WO2022172853A1 - ガスタービン設備、及びガスタービンの制御方法 - Google Patents
ガスタービン設備、及びガスタービンの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022172853A1 WO2022172853A1 PCT/JP2022/004264 JP2022004264W WO2022172853A1 WO 2022172853 A1 WO2022172853 A1 WO 2022172853A1 JP 2022004264 W JP2022004264 W JP 2022004264W WO 2022172853 A1 WO2022172853 A1 WO 2022172853A1
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- air
- fuel
- combustion
- gas turbine
- controller
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 213
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 478
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 439
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 286
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 286
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 41
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/057—Control or regulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
- F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/30—Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
- F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
- F02C9/52—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow by bleeding or by-passing the working fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
- F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
- F02C9/54—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow by throttling the working fluid, by adjusting vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
- F05D2270/082—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases with as little NOx as possible
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
- F05D2270/083—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases by monitoring combustion conditions
- F05D2270/0831—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases by monitoring combustion conditions indirectly, at the exhaust
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to gas turbine equipment and methods of controlling gas turbines.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-021754 filed in Japan on February 15, 2021, the content of which is incorporated herein.
- a gas turbine includes a compressor that compresses air, a combustor that burns fuel in the air compressed by the compressor to generate combustion gas, and a turbine that is driven by the combustion gas.
- NOx is generated by combustion of fuel.
- This NOx emission is regulated by laws and the like. Therefore, a technique for reducing NOx emissions is desired.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for reducing NOx emissions by heating the air before it is drawn into the compressor.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a technique capable of reducing NOx emissions when ammonia is used as fuel for a gas turbine.
- a gas turbine facility as one aspect for achieving the above object includes: A gas turbine, a NOx concentration meter for detecting NOx concentration in exhaust gas, which is combustion gas discharged from the gas turbine, and a control device.
- the gas turbine includes a compressor capable of compressing air to generate compressed air, a combustor capable of burning ammonia as a fuel in the compressed air to generate combustion gas, and a turbine driven by the combustion gas.
- the compressor includes a compressor rotor rotatable about an axis, a compressor casing that covers the compressor rotor, an intake air adjuster that adjusts an air intake amount that is the flow rate of air sucked into the compressor casing, have
- the combustor includes a combustion chamber former for forming a combustion chamber in which the fuel is combusted and for guiding the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine; a combustor body capable of injecting primary combustion air that is part of the compressed air.
- the combustion chamber former has an opening through which dilution air, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber from outside the combustion chamber former.
- the combustor includes, in the combustion chamber, a rich combustion region in which the fuel from the combustor main body is burned at a fuel-air ratio greater than a stoichiometric fuel-air ratio, and the rich combustion. Gas from the region is diluted with the dilution air from the openings, and the fuel contained in the gas after being diluted with the dilution air is removed in a fuel-air ratio in which the fuel-air ratio is less than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. and a lean combustion region for combustion are formed.
- the control device has an intake controller that controls the operation of the intake regulator so that the intake air amount decreases according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas detected by the NOx concentration meter.
- the amount of NOx generated changes according to the fuel-air ratio in the fuel combustion region.
- the combustor of this aspect is a combustor in which a rich combustion region and a lean combustion region are formed in the combustion chamber. Therefore, the combustor of this aspect is a combustor that adopts the RQL (Rich burn quick Quench Lean burn) method. Further, the combustor of this aspect uses ammonia as fuel.
- the combustion chamber fuel-air ratio which is the ratio of the total fuel flow rate injected into the combustion chamber to the total combustion air flowing in, becomes smaller than during rated load operation.
- the fuel-air ratio in both the rich combustion region and the lean combustion region becomes small during partial load operation, and the combustion gas in the combustor exhausted from the combustor NOx concentration increases.
- the intake controller controls the operation of the intake regulator so that the intake air amount decreases.
- the intake air amount when the intake air amount is small, the fuel-air ratio increases both in the rich combustion region and the lean combustion region. As a result, in this aspect, the amount of NOx emissions can be suppressed.
- a gas turbine facility as another aspect for achieving the above object includes: A gas turbine, an air return line, a return air control valve, a NOx concentration meter for detecting the NOx concentration in exhaust gas, which is combustion gas discharged from the gas turbine, and a control device.
- the gas turbine includes a compressor capable of compressing air to produce compressed air, a combustor capable of combusting fuel in the compressed air to produce combustion gases, and a turbine operable by the combustion gases.
- the combustor includes a combustion chamber former for forming a combustion chamber in which the fuel is combusted and for guiding the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine; a combustor body capable of injecting ammonia and main combustion air which is part of said compressed air.
- the combustion chamber former has an opening through which dilution air, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber from outside the combustion chamber former.
- the combustor includes, in the combustion chamber, a rich combustion region in which the fuel from the combustor main body is burned at a fuel-air ratio greater than a stoichiometric fuel-air ratio, and the rich combustion. Gas from the region is diluted with the dilution air from the openings, and the fuel contained in the gas after being diluted with the dilution air is removed in a fuel-air ratio in which the fuel-air ratio is less than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. and a lean combustion region for combustion are formed.
- the air return line is configured to return part of the compressed air discharged from the compressor casing back into the compressor casing.
- the return air control valve is configured to adjust the flow rate of the return air, which is the compressed air, flowing through the air return line.
- the control device has a return air controller that controls the return air control valve so that the flow rate of the return air increases according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, which is the combustion gas discharged from the turbine.
- the return air controller controls the operation of the return air control valve so that the flow rate of the return air increases.
- the fuel-air ratio increases both in the rich combustion region and the lean combustion region.
- a gas turbine facility as still another aspect for achieving the above object comprises: A gas turbine, a dilution air control valve, and a controller.
- the gas turbine includes a compressor capable of compressing air to generate compressed air, a combustor capable of burning ammonia as a fuel in the compressed air to generate combustion gas, and a turbine driven by the combustion gas.
- the compressor has a compressor rotor rotatable about an axis and a compressor casing covering the compressor rotor.
- the combustor includes a combustion chamber former for forming a combustion chamber in which the fuel is combusted and for guiding the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine; a combustor body capable of injecting primary combustion air that is part of the compressed air.
- the combustion chamber former has an opening through which dilution air, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber from outside the combustion chamber former.
- the combustor includes, in the combustion chamber, a rich combustion region in which the fuel from the combustor main body is burned at a fuel-air ratio greater than a stoichiometric fuel-air ratio, and the rich combustion. Gas from the region is diluted with the dilution air from the openings, and the fuel contained in the gas after being diluted with the dilution air is removed in a fuel-air ratio in which the fuel-air ratio is less than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. and a lean combustion region for combustion are formed.
- the dilution air control valve is a valve capable of adjusting the flow rate of the dilution air introduced into the combustion chamber through the opening.
- the control device has a dilution air controller that controls the dilution air control valve so that the flow rate of the dilution air increases according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, which is the combustion gas discharged from the turbine.
- the dilution air control valve when the dilution air control valve is controlled by the dilution air controller, when the flow rate of the dilution air flowing into the combustion chamber in the combustor that adopts the RQL method increases, the main combustion that is injected from the combustor body into the combustion chamber air flow is reduced. Therefore, in this aspect, when the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas reaches or exceeds a predetermined value, the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion region decreases and the fuel-air ratio in the rich combustion region increases. As a result, in this aspect, the amount of NOx emissions can be suppressed.
- the gas turbine has a compressor capable of compressing air to produce compressed air, a combustor capable of combusting fuel in the compressed air to produce combustion gases, and a turbine operable by the combustion gases.
- the compressor has a compressor rotor rotatable about an axis and a compressor casing covering the compressor rotor.
- the combustor includes a combustion chamber former for forming a combustion chamber in which the fuel is combusted and for guiding the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine; a combustor body capable of injecting ammonia and main combustion air which is part of said compressed air.
- the combustion chamber former has an opening through which dilution air, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber from outside the combustion chamber former.
- the ammonia as the fuel and the main combustion air are injected from the combustor main body into the combustion chamber, and the dilution air is introduced into the combustion chamber from the opening, so that the combustion A rich combustion region in which the fuel from the combustor body is burned at a fuel-air ratio greater than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio, and a gas from the rich combustion region is provided in the opening.
- a lean combustion region in which the fuel diluted with the dilution air from the gas is burned at a fuel-air ratio smaller than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio; a NOx concentration detection step of detecting the NOx concentration in exhaust gas, which is combustion gas generated by combustion of the fuel and exhausted from the gas turbine, and the NOx concentration detected in the NOx concentration detection step and an intake control step of reducing an intake air amount, which is the flow rate of air sucked into the compressor casing, according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas.
- a gas turbine control method as another aspect for achieving the object is applied to the following gas turbine.
- the gas turbine has a compressor capable of compressing air to produce compressed air, a combustor capable of combusting fuel in the compressed air to produce combustion gases, and a turbine operable by the combustion gases.
- the compressor has a compressor rotor rotatable about an axis and a compressor casing covering the compressor rotor.
- the combustor includes a combustion chamber former for forming a combustion chamber in which the fuel is combusted and for guiding the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine; a combustor body capable of injecting ammonia and main combustion air which is part of said compressed air.
- the combustion chamber former has an opening through which dilution air, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber from outside the combustion chamber former.
- the ammonia as the fuel and the main combustion air are injected from the combustor main body into the combustion chamber, and the dilution air is introduced into the combustion chamber from the opening, so that the combustion A rich combustion region in which the fuel from the combustor body is burned at a fuel-air ratio greater than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio, and a gas from the rich combustion region is provided in the opening.
- a lean combustion region in which the fuel diluted with the dilution air from the gas is burned at a fuel-air ratio smaller than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio; a NOx concentration detection step of detecting the NOx concentration in exhaust gas, which is combustion gas generated by combustion of the fuel and exhausted from the gas turbine, and the NOx concentration detected in the NOx concentration detection step and a return air control step of increasing a flow rate of part of the compressed air discharged from the compressor casing as return air to be returned into the compressor casing according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas.
- a gas turbine control method as still another aspect for achieving the object is applied to the following gas turbine.
- the gas turbine has a compressor capable of compressing air to produce compressed air, a combustor capable of combusting fuel in the compressed air to produce combustion gases, and a turbine operable by the combustion gases.
- the compressor has a compressor rotor rotatable about an axis and a compressor casing covering the compressor rotor.
- the combustor includes a combustion chamber former for forming a combustion chamber in which the fuel is combusted and for guiding the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine; a combustor body capable of injecting ammonia and main combustion air which is part of said compressed air.
- the combustion chamber former has an opening through which dilution air, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber from outside the combustion chamber former.
- the ammonia as the fuel and the main combustion air are injected from the combustor main body into the combustion chamber, and the dilution air is introduced into the combustion chamber from the opening, so that the combustion A rich combustion region in which the fuel from the combustor body is burned at a fuel-air ratio greater than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio, and a gas from the rich combustion region is provided in the opening.
- a lean combustion region in which the fuel diluted with the dilution air from the gas is burned at a fuel-air ratio smaller than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio; a NOx concentration detection step of detecting the NOx concentration in exhaust gas, which is combustion gas generated by combustion of the fuel and exhausted from the gas turbine, and the NOx concentration detected in the NOx concentration detection step and a dilution air control step of increasing the flow rate of the dilution air according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas.
- NOx emissions can be reduced when ammonia is used as fuel for the gas turbine.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of gas turbine equipment in a first embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustor in a first embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a control device in the first embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the procedure in the gas turbine control method in the first embodiment according to the present disclosure
- 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel-air ratio, NOx concentration, and unburned content concentration in various operation modes in the first embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a control device in a second embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing procedures in a gas turbine control method according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel-air ratio, the NOx concentration, and the unburned content concentration in various operation modes in the second embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram of a control device in a third embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing procedures in a gas turbine control method according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel-air ratio, the NOx concentration, and the unburned content concentration in various operating modes in the third embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram of a control device in a fourth embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing procedures in a gas turbine control method according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel-air ratio, the NOx concentration, and the unburned content concentration in various operation modes in the fourth embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram of a control device in a fifth embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing procedures in a gas turbine control method according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel-air ratio, NOx concentration, and unburned content concentration in various operation modes in the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram of a control device in a sixth embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing procedures in a gas turbine control method according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel-air ratio, the NOx concentration, and the unburned content concentration in various operating modes in the sixth embodiment according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment of gas turbine equipment according to the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment of gas turbine equipment according to the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
- the gas turbine equipment of this embodiment includes a gas turbine 10, a compressed air return device 18, a denitrification device 28 that decomposes NOx contained in the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 10, a denitrification A chimney 29 that discharges the exhaust gas that has flowed out of the device 28 to the outside, a fuel supply facility 20 that supplies fuel to the gas turbine 10, and a control device 50 are provided.
- the gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 14 that compresses air A, a combustor 15 that combusts fuel in the air compressed by the compressor 14 to generate combustion gas, and a turbine 16 that is driven by the high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas. , an intake duct 12 , an intermediate casing 13 , and a dilution air conditioner 17 .
- the compressor 14 includes a compressor rotor 14r that rotates about the rotor axis Ar, a compressor casing 14c that covers the compressor rotor 14r, and an air intake regulator (hereinafter referred to as , IGV (inlet guide vane) 14v.
- IGV inlet guide vane
- the IGV 14v adjusts the amount of intake air, which is the flow rate of air sucked into the compressor casing 14c, according to instructions from the control device 50 .
- the intake duct 12 is connected to the suction port of the compressor casing 14c.
- the turbine 16 has a turbine rotor 16r that rotates around the rotor axis Ar by combustion gas from the combustor 15, and a turbine casing 16c that covers the turbine rotor 16r.
- the turbine rotor 16r and the compressor rotor 14r are rotatably connected to each other around the same rotor axis Ar to form the gas turbine rotor 11 .
- a generator rotor for example, is connected to the gas turbine rotor 11 .
- the intermediate casing 13 is arranged between the compressor casing 14c and the turbine casing 16c in the direction in which the rotor axis Ar extends, and connects the compressor casing 14c and the turbine casing 16c. Compressed air discharged from the compressor 14 flows into the intermediate casing 13 .
- the combustor 15 is fixed to the intermediate casing 13.
- the combustor 15 includes a combustion chamber forming device 15c that forms a combustion chamber 15s therein, and a combustor main body 15b that injects ammonia as fuel and compressed air into the combustion chamber 15s.
- the combustion chamber former 15c is arranged inside the intermediate casing 13 into which the compressed air from the compressor 14 flows.
- fuel is combusted in compressed air. Combustion gases generated by combustion of fuel flow through combustion chamber 15 s and are sent to turbine 16 .
- the combustion chamber former 15c is formed with an opening 15o through which dilution air Al, which is part of the compressed air from the compressor 14, can be introduced into the combustion chamber 15s from outside the combustion chamber former 15c.
- the combustor 15 is configured such that a rich combustion area RA, a quench area QA, and a lean combustion area LA are formed in the combustion chamber 15s.
- the rich combustion region RA is a region in which the fuel F from the combustor main body 15b is burned in a fuel-air ratio, which is the ratio of fuel to air, greater than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio.
- the quench area QA is an area where the dilution air Al from the opening 15o is introduced to dilute the gas from the rich combustion area RA.
- the lean burn region LA is a region where the fuel contained in the gas from the quench region QA is burned in a fuel-air ratio less than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. Therefore, this combustor 15 is a combustor that adopts the RQL (Rich burnquick Quench Lean burn) method.
- the gas from the rich combustion area RA is diluted with the dilution air Al from the opening 15o, and the fuel contained in the diluted gas with the dilution air Al is added to the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. It is also possible to define a region in which the combustion takes place in a fuel-air ratio less than the air ratio.
- Gases from lean burn area LA are sent to turbine 16 .
- the quench area QA is positioned upstream of the lean combustion area LA in the gas flow within the combustion chamber 15s.
- the rich combustion area RA is located upstream of the quench area QA in the gas flow inside the combustion chamber 15s.
- the combustor main body 15b injects ammonia as fuel F and main combustion air Am, which is a part of compressed air, into the rich combustion area RA within the combustion chamber 15s.
- the dilution air conditioner 17 is arranged inside the intermediate casing 13 .
- the dilution air regulator 17 has a dilution air regulator valve 17v and a dilution air line 17p.
- the dilution air line 17p connects the dilution air control valve 17v and the opening 15o of the combustion chamber former 15c.
- the dilution air control valve 17v adjusts the flow rate of the dilution air Al introduced into the combustion chamber 15s via the dilution air line 17p and the opening 15o of the combustion chamber former 15c.
- This diluted air Al is part of the compressed air that has flowed into the intermediate casing 13 from the compressor 14 .
- the dilution air control valve 17v has a valve casing 17vc and a valve body vb that slides inside the valve casing 17vc. An opening is formed in the valve body vb.
- the compressed air return device 18 has an air return line 18p and a return air control valve 18v.
- the air return line 18p connects the intermediate casing 13 and the intake duct 12, and can return part of the compressed air discharged from the compressor 14 to the compressor 14 as return air Ab.
- the return air control valve 18v adjusts the flow rate of the return air Ab flowing through the air return line 18p.
- Ammonia is supplied to the denitrification device 28 .
- This denitrification device 28 uses this ammonia to decompose NOx contained in the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 10 into nitrogen and water vapor.
- the fuel supply facility 20 has an ammonia tank 21, a liquid ammonia line 22, an ammonia pump 23, a fuel control valve 24, a vaporizer 25, and a gaseous ammonia line 26.
- Liquid ammonia is stored in the ammonia tank 21 .
- a liquid ammonia line 22 connects the ammonia tank 21 and the vaporizer 25 .
- the liquid ammonia line 22 is provided with an ammonia pump 23 that pressurizes the liquid ammonia from the ammonia tank 21 and a fuel control valve 24 that adjusts the flow rate of the liquid ammonia flowing through the liquid ammonia line 22 .
- the vaporizer 25 is a heat exchanger that heat-exchanges liquid ammonia and a heating medium to heat and vaporize the liquid ammonia.
- a gaseous ammonia line 26 connects the vaporizer 25 and the combustor 15 . This gaseous ammonia line 26 guides the gaseous ammonia from the vaporizer 25 to the combustor 15 as fuel.
- the gas turbine equipment further includes a NOx densitometer 58 and an unburned content densitometer 59 .
- the NOx concentration meter 58 detects the concentration of NOx contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 10 and before flowing into the denitration device 28 .
- the unburned content concentration meter 59 detects the concentration of unburned ammonia contained in the exhaust gas that has been exhausted from the gas turbine 10 and before it flows into the denitrification device 28 .
- the control device 50 has a fuel flow calculator 51, a fuel controller 52, and an intake controller 53, as shown in FIG.
- a fuel flow calculator 51 receives a load request PWr from the outside, obtains a fuel flow rate corresponding to the load request PWr, and outputs it.
- the fuel controller 52 controls the fuel control valve 24 so that the flow rate of the fuel flowing through the liquid fuel line becomes the fuel flow rate calculated by the fuel flow calculator 51 .
- the intake controller 53 controls the IGV 14v according to the fuel flow rate calculated by the fuel flow calculator 51, the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58, and the unburned concentration detected by the unburned concentration meter 59.
- the control device 50 described above is a computer.
- the control device 50 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that performs various calculations, a main storage device such as a memory that serves as a work area for the CPU, an auxiliary storage device such as a hard disk drive, a keyboard, and so on. It has an input device such as a mouse and a display device.
- Each functional unit of the control device 50 such as the fuel flow calculator 51, the fuel controller 52, the intake controller 53, etc., functions when the CPU executes a control program stored in the auxiliary storage device, for example.
- the NOx concentration is maximized when the fuel-air ratio is close to the theoretical air-fuel ratio Rt.
- the fuel-air ratio region (hereinafter referred to as medium fuel-air ratio region) RRm including the fuel-air ratio (hereinafter referred to as maximum NOx concentration fuel-air ratio) Rmax where the NOx concentration is maximized, other fuel-air ratio regions RRa, NOx concentration is higher than RRb.
- the intermediate fuel-air ratio region RRm includes a region from the maximum NOx concentration fuel-air ratio Rmax to a fuel-air ratio that is a predetermined amount lower than the maximum NOx concentration fuel-air ratio Rmax, and a fuel-air ratio that is a predetermined amount higher than the maximum NOx concentration fuel-air ratio Rmax.
- the NOx concentration is extremely low, and even if the fuel-air ratio changes within this small fuel-air ratio region RRa, the NOx concentration remains low. little change. Further, even in the large fuel-air ratio region RRb, where the fuel-air ratio is larger than the middle fuel-air ratio region RRm, the NOx concentration is extremely low, and even if the fuel-air ratio changes within the large fuel-air ratio region RRb, the NOx Concentration hardly changes.
- the unburned content concentration is extremely low, and even if the fuel-air ratio changes in this medium-fuel-air ratio region RRm, the unburned content concentration hardly changes.
- the concentration of unburned components gradually increases as the fuel-air ratio decreases.
- the concentration of unburned components is extremely low, and even if the fuel-air ratio changes in this region RRb1, the concentration of unburned components hardly changes.
- the concentration of unburned components sharply increases as the fuel-air ratio increases.
- the fuel-air ratio Rrr in the rich combustion region RA is located within the region RRb1 where the fuel-air ratio is small in the large fuel-air ratio region RRb. Therefore, during this rated load operation, the NOx concentration and the unburned content concentration in the gas flowing out from the rich combustion region RA are extremely low. Further, during rated load operation, the fuel-air ratio Rrl in the lean combustion area LA is located within the large fuel-air ratio area RRa1 in the low fuel-air ratio area RRa. Therefore, during this rated load operation, the NOx concentration and the unburned content concentration in the gas flowing out from this lean combustion area LA are extremely low. In addition, the fuel-air ratio (hereinafter referred to as the combustion chamber The fuel-air ratio) is a value between the fuel-air ratio in the rich combustion region RA and the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion region LA.
- partial load operation In the process of shifting the gas turbine 10 from rated load operation to partial load operation, and when the gas turbine 10 is in partial load operation (hereinafter referred to as partial load operation), the fuel supplied to the combustor 15 is The flow rate decreases, and the combustion chamber fuel-air ratio becomes smaller than during rated load operation.
- the fuel-air ratio Rpr in the rich combustion region RA becomes smaller than the fuel-air ratio Rrr in the rich combustion region RA during rated load operation, and is located within the middle fuel-air ratio region RRm. . Therefore, during partial load operation, the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out from the rich combustion region RA is higher than during rated load operation.
- the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the rich combustion region RA is extremely low, similarly to during rated load operation.
- the NOx concentration in the gas discharged from the rich combustion region RA increases, and the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 10 becomes higher than the predetermined value. may also be higher.
- the intake air amount is controlled by the intake controller 53 in order to reduce the NOx concentration during partial load operation.
- the combustion process S1 is executed.
- main combustion air Am and ammonia as fuel F are jetted from the combustor main body 15b into the combustion chamber 15s.
- dilution air Al is introduced into the quench area QA in the combustion chamber 15s from the opening 15o.
- the rich combustion area RA, the quench area QA, and the lean combustion area LA are formed in the combustion chamber 15s.
- the NOx concentration detection process S2 and the unburned concentration detection process S3 are executed.
- the NOx concentration meter 58 detects the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas.
- the unburned concentration meter 59 detects the unburned concentration in the exhaust gas.
- the intake controller 53 controls the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 by reducing the amount of intake air, which is the flow rate of the air sucked into the compressor casing 14c.
- the operation of the IGV 14v is controlled so that the concentration of unburned fuel is less than a predetermined value and the concentration of unburned fuel is within a predetermined range of concentration of unburned fuel.
- the intake controller 53 determines whether or not the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has reached or exceeded a predetermined value.
- the intake controller 53 determines that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has exceeded a predetermined value
- the intake air amount which is the flow rate of the air sucked into the compressor casing 14c
- the operation of the IGV 14v is controlled so that the NOx concentration becomes less than the predetermined value and the unburned content concentration falls within the predetermined unburned content concentration range.
- the intake controller 53 uses a predetermined relationship to adjust the intake air according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 .
- Amount (or IGV opening) may be defined.
- the predetermined relationship means that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the NOx concentration is less than a predetermined value (and the unburned concentration is within a predetermined unburned concentration range). It is a relationship with the intake air amount (or IGV opening) that fits within.
- the predetermined unburned concentration range is a range between the upper limit unburned concentration and the lower limit unburned concentration, which are determined according to the NOx concentration.
- the unburned components in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 10 are ammonia in this embodiment.
- the denitration device 28 uses ammonia to decompose NOx contained in the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 10 into nitrogen and water vapor. Therefore, if the exhaust gas contains ammonia as unburned matter, the ammonia in the exhaust gas can be used for the decomposition reaction of NOx, and the amount of ammonia supplied to the denitration device 28 can be suppressed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the operation of the IGV 14v is controlled so that the unburned content in the exhaust gas falls within a predetermined unburned content concentration range according to the NOx concentration.
- the opening degree of the IGV 14v is decreased, and the amount of intake air, which is the amount of air sucked into the compressor casing 14c, is decreased.
- the combustion chamber fuel-air ratio increases by a predetermined amount.
- the fuel-air ratio Rir in the rich combustion region RA is higher than the fuel-air ratio Rpr in the rich combustion region RA during simple partial load operation, even during partial load operation. It is increased by a predetermined amount, and is positioned within the low fuel-air ratio region RRb1 in the high fuel-air ratio region RRb. Therefore, by controlling the intake air amount as described above during partial load operation, the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the rich combustion region RA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation.
- the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the rich combustion region RA can be kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components. Further, even during partial load operation, the fuel-air ratio Ril in the lean combustion area LA is greater than the fuel-air ratio Rpl in the lean combustion area LA during simple partial load operation by a predetermined amount. , within the region RRa1 where the fuel-air ratio is large in the small fuel-air ratio region RRa. Therefore, by controlling the intake air amount as described above during partial load operation, the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation. The concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 10 can be kept extremely low, and the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas can be set in advance. can be kept within the unburned content concentration range.
- the gas turbine equipment of this embodiment includes a gas turbine 10, a compressed air return device 18, a denitrification device 28, a chimney 29, a fuel supply device 20, and a control device 50a, as in the first embodiment. .
- the control device 50a of this embodiment differs from the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50a of this embodiment has a fuel flow calculator 51 and a fuel controller 52, like the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50a of the present embodiment further includes a return air controller 54 and an intake controller 53a different from the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment.
- the intake controller 53a of this embodiment controls the IGV 14v according to the fuel flow rate from the fuel flow calculator 51, like the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment. However, the intake controller 53a of this embodiment does not control the IGV 14v according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the unburned concentration detected by the unburned concentration meter 59. Instead, the return air controller 54 controls the operation of the return air control valve 18v according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the unburned concentration detected by the unburned concentration meter 59 .
- the combustion step S1 is executed. Furthermore, during execution of the combustion process S1, the NOx concentration detection process S2 and the unburned concentration detection process S3 are executed as in the first embodiment.
- the return air controller 54 increases the flow rate of the return air Ab flowing through the air return line 18p by a predetermined amount in accordance with the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58. , the operation of the return air control valve 18v is controlled so that the NOx concentration is less than a predetermined value and the unburned concentration is within a predetermined unburned concentration range. Specifically, in the return air control step S5, for example, first, the return air controller 54 determines whether the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has reached or exceeded a predetermined value.
- the return air controller 54 determines that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has exceeded a predetermined value
- the flow rate of the return air Ab flowing through the air return line 18p is increased by the predetermined amount.
- the operation of the return air control valve 18v is controlled so that the NOx concentration falls below a predetermined value and the unburned content concentration falls within a predetermined unburned content concentration range.
- the opening degree of the return air control valve 18v is increased, and the flow rate of the return air Ab is increased by a predetermined amount.
- the return air controller 54 uses a predetermined relationship to adjust the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58.
- the amount of return air (or the degree of opening of the return air control valve) may be determined.
- the predetermined relationship means that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the NOx concentration is less than a predetermined value (and the unburned concentration is within a predetermined unburned concentration range). (or the opening of the return air control valve).
- the combustion chamber fuel-air ratio increases by a predetermined amount, similar to the case where the intake air amount is decreased in the first embodiment.
- the fuel-air ratio Rbr in the rich combustion region RA is lower than the fuel-air ratio Rpr in the rich combustion region RA during simple partial load operation described above. It is increased by a predetermined amount, and is positioned within the low fuel-air ratio region RRb1 in the high fuel-air ratio region RRb.
- the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out from the rich combustion region RA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation.
- concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out from the rich combustion area RA can be kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components.
- the fuel-air ratio Rbl in the lean combustion area LA is greater than the fuel-air ratio Rpl in the lean combustion area LA during simple partial load operation by a predetermined amount. , within the region RRa1 where the fuel-air ratio is large in the small fuel-air ratio region RRa.
- the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation.
- concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept within a predetermined unburned component concentration range.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 10 can be kept extremely low, and the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas can be set in advance. can be kept within the unburned content concentration range.
- the gas turbine equipment of this embodiment includes a gas turbine 10, a compressed air return device 18, a denitrification device 28, a chimney 29, a fuel supply device 20, and a control device 50b, as in the first embodiment. .
- the control device 50b of this embodiment differs from the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50b of this embodiment has a fuel flow calculator 51 and a fuel controller 52, like the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50b of the present embodiment further includes a dilution air controller 55 and an intake controller 53a different from the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment.
- the intake controller 53a of this embodiment controls the IGV 14v according to the fuel flow rate from the fuel flow calculator 51, like the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment.
- the intake controller 53a of the present embodiment is configured according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the unburned concentration detected by the unburned concentration meter 59. and does not control the IGV 14v.
- the dilution air controller 55 controls the operation of the dilution air control valve 17v according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the unburned concentration detected by the unburned concentration meter 59 .
- the combustion step S1 is executed. Furthermore, during execution of the combustion process S1, the NOx concentration detection process S2 and the unburned concentration detection process S3 are executed as in the first embodiment.
- the dilution air controller 55 increases the flow rate of the dilution air Al introduced into the combustion chamber 15s by a predetermined amount in accordance with the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58. , the operation of the dilution air control valve 17v is controlled so that the NOx concentration is less than a predetermined value and the unburned concentration is within a predetermined unburned concentration range. Specifically, in the dilution air control step S6, for example, first, the dilution air controller 55 determines whether the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has reached or exceeded a predetermined value.
- the dilution air controller 55 determines that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has exceeded a predetermined value, the dilution air controller 55 reduces the flow rate of the dilution air Al introduced into the combustion chamber 15s by a predetermined amount.
- the operation of the dilution air control valve 17v is controlled so that the NOx concentration becomes less than the predetermined value and the unburned content concentration falls within the predetermined unburned content concentration range.
- the flow rate of the dilution air Al flowing into the combustion chamber 15s increases by a predetermined amount, while main combustion injected from the combustor body 15b into the combustion chamber 15s
- the flow rate of the air Am is reduced by a predetermined amount.
- the dilution air controller 55 determines that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 is increasing, the dilution air controller 55 uses a predetermined relationship to adjust the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58.
- the amount of dilution air (or the degree of opening of the dilution air control valve) may be determined.
- the predetermined relationship means that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the NOx concentration is less than a predetermined value (and the unburned concentration is within a predetermined unburned concentration range). (or the degree of opening of the dilution air control valve).
- the combustion chamber air-fuel ratio does not change only by controlling the operation of the dilution air control valve 17v.
- the ratio Rcr is greater by a predetermined amount than the fuel-air ratio Rpr in the rich combustion region RA during simple partial load operation described above, so that the fuel-air ratio Rpr increases in the large fuel-air ratio region RRb. It is positioned within the region RRb1 where the air ratio is small. Therefore, by controlling the flow rate of the dilution air Al during partial load operation as described above, the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the rich combustion region RA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation.
- the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out from the rich combustion area RA can be kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components. Even if the flow rate of the dilution air Al increases by a predetermined amount, the fuel-air ratio Rcl in the lean combustion region LA does not change from the fuel-air ratio Rpl in the lean combustion region LA during simple partial load operation described above. This is because even if the flow rate of the dilution air Al increases by a predetermined amount, the flow rate of the air in the gas flowing out from the rich combustion area RA decreases by a predetermined amount.
- the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation.
- concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept within a predetermined unburned component concentration range.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 10 can be kept extremely low, and the unburned content concentration in the exhaust gas can be set in advance. can be kept within the unburned content concentration range.
- the gas turbine equipment of this embodiment includes a gas turbine 10, a compressed air return device 18, a denitrification device 28, a chimney 29, a fuel supply device 20, and a control device 50c, as in the first embodiment. .
- the control device 50c of this embodiment is different from the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50c of this embodiment has a fuel flow calculator 51 and a fuel controller 52, like the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50c of the present embodiment further includes a return air controller 54c, a cooperative controller 56, and an intake controller 53c different from the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment.
- the intake controller 53c of this embodiment controls the IGV 14v according to the fuel flow rate from the fuel flow calculator 51, like the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment.
- the intake controller 53c of the present embodiment controls the IGV 14v according to instructions from the cooperative controller 56.
- FIG. The return air controller 54c controls the return air control valve 18v according to instructions from the cooperative controller 56.
- FIG. The cooperative controller 56 controls the operation of the IGV 14v by the intake controller 53c and the return air controller 54c according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the unburned concentration detected by the unburned concentration meter 59. It cooperates with the operation control of the return air control valve 18v.
- the combustion step S1 is executed. Furthermore, during execution of the combustion process S1, the NOx concentration detection process S2 and the unburned concentration detection process S3 are executed as in the first embodiment.
- the cooperative controller 56 instructs the intake controller 53c to control the IGV 14v according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58. Specifically, for example, the cooperative controller 56 determines whether the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has reached or exceeded a predetermined value. Then, when the cooperative controller 56 determines that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has exceeded a predetermined value, it instructs the intake controller 53c to control the IGV 14v. At this time, the cooperative controller 56 instructs the intake controller 53c to make the NOx concentration less than a predetermined value by reducing the intake air amount by a predetermined amount.
- the intake controller 53c controls the operation of the IGV 14v in an intake control step S4c so that the intake air amount is reduced by a predetermined amount and the NOx concentration is less than a predetermined value. Due to this operation control of the IGV 14v, the opening of the IGV 14v is reduced, and the amount of intake air sucked into the compressor casing 14c is reduced.
- the combustion chamber fuel-air ratio increases by a predetermined amount.
- the fuel-air ratio Rir in the rich combustion region RA is higher than the fuel-air ratio Rpr in the rich combustion region RA during simple partial load operation described above. It is increased by a predetermined amount, and is positioned within the low fuel-air ratio region RRb1 in the high fuel-air ratio region RRb. Therefore, by controlling the intake air amount as described above during partial load operation, the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the rich combustion region RA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation.
- the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the rich combustion region RA can be kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components. Further, even during partial load operation, the fuel-air ratio Ril in the lean combustion area LA is greater than the fuel-air ratio Rpl in the lean combustion area LA during simple partial load operation by a predetermined amount. , within the region RRa1 where the fuel-air ratio is large in the small fuel-air ratio region RRa. Therefore, by controlling the intake air amount as described above during partial load operation, the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation. The concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out from the lean combustion area LA can be made lower than in the simple partial load operation described above.
- the cooperative controller 56 determines whether it is the first case, the second case, or the third case below.
- Case 1 When the concentration of unburned carbon in the exhaust gas does not fall within the predetermined concentration range of unburned carbon.
- Case 3 When the IGV 14v operation alone does not increase the fuel-air ratio by a predetermined amount
- the cooperative controller 56 determines that it is the first case or the second case, the cooperative controller 56 instructs the return air controller 54c to control the return air control valve 18v. instruct.
- the flow rate of the return air Ab flowing through the air return line 18p is increased by a predetermined amount, so that the concentration of unburned
- the return air controller 54c is instructed to stay within the minute concentration range.
- the return air controller 54c increases the flow rate of the return air Ab flowing through the air return line 18p by a predetermined amount in the return air control step S5c, thereby increasing the concentration of unburned components.
- the return air control valve 18v is controlled so that the concentration of unburned components falls within the determined range. By controlling the operation of the return air control valve 18v, the opening degree of the return air control valve 18v is increased, and the flow rate of the return air Ab is increased by a predetermined amount.
- the cooperative controller 56 determines that it is the second case, the flow rate of the return air Ab flowing through the air return line 18p is increased by a predetermined amount, so that the concentration of unburned components becomes lower.
- the return air controller 54c increases the flow rate of the return air Ab flowing through the air return line 18p by a predetermined amount in the return air control step S5c, thereby lowering the concentration of unburned components.
- the return air control valve 18v is controlled so that By controlling the operation of the return air control valve 18v, the opening degree of the return air control valve 18v is increased, and the flow rate of the return air Ab is increased by a predetermined amount.
- the flow rate of the return air Ab flowing through the air return line 18p increases by a predetermined amount, so that the fuel-air ratio is increased by a predetermined amount.
- the return air controller 54c directs the return air controller 54c to increase.
- the return air controller 54c controls the return air control valve 18v so that the concentration of unburned components falls within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components.
- the opening degree of the return air control valve 18v is increased, and the flow rate of the return air Ab is increased by a predetermined amount.
- the fuel-air ratio Ribr in the rich combustion region RA becomes the fuel-air ratio Rir in the rich combustion region RA after execution of the above-described intake control step S4c. It is increased by a predetermined amount, and is positioned within the low fuel-air ratio region RRb1 in the large fuel-air ratio region RRb. Therefore, even during partial load operation, the concentration of NOx in the gas flowing out of the rich combustion region RA can be kept extremely low, and the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the rich combustion region RA can be adjusted in advance.
- the concentration of unburned components within a predetermined range, or to lower the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out from the rich combustion region RA.
- the fuel-air ratio Ribl in the lean combustion region LA becomes larger by a predetermined amount than the fuel-air ratio Ril in the rich combustion region RA after execution of the above-described intake control step S4c. It is positioned within the region RRa1 where the fuel-air ratio is large. Therefore, even during partial load operation, the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept extremely low, and the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be adjusted in advance. It is possible to keep the concentration of unburned components within a predetermined range or to lower the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 10 can be kept extremely low, and the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas can be set in advance.
- the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas can be kept within the above range, or the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas can be made lower.
- the fuel-air ratio can be changed in both the execution of the intake air control process and the execution of the return air control process. Therefore, by executing either one of the intake control process and the return air control process, the NOx concentration and the unburned content concentration can be adjusted.
- the return air control process when executed, the flow rate of the return air increases, so the load on the compressor 14 increases. Therefore, when the return air control process is executed, the gas turbine efficiency becomes lower than when the intake air control process is executed. In other words, gas turbine efficiency is higher when performing the intake air control process than when performing the return air control process.
- the intake control step S4c is first executed in order to reduce the gas turbine efficiency while reducing the NOx concentration.
- the return air control step S5c is executed in order to effectively reduce the concentration of unburned components.
- the return air control process S5c is executed after the intake control process S4c is executed.
- the intake air control step S4c and the return air control step S5c may be executed in parallel.
- the cooperative controller 56 determines that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has reached or exceeded a predetermined value
- the fuel-air ratio is changed in the execution of the intake control step S4c and the return air control step S5c.
- the amount of increase is set to a predetermined amount according to the NOx concentration.
- the cooperative controller 56 predetermines the ratio between the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio when only the intake air control step S4c is performed and the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio when only the return air control step S5c is performed. ratio. Then, the cooperative controller 56 determines the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio in each process from this ratio and the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio in the execution of the intake control process S4c and the return air control process S5c. Finally, the cooperative controller 56 informs the intake controller 53c of the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio due to execution of the intake control step S4c, and to the return air controller 54c, It conveys the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio.
- the ratio between the amount of change in the fuel-air ratio in adjusting the intake air amount by the IGV 14v and the amount of change in the fuel-air ratio in adjusting the flow rate of the return air Ab by the return air control valve 18v is determined in advance.
- the intake controller 53c is caused to control the intake air regulator and the return air controller 54c is caused to control the return air control valve 18v so as to achieve the ratio.
- the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio in the execution of only the intake control step S4c is returned. It is preferable to determine the above-mentioned predetermined ratio so as to be larger than the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio when only the air control step S5c is executed. Further, when priority is given to lowering the unburned content concentration, the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio when only the return air control step S5c is executed is larger than the amount of increase in the fuel-air ratio when only the intake air control step S4c is executed. It is preferable to determine the above-mentioned predetermined ratio so that This predetermined ratio is externally stored in the cooperative controller 56, and the cooperative controller 56 performs cooperative control using this predetermined ratio.
- the change sensitivity of the NOx concentration and unburned content concentration to changes in the intake air amount is different from the change sensitivity of the NOx concentration and unburned content concentration to changes in the return air amount. Therefore, when the intake control step S4c and the return air control step S5c are executed in parallel, for example, the IGV opening is increased, the return air control valve 18v is increased, and the ratio of these operation amounts is set appropriately. , it is possible to reduce the concentration of unburned components while keeping the NOx concentration constant.
- the gas turbine equipment of this embodiment includes a gas turbine 10, a compressed air return device 18, a denitration device 28, a chimney 29, a fuel supply device 20, and a control device 50d, as in the first embodiment. .
- the control device 50d of this embodiment is different from the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- a control device 50d of the present embodiment has a fuel flow calculator 51 and a fuel controller 52, like the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50d of this embodiment further includes a dilution air controller 55d, a coordination controller 56d, and an intake controller 53d different from the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment.
- the intake controller 53d of this embodiment controls the IGV 14v according to the fuel flow rate from the fuel flow calculator 51, like the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment. Further, the intake controller 53d of the present embodiment controls the IGV 14v according to instructions from the cooperative controller 56d.
- the dilution air controller 55d controls the dilution air control valve 17v according to instructions from the cooperative controller 56d.
- the cooperative controller 56d controls the operation of the IGV 14v by the intake controller 53d and the dilution air controller 55d according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the unburned concentration detected by the unburned concentration meter 59. It is coordinated with the operation control of the dilution air control valve 17v.
- the combustion step S1 is executed. Furthermore, during execution of the combustion process S1, the NOx concentration detection process S2 and the unburned concentration detection process S3 are executed as in the first embodiment.
- the cooperative controller 56d instructs the intake controller 53d to control the IGV 14v and the dilution air controller 55d to control the dilution air control valve 17v according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58. do. Specifically, for example, the cooperative controller 56d determines whether the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has reached or exceeded a predetermined value. Then, when the cooperative controller 56d determines that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has exceeded a predetermined value, it instructs the intake controller 53d to control the IGV 14v, and the dilution air controller 55d. to control the dilution air control valve 17v.
- the intake air control process is not executed, and only the dilution air control process is executed as in the third embodiment.
- the fuel-air ratio Rcl in the lean combustion region LA is the same as the fuel-air ratio Rpl in the lean combustion region LA during simple partial load operation. .
- the cooperative controller 56d prevents the NOx concentration from becoming less than a predetermined value and the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA from becoming high. is within a predetermined unburned concentration range, the control of the dilution air control valve 17v by the dilution air controller 55d and the control of the IGV 14v by the intake controller 53d are cooperatively controlled. Specifically, the cooperative controller 56d controls the IGV 14v by the intake controller 53d to reduce the intake air amount so that the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion area LA does not change and the fuel-air ratio in the rich combustion area increases.
- the dilution air control valve 17v is controlled by the dilution air controller 55d to increase the flow rate of the dilution air Al.
- the intake controller 53d and the dilution air controller 55d are operated by the instructions from the cooperative controller 56d as described above to the intake controller 53d and the dilution air controller 55d, and the intake control process S4d and the dilution air control process S6d are performed. executed.
- the intake control step S4d and the diluted air control step S6d are executed to reduce the intake air amount by a predetermined amount.
- the flow rate of the dilution air Al is increased by a predetermined amount.
- the fuel-air ratio Ricr in the rich combustion region RA is higher than the fuel-air ratio Rpr in the rich combustion region RA during simple partial load operation described above. It is increased by a predetermined amount, and is positioned within the low fuel-air ratio region RRb1 in the high fuel-air ratio region RRb.
- the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the rich combustion region RA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation.
- concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out from the rich combustion area RA can be kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components.
- the fuel-air ratio Ricl in the lean combustion region LA is a predetermined amount more than the fuel-air ratio Rcl in the lean combustion region LA when only the dilution air control step S6d is executed even during partial load operation. only get bigger.
- the NOx concentration in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept extremely low even during partial load operation.
- concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept low and kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 10 can be kept extremely low, and the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas can be set in advance. can be kept within the unburned content concentration range.
- the cooperative controller 56d of the present embodiment coordinates the operation control of the IGV 14v by the intake controller 53d and the operation control of the dilution air control valve 17v by the dilution air controller 55d.
- the coordination controller 56d may coordinate the operation control of the return air control valve 18v by the return air controller 54d and the operation control of the dilution air control valve 17v by the dilution air controller 55d.
- the cooperative controller 56d controls that the NOx concentration becomes less than the predetermined value and the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA does not increase, and the concentration of unburned components does not reach the predetermined value.
- the operation control of the IGV 14v by the intake controller 53d and the control of the dilution air control valve 17v by the dilution air controller 55d are cooperatively controlled so that the concentration of unburned components is within the range.
- the cooperative controller 56d causes the return air controller 54d to control the return air control valve 18v so that the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion region LA does not change and the fuel-air ratio in the rich combustion region increases.
- the dilution air controller 55d controls the dilution air control valve 17v to increase the flow rate of the dilution air Al.
- the gas turbine equipment of this embodiment includes a gas turbine 10, a compressed air return device 18, a denitrification device 28, a chimney 29, a fuel supply device 20, and a control device 50e, as in the first embodiment. .
- the control device 50e of this embodiment is different from the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50e of this embodiment has a fuel flow calculator 51 and a fuel controller 52, like the control device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the control device 50e of the present embodiment further includes a return air controller 54e, a dilution air controller 55e, a coordination controller 56e, and an intake controller 53e different from the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment. .
- the intake controller 53e of this embodiment controls the IGV 14v according to the fuel flow rate from the fuel flow calculator 51, like the intake controller 53 of the first embodiment. Further, the intake controller 53e of the present embodiment controls the IGV 14v according to instructions from the cooperative controller 56e.
- the return air controller 54e controls the return air control valve 18v according to instructions from the cooperative controller 56e.
- the dilution air controller 55e controls the dilution air control valve 17v according to instructions from the cooperative controller 56e.
- the cooperative controller 56e controls the operation of the IGV 14v by the intake controller 53e and the return air controller 54e according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 and the unburned concentration detected by the unburned concentration meter 59. Operation control of the return air control valve 18v and operation control of the dilution air control valve 17v by the dilution air controller 55e are coordinated.
- the combustion step S1 is executed. Furthermore, during execution of the combustion process S1, the NOx concentration detection process S2 and the unburned concentration detection process S3 are executed as in the first embodiment.
- the cooperative controller 56e instructs the intake controller 53e to control the IGV 14v and the return air controller 54e to control the return air control valve 18v according to the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58. Furthermore, it instructs the dilution air controller 55e to control the dilution air control valve 17v. Specifically, for example, the cooperative controller 56e determines whether the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has reached or exceeded a predetermined value. Then, when the cooperative controller 56e judges that the NOx concentration detected by the NOx concentration meter 58 has exceeded a predetermined value, it instructs the intake controller 53e to control the IGV 14v, and instructs the return air controller 54e to control the IGV 14v. Directs control of return air control valve 18v and directs dilution air control 55e to control dilution air control valve 17v.
- the intake control step S4e by the intake controller 53e, the return air control step S5e by the return air controller 54e, and the dilution air control step S6e by the dilution air controller 55e are executed.
- the cooperative controller 56e cooperatively controls the control of the IGV 14v by the intake controller 53e and the control of the return air control valve 18v by the return air controller 54e. Therefore, even in this case, the return air control step S5e may be executed after the intake control step S4e is executed, or the intake control step S4e and the return air control step S5e may be executed in parallel. In this case, the cooperative controller 56e controls the IGV 14v by the intake controller 53e and the return air control valve 18v by the return air controller 54e, as in the fifth embodiment described above. The dilution air control valve 17v is cooperatively controlled by the device 55e.
- the intake air control step S4e, the return air control step S5e, and the diluted air control step S6e are executed to determine the intake air amount.
- the flow rate of the return air Ab increases by a predetermined amount
- the flow rate of the dilution air Al increases by a predetermined amount.
- the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out from the rich combustion area RA can be kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components.
- the fuel-air ratio Ribcl in the lean combustion region LA is set by a predetermined amount more than the fuel-air ratio Rcl in the lean combustion region LA when only the dilution air control process is executed, even during partial load operation. growing. Therefore, during partial load operation, by controlling the intake air amount, the flow rate of return air Ab, and the flow rate of dilution air Al as described above, even during partial load operation, the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA In addition, the concentration of unburned components in the gas flowing out of the lean combustion area LA can be kept low and kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 10 can be kept extremely low, and the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas can be set in advance. can be kept within the unburned content concentration range.
- the NOx concentration meter 58 in each of the above embodiments detects the concentration of NOx contained in the exhaust gas that is exhausted from the gas turbine 10 and before flowing into the denitration device 28 . Further, the unburned content concentration meter 59 detects the concentration of unburned ammonia contained in the exhaust gas that has been exhausted from the gas turbine 10 and before it flows into the denitrification device 28 . However, the NOx concentration meter 58 may detect the concentration of NOx contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the denitration device 28 . Further, the unburned concentration meter 59 may detect the concentration of unburned ammonia contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the denitrification device 28 .
- the combustion chamber former 15c in each of the above embodiments may have a plurality of openings 15o.
- the dilution air conditioner 17 should be connected to at least one opening 15o among the plurality of openings 15o.
- the dilution air control device 17 in each of the above embodiments has a dilution air control valve 17v and a dilution air line 17p.
- dilution air conditioner 17 may be devoid of dilution air line 17p.
- the valve casing 17vc of the dilution air control valve 17v is directly connected to the combustion chamber former 15c.
- the gas turbine equipment in each of the above embodiments includes a compressed air return device 18 and a dilution air conditioner 17.
- the compressed air return device 18 may be omitted in gas turbine equipment in which the return air control process is not performed.
- the dilution air conditioner 17 may be omitted in gas turbine equipment in which the dilution air control process is not performed.
- the gas turbine equipment in the first aspect It comprises a gas turbine 10, a NOx concentration meter 58 for detecting the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, which is the combustion gas discharged from the gas turbine 10, and controllers 50, 50c, 50d and 50e.
- the gas turbine 10 can be driven by a compressor 14 capable of compressing air to generate compressed air, a combustor 15 capable of burning ammonia as a fuel in the compressed air to generate combustion gas, and the combustion gas.
- a turbine 16 The compressor 14 includes a compressor rotor 14r rotatable about an axis Ar, a compressor casing 14c covering the compressor rotor 14r, and an intake air amount, which is the flow rate of air sucked into the compressor casing 14c, adjusted.
- the combustor 15 includes a combustion chamber former 15c that forms a combustion chamber 15s in which the fuel is combusted and that can guide the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine 16, and the combustion chamber 15s. and a combustor main body 15b capable of injecting the main combustion air Am, which is part of the ammonia and the compressed air, inside.
- the combustion chamber forming device 15c is formed with an opening 15o through which the dilution air Al, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber 15s from outside the combustion chamber forming device 15c.
- the combustor 15 has a rich combustion region RA in which the fuel from the combustor main body 15b is burned in the combustion chamber 15s at a fuel-air ratio, which is the ratio of fuel to air, which is higher than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. Then, the gas from the rich combustion area RA is diluted with the dilution air Al from the opening 15o, and the fuel contained in the gas diluted with the dilution air Al is reduced to the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. and a lean combustion region LA in which fuel is burned in a fuel-air ratio smaller than the air ratio.
- a fuel-air ratio which is the ratio of fuel to air, which is higher than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio.
- the controllers 50, 50c, 50d, and 50e control the operation of the intake air regulator 14v so that the intake air amount decreases according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas detected by the NOx concentration meter 58. It has intake controllers 53, 53c, 53d and 53e.
- the amount of NOx generated changes according to the fuel-air ratio in the fuel combustion region.
- the combustor 15 of this aspect is a combustor in which a rich combustion area RA and a lean combustion area LA are formed in the combustion chamber 15s. Therefore, the combustor 15 of this embodiment is a combustor that employs the RQL (Rich burn quick Quench Leanburn) method. Further, the combustor 15 of this aspect uses ammonia as fuel.
- the combustion chamber fuel-air ratio which is the ratio of the total fuel flow rate injected into the combustion chamber 15s to the total combustion air flowing into the combustion chamber 15s, becomes smaller than during rated load operation.
- the amount of NOx generated in the combustor 15 is not limited to the combustor 15 adopting the RQL method, and changes according to the fuel-air ratio in the fuel combustion region.
- both the fuel-air ratios in the rich combustion region RA and the lean combustion region LA become small during partial load operation, and the exhaust from the combustor 15 NOx concentration in the combustion gas increases.
- the intake controllers 53, 53c, 53d, and 53e control the operation of the intake regulator 14v so that the amount of intake air decreases.
- the intake air amount is small, the fuel-air ratios both in the rich combustion region RA and the lean combustion region LA become large. As a result, in this aspect, the amount of NOx emissions can be suppressed.
- the gas turbine equipment in the second aspect further includes an unburned content concentration meter 59 for detecting the concentration of unburned content in the exhaust gas, and the intake controllers 53, 53c, 53d, and 53e detect The intake regulator 14v operates so that the NOx concentration is less than a predetermined value and the unburned concentration in the exhaust gas falls within a predetermined unburned concentration range determined according to the NOx concentration. to control.
- the amount of unburned fuel remaining in the combustor 15 varies depending on the fuel-air ratio in the combustion region of the fuel, not only in the combustor 15 that employs the RQL method.
- the fuel-air ratios in the rich combustion region RA and the lean combustion region LA both become small during partial load operation, and exhaust from the combustor 15
- concentration of unburned components in the combustion gas from the combustor 15 increases.
- the intake controllers 53, 53c, 53d, and 53e control the operation of the intake regulator 14v so that the amount of intake air decreases.
- the intake air amount is small, the fuel-air ratios in both the rich combustion region RA and the lean combustion region LA become large.
- the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas is set to the predetermined concentration of unburned components. That is, in this aspect, it is possible to suppress the amount of unburned emissions while suppressing the NOx concentration, and it is possible to keep the unburned concentration in the exhaust gas within a predetermined unburned concentration range.
- an air return line 18p capable of returning part of the compressed air discharged from the compressor casing 14c to the compressor casing 14c, and the air It further includes a return air control valve 18v capable of adjusting the flow rate of the return air Ab, which is the compressed air flowing through the return line 18p.
- the control devices 50c, 50d, 50e include return air controllers 54c, 54d, 54e for controlling the operation of the return air control valve 18v, and control of the intake air regulator 14v by the intake controllers 53c, 53d, 53e.
- cooperative controllers 56, 56d, 56e for coordinating control of the return air control valve 18v by the return air controllers 54c, 54d, 54e.
- the cooperative controllers 56, 56d, and 56e cause the return air controllers 54c, 54d, and 54e to adjust the flow rate of the return air Ab according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas detected by the NOx concentration meter 58.
- the return air control valve 18v is controlled to increase.
- an air return line 18p capable of returning part of the compressed air discharged from the compressor casing 14c to the compressor casing 14c, and an air return line 18p. It further includes a return air control valve 18v capable of adjusting the flow rate of the flowing return air Ab, which is the compressed air.
- the control devices 50c, 50d, 50e include return air controllers 54c, 54d, 54e for controlling the operation of the return air control valve 18v, and control of the intake air regulator 14v by the intake controllers 53c, 53d, 53e. cooperative controllers 56, 56d, 56e for coordinating control of the return air control valve 18v by the return air controllers 54c, 54d, 54e.
- the cooperative controllers 56, 56d, and 56e are controlled so that the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas becomes less than a predetermined value and the unburned content concentration in the exhaust gas is determined according to the NOx concentration.
- the intake air controllers 53c, 53d and 53e are caused to control the intake air regulator 14v, and the return air controllers 54c, 54d and 54e are caused to control the return air control valve 18v so that the fuel concentration is within the range.
- the cooperative controllers 56, 56d and 56e control the intake controllers 53c, 53d and 53e so that the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is less than the predetermined value.
- the return air controllers 54c, 54d and 54e control the return air
- the control valve 18v adjusts the flow rate of the return air Ab so that the amount of the return air Ab increases.
- the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas is not within the range of concentration of unburned components.
- the second case is a case where a request for further reducing the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas is received.
- the operation of the intake regulator 14v alone does not increase the fuel-air ratio by a predetermined amount.
- the return air control valve 18v is controlled by the return air controllers 54c, 54d, and 54e to increase the flow rate of the return air Ab, so the load on the compressor 14 increases. Therefore, when the return air control valve 18v is controlled by the return air controllers 54c, 54d, and 54e, the gas turbine efficiency is higher than when the intake air regulator 14v is controlled by the intake controllers 53c, 53d, and 53e. becomes lower. Further, when the return air control valve 18v is controlled by the return air controllers 54c, 54d, and 54e to increase the flow rate of the return air Ab, the temperature of the compressed air flowing into the combustor 15 is increased by the intake controllers 53c, 53d, and 53e.
- control of the intake air regulator 14v by the intake controllers 53c, 53d, and 53e.
- Control of return air control valve 18v is preferably effected by devices 54c, 54d, 54e.
- control of the intake regulator 14v is first performed by the intake controllers 53c, 53d, and 53e. After this control, in the first or second case, the return air control valve 18v is controlled by the return air controllers 54c, 54d, and 54e in order to effectively reduce the unburned content concentration. do.
- the cooperative controllers 56, 56d, and 56e control the amount of change in the fuel-air ratio in the adjustment of the intake air amount by the intake air regulator 14v and the return air adjustment.
- the intake controllers 53c, 53d, and 53e control the intake air regulator 14v so that the ratio of the amount of change in the fuel-air ratio due to the adjustment of the flow rate of the return air Ab by the valve 18v becomes a predetermined ratio. and causes the return air controllers 54c, 54d and 54e to control the return air control valve 18v.
- the gas turbine efficiency when the gas turbine efficiency is prioritized, it is preferable to control the intake regulator 14v by the intake controllers 53, 53a, 53c, 53d, and 53e, and priority is given to lowering the concentration of unburned components.
- the return air control valve 18v by the return air controllers 54, 54c, 54d and 54e. Therefore, by appropriately setting the predetermined ratio in this aspect, it is possible to give priority to the gas turbine efficiency and to lower the concentration of unburned components.
- the gas turbine equipment in the seventh aspect further includes a dilution air control valve 17v for adjusting the flow rate of the dilution air Al introduced into the combustion chamber 15s through the opening 15o.
- the control devices 50d and 50e include dilution air controllers 55d and 55e that control the operation of the dilution air control valve 17v, control of the intake air regulator 14v by the intake controllers 53d and 53e, and control of the dilution air controller 55d. , 55e for controlling the dilution air control valve 17v.
- the cooperative controllers 56d and 56e cause the dilution air controllers 55d and 55e to increase the flow rate of the dilution air Al according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas detected by the NOx concentration meter 58.
- the dilution air control valve 17v is controlled.
- the combustor main body 15b when the dilution air control valve 17v is controlled by the dilution air controllers 55d and 55e and the flow rate of the dilution air Al flowing into the combustion chamber 15s of the combustor 15 adopting the RQL method increases, the combustor main body 15b , the flow rate of the main combustion air Am injected into the combustion chamber 15s decreases. Therefore, in this aspect, when the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas reaches or exceeds a predetermined value, the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion area LA does not change and the fuel-air ratio in the rich combustion area RA increases. As a result, in this aspect, the amount of NOx emissions can be suppressed.
- the coordination controllers 56d and 56e control the intake controller so that the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion area LA remains unchanged and the fuel-air ratio in the rich combustion area RA increases.
- the intake air amount is decreased by controlling the intake air regulator 14v by 53d and 53e, and the flow rate of the dilution air Al is increased by controlling the dilution air control valve 17v by the dilution air controllers 55d and 55e.
- the combustor 15 that employs the RQL method, when the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion area LA becomes smaller than a predetermined amount, the amount of unburned fuel in the lean combustion area LA increases. In this mode, since the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion area LA does not change, it is possible to suppress an increase in the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas.
- the gas turbine equipment in the ninth aspect further includes a dilution air control valve 17v for adjusting the flow rate of the dilution air Al introduced into the combustion chamber 15s through the opening 15o.
- the controller 50e has a dilution air controller 55e that controls the operation of the dilution air control valve 17v.
- the cooperative controller 56e controls the intake air regulator 14v by the intake controller 53e, controls the return air regulation valve 18v by the return air controller 54e, and regulates the dilution air by the dilution air controller 55e. Coordinates control of valve 17v.
- the cooperative controller 56e causes the dilution air controller 55e to increase the flow rate of the dilution air Al according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas detected by the NOx concentration meter 58. Let the valve 17v be controlled.
- the cooperative controller 56e controls the intake controller 53e, the return air controller 54e, and the dilution air controller 55e so that the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion area LA does not change. , so that the fuel-air ratio in the rich combustion region increases, the intake air amount is decreased by the intake air regulator 14v, and the flow rate of the return air Ab is increased by the return air control valve 18v, while the dilution air control valve 17v increases the flow rate of the dilution air Al.
- the gas turbine equipment in the eleventh aspect A gas turbine 10, an air return line 18p, a return air control valve 18v, a NOx concentration meter 58 for detecting the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, which is the combustion gas discharged from the gas turbine 10, and controllers 50a and 50c. , 50d, 50e.
- the gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 14 capable of compressing air to generate compressed air, a combustor 15 capable of burning fuel in the compressed air to generate combustion gas, and a turbine 16 driven by the combustion gas. and have
- the combustor 15 includes a combustion chamber former 15c that forms a combustion chamber 15s in which the fuel is combusted and that can guide the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine 16, and the combustion chamber 15s.
- a combustor main body 15b capable of injecting ammonia as the fuel and main combustion air Am, which is a part of the compressed air, is provided therein.
- the combustion chamber forming device 15c is formed with an opening 15o through which the dilution air Al, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber 15s from outside the combustion chamber forming device 15c.
- the combustor 15 has a rich combustion region RA in which the fuel from the combustor main body 15b is burned in the combustion chamber 15s at a fuel-air ratio, which is the ratio of fuel to air, which is higher than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio.
- the gas from the rich combustion area RA is diluted with the dilution air Al from the opening 15o, and the fuel contained in the gas diluted with the dilution air Al is reduced to the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. and a lean combustion region LA in which fuel is burned in a fuel-air ratio smaller than the air ratio.
- the air return line 18p is configured to return part of the compressed air discharged from the compressor 14 back into the compressor 14. As shown in FIG.
- the return air control valve 18v is configured to adjust the flow rate of the return air Ab, which is the compressed air flowing through the air return line 18p.
- the control devices 50a, 50c, 50d, and 50e adjust the return air control valve 18v so that the flow rate of the return air Ab increases according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, which is the combustion gas discharged from the turbine. It has a controlling return air controller 54, 54c, 54d, 54e.
- the return air controllers 54, 54c, 54d, and 54e operate the return air control valve 18v so that the flow rate of the return air Ab increases. to control.
- the return air controllers 54, 54c, 54d, and 54e operate the return air control valve 18v so that the flow rate of the return air Ab increases. to control.
- the fuel-air ratios both in the rich combustion area RA and the lean combustion area LA increase. As a result, in this aspect, the amount of NOx emissions can be suppressed.
- the gas turbine equipment in the twelfth aspect further includes an unburned content concentration meter 59 for detecting the unburned content concentration in the exhaust gas.
- the return air controllers 54, 54c, 54d, and 54e are controlled so that the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas becomes less than a predetermined value and the unburned content concentration in the exhaust gas is determined according to the NOx concentration.
- the operation of the return air control valve 18v is controlled so that the concentration of unburned components is within the determined range.
- the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas can be kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components while suppressing the concentration of NOx.
- the gas turbine equipment in the thirteenth aspect further includes a dilution air control valve 17v that adjusts the flow rate of the dilution air Al introduced into the combustion chamber 15s from the opening 15o.
- the control devices 50d and 50e include dilution air controllers 55d and 55e for controlling the operation of the dilution air control valve 17v, and control of the return air control valve 18v and the dilution air control by the return air controllers 54d and 54e.
- cooperative controllers 56d and 56e for coordinating the control of the dilution air control valve 17v by the devices 55d and 55e.
- the cooperative controllers 56d and 56e cause the dilution air controllers 55d and 55e to increase the flow rate of the dilution air Al according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas detected by the NOx concentration meter 58.
- the dilution air control valve 17v is controlled.
- the cooperative controllers 56d and 56e perform the return air control so that the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion region LA remains unchanged and the fuel-air ratio in the rich combustion region increases. While increasing the flow rate of the return air Ab by controlling the return air control valve 18v by the devices 54d and 54e, the flow rate of the dilution air Al is increased by controlling the dilution air control valve 17v by the dilution air controllers 55d and 55e. make more
- the combustor 15 that employs the RQL method, when the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion area LA becomes smaller than a predetermined amount, the amount of unburned fuel in the lean combustion area LA increases. In this mode, since the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion area LA does not change, it is possible to suppress an increase in the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas.
- the gas turbine equipment in the fifteenth aspect includes a gas turbine 10, a dilution air control valve 17v, and controllers 50b, 50d and 50e.
- the gas turbine 10 can be driven by a compressor 14 capable of compressing air to generate compressed air, a combustor 15 capable of burning ammonia as a fuel in the compressed air to generate combustion gas, and the combustion gas.
- the compressor 14 has a compressor rotor 14r rotatable around the axis Ar, and a compressor casing 14c covering the compressor rotor 14r.
- the combustor 15 includes a combustion chamber former 15c that forms a combustion chamber 15s in which the fuel is combusted and that can guide the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine 16, and the combustion chamber 15s. and a combustor main body 15b capable of injecting the main combustion air Am, which is part of the ammonia and the compressed air, inside.
- the combustion chamber forming device 15c is formed with an opening 15o through which the dilution air Al, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber 15s from outside the combustion chamber forming device 15c.
- the combustor 15 has a rich combustion region RA in which the fuel from the combustor main body 15b is burned in the combustion chamber 15s at a fuel-air ratio, which is the ratio of fuel to air, which is higher than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. Then, the gas from the rich combustion area RA is diluted with the dilution air Al from the opening 15o, and the fuel contained in the gas diluted with the dilution air Al is reduced to the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio. and a lean combustion region LA in which fuel is burned in a fuel-air ratio smaller than the air ratio.
- a fuel-air ratio which is the ratio of fuel to air, which is higher than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio.
- the dilution air control valve 17v is a valve capable of adjusting the flow rate of the dilution air Al introduced into the combustion chamber 15s through the opening 15o.
- the controllers 50b, 50d, and 50e control the dilution air control valve 17v so that the flow rate of the dilution air Al increases according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, which is the combustion gas discharged from the turbine. It has dilution air controllers 55, 55d, 55e.
- the combustor 15 when the dilution air control valve 17v is controlled by the dilution air controllers 55, 55d, and 55e and the flow rate of the dilution air Al flowing into the combustion chamber 15s of the combustor 15 adopting the RQL method increases, the combustor The flow rate of the main combustion air Am injected into the combustion chamber 15s from the main body 15b decreases. Therefore, in this aspect, when the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas reaches or exceeds a predetermined value, the fuel-air ratio in the lean combustion area LA decreases and the fuel-air ratio in the rich combustion area RA increases. As a result, in this aspect, the amount of NOx emissions can be suppressed.
- the gas turbine equipment in the sixteenth aspect further includes an unburned content concentration meter 59 for detecting the unburned content concentration in the exhaust gas.
- the dilution air controllers 55, 55d, and 55e are controlled so that the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas becomes less than a predetermined value and the concentration of unburned matter in the exhaust gas is determined in accordance with the NOx concentration.
- the dilution air control valve 17v is controlled so that the concentration of unburned components falls within the range.
- the concentration of unburned components in the exhaust gas can be kept within a predetermined concentration range of unburned components while suppressing the concentration of NOx.
- the gas turbine control method in the seventeenth aspect is applied to the following gas turbines.
- the gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 14 capable of compressing air to generate compressed air, a combustor 15 capable of burning fuel in the compressed air to generate combustion gas, and a turbine 16 driven by the combustion gas. and have
- the compressor 14 has a compressor rotor 14r rotatable around the axis Ar, and a compressor casing 14c covering the compressor rotor 14r.
- the combustor 15 includes a combustion chamber former 15c for forming a combustion chamber 15s in which the fuel is combusted and for guiding the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine, and and a combustor main body 15b capable of injecting ammonia as the fuel and main combustion air Am which is a part of the compressed air.
- the combustion chamber forming device 15c is formed with an opening 15o through which the dilution air Al, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber 15s from outside the combustion chamber forming device 15c.
- the ammonia as the fuel and the main combustion air Am are injected from the combustor main body 15b into the combustion chamber 15s, and the dilution air is injected into the combustion chamber 15s from the opening 15o.
- a rich combustion region RA in which Al is introduced into the combustion chamber 15s and the fuel from the combustor main body 15b is burned at a fuel-air ratio, which is a ratio of fuel to air, greater than the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio.
- the gas from the rich combustion area RA is diluted with the dilution air Al from the opening 15o, and the fuel contained in the gas diluted with the dilution air Al is reduced to the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio.
- Intake control steps S4, S4c, S4d, and S5d are executed.
- NOx emissions can be suppressed.
- the gas turbine control method in the eighteenth aspect includes: In the method for controlling the gas turbine 10 according to the seventeenth aspect, an unburned content concentration detection step S3 of detecting the unburned content concentration in the exhaust gas is further performed. In the intake control steps S4, S4c, S4d, and S5d, the concentration of NOx in the exhaust gas becomes less than a predetermined value, and the concentration of unburned matter reaches a predetermined unburned matter determined according to the concentration of NOx. The intake air amount is controlled so as to be within the concentration range.
- the gas turbine control method in the nineteenth aspect includes: In the control method of the gas turbine 10 according to the seventeenth aspect or the eighteenth aspect, according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas detected in the NOx concentration detection step S3, together with the intake control steps S4c and S4e, Return air control steps S5c and S5e are further executed to increase the flow rate of part of the compressed air discharged from the compressor casing 14c as return air Ab to be returned into the compressor casing 14c.
- NOx emissions can be suppressed.
- the gas turbine control method in the twentieth aspect includes: In the control method for the gas turbine 10 according to any one of the seventeenth to nineteenth aspects, the intake air Together with the control step S4e, a dilution air control step S6e for increasing the flow rate of the dilution air Al is further executed.
- NOx emissions can be suppressed.
- the gas turbine control method in the twenty-first aspect is applied to the following gas turbines.
- the gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 14 capable of compressing air to generate compressed air, a combustor 15 capable of burning fuel in the compressed air to generate combustion gas, and a turbine 16 driven by the combustion gas. and have
- the compressor 14 has a compressor rotor 14r rotatable around the axis Ar, and a compressor casing 14c covering the compressor rotor 14r.
- the combustor 15 includes a combustion chamber former 15c that forms a combustion chamber 15s in which the fuel is combusted and that can guide the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine 16, and the combustion chamber 15s.
- a combustor main body 15b capable of injecting ammonia as the fuel and main combustion air Am, which is a part of the compressed air, is provided therein.
- the combustion chamber forming device 15c is formed with an opening 15o through which the dilution air Al, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber 15s from outside the combustion chamber forming device 15c.
- the ammonia as the fuel and the main combustion air Am are injected from the combustor main body 15b into the combustion chamber 15s, and the dilution air is injected into the combustion chamber 15s from the opening 15o.
- the gas turbine control method in the twenty-second aspect includes: In the method for controlling the gas turbine 10 according to the twenty-first aspect, an unburned concentration detection step S3 for detecting an unburned concentration in the exhaust gas is further executed, and in the return air control steps S5, S5c, and S5e , the return air Ab is adjusted so that the concentration of NOx in the exhaust gas is less than a predetermined value and the concentration of unburned matter falls within a predetermined concentration range of unburned matter determined according to the concentration of NOx. Control the flow rate.
- the method for controlling a gas turbine in the twenty-third aspect includes: In the method for controlling the gas turbine 10 according to the twenty-first aspect or the twenty-second aspect, in accordance with the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas detected in the NOx concentration detecting step S3, together with the return air control step S5e , further executes a dilution air control step S6e for increasing the flow rate of the dilution air Al.
- the gas turbine control method in the twenty-fourth aspect is applied to the following gas turbines.
- the gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 14 capable of compressing air to generate compressed air, a combustor 15 capable of burning fuel in the compressed air to generate combustion gas, and a turbine 16 driven by the combustion gas. and have
- the compressor 14 has a compressor rotor 14r rotatable around the axis Ar, and a compressor casing 14c covering the compressor rotor 14r.
- the combustor 15 includes a combustion chamber former 15c that forms a combustion chamber 15s in which the fuel is combusted and that can guide the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel to the turbine 16, and the combustion chamber 15s.
- a combustor main body 15b capable of injecting ammonia as the fuel and main combustion air Am, which is a part of the compressed air, is provided therein.
- the combustion chamber forming device 15c is formed with an opening 15o through which the dilution air Al, which is a part of the compressed air, can be introduced into the combustion chamber 15s from outside the combustion chamber forming device 15c.
- the ammonia as the fuel and the main combustion air Am are injected from the combustor main body 15b into the combustion chamber 15s, and the dilution air is injected into the combustion chamber 15s from the opening 15o.
- NOx emissions can be reduced when ammonia is used as fuel for the gas turbine.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年2月15日に、日本国に出願された特願2021-021754号に基づき優先権を主張し、この内容をここに援用する。
ガスタービンと、前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度計と、制御装置と、を備える。前記ガスタービンは、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料としてのアンモニアを燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有する。前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、前記圧縮機ケーシングに吸い込まれる空気の流量である吸気量を調節する吸気調節器と、を有する。前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記アンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成されている。前記燃焼器は、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、が形成されるよう構成されている。前記制御装置は、前記NOx濃度計で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記吸気量が少なくなるよう、前記吸気調節器の動作を制御する吸気制御器を有する。
ガスタービンと、空気戻しラインと、戻し空気調節弁と、前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度計と、制御装置と、を備える。前記ガスタービンは、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有する。前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成されている。前記燃焼器は、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、が形成されるよう構成されている。前記空気戻しラインは、前記圧縮機ケーシングから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を前記圧縮機ケーシング内に戻せるよう構成されている。前記戻し空気調節弁は、前記空気戻しライン中を流れる前記圧縮空気である戻し空気の流量を調節できるよう構成されている。前記制御装置は、前記タービンから排気される燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記戻し空気の流量が多くなるよう、前記戻し空気調節弁を制御する戻し空気制御器を有する。
ガスタービンと、希釈空気調節弁と、制御装置と、を備える。前記ガスタービンは、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料としてのアンモニアを燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有する。前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、を有する。前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記アンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成されている。前記燃焼器は、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、が形成されるよう構成されている。前記希釈空気調節弁は、前記開口から前記燃焼室に導入する前記希釈空気の流量を調節可能な弁である。前記制御装置は、前記タービンから排気される燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気の流量が増加するよう、前記希釈空気調節弁を制御する希釈空気制御器を有する。
このガスタービンは、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有する。前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、を有する。前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成されている。
本態様の制御方法では、前記燃焼器本体から前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としての前記アンモニア及び前記主燃焼用空気を噴射すると共に、前記開口から前記燃焼室内に前記希釈空気を導入して、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、を形成する燃焼工程と、前記燃料の燃焼で生成され前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度検知工程と、前記NOx濃度検知工程で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記圧縮機ケーシングに吸い込まれる空気の流量である吸気量を少なくなする吸気制御工程と、を実行する。
このガスタービンは、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有する。前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、を有する。前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成されている。
本態様の制御方法では、前記燃焼器本体から前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としての前記アンモニア及び前記主燃焼用空気を噴射すると共に、前記開口から前記燃焼室内に前記希釈空気を導入して、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、を形成する燃焼工程と、前記燃料の燃焼で生成され前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度検知工程と、前記NOx濃度検知工程で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記圧縮機ケーシングから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を戻し空気として、前記圧縮機ケーシング内に戻す流量を多くする戻し空気制御工程と、を実行する。
このガスタービンは、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有する。前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、を有する。前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成されている。
本態様の制御方法では、前記燃焼器本体から前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としての前記アンモニア及び前記主燃焼用空気を噴射すると共に、前記開口から前記燃焼室内に前記希釈空気を導入して、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、を形成する燃焼工程と、前記燃料の燃焼で生成され前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度検知工程と、前記NOx濃度検知工程で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気の流量を多くする希釈空気制御工程と、を実行する。
以下、本開示に係るガスタービン設備の第一実施形態について、図1~図5を用いて説明する。
NOx濃度計58は、ガスタービン10から排気され脱硝装置28に流入する前の排気ガス中に含まれるNOxの濃度を検知する。未燃分濃度計59は、ガスタービン10から排気され脱硝装置28に流入する前の排気ガス中に含まれる未燃分であるアンモニアの濃度を検知する。
以下、本開示に係るガスタービン設備の第二実施形態について、図6~図8を用いて説明する。
以下、本開示に係るガスタービン設備の第三実施形態について、図9~図11を用いて説明する。
以下、本開示に係るガスタービン設備の第四実施形態について、図12~図14を用いて説明する。
第一の場合:排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まっていない場合
第二の場合:オペレター等から排気ガス中の未燃分濃度をより低下さるという要求を受け付けている場合
第三の場合:IGV14vの動作だけでは、燃空比が予め定められた分大きくならない場合
このため、部分負荷運転時であっても、リーン燃焼領域LAから流出したガス中のNOx濃度を極めて低く抑えることができる上に、リーン燃焼領域LAから流出したガス中の未燃分濃度を予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収める、又はリーン燃焼領域LAから流出したガス中の未燃分濃度をより低くすることができる。
以下、本開示に係るガスタービン設備の第五実施形態について、図15~図17を用いて説明する。
そして、協調制御器56dは、NOx濃度計58で検知されたNOx濃度が予め定められた値以上になったと判断すると、吸気制御器53dにIGV14vを制御するよう指示すると共に、希釈空気制御器55dに希釈空気調節弁17vを制御するよう指示する。
以下、本開示に係るガスタービン設備の第六実施形態について、図18~図20を用いて説明する。
以上の各実施形態におけるNOx濃度計58は、ガスタービン10から排気され脱硝装置28に流入する前の排気ガス中に含まれるNOxの濃度を検知する。また、未燃分濃度計59は、ガスタービン10から排気され脱硝装置28に流入する前の排気ガス中に含まれる未燃分であるアンモニアの濃度を検知する。しかしながら、NOx濃度計58は、脱硝装置28から排気された排気ガス中に含まれるNOxの濃度を検知してもよい。また、未燃分濃度計59は、脱硝装置28から排気された排気ガス中に含まれる未燃分であるアンモニアの濃度を検知してもよい。
以上の実施形態におけるガスタービン設備は、例えば、以下のように把握される。
ガスタービン10と、前記ガスタービン10から排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度計58と、制御装置50,50c,50d,50eと、を備える。前記ガスタービン10は、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機14と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料としてのアンモニアを燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器15と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービン16と、を有する。前記圧縮機14は、軸線Arを中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータ14rと、前記圧縮機ロータ14rを覆う圧縮機ケーシング14cと、前記圧縮機ケーシング14cに吸い込まれる空気の流量である吸気量を調節する吸気調節器14vと、を有する。前記燃焼器15は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービン16に導くことができる燃焼室15sを形成する燃焼室形成器15cと、前記燃焼室15s内に前記アンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気Amを噴射可能な燃焼器本体15bと、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器15cには、前記燃焼室形成器15c外から前記燃焼室15s内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気Alを導入可能な開口15oが形成されている。前記燃焼器15は、前記燃焼室15s内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体15bからの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域RAと、前記リッチ燃焼領域RAからのガスが前記開口15oからの前記希釈空気Alにより希釈され、前記希釈空気Alにより希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域LAと、が形成されるよう構成されている。前記制御装置50,50c,50d,50eは、前記NOx濃度計58で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記吸気量が少なくなるよう、前記吸気調節器14vの動作を制御する吸気制御器53,53c,53d,53eを有する。
前記第一態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度計59をさらに備え、前記吸気制御器53,53c,53d,53eは、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記吸気調節器14vの動作を制御する。
前記第一態様又は前記第二態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記圧縮機ケーシング14cから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を前記圧縮機ケーシング14c内に戻すことが可能な空気戻しライン18pと、前記空気戻しライン18p中を流れる前記圧縮空気である戻し空気Abの流量を調節可能な戻し空気調節弁18vと、をさらに備える。前記制御装置50c,50d,50eは、前記戻し空気調節弁18vの動作を制御する戻し空気制御器54c,54d,54eと、前記吸気制御器53c,53d,53eによる前記吸気調節器14vの制御と前記戻し空気制御器54c,54d,54eによる前記戻し空気調節弁18vの制御とを協調させる協調制御器56,56d,56eと、を有する。前記協調制御器56,56d,56eは、前記NOx濃度計58で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記戻し空気制御器54c,54d,54eに、前記戻し空気Abの流量が多くなるよう前記戻し空気調節弁18vを制御させる。
前記第二態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記圧縮機ケーシング14cから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を前記圧縮機ケーシング14c内に戻すことが可能な空気戻しライン18pと、前記空気戻しライン18p中を流れる前記圧縮空気である戻し空気Abの流量を調節可能な戻し空気調節弁18vと、をさらに備える。前記制御装置50c,50d,50eは、前記戻し空気調節弁18vの動作を制御する戻し空気制御器54c,54d,54eと、前記吸気制御器53c,53d,53eによる前記吸気調節器14vの制御と前記戻し空気制御器54c,54d,54eによる前記戻し空気調節弁18vの制御とを協調させる協調制御器56,56d,56eと、を有する。前記協調制御器56,56d,56eは、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記吸気制御器53c,53d,53eに前記吸気調節器14vを制御させると共に、前記戻し空気制御器54c,54d,54eに前記戻し空気調節弁18vを制御させる。
前記第四態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記協調制御器56,56d,56eは、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が前記予め定められた値未満になるよう、前記吸気制御器53c,53d,53eに前記吸気調節器14vを制御させた後、第一の場合、第二の場合、及び第三の場合のうちいずれか一の場合に、前記戻し空気制御器54c,54d,54eに、前記戻し空気調節弁18vにより、前記戻し空気Abが多くなるよう、前記戻し空気Abの流量を調節させる。前記第一の場合は、前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記未燃分濃度範囲内に収まっていない場合である。前記第二の場合は、前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度をより低下させるという要求を受け付けている場合である。前記第三の場合は、前記吸気調節器14vの動作だけでは、燃空比が予め定めた分大きくならない場合である。
前記第三態様又は前記第四態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記協調制御器56,56d,56eは、前記吸気調節器14vによる前記吸気量の調節での燃空比の変化量と前記戻し空気調節弁18vによる前記戻し空気Abの流量の調節での燃空比の変化量との比が、予め定められた比になるよう、前記吸気制御器53c,53d,53eに前記吸気調節器14vを制御させると共に、前記戻し空気制御器54c,54d,54eに前記戻し空気調節弁18vを制御させる。
前記第一態様から前記第六態様のうちのいずれか一態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記開口15oから前記燃焼室15sに導入する前記希釈空気Alの流量を調節する希釈空気調節弁17vをさらに備える。前記制御装置50d,50eは、前記希釈空気調節弁17vの動作を制御する希釈空気制御器55d,55eと、前記吸気制御器53d,53eによる前記吸気調節器14vの制御と前記希釈空気制御器55d,55eによる前記希釈空気調節弁17vの制御とを協調させる協調制御器56d,56eと、を有する。前記協調制御器56d,56eは、前記NOx濃度計58で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気制御器55d,55eに、前記希釈空気Alの流量が多くなるよう、前記希釈空気調節弁17vを制御させる。
前記第七態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記協調制御器56d,56eは、前記リーン燃焼領域LAの燃空比が変わらず、前記リッチ燃焼領域RAの燃空比が大きくなるよう、前記吸気制御器53d,53eによる前記吸気調節器14vの制御で前記吸気量を少なくさせつつ、前記希釈空気制御器55d,55eによる前記希釈空気調節弁17vの制御で前記希釈空気Alの流量を多くさせる。
前記第三態様から前記第六態様のうちのいずれか一態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記開口15oから前記燃焼室15sに導入する前記希釈空気Alの流量を調節する希釈空気調節弁17vをさらに備える。前記制御装置50eは、前記希釈空気調節弁17vの動作を制御する希釈空気制御器55eを有する。前記協調制御器56eは、前記吸気制御器53eによる前記吸気調節器14vの制御と、前記戻し空気制御器54eによる前記戻し空気調節弁18vの制御と、前記希釈空気制御器55eによる前記希釈空気調節弁17vの制御とを協調させる。前記協調制御器56eは、前記NOx濃度計58で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気制御器55eに、前記希釈空気Alの流量が多くなるよう、前記希釈空気調節弁17vを制御させる。
前記第九態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記協調制御器56eは、前記吸気制御器53e、前記戻し空気制御器54e及び前記希釈空気制御器55eに、前記リーン燃焼領域LAの燃空比が変わらず、前記リッチ燃焼領域の燃空比が大きくなるよう、前記吸気調節器14vにより前記吸気量を少なくさせ、前記戻し空気調節弁18vにより前記戻し空気Abの流量を多くさせつつ、前記希釈空気調節弁17vにより前記希釈空気Alの流量を多くさせる。
ガスタービン10と、空気戻しライン18pと、戻し空気調節弁18vと、前記ガスタービン10から排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度計58と、制御装置50a,50c,50d,50eと、を備える。前記ガスタービン10は、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機14と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器15と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービン16と、を有する。前記燃焼器15は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービン16に導くことができる燃焼室15sを形成する燃焼室形成器15cと、前記燃焼室15s内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気Amを噴射可能な燃焼器本体15bと、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器15cには、前記燃焼室形成器15c外から前記燃焼室15s内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気Alを導入可能な開口15oが形成されている。前記燃焼器15は、前記燃焼室15s内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体15bからの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域RAと、前記リッチ燃焼領域RAからのガスが前記開口15oからの前記希釈空気Alにより希釈され、前記希釈空気Alにより希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域LAと、が形成されるよう構成されている。前記空気戻しライン18pは、前記圧縮機14から吐出された圧縮空気の一部を前記圧縮機14内に戻せるよう構成されている。前記戻し空気調節弁18vは、前記空気戻しライン18p中を流れる前記圧縮空気である戻し空気Abの流量を調節できるよう構成されている。前記制御装置50a,50c,50d,50eは、前記タービンから排気される燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記戻し空気Abの流量が多くなるよう、前記戻し空気調節弁18vを制御する戻し空気制御器54,54c,54d,54eを有する。
前記第十一態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度計59をさらに備える。前記戻し空気制御器54,54c,54d,54eは、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記戻し空気調節弁18vの動作を制御する。
前記第十一態様又は前記第十二態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記開口15oから前記燃焼室15sに導入する前記希釈空気Alの流量を調節する希釈空気調節弁17vをさらに備える。前記制御装置50d,50eは、前記希釈空気調節弁17vの動作を制御する希釈空気制御器55d,55eと、前記戻し空気制御器54d,54eによる前記戻し空気調節弁18vの制御と前記希釈空気制御器55d,55eによる前記希釈空気調節弁17vの制御とを協調させる協調制御器56d,56eと、を有する。前記協調制御器56d,56eは、前記NOx濃度計58で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気制御器55d,55eに、前記希釈空気Alの流量が多くなるよう、前記希釈空気調節弁17vを制御させる。
前記第十三態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記協調制御器56d,56eは、前記リーン燃焼領域LAの燃空比が変わらず、前記リッチ燃焼領域の燃空比が大きくなるよう、前記戻し空気制御器54d,54eによる前記戻し空気調節弁18vの制御で前記戻し空気Abの流量を多くさせつつ、前記希釈空気制御器55d,55eによる前記希釈空気調節弁17vの制御で前記希釈空気Alの流量を多くさせる。
ガスタービン10と、希釈空気調節弁17vと、制御装置50b,50d,50eと、を備える。前記ガスタービン10は、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機14と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料としてのアンモニアを燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器15と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービン16と、を有する。前記圧縮機14は、軸線Arを中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータ14rと、前記圧縮機ロータ14rを覆う圧縮機ケーシング14cと、を有する。前記燃焼器15は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービン16に導くことができる燃焼室15sを形成する燃焼室形成器15cと、前記燃焼室15s内に前記アンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気Amを噴射可能な燃焼器本体15bと、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器15cには、前記燃焼室形成器15c外から前記燃焼室15s内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気Alを導入可能な開口15oが形成されている。前記燃焼器15は、前記燃焼室15s内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体15bからの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域RAと、前記リッチ燃焼領域RAからのガスが前記開口15oからの前記希釈空気Alにより希釈され、前記希釈空気Alにより希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域LAと、が形成されるよう構成されている。前記希釈空気調節弁17vは、前記開口15oから前記燃焼室15sに導入する前記希釈空気Alの流量を調節可能な弁である。前記制御装置50b,50d,50eは、前記タービンから排気される燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気Alの流量が増加するよう、前記希釈空気調節弁17vを制御する希釈空気制御器55,55d,55eを有する。
前記第十五態様におけるガスタービン設備において、前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度計59をさらに備える。前記希釈空気制御器55,55d,55eは、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記希釈空気調節弁17vを制御する。
(17)第十七態様におけるガスタービンの制御方法は、以下のガスタービンに適用される。
このガスタービン10は、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機14と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器15と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービン16と、を有する。前記圧縮機14は、軸線Arを中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータ14rと、前記圧縮機ロータ14rを覆う圧縮機ケーシング14cと、を有する。前記燃焼器15は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室15sを形成する燃焼室形成器15cと、前記燃焼室15s内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気Amを噴射可能な燃焼器本体15bと、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器15cには、前記燃焼室形成器15c外から前記燃焼室15s内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気Alを導入可能な開口15oが形成されている。
本態様の制御方法では、前記燃焼器本体15bから前記燃焼室15s内に前記燃料としての前記アンモニア及び前記主燃焼用空気Amを噴射すると共に、前記開口15oから前記燃焼室15s内に前記希釈空気Alを導入して、前記燃焼室15s内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体15bからの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域RAと、前記リッチ燃焼領域RAからのガスが前記開口15oからの前記希釈空気Alにより希釈され、前記希釈空気Alにより希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域LAと、を形成する燃焼工程S1と、前記燃料の燃焼で生成され前記ガスタービン10から排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度検知工程S2と、前記NOx濃度検知工程S2で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記圧縮機ケーシング14cに吸い込まれる空気の流量である吸気量を少なくなする吸気制御工程S4,S4c,S4d,S5dと、を実行する。
前記第十七態様におけるガスタービン10の制御方法において、前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度検知工程S3をさらに実行する。前記吸気制御工程S4,S4c,S4d,S5dでは、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記吸気量を制御する。
前記第十七態様又は前記第十八態様におけるガスタービン10の制御方法において、前記NOx濃度検知工程S3で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記吸気制御工程S4c,S4eと共に、前記圧縮機ケーシング14cから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を戻し空気Abとして、前記圧縮機ケーシング14c内に戻す流量を多くする戻し空気制御工程S5c,S5eと、をさらに実行する。
前記第十七態様から前記第十九態様のうちのいずれか一態様におけるガスタービン10の制御方法において、前記NOx濃度検知工程S3で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記吸気制御工程S4eと共に、前記希釈空気Alの流量を多くする希釈空気制御工程S6eをさらに実行する。
このガスタービン10は、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機14と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器15と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービン16と、を有する。前記圧縮機14は、軸線Arを中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータ14rと、前記圧縮機ロータ14rを覆う圧縮機ケーシング14cと、を有する。前記燃焼器15は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービン16に導くことができる燃焼室15sを形成する燃焼室形成器15cと、前記燃焼室15s内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気Amを噴射可能な燃焼器本体15bと、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器15cには、前記燃焼室形成器15c外から前記燃焼室15s内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気Alを導入可能な開口15oが形成されている。
本態様の制御方法では、前記燃焼器本体15bから前記燃焼室15s内に前記燃料としての前記アンモニア及び前記主燃焼用空気Amを噴射すると共に、前記開口15oから前記燃焼室15s内に前記希釈空気Alを導入して、前記燃焼室15s内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体15bからの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域RAと、前記リッチ燃焼領域RAからのガスが前記開口15oからの前記希釈空気Alにより希釈され、前記希釈空気Alにより希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域LAと、を形成する燃焼工程S1と、前記燃料の燃焼で生成され前記ガスタービン10から排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度検知工程S2と、前記NOx濃度検知工程S2で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記圧縮機ケーシング14cから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を戻し空気Abとして、前記圧縮機ケーシング14c内に戻す流量を多くする戻し空気制御工程S5,S5c,S5eと、を実行する。
前記第二十一態様におけるガスタービン10の制御方法において、前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度検知工程S3をさらに実行し、前記戻し空気制御工程S5,S5c,S5eでは、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記戻し空気Abの流量を制御する。
前記第二十一態様又は前記第二十二態様におけるガスタービン10の制御方法において、前記NOx濃度検知工程S3で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記戻し空気制御工程S5eと共に、前記希釈空気Alの流量を多くする希釈空気制御工程S6eをさらに実行する。
このガスタービン10は、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機14と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器15と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービン16と、を有する。前記圧縮機14は、軸線Arを中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータ14rと、前記圧縮機ロータ14rを覆う圧縮機ケーシング14cと、を有する。前記燃焼器15は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービン16に導くことができる燃焼室15sを形成する燃焼室形成器15cと、前記燃焼室15s内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気Amを噴射可能な燃焼器本体15bと、を有する。前記燃焼室形成器15cには、前記燃焼室形成器15c外から前記燃焼室15s内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気Alを導入可能な開口15oが形成されている。
本態様の制御方法では、前記燃焼器本体15bから前記燃焼室15s内に前記燃料としての前記アンモニア及び前記主燃焼用空気Amを噴射すると共に、前記開口15oから前記燃焼室15s内に前記希釈空気Alを導入して、前記燃焼室15s内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体15bからの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域RAと、前記リッチ燃焼領域RAからのガスが前記開口15oからの前記希釈空気Alにより希釈され、前記希釈空気Alにより希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域LAと、を形成する燃焼工程S1と、前記燃料の燃焼で生成され前記ガスタービン10から排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度検知工程S2と、前記NOx濃度検知工程S2で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気Alの流量を多くする希釈空気制御工程S6,S6d,S6eと、を実行する。
11:ガスタービンロータ
12:吸気ダクト
13:中間ケーシング
14:圧縮機
14r:圧縮機ロータ
14c:圧縮機ケーシング
14v:吸気調節器(又はIGV)
15:燃焼器
15b:燃焼器本体
15c:燃焼室形成器
15o:開口
15s:燃焼室
16:タービン
16r:タービンロータ
16c:タービンケーシング
17:希釈空気調節装置
17p:希釈空気ライン
17v:希釈空気調節弁
17vb:弁体
17vc:弁ケーシング
18:圧縮空気戻し装置
18p:空気戻しライン
18v:戻し空気調節弁
16:タービン
16r:タービンロータ
16c:タービンケーシング
20:燃料供給設備
21:アンモニアタンク
22:液体アンモニアライン
23:アンモニアポンプ
24:燃料調節弁
25:気化器
26:気体アンモニアライン
28:脱硝装置
29:煙突
50,50a,50b,50c,50d,50e:制御装置
51:燃料流量演算器
52:燃料制御器
53,53a,53c,53d,53e:吸気制御器
54,54c,54d,54e:戻し空気制御器
55,55d,55e:希釈空気制御器
56,56d,56e:協調制御器
58:NOx濃度計
59:未燃分濃度計
LA:リーン燃焼領域
RA:リッチ燃焼領域
QA:クエンチ領域
Ab:戻し空気
Al:希釈空気
Am:主燃焼用空気
Claims (24)
- ガスタービンと、前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度計と、制御装置と、を備え、
前記ガスタービンは、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料としてのアンモニアを燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有し、
前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、前記圧縮機ケーシングに吸い込まれる空気の流量である吸気量を調節する吸気調節器と、を有し、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記アンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有し、
前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成され、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、が形成されるよう構成され、
前記制御装置は、前記NOx濃度計で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記吸気量が少なくなるよう、前記吸気調節器の動作を制御する吸気制御器を有する、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項1に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度計をさらに備え、
前記吸気制御器は、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記吸気調節器の動作を制御する、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記圧縮機ケーシングから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を前記圧縮機ケーシング内に戻すことが可能な空気戻しラインと、前記空気戻しライン中を流れる前記圧縮空気である戻し空気の流量を調節可能な戻し空気調節弁と、
をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記戻し空気調節弁の動作を制御する戻し空気制御器と、前記吸気制御器による前記吸気調節器の制御と前記戻し空気制御器による前記戻し空気調節弁の制御とを協調させる協調制御器と、を有し、
前記協調制御器は、前記NOx濃度計で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記戻し空気制御器に、前記戻し空気の流量が多くなるよう前記戻し空気調節弁を制御させる、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項2に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記圧縮機ケーシングから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を前記圧縮機ケーシング内に戻すことが可能な空気戻しラインと、前記空気戻しライン中を流れる前記圧縮空気である戻し空気の流量を調節可能な戻し空気調節弁と、
をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記戻し空気調節弁の動作を制御する戻し空気制御器と、前記吸気制御器による前記吸気調節器の制御と前記戻し空気制御器による前記戻し空気調節弁の制御とを協調させる協調制御器と、を有し、
前記協調制御器は、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記吸気制御器に前記吸気調節器を制御させると共に、前記戻し空気制御器に前記戻し空気調節弁を制御させる、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項4に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記協調制御器は、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が前記予め定められた値未満になるよう、前記吸気制御器に前記吸気調節器を制御させた後、第一の場合、第二の場合、及び第三の場合のうちいずれか一の場合に、前記戻し空気制御器に、前記戻し空気調節弁により、前記戻し空気が多くなるよう、前記戻し空気の流量を調節させ、
前記第一の場合は、前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記未燃分濃度範囲内に収まっていない場合であり、
前記第二の場合は、前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度をより低下させるという要求を受け付けている場合であり、
前記第三の場合は、前記吸気調節器の動作だけでは、燃空比が予め定めた分大きくならない場合である、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項3又は4に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記協調制御器は、前記吸気調節器による前記吸気量の調節での燃空比の変化量と前記戻し空気調節弁による前記戻し空気の流量の調節での燃空比の変化量との比が、予め定められた比になるよう、前記吸気制御器に前記吸気調節器を制御させると共に、前記戻し空気制御器に前記戻し空気調節弁を制御させる、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記開口から前記燃焼室内に導入する前記希釈空気の流量を調節する希釈空気調節弁をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記希釈空気調節弁の動作を制御する希釈空気制御器と、前記吸気制御器による前記吸気調節器の制御と前記希釈空気制御器による前記希釈空気調節弁の制御とを協調させる協調制御器と、を有し、
前記協調制御器は、前記NOx濃度計で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気制御器に、前記希釈空気の流量が多くなるよう、前記希釈空気調節弁を制御させる、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項7に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記協調制御器は、前記リーン燃焼領域の燃空比が変わらず、前記リッチ燃焼領域の燃空比が大きくなるよう、前記吸気制御器による前記吸気調節器の制御で前記吸気量を少なくさせつつ、前記希釈空気制御器による前記希釈空気調節弁の制御で前記希釈空気の流量を多くさせる、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項3から6のいずれか一項に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記開口から前記燃焼室内に導入する前記希釈空気の流量を調節する希釈空気調節弁をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記希釈空気調節弁の動作を制御する希釈空気制御器を有し、
前記協調制御器は、前記吸気制御器による前記吸気調節器の制御と、前記戻し空気制御器による前記戻し空気調節弁の制御と、前記希釈空気制御器による前記希釈空気調節弁の制御とを協調させ、
前記協調制御器は、前記NOx濃度計で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気制御器に、前記希釈空気の流量が多くなるよう、前記希釈空気調節弁を制御させる、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項9に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記協調制御器は、前記吸気制御器、前記戻し空気制御器及び前記希釈空気制御器に、前記リーン燃焼領域の燃空比が変わらず、前記リッチ燃焼領域の燃空比が大きくなるよう、前記吸気調節器により前記吸気量を少なくさせ、前記戻し空気調節弁により前記戻し空気の流量を多くさせつつ、前記希釈空気調節弁により前記希釈空気の流量を多くさせる、
ガスタービン設備。 - ガスタービンと、空気戻しラインと、戻し空気調節弁と、前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度計と、制御装置と、を備え、
前記ガスタービンは、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有し、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有し、
前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成され、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、が形成されるよう構成され、
前記空気戻しラインは、前記圧縮機から吐出された圧縮空気の一部を前記圧縮機内に戻せるよう構成され、
前記戻し空気調節弁は、前記空気戻しライン中を流れる前記圧縮空気である戻し空気の流量を調節できるよう構成され、
前記制御装置は、前記タービンから排気される燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記戻し空気の流量が多くなるよう、前記戻し空気調節弁を制御する戻し空気制御器を有する、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項11に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度計をさらに備え、
前記戻し空気制御器は、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記戻し空気調節弁の動作を制御する、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項11又は12に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記開口から前記燃焼室に導入する前記希釈空気の流量を調節する希釈空気調節弁をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記希釈空気調節弁の動作を制御する希釈空気制御器と、前記戻し空気制御器による前記戻し空気調節弁の制御と前記希釈空気制御器による前記希釈空気調節弁の制御とを協調させる協調制御器と、を有し、
前記協調制御器は、前記NOx濃度計で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気制御器に、前記希釈空気の流量が多くなるよう、前記希釈空気調節弁を制御させる、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項13に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記協調制御器は、前記リーン燃焼領域の燃空比が変わらず、前記リッチ燃焼領域の燃空比が大きくなるよう、前記戻し空気制御器による前記戻し空気調節弁の制御で前記戻し空気の流量を多くさせつつ、前記希釈空気制御器による前記希釈空気調節弁の制御で前記希釈空気の流量を多くさせる、
ガスタービン設備。 - ガスタービンと、希釈空気調節弁と、制御装置と、を備え、
前記ガスタービンは、空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料としてのアンモニアを燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有し、
前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、を有し、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記アンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有し、
前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成され、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、が形成されるよう構成され、
前記希釈空気調節弁は、前記開口から前記燃焼室に導入する前記希釈空気の流量を調節可能な弁であり、
前記制御装置は、前記タービンから排気される燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気の流量が増加するよう、前記希釈空気調節弁を制御する希釈空気制御器を有する、
ガスタービン設備。 - 請求項15に記載のガスタービン設備において、
前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度計をさらに備え、
前記希釈空気制御器は、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記希釈空気調節弁を制御する、
ガスタービン設備。 - 空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有し、
前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、を有し、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有し、
前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成されている、
ガスタービンの制御方法において、
前記燃焼器本体から前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としての前記アンモニア及び前記主燃焼用空気を噴射すると共に、前記開口から前記燃焼室内に前記希釈空気を導入して、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、を形成する燃焼工程と、
前記燃料の燃焼で生成され前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度検知工程と、
前記NOx濃度検知工程で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記圧縮機ケーシングに吸い込まれる空気の流量である吸気量を少なくなする吸気制御工程と、
を実行する、
ガスタービンの制御方法。 - 請求項17に記載のガスタービンの制御方法において、
前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度検知工程S3をさらに実行し、
前記吸気制御工程では、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記吸気量を制御する、
ガスタービンの制御方法。 - 請求項17又は18に記載のガスタービンの制御方法において、
前記NOx濃度検知工程で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記吸気制御工程と共に、前記圧縮機ケーシングから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を戻し空気として、前記圧縮機ケーシング内に戻す流量を多くする戻し空気制御工程と、
をさらに実行する、
ガスタービンの制御方法。 - 請求項17から19のいずれか一項に記載のガスタービンの制御方法において、
前記NOx濃度検知工程で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記吸気制御工程と共に、前記希釈空気の流量を多くする希釈空気制御工程をさらに実行する、
ガスタービンの制御方法。 - 空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有し、
前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、を有し、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有し、
前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成されている、
ガスタービンの制御方法において、
前記燃焼器本体から前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としての前記アンモニア及び前記主燃焼用空気を噴射すると共に、前記開口から前記燃焼室内に前記希釈空気を導入して、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、を形成する燃焼工程と、
前記燃料の燃焼で生成され前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度検知工程と、
前記NOx濃度検知工程で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記圧縮機ケーシングから吐出された圧縮空気の一部を戻し空気として、前記圧縮機ケーシング内に戻す流量を多くする戻し空気制御工程と、
を実行する、
ガスタービンの制御方法。 - 請求項21に記載のガスタービンの制御方法において、
前記排気ガス中の未燃分濃度を検知する未燃分濃度検知工程をさらに実行し、
前記戻し空気制御工程では、前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度が予め定められた値未満になり且つ前記未燃分濃度が前記NOx濃度に応じて定まる予め定められた未燃分濃度範囲内に収まるよう、前記戻し空気の流量を制御する、
ガスタービンの制御方法。 - 請求項21又は22に記載のガスタービンの制御方法において、
前記NOx濃度検知工程で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記戻し空気制御工程と共に、前記希釈空気の流量を多くする希釈空気制御工程をさらに実行する、
ガスタービンの制御方法。 - 空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成できる圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気中で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成できる燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を有し、
前記圧縮機は、軸線を中心として回転可能な圧縮機ロータと、前記圧縮機ロータを覆う圧縮機ケーシングと、を有し、
前記燃焼器は、前記燃料が燃焼し、且つ前記燃料の燃焼で生成された前記燃焼ガスを前記タービンに導くことができる燃焼室を形成する燃焼室形成器と、前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としてのアンモニア及び前記圧縮空気の一部である主燃焼用空気を噴射可能な燃焼器本体と、を有し、
前記燃焼室形成器には、前記燃焼室形成器外から前記燃焼室内に前記圧縮空気の一部である希釈空気を導入可能な開口が形成されている、
ガスタービンの制御方法において、
前記燃焼器本体から前記燃焼室内に前記燃料としての前記アンモニア及び前記主燃焼用空気を噴射すると共に、前記開口から前記燃焼室内に前記希釈空気を導入して、前記燃焼室内に、空気に対する燃料の比である燃空比が理論燃空比より大きな燃空比中で前記燃焼器本体からの燃料を燃焼させるリッチ燃焼領域と、前記リッチ燃焼領域からのガスが前記開口からの前記希釈空気により希釈され、前記希釈空気により希釈された後の前記ガス中に含まれる燃料を前記燃空比が前記理論燃空比より小さな燃空比中で燃焼させるリーン燃焼領域と、を形成する燃焼工程と、
前記燃料の燃焼で生成され前記ガスタービンから排気された燃焼ガスである排気ガス中のNOx濃度を検知するNOx濃度検知工程と、
前記NOx濃度検知工程で検知された前記排気ガス中のNOx濃度に応じて、前記希釈空気の流量を多くする希釈空気制御工程と、
を実行する、
ガスタービンの制御方法。
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JP6926581B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2021-08-25 | 株式会社Ihi | 燃焼装置及びガスタービン |
JP6906381B2 (ja) | 2017-07-03 | 2021-07-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 燃焼装置およびガスタービン |
EP3447379B1 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2022-01-26 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Method for operating a gas turbine plant and gas turbine plant |
JP7277302B2 (ja) | 2019-07-24 | 2023-05-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | レンズ装置、カメラ、カメラシステム、制御方法 |
US11203986B1 (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-12-21 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for extended emissions compliant operation of a gas turbine engine |
US11898502B2 (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2024-02-13 | General Electric Company | System and methods for improving combustion turbine turndown capability |
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JP2004003752A (ja) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-01-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 航空機用ガスタービンシステム,及びガスタービンシステム並びにその動作方法 |
JP2009052548A (ja) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-03-12 | General Electric Co <Ge> | ガスタービンエミッション規制順守を拡大適用するためのシステム及び方法 |
JP2009085221A (ja) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | General Electric Co <Ge> | 低エミッションタービンシステム及び方法 |
WO2019088107A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-09 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 燃焼器および燃焼方法 |
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JP7454074B2 (ja) | 2024-03-21 |
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KR20230107687A (ko) | 2023-07-17 |
US20240068416A1 (en) | 2024-02-29 |
JPWO2022172853A1 (ja) | 2022-08-18 |
CN116745511A (zh) | 2023-09-12 |
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