WO2022185989A1 - レーザーブレージング接合方法 - Google Patents
レーザーブレージング接合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022185989A1 WO2022185989A1 PCT/JP2022/007115 JP2022007115W WO2022185989A1 WO 2022185989 A1 WO2022185989 A1 WO 2022185989A1 JP 2022007115 W JP2022007115 W JP 2022007115W WO 2022185989 A1 WO2022185989 A1 WO 2022185989A1
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- Prior art keywords
- joining
- filler wire
- laser beam
- laser
- range
- Prior art date
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- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;iron Chemical compound [AlH3].[Fe] KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser brazing joining method for brazing a steel plate and an aluminum-based plate material by irradiating a laser beam.
- the present invention relates to a laser brazing joining method for producing a flare joint or a lap joint by feeding a filler wire (brazing material) and melting the brazing material by irradiating it with a laser beam.
- a laser beam capable of finely controlling the amount of heat input is used as a heat source for melting a brazing material.
- the wet length between the melted wire and the work (base material) is a predetermined amount or more, and the wire supply amount is controlled so that the appearance part does not bulge, etc., to ensure joint strength.
- a laser brazing method is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a laser brazing joining method in which an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and an aluminum-based plate are overlapped and fillet-joined by a pair of front and rear laser beams arranged in the joining direction, prior to laser brazing. , the first laser beam is irradiated to the joint portion of the galvanized steel sheet to remove the coating layer, and immediately after that, the second laser beam is irradiated to the portion where the coating layer has been removed, and the brazing material supplied to the portion is melted.
- a laser brazing method is disclosed in which necessary and sufficient bonding strength is obtained by doing so.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a laser beam bonding method for steel plates and aluminum-based plate materials, in which a leading beam positioned on the front side of the processing point in the direction of travel and a trailing beam positioned on the rear side in the direction of travel are used, Preheating is performed by irradiating the preceding beam so that the amount of heat input per unit area to the aluminum-based material portion is greater than the amount of heat input per unit area of the steel plate, and then the following beam is irradiated to the brazing material.
- a laser beam bonding method that suppresses appearance defects of a bonded portion by melting.
- Non-Patent Document 1 an electrically heated flux cored wire (FCW) is placed at the head, and two high-power semiconductor laser irradiation devices are arranged behind it, and the irradiation area of the preceding laser beam is the wire tip. A rectangular spot is used for the purpose of stable melting and opening of the trailing laser beam.
- a technique for joining steel/aluminum dissimilar metals is disclosed.
- three types of steel sheets, a hot-dip galvanized (GI) steel sheet, an alloyed hot-dip galvanized (GA) steel sheet, and a cold-rolled steel sheet (CR) that does not have a coating layer, and an A5052Al alloy plate are combined with a laser output of 5 kW. states that welding can be performed without defects up to a construction speed of 9 m/min, and up to a construction speed of 6 m/min with a laser output of 4 kW.
- the laser brazing method disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses only one laser beam for joining. Therefore, in order to form a brazing bead with an excellent appearance, it is necessary to melt the filler wire with a single laser beam and allow the melted wire to conform to the base material.
- the wettability between the melted filler wire and the base material is greatly affected by the heating state of the base material, so it is necessary to strictly adjust the irradiation position and focal position of the laser beam, especially when performing high-speed bonding.
- the laser brazing joining method disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a technique in which the galvanized layer of the steel sheet is removed with the preceding laser beam, and then the filler wire is melted with the following laser beam for brazing.
- the method requires that the width of the plating layer removed by the preceding laser beam be greater than the width of the brazing.
- the laser beam is defocused in order to irradiate a wide range, it becomes necessary to increase the energy of the irradiating laser beam, which makes high-speed bonding difficult.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is capable of high-speed bonding, as shown in FIG. Since the feed angle ⁇ of the filler wire becomes smaller as a result, it is necessary to increase the energization heating temperature of the filler wire in order to efficiently feed the wire metal between the materials (butt portion). In addition, since the material and the wire are stacked and the laser beam is irradiated from above, part of the heat input by the laser is used to heat the wire, so a high-power laser is required to heat the wire to a sufficient temperature There is also the problem of the need for
- the present invention was developed in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a laser brazing joining method capable of fabricating without causing defects.
- Non-Patent Document 1 In order to solve the above problems, the inventors focused on the joining method of the flare joint disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 and repeated studies. As a result, the above method is considered to have a limit in efficiently feeding the filler wire between the members of the flare joint (butt portion) when the feed angle ⁇ of the filler wire to the joint is small. , further investigated the means to solve this problem. As a result, unlike Non-Patent Document 1, the inventors came up with the idea of making the wire feed angle substantially perpendicular to the joining direction. As a result, the filler wire can be efficiently inserted into the butted portion, high-speed construction is possible, and restrictions on the laser beam irradiation position can be relaxed.
- the inventors further studied the conditions under which the joint can be stably formed without causing joint defects even when the filler wire is supplied to the joint almost perpendicularly.
- the filler wire is positioned at 0° ⁇ D ⁇ 19° toward the front side or the rear side of the joining direction with respect to the center line passing through the center of the groove of the flare joint and perpendicular to the joining direction. It has been found that it is effective to supply with a gradient in the range.
- a simple lap joint was also examined, and as with the flare joint, the angle was inclined in the range of 0° ⁇ D ⁇ 19° to the front or rear side of the joining direction with respect to the line perpendicular to the lower plate surface of the lap joint.
- the present inventors have found that it is effective to supply the material by allowing it to cool, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention is a method for joining a flare joint composed of a steel plate and an aluminum-based plate material, and plans to join by irradiating a preceding laser beam in front of the joining direction (joining point) of the steel plate and the aluminum-based plate material.
- the filler wire is sent while being inclined in the range of 0° ⁇ D ⁇ 19° toward the front side or the rear side of the joining direction with respect to the center line passing through the center of the groove of the flare joint and perpendicular to the joining direction.
- the present invention provides a method for joining a lap joint composed of a steel plate and an aluminum-based plate material, in which a planned joining position is determined by irradiating a preceding laser beam forward in the joining direction of the joining position (joining point) between the steel plate and the aluminum-based plate material.
- the above Laser brazing joining characterized in that the filler wire is fed while being inclined in the range of 0° ⁇ D ⁇ 19° toward the front side or the rear side in the joining direction with respect to a line perpendicular to the lower plate surface of the lap joint. Suggest a method.
- the following (2 )formula 0.5 ⁇ T ⁇ W ⁇ 3 ⁇ T (2) It is characterized by being a range that satisfies
- the irradiation range of the preceding laser beam is rectangular, and the bonding direction length A of the irradiation range of the laser beam is set to the following in relation to the width W of the irradiation range: (3) formula; W ⁇ A ⁇ 10 ⁇ W (3) It is characterized by being a range that satisfies
- the steel plate to which the laser brazing joining method of the present invention is applied is characterized by being a steel plate coated with flux.
- the filler wire used in the laser brazing joining method of the present invention is characterized by being a flux cored wire.
- the preceding laser beam used in the laser brazing joining method of the present invention is characterized by being a solid-state laser.
- the laser brazing joining method of the present invention is characterized in that the steel sheet has a plating layer containing zinc as a main component, and the plating layer is melted by the preceding laser beam and then brazed.
- the temperature T f (K) at which the filler wire is energized and heated is expressed by the following formula (4), where T m (K) is the melting point of the filler wire; 0.5 ⁇ T m ⁇ T f ⁇ T m (4) It is characterized by being a range that satisfies
- the distance LB between the leading end of the filler wire and the trailing end of the irradiation range of the trailing laser beam is defined as d when the diameter of the filler wire is , the following formula (5); 0 ⁇ LB ⁇ 3 ⁇ d (5) It is characterized by being a range that satisfies
- the laser beam is irradiated from two directions before and after the joining direction to the joining position.
- the energized filler wire is supplied to the welding position.
- the filler wire can be melted after it has been fed to the joining position, thus allowing high speed brazing.
- the joint is formed by heating and melting the filler wire fed to the joint position by laser beam irradiation from the rear.
- the filler wire is supplied at an appropriate angle, it is possible to supply the filler wire to the depths of the butt portion of the flare joint or lap joint, thereby stably forming a high-strength welded joint with excellent appearance. can be obtained.
- the irradiation range of the preceding laser beam and the distance between the filler wires are set to appropriate ranges, the planned joining position ahead of the feed point of the filler wire is heated to a suitable temperature, and the surface of the base metal of the joint is heated. Since the wettability is enhanced and the brazing filler metal can be supplied deep into the gap between the butted portions, a joint between the brazing filler metal and the base metal can be formed without defects.
- the width of the irradiation range of the preceding laser beam in the direction perpendicular to the joining direction is set to an appropriate range with respect to the sum of the plate thicknesses of the steel plate and the aluminum-based plate material, thereby ensuring good wettability. can be done.
- the length of the irradiation range of the preceding laser beam in the joining direction is a rectangular shape longer than the width of the irradiation range, rapid heating by the preceding laser beam is suppressed, and flux from the base material coated with flux is suppressed.
- the flux can be prevented from peeling off, and the wettability between the base material and the molten wire can be improved, and high-speed bonding can be achieved while obtaining a bead with an excellent appearance.
- a flux-cored wire is used as the filler wire, high-speed joining is possible while obtaining a bead with excellent appearance without applying flux to the base material in advance.
- a zinc-based plated steel sheet is used as the base material steel sheet, the plating layer is melted with a preceding laser beam, and then brazed, so that the base material is melted without applying flux. Since the wettability between the wires can be ensured, high-speed bonding becomes possible while obtaining a bead with excellent appearance.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the position of breakage when a flare joint is subjected to a tensile test; It is a figure explaining the laser brazing joining method of the nonpatent literature 1, (a) is a side view, (b) is a top view. It is a figure explaining the lap joint produced in the Example.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the position of breakage when a lap joint is subjected to a tensile test;
- the present invention relates to a method for joining flare joints or lap joints composed of dissimilar steel plates and aluminum-based plates. Specifically, unlike the joining method of Non-Patent Document 1 (see FIG. 5) described above, as shown in FIG. After preheating the position to be joined by irradiating the beam, an aluminum-based filler wire that has been electrically heated is supplied to the above-mentioned joining position (joining point), and a trailing laser beam is irradiated to the rear of the filler wire to form the filler wire. It is a joining technology that melts and solidifies to perform brazing.
- the filler wire is placed against a center line passing through the center of the groove of the flare joint and perpendicular to the joining direction,
- the filler wire is fed while being inclined forward or rearward in the joining direction at an inclination angle D of 0° ⁇ D ⁇ 19° with respect to a line perpendicular to the lower plate surface of the lap joint.
- the angle of inclination D of the filler wire with respect to a line which is the center line passing through the center of the groove of the flare joint and is perpendicular to the joining direction is the front side or the rear side of the joining direction.
- FIG. 2 shows the cross section of the joint before joining.
- X is the point where the butted base materials meet
- Y is the bending end point of the base material on the side closer to X
- Z is the point at the same distance as the distance XY between the opposing base materials.
- the bisector of the angle formed by the line A passing through XY and the line B passing through XZ is defined as the center line CL passing through the center of the groove. If there is a gap between the butted base metals as in (d), X is the position where the two base metals are closest to each other, and the distance is obtained in the same manner.
- the filler wire is positioned at 0° ⁇ D in the joining direction forward or backward with respect to a line (line V shown in FIG. 1) perpendicular to the lower plate surface of the lap joint.
- a line line V shown in FIG. 1
- the preferred angle of inclination D is in the range 0-15°, similar to flare joints.
- the leading laser beam The distance L between the trailing end of the irradiation range and the trailing end of the filler wire (see FIG. 1(b)), including the case where the preceding laser beam directly irradiates the filler wire, is defined as follows (1) formula; 0 ⁇ L ⁇ 4 ⁇ d (1) It is preferable to set it as the range defined by.
- d in the above formula (1) is the diameter of the filler wire.
- the planned bonding position ahead of the feed point of the filler wire can be heated to a suitable temperature to increase the wettability of the base metal surface of the joint, so that stable welding can be obtained.
- the irradiation range of the preceding laser beam and the filler wire supply position may be overlapped, as described above, by heating the planned joining position at a distance slightly forward, the heating effect due to heat conduction can be further enhanced. Loss of irradiation energy of the laser beam can be reduced. On the other hand, if the separation distance L is too large, the above heating effect cannot be obtained. More preferable L is in the range of 0.1 ⁇ d to 2 ⁇ d.
- the following (2 )formula 0.5 ⁇ T ⁇ W ⁇ 3 ⁇ T (2) It is preferable to be within the range defined by.
- W in the above formula (2) indicates the heating width of the joint required to ensure the wettability of the brazing metal (brazing material). If it is too large, there is a risk of adverse effects such as heat loss due to energy dispersion and thermal deformation.
- a more preferable irradiation width W is in the range of 0.7 ⁇ T to 2 ⁇ T. More preferably, it is in the range of 1 ⁇ T to 2 ⁇ T.
- the irradiation range of the preceding laser beam is rectangular and the length of the irradiation range of the laser beam in the bonding direction is A
- the above A is the following formula (3) in relation to the width W of the irradiation range; W ⁇ A ⁇ 10 ⁇ W (3) It is preferable that the range satisfies
- the reason for limiting the bonding direction length A of the irradiation range of the preceding laser beam to the above range is that when the above A is smaller than the width W of the irradiation range, high-speed bonding, especially high-speed bonding of 2 m/min or more, is performed, and the laser beam In the short-time heating of irradiation, the heating in the plate thickness direction of the base metal is insufficient, and the temperature rise of the base metal is insufficient due to the heat removal by the supplied wire, leading to deterioration of the bead appearance and deterioration of joint strength. This is because there is a fear.
- A is more preferably in the range of W to 5 ⁇ W, more preferably in the range of W to 4 ⁇ W.
- the filler wire used in the present invention must be heated by electric heating before it is supplied to the joint.
- T m (K) the melting point of T m (K)
- the following formula (4) 0.5 ⁇ T m ⁇ T f ⁇ T m (4) It is preferable that the range satisfies
- T f of the filler wire is lower than 0.5 ⁇ T m , the filler wire tends to be poorly melted. It is from.
- T f is in the range of 0.6 ⁇ T m to T m .
- the distance L B (see FIG. 1(b)) between the leading end of the filler wire and the trailing end of the irradiation range of the trailing laser beam is
- the diameter of the wire is d
- the bead shape becomes unstable. It is from.
- "less than 0" means that the trailing side end of the irradiation range of the trailing laser beam is located on the joining direction side with respect to the leading side end of the filler wire.
- a more preferable L B is in the range of 0.1 ⁇ d to 2 ⁇ d.
- the steel plates forming the flare joint or lap joint to which the joining method of the present invention is applied should be joined after applying flux to the vicinity of the joint before brazing, from the viewpoint of further increasing the wettability with the brazing metal. is preferred.
- FCW flux cored wire
- the combination of flux and steel plate or filler wire may be appropriately selected from the viewpoint of ensuring wettability.
- a solid wire coated with flux may be used.
- the preceding laser beam used in the present invention is preferably a solid-state laser so that the shape of the heating region can be freely controlled.
- the profile control function of the solid-state laser it is possible to efficiently heat the side surfaces of flare joints or lap joints having different depths (depths of the openings of the butt portions).
- solid-state lasers include fiber lasers that use optical fibers as amplification media and semiconductor lasers that use semiconductors as media. I don't mind.
- the trailing laser beam is also preferably a solid-state laser from the viewpoint of controlling the shape of the heating region. The reason is that the bead shape can be controlled by using the profile control function of the solid-state laser.
- Flare joints or lap joints manufactured by satisfying the above conditions are such that the supplied filler wire is fed deep into the butt part of the base material, and wetting of the molten filler metal and the base material (steel plate, aluminum-based plate material) is prevented. Since it has good properties, it has high strength and excellent appearance.
- Flare joints composed of various steel plates having different thicknesses, strengths, and types of zinc-based plating layers shown in Table 1 and Al alloys were prepared by the joining method of the present invention shown in FIG.
- a filler wire precedes and is followed by two laser beams for laser brazing joining As the Al alloy, A5052 (Al—Mg alloy) having a plate thickness of 1.2 mm was used.
- a flux cored wire (FCW) for Fe—Al laser brazing with a diameter of 1.2 mm was used as a filler wire serving as a brazing material.
- a test piece material with a short side of 150 mm and a long side of 400 mm is cut out from the above material, and bent at 90° along the long side at a position of 20 mm from one end of the long side to form an L shape.
- the short sides of the L-shape are butted against each other so that the plate thickness center lines of the long sides of the L-shape are aligned with each other as shown in FIG. A 300 mm joint was formed.
- the angle of inclination D of the filler wire (the angle with respect to the line V which is the center line passing through the center of the groove of the flare joint and is perpendicular to the joining direction) is 0°, 10°, 15°, and 18° in the method of the present invention. , 19° and 20°, and one level at 45° for the prior art method.
- a semiconductor laser was used for both the leading laser beam and the trailing laser beam, and the output power of the leading and trailing laser beams was appropriately set within the range of 2 to 6 kW.
- the irradiation range of the preceding laser beam was a rectangle elongated in the joining direction, and the length A in the joining direction was 3.2 times (constant) the width W in the direction perpendicular to the joining direction.
- the trailing laser beam was circular with an irradiation range of ⁇ 3 mm under all conditions, and was irradiated so as to heat the area immediately after the wire feeding position.
- Ar gas was supplied to the wire supply section at 20 L/min and to the trailing laser beam irradiation section at 40 L/min.
- the filler wire was energized and heated at a current value of 275 A (fixed) to a temperature of 0.5 T m to T m with respect to the melting point T m (K), and the feeding speed was 17.5 m / min. .
- Table 2 summarizes other joining conditions.
- ⁇ Appearance evaluation> Visually inspect the range of 200 mm in the central part of the 300 mm long joint, and a smooth bead is formed without any joint defects. ⁇ indicates that there is no bonding defect, but ⁇ indicates that unevenness such as waviness is observed at 20% or more and less than 50% of the bead length. Those confirmed at 50% or more of the length were evaluated as x.
- ⁇ Joint strength> As shown in FIG. 3, a T-shaped tensile test piece with a width of 50 mm was cut out from the flare joint obtained as described above from the central portion in the length direction of the joint.
- breaking strength per unit length of the joint was 120% or more with respect to the yield strength per unit length in the joining direction of the steel plate, and 100% or more and 120%. Less than 0, 80% or more and less than 100% were evaluated as ⁇ , and less than 80% were evaluated as x. ⁇ Break point> The fracture surface after the tensile test was observed, and as shown in FIG.
- the peeled surface consists of the Al alloy side B, the steel plate side B', the fractured surface of the brazed metal and the peeled surface between the brazed metal and the base material, and the fractured surface is the Al alloy side was classified as C, and the steel plate side as C'. Even if the peeled surface between the brazed metal and the base metal is along the outer surface of the base metal, if an alloy phase between the brazed metal and the base metal is confirmed on the peeled surface, the brazed metal will not break. judged to be a cross section.
- FCW was used as a filler wire, but it was confirmed in a separate experiment that even when a solid wire was used, the same results as above were obtained with a steel plate whose surface was coated with flux.
- the side edges were lapped 10 mm and laser brazed to form a 300 mm long joint.
- the angle of inclination D of the filler wire (the angle with respect to the line V perpendicular to the lower plate surface of the lap joint) is set to six levels of 0°, 10°, 15°, 18, 19 and 20° in the method of the present invention. In the prior art method, one level of 45° was used.
- lasers used for laser brazing bonding semiconductor lasers were used for both the leading laser beam and the trailing laser beam, and the outputs of the leading and trailing lasers were appropriately set within the range of 2 to 6 kW.
- the irradiation range of the preceding laser beam was a rectangle elongated in the joining direction, and the length A in the joining direction was 3.2 times (constant) the width W in the direction perpendicular to the joining direction.
- the trailing laser beam was circular with an irradiation range of ⁇ 3 mm under all conditions, and was irradiated so as to heat the area immediately after the wire feeding position.
- Ar gas was supplied to the wire supply section at 20 L/min and to the trailing laser beam irradiation section at 40 L/min.
- the filler wire was energized and heated at a current value of 275 A (fixed) to a temperature of 0.5 T m to T m with respect to the melting point T m (K), and the feeding speed was 17.5 m / min. .
- Table 3 summarizes other joining conditions.
- the breaking strength was measured and divided by the length of the joint (50 mm) to obtain the breaking strength per unit length of the joint.
- the breaking strength per unit length of the joint was 120% or more with respect to the yield strength per unit length in the joining direction of the steel plate, and 100% or more and 120%. Less than 0, 80% or more and less than 100% were evaluated as ⁇ , and less than 80% were evaluated as x.
- ⁇ Break point> Observing the fracture surface after the tensile test, as shown in FIG. , which consists of the peeled surface between the brazed metal and the base material, and the peeled surface is classified as C on the Al alloy side and C' on the steel plate side.
- the brazed metal Even if the peeled surface between the brazed metal and the base metal is along the outer surface of the base metal, if an alloy phase between the brazed metal and the base metal is confirmed on the peeled surface, the brazed metal will not break. judged to be a cross section.
- FCW was used as a filler wire, but it was confirmed in a separate experiment that even when a solid wire was used, the same results as above were obtained with a steel plate whose surface was coated with flux.
- the technique of the present invention is not limited to brazing different materials such as an Al alloy plate and a steel plate. It can also be widely applied to the technical field of layered manufacturing that involves adhesion and deposition. Specifically, there are technologies such as a technology that locally adheres molten metal to a member to increase the thickness of the member to increase the rigidity of the member, and a 3D printer that sequentially deposits molten metal to create a three-dimensional object. Application to technology is conceivable.
- Flare joint 2 Leading laser beam 2': Leading laser beam irradiation range 3: Trailing laser beam 3': Trailing laser beam irradiation range
- CL Center line passing through the groove center
- V Groove center of the flare joint A line that is the center line passing through and perpendicular to the joining direction, or a line perpendicular to the lower plate surface of the lap joint
- D Angle of inclination of the filler wire ⁇ : Feeding angle of the filler wire A: Joining direction of the preceding laser beam irradiation range Length W: width of the preceding laser beam irradiation range L: distance between the trailing end of the preceding laser beam irradiation range and the trailing end of the filler wire LB : the trailing end of the trailing laser beam irradiation range and the filler Distance from leading end of wire d: Diameter of filler wire St: Steel plate Al: Al alloy plate Br: Brazing part
Abstract
Description
0≦L≦4×d ・・・(1)
を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする。
0.5×T≦W≦3×T ・・・(2)
を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする。
W≦A≦10×W ・・・(3)
を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする。
0.5×Tm≦Tf≦Tm ・・・(4)
を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする。
0≦LB≦3×d ・・・(5)
を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする。
図2は、接合前の継手の断面を示したものであり、(a)は、突き合せた両母材間に目違いがない(基準面に食い違いがない)場合、(b)および(c)は、突き合せた母材間で段差を設けて突き合わせた場合のフレア継手である。いずれの場合も、突き合せた母材が会合する点をX、Xから見て近い側の母材の曲げ加工終了点をY、対向する母材の距離X-Yと同じ距離の点をZとしたとき、XYを通る線AとXZを通る線Bとがなす角の2等分線を、開先中央を通る中心線CLとする。なお、(d)のように、突き合せた両母材間に隙間がある場合は、両母材が最も近接する位置をXとし、同様にして求める。
0≦L≦4×d ・・・(1)
で規定される範囲とすることが好ましい。ここで、上記(1)式中のdはフィラーワイヤの径である。
0.5×T≦W≦3×T ・・・(2)
で規定される範囲内とすることが好ましい。
W≦A≦10×W ・・・(3)
を満たす範囲とするのが好ましい。
0.5×Tm≦Tf≦Tm ・・・(4)
を満たす範囲とするのが好ましい。
0≦LB≦3×d ・・・(5)
を満たす範囲とすることが好ましい。
フレア継手は、上記材料から短辺150mm×長辺400mmの試験片素材を切り出し、長辺の片方の端部から20mmの位置で長辺に沿って90°に曲げ加工を行ってL字形状とし、L字の短辺同士を、図2(a)に示したように、L字の長辺の板厚中心線が相互に一致するようにして突き合せた後、レーザーブレージング接合し、長さ300mmの接合部を形成した。
この際、フィラーワイヤの傾斜角度D(フレア継手の開先中央を通る中心線でかつ接合方向に垂直な線Vに対する角度)は、本発明の方法では0°、10°、15°、18°、19°および20°の6水準、従来技術の方法では45°の1水準とした。また、レーザーブレージング接合に用いたレーザは、先行レーザービーム、後行レーザービームともに半導体レーザを用い、先行、後行レーザービームの出力は2~6kWの範囲で適宜設定した。また、先行レーザービームの照射範囲は、接合方向に長い矩形とし、接合方向の長さAは、接合方向に直角な方向の幅Wの3.2倍(一定)とした。また、後行レーザービームは、すべての条件でφ3mmの照射範囲を持つ円形とし、ワイヤの送給位置の直後を加熱するように照射した。また、シールドガスは、Arガスを20L/minでワイヤ供給部に、40L/minで後行レーザービーム照射部に供給した。また、フィラーワイヤは、電流値を275A(固定)として融点Tm(K)に対して0.5Tm~Tmの温度となるよう通電加熱し、送給速度は17.5m/minとした。なお、その他の接合条件については表2にまとめて示した。
<外観評価>
長さ300mmの接合部の中央部200mmの範囲を目視検査し、接合欠陥がなく滑らかなビードが形成されていたものを◎、接合欠陥はないが、波打ちなどの凹凸がビード長さの20%未満に観察されたものを〇、接合欠陥はないが、波打ちなどの凹凸がビード長さの20%以上50%未満で確認されたものを△、接合欠陥があるか、波打ちなどの凹凸がビード長さの50%以上で確認されたものを×と評価した。
<接合継手強度>
上記のようにして得たフレア継手から、図3に示すように、接合部の長さ方向中央部から、幅50mmのT字型の引張試験片を切り出し、図3に矢印で示した方向に引っ張る引張試験を行い、破断強度を測定し、この破断強度を接合部長さ(50mm)で除して、接合部単位長さあたりの破断強度を求めた。なお、破断強度の評価は、上記接合部単位長さあたりの破断強度が、鋼板の接合方向単位長さあたりの降伏強度に対して、120%以上であったものを◎、100%以上120%未満のものを〇、80%以上100%未満のものを△、80%未満であるものを×と評価した。
<破断箇所>
上記引張試験後の破断面を観察し、図4に示したように、破断面が、母材部(Al合金側)で破断したものをA、ろう付けした金属と母材との剥離面のみからなるもので、剥離面がAl合金側をB、鋼板側をB´、ろう付けした金属の破断面とろう付けした金属と母材との剥離面からなるもので、破断面がAl合金側をC、鋼板側をC´と分類した。なお、ろう付けした金属と母材との剥離面が母材の外面に沿っていても、剥離面にろう付けした金属と母材との合金相が確認される場合は、ろう付け金属の破断面と判断した。
重ね隅肉継手は、上記材料から短辺150mm×長辺400mmの試験片素材を切り出し、図6に示したように、Al合金板が鋼板の上側になるようにしてAl合金板と鋼板の長辺端部を10mmラップさせ、レーザーブレージング接合し、長さ300mmの接合部を形成した。
この際、フィラーワイヤの傾斜角度D(重ね継手の下板面に鉛直な線Vに対する角度)は、本発明の方法では0°、10°、15°、18、19および20°の6水準、従来技術の方法では45°の1水準とした。また、レーザーブレージング接合に用いたレーザは、先行レーザービーム、後行レーザービームともに半導体レーザを用い、先行、後行レーザの出力は2~6kWの範囲で適宜設定した。また、先行レーザービームの照射範囲は、接合方向に長い矩形とし、接合方向の長さAは、接合方向に直角な方向の幅Wの3.2倍(一定)とした。また、後行レーザービームは、すべての条件でφ3mmの照射範囲を持つ円形とし、ワイヤの送給位置の直後を加熱するように照射した。また、シールドガスは、Arガスを20L/minでワイヤ供給部に、40L/minで後行レーザービーム照射部に供給した。また、フィラーワイヤは、電流値を275A(固定)として融点Tm(K)に対して0.5Tm~Tmの温度となるよう通電加熱し、送給速度は17.5m/minとした。なお、その他の接合条件については表3にまとめて示した。
<外観評価>
長さ300mmの接合部の中央部200mmの範囲を目視検査し、接合欠陥がなく滑らかなビードが形成されていたものを◎、接合欠陥はないが、波打ちなどの凹凸がビード長さの20%未満に観察されたものを〇、接合欠陥はないが、波打ちなどの凹凸がビード長さの20%以上50%未満で確認されたものを△、接合欠陥があるか、波打ちなどの凹凸がビード長さの50%以上で確認されたものを×と評価した。
<接合継手強度>
上記のようにして得た重ね継手から、図6に示すように、接合部の長さ方向中央部から、幅50mmの引張試験片を切り出し、図6に矢印で示した方向に引っ張る引張試験を行い、破断強度を測定し、この破断強度を接合部長さ(50mm)で除して、接合部単位長さあたりの破断強度を求めた。なお、破断強度の評価は、上記接合部単位長さあたりの破断強度が、鋼板の接合方向単位長さあたりの降伏強度に対して、120%以上であったものを◎、100%以上120%未満のものを〇、80%以上100%未満のものを△、80%未満であるものを×と評価した。
<破断箇所>
上記引張試験後の破断面を観察し、図7に示したように、破断面が、母材部(Al合金側)で破断したものをA、ろう付けした金属の内部で破断したものをB、ろう付けした金属と母材との剥離面からなるもので、剥離面がAl合金側をC、鋼板側をC´と分類した。なお、ろう付けした金属と母材との剥離面が母材の外面に沿っていても、剥離面にろう付けした金属と母材との合金相が確認される場合は、ろう付け金属の破断面と判断した。
2:先行レーザービーム
2´:先行レーザービーム照射範囲
3:後行レーザービーム
3´:後行レーザービーム照射範囲
CL:開先中央を通る中心線
V:フレア継手の開先中央を通る中心線でかつ接合方向に垂直な線、または、重ね継手の下板面に垂直な線
D:フィラーワイヤの傾斜角度
θ:フィラーワイヤの送給角度
A:先行レーザービーム照射範囲の接合方向長さ
W:先行レーザービーム照射範囲の幅
L:先行レーザービーム照射範囲の後行側端とフィラーワイヤの後行側端との距離
LB:後行レーザービーム照射範囲の後行側端とフィラーワイヤの先行側端との距離
d:フィラーワイヤの径
St:鋼板
Al:Al合金板
Br:ろう付け部
Claims (11)
- 鋼板とアルミニウム系板材から構成されるフレア継手の接合方法において、鋼板とアルミニウム系板材の接合位置(接合点)の接合方向前方に先行レーザービームを照射して接合予定位置を予熱し、上記接合位置(接合点)に通電加熱したアルミニウム系のフィラーワイヤを供給するとともに、そのフィラーワイヤの後方に後行レーザービームを照射してフィラーワイヤを溶融してろう付けする際、上記フィラーワイヤを、フレア継手の開先中央を通る中心線でかつ接合方向に垂直な線に対して、接合方向前方側または後方側に0°≦D≦19°の範囲で傾斜させて送給することを特徴とするレーザーブレージング接合方法。
- 鋼板とアルミニウム系板材から構成される重ね継手の接合方法において、鋼板とアルミニウム系板材の接合位置(接合点)の接合方向前方に先行レーザービームを照射して接合予定位置を予熱し、上記接合位置(接合点)に通電加熱したアルミニウム系のフィラーワイヤを供給するとともに、そのフィラーワイヤの後方に後行レーザービームを照射してフィラーワイヤを溶融してろう付けする際、上記フィラーワイヤを、重ね継手の下板面に垂直な線に対して、接合方向前方側または後方側に0°≦D≦19°の範囲で傾斜させて送給することを特徴とするレーザーブレージング接合方法。
- 上記先行レーザービームの照射範囲の後行側端とフィラーワイヤの後行側端との間の距離Lを、フィラーワイヤの径をdとしたとき、下記(1)式を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のレーザーブレージング接合方法。
記
0≦L≦4×d ・・・(1) - 上記先行レーザービームの照射範囲の接合方向に直角な方向の幅Wを、鋼板とアルミニウム系板材の板厚の和をTとしたとき、下記(2)式を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のレーザーブレージング接合方法。
記
0.5×T≦W≦3×T ・・・(2) - 上記先行レーザービームの照射範囲を矩形とし、かつ、レーザービームの照射範囲の接合方向長さAを、上記照射範囲の幅Wとの関係において、下記(3)式を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のレーザーブレージング接合方法。
記
W≦A≦10×W ・・・(3) - 上記鋼板は、フラックスが塗布された鋼板であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のレーザーブレージング接合方法。
- 上記フィラーワイヤは、フラックスコアードワイヤであることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のレーザーブレージング接合方法。
- 上記先行レーザービームは、固体レーザであることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のレーザーブレージング接合方法。
- 上記鋼板が亜鉛を主成分とするめっき層を有し、上記めっき層を上記先行レーザービームで溶融した状態でろう付けを行うことを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のレーザーブレージング接合方法。
- 上記フィラーワイヤを通電加熱する温度Tf(K)は、フィラーワイヤの融点をTm(K)としたとき、下記(4)式を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のレーザーブレージング接合方法。
記
0.5×Tm≦Tf≦Tm ・・・(4) - 上記フィラーワイヤの先行側端と後行レーザービームの照射範囲の後行側端との間の距離LBを、フィラーワイヤの径をdとしたとき、下記(5)式を満たす範囲とすることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のレーザーブレージング接合方法。
記
0≦LB≦3×d ・・・(5)
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