WO2022171802A1 - Verfahren zum herstellen einer kathode für eine lithiumionenbatterie sowie lithiumionenbatterie - Google Patents
Verfahren zum herstellen einer kathode für eine lithiumionenbatterie sowie lithiumionenbatterie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022171802A1 WO2022171802A1 PCT/EP2022/053378 EP2022053378W WO2022171802A1 WO 2022171802 A1 WO2022171802 A1 WO 2022171802A1 EP 2022053378 W EP2022053378 W EP 2022053378W WO 2022171802 A1 WO2022171802 A1 WO 2022171802A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- coating composition
- collector carrier
- lithium
- coating
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 9
- -1 lithium battery Chemical compound 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002227 LISICON Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical class [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSLXOARVFIWOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HSLXOARVFIWOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUFQNPMBKMKEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WUFQNPMBKMKEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLODSRKENWXTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;triethylsulfanium Chemical compound CC[S+](CC)CC.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F BLODSRKENWXTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-O morpholinium Chemical compound [H+].C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005029 sieve analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002226 superionic conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005500 uronium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
- H01M4/742—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal perforated material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a cathode for a lithium-ion battery and a lithium-ion battery.
- lithium ion battery is used synonymously for all designations commonly used in the prior art for galvanic elements and cells containing lithium, such as lithium battery, lithium cell, lithium ion cell, lithium polymer cell, lithium ion battery cell and lithium-ion accumulator. Specifically, rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are included.
- battery and “electrochemical cell” are also used synonymously with the terms “lithium ion battery” and “lithium ion cell”.
- a lithium ion battery has at least two different electrodes, a positive (cathode) and a negative (anode) electrode. Each of these electrodes includes at least one active material, optionally together with additives such as electrode binders and electrical conductivity additives.
- the active materials and existing passive materials of the electrodes are each applied to a carrier film, which is usually formed from a metal and is used for electrical contacting of the respective electrode. Films of this type are not permeable to the electrolyte, which means that complete wetting of the electrode by the electrolyte can be made more difficult, reduced and/or slowed down.
- carrier films with prefabricated openings are known in the prior art, which enable the electrolyte allow to penetrate the carrier foil and in this way improve the wetting behavior.
- carrier foils have the disadvantage that their mechanical stability and resilience is reduced due to the existing openings, which can result in damage and/or deformation during manufacture and/or handling of the electrode. Expensive production processes for the electrodes can also be necessary in order to prevent coating masses applied to the carrier film from dripping through the openings that are present and to prevent dirt from accumulating in the openings. Furthermore, carrier foils with prefabricated openings or porosity, such as metal foams, perforated foils or expanded metals, are more expensive than simple carrier foils without such openings.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a method for producing a cathode for a lithium-ion battery comprising the following steps: A cathode-collector carrier foil is provided and a coating composition containing a particulate auxiliary material is applied to at least one side of the cathode-collector carrier foil. The coating composition is then compacted to form a cathode film on the cathode-collector carrier foil, the cathode-collector carrier foil being perforated by the particulate auxiliary material when the coating composition is compacted.
- the cathode-collector carrier foil is provided with at least one opening in situ during the production of the cathode, the at least one opening enabling excellent wettability of the cathode produced by the method according to the invention with an electrolyte.
- an electrolyte enabling excellent wettability of the cathode produced by the method according to the invention with an electrolyte.
- the cathode-collector carrier foil remains mechanically resilient during the manufacture of the cathode, so that no complex adjustments to production lines for the manufacture of the cathode and downstream production steps for the assembly of lithium-ion batteries with such a cathode are necessary.
- the cathode collector carrier foil is in particular an aluminum foil and serves as a current conductor for the cathode.
- the particulate auxiliary material must be harder than the cathode-collector carrier foil in order to be able to perforate it.
- perforating here and in the following is understood to mean the creation of at least one opening, with the opening extending over the entire thickness of the cathode-collector carrier foil.
- the coating mass can be compacted using any of the methods known in the prior art.
- the coating mass is compacted by means of calenders.
- the openings can have any desired shape, for example circular, arcuate and/or polygonal.
- the shape of the cross section essentially depends on the morphology of the particulate auxiliary material and the method used to compact the coating mass.
- the coating composition is applied to the cathode-collector carrier film in such a way that the particulate auxiliary material is directly adjacent to the cathode-collector carrier film before compaction.
- the coating composition can be applied to just one side or both sides of the cathode-collector carrier film.
- the particulate auxiliary material may be selected from the group consisting of lithium ion conductors, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , boehmite, artificial diamond dust and combinations thereof.
- lithium ion conductor is understood here to mean a compound that can conduct lithium ions but does not represent a cathode active material of a lithium ion battery.
- the lithium ion conductor may include a perovskite structure material, a garnet structure material, a LISICON-derived structure material, a sulfide, an oxide, and/or a polymer.
- a suitable material with a garnet structure is, for example, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 Oi 2 .
- the particulate auxiliary material has in particular a Mohs hardness in the range from 2 to 10, preferably a Mohs hardness of greater than 2.75 to 10, for example 3 to 10.
- the hardness of the particulate auxiliary material can be determined according to DIN EN ISO 14577, using the nanoindentation method.
- Nanoindentation also described as an instrumented indentation test, is a measurement method used in materials testing to determine the hardness of materials on small length scales in the nanometer range.
- the particulate auxiliary material preferably has a morphology which the perforation of the cathode-collector carrier film when compacting Coating composition favored.
- the particulate auxiliary material has at least one edge, corner, point, spike and/or projection.
- the particulate auxiliary material is in the form of an agglomerate of a plurality of agglomerate particles
- one of the agglomerate particles can assume the function of the tip, the dome and/or the projection.
- the mean particle size D50 of the particulate auxiliary material is in particular at least 0.5 times the thickness of the cathode-collector carrier foil, preferably at least 0.8 times the thickness of the cathode-collector carrier foil.
- the average particle size D50 of the particulate auxiliary material is in the range from 7.5 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably from 12 to 18 ⁇ m.
- the parameters of the particle size distribution can generally be determined by sieve analysis.
- the coating composition can contain an additive selected from the group consisting of synthetic graphite, natural graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, for example conductive carbon black, carbon fibers, soft carbon, hard carbon and combinations thereof.
- the addition can increase the conductivity of the coating composition and thus lead to improved performance properties of the cathode produced.
- the addition can improve the processability and/or the applicability of the coating composition.
- the additive can perforate the cathode-collector carrier foil in addition to the particulate auxiliary material.
- the coating composition can include a binder, the binder being selected in particular from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyamide (PA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP), polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyimide (PI), PTFE and combinations thereof.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PA polyamide
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVdF-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PI polyimide
- PTFE PTFE
- the binder is tailored in particular to the active material provided in the cathode and to other components of the electrode, in particular with regard to adhesion to the cathode-collector carrier film.
- the binder should be hydrophilic if a water-based coating composition or active material coating composition is to be used for applying the active material of the cathode.
- the viscosity of the coating composition can be adjusted in a targeted manner via the selection of the binder and the content of the binder in the coating composition. In this way, the behavior of the coating mass can be influenced in a targeted manner in the coating process used in each case.
- the coating composition can be applied to the cathode-collector carrier film by means of wet coating, dry coating, pressing, laminating, coating, extruding and/or spraying.
- the coating composition can include a cathode active material and/or an active material coating composition can additionally be applied to the cathode-collector carrier film.
- the active material coating composition comprises a cathode active material and optionally an active material binder, a carrier solvent and/or additives, in particular conductivity additives and/or dispersing aids.
- the cathode-active material can be basically any cathode-active material known in the art. This includes, for example, lithium transition metal oxides such as UC0O 2 , lithium nickel cobalt manganese compounds (known by the abbreviation NCM or NMC) and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium olivines such as lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium spinels such as lithium manganese oxide spinel (LMO). So-called over-lithiated layered oxides (OLO) can also be used.
- the cathode active material can also contain mixtures of two or more of the lithium-containing compounds mentioned.
- the cathode active material can at least partially take over the function of the particulate auxiliary if the cathode active material has a higher hardness than the cathode collector carrier foil and is particulate, for example when the cathode active material comprises particulate NMC, NCA, UC0O2 and/or LMO.
- compositions of the coating composition for the in situ treatment of the cathode-collector carrier film during compaction and of the active material coating composition are matched to one another in order to obtain a cathode that is as efficient as possible.
- the coating composition is applied to the cathode-collector carrier film before the active-material coating composition.
- the coating compound is applied in a first layer to the cathode-collector carrier film and then the active material coating compound is applied in a second layer over the first layer.
- the ratio of the thickness of the first layer to the second layer is in particular in the range from 1:2 to 1:100, preferably from 1:3 to 1:40.
- the coating compound is already compacted before the active material coating compound is applied, and in this way the at least one opening is produced through the auxiliary material in the cathode-collector carrier film.
- the active material coating composition applied after compacting the coating composition is preferably compacted in a subsequent second compaction step, with the auxiliary material also being able to perforate and/or cut open the cathode-collector carrier film in the second compaction step.
- the first and the second layer can be applied using the same coating device, preferably with a time offset of at most a few seconds.
- the coating composition can be sprayed onto the cathode-collector carrier film via a spray nozzle before, in particular immediately before, the active material coating composition is applied.
- the coating compound and the active material coating compound are applied to the cathode-collector carrier film in a single process step.
- the coating mass is mixed with the active material coating mass before application to form a total mass and the total mass is applied to the cathode-collector carrier film, for example by means of a nozzle.
- the particulate auxiliary material contained in the coating mass can settle by gravity after the application of the total mass, so that even when using a total mass direct contact between the cathode-collector carrier foil and the particulate auxiliary material can be ensured before compaction.
- the viscosity of the bulk, the coating and/or the active material coating may be adjusted. This can be done by selecting the binder and/or by adding a suitable solvent.
- the object of the invention is also achieved by a lithium-ion battery comprising at least one cathode which can be obtained using a method as described above.
- the lithium-ion battery according to the invention has a uniform and complete wetting of the at least one cathode with electrolyte due to the openings in the cathode-collector carrier foil produced in the manufacturing process of the cathode, which means that the lithium-ion battery according to the invention has a high current-carrying capacity, high maximum charging and discharging rate, good cycle stability and can have a long service life.
- the electrolyte includes in particular a solvent and at least one lithium conductive salt dissolved therein.
- the solvent is preferably inert.
- Suitable solvents are, for example, organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate (EC), Propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), sulpholane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 1,3-dioxolane.
- Ionic liquids can also be used as solvents. Such ionic liquids contain only ions. Preferred cations, which can be alkylated in particular, are imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, guanidinium, uronium, thiuronium, piperidinium, morpholinium, sulfonium, ammonium and phosphonium cations. Examples of anions that can be used are halide, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoroacetate, triflate, hexafluorophosphate, phosphinate and tosylate anions.
- ionic liquids examples are: N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-butyl-N-trimethyl -ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, triethylsulfonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.
- two or more of the above liquids can be used.
- Preferred lithium conductive salts are lithium salts which have inert anions and which are preferably non-toxic. Suitable lithium salts are, in particular, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe), lithium tetrafluoroborate (L1BF4) and mixtures of these salts.
- LiPFe lithium hexafluorophosphate
- Li1BF4 lithium tetrafluoroborate
- the lithium ion battery may be a traction battery in a vehicle.
- the lithium-ion battery can also be used in a wearable, an e-bike, a smartphone, a power tool, a laptop, an e-book reader, a mobile power bank or a stationary energy storage device.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a sectional view of a cathode as known in the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a cathode which can be manufactured using a method according to the invention
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the method according to the invention for manufacturing the cathode of FIG. 2, and
- Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an intermediate stage in the manufacture of the cathode of Fig. 2.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a cathode 10 not according to the invention of a lithium-ion battery, as is known in the prior art.
- the cathode 10 includes a cathode-collector carrier film 12, which also serves as a current collector for the cathode 10.
- the cathode collector carrier foil 12 is in particular an aluminum foil.
- a cathode active material 18 in the form of a cathode film 19 is applied to a first main surface 14 and to a second main surface 16 , opposite the first main surface 14 , of the cathode-collector carrier foil 12 .
- the cathode active material 18 can be any material known in the art that is capable of reversibly accepting or donating lithium ions.
- the cathode collector carrier foil 12 has no openings whatsoever. Accordingly, the cathode-collector carrier foil 12 is impermeable to an electrolyte, as a result of which the wetting of the cathode 10 with the electrolyte in a lithium-ion battery takes place only slowly and/or incompletely.
- FIG. 2 shows a cathode 10 as can be obtained by a method according to the invention for producing a cathode.
- the cathode 10 shown in FIG. 2 has a cathode-collector carrier foil 12 with a plurality of openings 20, each of which extends over the entire thickness of the cathode-collector carrier foil 12, ie from the first main surface 14 to the second main surface 16.
- openings 20 there can also be a number of openings 20, which deviate from the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the cathode 10 has a particulate auxiliary material 22 which is at least partially arranged in the openings 20 .
- the particulate auxiliary material 22 is selected from the group consisting of lithium ion conductors, S1O 2 , Al 2 O 3 , T1O 2 , B 2 O 3 , boehmite, synthetic
- Diamond dust and combinations thereof has an average particle size D50 in the order of the thickness of the cathode-collector carrier foil 12 and a Mohs hardness in the range from 2 to 10, in particular a Mohs hardness in the range from greater than 2.75 to 10, for example 3 to 10.
- the openings 20 allow electrolyte to pass from the first main surface 14 in the direction of the second main surface 16 and from the second main surface 16 in the direction of the first main surface 14, so that the cathode can be wetted with electrolyte more quickly and more evenly, as shown in FIG as is the case with the prior art cathode 10 as shown in FIG.
- the cathode-collector carrier foil 12 is provided (cf. step S1 in Fig. 3), the cathode-collector carrier foil 12 corresponding to that of Fig. 1, i.e. no openings 20 (cf. Fig. 2) having.
- a coating compound is then applied to the first main surface 14 of the cathode collector carrier film 12 (cf. step S2 in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4).
- the application of the coating composition in the illustrated embodiment takes place by applying a total composition 24 to the first main surface 14 , the total composition 24 comprising the coating composition and an active material coating composition.
- the coating composition includes the particulate auxiliary material 22 and a binder that is not shown in detail.
- the binder is selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyamide (PA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP), polyacrylate,
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PA polyamide
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVdF-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PI polyimide
- PTFE PTFE
- the coating composition can contain an additive that is selected from the group consisting of synthetic graphite, natural graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, for example conductive carbon black, carbon fibers, soft carbon, hard carbon and combinations thereof.
- the addition can increase the conductivity of the coating composition and improve its processability and/or applicability.
- the active material coating composition includes the cathode active material 18 and an active material binder or electrode binder, which is not shown in detail.
- the particulate auxiliary material 22 settles due to gravity, so that it is directly adjacent to the cathode-collector carrier foil 12, as shown in FIG.
- the coating compound with the particulate auxiliary material 22 and the active material coating compound can also be applied individually one after the other to the cathode-collector carrier film 12 .
- the coating mass, the active material coating mass and/or the total mass 24 can be applied to the cathode-collector carrier film 12 by means of wet coating, dry coating, pressing, laminating, lining, extruding and/or spraying. As shown in FIG. 4 , only an active material coating composition is applied to the second main surface 16 . In principle, of course, a total mass 24 or a coating mass could also be used on the second main surface 16 . Starting from the intermediate stage shown in FIG. 4, the coating mass, more precisely the total mass 24 in the embodiment shown, is compacted to form the cathode film 19 (cf. FIG. 2), for example by means of calenders (cf. step S3 in FIG. 3).
- a force F is exerted on the total mass 24, as indicated by an arrow in Fig. 4, whereby the particulate auxiliary material 22 is pressed into the cathode-collector carrier foil 12 and this due to the higher hardness of the particulate auxiliary material 22 compared to the cathode -Collector- carrier foil 12 perforated to produce the openings 20.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to create the openings 20, which can be used to improve wetting, in situ during the manufacture of the cathode 10.
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Abstract
Description
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US18/276,691 US20240128429A1 (en) | 2021-02-15 | 2022-02-11 | Method for Producing a Cathode for a Lithium-Ion Battery, and Lithium-Ion Battery |
CN202280013225.3A CN116868358A (zh) | 2021-02-15 | 2022-02-11 | 用于制造用于锂离子电池的阴极的方法以及锂离子电池 |
EP22706769.1A EP4292148A1 (de) | 2021-02-15 | 2022-02-11 | Verfahren zum herstellen einer kathode für eine lithiumionenbatterie sowie lithiumionenbatterie |
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DE102021103510.4 | 2021-02-15 | ||
DE102021103510.4A DE102021103510A1 (de) | 2021-02-15 | 2021-02-15 | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Kathode für eine Lithiumionenbatterie sowie Lithiumionenbatterie |
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US (1) | US20240128429A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4292148A1 (de) |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2053572A1 (de) * | 1969-10-31 | 1971-05-06 | Zito Co | Batterie |
EP3012885A1 (de) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-27 | Basf Se | Ionenleitender verbundwerkstoff für elektrochemische zellen |
EP3249718A1 (de) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-11-29 | Belenos Clean Power Holding AG | Elektrochemische zelle einer wiederaufladbaren lithium-ionen-batterie |
JP2018055943A (ja) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2020218334A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | 京セラ株式会社 | セル、セルスタック装置、モジュール及びモジュール収容装置 |
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CN111952539A (zh) | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-17 | 上海空间电源研究所 | 一种高载量电极的制备方法及金属锂电池 |
-
2021
- 2021-02-15 DE DE102021103510.4A patent/DE102021103510A1/de active Pending
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2022
- 2022-02-11 US US18/276,691 patent/US20240128429A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-11 CN CN202280013225.3A patent/CN116868358A/zh active Pending
- 2022-02-11 EP EP22706769.1A patent/EP4292148A1/de active Pending
- 2022-02-11 WO PCT/EP2022/053378 patent/WO2022171802A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2053572A1 (de) * | 1969-10-31 | 1971-05-06 | Zito Co | Batterie |
EP3012885A1 (de) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-27 | Basf Se | Ionenleitender verbundwerkstoff für elektrochemische zellen |
EP3249718A1 (de) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-11-29 | Belenos Clean Power Holding AG | Elektrochemische zelle einer wiederaufladbaren lithium-ionen-batterie |
JP2018055943A (ja) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2020218334A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | 京セラ株式会社 | セル、セルスタック装置、モジュール及びモジュール収容装置 |
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CN116868358A (zh) | 2023-10-10 |
DE102021103510A1 (de) | 2022-08-18 |
EP4292148A1 (de) | 2023-12-20 |
US20240128429A1 (en) | 2024-04-18 |
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