WO2022185492A1 - 光学装置 - Google Patents

光学装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022185492A1
WO2022185492A1 PCT/JP2021/008527 JP2021008527W WO2022185492A1 WO 2022185492 A1 WO2022185492 A1 WO 2022185492A1 JP 2021008527 W JP2021008527 W JP 2021008527W WO 2022185492 A1 WO2022185492 A1 WO 2022185492A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
holder
display
image
transflective
lens
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2021/008527
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
美穂 西山
雄太 銅玄
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
COLORLINK JAPAN Ltd
Original Assignee
COLORLINK JAPAN Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by COLORLINK JAPAN Ltd filed Critical COLORLINK JAPAN Ltd
Priority to CN202180004847.5A priority Critical patent/CN115315655A/zh
Priority to JP2021566311A priority patent/JP7153809B1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2021/008527 priority patent/WO2022185492A1/ja
Publication of WO2022185492A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022185492A1/ja
Priority to US18/459,413 priority patent/US20230408831A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0176—Head mounted characterised by mechanical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/288—Filters employing polarising elements, e.g. Lyot or Solc filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
    • G02B2027/0154—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features with movable elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
    • G02B2027/0161—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features characterised by the relative positioning of the constitutive elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical device that generates an enlarged virtual image of an image.
  • Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2018/150773
  • the optical device may be an optical device that produces a magnified virtual image of an image.
  • the optical device may comprise a display for outputting image light forming an image.
  • the optical device is an optical system that magnifies an image, and has a first transmission-reflection surface and a second transmission-reflection surface arranged on the eye point side and the display side, respectively, on the optical axis of the optical system.
  • Each of the reflective surface and the second transflective surface may comprise an optical system that transmits or reflects at least part of the image light.
  • the optical device is a moving device that moves the first transflective surface along the optical axis with respect to the second transflective surface, and includes a first holder that holds the display and the second transflective surface; a moving device including a second holder that holds and drivably supports the first transmission/reflection surface, and a cover that accommodates the first transmission/reflection surface between the first holder and the first holder; good.
  • the second holder includes a hole, a groove, and/or a cover that communicates a space between the cover and the first transflective surface and a space between the first transflective surface and the second transflective surface. may have a gap between (Item 2)
  • the cover may have a sealing member provided between it and the first holder.
  • the first transflective surface may reflect at least part of the image light transmitted through the second transflective surface and transmit at least part of the image light reflected by the second transflective surface.
  • the first transmission/reflection surface may be a polarizing element that reflects one of mutually orthogonal linearly polarized light and transmits the other.
  • the second transflective surface may transmit at least a portion of the image light sent from the display and reflect a portion of the image light reflected back from the first transflective surface.
  • the second transflective surface may be a half mirror surface.
  • the optical system may further comprise lens elements.
  • the second transflective surface may be provided on one surface of the lens element on the display side.
  • the second transflective surface may be an aspherical curved surface in which the amount of change in the curved surface angle continuously increases or decreases according to the distance from the center.
  • the amount of change in the curved surface angle of the second transflective surface may continuously decrease from 1.1 degrees to 0.4 degrees from the center to the outer edge.
  • the first holder may maintain the relative positional relationship between the display and the second transflective surface.
  • the moving device may further move the display along the optical axis with respect to the second transflective surface.
  • the first holder may have two sub-holders that hold the display and the second transflective surface respectively and move toward and away from each other.
  • the optical device may be an optical device that produces a magnified virtual image of an image.
  • the optical device may comprise a display for outputting image light forming an image.
  • the optical device is an optical system that magnifies an image, and has a first transmission-reflection surface and a second transmission-reflection surface arranged on the eye point side and the display side, respectively, on the optical axis of the optical system.
  • the reflecting surface transmits or reflects at least a portion of the image light
  • the second transmitting/reflecting surface is an aspherical curved surface whose curved surface angle change amount continuously increases or decreases according to the distance from the center.
  • an optical system that transmits or reflects at least a portion of the image light.
  • the optical device may comprise a moving device for moving the first transflective surface along the optical axis with respect to the second transflective surface.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration of an optical device according to this embodiment.
  • An example of the surface shape of the half mirror surface (HM) of the lens is shown.
  • An example of luminous flux cone angle characteristics after reflection on a half mirror surface (HM) of a lens is shown.
  • 1 shows the overall configuration of a mobile device; 1 shows an exploded configuration of a mobile device; Figure 3 shows the assembled state of the mobile device; The internal configuration of the moving device is shown centering on the hole provided in the second holder.
  • the principle of filter movement (filter feeding) by the movement device is shown.
  • 1 shows the principle of filter movement by a moving device (filter movement).
  • the principle of filter movement (filter retraction) by the moving device is shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows changes in curvature of field when the distance (air distance) between the reflective polarizing plate and the half mirror surface is changed (small air distance).
  • FIG. 10 shows curvature of field when the distance (air distance) between the reflective polarizing plate and the half mirror surface is changed (within the air distance).
  • FIG. 3 shows curvature of field when the distance (air distance) between the reflective polarizing plate and the half mirror surface is changed (large air distance).
  • Figure 3 shows the definition of a ray section in an optical device; 7B shows the cone angle of the ray in each ray section shown in FIG. 7A. Fig.
  • FIG. 3 shows the change in curvature of field with Air distance at each diopter; For each diopter, the deviation between the display surface position and the display light emitting surface position with respect to the air distance is shown.
  • FIG. 11 shows the overall configuration of a mobile device according to a modification;
  • FIG. 10 shows an exploded configuration of a moving device according to a modification;
  • FIG. 11 shows an assembled state of a moving device according to a modification;
  • the internal configuration of the moving device according to the modification is shown centering on the hole provided in the third holder.
  • the principle of filter movement (filter feeding) by the moving device according to the modification is shown.
  • the principle of filter movement (filter movement) by the moving device according to the modification is shown.
  • the principle of filter movement (filter retraction) by the moving device according to the modification is shown.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration of an optical device 100 according to this embodiment.
  • the optical device 100 is a device that generates an enlarged virtual image of an image, and is used for immersive virtual reality (VR) technology, for example.
  • the optical device 100 includes a display 110 , a diffractive optical element 200 , an optical system 300 , a control device 390 , a moving device 410 and a housing 400 .
  • the image light 50 emitted from the display 110 is guided to the user's eye (single eye) 30 positioned on the eye point 39 via the diffractive optical element 200 and the optical system 300 .
  • the side of the display 110 (right side in the drawing) is called the display side
  • the side of the eye point 39 (left side in the drawing) is called the eye point side.
  • the polarization of the image light 50 is linearly polarized in the horizontal direction, linearly polarized in the vertical direction, and left-handed (also called counterclockwise) according to the trajectory of the electric field oscillation when the display is viewed from the eye point side.
  • the display 110 is a device that displays an image.
  • the display device 110 can employ, for example, a display device composed of an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display device composed of a light source and a liquid crystal panel, or the like.
  • the image may be one or more still images, moving images, or the like, or may be a color image composed of three colors, red, green, and blue.
  • the display 110 outputs image light 50 forming an image from a display screen. In the case of a color image, each color may be emitted in a time-division manner, or may be superimposed on each other or space-divided in units of pixels and emitted simultaneously.
  • the diffractive optical element 200 includes multiple elements that process the image light 50 .
  • the diffractive optical element 200 is arranged on the eyepoint side with respect to the display 110, and includes a first GPH element, a first ⁇ /4 plate, a CSF element, and a second ⁇ /4 plate, which are stacked in order from the display side to the eyepoint side.
  • the first and second GPH (geometrical phase hologram) elements are elements made by distributing the light of a polymerizable liquid crystal in a specific pattern. action) to output first-order diffracted light.
  • unpolarized light is incident on the first and second GPH elements, the left-handed circularly polarized light is diffused and output, and the right-handed circularly polarized light is condensed and output. is incident, the luminous flux is diffused and output while the polarization direction is reversed to left-handed circularly polarized light. do.
  • the first and second GPH elements it is possible to compensate for the wavelength dispersion of the refraction angle for the image light 50 and the accompanying chromatic aberration.
  • the first to fourth ⁇ /4 plates are elements that modulate the two polarized components of the image light 50 by giving a phase difference of 1/4 wavelength.
  • the ⁇ /4 plate modulates linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, and circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light.
  • a CSF (wavelength selective polarization conversion) element is an element that rotates the polarization direction by 90 degrees only in a specific wavelength range.
  • the CSF element modulates vertical linearly polarized light into horizontal linearly polarized light, and horizontally linearly polarized light into vertical linearly polarized light.
  • the first polarizing plate is an element (so-called linear polarizing plate) that absorbs one of mutually orthogonal linearly polarized light and transmits the other.
  • the first polarizing plate transmits vertically linearly polarized light and absorbs horizontally linearly polarized light.
  • the configuration of the diffractive optical element 200 described above is an example, and the polarizing plate and the ⁇ /4 plate are stacked in order from the display side to the eye point side, or the display side is stacked in order from the eye point side. It may include a GPH element, a ⁇ /4 plate, a polarizer, and a ⁇ /4 plate.
  • the optical system 300 is a thinned triple-pass type optical system in which the optical path is folded twice by two reflecting surfaces. It has a lens 310 .
  • the optical system 300 diffuses the image light 50 with a lens 310 to enlarge the image.
  • Filter 320 includes a plurality of elements that process image light 50 .
  • the filter 320 is arranged on the eyepoint side with respect to the lens 310.
  • a fifth ⁇ /4 plate (not shown), a reflective polarizing plate 321, and a second polarizing plate are stacked in order from the display side to the eyepoint side. (not shown).
  • the fifth ⁇ /4 plate is an element that modulates the image light 50 that has passed through the lens 310 by giving a phase difference of 1/4 wavelength to its two polarized components.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 321 is an example of a first transmissive/reflective surface that transmits or reflects at least part of the image light 50, and reflects one linearly polarized light out of mutually orthogonal linearly polarized light and reflects the other linearly polarized light. It is a transmissive polarizing element. As an example, the reflective polarizing plate 321 transmits vertically linearly polarized light and reflects horizontally linearly polarized light.
  • the second polarizing plate is an element that absorbs one of mutually orthogonal linearly polarized light and transmits the other.
  • the second polarizing plate transmits vertical linearly polarized light and absorbs horizontal linearly polarized light.
  • the lens 310 is an element that diffuses the image light 50 and enlarges the image.
  • Lens 310 can be, for example, a single biconvex lens designed to have any value of diopter (the reciprocal of the focal length value in meters) within the range of -5 to +2.
  • the lens 310 has a half mirror surface 311, which is an example of a second transmission/reflection surface that transmits or reflects at least part of the image light 50, on one surface on the display side.
  • the half mirror surface 311 is a curved surface, particularly an aspherical surface, in which the amount of change in the curved surface angle continuously increases or decreases according to the distance from the center.
  • FIG. 2A shows an example of the surface shape of the half mirror surface (HM) 311 of the lens 310.
  • the solid line indicates the aspheric shape of the half mirror surface (HM) 311 by the surface position Z with respect to the surface diameter.
  • a dashed line indicates the amount of change ⁇ in the curved surface angle of the half mirror surface (HM) 311 with respect to the surface diameter.
  • the surface position Z deviates as it moves outward from the center, but the variation ⁇ of the curved surface angle tends to decrease as it moves outward from the center. to 0.4 degrees.
  • FIG. 2B shows an example of luminous flux cone angle characteristics after reflection on the half mirror surface (HM) 311 of the lens 310 .
  • the solid line indicates the luminous flux cone angle after being reflected by the half mirror surface (HM) 311 with respect to the reflection position.
  • the width of the luminous flux before reflection was set to 5 mm, and the cone angle was set to infinity (parallel).
  • a dashed line indicates the transition of the amount of change in the luminous flux cone angle after being reflected by the half mirror surface (HM) 311 with respect to the reflection position.
  • the luminous flux cone angle becomes smaller toward the outside from the center of the half mirror surface 311, and the amount of change tends to increase.
  • the amount of change ⁇ in the curved surface angle of the half mirror surface 311 tends to decrease as it moves outward from the center, the amount of change in the cone angle of the light flux after being reflected by the half mirror surface 311 increases as it moves outward from the center. become a trend. Accordingly, by moving the half mirror surface 311 in the optical axis direction and changing the reflection position of the image light 50 on the half mirror surface 311 in the radial direction, it is possible to correct the curvature of field.
  • a lens element that exerts a lens action on the image light 50 by combining optical elements including a plurality of lenses, for example, a biconvex lens and a concave meniscus lens, may be employed.
  • the control device 390 is a device that controls each component of the optical device 100 .
  • the control device 390 may drive the filter 320 in the optical axis L direction by rotating the cover holder 430 of the moving device 410 (to be described later) using a rotary motor, an actuator, or the like (not shown) included in the housing 400 .
  • control device 390 changes the image distortion correction value according to the state of the optical system 300, for example, the diopter of the optical system 300.
  • the control device 390 corrects the distortion by causing the display 110 to display a barrel-shaped distorted image that cancels out the pincushion distortion caused by the optical system 300 .
  • the distortion of the optical system 300 is measured in advance using a camera or the like, and the amount of distortion for generating a barrel-distorted image that cancels the distortion is stored in the controller 390 as a distortion correction value.
  • the distortion is measured for each diopter and the distortion correction value is stored in the controller 390 .
  • the control device 390 inputs a distortion correction value corresponding to the diopter of the optical system 300 to the display 110, and causes the display 110 to display an image with barrel distortion corresponding to the distortion correction value. corrects the distortion of the diopter applied.
  • the moving device 410 is a device that moves the filter 320 (especially the reflective polarizing plate 321) along the optical axis L with respect to the lens 310 (especially the half mirror surface 311). By moving the filter 320 with respect to the lens 310 and changing the folding length of the optical path of the image light 50 therebetween by the moving device 410, the position of the magnified virtual image can be changed.
  • the details of the configuration of mobile device 410 will be described later.
  • the housing 400 accommodates the display 110, the diffractive optical element 200, the optical system 300, and the moving device 410.
  • optical device 100 guides the image light 50 of the display 110 to the user's eye 30.
  • the display 110 generates and outputs non-polarized image light 50 .
  • luminance unevenness can be prevented when the image light 50 is passed through the first GPH for correcting chromatic aberration.
  • the image light 50 output from the display 110 is incident on the diffractive optical element 200 .
  • the image light 50 first enters the first GPH element.
  • one of the ⁇ 1st-order diffracted lights of the non-polarized image light 50 is diffused and output as left-handed circularly polarized light, and the other is condensed and output as right-handed circularly polarized light.
  • the image light 50 then enters the first ⁇ /4 plate.
  • the left-hand circularly polarized image light 50 is modulated into horizontal linearly polarized light
  • the right-handed circularly polarized image light 50 is modulated into vertical linearly polarized light.
  • Image light 50 then enters the CSF.
  • the horizontally linearly polarized image light 50 in the specific wavelength range is modulated into vertically linearly polarized image light 50 and output together with the vertically linearly polarized image light 50 outside the specific wavelength range.
  • the vertically linearly polarized image light 50 in the specific wavelength range is modulated into horizontally linearly polarized light, which is later removed by the first polarizing plate.
  • either the diffused light or the focused light output from the first GPH element is output from the diffractive optical element 200 according to the wavelength range, that is, the optical path is changed according to the wavelength range, thereby reducing chromatic aberration. corrected.
  • the vertically linearly polarized image light 50 output from the CSF will be described.
  • the image light 50 then enters the second ⁇ /4 plate.
  • the vertically linearly polarized image light 50 is modulated into counterclockwise circularly polarized light.
  • the image light 50 then enters the second GPH element.
  • the left-handed circularly polarized image light 50 is modulated into right-handed circularly polarized light while undergoing a condensing effect.
  • the image light 50 then enters the third ⁇ /4 plate.
  • the clockwise circularly polarized image light 50 is modulated into vertically linearly polarized light.
  • the image light 50 then enters the first polarizer.
  • the vertical linearly polarized image light 50 passes through the first polarizing plate, and the horizontal linearly polarized unwanted light is absorbed by the first polarizing plate. Image light 50 then enters the fourth ⁇ /4 plate. As a result, the vertically linearly polarized image light 50 is modulated into counterclockwise circularly polarized light. The image light 50 is thus modulated into counterclockwise circularly polarized light, compensated for chromatic aberration, and output from the diffractive optical element 200 to the eye point side.
  • the image light 50 modulated into vertically linearly polarized light by the first ⁇ /4 plate and the CSF element in the diffractive optical element 200 is used, and the image light 50 is modulated into horizontally linearly polarized light.
  • the image light 50 thus obtained was removed as unnecessary light by the first polarizing plate, but instead of this, it was modulated into horizontal linearly polarized light by the first ⁇ /4 plate and the CSF element in the diffractive optical element 200.
  • the image light 50 may be used, and the image light 50 modulated into vertically linearly polarized light may be removed as unnecessary light by the first polarizing plate.
  • the image light 50 output from the diffractive optical element 200 enters the optical system 300 .
  • image light 50 first enters lens 310 .
  • half the intensity of the image light 50 is transmitted through the half-mirror surface 311, is enlarged by the lens action, and is output to the eye point side, while the other half of the intensity of the image light is output. 50 is reflected by the half mirror surface 311 .
  • the image light 50 then enters the filter 320 .
  • image light 50 first enters the fifth ⁇ /4 plate.
  • the counterclockwise circularly polarized image light 50 is modulated into horizontally linearly polarized light.
  • Image light 50 then enters a reflective polarizer.
  • the horizontally linearly polarized image light 50 is reflected.
  • the image light 50 again enters the fifth ⁇ /4 plate.
  • the horizontally linearly polarized image light 50 is modulated into clockwise circularly polarized light.
  • the image light 50 is thus reflected by the filter 320 and output to the display side.
  • the image light 50 enters the lens 310 from the eyepoint side.
  • the half intensity image light 50 is enlarged by the lens action and reflected by the half mirror surface 311 to be output to the eye point side, and the remaining half intensity image light 50 is output to the eye point side. passes through the half mirror surface 311 .
  • the image light 50 enters the filter 320 again.
  • image light 50 first enters the fifth ⁇ /4 plate.
  • the clockwise circularly polarized image light 50 is modulated into vertically linearly polarized light.
  • Image light 50 then enters a reflective polarizer.
  • the vertically linearly polarized image light 50 passes through the reflective polarizing plate.
  • the image light 50 then enters the second polarizer.
  • the vertical linearly polarized image light 50 is transmitted through the second polarizing plate, and the horizontal linearly polarized unwanted light is absorbed by the second polarizing plate.
  • the diffused image light 50 is output from the filter 320 to the eyepoint side.
  • the image light 50 passes through the lens 310 once in the optical system 300, is reflected by the filter 320, travels back and forth through the lens 310, is further subjected to the lens action of the lens 310 and is enlarged, and the eye point output to the side and directed to the user's eye 30 .
  • the moving device 410 includes a first holder 440 , a second holder 420 , a cover holder 430 and a seal ring 439 .
  • the right side of the drawing is the display unit side, and the left side of the drawing is the eyepoint side.
  • the central axis of the moving device 410 overlaps the optical axis L of the optical system 300 .
  • the first holder 440 is a fixing member that holds the display 110 , the diffractive optical element 200 and the lens 310 of the optical system 300 .
  • the first holder 440 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a bottom surface 442, and has a stepped portion 441 on the eye point side of the inner surface, a flange 443 that protrudes outward from the end of the outer surface on the display side, and the outer surface of the flange 443.
  • a rectangular opening 444 is formed in the center of the convex portion 446 and the bottom surface 442, and two guides 445 extending parallel to the optical axis L are formed on the outer surface. Note that the number of guides 445 is not limited to two, and one or three or more may be formed.
  • the display 110 is fixed on the end face of the first holder 440 on the display side so that its display screen is positioned within the opening 444 .
  • the diffractive optical element 200 is fixed within the first holder 440 so as to be supported on the bottom surface 442 .
  • the lens 310 is fixed to the eyepoint side end of the first holder 440 so that the edge of the lens 310 is supported on the stepped portion 441 .
  • the display 110, the diffractive optical element 200, and the lens 310 are held by the first holder 440 while maintaining their relative positional relationship in the optical axis L direction.
  • the second holder 420 is a movable member that holds the filter 320 of the optical system 300 and is drivably supported with respect to the first holder 440 .
  • the second holder 420 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the first holder 440, and has a support surface 421 projecting inward from the eyepoint side of the inner surface.
  • the filter 320 is supported by the support surface 421 and its central portion is positioned within the eyepoint side opening of the second holder 420 .
  • the second holder 420 has three cam pins 428 formed on its outer surface so as to be spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, and a guide groove 425 extending parallel to the optical axis L formed on its inner surface. are formed in the support surface 421 .
  • the cover holder 430 is a movable member that holds the cover 433 and rotates with respect to the first holder 440 .
  • the cover holder 430 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the second holder 420, and a stepped portion 431 is formed by protruding inwardly on the eye point side of the inner surface.
  • a translucent cover 433 is inserted into the cover holder 430 from the opening on the eyepoint side and supported on the stepped portion 431 .
  • the cover holder 430 has three cam grooves 432 extending in the direction of the optical axis L from the end on the display unit side and spirally extending in different directions, and are formed on the inner surface of the cover holder 430 so as to be spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the cover holder 430 is formed with two grooves 436 and 437 circulating on the display device side of the inner surface.
  • the seal ring 439 is a ring-shaped member made of an elastic member such as rubber.
  • a seal ring 439 is fitted into the groove 436 of the cover holder 430 to seal the inside of the moving device 410 .
  • the moving device 410 is assembled as follows. First, while inserting the guide 445 on the outer surface of the first holder 440 into the guide groove 425 on the inner surface of the second holder 420 , the end of the first holder 440 holding the lens 310 on the eye point side is pushed into the second holder 420 . into the display through the opening on the side of the display. A seal ring 439 is then fitted into the groove 436 of the cover holder 430 .
  • the three cam pins 428 on the outer surface of the second holder 420 are inserted into the three cam grooves 432 on the inner surface of the cover holder 430, and the eyepoint side end of the second holder 420 holding the filter 320 is
  • the cover holder 430 is inserted through the opening on the display side, and the projection 446 of the first holder 440 is fitted into the groove 437 of the cover holder.
  • the cover holder 430 is supported to rotate with respect to the first holder 440, and the moving device 410 is defined by the cover holder 430 holding the cover 433 and the first holder 440 holding the lens 310 and the like.
  • a second holder 420 holding a filter 320 is accommodated in the internal space of the optical axis L so as to be drivable (see the arrow in FIG. 3C).
  • FIG. 4 shows the internal configuration of the moving device 410 centering on the hole 429 provided in the second holder 420 .
  • a seal ring 439 is sandwiched between the inner surface of the cover holder 430 and the outer surface of the first holder 440 to seal the internal space of the moving device 410 .
  • the space between the cover 433 and the filter 320 and the space between the filter 320 and the lens 310 are connected to each other by the hole 429 formed in the second holder 420, and as the filter 320 moves, the space from one space to the other is connected. Air moves in the space of (see arrow).
  • FIG. 5A, 5B, and 5C show the principle of filter movement by the movement device 410.
  • FIG. In the moving device 410 configured as described above, when the cover holder 430 is rotated with respect to the first holder 440 , the inside of the cam groove 432 provided on the inner surface of the cover holder 430 is formed on the outer surface of the second holder 420 . The cam pin 428 is guided and the guide 445 of the first holder 440 is guided in the guide groove 425 of the second holder, whereby the second holder 420 is moved between the cover holder 430 and the first holder 440 in the direction of the optical axis L. driven.
  • the moving device 410 maintains the relative positional relationship between the display 110, the diffractive optical element 200, and the lens 310 (half mirror surface 311), and moves the filter 320 (reflective polarizing plate 321) relative to them. to move.
  • a cover 433, a cover holder 430 holding it, a display 110, a diffractive optical element 200, a lens 310, a first holder 440 holding them, and a seal ring provided between the cover holder 430 and the first holder 440 439 keeps the inside of the moving device 410 airtight, and the air inside the space between the cover 433 and the filter 320 and the space between the filter 320 and the lens 310 is released through the hole 429 of the second holder 420 . can drive the filter 320 in an airtight space.
  • the hole 429 is not limited to the support surface 421 but the second holder 420 as long as the internal air can be moved between the space between the cover 433 and the filter 320 and the space between the filter 320 and the lens 310 .
  • holes may be formed in the edges of the filter 320 . Further, between the cover holder 430 and the second holder 420, and further between the second holder 420 and the first holder 440, a gap that allows air to move may be provided.
  • the filter 320 (reflective polarizing plate 321) is moved along the optical axis L with respect to the lens 310 (half mirror surface 311) by the moving device 410, and the reflective polarizing plate By changing the distance between 321 and the half mirror surface 311, it is possible to adjust the curvature of field and stay within the depth of focus for each diopter.
  • the diopter of the optical system 300 is uniquely set, the filter 320 (reflective polarizing plate 321) is moved along the optical axis L with respect to the lens 310 (half mirror surface 311), and the reflective type FIG. 10 shows changes in the trajectory of rays and curvature of field when the distance a between the polarizing plate 321 and the half mirror surface 311 (referred to as the spatial distance or air distance) is changed.
  • the ray back-tracing simulation a ray is drawn from the position of the virtual image toward the eye box, the ray is retroreflected by the eye box, and the trajectory of the ray heading for the display 110 is traced. Curvature was analyzed.
  • the diopter of the optical system 300 is -3.
  • Each figure shows a ray reflected horizontally from the eyebox to the display side and reaching the center of the display screen of the display 110 (referred to as central ray 51) and a ray reflected obliquely upward from the eyebox to the display side.
  • Light rays reaching the top of display 110 (referred to as ambient light 52) are shown.
  • FIG. 6A shows the trajectory of light rays and the curvature of field on the display screen of the display 110 when the air distance a is 1.65 mm.
  • the curvature of field is shown at the position in the direction of the optical axis L where rays are most converged.
  • the solid line indicates the curvature of field on the tangential plane
  • the dashed line indicates the curvature of field on the sagittal plane.
  • the hatched area represents the focal diopter range of the optical system 300, and the curvature of field must fall within this range.
  • Central light 51 horizontally reflected from the eyebox toward the display device passes through the filter 320, enters the lens 310, is reflected at the center of the half mirror surface 311, is condensed, passes through the eyepoint side, and enters the filter 320. is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 321 , transmitted through the lens 310 , further condensed, and reaches the center of the display 110 via the diffractive optical element 200 .
  • Ambient light 52 reflected obliquely upward from the eyebox to the display side passes through the filter 320, enters the lens 310, is reflected on the upper side of the half mirror surface 311, is condensed, and is transmitted obliquely downward to the eyepoint side.
  • the image plane tends to image at the eyepoint side at the periphery to the center of the display 110, somewhat beyond the range of depth of focus.
  • FIG. 6B shows the trajectory of light rays and the curvature of field on the display screen of the display 110 when the air distance a is 1.75 mm.
  • Ambient light 52 reflected obliquely upward from the eyebox to the display side passes through the filter 320, enters the lens 310, is reflected further above the half mirror surface 311, is condensed, and is transmitted obliquely downward to the eyepoint side.
  • the light is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 321 in the filter 320 , transmitted through the lens 310 , further condensed, and reaches the upper side of the display 110 via the diffractive optical element 200 .
  • Field curvature is small and is within the depth of focus.
  • FIG. 6C shows the trajectory of light rays and the curvature of field on the display screen of the display 110 when the air distance a is 1.95 mm.
  • Ambient light 52 reflected obliquely upward from the eyebox to the display side passes through the filter 320, enters the lens 310, is reflected further above the half mirror surface 311, is condensed, and is transmitted obliquely downward to the eyepoint side.
  • the light is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 321 in the filter 320 , transmitted through the lens 310 , further condensed, and reaches the upper side of the display 110 via the diffractive optical element 200 .
  • the image plane tends to image on the display side at the periphery relative to the center of the display 110, somewhat beyond the range of depth of focus.
  • FIG. 7A shows the definition of the ray section in the optical device 100.
  • the ray section 1 is the section from the eyebox to the output surface of the filter 320
  • 2 is the section from the input surface of the filter 320 to the output surface of the lens 310
  • 3 is the output surface of the lens 310 to the lens 310.
  • a section 9 up to the exit surface of the diffractive optical element 200 indicates a section from the entrance surface of the diffractive optical element 200 to the exit surface of the display 110 .
  • the ray section is defined for the peripheral light 52 in FIG. 7A, the central light 51 is similarly defined.
  • FIG. 7B shows the cone angles of the central light 51 and the peripheral light 52 in each of the ray sections 1-9 in the optical device 100 defined in FIG. 7A.
  • the behavior of the cone angle of ambient light 52 is the same as that of central light 51 . However, after section 4 where the ambient light 52 enters the lens 310, the cone angle of the ambient light 52 varies depending on the air distance.
  • the peripheral light 52 enters the upper side of the half mirror surface 311, the cone angle becomes smaller, and the peripheral light 52 is focused farther.
  • the ambient light 52 enters the lower side of the half mirror surface 311, the cone angle is increased, and the ambient light 52 is condensed closer.
  • FIG. 8 shows changes in curvature of field with respect to the air distance for each of diopters -5, -3, -1 and +2.
  • Field curvature decreases with increasing air distance, exhibits a minimum at some air distance, and exhibits increasing behavior as air distance increases further.
  • the optical system 300 is designed by selecting a diopter roughly according to the user's diopter, and by moving the optical system 300 with respect to the filter 320, the field curvature is minimized by more precisely matching the diopter. It can be seen that it can be
  • FIG. 9 shows the shift (solid line) between the display surface position and the light emitting surface position of the display with respect to the air distance for each of diopters -5 and -3, superimposed on the curvature of field (wavy line) described above.
  • the position of the display surface (that is, the center of the display) is obtained by drawing a ray from the position of the virtual image toward the eyebox and retroreflecting it from the eyebox to trace the trajectory of the ray toward the display 110 by back-tracing simulation.
  • the position of the light emitting surface of the display is the position of the display screen (that is, the light emitting surface) of the display 110.
  • the air distance (1.
  • the position of the display surface was selected when the light rays were reversed from the position of the virtual image.
  • the display surface position was calculated with respect to the air distance.
  • the deviation between the display surface position and the light emitting surface position of the display is 0.20 mm at the air distance (1.74 mm) at which the curvature of field is minimized.
  • Image blurring that is, reduction in resolution
  • the field curvature is 0.25 mm at the air distance (1.44 mm) where the displacement is zero (that is, no image blur occurs at the center of the display).
  • the deviation between the display surface position and the light emitting surface position of the display is 0.43 mm at the air distance (1.57 mm) at which the curvature of field is minimized.
  • the image blur increases further. Note that, at an air distance (1 mm or less) where the displacement is zero (that is, no image blur occurs), the curvature of field is 0.35 mm or more.
  • the image blur occurs due to the change in the relative distance between the lens 310 and the display 110. It is difficult to minimize field curvature while suppressing image blur. Therefore, by maintaining the relative positions of the display 110 and the lens 310 and moving the filter 320 with respect to them to change the air distance, it can be seen that the field curvature can be minimized while suppressing the image blur.
  • the optical device 100 includes a display 110 that outputs image light 50 that forms an image, and an optical system 300 that enlarges the image.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 321 transmits or reflects at least part of the image light 50
  • the half mirror surface Reference numeral 311 denotes an aspherical curved surface whose curved surface angle continuously increases or decreases depending on the distance from the center, and transmits or reflects at least part of the image light 50.
  • a moving device 410 is provided for moving the filter 320 (reflective polarizing plate 321) along the optical axis L with respect to the (half mirror surface 311). As a result, the optical path is folded twice between the filter 320 and the lens 310 of the optical system 300, and the image is magnified by the lens 310 (half mirror surface 311). can be adjusted.
  • optical system 300 and the moving device 410 in the optical device 100 are examples of a diopter optical system and a diopter adjustment mechanism that adjust the position of the enlarged virtual image according to the user's eyesight. Equipped with these, it is compact, lightweight, and has high optical performance in the diopter adjustment range.
  • the display device 110, the diffractive optical element 200, and the lens 310 (half mirror surface 311) are fixed while maintaining the relative positional relationship, and the moving device 410 moves the
  • the configuration in which the filter 320 (reflective polarizing plate 321) is relatively moved is adopted, instead of this, a moving device is used to move the display 110, the diffractive optical element 200, and the lens 310 (half mirror surface 311) relative to each other.
  • a configuration may be adopted in which the filter 320 (reflective polarizing plate 321) is moved relative to the filter 320 while maintaining the positional relationship.
  • a holder that fixes the filter 320 to one surface of the housing on the eyepoint side and holds the display 110, the diffractive optical element 200, and the lens 310 (half mirror surface 311) in an internal airtight space. may be drivably accommodated.
  • a hole may be provided in the holder, or a groove may be provided on the outer surface so that the air in the airtight space moves from one side of the holder to the other side as the holder moves.
  • the seal inside the housing is maintained, and it is possible to prevent foreign matter such as dust from entering from the outside.
  • the optimum air distance at which the curvature of field is minimized is 1.74 mm, which means that the lens 310 is moved by 0.16 mm from the optimum air distance of 1.9 mm for diopter-1. Since the shift between the display surface position and the light emitting surface position of the display is 0.20 mm, the lens 310 and the display 110 move while maintaining the relative positional relationship, and then move closer to each other by 0.04 mm to achieve the optimum state. becomes. Similarly, for diopter-5, the optimum air distance at which the field curvature is minimized is 1.57 mm, and the lens 310 is moved by 0.33 mm from the optimum air distance of 1.9 mm for diopter-1.
  • the lens 310 and the display 110 are moved while maintaining the relative positional relationship, and then they are further shifted by 0.1 mm. The closer you get, the better. Therefore, in the optical device 100 according to the present embodiment, the relative positional relationship between the display 110 and the lens 310 is maintained, and the filter 320 is driven with respect to them.
  • a configuration may be employed to drive filter 320 with respect to them while changing the relationship.
  • the moving device 410d includes a first holder 440, a second holder 420, a cover holder 430, a third holder 460, a cover holder 450, and seal rings 439,459.
  • the right side of the drawing is the display unit side, and the left side of the drawing is the eyepoint side.
  • the central axis of the moving device 410 d overlaps the optical axis L of the optical system 300 .
  • the first holder 440 is a fixing member that holds the diffractive optical element 200 and the lens 310 of the optical system 300 .
  • the first holder 440 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a bottom surface 442 , a stepped portion 441 on the eyepoint side of the inner surface, a flange 443 projecting outward from the end of the outer surface on the display side and extending toward the display side, and a flange 443 .
  • the diffractive optical element 200 is fixed inside the first holder 440 so as to be supported on the bottom surface 442 .
  • the lens 310 is fixed to the eyepoint side end of the first holder 440 so that the edge of the lens 310 is supported on the stepped portion 441 .
  • the diffractive optical element 200 and the lens 310 are held by the first holder 440 while maintaining their relative positional relationship in the optical axis L direction.
  • the second holder 420 is a movable member that holds the filter 320 of the optical system 300 and is drivably supported with respect to the first holder 440 .
  • the second holder 420 is configured similarly to that previously described.
  • the cover holder 430 is a movable member that holds the cover 433 and rotates with respect to the first holder 440 .
  • the cover holder 430 is constructed similarly to that previously described.
  • the third holder 460 is a fixing member that holds the display 110 .
  • the third holder 460 is formed in a disk shape including a concave portion with inclined side surfaces on the display side, and a rectangular opening 464 is formed in the center of the bottom surface of the concave portion.
  • the display 110 is fixed on the bottom surface of the recess of the third holder 460 so that the display screen is positioned within the opening 464 .
  • three cam pins 468 are formed on the outer surface of the third holder 460 so as to be spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • a hole 469 is formed on the inner surface and connects the eyepoint side of the third holder 460 and the display device side.
  • the cover holder 450 is a movable member that holds the cover 453 and rotates with respect to the first holder 440 .
  • the cover holder 430 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the third holder 460, and a stepped portion 451 is formed at the end on the display side.
  • a cover 453 is fitted into the cover holder 450 from the display unit side and supported on the stepped portion 451 .
  • the cover holder 450 has three cam grooves 452 extending in the direction of the optical axis L from the end on the display unit side and spirally extending in different directions, and are formed on the inner surface of the cover holder 450 so as to be spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the cover holder 450 is formed with two grooves 456 and 457 that extend along the display device side of the inner surface.
  • the seal rings 439 and 459 are ring-shaped members made of an elastic member such as rubber.
  • the seal rings 439, 459 are fitted into the grooves 436, 456 of the cover holders 430, 450 to seal the inside of the moving device 410d.
  • the moving device 410d is assembled as follows. First, while inserting the guide 445 on the outer surface of the first holder 440 into the guide groove 425 on the inner surface of the second holder 420 , the end of the first holder 440 holding the lens 310 on the eye point side is pushed into the second holder 420 . into the display through the opening on the side of the display. A seal ring 439 is then fitted into the groove 436 of the cover holder 430 .
  • the three cam pins 428 on the outer surface of the second holder 420 are inserted into the three cam grooves 432 on the inner surface of the cover holder 430, and the eyepoint side end of the second holder 420 holding the filter 320 is
  • the cover holder 430 is inserted through the opening on the display side, and the projection 446 of the first holder 440 is fitted into the groove 437 of the cover holder 430 .
  • the end of the third holder 440 holding the display device 110 on the eyepoint side is moved to the first Insert into flange 443 of holder 440 .
  • the three cam pins 468 on the outer surface of the third holder 460 are inserted into the three cam grooves 452 on the inner surface of the cover holder 450, respectively, and the end of the third holder 460 holding the display 110 on the display side is pushed.
  • the eye-point side opening of the cover holder 450 , and the projection 447 of the first holder 440 is fitted into the groove 457 of the cover holder 450 .
  • the cover holder 430 and the cover holder 450 are supported so as to rotate with respect to the first holder 440, and the cover holder 430 holding the cover 433, the cover holder 450 holding the cover 453, and the lens 310 are held.
  • a second holder 420 holding the filter 320 and a third holder 460 holding the display 110 can be driven in the direction of the optical axis L (Fig. 10C (see arrow in ).
  • FIG. 11 shows the internal configuration of the moving device 410d centering on the hole 429 provided in the second holder 420 and the hole 469 provided in the third holder 460.
  • a seal ring 439 is sandwiched between the inner surface of the cover holder 430 and the outer surface of the first holder 440, and a seal ring 459 is sandwiched between the inner surface of the cover holder 450 and the outer surface of the first holder 440.
  • the interior space of 410d is sealed.
  • the space between the cover 433 and the filter 320 and the space between the filter 320 and the lens 310 are connected to each other by the hole 429 formed in the second holder 420, and as the filter 320 moves, the space from one space to the other is connected.
  • the hole 469 formed in the third holder 460 causes the space between the cover 453 and the display 110 and the space between the display 110 and the first holder 440 to Air moves from one space to the other as the display 110 moves (see arrows).
  • 12A, 12B, and 12C show the principle of filter movement and display movement by the movement device 410d.
  • the principle of filter movement is the same as that of the moving device 410.
  • the moving device 410d configured as described above, when the cover holder 430 is rotated with respect to the first holder 440, the inner surface of the cover holder 430 A cam pin 428 formed on the outer surface of the second holder 420 is guided in the cam groove 432 provided, and a guide 445 of the first holder 440 is guided in the guide groove 425 of the second holder. is driven in the optical axis L direction between the cover holder 430 and the first holder 440 .
  • the cam pin 468 formed on the outer surface of the third holder 460 is guided in the cam groove 452 provided on the inner surface of the cover holder 450,
  • the guide of the first holder 440 is guided in the guide groove 465 of the third holder 460 so that the third holder 460 is driven in the optical axis L direction between the cover holder 450 and the first holder 440 .
  • the cam pin 468 formed on the outer surface of the third holder 460 is guided in the cam groove 452 provided on the inner surface of the cover holder 450, and the guide groove of the third holder
  • the guide 445 of the first holder 440 is guided in the inside 465, and the third holder 460 is extended to the display device side.
  • the display 110 is separated from the lens 310 .
  • internal air moves from the space between the cover 453 and the indicator 110 to the space between the indicator 110 and the first holder 440 through the hole 469 of the third holder 460 (leftward in FIG. 11). arrow). Therefore, the seal inside the moving device 410d is maintained, and it is possible to prevent foreign matter such as dust from entering from the outside.
  • the filter 320 and the indicator 110 can be independently moved with respect to the lens 310 . Further, by synchronously rotating the cover holder 430 and the cover holder 450 with respect to the first holder 440, the filter 320 and the indicator 110 can be moved with respect to the lens 310 while maintaining their relative positions. can. Furthermore, by synchronously rotating the cover holder 430 and the cover holder 450, the combination of the distance between the filter 320 and the lens 310 and the distance between the lens 310 and the display 110 is always automatically optimized for each diopter. , the amount of movement of the filter 320 and the indicator 110 with respect to the rotation of the cover holder 430 and the cover holder 450 may be set on the filter 320 side and the indicator 110 side, respectively.
  • the moving device 410d relatively moves the filter 320 (reflective polarizing plate 321) and the display 110 with respect to the lens 310 (half mirror surface 311).
  • a seal ring 459 provided between the cover holder 450 and the first holder 440 keeps the interior of the moving device 410 d airtight, and the space between the cover 433 and the filter 320 is separated through the hole 429 of the second holder 420 .
  • the air inside moves between the space between the filter 320 and the lens 310, and the space between the cover 453 and the indicator 110 and the indicator 110 and the third holder 460 move through the hole 469 of the third holder 460.
  • the movement of internal air to and from the space between the 1 holders 440 allows the filter 320 to be driven within the airtight space.
  • the optical device 100 expands the image light 50 of the display device 110 and guides it to the user's one eye 30 to adjust the position of the enlarged virtual image.
  • the optical device 100 includes the diffractive optical element 200 and the optical system 300 only for one eye 30 of the left eye and the right eye.
  • a binocular optical device may be configured by providing the optical device 100 having such a configuration, that is, the diffractive optical element 200 and the optical system 300 for each of the eyes 30 .
  • the optical device 100 employs immersive virtual reality (VR) technology to expand the image light 50 of the display 110 and guide it to the user's eye 30.
  • AR immersive virtual reality
  • AR AR

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