WO2022190673A1 - 表示装置 - Google Patents
表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022190673A1 WO2022190673A1 PCT/JP2022/002406 JP2022002406W WO2022190673A1 WO 2022190673 A1 WO2022190673 A1 WO 2022190673A1 JP 2022002406 W JP2022002406 W JP 2022002406W WO 2022190673 A1 WO2022190673 A1 WO 2022190673A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- retarder element
- retarder
- film
- retardation
- coefficient
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
- B32B2457/206—Organic displays, e.g. OLED
Definitions
- the present invention relates to display devices.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a ⁇ /2 portion and a ⁇ /4 portion are laminated. Since the optical laminate described in Patent Document 1 has a phase difference close to ⁇ /4 over the entire visible light range, it functions as an elliptically polarizing plate having an ellipticity of 97% or more over the entire visible light range when combined with a linear polarizer. . By arranging this on a light reflecting layer of an OLED display device or the like, external light reflection can be suppressed in a wide range of the visible light region.
- the optical laminate described in Patent Document 1 has insufficient viewing angle compensation. Therefore, the performance of the optical layered body described in Patent Document 1 is limited when the display device is viewed substantially from the front, and when viewed at an angle, the external light reflectance increases and the display performance deteriorates. was there.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a display device capable of maintaining display performance even when an image is viewed at an angle.
- a display device includes: A light-reflective image display layer and an elliptically polarizing plate laminated on the image display surface of the light-reflective image display layer,
- the elliptically polarizing plate has a polarizer, a ⁇ /2 part and a ⁇ /4 part,
- the polarizer, the ⁇ /2 part and the ⁇ /4 part are arranged in the order of the ⁇ /4 part, the ⁇ /2 part and the polarizer from the light-reflective image display layer side,
- the first retarder element, the second retarder element, the second retarder element, and the first retarder element are the first retarder element and the second retarder element.
- the first retarder element has reverse wavelength dispersion and is an element that provides an in-plane retardation of approximately ⁇ /4, and the second retarder element provides a thickness direction retardation.
- ReM45 is the in-plane retardation of the light-reflective image display layer at a wavelength of 550 nm on a projection surface having an inclination angle of 45° with respect to the thickness direction of the light-reflective image display layer, and the wavelength of 550 nm at the ⁇ /4 part is ReoQ is the in-plane retardation at , and the ⁇ coefficient ( ⁇ ) of the light-reflective image display layer is represented by the formula (A), where the Nz coefficient (Nz) of the ⁇ /4 part and the ⁇ coefficient ( ⁇ ) satisfies the relationship shown in the formula (B).
- ⁇ ReM45/ReoQ (A) 4.5 ⁇ 0.160 ⁇ Nz ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ +0.955 (B)
- the first retarder element may be a positive A plate that gives approximately ⁇ /4 as an in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the second retarder element may be a positive C plate that gives a retardation in the thickness direction.
- the third retarder element and the first retarder element are laminated in the order of the third retarder element and the first retarder element from the light-reflective image display layer side. and the first retarder element of the ⁇ /4 portion is an element that has reverse wavelength dispersion and provides an in-plane retardation of approximately ⁇ /4,
- the third retarder element may be a positive C-plate that provides thickness retardation.
- the first retarder element of the ⁇ /4 part is a positive A plate that provides a phase difference of approximately ⁇ /4 as an in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm
- the third retarder element is , a positive C-plate or a negative C-plate that provides a retardation in the thickness direction.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a display device capable of maintaining display performance even when an image is obliquely viewed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a display device including an optical layered body according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the slow axis of ⁇ /2 part, the slow axis of ⁇ /4 part, and the transmission axis of the polarizer.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing for explaining the ⁇ coefficient of the image display layer.
- FIG. 4 is a chart (Table 2) showing the results of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-6.
- FIG. 5 is a graph plotting the Nz coefficient against the ⁇ coefficient in FIG. 4 (Table 2).
- a retarder in this disclosure means an optical medium having birefringence.
- Birefringence refers to an optical property in which the difference in refractive index in at least two of the three orthogonal directions exceeds 0.02.
- nx represents the principal refractive index in the direction parallel to the plane of the retarder in the refractive index ellipsoid formed by the retarder.
- ny represents the refractive index in the direction parallel to the retarder plane and orthogonal to the nx direction in the refractive index ellipsoid formed by the retarder.
- nz represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the retarder in the refractive index ellipsoid formed by the retarder.
- the retardation Re is a physical quantity representing the anisotropy of the retarder.
- Retardation Re includes in-plane retardation Reo and thickness direction retardation Reth.
- An in-plane retardation Reo( ⁇ ) at a wavelength ⁇ (nm) is expressed by Equation (1).
- d in the formula (1) represents the thickness (nm) of the retarder.
- Reo( ⁇ ) (nx ⁇ ny) ⁇ d (1)
- a thickness direction retardation Reth( ⁇ ) at a wavelength ⁇ (nm) is represented by the formula (2).
- d in the formula (2) is the retarder thickness (nm), like d in the formula (1).
- Reth( ⁇ ) - ⁇ nz-(nx+ny)/2 ⁇ d (2)
- the in-plane retardation Reo and the thickness direction retardation Reth can be adjusted by changing the thickness d of the slow retarder.
- a positive A plate is a retarder whose refractive index in each direction satisfies the relationship of formula (3). Unless otherwise stated, the slow axis of the positive A-plate is parallel to nx, and ny ⁇ nz represents the condition where the difference between ny and nz is less than 0.02. nx>ny ⁇ nz (3)
- a positive A plate can act as a ⁇ /4 plate.
- the ⁇ /4 plate can have an in-plane retardation of approximately ⁇ /4 at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the in-plane retardation Reo(550) at a wavelength of 550 nm of a ⁇ /4 plate having an in-plane retardation of approximately ⁇ /4 can be within the range of formula (4). 92 nm ⁇ Reo(550) ⁇ 183 nm (4)
- a preferable value range of Reo(550) of the ⁇ /4 plate is preferably 100 nm or more and 160 nm or less, more preferably 110 nm or more and 150 nm or less.
- the thickness direction retardation Reth (550) of the ⁇ /4 plate at a wavelength of 550 nm can be within the range of formula (6). 46 nm ⁇ Reth(550) ⁇ 92 nm (6)
- a suitable value range for Reth(550) is preferably 50 nm or more and 80 nm or less, more preferably 55 nm or more and 75 nm or less.
- a positive C plate is a retarder whose refractive index in each direction satisfies the relationship of Equation (7). Unless otherwise stated, the slow axis is parallel to nz, and nx ⁇ ny represents the condition where the difference between nx and ny is less than 0.02. nx ⁇ ny ⁇ nz (7)
- a negative C plate is a retarder whose refractive index in each direction satisfies the relationship of formula (8). Unless otherwise stated, the slow axis lies in the plane spanned by the nx and ny axes, and the fast axis is parallel to the nz axis.
- nx ⁇ ny represents a state where the difference between nx and ny is less than 0.02. nx ⁇ ny>nz (8)
- wavelength dispersion The dispersion relationship between wavelength and retardation is also simply referred to as wavelength dispersion.
- a retarder that satisfies the formulas (9) and (10) is called reverse wavelength dispersion, or simply reverse dispersion. Re(450)/Re(550) ⁇ 1.00 (9) 1.00 ⁇ Re(650)/Re(550) (10)
- Re(450)/Re(550) of the retarder in the present disclosure is preferably 0.90 or less, more preferably 0.85 or less, usually 0.60 or more, preferably 0.70 or more is.
- Re(650)/Re(550) of the retarder in the present disclosure is preferably 1.02 or more, more preferably 1.10 or more, and usually 1.30 or less, preferably 1.02 or more. 20 or less.
- a retarder that satisfies the formulas (11) and (12) is called positive wavelength dispersion or simply positive dispersion. Re(450)/Re(550)>1.00 (11) 1.00>Re(650)/Re(550) (12)
- Timing laminate An optical layered body in which a plurality of retarders are laminated may be referred to as a retarder layered body.
- Nz coefficient The Nz coefficient (Nz) of the retarder can be expressed by Equation (13).
- ReoG the in-plane retardation of the entire retarder laminate
- RethG the thickness direction retardation of the entire retarder laminate at a wavelength ⁇ (nm) (for example, a wavelength of 550 nm).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a display device according to one embodiment.
- the display device 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a light-reflective image display layer 10 (hereinafter simply referred to as “image display layer 10 ”) and an elliptical polarizer 20 .
- image display layer 10 a light-reflective image display layer 10
- elliptical polarizer 20 an elliptical polarizer 20 .
- the elliptically polarizing plate also includes the concept of a circularly polarizing plate.
- the image display layer 10 forms an image inside and displays the image on the image display surface 10a.
- the image display layer 10 includes an element structure and the like for forming an image. Therefore, the metal electrode for the wiring portion, the high refractive index layer for the resonator structure of the sub-pixel, the black matrix, and the like included in the element structure function as a reflective portion that reflects light. Therefore, the image display layer 10 has light reflectivity for reflecting light incident on the display device 100 from the elliptically polarizing plate 20 side, and functions as a light reflection layer in the display device 100 . Reflected light in which the light reflected by the metal electrode for the wiring portion, the high refractive index layer for the resonator structure of the sub-pixel, the black matrix, etc. included in the image display layer 10 as the light reflection layer is integrated. is sometimes referred to as "external reflected light" in this embodiment.
- the image display layer 10 may have flexibility that allows it to bend, or it may have rigidity that it cannot bend.
- the image display layer 10 is configured to form an image on the image display surface 10a, the layer configuration and materials are not limited.
- the image display layer 10 is, for example, a portion (or layer) formed from electrodes and wiring using metals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, and aluminum, alloys thereof, etc., resin It can be a multi-layer stack of films, bank materials, dielectric parts such as light emitting elements, and other layers.
- the image display layer 10 is, for example, a flat panel display device.
- An example of a flat panel display is a thin (or panel-like) organic electroluminescent display (hereinafter also referred to as an "OLED display").
- the display device exemplified as the image display layer 10 is a device that does not include a member for optical compensation on the image display surface.
- an electrode for example, a metal electrode included in the OLED display device is the reflective portion.
- An OLED display device has a thin film structure in which a layer of organic light emitting material is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes facing each other. Electrons are injected into this organic light emitting material layer from one electrode and holes are injected from the other electrode, so that electrons and holes are combined in the organic light emitting material layer to emit light by themselves.
- the electrode on the image display surface 10a side has a function of transmitting light from the organic light emitting material layer, while the other electrode transmits light from the organic light emitting material layer to the image display surface 10a. It has the function of reflecting toward Therefore, the other electrode typically functions as a reflector in an OLED display.
- OLED display devices have the advantages of better visibility, the ability to be made thinner, and the ability to be driven with a low DC voltage, compared to liquid crystal display devices that require a backlight.
- the elliptically polarizing plate 20 is laminated on the image display layer 10 .
- an image is viewed from the elliptically polarizing plate 20 side. Therefore, the side opposite to the image display layer 10 with respect to the elliptically polarizing plate 20 is also referred to as the "visible side".
- the elliptically polarizing plate 20 has a polarizer 31 and an optical laminate 40 . As shown in FIG. 1, in the elliptically polarizing plate 20, the polarizer 31 and the optical layered body 40 are arranged in this order from the viewing side.
- the polarizer 31 is laminated on the optical laminate 40 .
- the polarizer 31 is an absorptive film having a property of absorbing linearly polarized light having a plane of vibration parallel to its absorption axis and transmitting linearly polarized light having a plane of vibration perpendicular to the absorption axis (parallel to the transmission axis). can be.
- a film in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed and oriented on a uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol resin film can be preferably used.
- the polarizer 31 is, for example, a process of uniaxially stretching a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film; a process of dyeing the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film with a dichroic dye to adsorb a dichroic dye; It can be produced by a method including a step of treating a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film with a cross-linking liquid such as an aqueous boric acid solution; and a step of washing with water after the treatment with the cross-linking liquid.
- a cross-linking liquid such as an aqueous boric acid solution
- polyvinyl alcohol-based resin saponified polyvinyl acetate-based resin can be used.
- polyvinyl acetate-based resins include polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and copolymers of vinyl acetate with other monomers that can be copolymerized.
- examples of other monomers copolymerizable with vinyl acetate include unsaturated carboxylic acids, olefins, vinyl ethers, unsaturated sulfonic acids, and (meth)acrylamides having an ammonium group.
- (meth)acrylic means at least one selected from acrylic and methacrylic. The same applies to “(meth)acryloyl”, “(meth)acrylate” and the like.
- the thickness of the polarizer 31 is usually 30 ⁇ m or less, preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 13 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the polarizer 31 is usually 2 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3 ⁇ m or more.
- a cured film in which a liquid crystal compound is polymerized and a dichroic dye oriented in the cured film may be used.
- the dichroic dye those having absorption in the wavelength range of 380 to 800 nm can be used, and organic dyes are preferably used.
- Dichroic dyes include, for example, azo compounds.
- a liquid crystal compound is a liquid crystal compound that can be polymerized while being aligned, and can have a polymerizable group in its molecule.
- a polarizing film may be formed from a dichroic dye having liquid crystallinity.
- the visibility correction polarization degree of the polarizer 31 is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more. Although the upper limit is not particularly limited, it is 99.9999% or less. Further, the luminosity correction single transmittance of the polarizing film is preferably 35% or more, more preferably 40% or more. Although the upper limit is not particularly limited, it is 49.9% or less.
- a protective film 32 may be provided on one side or both sides of the polarizer 31 .
- a laminate in which the protective film 32 is laminated on the polarizer 31 may also be referred to as a linear polarizing plate 30 .
- the protective film 32 can be a translucent (preferably optically transparent) thermoplastic resin.
- the protective film 32 is made of, for example, a polyolefin resin such as a chain polyolefin resin (polypropylene resin, etc.) or a cyclic polyolefin resin (norbornene resin, etc.); a cellulose resin such as triacetyl cellulose or diacetyl cellulose; polyethylene terephthalate.
- polyester resins such as polybutylene terephthalate; polycarbonate resins; (meth) acrylic resins such as methyl methacrylate resins; polystyrene resins; polyvinyl chloride resins; acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins; Styrene-based resin; polyvinyl acetate-based resin; polyvinylidene chloride-based resin; polyamide-based resin; polyacetal-based resin; modified polyphenylene ether-based resin; polysulfone-based resin; It can be a film made of polyimide resin or the like.
- the retardation value of the protective film 32 may be appropriately controlled to a suitable value.
- the in-plane retardation value at a wavelength of 550 nm may be 70 to 140 nm.
- the thickness of the protective film 32 is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 60 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 55 ⁇ m, even more preferably 15 to 40 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of strength, handleability, etc. .
- the two protective films 32 When the protective films 32 are laminated on both sides of the polarizer 31, the two protective films 32 may be made of the same kind of thermoplastic resin or different kinds of thermoplastic resins. Moreover, the two protective films 32 may have the same thickness or may have different thicknesses. Furthermore, the two protective films 32 may have the same retardation properties or different retardation properties.
- At least one of the protective films 32 has a hard coat layer, an antiglare layer, a light diffusion layer, an antireflection layer, and a low refractive index layer on its outer surface (the surface opposite to the polarizer 31). , an antistatic layer, and a surface treatment layer (coating layer) such as an antifouling layer.
- the thickness of the protective film 32 includes the thickness of the surface treatment layer.
- the protective film 32 can be attached to the polarizer 31 via an adhesive layer or a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, for example.
- an adhesive layer a water-based adhesive, an active energy ray-curable adhesive or a thermosetting adhesive can be used, preferably a water-based adhesive or an active energy ray-curable adhesive.
- the adhesive layer those described later can be used.
- water-based adhesives include adhesives made from aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, water-based two-liquid urethane-based emulsion adhesives, and the like. Among them, a water-based adhesive composed of an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol resin solution is preferably used.
- Polyvinyl alcohol-based resins include vinyl alcohol homopolymers obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and copolymers of vinyl acetate with other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- a polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained by saponifying a polymer, or a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer obtained by partially modifying the hydroxyl groups thereof can be used.
- the water-based adhesive can contain cross-linking agents such as aldehyde compounds (glyoxal, etc.), epoxy compounds, melamine compounds, methylol compounds, isocyanate compounds, amine compounds, polyvalent metal salts, and the like.
- a drying process to remove water contained in the water-based adhesive after bonding the polarizer 31 and the protective film 32 together.
- a curing step of curing at a temperature of, for example, 20 to 45°C may be provided.
- the active energy ray-curable adhesive is an adhesive containing a curable compound that is cured by irradiation with an active energy ray such as ultraviolet rays, visible light, electron beams, and X-rays, and is preferably an ultraviolet curable adhesive. is.
- the curable compound can be a cationic polymerizable curable compound or a radically polymerizable curable compound.
- cationic polymerizable curable compounds include epoxy compounds (compounds having one or more epoxy groups in the molecule) and oxetane compounds (one or two or more oxetane rings in the molecule). compound), or a combination thereof.
- radically polymerizable curable compounds include (meth)acrylic compounds (compounds having one or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule) and radically polymerizable double bonds. Other vinyl-based compounds or combinations thereof can be included.
- a cationic polymerizable curable compound and a radically polymerizable curable compound may be used in combination.
- the active energy ray-curable adhesive usually further contains a cationic polymerization initiator and/or a radical polymerization initiator for initiating the curing reaction of the curable compound.
- the bonding surface of at least one of them may be subjected to a surface activation treatment in order to enhance the adhesiveness.
- Surface activation treatments include dry treatments such as corona treatment, plasma treatment, discharge treatment (glow discharge treatment, etc.), flame treatment, ozone treatment, UV ozone treatment, ionizing active ray treatment (ultraviolet treatment, electron beam treatment, etc.). ; ultrasonic treatment using a solvent such as water or acetone, saponification treatment, and wet treatment such as anchor coating treatment can be mentioned.
- These surface activation treatments may be performed singly or in combination of two or more.
- the adhesive for laminating these protective films 32 may be the same type of adhesive or a different type of adhesive.
- the optical layered body 40 is arranged between the polarizer 31 (the linear polarizing plate 30 in the form shown in FIG. 1) and the image display layer 10 in the display device 100 .
- the optical laminate 40 has a ⁇ /2 portion 41 and a ⁇ /4 portion 42 .
- the ⁇ /2 portion 41 and the ⁇ /4 portion 42 are arranged in the order of ⁇ /2 portion 41 and ⁇ /4 portion 42 from the viewing side.
- the slow axes of the ⁇ /2 part 41 and the ⁇ /4 part are parallel to nx unless otherwise specified.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the slow axis 41 a of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 , the slow axis 42 a of the ⁇ /4 portion 42 and the transmission axis 31 a of the polarizer 31 .
- the angle ⁇ 1 between the slow axis 41a of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 and the slow axis 42a of the ⁇ /4 portion is approximately oriented to be 60°. Approximately 60° means a range of 60° ⁇ 5°.
- the ⁇ /2 portion 41 is arranged with respect to the polarizer 31 so that the angle between the slow axis 41a of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 and the transmission axis 31a of the polarizer 31 is approximately 15°. preferable. Approximately 15° means a range of 15° ⁇ 5°.
- the ⁇ /4 portion 42 is arranged with respect to the polarizer 31 so that the angle ⁇ 3 between the slow axis 42a of the ⁇ /4 portion 42 and the transmission axis 31a of the polarizer 31 is approximately 75°. preferably. Approximately 75° means a range of 75° ⁇ 5°.
- the ⁇ /2 part 41 has a function of giving a phase difference of ⁇ /2 to incident light of wavelength ⁇ . It is desirable that the value of the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 is approximately 0.5. The value of the Nz coefficient being approximately 0.5 means that the Nz coefficient is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ 0.1. A preferable range of the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /2 part 41 is 0.45 or more and 0.55 or less. Unless otherwise specified, the slow axis of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 is parallel to nx.
- the ⁇ /2 part 41 has two retarder elements (first retarder elements) Q and two retarder elements (second retarder elements) ZA. As shown in FIG. 1, the ⁇ /2 part 41 includes two retarder elements Q and two retarder elements ZA. and a retarder element Q are laminated in this order.
- the retarder element Q is a retardation film that has reverse dispersion and imparts an in-plane retardation of approximately ⁇ /4 to incident light of wavelength ⁇ . Approximately ⁇ /4 means a range from 1/6 to 1/3 of the wavelength ⁇ .
- the retarder element Q can be a ⁇ /4 plate.
- the retarder element Q may be a positive A plate having an in-plane retardation of approximately ⁇ /4 at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the retarder element Q may be obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, or may be obtained by molding or further stretching a molten resin.
- the retarder element ZA is a retardation film that imparts thickness direction retardation to incident light.
- the retarder element ZA can be a positive C-plate.
- the positive C plate refers to a positive C plate whose thickness direction retardation Reth (550) satisfies formula (14). ⁇ 30 nm ⁇ Reth(550) ⁇ 120 nm (14)
- a preferable value range of Reth(550) of the retarder element ZA is preferably -100 nm or more and -40 nm or less, more preferably -90 nm or more and -50 nm or less.
- the retarder element ZA may be obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, or may be obtained by molding or further stretching a molten resin.
- the in-plane retardation ReoZA (550) of the retarder element ZA is preferably substantially zero. “Substantially zero” means a range of 0 nm ⁇ 5.
- the base material may be a base material that has a function of supporting the alignment film and is formed in a long size. This substrate functions as a release support and can support a retardation film for transfer. Furthermore, it is preferable that the surface has adhesive strength to the extent that it can be peeled off. Examples of the base material include the resin films exemplified as the material of the protective film 32 .
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, it is preferably in the range of, for example, 20 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness of the substrate is 20 ⁇ m or more, strength is imparted. On the other hand, when the thickness is 200 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to suppress an increase in processing waste and wear of the cutting blade when cutting the base material into a sheet base material.
- the base material may be subjected to various anti-blocking treatments.
- Anti-blocking treatments include, for example, easy-adhesion treatments, kneading treatments with fillers and the like, embossing (knurling treatments), and the like.
- a layer in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is cured is formed on the substrate via the alignment film. That is, the substrate and the alignment film are laminated in this order, and the layer in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is cured is laminated on the alignment film.
- the alignment film is not limited to a vertical alignment film, and may be an alignment film that horizontally aligns the molecular axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, or an alignment film that tilts the molecular axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- a horizontally oriented film can be used
- a vertically oriented film can be used.
- the alignment film has a solvent resistance that does not dissolve when a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound described later is applied, etc., and also has heat resistance in heat treatment for solvent removal and alignment of the liquid crystal compound.
- the alignment film include an alignment film containing an alignment polymer, a photo-alignment film, and a groove alignment film in which an uneven pattern or a plurality of grooves are formed on the surface for alignment.
- the thickness of the alignment film is usually in the range of 10 nm to 10000 nm, preferably 10 nm to 1000 nm, more preferably 500 nm or less, still more preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.
- the resin used for the alignment film is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin used as a material for a known alignment film.
- a cured product or the like can be used.
- (meth)acrylate monomers include, for example, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, diethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether acrylate, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether acrylate, tetraethylene glycol monophenyl ether acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
- these 1 types may be sufficient, and the mixture of 2 or more types may be sufficient.
- the type of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, it is classified into a rod-shaped type (rod-shaped liquid crystal compound) and a disk-shaped type (disk-shaped liquid crystal compound, discotic liquid crystal compound) according to its shape. can. Furthermore, there are low-molecular-weight types and high-molecular-weight types, respectively. Polymers generally refer to those having a degree of polymerization of 100 or more (Polymer Physics: Phase Transition Dynamics, Masao Doi, p. 2, Iwanami Shoten, 1992).
- Any polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be used in the present embodiment. Furthermore, two or more kinds of rod-like liquid crystal compounds, two or more kinds of discotic liquid crystal compounds, or mixtures of rod-like liquid crystal compounds and discotic liquid crystal compounds may be used.
- rod-like liquid crystal compound for example, those described in claim 1 of JP-A-11-513019 or paragraphs [0026] to [0098] of JP-A-2005-289980 can be suitably used.
- discotic liquid crystal compound for example, those described in paragraphs [0020] to [0067] of JP-A-2007-108732, or paragraphs [0013] to [0108] of JP-A-2010-244038 are suitable. can be used for
- the layer in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is cured is preferably a layer formed by fixing a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group by polymerization. In this case, it is no longer necessary to exhibit liquid crystallinity after forming a layer.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal compound has a polymerizable group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction.
- a polymerizable group for example, a functional group capable of an addition polymerization reaction such as a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group or a ring-polymerizable group is preferable.
- examples of polymerizable groups include (meth)acryloyl groups, vinyl groups, styryl groups, and allyl groups. Among them, a (meth)acryloyl group is preferred.
- a (meth)acryloyl group is a concept including both a methacryloyl group and an acryloyl group.
- a layer in which a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is cured can be formed by coating a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, for example, on an alignment film.
- the composition may contain components other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound described above.
- the composition preferably contains a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator to be used for example, a thermal polymerization initiator or a photopolymerization initiator is selected according to the type of polymerization reaction.
- photopolymerization initiators examples include ⁇ -carbonyl compounds, acyloin ethers, ⁇ -hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic acyloin compounds, polynuclear quinone compounds, combinations of triarylimidazole dimers and p-aminophenyl ketones, and the like.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01% by mass to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5% by mass to 5% by mass, based on the total solid content in the coating liquid. preferable.
- the composition may contain a polymerizable monomer from the viewpoint of the uniformity of the coating film and the strength of the film.
- Polymerizable monomers include radically polymerizable or cationically polymerizable compounds. Among these, polyfunctional radically polymerizable monomers are preferred.
- the polymerizable monomer is preferably one that can be copolymerized with the polymerizable liquid crystal compound described above.
- Specific polymerizable monomers include, for example, those described in paragraphs [0018] to [0020] of JP-A-2002-296423.
- the amount of the polymerizable monomer used is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 2 to 30% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the above composition may contain a surfactant from the viewpoint of the uniformity of the coating film and the strength of the film.
- Surfactants include conventionally known compounds. Among them, fluorine-based compounds are particularly preferable.
- Specific surfactants include, for example, compounds described in paragraphs [0028] to [0056] in JP-A-2001-330725, paragraphs [0069] to [0126 in Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-295212. ] and the compound described in .
- the composition may contain a solvent, and an organic solvent is preferably used.
- organic solvents include amides (eg, N,N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (eg, dimethylsulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (eg, pyridine), hydrocarbons (eg, benzene, hexane), alkyl halides (eg, , chloroform, dichloromethane), esters (eg, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate), ketones (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), ethers (eg, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane).
- alkyl halides and ketones are preferred.
- the composition includes vertical alignment accelerators such as a vertical alignment agent on the polarizing film interface side and a vertical alignment agent on the air interface side, and horizontal alignment accelerators such as a horizontal alignment agent on the polarizing film interface side and an air interface side horizontal alignment agent.
- vertical alignment accelerators such as a vertical alignment agent on the polarizing film interface side and a vertical alignment agent on the air interface side
- horizontal alignment accelerators such as a horizontal alignment agent on the polarizing film interface side and an air interface side horizontal alignment agent.
- Various alignment agents may be included.
- the composition may contain an adhesion improver, a plasticizer, a polymer, etc., in addition to the above components.
- the direction of the slow axis of the retarder element Q of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 may substantially match the direction of the slow axis 41 a of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 .
- “Substantially coincident” means that the directions of the two slow axes may deviate by about ⁇ 5° (the same shall apply hereinafter).
- the retarder element Q of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 may be a laminate of a plurality of retardation films that function as the retarder element Q as a whole.
- the directions of the slow axes of the plurality of retardation films forming the retarder element Q substantially coincide with the direction of the slow axis 41a.
- the retarder element Z of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 may be a laminate of a plurality of retardation films that function as the retarder element Z as a whole.
- the ⁇ /4 part 42 has a retarder element Q. Since the retarder element Q of the ⁇ /4 portion 42 has the same characteristics as the retarder element Q of the ⁇ /2 portion 41, the description thereof is omitted.
- the ⁇ /4 part 42 may have a retarder element (third retarder element) ZB.
- the ⁇ /4 part 42 is a laminated body in which the retarder element Q and the retarder element ZB are laminated in order from the ⁇ /2 part 41 side to the retarder element Q and the retarder element ZB. . Unless otherwise specified, the mode in which the ⁇ /4 part 42 has the retarder element ZB will be described.
- the slow axis of the retarder element Q of the ⁇ /4 portion 42 corresponds to the slow axis of the ⁇ /4 portion 42 . Therefore, the retarder element Q of the ⁇ /4 portion 42 is arranged such that the angle between the slow axis thereof and the slow axis 41a of the ⁇ /2 portion 41 is approximately 60°. placed against.
- the retarder element ZB is a retardation film that imparts thickness-direction retardation to incident light of wavelength ⁇ .
- the retarder element ZB is a positive C-plate or a negative C-plate.
- the value range of the thickness direction retardation RethZB(550) at a wavelength of 550 nm is usually ⁇ 190 nm or more and less than 0, more than 0 and +40 nm or less, preferably ⁇ 170 nm or more and less than 0 nm.
- the in-plane retardation ReoZB (550) is substantially zero. “Substantially zero” means a range of 0 nm ⁇ 5.
- the retarder element ZB may be obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal, or by molding or further stretching a molten resin.
- the retarder element ZB is a layer obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal, the retarder element ZB is formed on an alignment film provided on the substrate in the same manner as the retarder element Z. obtain.
- the retarder element Q of the ⁇ /4 part 42 may be a laminate of a plurality of retardation films that function as the retarder element Q as a whole.
- the directions of the slow axes of the plurality of retardation films forming the retarder element Q substantially coincide with the direction of the slow axis 42a.
- the retarder element ZB of the ⁇ /4 portion 42 may be a laminate of a plurality of retardation films that function as the retarder element ZB as a whole.
- a plane orthogonal to the direction D2 of the inclination angle ⁇ with respect to the thickness direction D1 of the image display layer 10 is called a projection plane VP.
- ReM45 be the in-plane retardation of the image display layer 10 at a wavelength of 550 nm on the projection plane VP when the tilt angle ⁇ is 45°.
- ReoQ be the in-plane retardation of the ⁇ /4 portion 42 .
- ReoQ corresponds to the in-plane retardation of the retarder element Q.
- the Nz coefficient of the formula ⁇ /4 unit 42 and the ⁇ coefficient satisfy the relationship shown in the formula (B).
- the ⁇ /4 portion 42 is designed such that the Nz coefficient satisfies the formula (B).
- ReoQ is the in-plane retardation of the retarder element Q of the ⁇ /4 portion 42
- ReoZB is the in-plane retardation of the retarder element ZB of the ⁇ /4 portion 42, as described above. is.
- RethQ is the retardation in the thickness direction of the retarder element Q of the ⁇ /4 portion 42
- RethZB is the retardation of the retarder element ZB in the ⁇ /4 portion 42 in the thickness direction.
- the relationship between the values of the Nz coefficient and the ⁇ coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part 42 has the relationship represented by the formula (D). 4.5 ⁇ 0.035 ⁇ Nz ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ +0.690 (D)
- ⁇ In formula (D) when the range of the value of the ⁇ coefficient is ⁇ 0.06 or more and within ⁇ 0.02, the range of the value of the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part 42 is ⁇ 0.31 or more and within 0.60. is. In the formula (D), when the value range of the ⁇ coefficient is ⁇ 0.02 or more and less than 0, the value range of the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part 42 is ⁇ 0.13 or more and less than 0.69. ⁇ In formula (D), when the range of the value of the ⁇ coefficient exceeds 0 and is within 0.04, the range of the value of the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part 42 is greater than -0.04 and within 0.87. is. In the formula (D), when the value of the ⁇ coefficient is in the range of 0.04 to 0.08, the value of the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part 42 is in the range of 0.15 to 1.05.
- Each member (including retarder element Q, retarder element ZA, and retarder element ZB) constituting linear polarizing plate 30, optical laminate 40, and display device 100, which are laminates, includes, for example, an adhesive layer (not shown).
- the image display layer 10 includes an electrode provided for the organic EL display element
- the organic EL display element and the optical layered body 40 may be laminated via an adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer can be composed of an adhesive composition whose main component is a (meth)acrylic, rubber, urethane, ester, silicone, or polyvinyl ether resin. Among them, a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition using a (meth)acrylic resin as a base polymer, which is excellent in transparency, weather resistance, heat resistance, etc., is preferable.
- the adhesive composition may be active energy ray-curable or heat-curable.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is usually 3 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 3 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- Examples of the (meth)acrylic resin (base polymer) used in the adhesive composition include butyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-(meth)acrylate. Polymers or copolymers containing one or more of (meth)acrylic acid esters such as ethylhexyl as monomers are preferably used.
- the base polymer is copolymerized with a polar monomer.
- polar monomers examples include (meth)acrylic acid, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl ( Monomers having a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an amino group, an epoxy group, etc., such as meth)acrylates, can be mentioned.
- the adhesive composition may contain only the above base polymer, but usually further contains a cross-linking agent.
- the cross-linking agent is a metal ion having a valence of 2 or more, which forms a carboxylic acid metal salt with a carboxyl group; a polyamine compound, which forms an amide bond with a carboxyl group; Examples include epoxy compounds and polyols that form ester bonds with carboxyl groups; and polyisocyanate compounds that form amide bonds with carboxyl groups. Among them, polyisocyanate compounds are preferred.
- the elliptically polarizing plate 20 is manufactured by laminating an optical layered body 40 including a ⁇ /2 portion 41 and a ⁇ /4 portion 42 and a polarizer 31 via an adhesive layer.
- an optical layered body 40 including a ⁇ /2 portion 41 and a ⁇ /4 portion 42 and a polarizer 31 via an adhesive layer.
- the linear polarizing plate 30 when using the linear polarizing plate 30 in which the protective films 32 are laminated on both sides of the polarizer 31, the polarizer 31 is manufactured and the protective films 32 are laminated on both sides of the polarizer 31. By doing so, the linear polarizing plate 30 is obtained. After that, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on the release film is laminated on the protective film 32 facing the optical layered body 40 .
- an elliptical polarizing plate 20 is obtained.
- the display device 100 is obtained by laminating the elliptically polarizing plate 20 on the image display layer 10 via an adhesive layer, for example.
- the display device 100 satisfies the formulas (A) and (B).
- the ⁇ /4 portion 42 of the elliptically polarizing plate 20 is designed in consideration of the light reflectivity of the image display layer 10 in the direction of the inclination angle of 45°. Therefore, even when the display device 100 is tilted, reflection of external light is prevented, and excellent display performance can be achieved. With the configuration of the display device 100, it is possible to achieve the above-described good display performance over the entire visible range.
- % and “parts” in the following description mean % by mass and parts by mass.
- the invention is not limited to the following examples.
- the positive C-plate that can be used for both the retarder element ZA and the retarder element ZB may be referred to as the retarder element Z in some cases.
- ⁇ Method of measuring retardation Retardation in the thickness direction of ⁇ /2 part and ⁇ /4 part, and in-plane retardation of ⁇ /2 part, ⁇ /4 part and elliptically polarizing plate are measured by a retardation measuring device ("KOBRA-WPR", Oji Keisokuki Co., Ltd.).
- Visibility correction and hue calculation method Visibility correction single transmittance Ty, single transmission hue a, single transmission hue b, visibility correction polarization degree Py, visibility correction reflectance Ry10, and visibility correction reflectance described later Ry45 was calculated using the corresponding spectral spectra, that is, the single spectral transmittance T, the spectral polarization degree P, the spectral reflectance R, the color matching function, and the standard illuminant.
- the visibility correction value is obtained by dividing the tristimulus value Y of the corresponding spectral spectrum by the tristimulus value Yo of the standard illuminant.
- Hues a and b are hues in the Lab colorimetric system of the corresponding spectral spectrum (see “Introduction to Color Engineering, Hiroyuki Shinoda and Ichiro Fujieda, co-authored, Morikita Publishing, pp. 106-107, 2007").
- Color matching functions used the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) recommendations (1931).
- D65 ISO10526:1999/CIES005/E-1998) was used as the standard illuminant.
- ⁇ Method for measuring the spectral polarization degree P of the polarizer, the single spectral transmittance T, and the single transmission hues a and b Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer ("V7100", manufactured by JASCO Corporation) is used to measure the spectral transmittance in the transmission axis direction of the polarizer. and the absorption axis direction spectral transmittance were measured, and the spectral polarization degree P, the single spectral transmittance T, the single transmission hue a, and the single transmission hue b were calculated.
- V7100 Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
- the single spectral transmittance T is the average value of the spectral transmittance along the transmission axis and the spectral transmittance along the absorption axis.
- the spectral polarization degree P is obtained by dividing the difference between the transmission axis direction spectral transmittance and the absorption axis direction spectral transmittance by the sum of the transmission axis direction spectral transmittance and the absorption axis direction spectral transmittance.
- the transmission axis direction spectral transmittance is the transmittance for linearly polarized light vibrating parallel to the polarizer transmission axis at each wavelength.
- the absorption axis direction spectral transmittance is the transmittance for linearly polarized light vibrating parallel to the polarizer absorption axis at each wavelength.
- the absorption axis of the polarizer coincided with the stretching direction of the polyvinyl alcohol.
- the measurement wavelength ranged from 380 nm to 780 nm in 1 nm increments.
- the spectral reflectance R was measured for each of the inclination angles ⁇ of 10° and 45° in the range of Equation (15) in 5° steps.
- the plane p corresponds to the surfaces of the retarder elements Q, ZA, and ZB, the surface of the elliptically polarizing plate, and the like, and is also a plane parallel to the image display surface 10a. 0° ⁇ 360° (15)
- composition for forming slow retarder element Q Polymerizable liquid crystal compound A and polymerizable liquid crystal compound B described below were used to form retarder element Q (reverse dispersion positive A plate).
- Polymerizable liquid crystal compound A was produced by the method described in JP-A-2010-31223.
- Polymerizable liquid crystal compound B was produced according to the method described in JP-A-2009-173893. Each molecular structure is shown below.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal compound A and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound B were mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10.
- a leveling agent (“Megafac F-556", manufactured by DIC Corporation)
- a polymerization initiator 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4 -Morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (“Omnirad 369", manufactured by IGM Resins B.V.) was added in 6 parts.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- composition for forming slow retarder element Z In order to form a retarder element Z (positive C plate), a composition was prepared according to the following procedure. 0.1 part of F-556 as a leveling agent and 3 parts of Omnirad 369 as a polymerization initiator were added to 100 parts of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (“Paliocolor LC242”, manufactured by BASF). Cyclopentanone was added so that the solid content concentration was 13% to obtain a composition for forming retarder element Z.
- Paliocolor LC242 polymerizable liquid crystal compound
- a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film having an average degree of polymerization of about 2,400, a degree of saponification of 99.9 mol % or more, and a thickness of 75 ⁇ m was prepared. After the PVA film was immersed in pure water at 30°C, it was iodine dyed by immersing it in an aqueous solution having a mass ratio of iodine/potassium iodide/water of 0.02/2/100 at 30°C (iodine dyeing step). .
- the PVA film that had undergone the iodine dyeing process was subjected to boric acid treatment by immersing it in an aqueous solution having a mass ratio of potassium iodide/boric acid/water of 12/5/100 at 56.5°C (boric acid treatment process). .
- boric acid treatment process After the PVA film that had undergone the boric acid treatment step was washed with pure water at 8°C, it was dried at 65°C to obtain a polarizing film in which iodine was adsorbed and oriented in polyvinyl alcohol.
- the stretching of the PVA film was performed in the iodine dyeing process and the boric acid treatment process.
- the total draw ratio of the PVA film was 5.3 times.
- the thickness of the obtained polarizing film was 10 ⁇ m.
- a polarizing film and a saponified triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (KC4UYTAC manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd., thickness 40 ⁇ m) were pasted together with a nip roll via a water-based adhesive.
- the obtained laminate was dried at 60° C. for 2 minutes while maintaining the tension at 430 N/m to obtain a polarizer having a TAC film as a protective film on one side.
- the water-based adhesive consists of 100 parts of water, 3 parts of carboxyl group-modified polyvinyl alcohol ("Kuraray Poval KL318” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), and 3 parts of water-soluble polyamide epoxy resin ("Sumireze Resin 650" manufactured by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd.). , an aqueous solution having a solid concentration of 30%] and 1.5 parts.
- the optical properties of the obtained polarizer were measured.
- the obtained polarizer had a luminosity correction single transmittance Ty of 41.9%, a luminosity correction polarization degree Py of 99.962%, a single transmission hue a of ⁇ 1.5, and a single transmission hue b of 3.6. there were.
- Corona treatment was performed on a cyclic olefin resin (COP) film (ZF-14-50) manufactured by Zeon Corporation. Corona treatment was performed using TEC-4AX manufactured by Ushio Inc. The corona treatment was performed once under the conditions of an output of 0.78 kW and a treatment speed of 10 m/min. The composition for forming a horizontal alignment film was applied to the COP film with a bar coater and dried at 80° C. for 1 minute.
- COP cyclic olefin resin
- the coating film was irradiated at an axial angle of 45° so that the integrated light amount at a wavelength of 313 nm was 100 mJ/cm 2 .
- a polarized UV exposure was performed.
- the film thickness of the obtained horizontal alignment film was 100 nm.
- a retarder element Q reverse dispersion positive A plate forming composition was applied to the horizontal alignment film using a bar coater and dried at 120° C. for 1 minute.
- a high-pressure mercury lamp (“Unicure VB-15201BY-A”, manufactured by Ushio Inc.)
- the coating film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays (in a nitrogen atmosphere, integrated light intensity at a wavelength of 365 nm: 500 mJ/cm 2 ). formed the retarder element Q.
- the film thickness of the retarder element Q was 2.3 ⁇ m.
- the retarder element Q was a positive A plate satisfying the relationship nx>ny ⁇ nz.
- RethQ(450) 61 nm
- RethQ(550) 72 nm
- RethQ(650) 73 nm
- Met the thickness direction retardation
- Corona treatment was performed on the COP film.
- the corona treatment conditions were the same as above.
- a composition for forming a vertical alignment film was applied onto the COP film with a bar coater and dried at 80° C. for 1 minute to obtain a vertical alignment film.
- the film thickness of the obtained vertical alignment film was 50 nm.
- a composition for forming retarder element Z was applied to the vertical alignment film using a bar coater and dried at 90° C. for 120 seconds.
- a high-pressure mercury lamp (“Unicure VB-15201BY-A”, manufactured by Ushio Inc.)
- the coating film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays (in a nitrogen atmosphere, integrated light intensity at a wavelength of 365 nm: 500 mJ/cm 2 ).
- ultraviolet rays in a nitrogen atmosphere, integrated light intensity at a wavelength of 365 nm: 500 mJ/cm 2 .
- An adhesive layer was laminated on the retarder element Z.
- a film formed by the COP film, the alignment film, and the retarder element Z was laminated to the glass via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
- the COP film was peeled off to obtain a sample for retardation measurement.
- RethZ(550) -70 nm, Met.
- ReoZ(550) 0.1 nm, and the in-plane retardation of the retarder element Z was substantially zero.
- the retarder element Z was a positive C-plate satisfying the relationship nx ⁇ ny ⁇ nz.
- retarder element Z and retarder element Q are arranged in order of retarder element Q and retarder element Z from the COP film side.
- the same notation may be adopted for the layout relationship between elements (or between layers). (COP film)/Q/Z
- the TAC film laminate, the horizontal alignment film formed on the COP film, and the retarder element Q in the retarder element Q are adhered via an adhesive, and then the COP on the retarder element Q side The film was peeled off to obtain retarder laminate 3 .
- the TAC film laminate is a negative C-plate. Therefore, the retarder laminate 3 was a laminate of the retarder element ZB and the retarder element Q, which are negative C plates.
- ⁇ / 2 part (retarder element Q, adhesive layer, retarder element Z, adhesive layer, retarder element Z, adhesive layer, retarder element Q) is ⁇ / 2 part , retarder element Q, adhesive layer, retarder element Z, adhesive layer, retarder element Z, adhesive layer, retarder element Q are arranged in this order.
- the same notation may be adopted for other members (for example, ⁇ /4 part).
- the retarder element Z of the ⁇ /2 portion is a positive C plate because it is the retarder element Z of the retarder laminate 1 . Therefore, since the retarder element Z in the ⁇ /2 part is the retarder element ZA, the retarder element Z of the elliptically polarizing plate EP1 is hereinafter referred to as the retarder element ZA.
- the retarder element Z of the retarder laminate 2 is referred to as the retarder element ZB, and the retardation in the thickness direction at a wavelength of 550 nm is Called RethZB (550).
- Elliptical polarizing plate EP1 includes a TAC film, a polarizer, an adhesive layer, ⁇ /2 parts (retarder element Q, adhesive layer, retarder element ZA, adhesive layer, retarder element ZA, adhesive layer , retarder element Q), adhesive layer, and ⁇ /4 part (retarder element Q, adhesive layer, retarder element ZB).
- An elliptically polarizing plate EP2 was obtained in the same manner as the elliptically polarizing plate EP1 except for the above.
- the NZ factor for the ⁇ /4 part was 0.79.
- An elliptically polarizing plate EP3 was obtained in the same manner as the elliptically polarizing plate EP1 except for the above.
- the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part was 0.30.
- An elliptically polarizing plate EP4 was obtained in the same manner as the elliptically polarizing plate EP1 except for the above.
- the Nz coefficient for the ⁇ /4 part was -0.20.
- An elliptically polarizing plate EP5 was obtained in the same manner as the elliptically polarizing plate EP1 except for the above.
- the Nz coefficient for the ⁇ /4 part was -0.34.
- An elliptically polarizing plate EP7 was obtained in the same manner as the elliptically polarizing plate EP1 except for the above.
- the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part was 0.72.
- An elliptically polarizing plate EP8 was obtained in the same manner as the elliptically polarizing plate EP1 except for the above.
- the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part was 0.01.
- An elliptically polarizing plate EP9 was obtained in the same manner as the elliptically polarizing plate EP1 except for the above.
- the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part was -0.13.
- An elliptically polarizing plate EP11 was obtained in the same manner as the elliptically polarizing plate EP1 except for the above.
- the Nz coefficient of the ⁇ /4 part was 0.15.
- Light reflection layer A A commercially available smartphone GALAXY Tab S 8.4 SC-03G equipped with an OLED display device manufactured by Samsung Electronics was disassembled and used after removing the cover glass and the elliptically polarizing plate.
- Light-reflecting layer B A commercially available smartphone Mate 30 Pro equipped with an OLED display device manufactured by Huawei Technologies was disassembled, and the cover glass and the elliptically polarizing plate were removed.
- - Light reflection layer C commercially available Apple Inc. A smartphone equipped with an OLED display device, iPhone (registered trademark) X, was disassembled and used after removing the cover glass and the elliptically polarizing plate.
- Table 1 shows the in-plane retardation ReM45 of each light reflecting layer at a wavelength of 550 nm on the projection plane (projection plane VP described with reference to FIG. 3) with an inclination angle of 45°.
- Reo(450) 112 nm
- Reo(550) 138 nm
- Reo(650) 162 nm
- Reo(450)/Reo(550) 0.81
- Reo(650)/Reo(550) 1.17, Met.
- FIG. 4 is a chart (Table 2) showing the results of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-6.
- A, B, and C in the "type" column in the "light reflecting layer” column correspond to the light reflecting layer A, the light reflecting layer B, and the light reflecting layer C.
- the ⁇ coefficient in the column “light reflecting layer” is ⁇ It is a value calculated by substituting the in-plane retardation ReoQ of the retarder element Q of /4 part into the formula (A).
- the “Nz coefficient” is a value calculated by substituting the in-plane retardation and thickness direction retardation of the retarder element Q and the retarder element ZB of the ⁇ /4 portion into the formula (C).
- “ ⁇ " in the column of "tilt angle 45° visual observation” indicates that "reflected light is well prevented and display performance is good", and " ⁇ ” indicates that "rainbow reflected light is visible” as described later. This indicates that the display performance is impaired.
- FIG. 5 is a graph plotting the Nz coefficient against the ⁇ coefficient in FIG. 4 (Table 2).
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 5 indicates the ⁇ coefficient, and the vertical axis indicates the Nz coefficient.
- Lines L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 in FIG. 5 are lines represented by the following equations.
- L1: Nz 4.5 ⁇ + 0.955
- L2: Nz 4.5 ⁇ - 0.160
- L3: Nz 4.5 ⁇ + 0.690
- L4: Nz 4.5 ⁇ - 0.035
- Nz 4.5 ⁇ + 0.5
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Abstract
Description
光反射性画像表示層と、上記光反射性画像表示層の画像表示面上に積層された楕円偏光板と、を備え、
上記楕円偏光板は、偏光子、λ/2部およびλ/4部を有し、
上記偏光子、上記λ/2部および上記λ/4部は、上記光反射性画像表示層側から上記λ/4部、上記λ/2部および上記偏光子の順に配置されており、
上記λ/2部は、第1遅相子要素、第2遅相子要素、第2遅相子要素および第1遅相子要素が、上記第1遅相子要素、上記第2遅相子要素、上記第2遅相子要素および上記第1遅相子要素の順に積層された積層体であり、
上記第1遅相子要素は逆波長分散性を有しており略λ/4の大きさの面内位相差を与える要素であり、上記第2遅相子要素は、厚み方向位相差を与える要素であり、上記光反射性画像表示層の厚み方向に対する傾斜角45°の投影面での波長550nmにおける上記光反射性画像表示層の面内リタデーションをReM45とし、上記λ/4部の波長550nmにおける面内リタデーションをReoQとし、上記光反射性画像表示層のρ係数(ρ)を式(A)で表した場合、上記λ/4部のNz係数(Nz)と、上記ρ係数(ρ)とは式(B)に示した関係を満たす。
ρ=ReM45/ReoQ ・・・(A)
4.5ρ-0.160<Nz<4.5ρ+0.955 ・・・(B)
本開示における遅相子は、複屈折性を有する光学的媒質を意味する。複屈折性とは、直交する3方向のうち、少なくとも2方向の屈折率の差が0.02を超えて異なる光学的性質を指す。
遅相子における上記直交する3方向の屈折率を、nx、nyおよびnzと称す。nxは、遅相子が形成する屈折率楕円体において、遅相子平面に対して平行な方向の主屈折率を表す。nyは、遅相子が形成する屈折率楕円体において、遅相子平面に対して平行であり、且つ、該nxの方向に対して直交する方向の屈折率を表す。nzは、遅相子が形成する屈折率楕円体において、遅相子平面に対して垂直な方向の屈折率を表す。
リタデーションReは遅相子の異方性を表す物理量である。リタデーションReには、面内リタデーションReoと厚み方向リタデーションRethがある。
波長λ(nm)における面内リタデーションReo(λ)は式(1)で表される。式(1)中のdは遅相子の厚さ(nm)を表す。
Reo(λ)=(nx―ny)×d ・・・(1)
波長λ(nm)における厚み方向リタデーションReth(λ)は式(2)で表される。式(2)中のdは、式(1)中のdと同様に遅相子の厚み(nm)である。
Reth(λ)= ―{nz―(nx+ny)/2}×d ・・・(2)
面内リタデーションReoと厚み方向リタデーションRethは遅相子の厚みdを変更することで、調整することができる。
ポジティブAプレートは各方向の屈折率が式(3)の関係を満たす遅相子である。断らない場合、ポジティブAプレートの遅相軸はnxに平行であり、ny≒nzとは、nyとnzの差が0.02未満の状態を表す。
nx>ny≒nz ・・・・(3)
92nm≦Reo(550)≦183nm ・・・(4)
Reth(λ)=0.5×Reo(λ) ・・・(5)
46nm≦Reth(550)≦92nm ・・・(6)
ポジティブCプレートは、各方向の屈折率が式(7)の関係を満たす遅相子である。断らない場合、遅相軸はnzに平行であり、nx≒nyとは、nxとnyの差が0.02未満の状態を表す。
nx≒ny<nz ・・・ (7)
ネガティブCプレートは、各方向の屈折率が式(8)の関係を満たす遅相子である。断らない場合、遅相軸はnx軸とny軸が張る平面内にあり、進層軸はnz軸に平行である。nx≒nyとは、nxとnyの差が0.02未満の状態を表す。
nx≒ny>nz ・・・ (8)
波長とリタデーションの分散関係を単に波長分散性とも称す。式(9)および式(10)を満たす遅相子を逆波長分散性であるといい、単に逆分散性とも称す。
Re(450)/Re(550)≦1.00 ・・・ (9)
1.00≦Re(650)/Re(550) ・・・ (10)
Re(450)/Re(550)>1.00 ・・・ (11)
1.00>Re(650)/Re(550) ・・・ (12)
複数の遅相子が積層された光学積層体を遅相子積層体と称す場合もある。
遅相子のNz係数(Nz)を式(13)であらわすことができる。なお、波長λ(nm)(たとえば波長550nm)における、遅相子積層体全体の面内リタデーションをReoG、遅相子積層体全体の厚み方向リタデーションをRethGとする。
Nz ≡(RethG/ReoG)+0.5 ・・・ (13)
画像表示層10は、内部で画像を形成し、画像表示面10aに画像を表示する。画像表示層10は、画像を形成するための素子構造などを含む。そのため、上記素子構造に含まれる配線部用の金属電極、サブ画素の共振器構造用高屈折率層、ブラックマトリクスなどは、光を反射する反射部として機能する。よって、画像表示層10は、楕円偏光板20側から表示装置100に入射した光を反射する光反射性を有し、表示装置100において光反射層として機能する。このような光反射層としての画像表示層10に含まれる上記配線部用の金属電極、サブ画素の共振器構造用高屈折率層、ブラックマトリクスなどよって反射された光が一体となった反射光を、本実施形態では、「外光反射光」と称す場合もある。画像表示層10は、撓むことができる可撓性を有するものでもよいし、撓むことができない剛直性を有するものであってもよい。
また、偏光フィルムの視感度補正単体透過率は、35%以上であることが好ましく、40%以上であることがより好ましい。上限値は、特に限定されないが、49.9%以下である。積層体が、このような性能の偏光子31を備えることで、反射光が漏れにくくなり、色付きを目立たなくすることができる。
遅相子要素Qは、逆分散性を有し、入射する波長λの光に対して略λ/4の大きさの面内位相差を付与する位相差フィルムである。略λ/4とは、波長λの6分の1から3分の1の範囲を意味する。遅相子要素Qは、λ/4板であり得る。遅相子要素Qは、波長550nmの面内位相差が略λ/4であるポジティブAプレートでもよい。遅相子要素Qは、重合性液晶化合物を硬化して得られてもよく、溶融樹脂を成形またはさらに延伸して得られてもよい。
遅相子要素ZAは、入射光に対して厚み方向位相差を付与する位相差フィルムである。遅相子要素ZAは、ポジティブCプレートであることができる。上記ポジティブCプレートとは、厚み方向リタデーションReth(550)が式(14)を満たすポジティブCプレートを指す。
-30nm≧Reth(550)≧-120nm ・・・ (14)
遅相子要素ZBは、入射する波長λの光に対して厚み方向位相差を付与する位相差フィルムである。遅相子要素ZBは、ポジティブCプレートまたはネガティブCプレートである。波長550nmの厚み方向リタデーションRethZB(550)の値の範囲は通常-190nm以上0未満、及び、0を超えて+40nm以下であり、好ましくは-170nm以上、0nm未満である。面内リタデーションReoZB(550)は実質的に0であることが望ましい。実質的に0であるとは0nm±5の範囲を示す。遅相子要素ZAの場合と同様に、遅相子要素ZBは、重合性液晶を硬化して得られてもよく、溶融樹脂を成形またはさらに延伸して得られてもよい。遅相子要素ZBが、重合性液晶を硬化して得られる層である場合、遅相子要素ZBは、遅相子要素Zの場合と同様に基材に設けられた配向膜上に形成され得る。
図3に示したように、画像表示層10の厚み方向D1に対して傾斜角αの方向D2に直交する面を投影面VPと称す。傾斜角αが45°である場合の投影面VPでの波長550nmにおける画像表示層10の面内リタデーションをReM45とする。λ/4部42の面内リタデーションをReoQとする。本実施形態において、ReoQは、遅相子要素Qの面内リタデーションに相当する。この場合、ρ係数を式(A)で定義する。
ρ=ReM45/ReoQ ・・・(A)
4.5ρ-0.160<Nz<4.5ρ+0.955 ・・・(B)
Nz={(RethQ+RethZB)/(ReoQ+ReoZB)}+0.5・・・(C)
式(C)において、ReoQは、前述したように、λ/4部42の遅相子要素Qの面内リタデーションであり、ReoZBは、λ/4部42の遅相子要素ZBの面内リタデーションである。
式(C)において、RethQは、λ/4部42の遅相子要素Qの厚み方向リタデーションであり、RethZBは、λ/4部42の遅相子要素ZBの厚み方向リタデーションである。
・式(B)において、ρ係数の値の範囲が-0.02以上0未満であるとき、λ/4部42のNz係数の値の範囲は-0.25を超えて0.96未満である。
・式(B)において、ρ係数の値の範囲が0を超えて0.04以内であるとき、λ/4部42のNz係数の値の範囲は-0.16を超えて1.14未満である。
・式(B)において、ρ係数の値の範囲が0.04を超えて0.08未満であるとき、λ/4部42のNz係数の値の範囲は0.02を超えて1.32未満である。
4.5ρ-0.035≦Nz≦4.5ρ+0.690 ・・・(D)
・式(D)において、ρ係数の値の範囲が-0.02以上0未満であるとき、λ/4部42のNz係数の値の範囲は-0.13以上0.69未満である。
・式(D)において、ρ係数の値の範囲が0を超えて0.04以内であるとき、λ/4部42のNz係数の値の範囲は-0.04を超えて0.87以内である。
・式(D)において、ρ係数の値の範囲が0.04以上0.08以内であるとき、λ/4部42のNz係数の値の範囲は0.15以上1.05以内である。
楕円偏光板20は、λ/2部41とλ/4部42とを含む光学積層体40と、偏光子31とを粘着剤層を介して積層することで製造される。例えば、図1に示したように、偏光子31の両面に保護フィルム32が積層されている直線偏光板30を用いる場合、偏光子31を製造し且つ偏光子31の両面に保護フィルム32を積層することによって直線偏光板30を得る。その後、光学積層体40と対向する保護フィルム32上に、剥離フィルム上に形成された粘着剤層を積層させる。粘着剤層上の剥離フィルムを剥離し、露出した粘着剤層を介して、偏光子31と、別途製造されているλ/2部41およびλ/4部42を貼り合わせることで、楕円偏光板20が得られる。この楕円偏光板20をたとえば粘着剤層を介して画像表示層10に積層することによって、表示装置100が得られる。
・フィルムの厚みの測定方法
フィルムの厚みは接触式膜厚計(「MH-15M」、「カウンタTC101」、「MS-5C」、株式会社ニコン製)を用いて測定した。
λ/2部およびλ/4部の厚み方向のリタデーションと、λ/2部、λ/4部および楕円偏光板の面内リタデーションは、リタデーション測定装置(「KOBRA-WPR」、王子計測機器株式会社製)を使用して測定した。
フィルム、層等の屈折率を、分光エリプソメーター(「M-2000」、J.A.Woollam社製)を使用して測定した。
後述の視感度補正単体透過率Ty、単体透過色相a、単体透過色相b、及び視感度補正偏光度Pyと、視感度補正反射率Ry10、視感度補正反射率Ry45は、各々に対応する分光スペクトル、すなわち単体分光透過率T、分光偏光度P、分光反射率R及び等色関数、標準イルミナントを用いて算出した。
紫外可視分光光度計(「V7100」、日本分光株式会社製)で偏光子の透過軸方向分光透過率と吸収軸方向分光透過率を測定し、分光偏光度P、単体分光透過率T、単体透過色相a、単体透過色相bを算出した。
分光偏光度Pは透過軸方向分光透過率と吸収軸方向分光透過率の差を、透過軸方向分光透過率と吸収軸方向分光透過率の和で除して得られる。
透過軸方向分光透過率は各波長における偏光子透過軸に平行に振動する直線偏光に対する透過率である。
吸収軸方向分光透過率は各波長における偏光子吸収軸に平行に振動する直線偏光に対する透過率である。
ディスプレイ計測システム(「DMS803」、Instrument Systems社製)のSCIモードを用いて楕円偏光板を光反射層上に配置したときの分光反射率Rを測定し、視感度補正反射率Ryを算出した。
0°≦φ<360°・・・ (15)
下記構造の光配向性材料5部(重量平均分子量:30000)とシクロペンタノン(溶媒)95部を混合した。得られた混合物を80℃で1時間攪拌することにより、水平配向膜形成用組成物を得た。
日産化学工業株式会社製、サンエバーSE610を使用した。
遅相子要素Q(逆分散性ポジティブAプレート)を形成するために、下記の重合性液晶化合物Aと重合性液晶化合物Bを用いた。重合性液晶化合物Aは、特開2010-31223号公報に記載された方法で製造した。また、重合性液晶化合物Bは、特開2009-173893号公報に記載された方法に準じて製造した。以下にそれぞれの分子構造を示す。
遅相子要素Z(ポジティブCプレート)を形成するために、以下の手順で組成物を調製した。重合性液晶化合物である(「Paliocolor LC242」、BASF社製)100部に対して、レベリング剤としてF-556を0.1部、及び重合開始剤としてOmnirad369を3部添加した。固形分濃度が13%となるようにシクロペンタノンを添加して、遅相子要素Z形成用組成物を得た。
平均重合度約2,400、ケン化度99.9モル%以上、厚み75μmのポリビニルアルコール(PVA)フィルムを準備した。PVAフィルムを30℃の純水に浸漬した後、ヨウ素/ヨウ化カリウム/水の質量比が0.02/2/100の水溶液に30℃で浸漬してヨウ素染色を行った(ヨウ素染色工程)。ヨウ素染色工程を経たPVAフィルムを、ヨウ化カリウム/ホウ酸/水の質量比が12/5/100の水溶液に、56.5℃で浸漬してホウ酸処理を行った(ホウ酸処理工程)。ホウ酸処理工程を経たPVAフィルムを8℃の純水で洗浄した後、65℃で乾燥して、ポリビニルアルコールにヨウ素が吸着配向している偏光フィルムを得た。PVAフィルムの延伸は、ヨウ素染色工程とホウ酸処理工程において行った。PVAフィルムの総延伸倍率は5.3倍であった。得られた偏光フィルム
の厚みは10μmであった。
日本ゼオン株式会社製の環状オレフィン系樹脂(COP)フィルム(ZF-14-50)上にコロナ処理を実施した。コロナ処理は、ウシオ電機株式会社製のTEC-4AXを使用して行った。コロナ処理は、出力0.78kW、処理速度10m/分の条件で1回行った。COPフィルムに水平配向膜形成用組成物をバーコーターで塗布し、80℃で1分間乾燥した。塗布膜に対して、偏光UV照射装置(「SPOT CURE SP-9」、ウシオ電機株式会社製)を用いて、波長313nmにおける積算光量が100mJ/cm2となるように、軸角度45°にて偏光UV露光を実施した。得られた水平配向膜の膜厚は100nmであった。
ReoQ(450)=121nm、
ReoQ(550)=142nm、
ReoQ(650)=146nm、
ReoQ(450)/ReoQ(550)=0.85、
ReoQ(650)/ReoQ(550)=1.03、
であり、遅相子要素Qは、逆波長分散性を示した。
RethQ(450)=61nm、
RethQ(550)=72nm、
RethQ(650)=73nm、
であった。
COPフィルムに対して、コロナ処理を実施した。コロナ処理の条件は上記と同じとした。COPフィルム上に、垂直配向膜形成用組成物をバーコーターで塗布し、80℃で1分間乾燥させて、垂直配向膜を得た。得られた垂直配向膜の膜厚は50nmであった。
RethZ(550)=-70nm、
であった。
遅相子要素Zの波長550nmにおける面内リタデーションReoZ(550)を測定した結果、
ReoZ(550)=0.1nm、
であり、遅相子要素Zの面内リタデーションは実質的に0であった。
遅相子要素Zは、nx≒ny<nzの関係を満たすポジティブCプレートであった。
厚み60μmのTACフィルム(「フジタックTG60UL」、フジフイルム製)二枚を、粘着剤層を介して接着し、TACフィルム、粘着剤およびTACフィルムによって形成されたTACフィルム積層体を得た。次に、TACフィルム積層体に粘着剤層を介してTACフィルム積層体をガラスに貼合して、リタデーションを測定するためのサンプルを得た。波長550nmにおける厚み方向リタデーションReth(550)を測定した結果、
Reth(550)=+40nm、
であった。
TACフィルム積層体は、nx≒ny>nzの関係を満たすネガティブCプレートであった。そのため、TACフィルム積層体の面内リタデーションは実質的に0とした。
COPフィルム上に形成された垂直配向膜及び遅相子要素Zにおける遅相子要素Zと、COPフィルム上に形成された水平配向膜及び遅相子要素Qにおける遅相子要素Qとを、粘着剤を介して接着し、その後、遅相子要素Z側のCOPフィルムを剥離して、COPフィルムおよび遅相子積層体1がこの順に積層されたフィルムを得た。遅相子積層体1における遅相子要素Qおよび遅相子要素Zの配置関係は以下のとおりであった。遅相子積層体1の遅相子要素Zは、ポジティプCプレートであった。COPフィルムに対する遅相子要素Qおよび遅相子要素Zの配置を示すために、以下の配置関係ではCOPフィルムを括弧書きで示している。したがって、以下の表記は、遅相子要素Zおよび遅相子要素QがCOPフィルム側から遅相子要素Qおよび遅相子要素Zの順に配置されていることを示している。要素間(または層間)の配置関係については、同様の表記を採用することもある。
(COPフィルム)/Q/Z
COPフィルム上に形成された垂直配向膜及び遅相子要素Zにおける遅相子要素Zと、COPフィルム上に形成された水平配向膜及び遅相子要素Qにおける遅相子要素Qとを、粘着剤を介して接着し、その後、遅相子要素Q側のCOPフィルムを剥離して、COPフィルム、遅相子積層体2がこの順に積層されたフィルムを得た。遅相子積層体2における遅相子要素Qおよび遅相子要素Zの配置関係は以下のとおりであった。遅相子積層体2の遅相子要素Zは、ポジティプCプレートであった。
(COPフィルム)/Z/Q
上記TACフィルム積層体と、COPフィルム上に形成された水平配向膜及び遅相子要素Qにおける遅相子要素Qとを、粘着剤を介して接着し、その後、遅相子要素Q側のCOPフィルムを剥離して、遅相子積層体3を得た。TACフィルム積層体はネガティブCプレートである。したがって、遅相子積層体3は、ネガティブCプレートである遅相子要素ZBと、遅相子要素Qの積層体であった。
・λ/2部
遅相子要素Z側同士が密着した場合に二層の遅相子要素Qの遅相軸が同じ方向となるように裁断された、COPフィルムと遅相子積層体1とで形成された二つのフィルムを用意し、互いの遅相子要素Z側を、粘着剤を介して接着し、その後、一方の遅相子要素Q側のCOPフィルムを剥離して、COPフィルム、λ/2部(遅相子要素Q、粘着剤層、遅相子要素Z、粘着剤層、遅相子要素Z、粘着剤層、遅相子要素Q)がこの順に積層されたフィルムを得た。なお、λ/2部(遅相子要素Q、粘着剤層、遅相子要素Z、粘着剤層、遅相子要素Z、粘着剤層、遅相子要素Q)は、λ/2部において、遅相子要素Q、粘着剤層、遅相子要素Z、粘着剤層、遅相子要素Z、粘着剤層、遅相子要素Qがこの順に配置されていることを意味する。他の部材(たとえばλ/4部)についても同様の表記を採用する場合がある。λ/2部が有する遅相子要素Zは、遅相子積層体1が有する遅相子要素ZであることからポジティブCプレートである。したがって、λ/2部内の遅相子要素Zは、遅相子要素ZAであるため、以下、楕円偏光板EP1の遅相子要素Zを遅相子要素ZAと称す。
厚み方向リタデーションがRethZ(550)=-70nmとなるように調整して製造された遅相子要素Zを有する遅相子積層体2をλ/4部とした。以下では、遅相子積層体2をλ/4部に使用した場合に、遅相子積層体2が有する遅相子要素Zを遅相子要素ZBと称するとともに、波長550nmの厚み方向リタデーションをRethZB(550)と称す。
TACフィルムが積層された偏光子においてTACフィルムと反対側の面と、COPフィルムとλ/2部とで形成されたフィルムの遅相子要素Q側とを、粘着剤層を介して接着し、COPフィルムを剥離して積層体を得た。このとき、偏光子の透過軸とλ/2部の遅相軸とのなす角度は15°であった。次に、上記積層体の遅相子要素Q側と、COPフィルムとλ/4部とで形成されたフィルムの遅相子要素Q側とを粘着剤層を介して接着し、COPフィルムを剥離して楕円偏光板EP1を得た。このとき、偏光子の透過軸とλ/4部の遅相軸とのなす角度は75°であった。λ/2部のNz係数は0.51であり、λ/4部のNz係数は0.51であった。
厚み方向リタデーションがRethZB(550)=-70nmとなるように調整して得られた遅相子要素ZB(遅相子要素Z)を有する遅相子積層体2をλ/4部としたことを除いては、楕円偏光板EP1と同様にして、楕円偏光板EP2を得た。λ/4部のNZ係数は0.79であった。
厚み方向リタデーションがRethZB(550)=-100nmとなるように調整して得られた遅相子要素ZB(遅相子要素Z)を有する遅相子積層体2をλ/4部としたことを除いては、楕円偏光板EP1と同様にして、楕円偏光板EP3を得た。λ/4部のNz係数は0.30であった。
厚み方向リタデーションがRethZB(550)=-170nmとなるように調整して得られた遅相子要素ZB(遅相子要素Z)を有する遅相子積層体2をλ/4部としたことを除いては、楕円偏光板EP1と同様にして、楕円偏光板EP4を得た。λ/4部のNz係数は-0.20であった。
厚み方向リタデーションがRethZB(550)=-190nmとなるように調整して得られた遅相子要素ZB(遅相子要素Z)を有する遅相子積層体2をλ/4部としたことを除いては、楕円偏光板EP1と同様にして、楕円偏光板EP5を得た。λ/4部のNz係数は-0.34であった。
遅相子要素ZBを含まないことを除いては、楕円偏光板EP1と同様にして、楕円偏光板EP6を得た。λ/4部のNz係数は1.00であった。
厚み方向リタデーションがRethZB(550)=-40nmとなるように調整して得られた遅相子要素ZB(遅相子要素Z)を有する遅相子積層体2をλ/4部としたことを除いては、楕円偏光板EP1と同様にして、楕円偏光板EP7を得た。λ/4部のNz係数は0.72であった。
厚み方向リタデーションがRethZB(550)=-140nmとなるように調整して得られた遅相子要素ZB(遅相子要素Z)を有する遅相子積層体2をλ/4部としたことを除いては、楕円偏光板EP1と同様にして、楕円偏光板EP8を得た。λ/4部のNz係数は0.01であった。
厚み方向リタデーションがRethZB(550)=-160nmとなるように調整して得られた遅相子要素ZB(遅相子要素Z)を有する遅相子積層体2をλ/4部としたことを除いては、楕円偏光板EP1と同様にして、楕円偏光板EP9を得た。λ/4部のNz係数は-0.13であった。
TACフィルムが積層された偏光子においてTACフィルムと反対側の面と、COPフィルムとλ/2部とで形成されたフィルムの遅相子要素Q側とを、粘着剤層を介して接着し、COPフィルムを剥離して積層体を得た。このとき、偏光子の透過軸とλ/2部の遅相軸とのなす角度は15°であった。次に、上記積層体の遅相子要素Q側と、遅相子積層体3の遅相子要素Q側とを粘着剤層を介して接着し、楕円偏光板EP10を得た。このとき、偏光子の透過軸とλ/4部の遅相軸とのなす角度は75°であった。このとき、λ/2部のNz係数は0.51であり、λ/4部のNz係数は1.28であった。
厚み方向リタデーションがRethZB(550)=-120nmとなるように調整して得られた遅相子要素ZB(遅相子要素Z)を有する遅相子積層体2をλ/4部としたことを除いては、楕円偏光板EP1と同様にして、楕円偏光板EP11を得た。λ/4部のNz係数は0.15であった。
以下の3種類の光反射層を用いた。
・光反射層A:市販のサムスン電子製OLED表示装置搭載スマートホンGALAXY Tab S 8.4 SC-03Gを分解し、カバーガラスと楕円偏光板を取り除いて使用した。
・光反射層B:市販のファーウェイ・テクノロジーズ製OLED表示装置搭載スマートホンMate 30 Proを分解し、カバーガラスと楕円偏光板を取り除いて使用した。
・光反射層C:市販のApple Inc.製OLED表示装置搭載スマートホンiPhone(登録商標)Xを分解し、カバーガラスと楕円偏光板を取り除いて使用した。
楕円偏光板EP1~EP5,EP7~EP11それぞれの遅相子要素ZB上に、粘着剤層を積層した。当該粘着剤層を介して、楕円偏光板EP1~EP5,EP7~EP11をガラスに貼合し、リタデーションを測定するためのサンプルを得た。楕円偏光板EP1~EP5,EP7~EP11の各波長における面内リタデーションReo(λ)を測定した結果、いずれも、
Reo(450)=112nm、
Reo(550)=138nm、
Reo(650)=162nm、
Reo(450)/Reo(550)=0.81、
Reo(650)/Reo(550)=1.17、
であった。
楕円偏光板EP6の遅相子要素Q上に、粘着剤層を積層し、当該粘着剤層を介して、楕円偏光板EP6をガラスに貼合し、リタデーションを測定するためのサンプルを得た。各波長における面内リタデーションReo(λ)を測定した結果、
Reo(450)=112nm、
Reo(550)=138nm、
Reo(650)=162nm、
Reo(450)/Reo(550)=0.81、
Reo(650)/Reo(550)=1.17、
であった。
準備した楕円偏光板EP1~EP11と、光反射層A,B,Cを組み合わせた場合に対して、楕円偏光板EP1~EP11の表示性能の目視確認を次のようにして行った。
(目視確認方法)
5人の観察者によって晴天の日中に野外で実施した。傾斜角10°の場合及び傾斜角45°の場合それぞれにおいて式(15)で示される面内角度範囲の全範囲にて観察した。5人中4人以上が光反射層からの虹色の反射光を感じなかった場合は、反射光がよく防止された良好な表示性能であると評価した。それ以外の場合は、表示性能を損ねていると評価した。
楕円偏光板EP1~EP5それぞれを、粘着剤を介して光反射層A上に接着して得られたサンプルを、傾斜角θ=10°における視感度補正反射率を測定及び算出した結果、いずれもRy10=4.7%であった。さらに、傾斜角θ=10°での反射外光を観察したところ、いずれの場合においても反射光がよく防止された良好な表示性能であることを確認できた。
楕円偏光板EP1,EP6~EP9それぞれを、粘着剤を介して光反射層B上に接着して得られたサンプルを、傾斜角θ=10°における視感度補正反射率を測定及び算出した結果、いずれもRy10=4.6%であった。さらに、傾斜角θ=10°での反射外光を目視観察したところ、いずれの場合においても反射光がよく防止された良好な表示性能であることを確認できた。
楕円偏光板EP2,EP3,EP6,EP10,EP11それぞれを、粘着剤を介して光反射層C上に接着して得られたサンプルを、傾斜角θ=10°における視感度補正反射率を測定及び算出した結果、いずれもRy10=4.5%であった。さらに、傾斜角θ=10°での反射外光を目視観察したところ、いずれの場合においても反射光がよく防止された良好な表示性能であることを確認できた。
楕円偏光板EP1,EP3,EP4それぞれを、粘着剤を介して光反射層A上に接着して得られたサンプルを、傾斜角θ=45°における視感度補正反射率Ry45を測定及び算出した。算出結果は、図4(表2)に示す通りであった。さらに、太陽光下で傾斜角θ=45°における光反射層の外光反射を観察したところ、いずれの場合においても反射光がよく防止された良好な表示性能であることを確認できた。
楕円偏光板EP7,EP1,EP8それぞれを、粘着剤を介して光反射層B上に接着して得られたサンプルを、傾斜角θ=45°における視感度補正反射率Ry45を測定及び算出した。算出結果は、図4(表2)に示す通りであった。さらに、太陽光下で傾斜角θ=45°における光反射層の外光反射を観察したところ、いずれの場合においても反射光がよく防止された良好な表示性能であることを確認できた。
楕円偏光板EP6,EP2,EP3それぞれを、粘着剤を介して光反射層C上に接着して得られたサンプルを、傾斜角θ=45°における視感度補正反射率Ry45を測定及び算出した。算出結果は、図4(表2)に示す通りであった。さらに、太陽光下で傾斜角θ=45°における光反射層の外光反射を観察したところ、いずれの場合においても反射光がよく防止された良好な表示性能であることを確認できた。
楕円偏光板EP2,EP5それぞれを、粘着剤を介して光反射層A上に接着して得られたサンプルを、傾斜角θ=45°における視感度補正反射率Ry45を測定及び算出した。算出結果は、図4(表2)に示す通りであった。さらに、太陽光下で傾斜角θ=45°における光反射層の外光反射を観察したところ、いずれの場合においても強い虹色の反射光が視認され表示性能を損なうことが確認された。
楕円偏光板EP6,EP9それぞれを、粘着剤を介して光反射層B上に接着して得られたサンプルを、傾斜角θ=45°における視感度補正反射率Ry45を測定及び算出した。算出結果は、図4(表2)に示す通りであった。さらに、太陽光下で傾斜角θ=45°における光反射層の外光反射を観察したところ、いずれの場合においても強い虹色の反射光が視認され表示性能を損なうことが確認された。
楕円偏光板EP10、EP11それぞれを、粘着剤を介して光反射層C上に接着して得られたサンプルを、傾斜角θ=45°における視感度補正反射率Ry45を測定及び算出した。算出結果は、図4(表2)に示す通りであった。さらに、太陽光下で傾斜角θ=45°における光反射層の外光反射を観察したところ、いずれの場合においても強い虹色の反射光が視認され表示性能を損なうことが確認された。
図4の図表(表2)において、「光反射層」の列における「種類」欄のA,B,Cは、光反射層A、光反射層Bおよび光反射層Cに対応する。
「光反射層」の列におけるρ係数は、表1に示した光反射層A,B,CのReM45と、光反射層A,B,Cと組み合わされた楕円偏光板EP1~EP11が有するλ/4部の遅相子要素Qの面内リタデーションReoQを式(A)に代入して算出された値である。
「Nz係数」は、λ/4部が有する遅相子要素Qおよび遅相子要素ZBの面内リタデーションおよび厚み方向リタデーションを、式(C)に代入して算出された値である。
「傾斜角45°目視」の欄の「〇」は、「反射光がよく防止された良好な表示性能である」ことを示す、「×」は後述するように「虹色の反射光が視認され表示性能を損なっている」ことを示す。
L1:Nz=4.5ρ+0.955
L2:Nz=4.5ρ-0.160
L3:Nz=4.5ρ+0.690
L4:Nz=4.5ρ-0.035
L5:Nz=4.5ρ+0.5
Claims (5)
- 光反射性画像表示層と、
前記光反射性画像表示層の画像表示面上に積層された楕円偏光板と、
を備え、
前記楕円偏光板は、偏光子、λ/2部およびλ/4部を有し、
前記偏光子、前記λ/2部および前記λ/4部は、前記光反射性画像表示層側から前記λ/4部、前記λ/2部および前記偏光子の順に配置されており、
前記λ/2部は、第1遅相子要素、第2遅相子要素、第2遅相子要素および第1遅相子要素が、前記第1遅相子要素、前記第2遅相子要素、前記第2遅相子要素および前記第1遅相子要素の順に積層された積層体であり、
前記第1遅相子要素は逆波長分散性を有しており略λ/4の大きさの面内位相差を与える要素であり、
前記第2遅相子要素は、厚み方向位相差を与える要素であり、
前記光反射性画像表示層の厚み方向に対する傾斜角45°の投影面での波長550nmにおける前記光反射性画像表示層の面内リタデーションをReM45とし、前記λ/4部の波長550nmにおける面内リタデーションをReoQとし、前記光反射性画像表示層のρ係数(ρ)を式(A)で表した場合、前記λ/4部のNz係数(Nz)と、前記ρ係数(ρ)とは式(B)に示した関係を満たす、
表示装置。
ρ=ReM45/ReoQ ・・・(A)
4.5ρ-0.160<Nz<4.5ρ+0.955 ・・・(B) - 前記第1遅相子要素は、波長550nmの面内位相差として略λ/4を与えるポジティブAプレートである、
請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第2遅相子要素は、厚み方向位相差を与えるポジティブCプレートである、
請求項1または2に記載の表示装置。 - 前記λ/4部は、前記光反射性画像表示層側から第3遅相子要素および第1遅相子要素が、前記第3遅相子要素および前記第1遅相子要素の順に積層された積層体であり、
前記λ/4部が有する前記第1遅相子要素は、逆波長分散性を有しており略λ/4の大きさの面内位相差を与える要素であり、
前記第3遅相子要素は、厚み方向位相差を与える要素である、
請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の表示装置。 - 前記λ/4部が有する前記第1遅相子要素は、略λ/4の大きさの位相差を波長550nmの面内位相差として与えるポジティブAプレートであり、
前記第3遅相子要素は、厚み方向位相差を与えるポジティブCプレートまたはネガティブCプレートである、
請求項4に記載の表示装置。
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- 2022-01-24 WO PCT/JP2022/002406 patent/WO2022190673A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-01-24 KR KR1020237034073A patent/KR20230155520A/ko unknown
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Patent Citations (4)
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JP2006259694A (ja) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-28 | Toppoly Optoelectronics Corp | 反射防止偏光板とそれを用いた装置 |
JP2010102288A (ja) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-05-06 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 位相差フィルム製造用部材 |
JP2021002026A (ja) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-01-07 | Dic株式会社 | 重合性液晶組成物、光学異方体及びその製造方法 |
JP2021009360A (ja) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-01-28 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光学積層体 |
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CN116723931A (zh) | 2023-09-08 |
TW202240213A (zh) | 2022-10-16 |
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