WO2022190692A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子、ジアミン及び重合体 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子、ジアミン及び重合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022190692A1 WO2022190692A1 PCT/JP2022/003059 JP2022003059W WO2022190692A1 WO 2022190692 A1 WO2022190692 A1 WO 2022190692A1 JP 2022003059 W JP2022003059 W JP 2022003059W WO 2022190692 A1 WO2022190692 A1 WO 2022190692A1
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- liquid crystal
- diamine
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- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004980 cyclopropylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diimidazo[1,3-b:1',3'-e]pyrazine-5,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CN=CN2C(=O)C2=CN=CN12 UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- BHXIWUJLHYHGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOCCC(=O)OCC BHXIWUJLHYHGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJUHLFUALMUWOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCOC IJUHLFUALMUWOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUDNUHPRLBTKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl isocyanate Chemical compound CCN=C=O WUDNUHPRLBTKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPBDXRPQPOWRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,5-dione;methoxyethene Chemical compound COC=C.O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 UPBDXRPQPOWRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- VFTGLSWXJMRZNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl isobutyrate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)C VFTGLSWXJMRZNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- ZBKFYXZXZJPWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=S ZBKFYXZXZJPWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;bromide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[Br-] IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBOPZPXVLCULAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesalamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 KBOPZPXVLCULAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004963 mesalazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate group Chemical group C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-] CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyl chloride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(Cl)=O VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN=C=O RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKBVMLGZPNDWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=C(N)C2=C1 OKBVMLGZPNDWJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1N KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOGZBMRXLADNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 GOGZBMRXLADNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBJPJUGOYJOSLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 HBJPJUGOYJOSLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical class [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XVSSGIXTKVRGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxycarbonyl prop-2-enyl carbonate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCC=C XVSSGIXTKVRGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCOC JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HDOUGSFASVGDCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-3-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CN=C1 HDOUGSFASVGDCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=N1 VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATBIAJXSKNPHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-carbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 ATBIAJXSKNPHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAAWASYJIRZXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=NC(N)=N1 YAAWASYJIRZXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D251/30—Only oxygen atoms
- C07D251/34—Cyanuric or isocyanuric esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D251/38—Sulfur atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D251/40—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D251/48—Two nitrogen atoms
- C07D251/52—Two nitrogen atoms with an oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the third ring carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal aligning film, and a novel diamine and polymer suitable for them.
- Liquid crystal display elements are widely used, from small applications such as mobile phones and smartphones to relatively large applications such as televisions and monitors.
- a liquid crystal display element is generally constructed by arranging a pair of electrode substrates so as to face each other with a predetermined gap (several ⁇ m) and sealing liquid crystal between the electrode substrates. By applying a voltage between the transparent conductive films forming the respective electrodes of the electrode substrate, the display on the liquid crystal display element is performed.
- These liquid crystal display elements have liquid crystal alignment films that are indispensable for controlling the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a polyimide alignment film obtained by using a diamine compound having a specific structure containing a triazine ring as a liquid crystal alignment film in which the pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules can be easily adjusted.
- liquid crystal display element various drive systems having different electrode structures, different physical properties of liquid crystal molecules to be used, etc. have been developed. For example, various modes such as TN (Twisted Nematic) method, STN (Super Twisted Nematic) method, VA (Vertical Alignment) method, IPS (In-Plane Switching) method, and FFS (Fringe Field Switching) method are known. .
- TN Transmission Nematic
- STN Super Twisted Nematic
- VA Very Alignment
- IPS In-Plane Switching
- FFS Frringe Field Switching
- VA vertical alignment liquid crystal display elements have a wide viewing angle, fast response speed, high contrast, and can eliminate the need for rubbing in the production process. It is widely used mainly for monitors and monitors (Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- the above-mentioned transparent conductive film in the liquid crystal display element is usually formed of a composition (ITO) in which indium oxide is the main component and is doped with several percent of tin oxide (ITO). Unlike the refractive index, it has a high value. Therefore, when the light from the display light source is transmitted through the electrode substrate, the light is reflected at the interface between the transparent conductive film and the liquid crystal alignment film in each electrode substrate. As a result, a sufficient light transmittance of the electrode substrate cannot be obtained, resulting in a problem of reduced display brightness. In particular, in recent years, ultra-high-definition panels such as 4K and 8K have been developed. It is important to improve the transmittance of the display section.
- the present inventors have proposed the formation of the liquid crystal alignment film in order to increase the refractive index.
- a material for forming the liquid crystal alignment film polyamic acid or polyimide, which is one of its derivatives, is widely known.
- the use of a diamine having a triazine skeleton as a raw material diamine component for a polyimide liquid crystal alignment film is proposed in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the method using a diamine having a long-chain alkyl group or a polycyclic structure such as cholesterol and having a triazine skeleton which is specifically disclosed in Patent Document 1, has a refractive index. It was found that there is room for improvement in terms of increasing the rate. Specifically, in order to increase the refractive index of the liquid crystal alignment film, various types of polymers contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent forming the liquid crystal alignment film were searched.
- a liquid crystal alignment film formed from a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a polymer having a coloring property has low light transmittance, leading to a decrease in display brightness, and as a result, the above object cannot be achieved.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent that forms a liquid crystal aligning film having a high light transmittance because it has a high refractive index but does not have coloring properties, and a liquid crystal aligning agent obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a film and a liquid crystal display element having the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a partially novel polymer having a specific structure is effective for achieving the above object. and completed the present invention.
- the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor obtained using a diamine component containing a diamine (0) having a partial structure represented by the following formula (D T ) and a polyimide that is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; * represents a bond; hydrogen atoms may be replaced by monovalent groups, L 1 and L 2 are each independently a single bond, -(CH 2 ) n - (n is an integer of 1 to 6), -NR'-, -(CH 2 ) n -NR'- (n is an integer of 1 to 6), -O-, -S-, -O-CO-, or -CO-O-, and R' represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms
- * represents a bond.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent that forms a liquid crystal alignment film having a high light transmittance because it has a high refractive index and does not have coloring properties. Since the liquid crystal alignment film on which such a liquid crystal alignment agent is formed has a high refractive index, it is possible to reduce the difference between the refractive index of the transparent conductive film and the refractive index of the liquid crystal alignment film in the liquid crystal display element. Since it does not have coloring properties, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element with high light transmittance and high display luminance.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is, as described above, a polyimide obtained using a diamine component containing a diamine (0) having a partial structure represented by the following formula (D T ) (hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine) It is characterized by containing at least one polymer (P) selected from the group consisting of a precursor and a polyimide which is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor.
- D T a diamine component containing a diamine (0) having a partial structure represented by the following formula (D T ) (hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine) It is characterized by containing at least one polymer (P) selected from the group consisting of a precursor and a polyimide which is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor.
- D T a diamine component containing a diamine (0) having a partial structure represented by the following formula (D T ) (hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine) It is characterized
- the monovalent organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms for R in the above formula (D T ) includes, for example, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and at least between the carbon-carbon bonds of the hydrocarbon group or at the terminal
- the monovalent organic group (E) is a heteroatom-containing group or a carbon atom possessed by a hydrocarbon group.
- R′′ represents a monovalent organic group such as a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl groups.
- Alkynyl groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as vinyl groups and propenyl groups, and alkynyl groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethynyl groups are mentioned.
- a part of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrogen group or the monovalent organic group (E) may be substituted with a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, and a cyano group.
- the halogen atom for R also has the same structure as described above.
- * in the formula (D T ) represents a bond, and any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring bonded to * may be replaced with a monovalent group.
- Specific examples of the monovalent group include methyl groups, ethyl groups, methoxy groups, and the like.
- the monovalent organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in R in the above formula (D T ) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom, from the viewpoint of increasing the refractive index. It is preferred to have seeds.
- R in the formula (D T ) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a trifluoromethylthio group, a dimethylamino group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a vinyl group, allyl group, methoxymethyl group, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl group, acetyl group, and hydroxy group.
- L 1 and L 2 in the above formula (D T ) are each independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) n — (n is an integer of 1 to 6), from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention. ), -NR'-, -(CH 2 ) n -NR'- (n is an integer of 1 to 6.), -S-, or -O- is preferred, and -S-, -NH - or -O- is more preferred, and -S- is particularly preferred.
- R' represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and examples of the monovalent organic group include a methyl group, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group.
- R' is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- the carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom constituting the benzene ring bonded to L 1 and the benzene ring bonded to L 2 in the above formula (D T ) At least one selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms adjacent to the carbon atom is preferably bonded to a group capable of hydrogen bonding with the nitrogen atom of the triazine ring.
- a hydrogen atom is preferable as the hydrogen-bondable group.
- the group capable of hydrogen bonding is a hydrogen atom, it is possible to form a bond such as the following formula (M), and a stacking effect is obtained, which is more effective in increasing the refractive index.
- Preferable examples of the partial structure represented by the above formula (D T ) include the following formulas (d T ⁇ 1) to (d T ⁇ 3).
- R and * in the above formulas (d T -1) to (d T -3) are synonymous with R and * in the above formula (D T ), respectively.
- diamine (0) examples include diamines having the structure of the following formula (d 0 ).
- X represents the structure represented by the formula (D T )
- Ar and Ar′ each independently represent a divalent aromatic ring group.
- Specific examples of the aromatic ring in the divalent aromatic ring group include benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring, triazine ring, pyrrole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, carbazole ring, benzimidazole ring, indole ring, quinoxaline ring and acridine ring.
- a hydrogen atom of the aromatic ring may be substituted with a monovalent group.
- the monovalent group include the structures exemplified for the monovalent group in the above formula (D T ).
- L d and L d ' are each independently a single bond, -(CH 2 ) n - (n is an integer of 1 to 6), -NR'-, - (CH 2 ) n —NR′— (n is an integer of 1 to 6), —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, or —CO—O—, where R′ is a hydrogen atom or represents a monovalent organic group.
- each of Ar and Ar′ independently has a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring, triazine ring, or carbazole ring.
- a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, or a triazine ring is more preferred.
- Ld and Ld' are each independently preferably -NR'-, -O-, -S-, -O-CO- or -CO-O-, -NR'-, -O- or - S- is more preferred.
- R' is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- m and m' are each independently an integer of 0 to 2, preferably 0 or 1. When a plurality of Ar, Ar', L d and L d ' exist, the plurality of Ar, Ar', L d and L d ' may be the same or different.
- Examples of the diamine having the structure of formula (d 0 ) include diamines having a structure represented by the following formula (D TS ).
- D TS diamines having a structure represented by the following formula (D TS ).
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring bonded to the amino group may be replaced by a monovalent group.
- Preferred specific examples of the above formula (d 0 ) include diamines represented by the following formulas (d 0 -1) to (d 0 -9). Diamines of the formulas (d 0 -3), (d 0 -6) and (d 0 -9) are more preferred. (In the above formula, R has the same definition as R in the above formula (D T ).)
- the polymer (P) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor obtained using a diamine component containing the diamine (0) and a polyimide that is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor. At least one polymer is selected.
- the polyimide precursor is a polymer from which a polyimide can be obtained by imidating polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, or the like.
- a polyamic acid (P′), which is a polyimide precursor of the polymer (P) can be obtained by a polymerization reaction between a diamine component containing the diamine (0) and a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- the diamine (0) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of diamine (0) used is preferably 5 mol % or more, more preferably 10 mol % or more, and even more preferably 20 mol % or more, based on the total diamine component.
- the diamine component used for producing the polyamic acid (P') may contain diamines other than diamine (0) (hereinafter also referred to as other diamines).
- diamine (0) diamine (0)
- the amount of the diamine (0) used is preferably 90 mol % or less, more preferably 80 mol % or less, relative to the diamine component. Examples of other diamines are listed below, but the present invention is not limited to these.
- the other diamines may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Diamines represented by the following formula (d1) or formula (d2) p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 4-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)aniline, 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5 -diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, diamines having a carboxyl group such as diamine compounds represented by the following formulas (3b-1) to (3b-4), the following formulas (g-1) to (g) -6) having a photoalignable group such as diamines, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)ethane, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenyl)propane, 1,4
- D is preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- group "*-LOD" (* represents a bond with a nitrogen atom.
- L represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- D is a protecting group that is eliminated by heating and replaced with a hydrogen atom.
- D is preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.), 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-tetramethyldisiloxane, diamines represented by the following formula (Ds-1), etc.
- Diamines having a siloxane bond diamines having an oxazoline structure such as the following formulas (Ox-1) to (Ox-2), 1,1-meta-xylylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine , hexamethylenediamine; cycloaliphatic diamines such as 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine), 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane.
- oxazoline structure such as the following formulas (Ox-1) to (Ox-2), 1,1-meta-xylylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine , hexamethylenediamine; cycloaliphatic diamines such as 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4'-methylenebis
- X is a single bond, —O—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —NH—, —CO—, —(CH 2 ) m —, —SO 2 —, —O -(CH 2 ) m -O-, -OC(CH 3 ) 2 -, -CO-(CH 2 ) m -, -NH-(CH 2 ) m -, -SO 2 -(CH 2 ) m -, -CONH-(CH 2 ) m -, -CONH-(CH 2 ) m -NHCO-, or -COO-(CH 2 ) m -OCO-, where m is an integer of 1 to 8.
- Y represents a structure represented by any one of the following formulas (S1) to (S2) In formula (d2), two Y's are the same may or may not be the same.
- X 1 is a single bond, —(CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CO—N(CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -COO-, -OCO- or -((CH 2 ) a1 -A 1 ) m1 - (a1 is an integer of 1 to 15, A 1 is an oxygen atom or - represents COO-, and m 1 is an integer of 1 to 2.
- m 1 is 2, multiple a 1 and A 1 each independently have the above definition).
- G 1 represents a divalent cyclic group selected from a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- m is an integer of 1-4. When m is 2 or more, multiple X 1 and G 1 each independently have the above definition.
- R 1 is a fluorine atom, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or 3 carbon atoms. represents an alkoxyalkyl group of ⁇ 10.
- X 2 represents -CONH-, -NHCO-, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -COO- or -OCO-.
- G 2 represents a steroid skeleton.
- At least one of the hydrogen atoms of the structure having a steroid skeleton is a halogen atom, a halogen-containing alkyl group, a halogen-containing alkoxy group, an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, Alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the above halogen-containing alkyl groups, halogen-containing alkoxy groups, alkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and alkenyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms Any carbon-carbon bond of the group may be substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of heteroatom-containing groups interrupted by oxygen atoms.)
- a 1 is a single bond, —CH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CF 2 —, —C(CF 3 ) 2 —, -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -N(CH 3 )-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -COO-, -OCO-, -CO- N(CH 3 )— or —N(CH 3 )—CO—, m1 and m2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4, and m1+m2 represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- Formula (3b) -2), m3 and m4 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 5.
- A2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and m5 is represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- a 3 and A 4 each independently represent a single bond, —CH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 — , -CF 2 -, -C(CF 3 ) 2 -, -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -N(CH 3 )-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CH 2 O-, - OCH 2 -, -COO-, -OCO-, -CO-N(CH 3 )- or -N(CH 3 )-CO-, and m6 is an integer of 1 to 4.
- L is a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or between the carbon-carbon bonds of the alkylene group and at least one of the terminals of the alkylene group, - represents a divalent organic group into which O-, -COO-, -NH-, -NHCO- or -CON(CH 3 )- is inserted (provided that the above divalent organic group is an ester bond adjacent to L ),
- X 1 , G 1 , and R 1 are the same as defined in the above formula (S1)
- m is an integer of 0 to 4
- m is 2 or more , a plurality of X 1 and G 1 each independently have the above definition
- the hydrogen atom on the benzene ring is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a carbon It may be substituted with a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,
- n1 is an integer of 2 to 12.
- n is an integer of 1 to 6.
- Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- examples of the divalent cyclic group for G 1 include a cyclopropylene group, a cyclohexylene group, and a phenylene group. Any hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups may be an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. may be substituted with groups or fluorine atoms.
- the structure having a steroid skeleton in G2 is preferably a structure containing a cholestanyl group, a cholesteryl group, or a lanostanyl group.
- Preferable examples of the diamine represented by the above formula (d1) include the following formulas (d1-1) to (d1-6).
- Preferable examples of the diamine represented by the above formula (d2) include the following formulas (d2-1) to (d2-6).
- diamines include diamines represented by formula (d1) or formula (d2), p-phenylenediamine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 4,4'- Diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl, the photo-orientation diamine having a group, diamine having a radical initiation function, diamine having a photopolymerizable group at the end, diamines represented by the above formulas (z-1) to (z-13), the above formulas (5-1) to ( 5-13) and the diamines represented by the above formulas (Ox-1) to (Ox-2) are preferred.
- diamines represented by formula (d1) or formula (d2) p-phenylenediamine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 4,4'-
- the amount of the other diamines used is preferably 10 to 90 mol% with respect to the total diamine components used in the production of the polymer (P). and more preferably 20 to 80 mol %.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component to be reacted with the diamine component is not only tetracarboxylic dianhydride, but also tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, or tetracarboxylic acid.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as carboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalides can also be used.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivative thereof is an acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivative thereof, an alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivative thereof, or an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride or Derivatives thereof may be mentioned.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component that can be used for synthesizing the polyimide precursor is preferably a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula (T) or a derivative thereof.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride derivatives include tetracarboxylic acid dihalides, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl esters, and tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalides.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides or derivatives thereof may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- X represents a structure selected from any of the following formulas (x-1) to (x-13).
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, represents an alkynyl group of 6, a monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, or a phenyl group
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represent hydrogen represents an atom or a methyl group
- j and k are integers of 0 or 1
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, phenylene group, sulfonyl group, or amide group
- *1 is bound to one acid anhydride group.
- *2 is a bond that bonds to
- Preferred specific examples of the above formula (x-1) include the following formulas (X1-1) to (X1-6).
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (T) or a derivative thereof include the above formulas (x-1) to (x-7), (x-11) to (x-13).
- ) is a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (T) or a derivative thereof, more preferably a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (T) (x-1) to (x-6) and derivatives thereof.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by the formula (T) or a derivative thereof is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, relative to 1 mol of the total tetracarboxylic acid component used. Preferably, 50 mol % or more is more preferable.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and its derivative used for producing the polyamic acid (P') may contain a tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than the formula (T) or a derivative thereof.
- Synthesis of polyamic acid is carried out by reacting a diamine component containing the diamine and a tetracarboxylic acid component containing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or its derivative in an organic solvent.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine used in the synthetic reaction of the polyamic acid is such that the acid anhydride group of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 0.5 to 2 per equivalent of the amino group of the diamine.
- a ratio that provides equivalents is preferred, and a ratio that provides 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents is more preferred.
- the reaction temperature in the polyamic acid synthesis reaction is preferably -20 to 150°C, more preferably 0 to 100°C.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 24 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 12 hours.
- the polyamic acid synthesis reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but the concentration of the polyamic acid in the reaction solution is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction can be carried out at a high concentration, and then the solvent can be added.
- organic solvent examples include cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
- the polymer has high solvent solubility, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, or the following formulas [D-1] to [D-3] Any of the indicated solvents can be used.
- D 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- D 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- solvents represented by formulas [D-1] to [D-3] above include propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and diethylene glycol. monoethyl ether and the like.
- Polyamic acid esters are produced by, for example, [I] a method of reacting the polyamic acid obtained by the above method with an esterifying agent, [II] a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine, [III] a tetracarboxylic acid It can be obtained by a known method such as a method of reacting a diester dihalide and a diamine.
- a polyimide can be obtained by ring-closing (imidating) a polyimide precursor such as the above polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester.
- the imidization ratio as used herein means the ratio of imide groups to the total amount of imide groups derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride or derivatives thereof and carboxy groups (or derivatives thereof).
- the imidization rate does not necessarily have to be 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the application and purpose.
- Examples of methods for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the solution of the polyimide precursor is heated as it is, and catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the solution of the polyimide precursor.
- the temperature is preferably 100 to 400° C., more preferably 120 to 250° C., and water produced by the imidization reaction is removed from the system. is preferred.
- the catalytic imidization of the polyimide precursor can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the solution of the polyimide precursor and stirring at -20 to 250°C, preferably 0 to 180°C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 times the molar amount of the amic acid group, preferably 2 to 20 times the molar amount, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 times the molar amount of the amic acid group, preferably 3 to 30 times the molar amount.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine, etc. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has appropriate basicity for advancing the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and pyromellitic anhydride. Among them, acetic anhydride is preferably used because it facilitates purification after the reaction is completed.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidization can be controlled by adjusting the catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be put into a solvent to precipitate.
- Solvents used for precipitation include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer precipitated by adding it to the solvent can be filtered and recovered, and then dried at room temperature or under heat under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the impurities in the polymer can be reduced by redissolving the precipitated and recovered polymer in an organic solvent and repeating the operation of reprecipitating and recovering 2 to 10 times.
- Solvents in this case include, for example, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of solvents selected from these, because the purification efficiency is further improved.
- a tetracarboxylic acid component containing a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a derivative thereof, and a diamine component containing the diamine, together with an appropriate terminal blocker to end block It is also possible to synthesize a polymer of the type
- the end-blocking polymer has effects of improving the film hardness of the alignment film obtained by the coating film and improving the adhesion properties between the sealant and the alignment film.
- the terminal of the polyimide precursor or polyimide in the present invention include an amino group, a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride group, or a group derived from a terminal blocking agent to be described later.
- An amino group, a carboxyl group, and an acid anhydride group can be obtained by a normal condensation reaction, or can be obtained by terminal blocking using the following terminal blocking agents.
- Terminal blockers include, for example, acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, nadic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, 3-( Acids such as 3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl-3,4-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 4-ethynylphthalic anhydride anhydride; dicarbonic acid diester compounds such as di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and diallyl dicarbonate; acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, chlorocarbonyl compounds such as nicotinic acid chloride; aniline, 2-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 4- aminosalicylic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid, 6-aminosalicylic acid,
- the proportion of the end blocking agent used is preferably 0.01 to 20 mol parts, more preferably 0.01 to 10 mol parts, per 100 mol parts in total of the diamine components used.
- the polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the polyimide precursor and polyimide is preferably 1,000 to 500,000, more preferably 2,000 to 300,000. is.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) represented by the ratio of the above Mw to the polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight (Mn) measured by GPC is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a liquid composition in which the polymer (P) and optionally other components are preferably dispersed or dissolved in a suitable solvent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain other polymers other than the polymer (P).
- other polymers include at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyimide precursors other than the polymer (P) and polyimides that are imidized products of the polyimide precursors, polysiloxanes, and polyesters.
- poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) copolymers include SMA1000, SMA2000, SMA3000 (manufactured by Cray Valley), GSM301 (manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- Anhydride) copolymers include Isoban-600 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), and specific examples of poly(vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) copolymers include Gantrez AN-139 (methyl vinyl ether anhydride). maleic acid resin, manufactured by Ashland).
- polymers include polyimide precursors obtained using a diamine component containing a diamine represented by the above formula (d1) or (d2), and imidized products of the polyimide precursors, from the viewpoint of enhancing vertical alignment properties. At least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyimides is preferred. Other polymers may be used singly or in combination of two or more. The content of the other polymer is preferably 90 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 90 parts by mass, and further 20 to 80 parts by mass with respect to the total 100 parts by mass of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. preferable.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention may contain the component other than the above as needed.
- Such components include, for example, a crosslinkable compound having at least one substituent selected from an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetanyl group, a cyclocarbonate group, a blocked isocyanate group, a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group, and a polymerizable unsaturated group.
- a crosslinkable compound having at least one substituent selected from an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetanyl group, a cyclocarbonate group, a blocked isocyanate group, a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group, and a polymerizable unsaturated group At least one compound selected from the group consisting of crosslinkable compounds having a functional silane compound, a metal chelate compound, a curing accelerator, a surfactant, an antioxidant, a sensitizer, an antiseptic, a dielectric of the liquid crystal alignment film Compounds
- crosslinkable compound examples include compounds represented by the following formulas (CL-1) to (CL-11).
- the compounds represented by the following formulas (CL-1) to (CL-11) are examples of crosslinkable compounds and are not limited to these.
- the crosslinkable compound used for the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention may be one type, or may combine two or more types.
- the content of the crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, and 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all polymer components. Parts by mass are more preferred.
- Compounds for adjusting the dielectric constant and electric resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film include monoamines having a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle such as 3-picolylamine.
- organic solvent used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-(n-propyl).
- the solid content concentration in the liquid crystal aligning agent (ratio of the total mass of components other than the solvent of the liquid crystal aligning agent to the total mass of the liquid crystal aligning agent) is appropriately selected in consideration of viscosity, volatility, etc., but preferably It is in the range of 1 to 10% by mass. From the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, it is preferably 1% by mass or more, and from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, it is preferably 10% by mass or less. A particularly preferred polymer concentration is 2 to 8% by weight.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is obtained from the above liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention can be used for a horizontal alignment type or a vertical alignment type liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal suitable for a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element such as a VA mode or a PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment) mode. It is an alignment film.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention comprises the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat between the pair of substrates. It is also preferably used for a liquid crystal display element manufactured through a process of polymerizing a polymerizable compound by at least one of irradiation with an active energy ray and heating while placing a substance and applying a voltage between electrodes.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, by performing the following steps (1) to (3) or steps (1) to (4) in this order.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is coated on one surface of the substrate by an appropriate coating method such as a roll coater method, a spin coat method, a printing method, an ink jet method, or the like to prepare a coating film.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is highly transparent, and in addition to a glass substrate and a silicon nitride substrate, a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can also be used.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can also be used.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used, and in this case, a light-reflecting material such as aluminum can be used for the electrodes.
- the coating film is baked for the purpose of preventing dripping of the applied aligning agent.
- preheating is performed first.
- the prebaking temperature is preferably 30 to 200°C, more preferably 40 to 150°C, and particularly preferably 40 to 100°C.
- the pre-baking time is preferably 0.25-10 minutes, more preferably 0.5-5 minutes.
- a heating (post-baking) step is preferably performed.
- the post-bake temperature is preferably 80-300°C, more preferably 120-250°C.
- the post-bake time is preferably 5-200 minutes, more preferably 10-100 minutes.
- the thickness of the film thus formed is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the coating film formed in the above steps (1) and (2) can be used as it is as a liquid crystal alignment film, but the coating film may be subjected to an alignment ability imparting treatment.
- Alignment imparting treatment includes rubbing treatment in which the coating film is rubbed in a fixed direction with a roll wrapped with a cloth made of fibers such as nylon, rayon, cotton, etc., and photo-alignment treatment in which the coating film is irradiated with polarized or non-polarized radiation. processing and the like.
- ultraviolet rays and visible rays including light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm can be used as the radiation to irradiate the coating film.
- the radiation When the radiation is polarized, it may be linearly polarized or partially polarized. Further, when the radiation used is linearly polarized or partially polarized, the irradiation may be performed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, from an oblique direction, or a combination thereof. When non-polarized radiation is applied, the direction of irradiation is oblique.
- Step of forming a liquid crystal layer between the pair of substrates to produce a liquid crystal cell (3-1) When manufacturing a VA liquid crystal display element Two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention formed on at least one of them are prepared, and a liquid crystal is arranged between the two substrates facing each other. Specifically, the following two methods are mentioned.
- the first method is a conventionally known method. First, two substrates are arranged to face each other with a gap (cell gap) interposed therebetween so that the respective liquid crystal alignment films face each other.
- a sealant is applied to the periphery of the two substrates and attached to each other, and a liquid crystal composition is injected and filled into the cell gap defined by the substrate surface and the sealant to contact the film surface, and then the injection hole is opened. Seal.
- the second method is a method called ODF (One Drop Fill) method.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- a predetermined place on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is coated with, for example, an ultraviolet light-curing sealant, and a liquid crystal composition is applied to several predetermined places on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film. drip.
- the other substrate is attached so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the liquid crystal composition is spread over the entire surface of the substrate and brought into contact with the film surface.
- the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant.
- liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and various liquid crystal compositions containing at least one liquid crystal compound (liquid crystal molecule) and having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy can be used.
- a liquid crystal composition with a positive dielectric anisotropy is also referred to as a positive liquid crystal
- a liquid crystal composition with a negative dielectric anisotropy is also referred to as a negative liquid crystal.
- the above liquid crystal composition contains a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a fluorine atom-containing group (e.g., trifluoromethyl group), a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an isothiocyanate group, a heterocyclic ring, a cycloalkane,
- a liquid crystal compound having a cycloalkene, a steroid skeleton, a benzene ring, or a naphthalene ring may be included, and a compound having two or more rigid sites (mesogenic skeleton) exhibiting liquid crystallinity in the molecule (for example, two rigid biphenyl structures or terphenyl structures linked by alkyl groups).
- the liquid crystal composition may be a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a nematic phase, a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a smectic phase, or a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a cholesteric phase.
- the liquid crystal composition may further contain an additive from the viewpoint of improving liquid crystal orientation.
- additives include photopolymerizable monomers such as compounds having a polymerizable group described below; optically active compounds (eg, S-811 manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd.); antioxidants; UV absorbers; dyes; antifoaming agents; polymerization initiators; or polymerization inhibitors.
- Positive liquid crystals include ZLI-2293, ZLI-4792, MLC-2003, MLC-2041, and MLC-7081 manufactured by Merck.
- Negative liquid crystals include, for example, MLC-6608, MLC-6609, MLC-6610, and MLC-7026-100 manufactured by Merck.
- MLC-3023 manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd. can be used as a liquid crystal containing a compound having a polymerizable group.
- the compound having a polymerizable group is a compound having one or more polymerizable unsaturated groups such as an acrylate group or a methacrylate group in the molecule as represented by the above formulas (M-1) to (M-6).
- the content is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of all polymer components.
- the polymerizable group may be present in the polymer used for the liquid crystal alignment agent, and such a polymer includes, for example, a diamine component containing a diamine having a photopolymerizable group at the end thereof, which is used in the reaction.
- a diamine component containing a diamine having a photopolymerizable group at the end thereof which is used in the reaction.
- the polymer obtained is mentioned.
- Step of irradiating the liquid crystal cell with light The liquid crystal cell is irradiated with light while a voltage is applied between the conductive films of the pair of substrates obtained in (3-2) or (3-3) above.
- the voltage applied here can be, for example, 5 to 50 V direct current or alternating current.
- As the light for irradiation for example, ultraviolet light containing light with a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm and visible light can be used, but ultraviolet light containing light with a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm is preferable.
- a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a deuterium lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excimer laser, or the like can be used as the light source for the irradiation light.
- the irradiation amount of light is preferably 1,000 to 200,000 J/m 2 , more preferably 1,000 to 100,000 J/m 2 .
- a liquid crystal display element can be obtained by bonding a polarizing plate to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell.
- a polarizing plate As the polarizing plate to be attached to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell, a polarizing film called "H film” in which polyvinyl alcohol is stretched and oriented while absorbing iodine is sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films, or the H film itself.
- a polarizing plate consisting of
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be effectively applied to various devices such as watches, portable games, word processors, notebook computers, car navigation systems, camcorders, PDAs, digital cameras, mobile phones, smart phones, It can be used for various display devices such as various monitors, liquid crystal televisions, and information displays.
- the polymer composition contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is a liquid crystal alignment film for a retardation film, a liquid crystal alignment film for a scanning antenna or a liquid crystal array antenna, or a liquid crystal alignment film for a transmission scattering type liquid crystal light control element, Alternatively, it can also be used for applications other than these, such as protective films for color filters, gate insulating films for flexible displays, and substrate materials.
- DC-1 to DC-2 compounds represented by the following formulas (DC-1) to (DC-2), respectively
- Molecular weights (number average molecular weights) of polyimide precursors and polyimides are measured using a room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) device (GPC-101) (manufactured by Showa Denko), a column (GPC KD-803, GPC KD-805 in series). (manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd.) and measured under the following conditions.
- GPC room temperature gel permeation chromatography
- the refractive index can be obtained by the following calculation formula (1) (Lorentz-Lorenz formula) from the polarizability obtained by optimizing the structure obtained by molecular orbital calculation for the target molecule.
- calculation formula (1) Lientz-Lorenz formula
- B3LYP was used as a functional and 6-31G* was used as a basis function.
- the refractive index is calculated at 550 nm.
- the UV spectrum is calculated using TD-B3LYP as the functional and 6-31G* as the basis function.
- Gaussian09 Revision C.01, M.J.
- Table 1 shows the calculation results.
- molecules (A) to (C) derived from specific diamines (DA-1) to (DA-3) are molecules (D) to (E) having no triazine ring and It exhibited a higher refractive index than the molecules (F) to (G) in which the side chain group bonded to the triazine ring had a long-chain alkyl group or a polycyclic structure such as cholesterol.
- DA-1-1 (16.7 g, 43.3 mmol, yield 87.0%, white solid) was obtained.
- THF 314 g
- 5% palladium carbon manufactured by NE Chemcat, 50 mass% water content, 1.57 g
- the precipitated solid was separated by filtration, and the cake was washed three times with a mixed solvent of water (72.0 g) and methanol (72.0 g) each heated to 50°C.
- Acetonitrile (404 g) was added to the washed solid to dissolve the solid under reflux conditions, and the insoluble component was removed by filtration.
- Methanol (100 g) was added to the crude product obtained by concentrating the obtained filtrate, and the mixture was stirred under heating conditions of 60° C. for 1 hour.
- the precipitated solid was collected by filtration and vacuum dried at 40° C. to obtain DA-2 (14.9 g, 46.2 mmol, yield 46.2%, pink solid). .
- DA-3 A diamine (DA-3) was synthesized according to the route shown below. Acetone (125 g) was added to 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine (12.5 g, 69.6 mmol) and cooled to 0°C. Aminothiophenol (19.2 g, 153 mmol), acetone (115 g), and 20% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (30.6 g) were added to form a homogeneous solution, and the solution cooled to 0° C. was added dropwise. After stirring at 0° C.
- Liquid crystal aligning agents (PAA-2) to (PAA-5) shown in Table 3 below were obtained by carrying out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyamic acid solution was changed to that shown in Table 3 below.
- solid content concentration represents the ratio with respect to the whole liquid crystal aligning agent other than the solvent component contained in a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Example 3 The mass ratio of the liquid crystal aligning agent (PAA-1) obtained in Example 1 and the liquid crystal aligning agent (PAA-5) obtained in Comparative Example 2 is 3:7 (PAA-5:PAA-1 ) and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours to prepare a liquid crystal aligning agent (PAA-b-1) of Example 4. Further, by carrying out in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the combination of the liquid crystal aligning agents used was changed to those shown in Table 4 below, Examples 5 to 6 and Comparative Example 3 shown in Table 4 below were obtained. Liquid crystal aligning agents (PAA-b-2) to (PAA-b-4) were prepared.
- a measurement cell was fabricated using two quartz substrates.
- the liquid crystal alignment agents prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were spin-coated on a quartz substrate, dried on a hot plate at 70°C for 90 seconds, and then baked in a hot air circulation oven at 230°C for 20 minutes. , to form a liquid crystal alignment film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- a quartz substrate on which no liquid crystal alignment film was formed was bonded together with the surface on which the liquid crystal alignment film was formed inside.
- a refractive liquid contact liquid manufactured by Shimadzu Device Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
- Refractive liquids were selected from among 11 types of 1.60 to 1.70 in increments of 0.01, and used according to each refractive index.
- a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation UV-2600) was used to measure the transmittance at a wavelength of 380 to 800 nm for the prepared measurement cell.
- Table 5 shows the results. Table 5 shows the average values of transmittance at wavelengths from 380 to 800 nm. As evaluation criteria, the case where the transmittance is greater than 99.90% is “excellent", the case where the transmittance is 99.90% or less and greater than 99.0% is “acceptable”, and the case where the transmittance is 99.0% or less is “improper”. evaluated as
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent using the specific diamines (DA-1) to (DA-3) is a liquid crystal alignment agent composed of a diamine component that does not contain a specific diamine. It exhibited a higher refractive index than the resulting liquid crystal alignment film. Further, the liquid crystal alignment films obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agents using the specific diamines (DA-1) to (DA-3) showed high light transmittance.
- liquid crystal aligning agent is spin-coated on the ITO surface of an ITO electrode substrate on which an ITO electrode pattern having a pixel size of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m and a line/space of 5 ⁇ m is formed, and dried on a hot plate at 70 ° C. for 90 seconds. and 230° C. in a hot air circulation oven for 30 minutes to form a liquid crystal alignment film with a thickness of 100 nm.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is spin-coated on the ITO surface on which the electrode pattern is not formed, dried on a hot plate at 70 ° C.
- a liquid crystal alignment film was formed. After spraying 4 ⁇ m bead spacers on the liquid crystal alignment film of one of the two substrates, a sealant (XN-1500T manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was printed thereon. Next, the surface of the other substrate on which the liquid crystal alignment film was formed was turned inside, and after bonding with the previous substrate, the sealant was thermally cured to prepare an empty cell.
- a sealant XN-1500T manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- a liquid crystal containing a polymerizable compound for PSA (MLC-3023, manufactured by Merck Ltd., negative type liquid crystal) was injected into this empty cell by a vacuum injection method to prepare a liquid crystal cell. After that, while a DC voltage of 15 V was applied to the liquid crystal cell, ultraviolet rays of 10 J/cm 2 were irradiated from the outside of the liquid crystal cell through a filter that cuts wavelengths of 325 nm or less. The ultraviolet illuminance was measured using UV-MO3A manufactured by ORC. After that, for the purpose of deactivating the unreacted polymerizable compound remaining in the liquid crystal cell, ultraviolet rays (UV lamp: FLR40SUV32/A-1) was irradiated for 30 minutes.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation of the vertical alignment property of each liquid crystal cell produced as described above.
- the evaluation method is as follows. Each liquid crystal cell was sandwiched between crossed nicol polarizing plates, and the liquid crystal cell was rotated in a state in which a backlight was applied from the rear, and whether or not the liquid crystal was vertically aligned was visually observed by changes in brightness. As the evaluation criteria, "O” indicates that the liquid crystal is vertically aligned, and "X” indicates that the liquid crystal is not vertically aligned. Results are shown in Table 6. As shown in Table 6, the liquid crystal alignment films obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agents using the specific diamines (DA-1) to (DA-3) exhibited good vertical alignment properties.
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Abstract
Description
VA(垂直配向)方式の液晶表示素子は、視野角が広く、応答速度が速く、コントラストが大きく、また、生産プロセス上もラビング処理が不要にできることから、特に、大型化のニーズが高いテレビ用やモニター用を中心に広く使用されている(特許文献2~3)。
特に、近年では4Kや8Kといった超高精細なパネルが開発されているが、これらのパネルではブラックマトリクス(BM)やTFTなどの占有率が大きくなり、パネルの開口率が低下してしまうため、表示部の透過率向上が重要視されている。
しかしながら、本発明者らが検討したところ、特許文献1に具体的に開示される、長鎖アルキル基やコレステロールなどの多環構造を有し、且つ、トリアジン骨格を有するジアミンを用いる手法は、屈折率を高める観点で改善の余地があることが分かった。
具体的には、液晶配向膜の屈折率を高めるために、液晶配向膜を形成する液晶配向剤に含有される重合体の種類を種々探索した。
本発明は、下記式(DT)で表される部分構造を有するジアミン(0)を含むジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(P)を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤、該液晶配向剤から得られた液晶配向膜、及び該液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子にある。
L1及びL2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-(CH2)n-(nは1~6の整数である。)、-NR’-、-(CH2)n-NR’-(nは1~6の整数である。)、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、又は-CO-O-を表し、R’は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。)
なお、本明細書全体を通して、ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等が挙げられ、*は結合手を表す。
上記式(DT)中の*は結合手を表し、*と結合するベンゼン環の任意の水素原子は1価の基で置き換えられてもよく、上記1価の基の具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、メトキシ基などが挙げられる。
上記式(DT)中のRのより好ましい具体例として、フッ素原子、塩素原子、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、メチルチオ基、エチルチオ基、トリフルオロメチルチオ基、ジメチルアミノ基、メチル基、エチル基、ビニル基、アリル基、メトキシメチル基、2-メトキシエトキシメチル基、アセチル基、ヒドロキシ基が挙げられる。
上記式(d0)中、Ld及びLd’は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-(CH2)n-(nは1~6の整数である。)、-NR’-、-(CH2)n-NR’-(nは1~6の整数である。)、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、又は-CO-O-を表し、R’は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、Ar及びAr’は、それぞれ独立して、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、ピリジン環、ピリミジン環、ピラジン環、ピリダジン環、トリアジン環、又はカルバゾール環が好ましく、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、又はトリアジン環がより好ましい。
Ld、Ld’は、それぞれ独立して、-NR’-、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、又は-CO-O-が好ましく、-NR’-、-O-、又は-S-がさらに好ましい。R’としては、水素原子、メチル基、又はtert-ブトキシカルボニル基が好ましい。
また、m及びm’は、それぞれ独立して、0~2の整数であり、好ましくは0または1である。
Ar、Ar’、LdおよびLd’が複数存在する場合、複数のAr、Ar’、LdおよびLd’は同じであってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体(P)は、上記ジアミン(0)を含有するジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である。ここにおいて、ポリイミド前駆体は、ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステルなどのイミド化することによりポリイミドを得ることができる重合体である。
上記重合体(P)のポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸(P’)は、上記ジアミン(0)を含有するジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分との重合反応により得ることができる。上記ジアミン(0)は、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
この場合、ジアミン(0)の使用量は、全ジアミン成分に対して、5モル%以上が好ましく、10モル%以上がより好ましく、20モル%以上がさらに好ましい。
G1は、炭素数6~12の2価の芳香族炭化水素基、及び炭素数4~8の2価の脂環式炭化水素基から選ばれる2価の環状基を表す。前記環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。
mは、1~4の整数である。mが2以上の場合、複数のX1、G1は、それぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。
R1はフッ素原子、炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルコキシ基、炭素数3~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のアルコキシ基、又は炭素数3~10のアルコキシアルキル基を表す。)
上記式(S2)において、G2におけるステロイド骨格を有する構造としては、コレスタニル基、コレステリル基又はラノスタニル基を含む構造が好ましい。
上記ポリアミック酸(P’)を製造する場合、ジアミン成分と反応させるテトラカルボン酸成分は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物だけでなく、テトラカルボン酸、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、又はテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライドなどのテトラカルボン酸二無水物の誘導体を用いることもできる。
ポリアミック酸の合成は、上記ジアミンを含むジアミン成分と、上記テトラカルボン酸二無水物またはその誘導体を含むテトラカルボン酸成分とを有機溶媒中で反応させることにより行われる。ポリアミック酸の合成反応に供されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとの使用割合は、ジアミンのアミノ基1当量に対して、テトラカルボン酸二無水物の酸無水物基が0.5~2当量となる割合が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.8~1.2当量となる割合である。通常の重縮合反応と同様に、このテトラカルボン酸二無水物の酸無水物基の当量が1当量に近いほど、生成するポリアミック酸の分子量は大きくなる。
ポリアミック酸の合成反応における反応温度は-20~150℃が好ましく、0~100℃がより好ましい。また、反応時間は0.1~24時間が好ましく、0.5~12時間がより好ましい。
ポリアミック酸の合成反応は任意の濃度で行うことができるが、反応液におけるポリアミック酸の濃度は、好ましくは1~50質量%、より好ましくは5~30質量%である。反応初期は高濃度で行い、その後、溶媒を追加することもできる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、例えば、[I]上記の方法で得られたポリアミック酸とエステル化剤とを反応させる方法、[II]テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンとを反応させる方法、[III]テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジハロゲン化物とジアミンとを反応させる方法、などの既知の方法によって得ることができる。
また、上記ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルなどのポリイミド前駆体を閉環(イミド化)させることによりポリイミドを得ることができる。なお、本明細書でいうイミド化率とは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物またはその誘導体由来のイミド基とカルボキシ基(またはその誘導体)との合計量に占めるイミド基の割合のことである。イミド化率は、必ずしも100%である必要はなく、用途や目的に応じて任意に調整できる。
本発明におけるポリイミド前駆体やポリイミドを合成するに際して、テトラカルボン酸二無水物またはその誘導体を含むテトラカルボン酸成分、及び上記ジアミンを含むジアミン成分とともに、適当な末端封止剤を用いて末端封止型の重合体を合成することとしてもよい。末端封止型の重合体は、塗膜によって得られる配向膜の膜硬度の向上や、シール剤と配向膜の密着特性の向上という効果を有する。
本発明におけるポリイミド前駆体やポリイミドの末端の例としては、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基又は後述する末端封止剤に由来する基が挙げられる。アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基は通常の縮合反応により得るか、又は以下の末端封止剤を用いて末端を封止することにより得ることができる。
ポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドのゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定したポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、好ましくは1,000~500,000であり、より好ましくは2,000~300,000である。また、上記Mwと、GPCにより測定したポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量(Mn)との比で表される分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、好ましくは15以下であり、より好ましくは10以下である。かかる分子量範囲にあることで、液晶表示素子の良好な配向性を確保することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、重合体(P)、及び必要に応じて使用されるその他の成分が、好ましくは適当な溶媒中に分散又は溶解してなる液状の組成物である。
その他の重合体は、一種を単独で使用してもよく、また二種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。その他の重合体の含有割合は、液晶配向剤中に含まれる重合体の合計100質量部に対して、90質量部以下が好ましく、10~90質量部がより好ましく、20~80質量部が更に好ましい。
架橋性化合物の好ましい具体例としては、下記式(CL-1)~(CL-11)で示される化合物が挙げられる。なお、下記式(CL-1)~(CL-11)で示される化合物は架橋性化合物の一例であり、これらに限定されない。また、本発明の液晶配向剤に用いる架橋性化合物は、1種類でも、2種類以上組み合わせても良い。
本発明の液晶配向剤における、架橋性化合物の含有量は、全ての重合体成分100質量部に対して、0.1~50質量部が好ましく、1~50質量部がより好ましく、1~30質量部が更に好ましい。
液晶配向膜の誘電率や電気抵抗を調整するための化合物としては、3-ピコリルアミンなどの窒素含有芳香族複素環を有するモノアミンが挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる。本発明の液晶配向膜は、水平配向型若しくは垂直配向型の液晶配向膜に用いることができるが、中でもVA方式又はPSA(Polymer Sustained Alignment)モード等の垂直配向型の液晶表示素子に好適な液晶配向膜である。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向膜を具備するものである。本発明の液晶配向剤は、電極を備えた一対の基板の間に液晶層を有してなり、一対の基板の間に活性エネルギー線及び熱の少なくとも一方により重合する重合性化合物を含む液晶組成物を配置し、電極間に電圧を印加しつつ、活性エネルギー線の照射及び加熱の少なくとも一方により、重合性化合物を重合させる工程を経て製造される液晶表示素子にも好ましく用いられる。
(1)液晶配向剤を、導電膜を有する一対の基板の少なくとも一方の基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程
パターニングされた透明導電膜が設けられている基板一対の基板の少なくとも一方の基板の一面に、本発明の液晶配向剤を、例えばロールコーター法、スピンコート法、印刷法、インクジェット法などの適宜の塗布方法により塗布して塗膜を作製する。ここで基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板とともに、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることもできる。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
液晶配向剤塗布後、塗布した配向剤の液垂れ防止等の目的で、上記塗膜を焼成する。好ましくは先ず予備加熱(プレベーク)が実施される。プレベーク温度は、好ましくは30~200℃であり、より好ましくは40~150℃であり、特に好ましくは40~100℃である。プレベーク時間は好ましくは0.25~10分であり、より好ましくは0.5~5分である。そして、加熱(ポストベーク)工程が実施されることが好ましい。このポストベーク温度は好ましくは80~300℃であり、より好ましくは120~250℃である。ポストベーク時間は好ましくは5~200分であり、より好ましくは10~100分である。このようにして形成される膜の膜厚は、5~300nmが好ましく、10~200nmがより好ましい。
(3)上記一対の基板の間に液晶層を形成して液晶セルを作製する工程
(3-1)VA方式の液晶表示素子を製造する場合
上記のようにして、2枚の基板のうちの少なくとも一方に本発明の液晶配向膜が形成された基板を2枚準備し、対向配置した2枚の基板間に液晶を配置する。具体的には以下の2つの方法が挙げられる。第一の方法は、従来から知られている方法である。先ず、それぞれの液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して2枚の基板を対向配置する。次いで、2枚の基板の周辺部にシール剤を塗布して貼り合わせ、基板表面及びシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶組成物を注入充填して膜面に接触した後、注入孔を封止する。
いずれの方法による場合でも、更に、用いた液晶組成物が等方相をとる温度まで加熱した後、室温まで徐冷することにより、液晶充填時の流動配向を除去することが望ましい。
上記液晶組成物としては、特に制限はなく、少なくとも一種の液晶化合物(液晶分子)を含む組成物であって、誘電率異方性が正または負の各種の液晶組成物を用いることができる。なお、以下では、誘電率異方性が正の液晶組成物を、ポジ型液晶ともいい、誘電異方性が負の液晶組成物を、ネガ型液晶ともいう。
上記液晶組成物は、フッ素原子、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、フッ素原子含有基(例えば、トリフルオロメチル基)、シアノ基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルケニル基、イソチオシアネート基、複素環、シクロアルカン、シクロアルケン、ステロイド骨格、ベンゼン環、又はナフタレン環を有する液晶化合物を含んでもよく、分子内に液晶性を発現する剛直な部位(メソゲン骨格)を2つ以上有する化合物(例えば、剛直な二つのビフェニル構造、又はターフェニル構造がアルキル基で連結されたバイメソゲン化合物)を含んでもよい。液晶組成物は、ネマチック相を呈する液晶組成物、スメクチック相を呈する液晶組成物、又はコレステリック相を呈する液晶組成物であってもよい。
また、上記液晶組成物は、液晶配向性を向上させる観点から、添加物をさらに添加してもよい。このような添加物は、下記する重合性基を有する化合物などの光重合性モノマー;光学活性な化合物(例:メルク(株)社製のS-811など);酸化防止剤;紫外線吸収剤;色素;消泡剤;重合開始剤;又は重合禁止剤などが挙げられる。
ポジ型液晶としては、メルク社製のZLI-2293、ZLI-4792、MLC-2003、MLC-2041、又はMLC-7081などが挙げられる。
ネガ型液晶としては、例えばメルク社製のMLC-6608、MLC-6609、MLC-6610、又はMLC-7026-100などが挙げられる。
また、PSAモードでは、重合性基を有する化合物を含有する液晶として、メルク社製のMLC-3023が挙げられる。
重合性基を有する化合物を含有する液晶組成物を注入又は滴下する点以外は上記(3-1)と同様にする。重合性基を有する化合物としては、例えば、下記式(M-1)~(M-6)などの重合性基を有する化合物を挙げることができる。
上記(3-1)と同様にした後、後述する紫外線を照射する工程を経て液晶表示素子を製造する方法を採用してもよい。この方法によれば、上記PSA方式の液晶表示素子を製造する場合と同様に、少ない光照射量で応答速度に優れた液晶表示素子を得ることができる。重合性基を有する化合物は、上記式(M-1)~(M-6)で表されるようなアクリレート基やメタクリレート基などの重合性不飽和基を分子内に1個以上有する化合物であってもよく、その含有量は、全ての重合体成分100質量部に対して0.1~30質量部であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1~20質量部である。また、上記重合性基は液晶配向剤に用いる重合体が有していてもよく、このような重合体としては、例えば上記光重合性基を末端に有するジアミンを含むジアミン成分を反応に用いて得られる重合体が挙げられる。
上記(3-2)又は(3-3)で得られた一対の基板の有する導電膜間に電圧を印加した状態で液晶セルに光照射する。ここで印加する電圧は、例えば5~50Vの直流又は交流とすることができる。また、照射する光としては、例えば150~800nmの波長の光を含む紫外線及び可視光線を用いることができるが、300~400nmの波長の光を含む紫外線が好ましい。照射光の光源としては、例えば低圧水銀ランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、重水素ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、アルゴン共鳴ランプ、キセノンランプ、エキシマレーザーなどを使用することができる。光の照射量としては、好ましくは1,000~200,000J/m2であり、より好ましくは1,000~100,000J/m2である。
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
[粘度]
E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL(ミリリットル)、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃において測定した。
[分子量の測定]
ポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドなどの分子量(数平均分子量)は、常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101)(昭和電工社製)、カラム(GPC KD-803,GPC KD-805の直列)(昭和電工社製)を用いて、以下の条件で測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム一水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L(リットル)、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10mL/L)
流速:1.0mL/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量;約900,000、150,000、100,000及び30,000)(東ソー社製)及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量;約12,000、4,000及び1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー社製)。
(n2-1)/(n2+2)=4πα/3V・・・・(1)
(上記計算式(1)において、nは屈折率、αは分極率、Vはモノマー当たりの体積を表す。Vは下記の計算式(2)により求めることができる。)
V=Vvdw/Kp・・・・(2)
(上記計算式(2)において、Vvdwはモノマーの分子体積、Kpは充填係数(0.681)を表す。)
式(DA-1)~(DA-3)で表される化合物の合成法を、以下に詳述する。なお、式(DA-1)で表される化合物及び式(DA-3)で表される化合物は、文献等未公開の新規化合物である。
装置:フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)「AVANCE III」(BRUKER製)500MHz。
溶媒:重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド([D6]-DMSO、標準物質:テトラメチルシラン)、重水素化クロロホルム(CDCl3、標準物質:テトラメチルシラン)。
<モノマー合成例1:(DA-1)の合成>
下記に示す経路に従って、ジアミン(DA-1)を合成した。
以下に示す1H-NMRの結果から、この固体がジアミン(DA-1)であることを確認した。
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=6.94(d,4H,J=8.8Hz),6.65(d,4H,J=8.8Hz),3.92(s,3H),3.65(br,4H)
下記に示す経路に従って、ジアミン(DA-2)を合成した。
以下に示す1H-NMRの結果から、この固体がジアミン(DA-2)であることを確認した。
1H-NMR(500MHz,[D6]-DMSO):δ(ppm)=9.13-9.10(m,2H),7.28(s,4H),6.48(s,4H),4.80(s,4H),3.81(s,3H)
下記に示す経路に従って、ジアミン(DA-3)を合成した。
以下に示す1H-NMRの結果から、この固体がジアミン(DA-3)であることを確認した。
1H-NMR(500MHz,[D6]-DMSO):δ(ppm)=7.12(d,4H,J=8.6Hz),6.58(d,4H,J=8.6Hz),5.54(br,4H),3.69(s,3H)
<合成例1>
撹拌装置付き50mL四つ口フラスコに、ジアミン成分としてDA-1を1.46g(4.50mmol)及びDA-5を2.08g(10.5mmol)量り取り、NMPを24.8g加えて、撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分としてDC-1を2.82g(14.4mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを11.3g加え、室温で15時間撹拌してポリアミック酸(A-1)(粘度:638mPa・s、数平均分子量:14,085)の溶液を得た。
ジアミン成分およびテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分を下記表2に示すものに変更したこと以外は、合成例1と同様に実施することにより、下記表2に示すポリアミック酸(A-2)~(A-5)の溶液を得た。得られたポリアミック酸の粘度、分子量は、下記表2に示す。
<実施例1>
上記で得たポリアミック酸(A-1)の溶液(4.8g)にNMP(6.0g)及びBCS(7.2g)を加え室温で10時間撹拌して、液晶配向剤に占めるポリアミック酸(A-1)の濃度が4質量%、溶媒組成比がNMP:BCS=56:40(質量比)となる液晶配向剤(PAA-1)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液を下記表3に示すものに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に実施することにより、下記表3に示す液晶配向剤(PAA-2)~(PAA-5)を得た。尚、表中「固形分濃度」とは、液晶配向剤に含まれる溶媒成分以外の、液晶配向剤全体に対する割合を表す。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(PAA-1)と比較例2で得られた液晶配向剤(PAA-5)とを、それぞれの質量比が3:7(PAA-5:PAA-1)となるように混合して、室温で3時間撹拌し、実施例4の液晶配向剤(PAA-b-1)を調製した。
また、使用する液晶配向剤の組み合わせを下記表4に示すものに変更した以外は実施例4と同様に実施することにより、それぞれ、下記表4に示す、実施例5~6及び比較例3の液晶配向剤(PAA-b-2)~(PAA-b-4)を調製した。
上記実施例1~3及び比較例1で調製した液晶配向剤を、シリコンウエハーにスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。次に、分光エリプソメーターM-2000(J.A.Woollam社製)を使用し、CAUCHYモデルによるフィッティングを行って、波長250~800nmにおける屈折率を測定した。結果を表5に示す。表5には波長550nmにおける屈折率を記した。評価基準として、屈折率が1.630以上の場合を「優良」とし、1.630未満の場合を「不可」とした。
石英基板を二枚使用して測定セルを作製した。上記実施例1~3及び比較例1で調製した液晶配向剤を、石英基板にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
液晶配向膜を形成した側の面を内側にして、液晶配向膜を形成していない石英基板を貼り合わせた。その間に屈折液(島津デバイス製造社製 接触液)を、スポイトを用いて挿入し、測定セルを作製した。屈折液は1.60~1.70の0.01刻み11種類の中から、それぞれの屈折率に合わせて使用した。作製した測定セルに対し、紫外可視分光光度計(島津製作所社製 UV-2600)を使用し、波長380~800nmにおける透過率を測定した。
上記実施例4~6及び比較例3で調製した液晶配向剤を用いて、以下のようにして液晶セルを作製した。
各液晶配向剤を、画素サイズが100μm×300μmでライン/スペースがそれぞれ5μmのITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
また、液晶配向剤を電極パターンが形成されていないITO面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥させた後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
上記の2枚の基板について一方の基板の液晶配向膜上に4μmのビーズスペーサーを散布した後、その上からシール剤(三井化学社製 XN-1500T)を印刷した。次いで、もう一方の基板の液晶配向膜が形成された側の面を内側にして、先の基板と貼り合せた後、シール剤を熱硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルにPSA用重合性化合物含有液晶(MLC-3023、メルク社製、ネガ型液晶)を減圧注入法によって注入し、液晶セルを作製した。
その後、この液晶セルに15Vの直流電圧を印加した状態で、この液晶セルの外側から325nm以下の波長をカットするフィルターを通した紫外線を10J/cm2照射した。なお、紫外線の照度は、ORC社製UV-MO3Aを用いて測定した。その後、液晶セル中に残存している未反応の重合性化合物を失活させる目的で、電圧を印加していない状態でUV-FL照射装置(東芝ライテック社製)を用いて紫外線(UVランプ:FLR40SUV32/A-1)を30分間照射した。
上記のようにして作製した各液晶セルの垂直配向性の評価を表6に示す。評価方法は以下のとおりである。各液晶セルをクロスニコルの偏光板で挟み、後部からバックライトを照射した状態で、液晶セルを回転させて、明暗の変化で液晶が垂直配向しているかを目視にて観察した。評価基準は、液晶が垂直配向している場合を「〇」、液晶が垂直配向していない場合を「×」とした。結果を、表6に示す。
Claims (16)
- 下記式(DT)で表される部分構造を有するジアミン(0)を含むジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(P)を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
L1及びL2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-(CH2)n-(nは1~6の整数である。)、-NR’-、-(CH2)n-NR’-(nは1~6の整数である。)、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、又は-CO-O-を表し、R’は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。) - 前記ジアミン(0)が、下記式(d0)で表されるジアミンである、請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
Ld及びLd’は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-(CH2)n-(nは1~6の整数である。)、-NR’-、-(CH2)n-NR’-(nは1~6の整数である。)、-O-、-S-、-O-CO-、又は-CO-O-を表し、R’は水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、
m及びm’は、それぞれ独立して、0~2の整数であり、
Ar、Ar’、LdおよびLd’が複数存在する場合、複数のAr、Ar’、LdおよびLd’は同じであってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。) - 前記重合体(P)が、前記ジアミン成分と、下記式(T)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を含有するテトラカルボン酸成分と、の重合反応により得られる請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ジアミン(0)の使用量が、全ジアミン成分に対して、5モル%以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記液晶配向剤が、さらに、その他のジアミンとして、下記式(d1)又は(d2)で表されるジアミン、p-フェニレンジアミン、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、2,2’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノ-2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ビフェニル、光配向性基を有するジアミン、ラジカル開始機能を有するジアミン、光重合性基を末端に有するジアミン、下記式(z-1)~(z-13)で表されるジアミン、下記式(5-1)~(5-13)で表されるジアミン、下記式(Ox-1)~(Ox-2)で表されるジアミンを含有するジアミン成分を用いて得られるポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体を含有する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
G1は、炭素数6~12の2価の芳香族炭化水素基及び炭素数4~8の2価の脂環式炭化水素基から選ばれる2価の環状基を表し、前記環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよく、
mは、1~4の整数であり、mが2以上の場合、複数のX1、G1は、それぞれ独立して上記定義を有し、
R1はフッ素原子、炭素数1~10のフッ素原子含有アルキル基、炭素数1~10のフッ素原子含有アルコキシ基、炭素数3~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のアルコキシ基、又は炭素数3~10のアルコキシアルキル基を表し、*は結合手を表す。)
- 前記その他のジアミンが前記式(d1)又は(d2)で表されるジアミンである、請求項7に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項9に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 以下の工程(1)~(3)をこの順に行う、液晶表示素子の製造方法。
工程(1):請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を、導電膜を有する一対の基板の少なくとも一方の基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程
工程(2):前記塗膜を焼成する工程
工程(3):前記一対の基板の間に液晶層を形成して液晶セルを作製する工程 - 工程(1)~(3)の後に、以下の工程(4)をさらに行う、請求項11に記載の液晶表示素子の製造方法。
工程(4):前記液晶セルに光を照射する工程 - 請求項13又は14に記載のジアミンを含むジアミン成分から得られる重合体。
- 請求項14又は15に記載のジアミンを含むジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分との重縮合反応により得られるポリイミド前駆体又はそのイミド化物であるポリイミド。
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KR20090058994A (ko) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-10 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 트리아진 고리를 이용한 1개 이상의 광활성 그룹을 갖는폴리이미드계 감광성 고분자 액정배향제 조성물, 이를이용한 감광성 고분자 액정배향막의 제조방법 및 상기액정배향막을 포함하는 액정표시소자 |
JP2011042612A (ja) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-03-03 | Yasuo Saegusa | 重合性化合物、硬化物及び重合性化合物の製造方法 |
US20130123438A1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Cheil Industries Inc. | Liquid Crystal Alignment Agent, Liquid Crystal Alignment Film Manufactured Using the Same, and Liquid Crystal Display Device Including the Liquid Crystal Alignment Film |
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KR20090058994A (ko) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-10 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 트리아진 고리를 이용한 1개 이상의 광활성 그룹을 갖는폴리이미드계 감광성 고분자 액정배향제 조성물, 이를이용한 감광성 고분자 액정배향막의 제조방법 및 상기액정배향막을 포함하는 액정표시소자 |
JP2011042612A (ja) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-03-03 | Yasuo Saegusa | 重合性化合物、硬化物及び重合性化合物の製造方法 |
US20130123438A1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Cheil Industries Inc. | Liquid Crystal Alignment Agent, Liquid Crystal Alignment Film Manufactured Using the Same, and Liquid Crystal Display Device Including the Liquid Crystal Alignment Film |
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