the necessity of the work item "remeasure tool offset”.
- Area threshold: Th_D1 is a threshold for determining the necessity of a work item in advance
- Area threshold: Th_D2 is a threshold for changing the necessity from "low” to "high”
- Area threshold :Th_D3 is a threshold for determining that the work item is necessary.
- the necessity addition unit 12 monitors the temperature of the tool, and when it reaches the "threshold area: Th_D1", determines that the work will soon be necessary, sets the "necessity” to “low”, and sets the "threshold area: Th_D1". When reaching "Th_D2”, "necessity” is changed to “high”, and when reaching "area threshold: Th_D3", it is determined that work is necessary.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a method of "determining the presence or absence of necessity from two or more variables".
- the necessity of the work items “measuring the center axis position deviation of the rotating shaft” and “re-measuring the tool offset due to wear” is determined from the two factors of the "temperature” and “cutting torque” of the machine tool. judge.
- the “rotating shaft” here is the rotating shaft of the table on which the work is placed. A work is fixed to the table, and when the table rotates, the work also rotates. When the workpiece rotates, heat is generated by cutting.
- the graph (top) in FIG. 5 shows the time change of the temperature of the rotating shaft.
- the threshold Th_A indicates the temperature that affects thermal displacement. As long as the temperature of the rotating shaft does not exceed the threshold Th_A, any temperature change does not affect thermal displacement. Thermal displacement is affected when the temperature exceeds Th_A.
- the product of the temperature exceeding the threshold Th_A and the time (area 1) is the amount of heat applied to the rotating shaft. Thermal displacement may occur when the amount of heat exceeds the threshold Th_B.
- the graph (bottom) in FIG. 5 shows the change in cutting torque over time. Since the work is fixed to the table, if the work is cut with a strong cutting force, the table itself is also loaded, which affects the center positional deviation of the rotating shaft of the table.
- the cutting torque does not exceed the threshold Th_C, it does not affect the positional deviation of the rotating shaft.
- Th_C it affects the positional deviation of the rotating shaft.
- the product of the cutting torque exceeding the threshold Th_C and the time (area 2) is the stress applied to the rotating shaft.
- the two factors of "temperature” and “cutting torque” affect the "center axis misalignment of the rotating shaft” while interacting with each other.
- the weighting coefficient ⁇ 1 for temperature (calorie: area 1), the weighting coefficient ⁇ 2 for cutting torque (stress: area 2), and the temperature evaluation value “area 1 ⁇ ⁇ 1” are shown.
- the stress evaluation value “area 2 ⁇ 2” is described.
- the numerical controller 100 needs the work item “measurement of central axis positional deviation of the rotating shaft”. It is determined that The weighting coefficients " ⁇ 1" and “ ⁇ 2” also serve to match the units of "temperature” and “cutting torque", which are different physical quantity elements.
- the method of "determining the presence or absence of necessity from two or more variables” is not limited to the above method, and may use an appropriate mathematical model or machine learning.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of another method of "determining the presence or absence of necessity from two or more types of variables".
- the two elements "cutting time” and “number of times of cutting” have separate thresholds, and it is determined that there is a need if either one of the two elements satisfies the conditions.
- they are the thresholds "Th_E” and “Th_F” of the two elements “cutting time” and “number of times of cutting”.
- the numerical controller 100 compares the threshold “Th_E” and the “current cutting time” to satisfy the condition “current cutting time>Th_E”, or compares the threshold “Th_F” and the “current number of times of cutting”.
- the numerical controller 100 stores thresholds for work items. In the table of FIG. 6, "time threshold: Th_1” and “number of times threshold: Th_2” for determining the work item “reapplication of tool paste” and “time threshold: Th_2” for determining the work item “removal of chips” : Th_3" and “number of times threshold: Th_4" are stored.
- the necessity addition unit 12 creates a file that associates work items and necessity.
- FIG. 7 is an example of a file.
- the file in Fig. 7 contains "work item: measurement and correction of center axis misalignment of the rotation axis of the table”, “necessity: high”, “work item: remeasurement of tool offset”, “necessity: high”.
- work item: applying paste to tools "necessity: low”
- work item removing chips
- necessity: low low.
- the necessity determination unit 12 refers to the necessity added to each work item, and if there is at least one work item that has a necessity, it performs "stop the machine tool” and “output the work item”. In “stop machine tool”, if there is a work with “necessity: high” (or necessary), the next machining operation or machining operation in the next process is prohibited.
- a "work item list” in which information about necessity is added to the work item is displayed on at least one of the screen of the numerical controller 100, the PC 51, the server 52, and the portable terminal 53. You may output to an external information processing apparatus.
- the PC 51, the server 52, and the portable terminal 53 perform at least one of display of an operation screen, guidance to the operation screen, and display of operation details for the work performed by the operator according to the necessity of the work item. good too.
- Fig. 8 is a list of necessary work items.
- "center axis position measurement of rotating shaft (possibility of axis misalignment)” is “necessity: high”
- “tool offset measurement (possibility of wear)” is “necessity: low”
- “removal of chips” is It is “Necessity: Medium”.
- “Estimated time: 10 hours and 33 minutes” is displayed in “removal of chips”. While referring to the work list, the operator determines whether to carry out all the work displayed on the screen or to carry out only the highly necessary work.
- a check box 20 is provided for the work item "remove chips". Regarding "removal of chips", since the numerical controller 100 cannot confirm the completion of the work, a check box 20 is provided to prompt the operator to input the completion of the work. Since the numerical controller 100 cannot confirm the completion of the work for "re-applying paste to the tool", a check box 20 is provided to prompt the operator to input the completion of the work.
- the check box 20 is checked, the "cutting time” and “cutting times” of the work item "reapply paste to the tool” and the "cutting time” and “cutting times” of the work item "remove chips” are reset. be done.
- a button 22 is a button for transitioning to a screen on which "tool offset measurement” can be performed
- a button 23 is a button for transitioning to a screen on which "center axis position measurement of rotation axis” can be performed. These buttons are highlighted to guide the operator on the screen. These screens may be displayed on an external information processing device such as the PC 51, the server 52, or the portable terminal 53 instead of the numerical control device 100.
- FIG. When the button 23 for transitioning to the "rotational axis central axis position measurement screen" is selected, a screen showing the central axis position of the rotational axis is displayed. While referring to the screen, the operator can perform the work of "correction of central axis misalignment of the rotating shaft”.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing the operation of the numerical controller 100 of the present disclosure.
- the operator selects a machining program according to the work instructions and installs the work.
- the work item extraction unit 11 reads machine configuration information 14 registered in the numerical controller 100 .
- the work item extraction unit 11 extracts work items that occur depending on the operating status of the machine tool 200 (step S1).
- the work items include, but are not limited to, "correction of center axis misalignment of the rotating shaft”, “remeasurement of tool offset”, “reapplication of paste to tools”, and “removal of chips”.
- the necessity addition unit 12 adds necessity to the work item based on the operating time of the machine tool 200 and sensor values (step S2).
- the necessity determination unit 13 determines whether there is work to be executed by the operator based on the file created by the necessity addition unit 12 . If there is work to be executed by the operator (step S3; YES), the necessity determination unit 13, if the machine tool 200 needs to be stopped (step S4; yes), starts processing the next work. The machine tool 200 is stopped before starting the previous or next process (step S5). After stopping the machine tool 200, the process proceeds to step S6. If it is not necessary to stop the machine tool 200 (step S4; No), a list of work items is output (step S6).
- the output destination of the work items may be the numerical control device 100 or an external information processing device such as the PC 51, the server 52, or the portable terminal 53.
- the numerical control device 100 and the external information processing device output a warning sound and a work item list screen to call the operator's attention (step S7).
- the operator performs necessary work while referring to the screen.
- step S8 When the next determination starts (step S8; YES), the numerical controller 100 transitions to step S2.
- the determination result of necessity is updated as needed.
- the necessity of work items such as "correction of central axis misalignment of the rotating shaft”, “remeasurement of tool offset”, “reapplication of paste to tools”, and “removal of chips” is constantly changing.
- the numerical controller 100 constantly notifies the operator of the need for work that changes depending on the operating state of the machine tool 200 .
- step S8; NO the determination of necessity is terminated.
- a CPU 111 included in the numerical controller 100 is a processor that controls the numerical controller 100 as a whole.
- the CPU 111 reads a system program stored in the ROM 112 via the bus 122 and controls the entire numerical controller 100 according to the system program.
- the RAM 113 temporarily stores calculation data, display data, various data input by the user via the input unit 71, and the like.
- the display unit 70 is a monitor attached to the numerical controller 100 or the like.
- the display unit 70 displays a setup support screen, a setup procedure manual, and the like, which will be described later.
- the input unit 71 is integrated with the display unit 70 or is a keyboard, touch panel, or the like that is separate from the display unit 70 .
- the operator operates the input unit 71 to perform input to the screen displayed on the display unit 70 and the like.
- the non-volatile memory 114 is, for example, a memory that is backed up by a battery (not shown) so that the memory state is retained even when the power of the numerical controller 100 is turned off.
- the non-volatile memory 114 stores a machining program read from an external device via an interface (not shown), a machining program input via the input unit 71, various parts acquired from each part of the numerical control device 100, the machine tool 200, etc. Data (for example, setting parameters obtained from the machine tool 200, etc.) are stored.
- Programs and various data stored in the non-volatile memory 114 may be developed in the RAM 113 at the time of execution/use.
- Various system programs are pre-written in the ROM 112 .
- a controller 40 that controls each axis of the machine tool 200 converts an axis movement command from the CPU 111 into a pulse signal and outputs it to the driver 41 .
- the driver 41 converts the pulse signal into current to drive the servomotor.
- the power of the servo motor moves the tools and table.
- Numerical controller 100 can machine a workpiece by controlling machine tool 200 according to a machining program.
- the numerical control device 100 as a machining work auxiliary device adds necessity for work items that change depending on the operating state of the machine tool 200 .
- the necessity includes "whether or not work is necessary at the present time”, “preliminary determination of work necessity”, “degree of necessity of work”, “time when work is required”, and the like.
- the numerical controller 100 assists the operator in determining the necessity of work by displaying a list of work items and information about the necessity side by side. The operator can determine which work should be preferentially executed by referring to the work whose necessity increases in a short period of time, the time when the work's necessity increases, the degree of necessity, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
オペレータの判断を要する作業は、「熱変位」の補正以外にも「工具へのペースト再塗布」や「切粉の除去」などの様々なものがある。これらの複数の作業を漏れなく効率的に行うためには、オペレータの判断を補助する機能が必要である。
本開示の一態様であるコンピュータが読み取り可能な記憶媒体は、1つ又は複数のプロセッサが実行することにより、工作機械の稼働状態に応じて必要性が変化する作業項目を抽出し、作業項目の必要性を判定し、作業項目に必要性を付加し、前記作業項目に付加された必要性に基づき、オペレータが実行する作業の有無を判定するコンピュータが読み取り可能な命令を記憶する。
作業項目抽出部11は、機械構成情報14から、工作機械200にテーブルなどの回転軸が存在するかを判定する。テーブルなどの回転軸の中心軸位置の熱変位は、自動で補正することができず、位置ズレや温度変化を観察しながら補正のタイミングを判断しなければならない。機械構成情報14にテーブルなどの回転軸が存在する場合、作業項目抽出部11は、「回転軸の中心軸位置ズレの補正」を工作機械200の稼働状況によって変化する作業項目として抽出する。
熱変位の自動補正がONであったとしても、工具が摩耗するため工具オフセットの再設定が必要になる。作業項目抽出部11は、「工具オフセットの再測定」を工作機械200の稼働状態によって変化する作業項目として抽出する。また、寸法精度が厳しい場合(寸法公差が1/1000mm単位)、熱変位の自動補正ができない。意図的に熱変位の自動補正をOFFすると、熱変位分を吸収するための工具オフセット値の調整が必要になる。寸法精度が厳しい場合、「工具オフセットの再設定(手動で熱変位を補正)」を工作機械200の稼働状況によって変化する作業項目として抽出する。
工具の摩耗を抑制するため工具にペーストを塗布しているが、このペーストは時間とともに減少するため再塗布する必要がある。ペースト再塗布の必要性は、切削時間や切削回数など工作機械200の稼働状態によって変化するため、「工具へのペースト再塗布」を工作機械200の稼働状態によって変化する作業項目として抽出する。
切削液で流しきれない切粉も徐々に蓄積する。切粉の除去の必要性は、切削時間や切削回数など工作機械200の稼働状態によって変化するため、「切粉の除去」を工作機械200の稼働状態によって変化する作業項目として抽出する。
必要性判定部13は、各作業項目についての必要性を判定し、各作業項目に必要性を付加する必要性付加部12を備える。
必要性の算出方法には、「作業の必要性の有無を判定」する方法、「作業の必要性を事前に判定」する方法、「作業が必要となる時間を判定」する方法、「必要性を程度で表示」する方法、「2種類以上の変数から必要性を算出」する方法がある。
「温度」「切削トルク」の2つの要因が「回転軸の中心軸位置ズレ」に影響を与える例について説明する。ここでいう「回転軸」とは、ワークを載置するテーブルの回転軸である。テーブルにはワークが固定されており、テーブルが回転するとワークも回転する。ワークが回転すると切削加工による熱が発生する。図5のグラフ(上)は、回転軸の温度の時間変化を示している。閾値Th_Aは、熱変位に影響を与える温度を示している。回転軸の温度が閾値Th_Aを超えていなければ、どのような温度変化があっても熱変位に影響を及ぼさない。Th_Aを超えた温度になると熱変位に影響が出る。閾値Th_Aを超えた温度と時間の積(面積1)は、回転軸にかかる熱量となる。熱量が閾値Th_Bを超えると熱変位が生じる可能性がある。
図5のグラフ(下)は、切削トルクの時間変化を示している。ワークはテーブルに固定されているため、ワークに対して、強い切削力でワークを切削すると、テーブル自体にも負荷がかかり、テーブルの回転軸の中心位置ズレに影響を及ぼす。切削トルクがTh_Cという閾値を超えていなければ、回転軸の位置ズレに影響しない。切削トルクがTh_Cを超えると、回転軸の位置ズレに影響を及ぼす。閾値Th_Cを超えた切削トルクと時間の積(面積2)は、回転軸にかかるストレスとなる。
このように「回転軸の中心軸位置ズレ」には、「温度」と「切削トルク」の2つの要因が相互に関わりあいながら影響する。図5の表(上)には、温度(熱量:面積1)についての重み係数α1と、切削トルク(ストレス:面積2)についての重み係数α2、及び温度の評価値「面積1×α1」とストレスの評価値「面積2×α2」が記載されている。数値制御装置100は、温度の評価値「面積1×α1」とストレスの評価値「面積2×α2」の和が閾値Th_Totalより大きい時に、作業項目「回転軸の中心軸位置ズレ計測」が必要であると判定する。重みづけ係数「α1」、「α2」は、物理量の異なる要素である「温度」と「切削トルク」の単位を合わせるための役目も果たす。「2種類以上の変数から必要性の有無を判定」の方法は、上記の方法に限定しない、適当な数理モデルや機械学習を用いてもよい。
図6の例では、2つの要素「切削時間」と「切削回数」の閾値「Th_E」と「Th_F」である。数値制御装置100は、閾値「Th_E」と「現在の切削時間」を比較し、「現在の切削時間>Th_E」の条件を満たす、もしくは、閾値「Th_F」と「現在の切削回数」を比較し、「現在の切削回数>Th_F」の条件を満たすとき、作業が必要であると判定する。
2つの要素は、いずれかが条件を満たせば「必要性あり」と判定する「or条件」である。この方法を用いて、作業項目「工具へのペースト再塗布」や「切粉の除去」の必要性が判定できる。数値制御装置100は、作業項目に対する閾値を記憶している。図6の表では、作業項目「工具ペーストの再塗布」を判定するための「時間閾値:Th_1」と「回数閾値:Th_2」、作業項目「切粉の除去」を判定するための「時間閾値:Th_3」と「回数閾値:Th_4」を記憶している。
「工作機械の停止」では、「必要性:高」(又は必要性あり)の作業があれば、次の加工動作もしくは次工程の加工動作を禁止させる。
PC51、サーバ52、携帯端末53は、作業項目の必要性に応じて、オペレータが実行する作業に対する、操作画面の表示、前記操作画面への誘導、操作内容の表示の少なくとも何れかを実施してもよい。
これらの画面は、数値制御装置100ではなく、PC51、サーバ52、携帯端末53などの外部の情報処理装置に表示してもよい。
「回転軸の中心軸位置計測画面」へ遷移するボタン23を選択すると、回転軸の中心軸位置を示す画面が表示される。オペレータは画面を参照しながら「回転軸の中心軸位置ズレの補正」の作業を実行することができる。
作業項目抽出部11は、工作機械200の稼働状況によって発生する作業項目を抽出する(ステップS1)。作業項目としては、「回転軸の中心軸位置ズレの補正」「工具オフセットの再測定」「工具へのペースト再塗布」「切粉の除去」などがあるが、これらに限定されない。
工作機械200を停止する必要がない場合は(ステップS4;No)、作業項目の一覧を出力する(ステップS6)。作業項目の出力先は、数値制御装置100でもよいし、PC51、サーバ52、携帯端末53などの外部の情報処理装置でもよい。
最後に、必要性の判定を終了する場合には(ステップS8;NO)、必要性の判定を終了する。
11 作業項目抽出部
12 必要性付加部
13 必要性判定部
111 CPU
112 ROM
113 RAM
114 不揮発性メモリ
200 工作機械
Claims (11)
- 工作機械の稼働状態に応じて必要性が変化する作業項目を抽出する作業項目抽出部と、
前記作業項目の必要性に基づきオペレータが実行する作業の有無を判定する必要性判定部と、
を備える加工作業補助装置。 - 前記必要性判定部は、前記作業項目のうち少なくとも1つに必要性がある場合に、オペレータが実行する作業が有ると判定する、請求項1記載の加工作業補助装置。
- 前記必要性判定部は、必要性の高い作業項目がある場合、次の加工開始前又は次の工程開始前に前記工作機械を停止させる、請求項1記載の加工作業補助装置。
- 前記必要性判定部は、前記作業項目の必要性が発生することを事前に判定した場合、オペレータが実行する作業があると判定する、請求項2記載の加工作業補助装置。
- 前記必要性判定部は、前記作業項目の必要性が発生する時間を判定した場合、オペレータが実行する作業があると判定する、請求項2記載の加工作業補助装置。
- 前記必要性判定部は、各作業項目の必要性を判定し、各作業項目に必要性を付加する必要性付加部を備える、請求項1記載の加工作業補助装置。
- 前記必要性判定部は、高い必要性が付加された作業項目が存在する場合、当該作業項目の処理が完了するまで、前記工作機械を停止させる、請求項6記載の加工作業補助装置。
- 前記作業項目に必要性を付加したファイルを作成する必要性付加部を備え、
前記必要性判定部は、前記必要性を付加したファイルを外部の情報処理装置に出力する、請求項7記載の加工作業補助装置。 - 前記必要性判定部は、前記作業項目の必要性を、当該加工作業補助装置の画面、オペレータの端末機器、工場内の前記工作機械を管理するコンピュータの少なくとも何れかへ通知する、請求項1記載の加工作業補助装置。
- 前記必要性判定部は、前記オペレータが実行する作業に対する操作画面の表示、前記操作画面への誘導、操作内容の表示の少なくとも何れかを、前記加工作業補助装置の画面、前記オペレータの端末機器、工場内の前記工作機械を管理する前記コンピュータの少なくとも何れかに実行させる、請求項9記載の加工作業補助装置。
- 1つ又は複数のプロセッサが実行することにより、
工作機械の稼働状態に応じて必要性が変化する作業項目を抽出し、
前記作業項目の必要性に基づきオペレータが実行する作業の有無を判定する、コンピュータが読み取り可能な命令を記憶する記憶媒体。
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JPH07237090A (ja) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-09-12 | Okuma Mach Works Ltd | 機械の保守管理装置 |
JP2003022129A (ja) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-24 | Yamazaki Mazak Corp | 工作機械の管理装置 |
JP2017097566A (ja) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-06-01 | ファナック株式会社 | 推奨保守通知システム |
JP2020052592A (ja) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | 飛島建設株式会社 | 建設機械稼働状況管理システム及び管理方法 |
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JPH07237090A (ja) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-09-12 | Okuma Mach Works Ltd | 機械の保守管理装置 |
JP2003022129A (ja) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-24 | Yamazaki Mazak Corp | 工作機械の管理装置 |
JP2017097566A (ja) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-06-01 | ファナック株式会社 | 推奨保守通知システム |
JP2020052592A (ja) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | 飛島建設株式会社 | 建設機械稼働状況管理システム及び管理方法 |
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