WO2022172960A1 - 成熟化剤 - Google Patents
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- WO2022172960A1 WO2022172960A1 PCT/JP2022/005137 JP2022005137W WO2022172960A1 WO 2022172960 A1 WO2022172960 A1 WO 2022172960A1 JP 2022005137 W JP2022005137 W JP 2022005137W WO 2022172960 A1 WO2022172960 A1 WO 2022172960A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an insulin-producing cell population from pluripotent stem cells. More specifically, a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation is treated with tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Various techniques have been developed and reported so far to induce the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin-producing cell populations.
- insulin-producing cell populations obtained by induction of differentiation contain various cells other than target cells such as insulin-producing cells.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel method for inducing the differentiation of insulin-producing cell populations from pluripotent stem cells.
- the present inventors have found that an insulin-producing cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells is subjected to extended culture using a basal medium to obtain the cell population. It was found that even non-target cells (proliferating non-endocrine cells) remaining slightly inside can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the present inventors found that in the process of inducing an insulin-producing cell population from pluripotent stem cells, the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and/or the cell population at a later stage of differentiation have tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or By culturing in a medium containing a compound having depolymerization inhibitory activity (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "microtubule inhibitor"), the non-target cells present in the resulting insulin-producing cell population can be reduced.
- a compound having depolymerization inhibitory activity hereinafter sometimes referred to as "microtubule inhibitor”
- a method for producing an insulin-producing cell population comprising: A method comprising culturing a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation in a medium containing a compound having tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity. .
- a method for producing an insulin-producing cell population comprising: A method comprising culturing a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation in a medium containing a compound having tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity. .
- the compound having tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity is a compound selected from taxoid anticancer agents or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.
- the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population to be treated and/or the cell population at a later stage of differentiation is produced by inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells of [1] to [5].
- Culture medium [9] The culture medium of [7] or [8], wherein the compound having tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity is docetaxel or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- a method for detecting non-endocrine cells in an insulin-producing cell population comprising culturing the insulin-producing cell population in a medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF).
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- the method of [11], wherein the non-endocrine cells are CHGA-negative and PDX1-positive cells and/or CHGA-negative and PDX1-negative cells.
- a method of removing non-endocrine cells comprising: A method comprising culturing a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation in a medium containing a compound having tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity. .
- a culture medium for an insulin-producing cell population containing a growth factor which is used for detecting non-endocrine cells in the insulin-producing cell population.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- a culture medium for an insulin-producing cell population containing EGF which is used to detect non-endocrine cells in the insulin-producing cell population.
- a novel method for inducing the differentiation of insulin-producing cell populations from pluripotent stem cells can be provided.
- an insulin-producing cell population with reduced contamination by unintended cells can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of analysis by flow cytometry of the expression of marker proteins (PDX1 and CHGA) in an insulin-producing cell population that has undergone extended culture in a basal medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF).
- FIG. 2 shows that insulin-producing cell populations obtained by treatment with Cisplatin or Docetaxel were subjected to extended culture in a basal medium containing EGF, and then expression of marker proteins (PDX1 and CHGA) in each cell population was examined by flow cytometry. Analyzed results and photographs of each cell population after extended culture are shown.
- a control cell population was an insulin-producing cell population obtained without using either Cisplatin or Docetaxel, and similarly extended culture.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of analysis by flow cytometry of the expression of marker proteins (PDX1 and CHGA) in an insulin-producing cell population that has undergone extended culture in a basal medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF).
- FIG. 2 shows that insulin-producing cell populations obtained by treatment with Cisplatin
- FIG. 3 shows that insulin-producing cell populations obtained by treatment with Cisplatin or Docetaxel were subjected to extended culture in a basal medium containing EGF, and then the expression of marker proteins (PDX1 and Ki67) in each cell population was examined by flow cytometry. Analyzed results are shown.
- a control cell population was an insulin-producing cell population obtained without using either Cisplatin or Docetaxel, and similarly extended culture.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of flow cytometry analysis of the expression of marker proteins (INS and NKX6.1, and CHGA and Ki67) in insulin-producing cell populations obtained by treatment with Docetaxel.
- the control cell population is an insulin-producing cell population obtained without Docetaxel.
- FIG. 5 shows the expression of marker proteins (NKX6.1, C-peptide (insulin), PDX1, CHGA) in the cell population obtained 7 days after the start of (A) step 6) analyzed by flow cytometry.
- B the insulin-producing cell population obtained by treatment with Docetaxel at step 6) from day 4 to 7 days after initiation or from step 6) from day 7 to 4 days after initiation, After extended culture in a medium, the results of analyzing the expression of marker proteins (PDX1 and CHGA) in each cell population by flow cytometry are shown.
- the control cell population was an insulin-producing cell population obtained without using Docetaxel and similarly subjected to extended culture.
- FIG. 6 shows insulin-deficient insulin-producing cell populations treated with Docetaxel (Docetaxel(+)) or insulin-producing cell populations prepared without the addition of Docetaxel (Docetaxel(-)) subcutaneously transplanted.
- “about” or “approximately” means plus or minus 25%, 20%, 10%, 8%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, respectively, relative to a reference value. or values that fluctuate up to 1%.
- the terms “about” or “approximately” denote a range plus or minus 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1%, respectively, relative to the reference value.
- not using feeder cells basically means not containing feeder cells and not using a medium preconditioned by culturing feeder cells. Therefore, the medium does not contain substances such as growth factors and cytokines secreted from feeder cells.
- Feeder cells refer to cells that are co-cultured with other types of cells, support the cells, and provide an environment in which they can grow. Feeder cells may be from the same or a different species than the cells they support. For example, human dermal fibroblasts or human embryonic stem cells may be used as feeders for human cells, primary cultures of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts may be used. . Feeder cells can be inactivated such as by irradiation or mitomycin C treatment.
- adheresion refers to the attachment of cells to a container, e.g., the attachment of cells to a sterile plastic (or coated plastic) cell culture dish or flask in the presence of an appropriate medium. It means that Some cells cannot be maintained or grow in culture unless they are attached to a cell culture vessel. In contrast, non-adherent cells can be maintained and grown in culture without adhering to vessels.
- culturing refers to maintaining, growing, and/or differentiating cells in an in vitro environment. By “culturing” is meant sustaining, growing, and/or differentiating cells in a tissue or in vitro, eg, in a cell culture dish or flask. Culture includes two-dimensional culture (flat culture) and three-dimensional culture (suspension culture).
- a composition such as a cell population
- a composition can be enriched for a target cell type and thus the percentage of the target cell type compared to the percentage of target cells present within the cell population prior to enrichment.
- Cell populations can also be enriched for target cell types by cell selection and sorting methods known in the art. Cell populations can also be enriched by certain sorting or selection processes described herein.
- the method of enriching the target cell population results in the cell population enriching at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% with respect to the target cell population. , 90%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99% enriched.
- deplete and “depletion” refer to reducing the amount of a particular component in a composition, such as a composition of cells.
- “depleted” when used to describe the composition of cells, e.g., a cell population is the proportion of a particular constituent in the cell population before the amount of such constituent is depleted refers to a cell population that is reduced compared to For example, a composition such as a cell population can be depleted for a target cell type such that the percentage of the target cell type is reduced compared to the percentage of target cells present within the cell population prior to depletion. .
- Cell populations can also be depleted for target cell types by cell selection and sorting methods known in the art.
- Cell populations can also be depleted by certain sorting or selection processes described herein.
- the method of depleting a target cell population reduces the cell population by at least 50%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99% with respect to the target cell population. (depleted).
- purify and purification refer to removing impurities in a composition, such as that of cells, to make it pure with respect to a particular component.
- Purified when used to describe the composition of a cell, e.g., a cell population, refers to the amount of impurities such constituents in the cell population prior to being purified. Refers to a cell population that has decreased relative to the proportion of , and increased purity of certain constituents.
- a composition such as a cell population can be purified with respect to a target cell type, thus increasing the percentage of target cell type as compared to the percentage of target cells present within the cell population prior to purification.
- Cell populations can also be purified for target cell types by cell selection and sorting methods known in the art. Cell populations can also be purified by certain sorting or selection processes described herein. In certain embodiments of the invention, the method of purifying the target cell population reduces the purity of the target cell population to at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99%. or impurities (including contaminating cells) can be undetectable.
- marker means a cell antigen or its gene that is specifically expressed by a given cell type, such as “marker protein” and “marker gene”.
- the marker is a cell surface marker, in which case enrichment, isolation and/or detection of viable cells can be performed.
- a marker can be a positively selectable marker or a negatively selectable marker.
- Marker proteins can be detected using immunological assays using antibodies specific to the marker proteins, such as ELISA, immunostaining, and flow cytometry. Marker genes can be detected using nucleic acid amplification methods and/or nucleic acid detection methods known in the art, such as RT-PCR, microarrays, biochips, and the like.
- the marker protein being “positive” means that it is detected as positive by flow cytometry, and “negative” means that it is below the detection limit by flow cytometry.
- the marker gene being “positive” means that it is detected by RT-PCR, and “negative” means that it is below the detection limit of RT-PCR.
- expression is defined as the transcription and/or translation of a specific nucleotide sequence driven by a promoter within a cell.
- factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity means any substance having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity.
- CDK8 is not required for cell proliferation and inhibition of CDK8 has no significant effect under normal conditions.
- CDK19 and CDK8 are similar and inhibition of CDK8 is usually accompanied by inhibition of CDK19.
- factors having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity include diethyl (E)-(4-(3-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) acrylamido)benzyl)phosphonate, 2-(4-(4-(isoquinolin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide, 4-((2-(6-( 4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)amino)quinazoline-6-carbonitrile, 4-(4-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6- yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol, 3-(2-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-ylthio)ethyl)-4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phosphon
- Factors having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity are not limited to the above compounds, and antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA against CDK8/19 mRNA, antibodies that bind to CDK8/19, dominant-negative CDK8/19 mutants, etc. It can be used as a CDK8/19 inhibitor. Factors having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity or CDK8/19 inhibitors can be commercially available or synthesized according to known methods.
- a “growth factor” is an endogenous protein that promotes differentiation and/or proliferation of specific cells.
- “Growth factors” include, for example, epidermal growth factor (EGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF- ⁇ ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transferrin, various interleukins (eg IL-1 to IL-18), various colony stimulating factors (eg granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)), Various interferons, such as IFN- ⁇ , and other cytokines that have effects on stem cells, such as stem cell factor (SCF) and erythropoietin (EGF)
- ROCK inhibitor means a substance that inhibits Rho kinase (ROCK: Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase), and is a substance that inhibits either ROCK I or ROCK II.
- the ROCK inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it has the above functions.
- a “GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor” is a substance having inhibitory activity against GSK3 ⁇ (glycogen synthase kinase 3 ⁇ ).
- GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) is a kind of serine/threonine protein kinase, and participates in many signal pathways involved in glycogen production, apoptosis, maintenance of stem cells, and the like. GSK3 exists in two isoforms, ⁇ and ⁇ .
- the "GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor” used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has GSK3 ⁇ inhibitory activity, and may be a substance having both GSK3 ⁇ inhibitory activity and GSK3 ⁇ inhibitory activity.
- GSK3 ⁇ inhibitors include CHIR98014 (2-[[2-[(5-nitro-6-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]amino]-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1H -imidazol-1-yl)pyrimidine), CHIR99021 (6-[[2-[[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-pyrimidinyl] amino]ethyl]amino]nicotinonitrile), TDZD-8 (4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione), SB216763 (3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl )-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione), TWS-119 (3-[6-(3-aminophenyl)-7H
- GSK3 ⁇ inhibitors are not limited to these, and antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA against GSK3 ⁇ mRNA, antibodies that bind to GSK3 ⁇ , dominant-negative GSK3 ⁇ mutants, and the like can also be used as GSK3 ⁇ inhibitors.
- GSK3 ⁇ inhibitors are commercially available or can be synthesized according to known methods.
- FGFR1 inhibitor is a substance that has inhibitory activity against at least fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1.
- FGFR1 is a member of the family of four transmembrane tyrosine kinases (FGFR1, 2, 3, 4) as a receptor with high affinity for the growth factors FGF1-FGF17.
- FGFR1 inhibitor should have at least FGFR1 inhibitory activity, and may have inhibitory activity against other FGFRs.
- the term "FGFR1 inhibitor” may be an FGFR2 inhibitor, an FGFR3 inhibitor, an FGFR4 inhibitor, etc., as long as they have FGFR1 inhibitory activity.
- the FGFR1 inhibitor is PD-166866 (1-[2-amino-6-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl]-3 -tert-butyl urea: CAS No.: 192705-79-6), E-3810 (CAS No.: 1058137-23-7), PD-173074 (CAS No.: 219580-11-7), FGFR4-IN- 1 (CAS No.: 1708971-72-5), FGFR-IN-1 (CAS No.: 1448169-71-8), FIIN-2 (CAS No.: 1633044-56-0), AZD4547 (CAS No.
- PD168393 (CAS No.: 194423-15-9), Apatinib (CAS No.: 1218779-75-9), Palbociclib isethionate (CAS No.: 827022-33-3), Foretinib ( CAS No.: 849217-64-7), Lenvatinib (CAS No.: 417716-92-8), Tandutinib (CAS No.: 387867-13-2), etc., or salts thereof.
- FGFR1 inhibitors are not limited to the compounds shown above, and antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA against FGFR1 mRNA, antibodies that bind to FGFR1, dominant-negative FGFR1 mutants, etc. can also be used as FGFR1 inhibitors. . FGFR1 inhibitors are commercially available or can be synthesized according to known methods.
- serum replacement includes, for example, KnockOut TM Serum Replacement (KSR: Thermo Fisher Scientific), StemSure (registered trademark) Serum Replacement (Wako), B-27 supplement, N2-supplement, albumin (e.g., lipid-rich albumin), insulin, transferrin, fatty acids, collagen precursors, trace elements (eg zinc, selenium (eg sodium selenite)), 2-mercaptoethanol, 3′ thiolglycerol or mixtures thereof (eg ITS- G).
- Preferred serum replacements are B-27 supplement, KSR, StemSure® Serum Replacement, ITS-G.
- the concentration in the medium is 0.01-10% by weight, preferably 0.1-2% by weight. In the present invention, it is preferred to use a "serum substitute" instead of serum.
- a method for producing an insulin-producing cell population, and an insulin-producing cell population produced thereby The present invention relates to a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and/or cells in a later stage of differentiation.
- a method for producing an insulin-producing cell population comprising treating a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation with a microtubule inhibitor in the step of inducing differentiation of the population into an insulin-producing cell population. , as well as insulin-producing cell populations produced thereby.
- the microtubule inhibitor in the step of inducing differentiation of a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation into an insulin-producing cell population, is Acting on the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and/or the later differentiated cell population to produce an insulin-producing cell population that is depleted of endocrine non-endocrine cells.
- pluripotency means the ability to differentiate into tissues and cells with various different morphologies and functions, and to differentiate into cells of any lineage of the three germ layers. “Pluripotency” refers to “totipotency” that can differentiate into any tissue in the body, including the scutellum, in that the scutellum cannot differentiate and is therefore incapable of forming an individual. ” is distinguished from
- multipotency means the ability to differentiate into cells of a plurality of limited number of lineages.
- mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and neural stem cells are multipotent but not pluripotent.
- pluripotent stem cells refer to embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and similar pluripotent cells, that is, various tissues of the body (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm). refers to cells that potentially have the ability to differentiate into Cells having pluripotency similar to ES cells include "induced pluripotent stem cells” (also referred to herein as “iPS cells”).
- pluripotent stem cells are human pluripotent stem cells.
- mouse ES cells can be used in various mouse ES cell lines established by inGenious Inc., RIKEN (RIKEN), etc., and human ES cells can be used in the US National Institutes of Health.
- RIKEN RIKEN
- human ES cells can be used in the US National Institutes of Health.
- Various human ES cell lines established by (NIH), RIKEN, Kyoto University, and Cellartis are available.
- ES cell lines NIH CHB-1 to CHB-12 strains, RUES1 strain, RUES2 strain, HUES1 to HUES28 strains, WiCell Research Institute H1 strain, H9 strain, RIKEN KhES-1 strain, KhES-2 KhES-3 strain, KhES-4 strain, KhES-5 strain, SSES1 strain, SSES2 strain, SSES3 strain, and the like can be used.
- “Induced pluripotent stem cells” refer to cells obtained by reprogramming mammalian somatic cells or undifferentiated stem cells by introducing specific factors (nuclear reprogramming factors).
- induced pluripotent stem cells there are various "induced pluripotent stem cells", and Yamanaka et al. established iPS by introducing four factors of Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc into mouse fibroblasts.
- iPS cells derived from human cells established by introducing the same four factors into human fibroblasts (Takahashi K, Yamanaka S., et al.
- Nanog-iPS cells were selected using Nanog expression as an index and established (Okita, K., Ichisaka, T.; , and Yamanaka, S. (2007). Nature 448, 313-317.), iPS cells produced by a method that does not contain c-Myc (Nakagawa M, Yamanaka S., et al. Nature Biotechnology, (2008) 26 , 101-106)), virus-free iPS cells established by introducing six factors (Okita K et al. Nat. Methods 2011 May; 8(5): 409-12, Okita K et al. Stem Cells. 31(3):458-66.) can also be used.
- induced pluripotent stem cells established by introducing four factors of OCT3/4, SOX2, NANOG and LIN28 produced by Thomson et al. (Yu J., Thomson JA. et al., Science (2007) 318: 1917-1920.), induced pluripotent stem cells produced by Daley et al. (Park IH, Daley GQ. et al., Nature (2007) 451: 141-146), induced pluripotent stem cells produced by Sakurada et al. (JP-A-2008-307007) can also be used.
- iPS cell lines established by NIH, RIKEN (RIKEN), Kyoto University, etc. can be used as induced pluripotent cell lines.
- pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population means a cell population containing pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells.
- pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells are characterized by expression of at least one marker of chromogranin A (CHGA), NeuroD and NGN3, and lack of expression of markers of pancreatic-related hormone systems (e.g., insulin, etc.). means the cells that are harvested.
- Pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells may express markers such as PAX-4, NKX2.2, Islet-1, PDX-1.
- the “pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population” in the present invention is the culture after step 5) or the ) is the cell population corresponding to the culture in
- pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population in the present invention includes 30% or more pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells, preferably 40% or more, more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 60% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more. Included in proportion.
- the upper limit of the ratio is not particularly limited, it is 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, or 60% or less.
- the ratio can be expressed using two numerical values respectively selected from the numerical values of the upper limit and the lower limit, for example, the ratio is 30% to 90%, preferably 40% to 80%, more preferably 50% to 80%, more preferably 60% to 70%.
- the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population may contain other cells (eg, pancreatic progenitor cells, insulin-producing cells, Ki67-positive cells, CHGA-negative cells, etc.) in addition to pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells.
- other cells eg, pancreatic progenitor cells, insulin-producing cells, Ki67-positive cells, CHGA-negative cells, etc.
- the "cell population at a later stage of differentiation” means a cell population that contains more cells that have advanced in differentiation stage than the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population.
- Examples of “cells more differentiated than pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells” include insulin-producing cells.
- insulin-producing cells refer to cells characterized by the expression of at least one marker for insulin and NKX6.1, preferably both markers for insulin and NKX6.1. Insulin-producing cells preferably express NGN3 at a ratio of less than one-third of the maximum expression observed in pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells.
- the "cell population at a later stage of differentiation" contains 30% or more insulin-producing cells, preferably 40% or more, more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 60% or more, and even more preferably 70%. % or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio is not particularly limited, it is 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, or 60% or less.
- the ratio can be expressed using two numerical values respectively selected from the numerical values of the upper limit and the lower limit, for example, the ratio is 30% to 90%, preferably 40% to 80%, more preferably 50% to 80%, more preferably 60% to 70%.
- the "cell population at a later stage of differentiation” includes other cells (e.g., pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells, insulin-producing cells, Ki67-positive cells, CHGA-negative cells, etc.). good too.
- the "cell population in the subsequent differentiation stage" in the present invention is defined as the step of inducing the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin-producing cells, which will be described in detail below, for 3 days until the end of step 6). , cultures for 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, or more, or cell populations after completion of step 6).
- the percentage of specific cells in the cell population described in this specification can be determined based on a known method capable of calculating the number of cells, such as flow cytometry.
- this stage of differentiation can be broadly classified into pluripotent stem cells, definitive endoderm cells, gastrulation tract cells, posterior foregut cells, pancreatic progenitor cells, pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells, and insulin-producing cells in order of relatively undifferentiated. can.
- pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population induces differentiation from pluripotent stem cells into definitive endoderm cells, gastrula cells, posterior foregut cells, pancreatic progenitor cells, pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells, and insulin-producing cells.
- Step 1) Differentiate pluripotent stem cells into definitive endoderm cells; Step 2) Inducing differentiation from definitive endoderm cells to gastrula cells; Step 3) Inducing differentiation from gastrula cells to posterior foregut cells; Step 4) Inducing differentiation from posterior foregut cells to pancreatic progenitor cells; Step 5) Inducing differentiation from pancreatic progenitor cells to pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells; Step 6) Differentiation of pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells into insulin-producing cells is induced.
- Step 2) Differentiate pluripotent stem cells into definitive endoderm cells; Step 2) Inducing differentiation from definitive endoderm cells to gastrula cells; Step 3) Inducing differentiation from gastrula cells to posterior foregut cells; Step 4) Inducing differentiation from posterior foregut cells to pancreatic progenitor cells; Step 5) Inducing differentiation from pancreatic progenitor cells to pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells; Step 6) Differentiation of pan
- Step 1) Differentiation into Definitive Endoderm Cells Pluripotent stem cells are cultured in medium containing low doses of activin A to differentiate into definitive endoderm cells.
- Media used in this step include RPMI medium, MEM medium, iMEM medium, DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) medium, Improved MEM Zinc Option medium, Improved MEM/1% B-27 supplement/Penisilin Streptomycin medium, MCDB131/10 mM Glucose. /20 mM Glucose/NaHCO 3 /FAF-BSA/ITS-X/Glutamax/ascorbic acid/Penisilin Streptomycin medium or other basal media used for culturing mammalian cells can be used.
- Activin A can be included in the medium at low doses, for example in amounts of 5-100 ng/mL, preferably 5-50 ng/mL, more preferably 5-10 ng/mL.
- the concentration of activin A in the medium is about 0.1-100 ng/mL, preferably about 1-50 ng/mL, more preferably about 3-10 ng/mL.
- a ROCK inhibitor and/or a GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor can be added to the medium.
- the concentration of the GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor used. 3 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of ROCK inhibitor used. is about 10 ⁇ M.
- Insulin can be added to the medium. Insulin can be included in the medium in an amount of 0.01-20 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1-10 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.5-5 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of insulin in the medium may be, but is not limited to, the concentration of insulin contained in the added B-27 supplement.
- Cultivation may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- the number of cells at the start of culture is not particularly limited. It can be 100,000 to 300,000 cells/cm 2 .
- the number of cells at the start of culture is not particularly limited. It can be 300,000 to 600,000 cells/mL.
- the culture period is 1 to 4 days, preferably 1 to 3 days, particularly preferably 3 days.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is carried out at 30-40°C (eg, 37°C). Also, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture vessel is, for example, about 5%.
- definitive endoderm cells are obtained by first culturing pluripotent stem cells in medium under insulin-acting conditions in the presence of a low dose of activin A, followed by insulin-free culture. It can be produced by performing a second culture in conditioned medium.
- First Culture means conditions under which insulin activates the insulin signaling pathway in cells. Normally, insulin binds to insulin receptors present on the surface of cell membranes, activates tyrosine kinase endogenous to the receptors, and tyrosine phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate protein family (IRS: IRS-1, 2, 3). As used herein, the phrase "resulting in activation of the insulin signaling pathway” refers to the occurrence of a series of reactions initiated by the binding of insulin to insulin receptors.
- Conditions under which insulin acts include, for example, the case where the medium contains insulin. Any insulin can be used as long as it can activate the insulin signaling pathway in pluripotent stem cells, and it may be produced by a recombinant method or synthesized by a solid-phase synthesis method. . Insulin can be derived from humans, non-human primates, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, goats, llamas, dogs, cats, rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, etc., but is preferably human insulin. .
- insulin mutants, insulin derivatives, or insulin agonists can also be used as “insulin” as long as they activate the insulin signaling pathway in pluripotent stem cells.
- Insulin mutant consists of an amino acid sequence in which 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5 amino acids are deleted, substituted, added or inserted in the amino acid sequence of insulin, and having a sequence identity of 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more, most preferably 99% or more, with a polypeptide capable of activating the insulin signaling pathway or with the amino acid sequence of insulin and having a polypeptide that consists of an amino acid sequence having a specific property and is capable of effecting activation of the insulin signaling pathway.
- Amino acid sequences can be compared by a known method, for example, BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool at the National Center for Biological Information), etc. It can be implemented using the setting of "Insulin derivative” means that some groups of amino acid residues of insulin or insulin variants are chemically substituted (eg, ⁇ -methylation, ⁇ -hydroxylation), deleted (eg, deamination), or a polypeptide consisting of a modified (eg, N-methylated) amino acid sequence and capable of causing activation of the insulin signaling pathway or a substance with similar action.
- insulin agonist is meant a polypeptide or substance with similar action that is capable of binding to the insulin receptor resulting in activation of the insulin signaling pathway, regardless of the structure of insulin.
- the medium for the first culture can contain insulin in an amount of 0.01-20 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1-10 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.5-5 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of insulin in the medium may be, but is not limited to, the concentration of insulin contained in the added B-27 supplement.
- a B-27 supplement containing insulin may be referred to as "B-27 (INS+)" and a B-27 supplement not including insulin may be referred to as "B-27 (INS-)".
- the medium can further contain a ROCK inhibitor and/or a GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor.
- concentration of the ROCK inhibitor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of ROCK inhibitor used. Particularly preferably, it can be about 10 ⁇ M.
- concentration of the GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor used. It can be 3 ⁇ M.
- the medium may further contain one or more selected from the group consisting of pyruvate (such as sodium salt), L-alanyl L-glutamine, and glucose.
- Pyruvate can be included in the medium in an amount of 10-1000 mg/L, preferably 30-500 mg/L, more preferably 50-200 mg/L, particularly preferably about 110 mg/L.
- L-alanyl L-glutamine can be included in the medium in an amount of 50-2000 mg/L, preferably 100-1500 mg/L, more preferably 500-1000 mg/L, particularly preferably about 860 mg/L.
- Glucose can be included in the medium in an amount of 15 mM or more, preferably 15-30 mM, more preferably 15-25 mM, and particularly preferably about 25 mM.
- concentrations of pyruvate, L- alanyl L-glutamine and glucose in the medium are determined by pyruvate, L -alanyl L-glutamine and glucose concentrations, but not limited thereto.
- the medium can be based on the above basal medium and added with one or more of the above components.
- the basal medium is preferably DMEM medium, more preferably DMEM medium containing pyruvate, L-alanyl-L-glutamine, and glucose in the above amounts.
- the culture period of the first culture can be in a range selected from 6 hours to 48 hours, preferably 12 to 24 hours.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is carried out at 30 to 40°C (eg, 37°C).
- the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture vessel is, for example, about 5%.
- Cultivation may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- the number of cells at the start of culture is not particularly limited. It can be 100,000 to 300,000 cells/cm 2 . In addition, the number of cells at the start of culture is not particularly limited. It can be 300,000 to 600,000 cells/mL.
- Second culture “Conditions in which insulin does not act” means conditions in which insulin does not activate the insulin signaling pathway in cells. "No activation of the insulin signaling pathway in cells” means not only that no activation of the insulin signaling pathway occurs at all, but also activation of the insulin signaling pathway in the absence of insulin. It also means that there is only a slight activation that does not make a significant difference compared to . Therefore, “conditions in which insulin does not act” means, for example, that the medium does not contain insulin, or even if insulin is contained in the medium, the amount thereof does not show the above-mentioned significant difference. Conditions included in amounts that result in only a modest degree of activation are included.
- insulin signaling inhibitor an ingredient capable of blocking the insulin signaling pathway at any position.
- insulin signal inhibitors include polypeptides and compounds that bind to or compete with insulin, insulin receptors, various proteins that act as signal transduction substances, and inhibit the intermolecular interactions involving these factors. is mentioned.
- insulin signaling inhibitors include LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one], which competitively inhibits ATP binding to the catalytic subunit of PI3 kinase. etc.
- Insulin signaling inhibitors are not limited to these, but include antibodies that bind to insulin, insulin receptors, various proteins that act as signaling substances, dominant-negative variants thereof, and insulin receptors that act as signaling substances. Antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, and the like against mRNA of various proteins can also be used as insulin signal inhibitors. Insulin signaling inhibitors are commercially available or can be synthesized according to known methods.
- the medium can further contain a ROCK inhibitor and/or a GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor.
- the amount of the ROCK inhibitor and/or GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor in the medium can be selected from the range described in the first culture, and may be the same amount as used in the first culture. , can be different.
- the medium can further contain one or more selected from the group consisting of pyruvate, L-alanyl L-glutamine, and glucose.
- the amounts of pyruvate, L-alanyl L-glutamine, and glucose in the medium can be selected from the ranges described in the first culture above, and are the same amounts used in the first culture. may be different.
- the medium used in the second culture can be based on the basal medium used for culturing mammalian cells, to which one or more of the above ingredients are added.
- the basal medium the one described in the first culture can be used, and the same basal medium as that used in the first culture may be used, or a different basal medium may be used.
- DMEM medium is preferred, and DMEM medium containing pyruvate, L-alanyl-L-glutamine, and glucose in the above amounts is more preferred.
- the culture period of the second culture can be at least 6 hours, preferably 6 to 72 hours, and more preferably a range selected from 24 to 72 hours.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is carried out at 30 to 40°C (eg, 37°C). Cultivation may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture. Also, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture vessel is, for example, about 5%.
- the medium for the first culture and the second culture can contain activin A at the above low dose.
- the amount of activin A contained in the media of the first culture and the second culture may be the same or different.
- Dimethyl sulfoxide may be further added to the medium for the first culture and the second culture.
- Step 2) Differentiation into gastrula cells
- the definitive endoderm cells obtained in step 1) are further cultured in a medium containing a growth factor to induce differentiation into gastrula cells.
- the culture period is 2 to 8 days, preferably about 4 days.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is carried out at 30-40°C (eg, 37°C). Also, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture vessel is, for example, about 5%. Cultivation may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- the basal medium used for culturing mammalian cells which is described in step 1) above, can be used.
- growth factors serum replacements, vitamins, antibiotics, and the like may be added to the medium as appropriate.
- the growth factor is preferably EGF, KGF, and/or FGF10, more preferably EGF and/or KGF, and even more preferably KGF.
- the concentration of the growth factor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of growth factor used, but it is usually about 0.1 nM to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably about 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M.
- its concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.8-320 nM), preferably about 5-1000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.8-160 nM), more preferably about 10-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.8-160 nM). 1000 ng/mL (ie about 1.6-160 nM).
- the concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.3-116 nM), preferably about 10-1000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.6-58 nM), more preferably about 10-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.6-58 nM). 1000 ng/mL (ie about 0.6-58 nM).
- the concentration is usually 5-150 ng/mL, preferably 30-100 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 50 ng/mL.
- Step 3) Differentiation into posterior foregut cells
- the gastrula cells obtained in step 2) are further cultured in a medium containing a growth factor, cyclopamine, noggin, etc. to induce differentiation into posterior foregut cells.
- the culture period is 1 to 5 days, preferably about 2 days. Cultivation may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is carried out at 30-40°C (eg, 37°C). Also, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture vessel is, for example, about 5%.
- the basal medium used for culturing mammalian cells which is described in step 1) above, can be used.
- growth factors serum replacements, vitamins, antibiotics, and the like may be added to the medium as appropriate.
- the growth factor is preferably EGF, KGF, and/or FGF10, more preferably EGF and/or KGF, and even more preferably KGF.
- the concentration of the growth factor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of growth factor used, but it is usually about 0.1 nM to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably about 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M.
- its concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.8-320 nM), preferably about 5-1000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.8-160 nM), more preferably about 10-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.8-160 nM). 1000 ng/mL (ie about 1.6-160 nM).
- the concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.3-116 nM), preferably about 10-1000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.6-58 nM), more preferably about 10-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.6-58 nM). 1000 ng/mL (ie about 0.6-58 nM).
- the concentration is usually 5-150 ng/mL, preferably 30-100 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 50 ng/mL.
- the concentration of cyclopamine in the medium is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5-1.5 ⁇ M, preferably 0.3-1.0 ⁇ M, and particularly preferably about 0.5 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of Noggin in the medium is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 to 200 ng/mL, preferably 50 to 150 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 100 ng/mL.
- dimethylsulfoxide may be added to the medium.
- Step 4) Differentiation into Pancreatic Progenitor Cells
- the posterior foregut cells obtained in step 3) are added to a medium containing a factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity, preferably a factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity and a growth factor. They may be cultured in a medium and induced to differentiate into pancreatic progenitor cells.
- the culture period is 2 to 10 days, preferably about 5 days.
- Cultivation may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- the posterior foregut cells obtained in step 3) were treated with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA according to a previous report (Toyoda et al., Stem cell Research (2015) 14, 185-197). Disperse by pipetting after treatment, subject the resulting dispersion to centrifugation, resuspend the recovered cells in the new medium of step 4), and resuspend the cell suspension in a new two-dimensional culture vessel. Sow.
- the medium can be a basal medium used for culturing mammalian cells.
- growth factors serum replacements, vitamins, antibiotics, and the like may be added to the medium as appropriate.
- the factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity various compounds described above or salts thereof can be used. ⁇ 5 ⁇ M, preferably 0.00001 ⁇ M to 1 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of the factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity in the medium is preferably a concentration that achieves 50% or more inhibitory activity against CDK8/19.
- the growth factor is preferably EGF, KGF, and/or FGF10, more preferably KGF and/or EGF, and even more preferably KGF and EGF.
- the concentration of the growth factor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of growth factor used, but it is usually about 0.1 nM to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably about 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M.
- its concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.8-320 nM), preferably about 5-1000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.8-160 nM), more preferably about 10-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.8-160 nM). 1000 ng/mL (ie about 1.6-160 nM).
- the concentration of FGF10 is about 5-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.3-116 nM), preferably about 10-1000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.6-58 nM), more preferably about 10-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.6-58 nM). 1000 ng/mL (ie about 0.6-58 nM).
- the concentrations are usually 5 to 150 ng/mL, preferably 30 to 100 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 50 ng/mL for EGF, and usually 10 to 200 ng/mL, preferably 10 to 200 ng/mL for KGF. is between 50 and 150 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 100 ng/mL.
- the first day of culture in step 4) may be performed in the presence of a ROCK inhibitor, and thereafter cultured in a medium containing no ROCK inhibitor.
- the medium may contain a PKC activator.
- a PKC activator PdBU (PKC activator II), TPB (PKC activator V), etc. are used, but not limited thereto.
- the PKC activator is added at a concentration of about 0.1-100 ng/mL, preferably about 1-50 ng/mL, more preferably about 3-10 ng/mL.
- dimethylsulfoxide and/or activin (1-50 ng/mL) may be added to the medium.
- the medium may be supplemented with a serum substitute (eg, B-27 supplement, ITS-G) in addition to the components described above.
- a serum substitute eg, B-27 supplement, ITS-G
- amino acids, L-glutamine, GlutaMAX (product name), non-essential amino acids, vitamins, nicotinamide, antibiotics (e.g., Antibiotic-Antimycotic (hereinafter referred to as AA), penicillin, streptomycin, or mixtures thereof), antibacterial agents (eg, amphotericin B), antioxidants, pyruvic acid, buffers, inorganic salts, and the like may be added.
- antibiotics e.g., Antibiotic-Antimycotic (hereinafter referred to as AA), penicillin, streptomycin, or mixtures thereof
- antibacterial agents eg, amphotericin B
- antioxidants pyruvic acid
- buffers e.g, inorganic salts, and the like
- Cultivation
- cell culture is performed by adhesion culture without using feeder cells in the case of two-dimensional culture.
- Culture vessels such as dishes, flasks, microplates, and cell culture sheets such as OptiCell (product name) (Nunc) are used for culturing.
- the culture vessel is surface-treated to improve adhesion (hydrophilicity) with cells, collagen, gelatin, poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine, laminin, fibronectin, Matrigel (e.g. BD Matrigel (Japan) It is preferably coated with a substrate for cell adhesion such as Becton Deckinson)), vitronectin or the like.
- the culture vessel is preferably a culture vessel coated with type I collagen, matrigel, fibronectin, vitronectin, poly-D-lysine, or the like, more preferably matrigel or poly-D-lysine.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is carried out at 30-40°C (eg, 37°C). Also, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture vessel is, for example, about 5%.
- the pancreatic progenitor cells obtained in step 4) can be further purified using a known surface marker such as glycoprotein 2 (GP2).
- GP2 glycoprotein 2
- the purification can be performed by a method known per se, for example, using beads on which anti-GP2 antibody is immobilized.
- Step 5) Differentiation into pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells
- the pancreatic progenitor cells obtained in step 4) are further cultured in a medium containing growth factors to induce differentiation into pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells. Cultivation may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture. In the case of two-dimensional culture, the pancreatic progenitor cells obtained in step 4) are treated with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA and dispersed by pipetting, and the resulting dispersion is centrifuged, The harvested cells are resuspended in the fresh medium of step 5) and the cell suspension is replated in a new two-dimensional culture vessel.
- the culture period is 2-3 days, preferably about 2 days.
- the basal medium used for culturing mammalian cells which is described in step 1) above, can be used.
- the medium was supplemented with SANT1, retinoic acid, ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, and LDN, as well as a Wnt inhibitor, a ROCK inhibitor, and FGF (preferably FGF2).
- serum substitutes, vitamins, antibiotics and the like may be added as appropriate.
- dimethylsulfoxide may be added to the medium.
- Cultivation is performed in non-adhesive culture without using feeder cells.
- feeder cells For culturing, dishes, flasks, microplates, porous plates (Nunc), etc., or bioreactors are used.
- the culture vessel is preferably surface-treated to reduce adhesion to cells.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is carried out at 30-40°C (eg, 37°C). Also, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture vessel is, for example, about 5%.
- the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells obtained in step 5) can be further purified using a known surface marker such as glycoprotein 2 (GP2).
- GP2 glycoprotein 2
- the purification can be performed by a method known per se, for example, using beads on which anti-GP2 antibody is immobilized.
- Step 6) Differentiation into insulin-producing cells
- the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells obtained in step 5) are further cultured in a medium containing an FGFR1 inhibitor to induce differentiation into insulin-producing cells.
- the culture period is 10 to 30 days, preferably about 10 to 20 days.
- the basal medium used for culturing mammalian cells which is described in step 1) above, can be used.
- the medium contains ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor XX, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, N-cysteine, AXL inhibitor, and ascorbic acid according to a previous report (Nature Biotechnology 2014; 32: 1121-1133).
- Wnt inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, FGF (preferably FGF2), serum substitutes, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. may be added as appropriate.
- the medium may be supplemented with ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, and ascorbic acid, or T3, ALK5 inhibitor II, ZnSO 4 , heparin, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, and R428 may be added.
- the culture can be performed in either two-dimensional or three-dimensional culture.
- the culture is performed in non-adherent culture without using feeder cells.
- feeder cells For culturing, dishes, flasks, microplates, porous plates (Nunc), etc., or bioreactors are used.
- the culture vessel is preferably surface-treated to reduce adhesion to cells.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is carried out at 30-40°C (eg, 37°C). Also, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture vessel is, for example, about 5%.
- the medium can contain the FGFR1 inhibitor in any amount capable of inhibiting FGFR1 activity, e.g. It can be included in amounts less than, less than 2 ⁇ M.
- the lower limit of the amount of the FGFR1 inhibitor to be added is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1 ⁇ M or more, preferably 0.5 ⁇ M or more.
- the amount of the FGFR1 inhibitor to be added is preferably less than 5 ⁇ M and 0.1 ⁇ M or more, more preferably less than 5 ⁇ M and 0.5 ⁇ M or more. Culturing in the presence of the FGFR1 inhibitor can be carried out for at least 12 hours, preferably 24 hours or more, 2 days or more, 4 days or more, 8 days or more, 10 days or more, or 15 days or more.
- Culturing in the presence of the FGFR1 inhibitor is preferably performed for 4 days or more.
- culturing in the presence of the FGFR1 inhibitor can be performed for about the last 4 to 15 days, preferably about the last 4 to 7 days of step 6). It is possible to replace the medium during the treatment with the FGFR1 inhibitor, and according to the culture schedule, the medium can be replaced with a medium having the same composition as before replacement with the addition of the FGFR1 inhibitor or a medium with a different composition.
- the insulin-producing cells obtained in step 6) can be dissociated and collected using an enzyme such as trypsin.
- the recovered insulin-producing cells can be cryopreserved until use.
- about 500,000 to 5,000,000 cells, preferably about 1,000,000 to 4,000,000 cells, more preferably about 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 cells per culture vessel or well are added to the above-mentioned medium. and three-dimensionally cultured to obtain insulin-producing cells in the form of spheroids.
- Each spheroid consists of about 100 to about 1000 cells, preferably about 200 to about 800 cells, more preferably about 300 to about 500 cells.
- the “compound having tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity” or “microtubule inhibitor” used in the present invention is a compound that promotes the polymerization of tubulin that forms microtubules to produce excess microtubules. It means a compound having an activity of forming and stabilizing and/or an activity of suppressing depolymerization of tubulin that forms microtubules. The compound preferably has the effect of inhibiting cell division through the activity.
- the terms "compound having tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity” and "microtubule inhibitor” are used interchangeably.
- the "compound having tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity” or “microtubule inhibitor” that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above activity. Physically acceptable salts and solvates are included. In addition, these compounds may have one or more substituents as long as they have tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity, and some partial structures (substituents, rings, etc.) It may be converted. Solvates include, but are not limited to, hydrates, acetone adducts, and the like.
- the "compound having tubulin polymerization-promoting activity and/or depolymerization-inhibiting activity" or “microtubule inhibitor” is a compound used as an active ingredient of a taxoid anticancer agent or its pharmacology.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates are preferred, more preferably Docetaxel or pharmacologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.
- tubulin polymerization promoting activity and/or depolymerization inhibitory activity or "microtubule inhibitor” may be commercially available or synthesized according to a known method. can.
- treatment of a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation with a microtubule inhibitor inhibits the microtubule inhibition of the cell population. It can be carried out by contacting with an agent.
- treatment with a microtubule inhibitor can be performed by culturing the cell population in a medium supplemented with the microtubule inhibitor.
- the microtubule inhibitor can be included in the medium in any amount capable of reducing non-endocrine cells endogenous to the final insulin-producing cell population, e.g., 10 ⁇ M, 5 ⁇ M, 4 ⁇ M, 3 ⁇ M.
- the lower limit of the amount of the microtubule inhibitor added to the medium is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1 ⁇ M, 0.2 ⁇ M, 0.3 ⁇ M, 0.4 ⁇ M, 0.5 ⁇ M, 1 ⁇ M, or more.
- the range of the amount of the microtubule inhibitor to be added to the medium can be expressed using two numerical values respectively selected from the upper and lower numerical values, for example, 0.1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 ⁇ M to 5 ⁇ M. , more preferably 1 ⁇ M to 3 ⁇ M.
- culturing the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and/or the cell population at a later stage of differentiation in the presence of a microtubule inhibitor reduces the non-endocrine cells inherent in the finally obtained insulin-producing cell population. for at least 12 hours, preferably 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 10 days, 11 days, It can be done for 12 days, 15 days, or more.
- the culture period of the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and/or the cell population at a later stage of differentiation in the presence of the microtubule inhibitor is 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, or 8 days. days or longer.
- the medium can be replaced with a medium having the same composition as before replacement with the addition of the microtubule inhibitor or a medium with a different composition.
- a medium a basal medium used for culturing the above mammalian cells or a medium for inducing differentiation into insulin-producing cells can be used.
- a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation are treated with a microtubule inhibitor and differentiated into insulin-producing cells.
- the term "treated with a microtubule inhibitor” means that the step of treating with the microtubule inhibitor and the step of differentiating are performed simultaneously, the case of treating with the microtubule inhibitor and then subjecting it to the step of differentiating, and It also includes the step of treating with a microtubule inhibitor after being subjected to the step of differentiating. Therefore, the medium used for treatment with the microtubule inhibitor and the medium used for differentiating the cell population may be separate, or the microtubule inhibitor may be added to the medium used for the differentiation step.
- the microtubule inhibitor is included in the medium in step 6 above to act on the cells in the step of inducing the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin-producing cells.
- the microtubule inhibitor is included in the medium of step 6 and allowed to act on the cells for 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, or more until the end of step 6. .
- the microtubule inhibitor in the step of inducing the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin-producing cells, may be added to the medium and act on the cells after step 6 above.
- the medium the basal medium used for culturing mammalian cells, which is described in step 1) above, can be used.
- the medium contains ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor XX, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, N-cysteine, AXL inhibitor, ascorbic acid, Wnt inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor, and FGF. (preferably FGF2), serum substitutes, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. may be added as appropriate.
- the medium may be supplemented with ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, and ascorbic acid, or T3, ALK5 inhibitor II, ZnSO 4 , heparin, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, and R428 may be added.
- the microtubule inhibitor is included in the above medium and allowed to act on the cells for a period of 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, or more after step 6 is completed.
- the percentage of insulin-producing cells, preferably insulin-positive and NKX6.1-positive cells, in the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention can be determined by conventional methods (for example, the above steps 1) to 6) or Nature Biotechnology 2014;32: 1121-1133, etc.) is 5% or higher, preferably 10% or higher. More specifically, the proportion of insulin-producing cells, more specifically insulin-positive and NKX6.1-positive cells, in the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention is 35% or more, preferably 36% or more, and more It is preferably 37% or more, more preferably 38% or more, even more preferably 39% or more, particularly preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 41% or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio is not particularly limited, it is 70% or less, 60% or less, or 50% or less.
- the ratio can be expressed using two numerical values respectively selected from the numerical values of the upper limit and the lower limit, for example, the ratio is 35% to 50%, preferably 36% to 50%, more preferably 37% to 50%, more preferably 38% to 50%, even more preferably 39% to 50%, particularly preferably 40% to 50%, most preferably 41% to 50%.
- the proportion of chromogranin A (CHGA)-positive endocrine cells in the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention can be determined by conventional methods (for example, the above steps 1) to 6) or Nature Biotechnology 2014;32:1121-1133. etc.), it is 3% or more, preferably 4% or more, more preferably 5% or more. More specifically, the percentage of chromogranin A (CHGA)-positive, for example, CHGA-positive and PDX1-positive endocrine cells in the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention is 95% or more, preferably 96% or more, and more It is preferably 97% or more, more preferably 98% or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio is not particularly limited, it is 99% or less. The ratio can be expressed using two numerical values respectively selected from the numerical values of the upper limit and the lower limit, for example, the ratio is 95% to 99%, preferably 96% to 99%, more preferably 97% to 99%, more preferably 98% to 99%.
- pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells e.g., pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells; glucagon, somatostatin, and at least one pancreatic polypeptide marker are expressed.
- pancreatic hormone-producing cells Ki67-positive cells; CHGA-negative cells, etc.
- the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the method of the present invention is compared to insulin-producing cell populations prepared by conventional methods (for example, steps 1) to 6) above, Nature Biotechnology 2014; 32: 1121-1133, etc.).
- a "non-endocrine cell” is a cell characterized by a chromogranin A (CHGA)-negative marker expression pattern.
- Non-endocrine cells can be further characterized as being PDX1 negative and/or Ki67 positive.
- "non-endocrine cells” are CHGA-negative and PDX1-positive cells, CHGA-negative and PDX1-negative cells, and/or CHGA-negative and Ki67-positive cells.
- the percentage of non-endocrine cells in the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention is the insulin-producing cells produced by conventional methods (for example, the above steps 1) to 6) and Nature Biotechnology 2014; 32: 1121-1133, etc.). 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, or 5% or more lower than its proportion in the cell population. More specifically, the proportion of non-endocrine cells in the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention is 5% or less, preferably 4% or less, more preferably 3% or less, still more preferably 2% or less, and more preferably 2% or less. More preferably 1% or less, particularly preferably 0.5% or less.
- the lower limit of the ratio is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 0% or more, 0.01% or more, or 0.05% or more.
- the ratio can be expressed using two numerical values respectively selected from the upper and lower numerical values, for example, the ratio is 0% to 5%, preferably 0.01% to 4%, more preferably 0 0.01% to 3%, more preferably 0.01% to 2%, even more preferably 0.01% to 1%, and particularly preferably 0.01% to 0.5%.
- the proportion of CHGA-negative and Ki67-positive cells in the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention is 0.1% or less, preferably 0.05% or less, and the lower limit of the proportion is particularly limited. However, for example, it is 0% or more, 0.01% or more.
- the ratio can be expressed using two numerical values respectively selected from the numerical values of the upper limit and the lower limit, for example, the ratio is 0% to 0.1%, or 0.01% to 0.1% .
- the present invention also provides a method for detecting non-endocrine cells present in an insulin-producing cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells.
- non-endocrine cells present in the insulin-producing cell population are proliferated and detected by subjecting the insulin-producing cell population to further culture (herein, sometimes referred to as "extended culture”).
- extended culture can be facilitated.
- the extension culture can be performed using the basal medium used for culturing the above mammalian cells, preferably MCDB131/20 mM Glucose/NaHCO 3 /FAF-BSA/ITS-X/Glutamax/Penisilin Streptomycin medium as the basal medium.
- the medium for extended culture further contains epidermal growth factor (EGF) or a substance having an activity equivalent or similar thereto.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- substances capable of activating the signal transduction pathway of EGF e.g., betacellulin
- growth factors having similar functions to EGF e.g., fibroblast growth factor (FGF; Fibroblast Growth Factor), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), etc.
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
- VEGF vascular endothelial cell growth factor
- VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- EGF or a substance having equivalent or similar activity is added to the medium in an amount selected from the range of 50 ng/mL, 60 ng/mL, 70 ng/mL, 80 ng/mL, 90 ng/mL, or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but can be an amount selected from the range of 250 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, 150 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, or less.
- the content can be expressed using two numerical values respectively selected from the numerical values of the upper and lower limits. An amount selected from the range of mL to 150 ng/mL, or 50 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL.
- the extended culture period may be performed for a period sufficient for non-endocrine cells to proliferate, and is at least 12 hours, preferably 24 hours or more, for example, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days. days, 14 days, 21 days, 27 days, 28 days, 29 days, 30 days, or more.
- the medium can be exchanged during the extended culture period, and the medium can be exchanged once every 1 to 7 days, preferably every 2 to 5 days, more preferably every 3 to 4 days.
- the proportion of non-endocrine cells in the population confirmed after the extended culture can be determined by conventional methods (for example, steps 1) to 6) or Nature Biotechnology 2014; 32: 1121-1133, etc.) is 50% or more, preferably 65% or more, more preferably 70% or more, compared to the ratio when the insulin-producing cell population is subjected to extended culture, More preferably, it is reduced by 75% or more, and it can be confirmed that non-endocrine cells endogenously present in the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention are reduced, preferably removed.
- pancreatic ⁇ cell population a cell population containing pancreatic ⁇ cells
- pancreatic ⁇ -cells means cells more mature than “insulin-producing cells”, and specifically, at least one marker of MAFA, UCN3, and IAPP, which are maturation markers of pancreatic ⁇ -cells. or characterized by a glucose-stimulated insulinotropic response.
- the pancreatic ⁇ -cell population may contain other cells (eg, insulin-producing cells, Ki67-positive cells, CHGA-negative cells, etc.) in addition to pancreatic ⁇ -cells.
- a pancreatic ⁇ -cell population can be obtained by differentiating and maturing an insulin-producing cell population, preferably by differentiating and maturing in vivo in an animal.
- Animals are preferably mammals, such as humans, non-human primates, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, goats, llamas, dogs, cats, rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, etc., preferably humans. .
- Transplantation is preferably carried out in an in vivo region where the cell population can be fixed at a fixed position. It can be performed under the capsule.
- the number of cells to be transplanted may vary depending on factors such as the stage of differentiation of the cells to be transplanted, age, body weight, size of the transplanted site, severity of disease, etc., and is not particularly limited. It can be about 10 ⁇ 10 4 to 10 ⁇ 10 11 cells.
- the transplanted cell population is induced to differentiate in an in vivo environment, and can be differentiated into a desired cell population, preferably a pancreatic ⁇ cell population, after which it may be recovered or left in vivo as it is. good too.
- the cell population may be embedded in a gel containing a biocompatible material and then transplanted. can also be encapsulated in a device and implanted in vivo.
- epibedding means to disperse and contain a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation in a gel containing a biocompatible material.
- biocompatible material refers to any material that does not induce significant immune responses or adverse biological reactions (e.g., toxic reactions, blood coagulation, etc.) when implanted in vivo and left in place for a short or long period of time.
- biological reactions e.g., toxic reactions, blood coagulation, etc.
- biocompatible material is preferably a biodegradable material.
- Such materials include polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polyethyleneamine, polyhydroxybutyric acid, poly(N- vinylpyrrolidone), polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene fumarate, polyacrylic acid, poly e-caprolactone, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), pectic acid, hyaluronic acid, heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, heparin , chitin, chitosan, xanthan
- the surface of the "biocompatible material” may optionally be modified to allow cell adhesion (e.g., substrates for cell adhesion (collagen, gelatin, poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine, laminin, fibronectin). , Matrigel, vitronectin, etc.), or with functional groups known to control cell growth, differentiation and function (e.g., amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, etc.). may be modified.
- alginate or alginate can be suitably used as the "biocompatible material".
- the alginate may be any water-soluble salt, and metal salts, ammonium salts, etc. can be used.
- metal salts, ammonium salts, etc. can be used.
- sodium alginate, calcium alginate, ammonium alginate, etc. can be preferably used.
- Alginic acid ester (also called propylene glycol alginate) is a derivative in which propylene glycol is ester-bonded to the carboxyl group of alginic acid.
- the ratio of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid contained in alginate is arbitrary, and in general, when M>G, a highly flexible gel can be formed, and M ⁇ When it is G, a strong gel can be formed.
- those containing 10 to 90%, 20 to 80%, 30 to 70%, or 40 to 60% of guluronic acid can be used.
- a gel using alginate or alginate can be produced according to known methods (WO2010/032242, WO2011/154941), and gelation is performed by adding a cross-linking agent to an alginate or alginate solution.
- WO2010/032242, WO2011/154941 WO2010/032242, WO2011/154941
- gelation is performed by adding a cross-linking agent to an alginate or alginate solution.
- the alginate or alginate can be contained in the solvent in an amount of 0.05-10% by weight, preferably 0.1-5% by weight, more preferably 0.5-3% by weight. Any solvent can be used as long as it can dissolve alginate or alginate, and water, physiological saline, and the like can be used.
- the cross-linking agent is not particularly limited as long as it can gel the solution of alginate or alginate, but polyvalent metal cations can be used. As polyvalent metal cations, divalent metal cations are preferred, and calcium ions, strontium ions, and barium ions are more preferred.
- a cross-linking agent can be used in the form of a salt, and in the present invention, at least one selected from calcium chloride, strontium chloride and barium chloride can be used as a cross-linking agent.
- Nanofibers are natural or synthetic fibers with diameters in the nanometer range. Natural nanofibers include those comprising one or more of polysaccharides such as collagen, cellulose, silk fibroin, keratin, gelatin, chitosan. Synthetic nanofibers include polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyurethane (PU), poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) ( PHBV), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA), and the like.
- PLA polylactic acid
- PCL polycaprolactone
- PU polyurethane
- PLGA poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
- PHBV poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)
- PEVA poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)
- Nanofibers are present in gels comprising alginate at less than 1 wt%, such as 0.9 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.5 wt%, or less. can be included in quantity.
- the lower limit of the amount of nanofibers contained in the gel containing alginate or alginate is not particularly limited, it can be 0.05% by weight or more, preferably 0.1% by weight or more.
- Embedding the cell population in a gel containing alginate or alginate can be performed by any means, but is not particularly limited.
- the cell population is mixed in an alginate or alginate solution, It can be carried out by gelling.
- the cell population is contained in an alginate or alginate solution in an amount selected from 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells/mL, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 7 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 cells/mL. can be done.
- Gelation of an alginate or alginate solution containing a cell population can be performed by adding a cross-linking agent to the solution.
- the amount of cross-linking agent added may be an amount selected from 0.1 to 5% by weight, such as 0.1 to 1% by weight of the solution.
- Gelation can be performed in a container having a predetermined configuration and/or shape used for cell culture or cell transplantation, or in a mold designed to obtain a gel that fits the container.
- the alginate or alginate solution containing the cell population may be added dropwise to the solution of the cross-linking agent.
- the size of the droplet can be adjusted according to the shape of the nozzle and the method of dropping, and thus the size of the gel capsule containing alginic acid can be defined.
- the dropping method is not particularly limited, but methods such as an air spray method, an airless spray method, and an electrostatic spray method can be used.
- the size of the gel capsule containing alginic acid is not particularly limited, but the diameter can be 5 mm or less, 1 mm or less, or 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the crosslinker solution may contain an amount of crosslinker selected from 0.1 to 10% by weight, such as 0.1 to 5% by weight.
- the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention When the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention is transplanted into an animal body and differentiated in the animal body, it can be left as it is and used as cells that produce and secrete insulin. .
- the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention is useful as a cell medicine for treating diabetes, particularly type I diabetes, either as it is or by encapsulating it and transplanting it to the affected area.
- the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention may be a prodrug.
- prodrug refers to a cell population that differentiates after being transplanted into a living body and changes into cells that have the ability to treat diseases.
- the insulin-producing cell population obtained by the present invention has low toxicity (e.g., acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, carcinogenicity), and may be used as is or in combination with pharmacologically acceptable carriers, etc. can be safely administered to mammals (for example, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys, and humans) by mixing with a pharmaceutical composition.
- mammals for example, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys, and humans
- the present invention provides culture media for pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell populations and/or later differentiated cell populations comprising microtubule inhibitors.
- the culture medium of the present invention includes RPMI 1640 medium, MEM medium, iMEM medium, DMEM/F12 medium, Improved MEM Zinc Option medium, Improved MEM/1% B-27/Penisilin Streptomycin medium, MCDB131/20 mM Glucose/NaHCO 3 /FAF.
- a basal medium used for culturing mammalian cells such as BSA/ITS-X/GlutaMAX TM /ascorbic acid/Penisilin Streptomycin medium, to which the microtubule inhibitor is added in the above amount.
- the culture medium of the present invention can be used as a differentiation medium for inducing the differentiation of a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation into an insulin-producing cell population.
- the differentiation medium of the present invention can be used in step 6) in the method for inducing the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin-positive cells.
- the differentiation medium of the present invention further contains growth factors, various inhibitors, serum replacements, antibiotics, vitamins, and other factors required in step 6).
- the differentiation medium used in step 6 contains ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor XX, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO , N-cysteine, AXL inhibitors, ascorbic acid, Wnt inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, FGF (preferably FGF2), serum replacements, vitamins, antibiotics, ZnSO 4 , heparin, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, R428, FGFR1 Inhibitors and the like can be added in predetermined amounts.
- the culture medium of the present invention can be used as a culture medium for culturing the above-mentioned "cell population at a later stage of differentiation". In one embodiment, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, or more until the end of step 6) in the above-described method for inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin-positive cells or after completion of step 6).
- the culture medium further contains ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor XX, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, N-cysteine, AXL inhibitor, ascorbic acid, and Wnt inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, FGF (preferably FGF2), serum replacements, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. may be added as appropriate, for example, ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, and Ascorbic acid may be added, or T3, ALK5 inhibitor II, ZnSO 4 , heparin, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, and R428 may be added.
- ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor XX, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, N-cysteine, AXL inhibitor, ascorbic acid, and Wnt inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, FGF (preferably FGF2), serum replacements, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. may be added as
- the present invention also provides a culture medium for an insulin-producing cell population containing EGF or a substance having an activity equivalent or similar thereto.
- the culture medium of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned basal medium and the above-mentioned EGF or a substance having an activity equivalent or similar thereto in an arbitrary amount capable of promoting the growth of non-endocrine cells.
- the basal medium is preferably MCDB131/20 mM Glucose/NaHCO 3 /FAF-BSA/ITS-X/Glutamax/Penisilin Streptomycin medium.
- the amount of EGF or a substance having equivalent or similar activity contained in the medium is as described above.
- the culture medium containing EGF or a substance having an activity equivalent or similar thereto is a culture medium for detecting non-endocrine cells present in the insulin-producing cell population, and is used for the above-described prolonged culture of the insulin-producing cell population. can be used
- any of the culture media of the present invention may be provided in one form by mixing the basal medium, the microtubule inhibitor or EGF or a substance having an activity equivalent or similar thereto, and the other factors mentioned above, or They may be provided and prepared in multiple forms in any combination or each separately.
- a method for removing non-endocrine cells also includes treating a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and/or a cell population at a later stage of differentiation with a microtubule inhibitor.
- the present invention relates to a method for removing non-endocrine cells, including A pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and/or a cell population at a later differentiation stage can be treated with a microtubule inhibitor as defined above.
- Example 1 Evaluation of proliferation of non-endocrine cells when an insulin-producing cell population was cultured for an extended period in a basal medium containing EGF1.
- Method (1) Preparation of insulin-producing cell population Differentiation induction from the Ff-I14s04 iPS cell line into an insulin-producing cell population was performed according to the above steps 1) to 6) and a previous report (Nature Biotechnology 2014; 32: 1121-1133). It was carried out by a three-dimensional culture method using a reactor and a multi-hole plate.
- a medium DMEM / 1% B-27 (INS +) / Penisilin Streptomycin / dimethyl sulfoxide containing differentiation inducers (GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor and low dose activin A) under conditions where iPS cells act on insulin
- medium DMEM/1% B-27 (INS-)/Penisilin Streptomycin/dimethylsulfoxide
- a differentiation inducer low dose activin A
- pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from the definitive endoderm cell population was treated with a differentiation-inducing factor (ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, ascorbic acid) and FGF receptor 1 inhibition.
- the cells were cultured in a medium (Improved MEM/1% B-27 (INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin) containing the agent (PD-166866) to obtain an insulin-producing cell population. Switching from the bioreactor to the perforated plate was performed in step 6).
- Example 2 Evaluation of proliferation of non-endocrine cells when an insulin-producing cell population prepared by adding the taxoid anticancer agent Docetaxel was cultured for an extended period of time in a basal medium containing EGF.
- Method (1) Preparation of insulin-producing cell population including treatment with Cisplatin or Docetaxel in the induction step Differentiation induction from the QHJI-I14s04 iPS cell line to the insulin-producing cell population is performed according to the above steps 1) to 6) or previously reported (Nature Biotechnology 2014; 32:1121-1133), a three-dimensional culture method using a bioreactor was performed.
- a medium DMEM / 1% B-27 (INS +) / Penisilin Streptomycin / dimethyl sulfoxide containing differentiation inducers (GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor and low dose activin A) under conditions where iPS cells act on insulin
- medium DMEM/1% B-27 (INS-)/Penisilin Streptomycin/dimethylsulfoxide
- a differentiation inducer low dose activin A
- pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from the definitive endoderm cell population was treated with a differentiation-inducing factor (ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, ascorbic acid) and FGF receptor 1 inhibition.
- the cells were cultured in a medium (Improved MEM/1% B-27 (INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin) containing the agent (PD-166866) to obtain an insulin-producing cell population.
- step 6 Induction is performed by adding Cisplatin at a final concentration of 3 ⁇ M or Docetaxel at a final concentration of 1 ⁇ M to the medium for 7 days from day 4 to the end of culture (day 11). gone.
- the percentage of PDX1-negative and CHGA-negative (PDX1-/CHGA-) cells was greatly reduced.
- the ratio of PDX1-positive and CHGA-negative (PDX1+/CHGA-) and PDX1-negative and CHGA-negative (PDX1-/CHGA-) after extended culture containing EGF was higher than that of the control cell population. Both decreased significantly.
- the total number of cells after extended culture containing EGF increased with the increase in non-endocrine cells in the control cell population and the Cisplatin-added cell population. Since no increase in non-endocrine cells was observed in the docetaxel-added cell population, the total cell number after extended culture decreased. On the other hand, no change in the number of CHGA-positive endocrine cells after extended culture was observed in the Cisplatin-added cell population and the Docetaxel-added cell population compared to the control cell population. From the above, it is considered that treatment with cisplatin or docetaxel suppresses the increase of non-endocrine cells, but does not affect the number of endocrine cells.
- the PDX1-positive, CHGA-negative and PDX1-negative, CHGA-negative non-endocrine cells increased by extended culture contained a large number of proliferation marker Ki67-positive cells. Therefore, these non-endocrine cells are considered to be proliferative.
- Example 3 Evaluation of marker protein expression of insulin-producing cell population prepared by adding Docetaxel1.
- Method (1) Preparation of insulin-producing cell population including Docetaxel treatment in the induction step Differentiation induction from QHJI-I14s04 iPS cell lines to insulin-producing cells is performed according to the above steps 1) to 6) or previously reported (Nature Biotechnology 2014; 32: 1121 -1133), it was carried out by a three-dimensional culture method using a bioreactor and a perforated plate.
- a medium DMEM / 1% B-27 (INS +) / Penisilin Streptomycin / dimethyl sulfoxide containing differentiation inducers (GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor and low dose activin A) under conditions where iPS cells act on insulin
- a medium DMEM/1% B-27 (INS-)/Penisilin Streptomycin/dimethylsulfoxide containing a differentiation inducer (low dose activin A) under insulin-inhibited conditions.
- a pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from the definitive endoderm cells was treated with a differentiation-inducing factor (ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, ascorbic acid) and an FGF receptor 1 inhibitor.
- Insulin-producing cell populations were obtained by culturing in a medium (MCDB131/20 mM Glucose/NaHCO 3 /FAF-BSA/ITS-X/Glutamax/Penisilin Streptomycin) containing (PD-166866). Switching from the bioreactor to the perforated plate was performed in step 6).
- Docetaxel was treated, it was induced by adding it to the medium at a final concentration of 1, 3 or 10 ⁇ M for 7 days from the 4th day after the start of Step 6) to the end of the culture (11th day).
- NKX6.1 Marker Protein Expression and Cell Number Marker protein expression (NKX6.1, C-peptide (Insulin), CHGA, and Ki67) in each insulin-producing cell population after culture was measured by flow cytometry.
- Each sample was sampled from a separate culture vessel. The number of cells was measured with an automatic cell counter at the time of sample preparation for flow cytometry, and the total number of cells per well of the multi-hole plate was calculated.
- FIG. 4 shows measurement results and cell counts by flow cytometry.
- Docetaxel (+Docetaxel)
- the proportion of INS-positive and NKX6.1-positive cells expected to mature into pancreatic ⁇ cells increased by about 10% relative to the control cell population. This effect was unchanged by increasing the concentration of Docetaxel to 10 ⁇ M.
- Example 4 Evaluation of proliferation of non-endocrine cells when a cell population containing insulin-producing cells was treated with Docetaxel and then subjected to extended culture in a basal medium containing EGF1.
- Method (1) Preparation of insulin-producing cell populations by subjecting cell populations containing insulin-producing cells to Docetaxel treatment QHJI-I14s04 Induction of differentiation from iPS cell lines to insulin-producing cell populations is performed according to the above steps 1) to 6) and in the previous report ( Nature Biotechnology 2014; 32: 1121-1133), it was performed by a three-dimensional culture method using a bioreactor.
- a medium DMEM / 1% B-27 (INS +) / Penisilin Streptomycin / dimethyl sulfoxide containing differentiation inducers (GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor and low dose activin A) under conditions where iPS cells act on insulin
- medium DMEM/1% B-27 (INS-)/Penisilin Streptomycin/dimethylsulfoxide
- a differentiation inducer low dose activin A
- pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from the definitive endoderm cell population was treated with a differentiation-inducing factor (ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, ascorbic acid) and FGF receptor 1 inhibition.
- a cell population obtained by culturing for 7 days in a medium (Improved MEM/1% B-27 (INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin) containing an agent (PD-166866) obtained on day 7 after the start of step 6).
- a medium Improved MEM/1% B-27 (INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin
- PD-166866 an agent
- Step 6 (3) Evaluation of Marker Protein Expression and Cell Number Marker protein expression (PDX1, CHGA) in each cell population before and after extension culture was measured by flow cytometry. Step 6) The expression of marker proteins (NKX6.1, C-peptide (Insulin), PDX1, and CHGA) in the cell population obtained 7 days after initiation was also measured by flow cytometry. Each sample was sampled from a separate culture vessel. The number of cells was measured with an automatic cell counter at the time of sample preparation for flow cytometry, and the total number of cells per well of the multi-hole plate was calculated.
- marker proteins NKX6.1, C-peptide (Insulin), PDX1, and CHGA
- the control cell population was mostly CHGA-positive endocrine cells before extended culture, but after extended culture in a basal medium containing EGF, it became PDX1-positive and CHGA-negative (PDX1+/CHGA-) and PDX1-negative.
- the proportion of /CHGA-negative (PDX1-/CHGA-) non-endocrine cells was significantly increased.
- the Docetaxel-added cell population was PDX1-positive after extended culture containing EGF and Both the proportion of CHGA-negative (PDX1+/CHGA-) and PDX1-negative and CHGA-negative (PDX1-/CHGA-) decreased significantly.
- proliferative non-endocrine cells contaminating the cell population can be detected by prolonged culture of the insulin-producing cell population in a basal medium containing EGF.
- non-endocrine cells are reduced by treating the pancreatic endocrine progenitor cell population and the cell population in the subsequent differentiation stage with a taxoid anticancer drug such as Docetaxel.
- a taxoid anticancer drug such as Docetaxel
- Example 5 Evaluation of efficacy and safety by in vivo transplantation of insulin-producing cell population prepared by adding Docetaxel1.
- Method (1) In vivo transplantation of insulin-producing cell population prepared by adding Docetaxel An immunodeficient NOD/SCID mouse in which insulin-deficient diabetes was induced by streptozotocin was prepared, and Docetaxel was added by the method described in Example 2 above. The resulting insulin-producing cell population was dispersed in a fibrin gel, which was subcutaneously implanted into the mouse. After transplantation, plasma human C-peptide concentrations were measured over time. At 6 months after transplantation, the grafts were excised and weighed. As a control, an insulin-producing cell population prepared without the addition of Docetaxel was subcutaneously transplanted into the mouse, and the plasma human C-peptide concentration was measured over time and the weight of the explant removed at 6 months after transplantation. were similarly measured.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of human C-peptide concentration in plasma and graft weight measured as a follow-up observation after in vivo transplantation of an insulin-producing cell population prepared by adding Docetaxel.
- the subcutaneously implanted insulin-producing cell population prepared with the addition of Docetaxel showed the same level of human C-peptide secretion in plasma as the insulin-producing cell population prepared without the addition of Docetaxel, which continued up to 6 months after transplantation. confirmed for sure. Graft weight at 6 months tended to be lower in insulin-producing cell populations prepared with Docetaxel added.
- Table 9 shows the number and frequency of occurrence of non-endocrine cell populations aggregated from the results of four transplantation tests conducted using the insulin-producing cell populations prepared by adding Docetaxel.
- the incidence of Outgrowth and Cyst was 73% (16/22) and 100% (22/22), respectively. 22
- the transplanted group of insulin-producing cell populations prepared by adding Docetaxel Docetaxel(+)
- 0% (0/21) and 10% (2/21) A clear reduction in the non-endocrine cell appearance rate in the strips was confirmed.
- Outgrowth shown in Table 9 refers to a population of human nucleus-positive, PDX1-negative, and Ki67-positive non-endocrine cells, the presence of which was determined by immunohistochemical staining together with morphology by HE staining.
- Cyst shown in Table 9 refers to human nucleus-positive, PDX1-positive, and CK19-positive non-endocrine ductal cells, the presence of which was determined by immunohistochemical staining along with tubular morphology by HE staining.
- the insulin-producing cell population prepared by adding Docetaxel suppresses the proliferation of non-endocrine cells and produces endocrine cells and insulin-producing cells at a high rate even in the transplanted body. Efficacy and safety were confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
iPS細胞やES細胞などの多能性幹細胞から、インスリン産生細胞や膵β細胞を分化誘導し、糖尿病の治療に応用する研究が進められている。
[1] インスリン産生細胞集団を製造する方法であって、
膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団を処理対象とし、チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物を含む培地中で培養することを含む、方法。
[2] チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物が、タキソイド系抗がん剤より選択される化合物又はその薬理学的に許容される塩である、[1]の方法。
[3] チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物が、ドセタキセル又はその薬理学的に許容される塩である、[1]又は[2]の方法。
[4] 製造されたインスリン産生細胞集団が、CHGA陽性細胞を95%以上含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかの方法。
[5] 製造されたインスリン産生細胞集団が、CHGA陰性かつKi67陽性細胞を0.1%以下含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかの方法。
[6] 処理対象である膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団が、多能性幹細胞を分化誘導して製造されたものである、[1]~[5]のいずれかの方法。
[7] チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物を含む、膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団の培養培地。
[8] チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物が、タキソイド系抗がん剤より選択される化合物又はその薬理学的に許容される塩である、[7]の培養培地。
[9] チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物が、ドセタキセル又はその薬理学的に許容される塩である、[7]又は[8]の培養培地。
[10] CHGA陽性細胞の割合を増大させるため、ならびに/あるいは、インスリン陽性かつNKX6.1陽性細胞の割合を増大させるために使用される、[7]~[9]のいずれかの培養培地。
[10-1] インスリン産生細胞集団を増殖因子を含む培地中で培養することを含む、前記インスリン産生細胞集団における非内分泌系細胞を検出する方法。
[10-2] インスリン産生細胞集団を上皮成長因子(Epidermal Growth Factor;EGF)又はそれと同等もしくは類似の活性を有する物質を含む培地中で培養することを含む、前記インスリン産生細胞集団における非内分泌系細胞を検出する方法。
[11] インスリン産生細胞集団を上皮成長因子(EGF)を含む培地中で培養することを含む、前記インスリン産生細胞集団における非内分泌系細胞を検出する方法。
[12] 非内分泌系細胞が、CHGA陰性かつPDX1陽性細胞及び/又はCHGA陰性かつPDX1陰性細胞である、[11]の方法。
[13] 非内分泌系細胞を除去する方法であって、
膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団を処理対象とし、チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物を含む培地中で培養することを含む、方法。
[13-1] インスリン産生細胞集団における非内分泌系細胞を検出するために使用される、増殖因子を含むインスリン産生細胞集団の培養培地。
[13-2] インスリン産生細胞集団における非内分泌系細胞を検出するために使用される、上皮成長因子(Epidermal Growth Factor;EGF)又はそれと同等もしくは類似の活性を有する物質を含むインスリン産生細胞集団の培養培地。
[14] インスリン産生細胞集団における非内分泌系細胞を検出するために使用される、EGFを含むインスリン産生細胞集団の培養培地。
本明細書は本願の優先権の基礎である2021年2月9日に出願された日本国特許出願2021-019120号の明細書等に記載される内容を包含する。
本明細書で引用した全ての刊行物、特許および特許出願をそのまま参考として本明細書にとりいれるものとする。
以下、本明細書において記載される用語について説明する。
本発明は、多能性幹細胞から分化誘導して得られた膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団をインスリン産生細胞集団に分化誘導する工程において、膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団を微小管阻害剤で処理することを含む、インスリン産生細胞集団を製造する方法、ならびにそれによって作製されたインスリン産生細胞集団を提供する。
工程1)多能性幹細胞から胚体内胚葉細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程2)胚体内胚葉細胞から原腸管細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程3)原腸管細胞から後方前腸細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程4)後方前腸細胞から膵前駆細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程5)膵前駆細胞から膵内分泌前駆細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程6)膵内分泌前駆細胞からインスリン産生細胞へと分化誘導する。
以下、各工程を説明するが、各細胞への分化誘導はこれらの手法に限定されない。
多能性幹細胞は、低用量のアクチビンAを含む培地中で培養して、胚体内胚葉細胞に分化させる。
「インスリンが作用する条件」とは、インスリンによって細胞におけるインスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化を生じる条件を意味する。通常、インスリンは、細胞膜表面上に存在するインスリンレセプターと結合し、レセプターに内在するチロシンキナーゼを活性化させ、インスリンレセプター基質タンパクファミリー(IRS:IRS-1,2,3)をチロシンリン酸化する。本明細書において「インスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化を生じる」とは、インスリンとインスリンレセプターとの結合により開始されるこれら一連の反応が生じることをいう。
また、培養開始時の細胞数は、特に限定されないが、3次元培養であれば、約1万~100万細胞個/mL、好ましくは約10万~80万細胞個/mL、より好ましくは約30万~60万細胞個/mLとすることができる。
「インスリンが作用しない条件」とは、インスリンによる細胞におけるインスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化が生じない条件を意味する。「細胞におけるインスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化を生じない」とは、当該インスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化が全く生じないことを意味するだけでなく、インスリン非存在下における当該インスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化と比べて有意な差が認められない程度のわずかな活性化しか生じない場合も意味するものである。したがって、「インスリンが作用しない条件」とは、例えば、培地中にインスリンが含まれないこと、あるいは、培地中にインスリンが含まれる場合であっても、その量が前記有意な差が認められない程度のわずかな活性化しか生じない量で含まれる条件が挙げられる。あるいは、培地中にインスリンが含まれる場合であっても、一緒にインスリンシグナル阻害剤を含むことによって、前記インスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化が生じない場合も意味する。「インスリンシグナル阻害剤」は、インスリンシグナル伝達経路をいずれかの位置で遮断することが可能な成分を意味する。このようなインスリンシグナル阻害剤としては、インスリン、インスリンレセプター、シグナル伝達物質として作用する各種タンパク質等に結合して又は競合し、これら因子が関与する分子間の相互作用を阻害するポリペプチドや化合物等が挙げられる。例えば、このようなインスリンシグナル阻害剤としては、PI3キナーゼの触媒サブユニットへのATP結合を競合阻害するLY294002[2-(4-モルホリニル)-8-フェニル-4H-1-ベンゾピラン-4-オン]等が挙げられる。インスリンシグナル阻害剤はこれらに限定されるものではなく、インスリン、インスリンレセプター、シグナル伝達物質として作用する各種タンパク質に結合する抗体やそれらのドミナントネガティブ型変異体、ならびにインスリンレセプターやシグナル伝達物質として作用する各種タンパク質のmRNAに対するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドやsiRNA等もインスリンシグナル阻害剤として使用することができる。インスリンシグナル阻害剤は、商業的に入手可能であるか公知の方法に従って合成することができる。
工程1)で得られた胚体内胚葉細胞を、さらに増殖因子を含む培地で培養して原腸管細胞に分化誘導する。培養期間は2日~8日、好ましくは約4日である。
工程2)で得られた原腸管細胞を、さらに増殖因子、シクロパミン、ノギン等を含む培地で培養し、後方前腸細胞に分化誘導する。培養期間は1日~5日、好ましくは約2日程度である。培養は2次元培養及び3次元培養のいずれで行ってもよい。
また培地にはジメチルスルホキシドを添加してもよい。
工程3)で得られた後方前腸細胞を、さらにCDK8/19阻害活性を有する因子を含む培地、好ましくはCDK8/19阻害活性を有する因子と増殖因子を含む培地で培養し、膵前駆細胞に分化誘導してもよい。培養期間は2日~10日、好ましくは約5日程度である。培養は2次元培養及び3次元培養のいずれで行ってもよい。2次元培養の場合には、工程3)で得られた後方前腸細胞を、既報(Toyoda et al.,Stem cell Research(2015)14,185-197)に従い、0.25%トリプシン-EDTAで処理後にピペッティングすることにより分散させ、得られた分散液を遠心分離に付し、回収した細胞を工程4)の新しい培地に再懸濁し、その細胞懸濁液を新しい2次元培養容器に再播種する。
培養は2次元培養及び3次元培養のいずれで行ってもよい。
工程4)で得られた膵前駆細胞を、さらに増殖因子を含む培地で培養して膵内分泌前駆細胞に分化誘導する。培養は2次元培養及び3次元培養のいずれで行ってもよい。2次元培養の場合には、工程4)で得られた膵前駆細胞を、0.25%トリプシン-EDTAで処理後にピペッティングすることにより分散させ、得られた分散液を遠心分離に付し、回収した細胞を工程5)の新しい培地に再懸濁し、その細胞懸濁液を新しい2次元培養容器に再播種する。培養期間は2日~3日、好ましくは約2日である。
工程5)で得られた膵内分泌前駆細胞を、さらにFGFR1阻害剤を含む培地で培養してインスリン産生細胞に分化誘導する。培養期間は10日~30日、好ましくは約10~20日である。
本発明は、微小管阻害剤を含む、膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団の培養培地を提供する。
本発明はまた、多能性幹細胞から分化誘導して得られた膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団を、微小管阻害剤で処理することを含む、非内分泌系細胞の除去方法に関するものである。
微小管阻害剤による、多能性幹細胞から分化誘導して得られた膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団の処理は、上記定義のとおり行うことができる。
1.方法
(1)インスリン産生細胞集団の作製
Ff-I14s04 iPS細胞株からインスリン産生細胞集団への分化誘導は、上記工程1)~6)や既報(Nature Biotechnology 2014;32:1121-1133)に従い、バイオリアクター及び多孔プレートを用いた3次元培養法により実施した。すなわち、iPS細胞をインスリンが作用する条件下で分化誘導因子(GSK3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤及び低用量のアクチビンA)を含む培地(DMEM/1%B-27(INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin/ジメチルスルホキシド)で第1の培養を行い、続いて、インスリンが作用しない条件下で分化誘導因子(低用量のアクチビンA)を含む培地(DMEM/1%B-27(INS-)/Penisilin Streptomycin/ジメチルスルホキシド)で第2の培養を行い、胚体内胚葉細胞集団を得た。さらに、その胚体内胚葉細胞集団から分化誘導して得られた膵内分泌前駆細胞集団を分化誘導因子(ALK5インヒビターII、T3、LDN、γ-secretase阻害剤RO、アスコルビン酸)とFGF受容体1阻害剤(PD-166866)を含む培地(Improved MEM/1%B-27(INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin)で培養して、インスリン産生細胞集団を得た。バイオリアクターから多孔プレートへの切り替えは工程6)にて実施した。
インスリン産生細胞集団を、基礎培地(MCDB131/20mM Glucose/NaHCO3/FAF-BSA/ITS-X/Glutamax/Penisilin Streptomycin)にて4週間延長培養を行った。目的外細胞の増殖を促す目的でEGFを添加する場合は、終濃度が50ng/mLとなるように基礎培地に添加して培養を行った。
延長培養開始前及び終了後のインスリン産生細胞集団のマーカータンパク質発現(PDX1、CHGA)をフローサイトメトリーにより測定した。各サンプルは、別々の培養容器からサンプリングを行った。細胞数については、フローサイトメトリー用のサンプル調整時に自動セルカウンターにて測定し、多孔プレート 1wellあたりの総細胞数を算出した。また、得られた総細胞数及びフローサイトメトリーの結果より、CHGA陽性細胞数、PDX1陽性かつCHGA陰性細胞数、PDX1陰性かつCHGA陰性細胞数を算出した。
(1)マーカータンパク質発現及び細胞数の評価
フローサイトメトリーによる測定結果及び細胞数を図1及び表2に示す。延長培養前は大部分がCHGA陽性の内分泌細胞であった。EGFを含まない基礎培地で4週間延長培養を行っても大部分がCHGA陽性細胞であることに変化はなかった。しかし、EGFを含む基礎培地で延長培養を行ったところ、PDX1陽性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1+/CHGA-)ならびにPDX1陰性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1-/CHGA-)の非内分泌系細胞の割合が顕著に増加した。また、これら非内分泌系細胞は割合だけでなく、細胞数としても増加が確認された。非内分泌系細胞の増加に伴い、EGFを含む基礎培地中での延長培養後の総細胞数も増加した。一方で、CHGA陽性の内分泌系細胞の細胞数には大きな変化はなかった。
1.方法
(1)Cisplatin又はDocetaxel処理を誘導工程に含むインスリン産生細胞集団の作製
QHJI-I14s04 iPS細胞株からインスリン産生細胞集団への分化誘導は、上記工程1)~6)や既報(Nature Biotechnology 2014;32:1121-1133)に従い、バイオリアクターを用いた3次元培養法により実施した。すなわち、iPS細胞をインスリンが作用する条件下で分化誘導因子(GSK3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤及び低用量のアクチビンA)を含む培地(DMEM/1%B-27(INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin/ジメチルスルホキシド)で第1の培養を行い、続いて、インスリンが作用しない条件下で分化誘導因子(低用量のアクチビンA)を含む培地(DMEM/1%B-27(INS-)/Penisilin Streptomycin/ジメチルスルホキシド)で第2の培養を行い胚体内胚葉細胞集団を得た。さらに、その胚体内胚葉細胞集団から分化誘導して得られた膵内分泌前駆細胞集団を分化誘導因子(ALK5インヒビターII、T3、LDN、γ-secretase阻害剤RO、アスコルビン酸)とFGF受容体1阻害剤(PD-166866)を含む培地(Improved MEM/1%B-27(INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin)で培養して、インスリン産生細胞集団を得た。Cisplatin又はDocetaxelを処理する場合は、工程6)開始後4日目から培養終了(11日目)までの7日間、終濃度3μM Cisplatin又は終濃度1μM Docetaxelとなるように培地に添加して誘導を行った。
Cisplatin又はDocetaxel添加して得られたインスリン産生細胞集団を、終濃度50ng/mLのEGFを含む基礎培地(MCDB131/20mM Glucose/NaHCO3/FAF-BSA/ITS-X/Glutamax/Penisilin Streptomycin)にて4週間延長培養を行った。Cisplatin及びDocetaxelを添加せず得られたインスリン産生細胞集団をcontrol細胞集団とし、同様に延長培養を行った。
延長培養開始前及び終了後の各インスリン産生細胞集団のマーカータンパク質発現(PDX1、CHGA、Ki67)をフローサイトメトリーにより測定した。延長培養終了後のサンプルについては、同じ培養容器から3回サンプリングを行った。細胞数については、フローサイトメトリー用のサンプル調整時に自動セルカウンターにて測定し、バイオリアクター 1mLあたりの総細胞数を算出した。また、得られた総細胞数及びフローサイトメトリーの結果より、CHGA陽性細胞数、PDX1陽性かつCHGA陰性細胞数、PDX1陰性かつCHGA陰性細胞数を算出した。
(1)マーカータンパク質発現及び細胞数の評価
フローサイトメトリーによる測定結果及び細胞数を図2、図3及び表3、4、5に示す。Control細胞集団は、延長培養前は大部分がCHGA陽性の内分泌細胞であったが、EGFを含む基礎培地で延長培養を行ったところ、PDX1陽性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1+/CHGA-)ならびにPDX1陰性/CHGA陰性(PDX1-/CHGA-)の非内分泌系細胞の割合が顕著に増加した。
Cisplatin添加細胞集団(+Cisplatin)は、control細胞集団(Control)に対して、EGFを含む延長培養後のPDX1陽性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1+/CHGA-)細胞の割合に大きな変化は認められなかったが、PDX1陰性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1-/CHGA-)細胞の割合が大幅に減少した。
Docetaxel添加細胞集団(+Docetaxel)は、control細胞集団に対して、EGFを含む延長培養後のPDX1陽性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1+/CHGA-)ならびにPDX1陰性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1-/CHGA-)の割合がどちらも大幅に減少した。
1.方法
(1)Docetaxel処理を誘導工程に含むインスリン産生細胞集団の作製
QHJI-I14s04 iPS細胞株からインスリン産生細胞への分化誘導は、上記工程1)~6)や既報(Nature Biotechnology 2014;32:1121-1133)に従い、バイオリアクターおよび多孔プレートを用いた3次元培養法により実施した。すなわち、iPS細胞をインスリンが作用する条件下で分化誘導因子(GSK3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤及び低用量のアクチビンA)を含む培地(DMEM/1%B-27(INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin/ジメチルスルホキシド)で第1の培養を行い、続いて、インスリンが作用しない条件下で分化誘導因子(低用量のアクチビンA)を含む培地(DMEM/1%B-27(INS-)/Penisilin Streptomycin/ジメチルスルホキシド)で第2の培養を行い胚体内胚葉細胞を得た。さらに、その胚体内胚葉細胞から分化誘導して得られた膵内分泌前駆細胞集団を分化誘導因子(ALK5インヒビターII、T3、LDN、γ-secretase阻害剤RO、アスコルビン酸)とFGF受容体1阻害剤(PD-166866)を含む培地(MCDB131/20mM Glucose/NaHCO3/FAF-BSA/ITS-X/Glutamax/Penisilin Streptomycin)で培養して、インスリン産生細胞集団を得た。バイオリアクターから多孔プレートへの切り替えは工程6)にて実施した。Docetaxelを処理する場合は、工程6)開始後4日目から培養終了(11日目)までの7日間、終濃度が1、3又は10μMとなるように培地に添加して誘導を行った。
培養終了後の各インスリン産生細胞集団のマーカータンパク質発現(NKX6.1、C-peptide(Insulin)、CHGA、及びKi67)をフローサイトメトリーにより測定した。各サンプルは、別々の培養容器からサンプリングを行った。細胞数については、フローサイトメトリー用のサンプル調整時に自動セルカウンターにて測定し、多孔プレート 1wellあたりの総細胞数を算出した。
(1)マーカータンパク質発現および細胞数の評価
フローサイトメトリーによる測定結果および細胞数を図4に示す。control細胞集団に対して、1μMのDocetaxelを処理した細胞集団(+Docetaxel)は、膵β細胞への成熟が予想されるINS陽性かつNKX6.1陽性細胞の割合が10%程度増加した。この作用は、Docetaxelの濃度を10μMまで上げても変化しなかった。また、総細胞数についてはDocetaxel処理による変化は認められなかった。
1.方法
(1)インスリン産生細胞を含む細胞集団にDocetaxel処理を施したインスリン産生細胞集団の作製
QHJI-I14s04 iPS細胞株からインスリン産生細胞集団への分化誘導は、上記工程1)~6)や既報(Nature Biotechnology 2014;32:1121-1133)に従い、バイオリアクターを用いた3次元培養法により実施した。すなわち、iPS細胞をインスリンが作用する条件下で分化誘導因子(GSK3β阻害剤、ROCK阻害剤及び低用量のアクチビンA)を含む培地(DMEM/1%B-27(INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin/ジメチルスルホキシド)で第1の培養を行い、続いて、インスリンが作用しない条件下で分化誘導因子(低用量のアクチビンA)を含む培地(DMEM/1%B-27(INS-)/Penisilin Streptomycin/ジメチルスルホキシド)で第2の培養を行い胚体内胚葉細胞集団を得た。さらに、その胚体内胚葉細胞集団から分化誘導して得られた膵内分泌前駆細胞集団を分化誘導因子(ALK5インヒビターII、T3、LDN、γ-secretase阻害剤RO、アスコルビン酸)とFGF受容体1阻害剤(PD-166866)を含む培地(Improved MEM/1%B-27(INS+)/Penisilin Streptomycin)で7日間培養して得られた(工程6開始後7日目に得られた)細胞集団に対し、工程6)の培養終了(11日目)までの4日間、終濃度1μM Docetaxelとなるよう培地に添加して引き続き誘導を行った。バイオリアクターから多孔プレートへの切り替えを工程6)にて実施した。
上記の手法により得られた細胞集団(+Docetaxel 7日目から4日間)を、終濃度50ng/mLのEGFを含む基礎培地(MCDB131/20mM Glucose/NaHCO3/FAF-BSA/ITS-X/Glutamax/Penisilin Streptomycin)にて4週間延長培養を行った。Docetaxelを添加せず得られたインスリン産生細胞集団(Control)、また、Docetaxelの処理を工程6)開始後4日目から培養終了(11日目)までの7日間とした以外は同様にして作製された細胞集団(+Docetaxel 4日目から7日間)についても、それぞれ同様に延長培養を行った。
延長培養開始前及び終了後の各細胞集団のマーカータンパク質発現(PDX1、CHGA)をフローサイトメトリーにより測定した。工程6)開始後7日目に得られた細胞集団のマーカータンパク質発現(NKX6.1、C-peptide(Insulin)、PDX1、及びCHGA)についてもフローサイトメトリーにより測定した。各サンプルは、別々の培養容器からサンプリングを行った。細胞数については、フローサイトメトリー用のサンプル調整時に自動セルカウンターにて測定し、多孔プレート1wellあたりの総細胞数を算出した。
(1)マーカータンパク質発現及び細胞数の評価
フローサイトメトリーによる測定結果及び細胞数を図5及び表6、7、8に示す。
工程6)開始後7日目に得られた細胞集団におけるマーカータンパク質発現の測定結果を、図5(A)に示す。当該細胞集団においては、インスリン、NKX6.1、PDX1、CHGAについて陽性の細胞が多く含まれことが確認された(インスリン及びNKX6.1の両マーカーを発現するインスリン産生細胞は30%超える割合で存在し、また、CHGA及びPDX1の両マーカーを発現する細胞はおよそ90%の割合で存在した)。
Controlの細胞集団は、延長培養前は大部分がCHGA陽性の内分泌細胞であったが、EGFを含む基礎培地で延長培養を行ったところ、PDX1陽性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1+/CHGA-)ならびにPDX1陰性/CHGA陰性(PDX1-/CHGA-)の非内分泌系細胞の割合が顕著に増加した。
Docetaxel添加細胞集団は、「+Docetaxel 7日目から4日間」及び「+Docetaxel 4日目から7日間」のいずれの細胞集団においてもControlの細胞集団に対して、EGFを含む延長培養後のPDX1陽性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1+/CHGA-)ならびにPDX1陰性かつCHGA陰性(PDX1-/CHGA-)の割合がどちらも大幅に減少した。
また、インスリン産生細胞集団を分化誘導する過程において、膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及びそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団を、Docetaxelといったタキソイド系抗がん剤で処理することによって、非内分泌系細胞を低減し、内分泌細胞やインスリン産生細胞を高い割合で含むインスリン産生細胞集団を製造できることが明らかとなった。
1.方法
(1)Docetaxelを添加し作製したインスリン産生細胞集団の生体内移植
ストレプトゾトシンによりインスリン欠乏性の糖尿病を誘発させた免疫不全NOD/SCIDマウスを準備し、上記実施例2に記載の方法によりDocetaxelを添加し作製したインスリン産生細胞集団をFibrinゲルに分散させ、それを当該マウスに皮下移植した。移植後、経時的に血漿中ヒトC-ペプチド濃度を測定した。移植6か月後の時点で移植片を摘出し、重量を測定した。対照として、Docetaxelを添加せず作製したインスリン産生細胞集団を当該マウスに皮下移植し、経時的に血漿中ヒトC-ペプチド濃度を、ならびに移植6か月後の時点で摘出された移植片の重量を、それぞれ同様に測定した。
摘出した移植片を固定、脱水後にパラフィン切片を作製し、HE染色および目的タンパク質発現(インスリン、グルカゴン、Ki67、ヒト核、PDX1、CK19)のための免疫組織染色を実施し、その形態や染色像を元に非内分泌細胞の有無を確認した。移植片中の非内分泌細胞の出現数や出現頻度は、同一処理の複数バッチ由来の細胞で4試験実施した際の合計数として集計した。
(1)Docetaxelを添加し作製したインスリン産生細胞集団の生体内
移植後の経過観察として測定した血漿中ヒトC-ペプチド濃度および移植片重量の結果を図6に示す。皮下移植されたDocetaxelを添加し作製したインスリン産生細胞集団は、Docetaxelを添加せず作製したインスリン産生細胞集団と同程度の血漿中ヒトC-ペプチド分泌が認められ、それは移植後6ヶ月後まで継続的に確認された。6か月時点での移植片重量は、Docetaxelを添加し作製したインスリン産生細胞集団において低い傾向が観察された。
移植6か月後の移植片の免疫組織染色の結果において、Docetaxelを添加し作製したインスリン産生細胞集団の移植片においては、インスリン陽性、グルカゴン陽性の細胞が移植片の全体にわたって多く確認された一方、Ki67陽性の細胞はわずかに点在する程度であった。それに対して、Docetaxelを添加せず作製したインスリン産生細胞集団の移植片においては、インスリン陽性、グルカゴン陽性細胞の存在とともに、多くのKi67陽性細胞が出現することが確認された。
Claims (14)
- インスリン産生細胞集団を製造する方法であって、
膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団を処理対象とし、チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物を含む培地中で培養することを含む、方法。 - チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物が、タキソイド系抗がん剤より選択される化合物又はその薬理学的に許容される塩である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物が、ドセタキセル又はその薬理学的に許容される塩である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 製造されたインスリン産生細胞集団が、CHGA陽性細胞を95%以上含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 製造されたインスリン産生細胞集団が、CHGA陰性かつKi67陽性細胞を0.1%以下含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 処理対象である膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団が、多能性幹細胞を分化誘導して製造されたものである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物を含む、膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団の培養培地。
- チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物が、タキソイド系抗がん剤より選択される化合物又はその薬理学的に許容される塩である、請求項7に記載の培養培地。
- チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物が、ドセタキセル又はその薬理学的に許容される塩である、請求項7又は8に記載の培養培地。
- CHGA陽性細胞の割合を増大させるため、ならびに/あるいは、インスリン陽性かつNKX6.1陽性細胞の割合を増大させるために使用される、請求項7~9のいずれか一項に記載の培養培地。
- インスリン産生細胞集団を上皮成長因子(EGF)を含む培地中で培養することを含む、前記インスリン産生細胞集団における非内分泌系細胞を検出する方法。
- 非内分泌系細胞が、CHGA陰性かつPDX1陽性細胞及び/又はCHGA陰性かつPDX1陰性細胞である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 非内分泌系細胞を除去する方法であって、
膵内分泌前駆細胞集団及び/又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団を処理対象とし、チューブリンの重合促進活性及び/又は脱重合阻害活性を有する化合物を含む培地中で培養することを含む、方法。 - インスリン産生細胞集団における非内分泌系細胞を検出するために使用される、EGFを含むインスリン産生細胞集団の培養培地。
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