WO2023210578A1 - Alk5阻害活性とcdk8/19阻害活性とを有する成熟化剤 - Google Patents
Alk5阻害活性とcdk8/19阻害活性とを有する成熟化剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023210578A1 WO2023210578A1 PCT/JP2023/016110 JP2023016110W WO2023210578A1 WO 2023210578 A1 WO2023210578 A1 WO 2023210578A1 JP 2023016110 W JP2023016110 W JP 2023016110W WO 2023210578 A1 WO2023210578 A1 WO 2023210578A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an insulin-positive cell population from pluripotent stem cells. More specifically, a pancreatic progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells or a cell population at a subsequent differentiation stage is treated with cyclin-dependent kinase 8 and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 19 (hereinafter referred to as “CDK8
- CDK8 cyclin-dependent kinase 8 and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 19
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an insulin-positive cell population, characterized in that the present invention is made to act with a factor having an inhibitory activity against ALK5 (sometimes referred to as "ALK5") and a factor having an inhibitory activity against ALK5.
- ALK5 sometimes referred to as "ALK5"
- Non-Patent Document 1 various methods have been developed and reported for inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin-positive cell populations.
- the insulin-positive cell population obtained by inducing differentiation includes remaining relatively undifferentiated cells and malignant cells.
- a variety of cells may be included, such as transformed cells.
- ALK5 inhibitor 2-(3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,5-naphthyridine transforming growth factor - ⁇ type I receptor Kinase”, “activin receptor-like Kinase 5 inhibitor II”, “ALK5iII”, “E 616452”, “RepSox ” or “SJN 2511”.
- ALK5iII may cause irreversible changes or mutations in the genetic information of living organisms (that is, have mutagenicity).
- ALK5iII in the process of inducing differentiation, but if other ALK5 inhibitors are used instead of ALK5iII, the efficiency of inducing differentiation into the target cell population will decrease. found that insulin-positive cell populations could not be produced in the same way as ALK5iII.
- the present invention aims to find a new differentiation-inducing factor that can efficiently induce the above-mentioned differentiation and has low or no mutagenicity in place of ALK5iII, and to use the same to create pluripotent stem cells.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel method for inducing differentiation of insulin-positive cell populations.
- the present inventors discovered that in the process of inducing an insulin-positive cell population from pluripotent stem cells, a pancreatic progenitor cell population or a cell population in a subsequent differentiation stage was Instead, by acting on a factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity, insulin-positive cells, especially insulin-positive and NKX6.1-positive cells, can be efficiently induced to differentiate, It has been found that differentiation induction can be achieved that is comparable to the conventional method using ALK5iII.
- a method for producing an insulin-positive cell population comprising: Cultivating a pancreatic progenitor cell population or a cell population at a later differentiation stage in a medium containing a factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity, and causing differentiation, The method, wherein the medium is substantially free of 2-(3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,5-naphthyridine.
- the method of [1], wherein the factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity includes an ALK5 inhibitor and a CDK8/19 inhibitor.
- the CDK8/19 inhibitor is diethyl (E)-(4-(3-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acrylamido)benzyl)phosphonate, 2-(4-(4-(isoquinolin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide, 4-((2-(6-(4-methylpiperazine-1) -carbonyl)naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)amino)quinazoline-6-carbonitrile, 4-(4-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazole -3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol, 3-(2-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-ylthio)ethyl)-4-(naphthalen-1-ylsulfon
- the ALK5 inhibitor is 4-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-benzamide, 6- [2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]quinoxaline, 3-[[5-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-4-(6 -quinoxalinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methyl]benzamide, 2-fluoro-N-[[5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1 , 5-a]pyridin-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methyl]aniline, or a salt thereof.
- the CDK8/19 inhibitor is 4-((2-(6-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)amino)quinazoline-6-carbonitrile or 2-( 4-(4-(isoquinolin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide or a salt thereof, and the ALK5 inhibitor is 4-[4-(1, The method of [2], which is 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-benzamide or a salt thereof.
- pancreatic progenitor cell population or the cell population in a subsequent differentiation stage is produced by inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
- a factor with ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity contains 2-(3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,5-naphthyridine.
- the medium of [7], wherein the factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity contains an ALK5 inhibitor and a CDK8/19 inhibitor.
- the CDK8/19 inhibitor is diethyl (E)-(4-(3-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acrylamido)benzyl)phosphonate, 2-(4-(4-(isoquinolin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide, 4-((2-(6-(4-methylpiperazine-1) -carbonyl)naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)amino)quinazoline-6-carbonitrile, 4-(4-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazole -3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol, 3-(2-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-ylthio)ethyl)-4-(naphthalen-1-ylsulfon
- the ALK5 inhibitor is 4-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-benzamide, 6- [2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]quinoxaline, 3-[[5-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-4-(6 -quinoxalinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methyl]benzamide, 2-fluoro-N-[[5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1 , 5-a]pyridin-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methyl]aniline, or a salt thereof.
- the CDK8/19 inhibitor is 4-((2-(6-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)amino)quinazoline-6-carbonitrile or 2-( 4-(4-(isoquinolin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide or a salt thereof, and the ALK5 inhibitor is 4-[4-(1, The medium of [8], which is 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-benzamide or a salt thereof.
- pancreatic progenitor cell population or the cell population in a subsequent differentiation stage is produced by inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
- a new novel drug that can be used in place of ALK5iII, has low or no mutagenicity, and can efficiently induce differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into an insulin-positive cell population.
- the present invention can provide a differentiation-inducing factor, and can also provide a novel method for inducing differentiation of an insulin-positive cell population from pluripotent stem cells using the same.
- Figure 1 shows ALK5iII, a structural analog of ALK5iII (2-(3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)quinoxaline), and other representative ALK5 inhibitors (SB525334 and SB431542). ), the chemical structural formula, ALK5 inhibitory activity, and various evaluation results of mutagenicity are shown.
- Figure 2 shows an insulin-positive cell population obtained by treating a pancreatic progenitor cell population with a differentiation-inducing medium containing ALK5 inhibitor II or a non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitor (SB525334, SB431542, IN1130, EW-7197).
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the analysis results of the inhibitory activity of ALK5iII and non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitors (SB525334, SB431542, IN1130, EW-7197) against 11 types of kinases. The results are expressed as relative values, with 100% being the case where the inhibitor completely inhibits the binding between the kinase and the tracer in the kinase inhibitor binding evaluation test.
- Figure 4 shows pancreatic progenitor cell populations treated with (1) ALK5iII, (2) non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitor (SB431542), (3) CDK8/19 inhibitor (Senexin B), (4) SB431542 and Senexin B.
- A Insulin-positive and NKX6.1-positive (INSULIN + NKX6.1 + ) cell percentage of each insulin-positive cell population obtained by treatment with a differentiation-inducing medium containing a combination of (SB/Sen) with (SB/Sen) is shown.
- Flow cytometry results and graphical representation, and (B) graphical representation of total cell yield are shown.
- Figure 5 shows pancreatic progenitor cell populations treated with (1) ALK5iII, (2) non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitor (SB431542), (3) CDK8/19 inhibitor (Senexin B), (4) SB431542 and Senexin B.
- FIG. 6 shows pancreatic progenitor cell populations treated with (1) ALK5iII, (2) non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitor (SB431542), (3) CDK8/19 inhibitor (Senexin B), (4) SB431542 and Senexin B.
- Figure 7 shows that an insulin-positive cell population obtained by treating a pancreatic progenitor cell population with a differentiation-inducing medium containing (1) ALK5iII and (4) a combination of SB431542 and senexin B (SB/Sen) was transplanted.
- FIG. 2 is a graph diagram showing measurement results. Type 1 diabetes model mice in the sham-operated group (Sham) were used as a control.
- “about” or “approximately” means plus or minus 25%, 20%, 10%, 8%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, respectively, with respect to the reference value. Or it shows a value that fluctuates up to 1%. Preferably, the term “about” or “approximately” indicates a range of plus or minus 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1%, respectively, relative to a reference value.
- not using feeder cells basically means not containing feeder cells, and not using a medium preconditioned by culturing feeder cells. Therefore, the medium does not contain substances such as growth factors and cytokines secreted from feeder cells.
- feeder cell refers to a cell that is co-cultured with another type of cell to provide an environment that supports the cell and allows it to grow.
- Feeder cells may be from the same species as the cells they support or from a different species.
- human dermal fibroblasts or human embryonic stem cells may be used as feeders for human cells, primary cultures of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts may be used.
- Feeder cells can be inactivated, such as by radiation or mitomycin C treatment.
- adheresion refers to the attachment of cells to a container, e.g., attachment of cells to a sterile plastic (or coated plastic) cell culture dish or flask in the presence of an appropriate medium. It refers to the fact that Some cells cannot be maintained or grow in culture unless they are attached to a cell culture vessel. In contrast, non-adherent cells can be maintained and expanded in culture without being attached to a container.
- culture refers to maintaining, growing, and/or differentiating cells in an in vitro environment.
- “Culture” means sustaining, proliferating, and/or differentiating cells in a tissue or outside the body, eg, in a cell culture dish or flask.
- Culture includes two-dimensional culture (plane culture) and three-dimensional culture (suspension culture).
- enrich and “enrichment” refer to increasing the amount of a particular component in a composition, such as a composition of cells; “Enriched” when used to describe a composition of cells, e.g., a population of cells, means that the amount of a particular component is greater than that in the population of cells before being enriched. Refers to a cell population that is increased compared to the proportion of its constituent components.
- a composition such as a cell population can be enriched for a target cell type, such that the proportion of target cell types is compared to the proportion of target cells present within the cell population before being enriched.
- Cell populations can also be enriched for target cell types by cell selection and sorting methods known in the art.
- Cell populations can also be enriched by certain sorting or selection processes as described herein.
- the method of enriching a target cell population provides at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% of the cell population with respect to the target cell population. , 90%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99% enriched.
- deplete and “depletion” refer to reducing the amount of a particular component in a composition, such as a composition of cells; “depleted”, when used to describe the composition of a cell, e.g., a population of cells, refers to the amount of a particular component, the proportion of such component in the population of cells before it is depleted. refers to a cell population that has decreased compared to For example, a composition such as a cell population can be depleted with respect to target cell types, such that the proportion of target cell types is reduced compared to the proportion of target cells present within the cell population before being depleted. . Cell populations can also be depleted of target cell types by cell selection and sorting methods known in the art.
- Cell populations can also be depleted by certain sorting or selection processes described herein.
- the method of depleting a target cell population reduces the cell population by at least 50%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99% with respect to the target cell population. (depleted).
- purify and purification refer to removing impurities in a composition, such as a composition of cells, to make it pure with respect to specific components.
- a composition such as a cell population can be purified with respect to a target cell type, such that the proportion of target cell types is increased compared to the proportion of target cells present in the cell population prior to purification.
- Cell populations can also be purified for target cell types by cell selection and sorting methods known in the art. Cell populations can also be purified by certain sorting or selection processes as described herein. In certain embodiments of the invention, the method of purifying a target cell population provides a target cell population with a purity of at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99%. Otherwise, impurities (including contaminating cells) may be undetectable.
- the term “marker” refers to a cell antigen or its gene that is specifically expressed by a predetermined cell type, such as a “marker protein” or “marker gene.”
- the marker is a cell surface marker, in which case enrichment, isolation, and/or detection of viable cells can be performed.
- the marker can be a positive selection marker or a negative selection marker.
- Detection of a marker protein can be performed using an immunological assay using an antibody specific to the marker protein, such as ELISA, immunostaining, and flow cytometry. Detection of marker genes can be performed using nucleic acid amplification methods and/or nucleic acid detection methods known in the art, such as RT-PCR, microarrays, biochips, and the like.
- RT-PCR nucleic acid amplification methods and/or nucleic acid detection methods known in the art, such as RT-PCR, microarrays, biochips, and the like.
- RT-PCR nucleic acid amplification methods and/or nucleic acid detection methods known in the art, such as RT-PCR, microarrays, biochips, and the like.
- RT-PCR nucleic acid amplification methods and/or nucleic acid detection methods known in the art, such as RT-PCR, microarrays, biochips, and the like.
- a marker gene being “positive” means that it
- expression is defined as the transcription and/or translation of a specific nucleotide sequence driven by a promoter within a cell.
- growth factor is an endogenous protein that promotes differentiation and/or proliferation of specific cells.
- growth factors include epidermal growth factor (EGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1.
- IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 2
- IGF-2 insulin-like growth factor 2
- KGF keratinocyte growth factor
- NGF nerve growth factor
- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
- TGF- ⁇ transforming growth factor ⁇
- VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
- transferrin various interleukins (e.g., IL-1 to IL-18), various colony-stimulating factors (e.g., granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)), Included are various interferons (such as IFN- ⁇ ) and other cytokines that have effects on stem cells, such as stem cell factor (SCF) and erythropoietin (Epo).
- SCF stem cell factor
- Epo erythropoietin
- ROCK inhibitor refers to a substance that inhibits Rho kinase (ROCK: Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase), and refers to a substance that inhibits either ROCK I or ROCK II. It's okay.
- the ROCK inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it has the above function, and for example, N-(4-pyridinyl)-4 ⁇ -[(R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexane-1 ⁇ -carboxamide (herein, Y -27632), Fasudil (HA1077), (2S)-2-methyl-1-[(4-methyl-5-isoquinolinyl]sulfonyl]hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepine (H-1152) , 4 ⁇ -[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-N-(4-pyridyl)benzene-1 ⁇ -carboxamide (Wf-536), N-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl )-4PER(R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexane-1 ⁇ -carboxamide (Y-30141), N-(3- ⁇ [2-(4-amino-1,2,5
- ROCK inhibitors are not limited to these, and antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs against ROCK mRNA, antibodies that bind to ROCK, dominant negative ROCK mutants, etc. can also be used as ROCK inhibitors. are commercially available or can be synthesized according to known methods.
- a “GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor” is a substance that has inhibitory activity against GSK3 ⁇ (glycogen synthase kinase 3 ⁇ ).
- GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) is a type of serine/threonine protein kinase and is involved in many signal pathways involved in glycogen production, apoptosis, stem cell maintenance, and the like. GSK3 exists in two isoforms, ⁇ and ⁇ .
- the "GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor” used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has GSK3 ⁇ inhibitory activity, and may be a substance that has both GSK3 ⁇ inhibitory activity and GSK3 ⁇ inhibitory activity.
- CHIR98014 (2-[[2-[(5-nitro-6-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]amino]-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1H -imidazol-1-yl)pyrimidine), CHIR99021 (6-[[2-[[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-pyrimidinyl] TDZD-8 (4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione), SB216763 (3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) )-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione), TWS-119(3-[6-(3-aminophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2 , 3-d]pyrimidin-4-
- GSK3 ⁇ is not limited to these, and antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA against GSK3 ⁇ mRNA, antibodies that bind to GSK3 ⁇ , dominant negative GSK3 ⁇ mutants, etc. can also be used as GSK3 ⁇ inhibitors and are commercially available. or can be synthesized according to known methods.
- serum replacement refers to, for example, KnockOut TM Serum Replacement (KSR: Thermo Fisher Scientific), StemSure (registered trademark) Serum Replacement (Wako), B-27 supplement, N2-supplement, albumin min (e.g. lipid-rich albumin), insulin, transferrin, fatty acids, collagen precursors, trace elements (e.g. zinc, selenium (e.g. sodium selenite)), 2-mercaptoethanol, 3' thiol glycerol or mixtures thereof (e.g. ITS- G).
- Preferred serum replacements include B-27 Supplement, KSR, StemSure® Serum Replacement, and ITS-G.
- concentration in the medium is 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight. In the present invention, it is preferable to use a "serum substitute" in place of serum.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a pancreatic progenitor cell population or a cell population at a subsequent differentiation stage, which contains a factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity and substantially contains ALK5iII.
- a method of producing an insulin-positive cell population is provided, the method comprising culturing and differentiating an insulin-positive cell population in a non-insulin-free medium.
- the medium only needs to contain a factor that has ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity, and the factor is a type (or single) inhibitor that has both ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity.
- the factor may be a combination of multiple factors consisting of a factor with ALK5 inhibitory activity (ALK5 inhibitor) and a factor with CDK8/19 inhibitory activity (CDK8/19 inhibitor).
- the medium contains a combination of an ALK5 inhibitor and a CDK8/19 inhibitor.
- substantially free of ALK5iII means that ALK5iII is not contained in the medium in a manner that exhibits any activity including ALK5 inhibitory activity, and ALK5iII is not contained at all. It does not necessarily mean that. Preferably, this means that the medium of the invention does not contain any ALK5iII.
- ALK5iII includes salts and solvate forms of ALK5iII as long as they have mutagenicity.
- the term "factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity" or "CDK8/19 inhibitor” means any substance having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity.
- CDK8 is not required for cell proliferation and inhibition of CDK8 has no significant effect under normal conditions.
- CDK19 and CDK8 are similar, and inhibition of CDK8 is usually accompanied by inhibition of CDK19.
- CDK8/19 inhibitor used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has CDK8/19 inhibitory activity, and any factor that directly or indirectly inhibits the function of CDK8/19 can be used. be able to.
- CDK8/19 inhibitors conventionally known "CDK8/19 inhibitors" can be used, and such CDK8/19 inhibitors can be found in patent documents or non-patent documents.
- patent documents or non-patent documents For example, US2012/0071477, WO2015/159937, WO2015/159938, WO2013/116786, WO2014/0038958, WO2014/134169, JP2015/506376, US2015/0274726, US201 6/0000787, WO2016/009076, WO2016/0016951, WO2016/018511,
- a compound having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity or a salt thereof can be used as the "CDK8/19 inhibitor" in the present invention.
- compounds or salts thereof that have selective inhibitory activity against CDK8/19 can be suitably used.
- the CDK8/19 inhibitor that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, the following compounds or salts thereof. Furthermore, these compounds may have one or more substituents, or some partial structures (substituents, rings, etc.) may be modified as long as they have CDK8/19 inhibitory activity.
- CDK8/19 inhibitor that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, compounds 7 to 13 or salts thereof described below can be used.
- Compounds 7 to 11 are preferably free forms, and compounds 12 and 13 are preferably trifluoroacetic acid salts.
- the CDK8/19 inhibitor that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, the following compounds or salts thereof can be used: Senexin A (Cas. No. 1780390-76-2 ), UNC10112785 (N-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-4-(pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine), SEL120-34A (Cas. No. 1609452-30- 3) , MSC2530818 (Cas. No. 1883423-59-3), Cortistatin A (Cas. No. 882976-95-6), CDK8/19-IN-1 (Cas. No.
- CDK8-IN -I (4-(4-Methylnaphthalen-1-yl)-2-((3-morpholinophenyl)sulfonamido)benzoic acid), CDK8-IN-II (Cas. No. 1613638-82-6), CDK8- IN- 3 (Cas. No. 1884500-15-5), CDK8-IN-III (Cas. No. 1814891-79-6), CDK8-IN-4 (Cas. No.
- CDK8-IN -IV (Z)-16-chloro-11,21,25,61-tetramethyl-11H,21H,61H-10-oxa-4,8-dithia-1(7,3)-indola-2(4, 3), 6(3,5)-dipyrazola-9(3,1)-naphthalenacyclotridecaphane-12-carboxylic acid), CDK8/19-IN-4k (Cas. No. 1818410-84-2), CDK8/ 19- IN-18 (Cas. No.
- CDK8/19-IN-32 (7-Amino-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide), BRD6989 (Cas. No. 642008-81-9), CCT251921 (Cas. No. 1607837-31-9), CCT251545 (Cas. No. 1661839-45-7), Wogonin (Cas. No. 632-85-9) , JH-XVI-178 (Cas. No. 2648453-53-4), LY2857785 (Cas. No. 1619903-54-6), AS2863619 (Cas. No. 2241300-51-4), 3MB-PP1 (Cas. No.
- the CDK8/19 inhibitor that can be used in the present invention is 2-(4-(4-(isoquinolin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide.
- the above CDK8/19 inhibitor and its salt may be a non-solvate or a solvate.
- Solvates can be formed with solvents such as ethanol and water.
- Solvates in which the incorporated solvent is water are hydrates. Hydrates include stoichiometric hydrates as well as those containing varying amounts of water.
- salts include, for example, salts with inorganic bases, ammonium salts, salts with organic bases, salts with inorganic acids, salts with organic acids, salts with basic or acidic amino acids, etc. Can be mentioned.
- Suitable examples of salts with inorganic bases include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts, magnesium salts, and barium salts; and aluminum salts.
- salts with organic bases include salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, and the like.
- Suitable examples of salts with inorganic acids include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.
- Suitable examples of salts with organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p- Examples include salts with toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
- Suitable examples of salts with basic amino acids include salts with arginine, lysine, ornithine, and the like.
- Suitable examples of salts with acidic amino acids include salts with aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and the like. Among these salts, pharmaceutically acceptable salts are preferred.
- the CDK8/19 inhibitor in the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned compounds, but may also include antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs against CDK8/19 mRNA, antibodies that bind to CDK8/19, dominant negative CDK8/19 mutants, etc. It can be used as a CDK8/19 inhibitor.
- the above-mentioned CDK8/19 inhibitor can be used as one that is commercially available or synthesized according to a known method.
- ALK5 inhibitor used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not have mutagenicity and has inhibitory activity against ALK5 (activin receptor-like kinase 5). Any agent that inhibits function directly or indirectly can be used.
- ALK5 inhibitors can be used, and more specifically, although not particularly limited, examples include the following compounds or salts thereof. Further, these compounds may have one or more substituents, or some partial structures (substituents, rings, etc.) may be modified as long as they have ALK5 inhibitory activity.
- the ALK5 inhibitor that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, the following compounds or salts thereof can be used: Galunisertib (LY2157299) (Cas. No. 700874-72-2 ), SB505124 (Cas. No. 694433-59-5), LY364947 (Cas. No. 396129-53-6), K02288 (Cas. No. 1431985-92-0), LDN-214117 (Cas. No. 1627503) -67-6), SD-208 (Cas. No. 627536-09-8), ML347 (LDN193719) (Cas. No. 1062368-49-3), LDN-212854 (Cas. No.
- DMH1 (Cas. No. 1206711-16-1), Pirfenidone (Cas. No. 53179-13-8), LY3200882 (Cas. No. 1898283-02-7), Alantolactone (Cas. No. 546- 43-0), SIS3 (Cas. No. 1009104-85-1), Hesperetin (Cas. No. 520-33-2), Dorsomorphin (BML-275) (Cas. No.
- ALK2 -IN-2 (Cas.No.2254409-25-9), San78-130 (Cas.No.66018-45-9), TGF ⁇ RI-IN-1 (Cas.No.1950628-94-0), Crizotinib- d5 (Cas. No. 1395950-48-7), ALK-IN-1 (Cas. No. 1197958-12-5), A-77-01 (Cas. No. 607737-87-1), TAE-684 (Cas. No. 761439-42-3), D 4476 (Cas. No. 301836-43-1), Galunisertib (Cas. No. 700874-72-2), SM16 (Cas. No.
- N-Acetylpuromycin (Cas. No. 22852-13-7), TGF- ⁇ RI Kinase Inhibitor IX (Cas. No. 301836-41-9), TGF- ⁇ RI Kinase Inh ibitor VII (Cas.No.666729- 57-3), IM-412 (3-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1,7-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione), TSP-1 (LSKL, Inhibitor of Thrombospondin) (Cas. No. 283609-79-0), R268712 (Cas. No.
- LY2109761 (Cas. No. 700874-71-1), GW788388 (Cas. No. 452342-67-5), LDN-193189 ( Cas. No. 1062368-24-4), A-83-01 (Cas. No. 909910-43-6), ITD1 (Cas. No. 1099644-42-4), IWR1 (Cas. No. 1127442-82) -3), YN968D1 (Cas. No. 811803-05-1), BFH-772 (Cas. No. 890128-81-1), Regorafenib (Cas. No. 755037-03-7).
- the ALK5 inhibitor that can be used in the present invention is 4-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl. ]-benzamide, 6-[2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]quinoxaline, 3-[[5-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl) )-4-(6-quinoxalinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methyl]benzamide, 2-fluoro-N-[[5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-([1,2 , 4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methyl]aniline or a salt thereof.
- the above ALK5 inhibitor and its salt may be a non-solvate or a solvate.
- “Solvates” and “salts” include those defined above.
- ALK5 inhibitors in the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned compounds, but include antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs against ALK5 and its receptor mRNA, antibodies that bind to ALK5 and its receptors, dominant-negative ALK5 mutants, and dominant ALK5 inhibitors. Negative ALK5 receptor mutants and the like can also be used as ALK5 inhibitors.
- ALK5 inhibitor can be used as one that is commercially available or synthesized according to a known method.
- the medium contains 4-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-benzamide, 6- [2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]quinoxaline, 3-[[5-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-4-(6 -quinoxalinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methyl]benzamide, 2-fluoro-N-[[5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1 , 5-a]pyridin-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]methyl]aniline, and salts thereof; and 2-(4-(4-( isoquinolin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,
- the medium contains 4-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl] as the ALK5 inhibitor.
- - Benzamide or a salt thereof and 4-((2-(6-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)amino)quinazoline-6-carbonitrile or 2- (4-(4-(isoquinolin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide or a salt thereof.
- the "insulin-positive cell population” in the present invention means a cell population containing insulin-positive cells obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells.
- Insulin-positive cell refers to a cell characterized by the expression of an insulin marker.
- Insulin-positive cells may express markers for NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX6.1), and are preferably cells expressing both insulin and NKX6.1 markers (i.e., insulin-positive and NKX6.1 positive cells).
- Insulin-positive cells may include ⁇ cells.
- the "insulin-positive cell population” refers to a pancreatic progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells, or a cell population in a subsequent differentiation stage, which does not contain ALK5iII and has ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8 It can be obtained by culturing in a medium containing a factor having /19 inhibitory activity and causing differentiation.
- the insulin-positive cell population includes other cells (e.g., endocrine progenitor cells; other pancreatic hormone-producing cells (e.g., alpha cells, etc.) expressing at least one marker of glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. ⁇ cells, etc.); CHGA-positive cells; Ki67-positive cells; CHGA-negative cells, etc.).
- pancreatic progenitor cell population or cell population in a subsequent differentiation stage refers to pancreatic progenitor cell population, endocrine progenitor cell population, or insulin-positive cell population, or pancreatic progenitor cell population, endocrine progenitor cell population, or insulin-positive cell population. It means two or more cell populations selected from a progenitor cell population and an insulin-positive cell population.
- a pancreatic progenitor cell population or a cell population in a subsequent differentiation stage refers to a pancreatic progenitor cell population, an endocrine progenitor cell population, or both a pancreatic progenitor cell population and an endocrine progenitor cell population. means a cell population.
- pluripotency refers to the ability to differentiate into tissues and cells with various different forms and functions, and to differentiate into cells of any of the three germ layers. “Pluripotency” means that it cannot differentiate into a scutellum and therefore has no ability to form an individual, whereas “totipotency” means that it can differentiate into any tissue in the body, including the scutellum. ” is distinguished from.
- multipotency refers to the ability to differentiate into a limited number of cell lines.
- mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and neural stem cells are multipotent but not pluripotent.
- pluripotent stem cells refer to embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and similar pluripotent cells, that is, to various tissues of the body (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm). refers to cells that potentially have the ability to differentiate into all germ layers). Examples of cells having pluripotency similar to ES cells include "induced pluripotent stem cells” (sometimes referred to herein as “iPS cells”). Preferably, in the present invention, the pluripotent stem cells are human pluripotent stem cells.
- ES cells various mouse ES cell lines established by inGenius, RIKEN, etc. can be used for mouse ES cells, and for human ES cells, available from the National Institutes of Health.
- Various human ES cell lines established by NIH, RIKEN, Kyoto University, and Cellartis are available.
- ES cell lines include NIH's CHB-1 to CHB-12 lines, RUES1 line, RUES2 line, HUES1 to HUES28 line, etc., WiCell Research Institute's H1 line and H9 line, RIKEN's KhES-1 line, KhES-2 line, etc. strains, KhES-3 strain, KhES-4 strain, KhES-5 strain, SSES1 strain, SSES2 strain, SSES3 strain, etc. can be used.
- “Induced pluripotent stem cells” refer to cells obtained by reprogramming mammalian somatic cells or undifferentiated stem cells by introducing specific factors (nuclear reprogramming factors).
- specific factors nuclear reprogramming factors
- Yamanaka et al. established iPS cells by introducing four factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, into mouse fibroblasts.
- Nanog-iPS cells were established using Nanog expression as an indicator (Okita, K., Ichisaka, T. , and Yamanaka, S. (2007). Nature 448, 313-317.), iPS cells produced by a c-Myc-free method (Nakagawa M, Yamanaka S., et al.
- induced pluripotent stem cells Yu J., Thomson JA. et al., Science (2007) 318: 1917-1920.
- induced pluripotent stem cells created by Daley et al. Park IH, Daley GQ. et al., Nature (2007) 451:141-146
- induced pluripotent stem cells created by Sakurada et al. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-307007, etc.
- human iPS cell lines include RIKEN's HiPS-RIKEN-1A strain, HiPS-RIKEN-2A strain, HiPS-RIKEN-12A strain, Nips-B2 strain, Kyoto University's Ff-WJ-18 strain, and Ff- I01s01 strain, Ff-I01s02 strain, Ff-I01s04 strain, Ff-I01s06 strain, Ff-I14s03 strain, Ff-I14s04 strain, QHJI01s01 strain, QHJI01s04 strain, QHJI14s03 strain, QHJI14s04 strain 253G1 strain, 201B7 strain, 4 09B2 strain, 454E2 strain , 606A1 strain, 610B1 strain, 648A1 strain, CDI's MyCell iPS Cells (21525.102.10A) strain, My
- pancreatic progenitor cell population means a cell population containing pancreatic progenitor cells.
- pancreatic progenitor cells are characterized by the expression of the marker NKX6.1 (ie, are NKX6.1 positive).
- the pancreatic progenitor cells may further express at least one marker of PDX-1, PTF-1 ⁇ , GATA4, and SOX9.
- the pancreatic progenitor cells are characterized by the expression of NKX6.1 and PDX-1 (ie, are NKX6.1 positive and PDX-1 positive).
- the "pancreatic progenitor cell population" in the present invention is a culture after completing step 4) or step 5) in the step of inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic ⁇ cells as detailed below. This is the cell population corresponding to the culture in .
- the pancreatic progenitor cell population includes pancreatic progenitor cells in a proportion of 30% or more, preferably 40% or more, more preferably 50% or more, still more preferably 60% or more, even more preferably 70% or more. included.
- the pancreatic progenitor cell population may include other cells (eg, endocrine progenitor cells, insulin-positive cells, Ki67-positive cells, CHGA-negative cells, etc.).
- the proportion of specific cells in the cell population described herein can be determined based on a known method capable of calculating the number of cells, such as flow cytometry.
- endocrine progenitor cell population means a cell population containing endocrine progenitor cells.
- endocrine progenitor cells refer to cells characterized by the expression of at least one marker of CHGA, NeuroD, and NGN3, and the absence of expression of markers of pancreatic-related hormone systems (e.g., insulin, etc.). do.
- Endocrine progenitor cells may express markers such as PAX-4, NKX2.2, Islet-1, and PDX-1.
- the "endocrine progenitor cell population" in the present invention is a culture after completing step 5) or step 6) in the step of inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic ⁇ cells as detailed below. This is the cell population corresponding to the culture in .
- the "endocrine progenitor cell population” includes endocrine progenitor cells at a ratio of 30% or more, preferably 40% or more, more preferably 50% or more, still more preferably 60% or more, even more preferably 70% or more. included.
- the endocrine progenitor cell population may include other cells (eg, pancreatic progenitor cells, insulin-positive cells, Ki67-positive cells, CHGA-negative cells, etc.) in addition to endocrine progenitor cells.
- this differentiation stage can be broadly classified into pluripotent stem cells, definitive endoderm cells, gastrula cells, posterior foregut cells, pancreatic progenitor cells, endocrine progenitor cells, and insulin-positive cells in order of relative undifferentiation. .
- a pancreatic progenitor cell population or a cell population at a later differentiation stage can be obtained using a known method of inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin-positive cells. That is, cell populations at each desired differentiation stage can be obtained using the following differentiation induction step: Step 1) Inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to definitive endoderm cells; Step 2) Inducing differentiation from definitive endoderm cells to gastrula cells; Step 3) Inducing differentiation from gastrula cells to posterior foregut cells; Step 4) Inducing differentiation from posterior foregut cells to pancreatic progenitor cells; Step 5) Inducing differentiation from pancreatic progenitor cells to endocrine progenitor cells; Step 6) Differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells into insulin-positive cells is induced. Each step will be explained below, but the induction of differentiation into each cell is not limited to these methods.
- Step 1) Differentiation into definitive endoderm cells Pluripotent stem cells are first differentiated into definitive endoderm cells. Methods for inducing definitive endoderm from pluripotent stem cells are already known, and any of these methods may be used.
- the pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into definitive endoderm cells by being cultured in a medium containing activin A, more preferably in a medium containing activin A, a ROCK inhibitor, or a GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor.
- the number of cells at the start of culture is not particularly limited, and is 22,000 to 150,000 cells/cm 2 , preferably 22,000 to 100,000 cells/cm 2 , and more preferably 22,000 to 80,000 cells/cm 2 .
- the culture period is 1 to 4 days, preferably 1 to 3 days, particularly preferably 3 days.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but the culture is carried out at 30 to 40°C (for example, 37°C). Further, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture container is, for example, about 5%. Culture may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- the media used in this step include RPMI 1640 medium, MEM medium, iMEM medium, DMEM/F12 medium, Improved MEM Zinc Option medium, Improved MEM/1% B-27/Penisilin Streptomycin medium, MCDB131/20 medium.
- mM Glucose/ NaHCO3 / Basal media used for culturing mammalian cells can be used, such as FAF-BSA/ITS-X/GlutaMAX TM /Ascorbic Acid/Penisilin Streptomycin media.
- the concentration of activin A in the medium is usually 30 to 200 ng/mL, preferably 50 to 150 ng/mL, more preferably 70 to 120 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 100 ng/mL.
- activin A can be included in the medium at low doses, eg, in an amount of 5-100 ng/mL, preferably 5-50 ng/mL, more preferably 5-10 ng/mL.
- the concentration of activin A in the medium is about 0.1-100 ng/mL, preferably about 1-50 ng/mL, more preferably about 3-10 ng/mL.
- the concentration of the GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor used.
- the concentration is usually 2 to 5 ⁇ M, preferably 2 to 4 ⁇ M, particularly preferably about It is 3 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of ROCK inhibitor used.
- the concentration is usually 5 to 20 ⁇ M, preferably 5 to 15 ⁇ M, particularly preferably about It is 10 ⁇ M.
- Insulin can further be added to the medium.
- Insulin can be included in the medium in an amount of 0.01-20 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1-10 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.5-5 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of insulin in the medium may be, but is not limited to, the concentration of insulin contained in the added B-27 supplement.
- the cells are cultured for one day in a medium containing activin A, a ROCK inhibitor, and a GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor, and then cultured for two more days in a medium containing only activin A, while changing the medium every day.
- pluripotent stem cells are cultured in the presence of low doses of activin A in a medium containing 0.01-20 ⁇ M insulin, followed by a second culture in medium without insulin. It can be manufactured by performing the following steps.
- Step 2) Differentiation into gastrula cells
- the definitive endoderm cells obtained in step 1) are further cultured in a medium containing growth factors to induce differentiation into gastrula cells.
- the culture period is 2 to 8 days, preferably about 4 days.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but the culture is carried out at 30 to 40°C (for example, 37°C). Further, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture container is, for example, about 5%. Culture may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- a basic medium used for culturing mammalian cells can be used.
- growth factors serum substitutes, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. may be added to the medium as appropriate.
- EGF EGF, KGF, and FGF10 are preferred, EGF and/or KGF are more preferred, and KGF is even more preferred.
- the concentration of the growth factor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of growth factor used, but is usually about 0.1 nM to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably about 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M.
- the concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (i.e., about 0.8-320 nM), preferably about 5-1000 ng/mL (i.e., about 0.8-160 nM), more preferably about 10-1000 ng/mL (i.e., about 0.8-160 nM). 1000 ng/mL (ie, approximately 1.6-160 nM).
- the concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.3-116 nM), preferably about 10-1000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.6-58 nM).
- the concentration is usually 5 to 150 ng/mL, preferably 30 to 100 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 50 ng/mL.
- Step 3) Differentiation into posterior foregut cells
- the gastrula cells obtained in step 2) are further cultured in a medium containing growth factors, cyclopamine, noggin, etc., and induced to differentiate into posterior foregut cells.
- the culture period is 1 to 5 days, preferably about 2 days. Culture may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but the culture is carried out at 30 to 40°C (for example, 37°C). Further, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture container is, for example, about 5%.
- a basic medium used for culturing mammalian cells can be used.
- growth factors serum substitutes, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. may be added to the medium as appropriate.
- EGF EGF, KGF, and FGF10 are preferred, EGF and/or KGF are more preferred, and KGF is even more preferred.
- the concentration of the growth factor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of growth factor used, but is usually about 0.1 nM to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably about 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M.
- the concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (i.e., about 0.8-320 nM), preferably about 5-1000 ng/mL (i.e., about 0.8-160 nM), more preferably about 10-1000 ng/mL (i.e., about 0.8-160 nM). 1000 ng/mL (ie, approximately 1.6-160 nM).
- the concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.3-116 nM), preferably about 10-1000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.6-58 nM).
- the concentration is usually 5 to 150 ng/mL, preferably 30 to 100 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 50 ng/mL.
- the concentration of cyclopamine in the medium is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ M, preferably 0.3 to 1.0 ⁇ M, particularly preferably about 0.5 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of Noggin in the medium is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 to 200 ng/mL, preferably 50 to 150 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 100 ng/mL.
- Step 4) Differentiation into pancreatic progenitor cells
- the posterior foregut cells obtained in step 3) are further treated in a medium containing a factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity, preferably a factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity and a growth factor.
- the culture period is 2 to 10 days, preferably about 5 days. Culture may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- the posterior foregut cells obtained in step 3 were incubated with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA solution.
- the cells are treated and dispersed in the liquid by pipetting to obtain a cell dispersion, the resulting dispersion is centrifuged, the collected cells are resuspended in a small amount of new medium, and the cell suspension is Re-seeded in the new medium in step 4).
- a basic medium used for culturing mammalian cells can be used.
- growth factors serum substitutes, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. may be added to the medium as appropriate.
- the various compounds or salts thereof mentioned above can be used, and the amount added to the medium is determined as appropriate depending on the compound or salt thereof used, but it is usually about 0.00001 ⁇ M. ⁇ 5 ⁇ M, preferably 0.00001 ⁇ M to 1 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of the factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity in the medium is preferably a concentration that achieves 50% or more inhibitory activity against CDK8/19.
- EGF EGF, KGF, and FGF10 are preferred, KGF and/or EGF are more preferred, and KGF and EGF are even more preferred.
- the concentration of the growth factor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of growth factor used, but is usually about 0.1 nM to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably about 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M.
- the concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (i.e., about 0.8-320 nM), preferably about 5-1000 ng/mL (i.e., about 0.8-160 nM), more preferably about 10-1000 ng/mL (i.e., about 0.8-160 nM). 1000 ng/mL (ie, approximately 1.6-160 nM).
- the concentration is about 5-2000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.3-116 nM), preferably about 10-1000 ng/mL (ie, about 0.6-58 nM).
- the concentrations are usually 5 to 150 ng/mL for EGF, preferably 30 to 100 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 50 ng/mL, and 10 to 200 ng/mL for KGF.
- it is 50 to 150 ng/mL, particularly preferably about 100 ng/mL.
- the first day of culturing in step 4) may be carried out in the presence of a ROCK inhibitor, and thereafter culturing may be carried out in a medium containing no ROCK inhibitor.
- the medium may contain a protein kinase C (PKC) activator.
- PKC protein kinase C
- PDBu PKC activator II
- TPB PKC activator V
- the PKC activator is added at a concentration of about 0.1 to 100 ng/mL, preferably about 1 to 50 ng/mL, more preferably about 3 to 10 ng/mL.
- dimethyl sulfoxide and/or activin (1 to 50 ng/mL) may be added to the medium.
- a serum substitute eg, B-27 supplement, ITS-G
- amino acids, L-glutamine, GlutaMAX (product name) may be added to the medium.
- antibiotics e.g. Antibiotic-Antimycotic, penicillin, streptomycin, or mixtures thereof
- antibacterial agents For example, amphotericin B
- antioxidants pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts, etc.
- concentration in the medium is usually 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight.
- Culture may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- cell culture is performed by adhesive culture without using feeder cells.
- culture containers such as dishes, flasks, microplates, and cell culture sheets such as OptiCell (product name) (Nunc) are used.
- Culture vessels may be surface treated to improve adhesion (hydrophilicity) with cells, collagen, gelatin, poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine, laminin, fibronectin, Matrigel (e.g. BD Matrigel (Japan)). It is preferably coated with a cell adhesion substrate such as Becton Dickinson, Inc.) or vitronectin.
- a culture vessel coated with type I collagen, Matrigel, fibronectin, vitronectin, poly-D-lysine, etc. is preferable, and a culture vessel coated with Matrigel or poly-D-lysine is more preferable.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but the culture is carried out at 30 to 40°C (for example, 37°C). Further, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture container is, for example, about 5%.
- the pancreatic progenitor cells obtained in step 4) can be further purified using a known surface marker such as glycoprotein 2 (GP2).
- GP2 glycoprotein 2
- the above purification can be performed by a method known per se, for example, using beads on which anti-GP2 antibodies are immobilized.
- Step 5) Differentiation into endocrine progenitor cells
- the pancreatic progenitor cells obtained in step 4) are further cultured in a medium containing growth factors to induce differentiation into endocrine progenitor cells.
- Culture may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture.
- the pancreatic progenitor cells obtained in step 4) are treated with a 0.25% trypsin-EDTA solution and dispersed in the solution by pipetting to obtain a cell dispersion, The resulting dispersion is centrifuged, the collected cells are resuspended in a small amount of new medium, and the cell suspension is re-inoculated into the new medium in step 5).
- the culture period is 2 to 3 days, preferably about 2 days.
- a basic medium used for culturing mammalian cells can be used.
- SANT1, retinoic acid, ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, and LDN were added to the medium, and further Wnt inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor, and FGF (preferably FGF2) were added.
- Wnt inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor, and FGF preferably FGF2
- serum substitutes, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. may be added as appropriate.
- the ALK5 inhibitor II conventionally used in step 5 is substantially eliminated. Do not include, preferably do not use.
- the culture is performed in a non-adhesive manner without using feeder cells. During culture, dishes, flasks, microplates, porous plates (Nunc), etc., or bioreactors are used.
- the culture container is preferably surface-treated to reduce adhesion to cells.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but the culture is carried out at 30 to 40°C (for example, 37°C). Further, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture container is, for example, about 5%.
- the endocrine progenitor cells obtained in step 5) can be further purified using a known surface marker such as glycoprotein 2 (GP2).
- GP2 glycoprotein 2
- the above purification can be performed by a method known per se, for example, using beads on which anti-GP2 antibodies are immobilized.
- Step 6) Differentiation into insulin-positive cells
- the endocrine progenitor cells obtained in step 5) are further cultured in a medium containing growth factors to induce differentiation into insulin-positive cells.
- the culture period is 10 to 30 days, preferably about 10 to 20 days.
- a basic medium used for culturing mammalian cells can be used.
- the medium contained ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor XX, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, N-cysteine, AXL inhibitor, and ascorbic acid according to a previous report (Nature Biotechnology 2014; 32:1121-1133).
- Wnt inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, FGF (preferably FGF2), serum substitutes, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. may be added as appropriate.
- the medium may be supplemented with ALK5 inhibitor II, T3, LDN, the ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, and ascorbic acid, or T3, ALK5 inhibitor II, ZnSO 4 , heparin, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, and R428 may also be added.
- the ALK5 inhibitor II conventionally used in step 6 is substantially eliminated. Do not include, preferably do not use.
- the culture may be performed by either two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional culture. Culture does not use feeder cells. In the case of three-dimensional culture, non-adhesive culture is used. During culture, dishes, flasks, microplates, porous plates (Nunc), etc., or bioreactors are used.
- the culture container is preferably surface-treated to reduce adhesion to cells.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but the culture is carried out at 30 to 40°C (for example, 37°C). Further, the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture container is, for example, about 5%.
- "medium containing a factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity” includes a factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity, and a factor that inhibits ALK5 activity and CDK8/19 activity. It can be included in any amount possible.
- the factor is a combination of multiple factors consisting of an ALK5 inhibitor and a CDK8/19 inhibitor
- the ALK5 inhibitor and CDK8/19 inhibitor may be any combination of factors capable of inhibiting the activity of each target. can be included in the amount of each.
- the ALK5 inhibitor can be included in the medium in an amount of 10 ⁇ M or less, 5 ⁇ M or less, 4 ⁇ M or less, 3 ⁇ M or less, 2 ⁇ M or less, or 1 ⁇ M or less, and the lower limit of the amount added is not particularly limited, but 0.1 nM Above, it can be 0.2 nM or more, 0.3 nM or more, 0.4 nM or more, or 0.5 nM or more.
- the amount of the ALK5 inhibitor added is 10 ⁇ M or less, 0.1 nM or more, preferably 5 ⁇ M or less, 0.1 nM or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ M or more, 0.1 nM or more, for example, less than 4 ⁇ M, 0.1 nM or more, 3 ⁇ M or less. .3 nM or more.
- the CDK8/19 inhibitor can be included in the medium in an amount of 10 ⁇ M or less, 5 ⁇ M or less, 4 ⁇ M or less, 3 ⁇ M or less, 2 ⁇ M or less, or 1 ⁇ M or less, and the lower limit of the amount added is not particularly limited. , 0.1 nM or more, 0.2 nM or more, 0.3 nM or more, 0.4 nM or more, or 0.5 nM or more.
- the amount of the CDK8/19 inhibitor added is 10 ⁇ M or less, 0.1 nM or more, preferably 5 ⁇ M or more, 0.1 nM or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ M or more, 0.1 nM or more, for example, less than 1 ⁇ M, 0.1 nM or more. be.
- culture of a pancreatic progenitor cell population obtained by inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells or a cell population at a subsequent differentiation stage in a medium containing a factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity. can be carried out for at least 12 hours, preferably 24 hours or more, 2 days or more, 4 days or more, 8 days or more, 10 days or more, or 15 days or more.
- Cultivation in a medium containing the factor is preferably carried out for 4 days or more. It is possible to replace the medium containing the factor, and according to the culture schedule, it can be replaced with a medium having the same composition as before the change to which the factor was added or a medium having a different composition.
- “culturing and differentiating in a medium containing a factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity” refers to the step of culturing in a medium containing the factor and differentiation into the desired cell population.
- the medium containing factors having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity and the medium used to differentiate the cell population may be separate, or the medium used in the differentiation step may have ALK5 inhibitory activity. and a factor having CDK8/19 inhibitory activity may be further added.
- the factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity is used in the medium after step 5 in the step of inducing differentiation of insulin-positive cells from pluripotent stem cells, that is, the medium in step 5. , or included in the medium of Step 6, or the medium of Step 5 and the medium of Step 6, and allowed to act on the cells.
- pancreatic ⁇ cell population a cell population containing pancreatic ⁇ cells
- pancreatic ⁇ cells refer to cells that are more mature than “insulin positive cells,” and specifically, include at least one marker of MAFA, UCN3, and IAPP, which are maturation markers of pancreatic ⁇ cells. refers to cells that express or are characterized by a glucose-stimulated response to increase insulin secretion.
- the pancreatic ⁇ cell population may include other cells (eg, insulin positive cells, Ki67 positive cells, CHGA negative cells, etc.).
- a pancreatic ⁇ cell population can be obtained by differentiating and maturing an insulin-positive cell population.
- the pancreatic ⁇ cell population can be obtained by differentiating and maturing an insulin-positive cell population in vivo.
- the "animal” is preferably a mammal, such as a human, a non-human primate, a pig, a cow, a horse, a sheep, a goat, a llama, a dog, a cat, a rabbit, a mouse, a guinea pig, etc., but preferably a human. .
- Transplantation is preferably performed in an in vivo area where the cell population can be fixed in a fixed position, for example, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, in the peritoneal epithelium, omentum, adipose tissue, muscle tissue, or in various organs such as the pancreas and kidneys of the animal. It can be performed under the capsule.
- the number of cells to be transplanted may vary depending on factors such as the differentiation stage of the cells to be transplanted, the age, weight, size of the transplant site, and severity of the disease of the transplant target, and is not particularly limited, but for example, The number of cells can be about 10 ⁇ 10 4 to 10 ⁇ 10 11 cells.
- the transplanted cell population can be induced to differentiate in an in vivo environment and differentiate into a desired cell population, preferably a pancreatic ⁇ cell population, and may then be collected or left in the body as it is. Good too.
- the cell population may be implanted by being embedded in a gel containing a biocompatible material; for example, the cell population embedded in a gel containing a biocompatible material may be placed in a capsule, bag, chamber, etc. It can also be encapsulated in a device and implanted in a living body.
- epibedding means scattering and accommodating an endocrine progenitor cell population or a cell population at a later differentiation stage in a gel containing a biocompatible material.
- biocompatible material refers to any material that does not induce significant immune responses or harmful biological reactions (e.g., toxic reactions, blood clotting, etc.) when implanted into a living body and left in place for short or long periods of time. means. Moreover, it is preferable that the "biocompatible material” is a biodegradable material.
- Such materials include polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene amine, polyhydroxybutyric acid, poly(N- (vinylpyrrolidone), polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene fumarate, polyacrylic acid, polye-caprolactone, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), pectic acid, hyaluronic acid, heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, heparin , chitin, chitosan,
- the surface of the "biocompatible material” may be modified as necessary to enable cell adhesion (e.g., cell adhesion substrates (collagen, gelatin, poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine, laminin, fibronectin). , matrigel, vitronectin, etc.) or functional groups known to control cell proliferation, differentiation, and function (e.g., amino groups, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, methacrylic acid groups, acrylic acid groups, etc.) may be modified.
- cell adhesion substrates collagen, gelatin, poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine, laminin, fibronectin).
- matrigel vitronectin, etc.
- functional groups known to control cell proliferation, differentiation, and function e.g., amino groups, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, methacrylic acid groups, acrylic acid groups, etc.
- alginate or alginate ester can be suitably used as the "biocompatible material”.
- the alginate may be any water-soluble salt, and metal salts, ammonium salts, etc. can be used.
- metal salts, ammonium salts, etc. can be used.
- sodium alginate, calcium alginate, ammonium alginate, etc. can be suitably used.
- Alginate ester (also referred to as propylene glycol alginate) is a derivative in which propylene glycol is ester-bonded to the carboxyl group of alginic acid.
- the ratio of mannuronic acid to guluronic acid (M/G ratio) contained in alginate is arbitrary, and generally, when M>G, a highly flexible gel can be formed, and when M ⁇ In the case of G, a strong gel can be formed.
- those containing guluronic acid in a proportion of 10 to 90%, 20 to 80%, 30 to 70%, or 40 to 60% can be used.
- Gel using alginate or alginate ester can be prepared according to known methods (WO2010/032242, WO2011/154941), and gelation is achieved by adding a crosslinking agent to a solution of alginate or alginate ester. It can be obtained by
- the alginate or alginate ester can be included in the solvent in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight.
- the solvent may be any solvent as long as it can dissolve the alginate or alginate ester, and water, physiological saline, etc. can be used.
- the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited as long as it can gel a solution of alginate or alginate ester, and polyvalent metal cations can be used.
- polyvalent metal cation a divalent metal cation is preferable, and calcium ions, strontium ions, and barium ions are more preferable.
- the crosslinking agent can be used in the form of a salt, and in the present invention, at least one selected from calcium chloride, strontium chloride, and barium chloride can be used as the crosslinking agent.
- Nanofibers are natural or synthetic fibers with diameters in the nanometer range.
- natural nanofibers include those containing one or more of polysaccharides such as collagen, cellulose, silk fibroin, keratin, gelatin, and chitosan.
- Synthetic nanofibers include polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyurethane (PU), poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) ( PHBV), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA), and the like.
- the nanofibers may be present in a gel containing alginic acid at less than 1% by weight, such as 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, or less. It can be included in quantity. Although the lower limit of the amount of nanofibers included in the gel containing alginate or alginate ester is not particularly limited, it can be 0.05% by weight or more, preferably 0.1% by weight or more.
- Embedding the cell population in a gel containing alginate or alginate ester can be carried out by any means, including, but not limited to, mixing the cell population in a solution of alginate or alginate ester; This can be done by gelling.
- the cell population is included in the alginate or alginate ester solution in an amount selected from 1 x 10 4 cells to 1 x 10 9 cells/mL, preferably 1 x 10 7 cells to 1 x 10 8 cells/mL. I can do it.
- Gelation of a solution of alginate or alginate ester containing a cell population can be performed by adding a crosslinking agent to the solution.
- the amount of crosslinking agent added can be selected from 0.1 to 5% by weight, for example 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the solution.
- Gelation can be performed in a container having a predetermined configuration and/or shape used for cell culture or cell transplantation, or in a mold designed to yield a gel that fits the container.
- the alginate or alginate ester solution containing the cell population may be added dropwise to the crosslinking agent solution.
- the size of the droplet can be adjusted, and the size of the gel capsule containing alginic acid can be regulated.
- the dropping method is not particularly limited, but it can be performed by methods such as an air spray method, an airless spray method, and an electrostatic spray method.
- the size of the gel capsule containing alginic acid is not particularly limited, but the diameter can be 5 mm or less, 1 mm or less, or 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the crosslinker solution may include an amount of crosslinker selected from 0.1 to 10% by weight, such as 0.1 to 5% by weight.
- the insulin-positive cell population obtained by the present invention When the insulin-positive cell population obtained by the present invention is transplanted into an animal body and differentiated in the animal body, it can be left in place and used as cells that produce and secrete insulin. .
- the insulin-positive cell population obtained by the present invention is useful as a cell medicine for treating diabetes, particularly type I diabetes, by transplanting it directly or encapsulated into an affected area.
- the insulin-positive cell population obtained by the present invention may be a prodrug.
- a prodrug refers to a cell population that differentiates after being transplanted into a living body and transforms into cells that have the function of treating a disease.
- the insulin-positive cell population obtained by the present invention has low toxicity (e.g. acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, carcinogenicity) and can be used as is or in a pharmacologically acceptable carrier. It can be safely administered to mammals (eg, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys, and humans) by mixing it with a pharmaceutical composition.
- mammals eg, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys, and humans
- Differentiation medium provides a differentiation medium for a pancreatic progenitor cell population or a cell population in a subsequent differentiation stage, which contains a factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity and is substantially free of ALK5iII. provide.
- the differentiation medium of the present invention can be used to induce differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cell populations or cell populations at subsequent differentiation stages.
- the differentiation medium of the present invention can be used in step 5) or step 6) of the above-mentioned method for inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin-positive cells.
- the differentiation medium of the present invention includes RPMI 1640 medium, MEM medium, iMEM medium, DMEM/F12 medium, Improved MEM Zinc Option medium, Improved MEM/1% B-27/Penisilin Streptomycin medium, MCDB131/20m M Glucose/ NaHCO3 /FAF - BSA/ITS-X/GlutaMAX TM /Ascorbic acid/Penisilin Streptomycin medium or other basic medium used for culturing mammalian cells is supplemented with the above-mentioned factors having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity. 19 activity in any amount capable of inhibiting 19 activity.
- the factor is a combination of multiple factors consisting of an ALK5 inhibitor and a CDK8/19 inhibitor, the amounts of each of the ALK5 inhibitor and CDK8/19 inhibitor contained in the medium are as defined above. .
- the differentiation medium of the present invention further contains growth factors, various inhibitors, serum substitutes, and antibiotics required in step 5) and step 6). Contains other factors such as substances, vitamins, etc.
- the medium used in step 5) contains SANT1, retinoic acid, T3, LDN, Wnt inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor, FGF (preferably FGF2). ), serum substitutes, vitamins, antibiotics, etc. can be added in predetermined amounts.
- the medium used in step 6) includes T3, LDN, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor XX, ⁇ -secretase inhibitor RO, N-cysteine, AXL inhibitor, ascorbic acid, Wnt inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor, FGF (preferably FGF2), serum substitute, vitamins, antibiotics, ZnSO 4 , heparin, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, R428, etc. can be added in predetermined amounts.
- the differentiation medium of the present invention is substantially free of ALK5iII.
- “Substantially free of ALK5iII” means that ALK5iII is not contained in the medium in a manner that exhibits any activity including ALK5 inhibitory activity, and does not necessarily mean that ALK5iII is not contained at all. Preferably, it means that ALK5iII is not contained in the medium at all, although it is not necessary.
- the basic medium, the factor having ALK5 inhibitory activity and CDK8/19 inhibitory activity, and the above-mentioned other factors may all be mixed and provided in one form, or in any combination, or Each of them may be provided separately in multiple forms and prepared at the time of use.
- Example 1 Evaluation of mutagenicity of ALK5iII Regarding 14 compounds including ALK5iII, which were conventionally used by being added to the differentiation medium in each process of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to an insulin-positive cell population, The mutagenicity of each compound was analyzed using a bacterial mutagenicity prediction program (Derek and CASE Ultra) based on quantitative structure activity relationship ((Q)SAR).
- a bacterial mutagenicity prediction program (Derek and CASE Ultra) based on quantitative structure activity relationship ((Q)SAR).
- mutagenic structural alerts were confirmed for five compounds including ALK5iII.
- the five compounds for which structural alerts were confirmed were further subjected to the Ames test to evaluate whether or not they have mutagenicity.
- the Ames test follows a conventionally known method, that is, each strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA is tested at seven concentrations (78.1 to 5,000 0 ⁇ g/plate) After pre-incubating in a test tube for 20 minutes, semi-solid agar was added and the mixture was seeded on a minimal glucose agar medium to solidify, and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the mutagenicity of each compound in a cell culture system, and the metabolites after being metabolized by liver enzymes were not evaluated. S9 fraction was not included.
- 9-aminoacridine hydrochloride monohydrate 9-AA, Sigma-Aldrich
- ICR 191 which are strong mutagens
- dimethyl sulfoxide was used as negative control.
- a positive determination was made when the average number of revertant colonies in any strain was at least twice the average value of the negative control.
- ALK5iII is a commercially available ALK5 inhibitor and is a derivative of naphthyridine ( Figure 1).
- the TA1537 strain is known to be sensitive to intercalators, which suggests mutagenic concerns. Therefore, in order to clarify whether the mutagenicity of ALK5iII is derived from its planar structure or whether it is related to its ability to inhibit ALK5, we investigated the structural analogue of ALK5iII (2-(3-( Similar tests and evaluations were conducted using pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)quinoxaline) and two other representative ALK5 inhibitors (SB525334 and SB431542).
- Example 2 Evaluation of off-target effects of ALK5iII
- ALK5iII ALK5 inhibitors that can be used in place of ALK5iII, which has been confirmed to have mutagenic properties
- commercially available compounds and the inventors selected a total of 30 types of ALK5 inhibitors from the library constructed by et al., and analyzed their mutagenicity using bacterial mutagenicity prediction programs (Derek and CASE Ultra) in the same manner as above.
- Pancreatic progenitor cell populations obtained by inducing differentiation from iPS cells were treated with differentiation factors (SANT1, retinoic acid, T3, LDN, Wnt inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, FGF2), ALK5iII (10 ⁇ M), or non-mutagenic 2 in differentiation induction medium (Improved MEM/1% B-27/Penisilin Streptomycin medium) containing ALK5 inhibitors (typical SB525334 (10 ⁇ M), SB431542 (10 ⁇ M), IN1130 (1 ⁇ M), EW-7197 (1 ⁇ M)). The cells were cultured for 1 day to induce differentiation into an endocrine progenitor cell population.
- differentiation factors SANT1, retinoic acid, T3, LDN, Wnt inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, FGF2
- ALK5iII 10 ⁇ M
- non-mutagenic 2 in differentiation induction medium Improved MEM/1% B-27/Penisilin Streptomycin medium
- ALK5iII (10 ⁇ M) or non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitors (SB525334 (10 ⁇ M), SB431542 ( After 7 days after cultivation (10 ⁇ m), IN1130 (1 ⁇ m), or EW -7197 (1 ⁇ m), which includes each of the differenti -inducing areas (IMPROVED MEM / 1 % B -27 / Penisilin Streaptomycin Medium), after cultivation for 7 days.
- the number of insulin-positive and NKX6.1-positive cells and the number of CHGA-positive and PDX1-positive cells in the insulin-positive cell population obtained by the above method were counted by flow cytometry, and the respective cell percentages in each cell population were determined.
- Ta Note that the control medium contained neither ALK5iII nor a non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitor.
- kinase inhibitors generally interact with diverse targets
- This test used a staurosporine derivative bound to BODIPY-FL or Cy5-FL as a fluorescent probe, applied 0.1 ⁇ M and 1 ⁇ M ALK5iII, and conducted a competitive binding assay against approximately 350 types of recombinant kinases. did.
- non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitors SB431542, SB525334, IN1130, EW-7197 were also evaluated for their inhibitory activity against the above 11 types of kinases.
- CDK8/19 the inhibitory activity against CDK8 and CDK19 was unique to ALK5iII (FIG. 3).
- Example 3 Combination of ALK5 inhibition and CDK8/19 inhibition that mimics the effect of ALK5iII
- ALK5iII added to the medium or non-mutagenic ALK5
- An insulin-positive cell population was produced in the same manner except that one of the following (1) to (4) was used as an inhibitor: (1) ALK5iII 10 ⁇ M, (2) non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitor SB431542 3 ⁇ M; (3) CDK8/19 inhibitor Senexin B 0.3 ⁇ M, (4) Combination of SB431542 3 ⁇ M and Senexin B 0.3 ⁇ M. Note that these inhibitors were used at concentrations that caused complete inhibition in time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) cell-free dose-response assays.
- TR-FRET time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- the number of insulin-positive and NKX6.1-positive cells in the insulin-positive cell population obtained by the above method was counted by flow cytometry, and the respective cell percentages in each cell population were determined.
- RNA-seq single cell RNA-seq analysis was performed to compare the cell compositions of insulin-positive cell populations produced using each of the inhibitors (1) to (4) above.
- Library creation for scRNA-seq analysis was performed using 10x Genomics Chromium controller and preparation kit Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 3'kits v3.1, and sequencing was performed using Illumina H It was performed using the i-seq platform.
- Data analysis of the obtained UMI counts was performed using 10X Genomics Cell Ranger and R package Seurat, and dimension reduction and visualization were performed using PCA and UMAP. Cell clustering based on the dimension reduction results was performed by clustering based on Seurat's shared nearest neighbor method.
- cell clusters #1 to #17 were identified in the insulin-positive cell populations produced using each of the inhibitors (1) to (4) above.
- Expression patterns of cell identification markers such as insulin and glucagon and the publicly available database PanglaoDB (https://panglaodb.se/) (O. Franzen, L.M. Gan, J.L.M. Bjorkegren, PanglaoDB) :a web server for exploration of mouse and human single-cell RNA sequencing data.Database (Oxfor d) From the analysis based on 2019 (2019).), clusters #1, 2, and 9 are ⁇ cells, ⁇ cells, and pancreatic acini, respectively. It was found to be close to cells/pancreatic duct cells.
- clusters #3 and 6 had characteristics specific to enterochromaffin cells.
- Cluster #12 cells have high expression levels of insulin and NKX6.1, but do not express ⁇ -cell maturation markers such as MAFA and G6PC2, which allows them to be distinguished from the neighboring cluster #1 cells. They are thought to be immature ⁇ cells. Note that it is possible that some ⁇ cells are integrated into cluster #0 together with ⁇ cells, ⁇ cells, and ⁇ cells. Cells in cluster #11 showed intermediate properties between hepatocytes and pancreatic ⁇ cells, and clusters #7 and 15 were most similar to neuron-like cells.
- the proportions are shown in Figure 5.
- Insulin-positive cell populations produced using each inhibitor of (1) ALK5iII and (4) a combination of SB431542 and Senexin B (SB/Sen) contain each cluster in approximately equal proportions, (2) ALK5 inhibitor SB431542 and (3) CDK8/19 inhibitor Senexin B were different from the proportions in insulin-positive cell populations produced using each inhibitor.
- Example 4 Evaluation of in vivo efficacy of insulin-positive cell population obtained without using ALK5iII Produced using a combination of ALK5 inhibitor and CDK8/19 inhibitor (SB/Sen) without using ALK5iII The effect on diabetes was evaluated in vivo using the insulin-positive cell population.
- Type 1 diabetes was induced in CB17-Prkdcscid/J (NOD-scid) mice by multiple intraperitoneal administrations of low doses of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg/day, 5 days, Sigma-Aldrich).
- STZ streptozotocin
- SB/Sen the combination of ALK5 inhibitor and CDK8/19 inhibitor obtained in Example 3 above.
- Each insulin-positive cell population was embedded in fibrin gel obtained by mixing 10 mg/mL fibrinogen (Merck Millipore) and 50 IU/mL thrombin solution (Sigma-Aldrich), and implanted subcutaneously into the model mouse described above (3).
- the positive cell population exhibited comparable blood glucose lowering and human C-peptide secretion effects (FIGS. 7A and B), and all transplanted mice reached euglycemic levels within 8 weeks.
- each model mouse was subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test, and in all cases, the mice responded to glucose tolerance with a peak at 15 minutes (FIGS. 7C and D).
- insulin-positive cell populations produced using ALK5iII and (4) insulin-positive cell populations produced using a combination of ALK5 inhibitor and CDK8/19 inhibitor (SB/Sen) were transplanted into model mice. Six months after transplantation, the insulin-positive cell populations were removed and immunostained using antibodies against various markers of insulin-positive cells. In all cell populations, more glucagon was detected than at the time of transplantation. The appearance of positive ⁇ cells was confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
[発明の背景]
[1] インスリン陽性細胞集団を製造する方法であって、
膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団を、ALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子を含む培地中で培養し、分化させることを含み、
前記培地が2-(3-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)-1,5-ナフチリジンを実質的に含まない、方法。
[2] 前記ALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子がALK5阻害剤とCDK8/19阻害剤とを含む、[1]の方法。
[3] 前記CDK8/19阻害剤が、ジエチル(E)-(4-(3-(5-(4-フルオロフェニル)-1-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)アクリルアミド)ベンジル)ホスホネート、2-(4-(4-(イソキノリン-4-イル)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、4-((2-(6-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-カルボニル)ナフタレン-2-イル)エチル)アミノ)キナゾリン-6-カルボニトリル、4-(4-(2,3-ジヒドロベンゾ[b][1,4]ジオキシン-6-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-3-イル)ベンゼン-1,3-ジオール、3-(2-(イミダゾ[1,2-b]ピリダジン-6-イルチオ)エチル)-4-(ナフタレン-1-イルスルホニル)-3,4-ジヒドロキノキサリン-2(1H)-オン、及び(E)-3-(4-(1-シクロプロピル-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピリジン-3-イル)-N-(4-(モルホリノメチル)フェニル)アクリルアミド、からなる群より選択される一又は複数の化合物又はその塩である、[2]の方法。
[4] 前記ALK5阻害剤が、4-[4-(1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イル)-5-(2-ピリジニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]-ベンズアミド、6-[2-tert-ブチル-5-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-4-イル]キノキサリン、3-[[5-(6-メチル-2-ピリジニル)-4-(6-キノキサリニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]メチル]ベンズアミド、2-フルオロ-N-[[5-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-4-([1,2,4]トリアゾロ[1,5-a]ピリジン-6-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]メチル]アニリンからなる群より選択される一又は複数の化合物又はその塩である、[2]の方法。
[5] 前記CDK8/19阻害剤が、4-((2-(6-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-カルボニル)ナフタレン-2-イル)エチル)アミノ)キナゾリン-6-カルボニトリルもしくは2-(4-(4-(イソキノリン-4-イル)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド又はその塩であり、前記ALK5阻害剤が、4-[4-(1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イル)-5-(2-ピリジニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]-ベンズアミド又はその塩である、[2]の方法。
[6] 前記膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団が、多能性幹細胞を分化誘導して製造されたものである、[1]の方法。
[7] ALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子を含み、2-(3-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)-1,5-ナフチリジンを実質的に含まない、膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団の分化培地。
[8] 前記ALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子が、ALK5阻害剤とCDK8/19阻害剤とを含む、[7]の培地。
[9] 前記CDK8/19阻害剤が、ジエチル(E)-(4-(3-(5-(4-フルオロフェニル)-1-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)アクリルアミド)ベンジル)ホスホネート、2-(4-(4-(イソキノリン-4-イル)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、4-((2-(6-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-カルボニル)ナフタレン-2-イル)エチル)アミノ)キナゾリン-6-カルボニトリル、4-(4-(2,3-ジヒドロベンゾ[b][1,4]ジオキシン-6-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-3-イル)ベンゼン-1,3-ジオール、3-(2-(イミダゾ[1,2-b]ピリダジン-6-イルチオ)エチル)-4-(ナフタレン-1-イルスルホニル)-3,4-ジヒドロキノキサリン-2(1H)-オン、及び(E)-3-(4-(1-シクロプロピル-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピリジン-3-イル)-N-(4-(モルホリノメチル)フェニル)アクリルアミドからなる群より選択される一又は複数の化合物又はその塩である、[8]の培地。
[10] 前記ALK5阻害剤が、4-[4-(1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イル)-5-(2-ピリジニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]-ベンズアミド、6-[2-tert-ブチル-5-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-4-イル]キノキサリン、3-[[5-(6-メチル-2-ピリジニル)-4-(6-キノキサリニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]メチル]ベンズアミド、2-フルオロ-N-[[5-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-4-([1,2,4]トリアゾロ[1,5-a]ピリジン-6-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]メチル]アニリンからなる群より選択される一又は複数の化合物又はその塩である、[8]の培地。
[11] 前記CDK8/19阻害剤が、4-((2-(6-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-カルボニル)ナフタレン-2-イル)エチル)アミノ)キナゾリン-6-カルボニトリルもしくは2-(4-(4-(イソキノリン-4-イル)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド又はその塩であり、前記ALK5阻害剤が、4-[4-(1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イル)-5-(2-ピリジニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]-ベンズアミド又はその塩である、[8]の培地。
[12] 前記膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団が、多能性幹細胞を分化誘導して製造されたものである、[7]の培地。
本明細書は本願の優先権の基礎である2022年4月25日に出願された日本国特許出願2022-071507号の明細書等に記載される内容を包含する。
本明細書で引用した全ての刊行物、特許および特許出願をそのまま参考として本明細書にとりいれるものとする。
以下、本明細書において記載される用語について説明する。
本発明は、膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団をALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子を含み、かつALK5iIIを実質的に含まない培地中で培養し、分化させることを含む、インスリン陽性細胞集団を製造する方法を提供する。
無機塩基との塩の好適な例としては、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などのアルカリ金属塩;カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩、バリウム塩などのアルカリ土類金属塩;アルミニウム塩などが挙げられる。
有機塩基との塩の好適な例としては、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン、ピコリン、エタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、N,N’-ジベンジルエチレンジアミンなどとの塩が挙げられる。
無機酸との塩の好適な例としては、塩酸、臭化水素酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸などとの塩が挙げられる。
有機酸との塩の好適な例としては、ギ酸、酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、フマル酸、シュウ酸、酒石酸、マレイン酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸、メタンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸などとの塩が挙げられる。
塩基性アミノ酸との塩の好適な例としては、アルギニン、リジン、オルニチンなどとの塩が挙げられる。
酸性アミノ酸との塩の好適な例としては、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸などとの塩が挙げられる。
これらの塩のなかでも、薬学的に許容し得る塩が好ましい。
工程1)多能性幹細胞から胚体内胚葉細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程2)胚体内胚葉細胞から原腸管細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程3)原腸管細胞から後方前腸細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程4)後方前腸細胞から膵前駆細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程5)膵前駆細胞から内分泌前駆細胞へと分化誘導する;
工程6)内分泌前駆細胞からインスリン陽性細胞へと分化誘導する。
以下、各工程を説明するが、各細胞への分化誘導はこれらの手法に限定されない。
多能性幹細胞は、まず胚体内胚葉細胞に分化させる。多能性幹細胞から胚体内胚葉を誘導する方法は既に公知であり、そのいずれの方法を用いてもよい。好ましくは、多能性幹細胞は、アクチビンAを含む培地、より好ましくはアクチビンA、ROCK阻害剤、GSK3β阻害剤を含む培地で培養して、胚体内胚葉細胞に分化させる。培養開始時の細胞数としては、特に限定されず、22000~150000細胞/cm2、好ましくは22000~100000細胞/cm2、より好ましくは22000~80000細胞/cm2である。培養期間は1日~4日、好ましくは1日~3日、特に好ましくは3日である。
別の態様として、アクチビンAは培地中に低用量にて、例えば、5~100ng/mL、好ましくは5~50ng/mL、より好ましくは5~10ng/mLの量にて含めることができる。
さらに別の態様として、アクチビンAの培地中の濃度は、約0.1~100ng/mL、好ましくは約1~50ng/mL、より好ましくは約3~10ng/mLである。
工程1)で得られた胚体内胚葉細胞を、さらに増殖因子を含む培地で培養して原腸管細胞に分化誘導する。培養期間は2日~8日、好ましくは約4日である。
工程2)で得られた原腸管細胞を、さらに増殖因子、シクロパミン、ノギン等を含む培地で培養し、後方前腸細胞に分化誘導する。培養期間は1日~5日、好ましくは約2日程度である。培養は2次元培養及び3次元培養のいずれで行ってもよい。
工程3)で得られた後方前腸細胞を、さらにCDK8/19阻害活性を有する因子を含む培地、好ましくはCDK8/19阻害活性を有する因子と増殖因子を含む培地で培養し、膵前駆細胞に分化誘導する。培養期間は2日~10日、好ましくは約5日程度である。培養は2次元培養及び3次元培養のいずれで行ってもよい。
工程4)で得られた膵前駆細胞を、さらに増殖因子を含む培地で培養して内分泌前駆細胞に分化誘導する。培養は2次元培養及び3次元培養のいずれで行ってもよい。2次元培養の場合には、工程4)で得られた膵前駆細胞を、0.25%トリプシン-EDTA溶液で処理し、ピペッティングすることにより当該液中に分散させて細胞分散液を得、得られた分散液を遠心分離に付し、回収した細胞を少量の新たな培地に再懸濁し、その細胞懸濁液を工程5)の新しい培地に再播種する。培養期間は2日~3日、好ましくは約2日である。
工程5)で得られた内分泌前駆細胞を、さらに増殖因子を含む培地で培養してインスリン陽性細胞に分化誘導する。培養期間は10日~30日、好ましくは約10~20日である。
本発明は、ALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子を含み、ALK5iIIを実質的に含まない、膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団の分化培地、を提供する。
従来、多能性幹細胞からインスリン陽性細胞集団への分化誘導の各過程において分化培地に添加して用いられていた、ALK5iIIを含む14種の化合物について、定量的構造活性相関((Quantitative)Structure Activity Relationship;(Q)SAR)に基づく細菌に対する変異原性予測プログラム(Derek及びCASE Ultra)を用いて、各化合物の変異原性について解析した。
変異原性を有することが確認されたALK5iIIに代えて使用することが可能な非変異原性のALK5阻害剤を同定するため、市販の化合物や発明者らが構築したライブラリより合計30種のALK5阻害剤を選択し、これらについて上記と同じく、細菌に対する変異原性予測プログラム(Derek及びCASE Ultra)を用いてその変異原性を解析した。
上記「実施例2」に記載のインスリン陽性細胞集団の製造方法において、培地に添加するALK5iII、又は非変異原性のALK5阻害剤として、以下(1)~(4)のいずれかを用いた以外は同様にして、インスリン陽性細胞集団を製造した:
(1)ALK5iII 10μM、
(2)非変異原性のALK5阻害剤SB431542 3μM、
(3)CDK8/19阻害剤Senexin B 0.3μM、
(4)SB431542 3μMとSenexin B 0.3μMとの組み合わせ。
なお、これらの阻害剤は、時間分解蛍光共鳴エネルギー移動法(TR-FRET)無細胞用量反応アッセイにおいて、完全阻害を引き起こす濃度で使用した。
ALK5iIIを用いず、ALK5阻害剤とCDK8/19阻害剤との組み合わせ(SB/Sen)を用いて製造されたインスリン陽性細胞集団を用いて、糖尿病に対する効果をin vivoにて評価した。
Claims (12)
- インスリン陽性細胞集団を製造する方法であって、
膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団を、ALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子を含む培地中で培養し、分化させることを含み、
前記培地が2-(3-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)-1,5-ナフチリジンを実質的に含まない、方法。 - 前記ALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子がALK5阻害剤とCDK8/19阻害剤とを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記CDK8/19阻害剤が、ジエチル(E)-(4-(3-(5-(4-フルオロフェニル)-1-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)アクリルアミド)ベンジル)ホスホネート、2-(4-(4-(イソキノリン-4-イル)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、4-((2-(6-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-カルボニル)ナフタレン-2-イル)エチル)アミノ)キナゾリン-6-カルボニトリル、4-(4-(2,3-ジヒドロベンゾ[b][1,4]ジオキシン-6-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-3-イル)ベンゼン-1,3-ジオール、3-(2-(イミダゾ[1,2-b]ピリダジン-6-イルチオ)エチル)-4-(ナフタレン-1-イルスルホニル)-3,4-ジヒドロキノキサリン-2(1H)-オン、及び(E)-3-(4-(1-シクロプロピル-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピリジン-3-イル)-N-(4-(モルホリノメチル)フェニル)アクリルアミド、からなる群より選択される一又は複数の化合物又はその塩である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ALK5阻害剤が、4-[4-(1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イル)-5-(2-ピリジニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]-ベンズアミド、6-[2-tert-ブチル-5-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-4-イル]キノキサリン、3-[[5-(6-メチル-2-ピリジニル)-4-(6-キノキサリニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]メチル]ベンズアミド、2-フルオロ-N-[[5-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-4-([1,2,4]トリアゾロ[1,5-a]ピリジン-6-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]メチル]アニリンからなる群より選択される一又は複数の化合物又はその塩である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記CDK8/19阻害剤が、4-((2-(6-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-カルボニル)ナフタレン-2-イル)エチル)アミノ)キナゾリン-6-カルボニトリルもしくは2-(4-(4-(イソキノリン-4-イル)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド又はその塩であり、前記ALK5阻害剤が、4-[4-(1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イル)-5-(2-ピリジニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]-ベンズアミド又はその塩である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団が、多能性幹細胞を分化誘導して製造されたものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子を含み、2-(3-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)-1,5-ナフチリジンを実質的に含まない、膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団の分化培地。
- 前記ALK5阻害活性とCDK8/19阻害活性とを有する因子が、ALK5阻害剤とCDK8/19阻害剤とを含む、請求項7に記載の培地。
- 前記CDK8/19阻害剤が、ジエチル(E)-(4-(3-(5-(4-フルオロフェニル)-1-メチル-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)アクリルアミド)ベンジル)ホスホネート、2-(4-(4-(イソキノリン-4-イル)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、4-((2-(6-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-カルボニル)ナフタレン-2-イル)エチル)アミノ)キナゾリン-6-カルボニトリル、4-(4-(2,3-ジヒドロベンゾ[b][1,4]ジオキシン-6-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-3-イル)ベンゼン-1,3-ジオール、3-(2-(イミダゾ[1,2-b]ピリダジン-6-イルチオ)エチル)-4-(ナフタレン-1-イルスルホニル)-3,4-ジヒドロキノキサリン-2(1H)-オン、及び(E)-3-(4-(1-シクロプロピル-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)ピリジン-3-イル)-N-(4-(モルホリノメチル)フェニル)アクリルアミドからなる群より選択される一又は複数の化合物又はその塩である、請求項8に記載の培地。
- 前記ALK5阻害剤が、4-[4-(1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イル)-5-(2-ピリジニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]-ベンズアミド、6-[2-tert-ブチル-5-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-4-イル]キノキサリン、3-[[5-(6-メチル-2-ピリジニル)-4-(6-キノキサリニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]メチル]ベンズアミド、2-フルオロ-N-[[5-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-4-([1,2,4]トリアゾロ[1,5-a]ピリジン-6-イル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]メチル]アニリンからなる群より選択される一又は複数の化合物又はその塩である、請求項8に記載の培地。
- 前記CDK8/19阻害剤が、4-((2-(6-(4-メチルピペラジン-1-カルボニル)ナフタレン-2-イル)エチル)アミノ)キナゾリン-6-カルボニトリルもしくは2-(4-(4-(イソキノリン-4-イル)フェニル)-1H-ピラゾール-1-イル)-N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド又はその塩であり、前記ALK5阻害剤が、4-[4-(1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-イル)-5-(2-ピリジニル)-1H-イミダゾール-2-イル]-ベンズアミド又はその塩である、請求項8に記載の培地。
- 前記膵前駆細胞集団、又はそれ以降の分化段階にある細胞集団が、多能性幹細胞を分化誘導して製造されたものである、請求項7に記載の培地。
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