WO2022168940A1 - グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩を含む医薬 - Google Patents
グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩を含む医薬 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022168940A1 WO2022168940A1 PCT/JP2022/004426 JP2022004426W WO2022168940A1 WO 2022168940 A1 WO2022168940 A1 WO 2022168940A1 JP 2022004426 W JP2022004426 W JP 2022004426W WO 2022168940 A1 WO2022168940 A1 WO 2022168940A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glycopyrronium
- salicylate
- transdermal
- salt
- medicament
- Prior art date
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- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical containing glycopyrronium salicylate.
- Glycopyrronium is the generic name for 3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidium. Since glycopyrronium is a quaternary ammonium cation, it exists as a salt rather than in the free state. Bromide salts and tosylate salts, for example, as glycopyrronium salts, are known as active ingredients of medicaments. Other glycopyrronium salts include iodides, acetates, sulfates (above, Patent Document 1), chloride salts, benzoates, edisylates, oxalates (above, Patent Document 2), and Fatty acid salts (Patent Document 3) are known.
- Glycopyrronium has a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonistic (anticholinergic) effect, and is used as an inhalant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (bromide salt: Seebri (registered trademark)) and a topical agent for primary hyperhidrosis ( Tosylate: QBREXZA (registered trademark)) and oral solution for drooling (bromide salt: CUVPOSA (registered trademark)) are approved as ethical drugs in Japan and/or overseas.
- Sialorrhea also known as hypersalivation, is a disease characterized by saliva dripping outside the oral cavity. Sialorrhea is not only associated with drooling of saliva, but is also believed to lead to social problems, dermatitis around the mouth, increased risk of aspiration pneumonia, and the like. For severe sialorrhea that requires treatment, drug treatment is tried.
- Drugs are classified according to route of administration into "oral drugs,” “injectable drugs,” and “topical drugs.” be.
- Specific external medicines that allow drug absorption through the skin include patches, ointments, liniments, and the like.
- patches when classifying patches according to the site of action, they can be divided into transdermal absorption type preparations and locally active preparations.
- a transdermal preparation is defined as a preparation in which a drug absorbed through the skin circulates through the systemic bloodstream and exerts its efficacy.
- a locally active preparation is defined as a preparation that exhibits efficacy by increasing the concentration of the drug in the target tissue near the application site without significantly increasing the blood concentration of the drug absorbed through the skin.
- Patent Document 4 As external medicines for glycopyrronium, a transdermal drug delivery system for treating glycopyrronium bromide containing glycopyrronium bromide (Patent Document 4) and a topical composition containing glycopyrronium tosylate (Patent Document 2) is known.
- Patent Document 4 does not describe any working examples, nor does it describe efficacy in animals or humans. Therefore, the feasibility of the transdermal drug delivery system remains questionable, and it is questionable whether it can be called a transdermal drug delivery system. Not sure.
- Patent Document 2 describes a coating agent as a specific example of a topical composition. Although this is a topical drug, it is not a transdermal preparation and is used by applying it, so strict control of dosage and maintenance of constant drug absorption cannot be expected, and continuous and stable blood flow of the drug cannot be expected. Getting moderate exposure is difficult.
- transdermal preparations of glycopyrronium bromide or tosylate which are intended to obtain a sustained and stable amount of drug exposure in the blood, are not marketed in Japan or overseas.
- the present invention provides a medicament (transdermal absorption type preparation) that enables the treatment or prevention of drooling by patching, and furthermore, glycopyrropyrrolidone suitable for use as a transdermal absorption type preparation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel salt of nium.
- the present inventors have found that the reason why no medicament for the treatment or prevention of drooling by patching, that is, a transdermal preparation has not been provided is due to the active ingredients glycopyrronium/bromide salt and tosylate. I thought there was. As a result of intensive research, the present inventors found that it is necessary to select glycopyrronium salicylate as an active ingredient in order to provide a medicament that enables the treatment or prevention of drooling by a patch. He found this and completed the present invention.
- the main configuration of the present invention is as follows.
- [1] A pharmaceutical containing glycopyrronium salicylate or a solvate thereof, which is used for treating or preventing drooling.
- [2] The medicament according to [1], wherein the medicament is used as a patch.
- [3] The medicament according to [2], wherein the medicament is applied once a day.
- [4] A pharmaceutical containing glycopyrronium salicylate or a solvate thereof, characterized in that it is applied once a day and replaced every 24 hours for the treatment or prevention of drooling. pharmaceuticals.
- [5] The medicament according to [1] to [4], wherein the medicament is a transdermal preparation.
- [6] Glycopyrronium salicylate or a solvate thereof.
- a pharmaceutical containing glycopyrronium salicylate or a solvate thereof [7] A pharmaceutical containing glycopyrronium salicylate or a solvate thereof. [8] A transdermal preparation having a base layer and a release liner on a support, wherein the base layer contains an active ingredient, and the active ingredient is glycopyrronium salicylate. type formulation.
- glycopyrronium salicylate or a solvate thereof for treating or preventing drooling.
- a medicament containing glycopyrronium salicylate as an active ingredient and exhibiting an excellent therapeutic or preventive effect against drooling when applied that is, a transdermal preparation.
- FIG. 2 shows the effect of transdermal preparations (0.5 cm 2 ) containing various glycopyrronium salts on salivary secretion in a rat pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion model.
- FIG. 2 shows the effect of transdermal preparations (0.25 cm 2 ) containing various glycopyrronium salts on salivary secretion in a rat pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion model.
- the medicine for treating or preventing drooling according to the present invention is described below.
- the medicament for treating or preventing drooling of the present invention is usually a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing drooling.
- the active ingredient used in the medicament for treating or preventing drooling of the present invention is 3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1,1-dimethylpyrroli represented by the following formula (1) It is dium salicylate (hereinafter referred to as "glycopyrronium salicylate"). Unless otherwise specified herein, the present invention also includes solvates of glycopyrronium salicylate. In the present specification, the term glycopyrronium salicylate may include solvates thereof.
- Glycopyrronium has four stereoisomers, (3R,2R), (3R,2S), (3S,2R), and (3S,2S), based on its structure.
- Glycopyrronium salicylate which is the active ingredient of the present invention, may be a mixture containing several stereoisomers, preferably a mixture of (3R,2S) and (3S,2R) combinations, , 2R) alone.
- the compounds of the present invention can be produced by the methods shown in Reaction Schemes 1 and 2 below, or by a combination of known methods.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom.
- Salicylic acid (2) is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (e.g. distilled water, acetone, acetonitrile, etc., or a mixed solvent thereof) using a silver salt (e.g., silver oxide or silver nitrate), usually from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent.
- a silver salt e.g., silver oxide or silver nitrate
- Silver salicylate (3) can be obtained by reacting at a temperature of 10 minutes to 3 days in the dark.
- Step 1-2 Glycopyrronium bromide salt (4) is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (e.g., distilled water, acetone, acetonitrile, etc., or a mixed solvent thereof) using the silver salicylate produced in step 1-1 above, usually at 0°C.
- Glycopyrronium salicylate (1) can be obtained by reacting at the boiling point of the solvent for 1 hour to 3 days in the dark and filtering the precipitated silver bromide.
- Step 2-1 Glycopyrronium bromide salt (4) is treated with silver acetate in an appropriate solvent (e.g., distilled water, acetone, acetonitrile, etc., or a mixed solvent thereof) at a temperature usually from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent, Glycopyrronium acetate (5) can be obtained by reacting for 1 hour to 3 days in the dark and filtering the precipitated silver bromide.
- an appropriate solvent e.g., distilled water, acetone, acetonitrile, etc., or a mixed solvent thereof
- Step 2-2 Glycopyrronium acetate (5) produced in step 2-1 above is treated with salicylic acid in an appropriate solvent (e.g., distilled water, acetone, acetonitrile, etc., or a mixed solvent thereof), usually from 0 ° C.
- Glycopyrronium salicylate (1) can be obtained by reacting at the boiling point of the solvent for 1 hour to 3 days.
- the medicament for the treatment or prevention of drooling according to the present invention is not limited, but it is usually a patch comprising a backing, a plaster layer and a release sheet, preferably a transdermal preparation.
- the plaster layer contains an adhesive and glycopyrronium salicylate and is usually laminated on a support or release sheet.
- the adhesive there are no particular restrictions as long as it can be used as a patch.
- the adhesive strength varies depending on the type of adhesive, the type and blending amount can be appropriately selected according to the desired application time.
- the adhesive include an acrylic adhesive, a rubber adhesive, a silicone adhesive, and the like.
- acrylic adhesive examples include acrylic acid/octyl acrylate copolymer, acrylic acid ester/vinyl acetate copolymer, ethyl acrylate/octyl acrylate/vinylpyrrolidone copolymer, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- acrylic acid/octyl acrylate copolymer acrylic acid ester/vinyl acetate copolymer
- ethyl acrylate/octyl acrylate/vinylpyrrolidone copolymer 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/methyl acrylate/acrylic acid ⁇ Glycidyl methacrylate copolymer
- the rubber-based adhesive examples include styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer, isoprene rubber, polyisobutylene, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, and styrene-butadiene rubber.
- silicone adhesive examples include dimethylpolysiloxane and dimethylpolysiloxane/silicate resin condensation reaction product.
- additives for various purposes can be further added to the plaster layer.
- additives include, but are not limited to, absorption enhancers, stabilizers, solubilizers, buffers, antioxidants, fragrances, cooling agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, and adhesives.
- Enhancers pH modifiers, excipients, bulking agents, preservatives, solubilizers, solubilizers, and other medically acceptable additives.
- the medicament for treating or preventing drooling of the present invention is intended to allow the drug to be absorbed continuously and stably through the skin, and it is It differs from locally active drugs in that it
- the method for producing a medicament for treating or preventing drooling of the present invention includes, for example, (I) glycopyrronium salicylate, an adhesive and other additives, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, hexane, toluene or a mixed solvent thereof, coated on one of the release sheet or the support and evaporating the solvent to form a drug-containing layer, and then coated on the other of the release sheet or the support ( (II) glycopyrronium salicylate, an adhesive and other additives are heated and melted, and the melt is applied to a release sheet or a support.
- a method of manufacturing by coating one side to form a drug-containing layer and then laminating the release sheet or the other side of the support (the side on which the drug-containing layer is not formed) may be mentioned.
- the order of coating the drug mixture of production method (I) and the melt of production method (II) onto the support or release sheet is not limited.
- the plaster may be first applied to the support and then the release sheet may be attached, or the plaster may be applied to the release sheet first and then the support may be attached.
- the support is not particularly limited as long as it can support the plaster layer, and a stretchable or non-stretchable support can be used. Specific examples include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, vinyl chloride films, polyethylene films, polypropylene films, polyester films, polyurethane films, and composite materials thereof.
- the thickness of the support is not particularly limited and can be determined as appropriate.
- the release sheet that can be used is not particularly limited as long as it covers the plaster layer, and vinyl chloride film, polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polyester film, polyurethane film, or the like can be used. For the purpose of facilitating peeling of the release sheet, a silicon-treated sheet or an embossed sheet can also be used.
- glycopyrronium salt ⁇ Preparation of glycopyrronium salt ⁇ We selected six types of counter anions (carboxylic acids) suitable for pharmaceuticals and tried to synthesize glycopyrronium salts. Selected carboxylic acids are shown in Table 1. Commercially available (3RS,2SR)-glycopyrronium bromide salt was used as a raw material.
- reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and azeotroped with toluene to obtain crude glycopyrronium salicylate.
- 10 mL of toluene was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours.
- the suspension in which crystals were precipitated was allowed to stand at -20°C for 9 days, and then the crystals were collected by filtration. After drying under reduced pressure at 40° C., 517.8 mg (3RS,2SR)-glycopyrronium salicylate was obtained (yield 91%).
- glycopyrronium salts were synthesized. Glycopyrronium succinate and fumarate could not obtain crystals, but glycopyrronium salicylate, hippurate, acetate and benzoate could obtain crystals. When it is used as an active ingredient of a drug, it is preferable that the glycopyrronium salt is solid (especially crystalline) because it is easy to handle.
- the production of the salt production example or the comparative salt production example (glycopyrronium salicylate is salt production example 1) A small percutaneous absorption type formulation was prepared using the product, and an in vitro skin permeation test was performed in Test Example 1.
- glycopyrronium salts were dissolved in ethanol used in the production of transdermal preparations, and the stability after 24 hours was evaluated. Degradation was observed, with hippurate and salicylate both exhibiting less than 1% degradation.
- glycopyrronium hippurates and salicylates that were stable in ethanol, and glycopyrronium bromide salts existing in the prior art, small transdermal formulations were manufactured, and the three types of glycopyrronium The efficacy of the salt was evaluated in salivary model animals (Test Examples 2 and 3).
- Transdermal preparation containing glycopyrronium salicylate (6.5% as glycopyrronium) Copolymer of glycopyrronium salicylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/vinyl acetate/hydroxyethyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate
- a mixed solution of combined ethyl acetate, ethanol, heptane and methanol was dissolved in ethanol at the mixing ratio shown in Table 4.
- the obtained solution was coated on a PET support so that the amount of plaster after drying was 15 mg/cm 2 (0.98 mg/cm 2 as glycopyrronium), and then dried to remove ethanol and A plaster was obtained by removing the organic solvent contained in the adhesive. Next, after laminating a release sheet made of PET onto the plaster, it was cut into a desired size to obtain a transdermal absorption type preparation.
- Placebo Patch A mixed solution of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/vinyl acetate/hydroxyethyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate copolymer in ethyl acetate/ethanol/heptane/methanol was dissolved in ethanol. The resulting solution was coated on a PET support so that the amount of the paste after drying was 15 mg/cm 2 , and dried to remove ethanol and the organic solvent contained in the adhesive. got a body Next, after laminating a release sheet made of PET onto the plaster, it was cut into a desired size to obtain an adhesive patch.
- PBS was used as the receptor solution and was stirred with a magnetic stirrer during the permeation test. After a certain period of time, the receptor solution was sampled and the glycopyrronium concentration was measured using LC-MS/MS. The permeation amount of glycopyrronium per unit area was calculated from the concentration of glycopyrronium in the receptor solution, the capacity of the receptor and the area of the opening.
- Results Table 5 shows the permeation amount of glycopyrronium per unit area 10 hours after the initiation of permeation of each transdermal preparation.
- the skin permeation amount of glycopyrronium salicylate was about 3 times that of glycopyrronium benzoate and hippurate, and about 8 times that of glycopyrronium acetate.
- the salt group exhibited the highest in vitro skin permeability. It was clarified that there is a large difference in the amount of permeation through the skin depending on the type of glycopyrronium salt.
- FIG. 1 shows the salivary secretion rate results of the transdermal absorption type preparations containing each glycopyrronium salt on the 1st and 2nd days after application.
- a significant salivary suppression effect was observed in the glycopyrronium/hippurate group and the glycopyrronium/salicylate group compared with the placebo group, but significant in the glycopyrronium/bromide group. no significant effect was observed.
- all glycopyrronium salt groups showed significant saliva secretion-suppressing action compared to the placebo group, but the glycopyrronium salicylate group exhibited the strongest saliva secretion-suppressing action.
- FIG. 2 shows the salivary secretion rate results of the transdermal absorption type preparations containing each glycopyrronium salt on the 1st and 2nd days after application.
- both glycopyrronium salt groups tended to suppress salivary secretion compared to the placebo group, but neither of the glycopyrronium/bromide groups showed a significant effect.
- the glycopyrronium/hippurate group showed a significant effect only on the first day of application.
- the glycopyrronium salicylate group exhibited the strongest and significant saliva secretion-suppressing action on all evaluation days.
- transdermal absorption preparations containing various glycopyrronium salts As a result of confirming the saliva secretion-suppressing action of transdermal absorption preparations containing various glycopyrronium salts, it was confirmed that transdermal absorption preparations containing glycopyrronium salicylate had the strongest effect. These results indicate that the use of glycopyrronium salicylate as an active ingredient makes it possible to provide transdermal preparations containing glycopyrronium salts that are highly effective against drooling.
Abstract
Description
[1]グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物を含む医薬であって、流涎症を治療又は予防するために用いられる医薬。
[2]前記医薬が、貼付するように用いられることを特徴とする、[1]に記載の医薬。
[3]前記医薬が、1日1回貼付するように用いられることを特徴とする、[2]に記載の医薬。
[4]グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物を含む医薬であって、流涎症を治療又は予防するために1日1回貼付し、24時間ごとに貼り替えるように用いられることを特徴とする医薬。
[5]前記医薬が経皮吸収型製剤である、[1]~[4]に記載の医薬。
[6]グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物。
[7]グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物を含む医薬。
[8]支持体上に膏体層と剥離ライナーを有する経皮吸収型製剤であって、当該膏体層が有効成分を含み、当該有効成分がグリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩である、経皮吸収型製剤。
[10]流涎症を治療又は予防するための医薬の製造のための、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物の使用。
[11]それを必要とする患者にグリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物を投与することによる、流涎症を治療又は予防する方法。
本発明の流涎症の治療又は予防のための医薬は、通常、流涎症の治療又は予防のための医薬組成物である。
本発明の流涎症の治療又は予防のための医薬に用いる有効成分は、下記式(1)で示される3-(2-シクロペンチル-2-ヒドロキシ-2-フェニルアセトキシ)-1,1-ジメチルピロリジウム・サリチル酸塩(以下、「グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩」という)である。本明細書中では特に断らない限り、本発明には、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩の溶媒和物も含まれる。なお、本明細書において、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩の用語には、その溶媒和物が含まれることがある。また、グリコピロニウムには、その構造から、(3R,2R)、(3R,2S)、(3S,2R)、及び(3S,2S)の4種類の立体異性体が存在する。本発明の有効成分であるグリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩は、数種類の立体異性体を含む混合物であってもよいが、(3R,2S)及び(3S,2R)の組み合わせの混合物が好ましく、(3S,2R)の立体異性体単独であることが好ましい。
サリチル酸(2)を、適当な溶媒(例えば、蒸留水、アセトン、アセトニトリル等又はこれらの混合溶媒)中、銀塩(例えば、酸化銀又は硝酸銀等)を用いて、通常、0℃から溶媒の沸点の温度で、遮光下10分間から3日間反応させることによって、サリチル酸銀(3)を得ることができる。
グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩(4)を、適当な溶媒(例えば、蒸留水、アセトン、アセトニトリル等又はこれらの混合溶媒)中、前記工程1-1で製造したサリチル酸銀を用いて、通常、0℃から溶媒の沸点の温度で、遮光下1時間から3日間反応させ、析出した臭化銀をろ過することによって、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩(1)を得ることができる。
グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩(4)を、適当な溶媒(例えば、蒸留水、アセトン、アセトニトリル等又はこれらの混合溶媒)中、酢酸銀を用いて、通常、0℃から溶媒の沸点の温度で、遮光下1時間から3日間反応させ、析出した臭化銀をろ過することによって、グリコピロニウム・酢酸塩(5)を得ることができる。
前記工程2-1で製造したグリコピロニウム・酢酸塩(5)を、適当な溶媒(例えば、蒸留水、アセトン、アセトニトリル等又はこれらの混合溶媒)中、サリチル酸を用いて、通常、0℃から溶媒の沸点の温度で、1時間から3日間反応させることによって、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩(1)を得ることができる。
また、使用できる剥離シートとしては、膏体層を覆うものであれば特に限定されず、塩化ビニルフィルム、ポリエチレンフィルム、ポリプロピレンフィルム、ポリエステルフィルム、又はポリウレタンフィルム等を使用することができる。また、剥離シートの剥離を容易とする目的で、シリコン処理を施したシートやエンボス加工したシートを用いることもできる。
[核磁気共鳴スペクトル]
以下の塩製造例及び塩比較製造例における核磁気共鳴(1H-NMR)スペクトル測定は、VARIAN製(MR1008W041)を使用して行った。スペクトルは、テトラメチルシランを標準物質としてケミカルシフト値をδ値(ppm)で記載した。分裂パターンは、一重線を「s」、二重線を「d」、三重線を「t」、多重線を「m」で示した。
[融点]
以下の塩製造例及び塩比較製造例における融点測定は、Rigaku製(Thermo plus TG 8120)を使用して行った。測定条件は、測定温度は室温~200℃、加熱速度は5℃/分、測定間隔は0.2秒ごととした。
医薬品に適した6種類のカウンターアニオン(カルボン酸)を選択し、グリコピロニウム塩の合成を試みた。選択したカルボン酸を表1に示す。原料には、市販の(3RS,2SR)-グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩を用いた。
[塩製造例1]
褐色ナスフラスコに蒸留水13mL及び(3RS,2SR)-グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩500.0mg(1.26mmol)を入れ溶解させた。遮光下、40℃で酢酸銀209.5mg(1.26mmol)を加え、24時間撹拌した。反応液をセライトろ過し、蒸留水で洗浄後、ろ液を減圧濃縮した。得られた粗体のグリコピロニウム・酢酸塩にアセトニトリル10mLとサリチル酸173.5mg(1.26mmol)を加え、室温で18時間撹拌した。反応液を減圧濃縮、トルエン共沸し、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩の粗体を得た。トルエン10mLを加え、室温で5時間撹拌した。結晶が析出した懸濁液を-20℃で9日間静置した後、結晶をろ取した。40℃で減圧乾燥し、(3RS,2SR)-グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩517.8mg(収率91%)を得た。
[1H-NMR] (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.63 (ddd, 1H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.35 (t, 2H), 7.27 (t, 1H), 7.10 (ddd, 1H), 6.59-6.53 (m, 2H), 5.85 (s, 1H), 5.39-5.35 (m, 1H), 3.83 (dd, 1H), 3.72-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.60 (d, 1H), 3.54-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H), 2.95-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.13 (m, 8H).
mp 141℃.
褐色ナスフラスコに硝酸銀5.30g(31.2mmol)及び蒸留水6.3mLを入れ懸濁させ、サリチル酸ナトリウム5.00g(31.2mmol)の水溶液6.3mLを加え、遮光下室温で15分間撹拌した。析出している固体を桐山ロートでろ取し、蒸留水、エタノールの順で洗浄した後に減圧乾燥し、サリチル酸銀6.50g(収率85%)を得た。
褐色ナスフラスコに(3RS,2SR)-グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩1.50g(3.77mmol)、サリチル酸銀923mg(3.77mmol)、及び蒸留水35mLを入れ、遮光下40℃で20時間撹拌した。反応液をセライトろ過し、蒸留水で洗浄後、ろ液を減圧濃縮、トルエン共沸し、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩の粗体を得た。トルエン10mLを加え、超音波を当てて少量の固体を析出させた後に、トルエン20mLを加え室温で一晩撹拌した。析出した結晶をろ取し、トルエンで洗浄後、50℃で減圧乾燥し、(3RS,2SR)-グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩1.70g(収率99%)を得た。
[塩比較製造例1]
褐色ナスフラスコに馬尿酸20.0g(111mmol)、酸化銀12.9g(111mmol)、アセトン440mL、及び蒸留水220mLを入れ懸濁させ、遮光下室温で15時間撹拌した。析出している固体を桐山ロートでろ取し、蒸留水で洗浄後に減圧乾燥し、馬尿酸銀29.2g(収率91%)を得た。
褐色ナスフラスコに(3RS,2SR)-グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩5.00g(12.6mmol)、馬尿酸銀3.61g(12.6mmol)、及び蒸留水100mLを入れ、遮光下40℃で12時間撹拌した。反応液をセライトろ過し、蒸留水で洗浄後、ろ液を減圧濃縮、トルエン共沸し、グリコピロニウム・馬尿酸塩の粗体を得た。酢酸エチル100mLを加え、超音波を当てて少量の固体を析出させた後に、懸濁液を-20℃で3日間静置した後、結晶をろ取し、酢酸エチルで洗浄後、室温で減圧乾燥し、(3RS,2SR)-グリコピロニウム・馬尿酸塩5.10g(収率81%)を得た。
[1H-NMR] (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.81-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.53-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.35 (t, 2H), 7.27 (t, 1H), 5.92 (s, 1H), 5.41-5.34 (m, 1H), 3.83 (dd, 1H), 3.72-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.60 (d, 1H), 3.54-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.41 (d, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.13 (m, 8H).
mp 135℃.
塩製造例1と同様の手法を用いて、(3RS,2SR)-グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩から、表2に示すグリコピロニウム塩を合成した。結晶生成の可否も合わせて記載した。×は結晶が得られなかったことを表す。得られた塩の機器分析データを表3に示す。
グリコピロニウム・酢酸塩及びグリコピロニウム・安息香酸塩を合成した。酢酸塩は特表2008-534480公報の実施例2を参考にして、安息香酸塩は特表2016-510037公報の実施例2を参考にして、(3RS,2SR)-グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩からそれぞれを製造した。これらはいずれも、立体が(3RS,2SR)の結晶を獲得することができた。分析データは省略する。
グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩は、立体が(3RS,2SR)に特定されて市販されているものを購入し使用した。こちらは、結晶である。
[製剤製造例1]
グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩(グリコピロニウムとして6.5%)を含有する経皮吸収型製剤
グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩及びアクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル・酢酸ビニル・アクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル・メタクリル酸グリシジル共重合体の酢酸エチル・エタノール・ヘプタン・メタノールの混合溶液を表4に示す配合割合にてエタノールに溶解させた。得られた溶液を乾燥後の膏体が15mg/cm2(グリコピロニウムとして0.98mg/cm2)となるように、PET製の支持体上に塗工した後、乾燥することによりエタノール及び粘着剤中に含まれる有機溶媒を除去して膏体を得た。次にPET製の剥離シートを膏体上に貼り合わせた後、所望の大きさに裁断して経皮吸収型製剤を得た。
グリコピロニウム・安息香酸塩(グリコピロニウムとして6.5%)を含有する経皮吸収型製剤
製剤製造例1と同様にして、表4に示す配合割合でグリコピロニウム・安息香酸塩を含有する経皮吸収型製剤を製造した。
グリコピロニウム・馬尿酸塩(グリコピロニウムとして6.5%)を含有する経皮吸収型製剤
製剤製造例1と同様にして、表4に示す配合割合でグリコピロニウム・馬尿酸塩を含有する経皮吸収型製剤を製造した。
グリコピロニウム・酢酸塩(グリコピロニウムとして6.5%)を含有する経皮吸収型製剤
製剤製造例1と同様にして、表4に示す配合割合でグリコピロニウム・酢酸塩を含有する経皮吸収型製剤を製造した。
グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩(グリコピロニウムとして6.5%)を含有する経皮吸収型製剤
製剤製造例1と同様にして、表4に示す配合割合でグリコピロニウム・臭化物塩を含有する経皮吸収型製剤を製造した。
プラセボ貼付薬
アクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル・酢酸ビニル・アクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル・メタクリル酸グリシジル共重合体の酢酸エチル・エタノール・ヘプタン・メタノール混合溶液をエタノールに溶解させた。得られた溶液を乾燥後の膏体が15mg/cm2となるようにPET製の支持体上に塗工した後、乾燥することによりエタノール及び粘着剤中に含まれる有機溶媒を除去して膏体を得た。次にPET製の剥離シートを膏体上に貼り合わせた後、所望の大きさに裁断して貼付薬を得た。
[試験例1]
各種グリコピロニウム塩を含む経皮吸収型製剤(グリコピロニウムとして6.5%)のin vitro皮膚透過性試験
試験方法
ヌードマウス(BALB/cSlc-nu/nu、雄性、8~12週齢、日本エスエルシー株式会社)皮膚を用いて、製剤製造例1及び製剤比較製造例1~3に従い製造した以下の経皮吸収型製剤のin vitroでのグリコピロニウムの皮膚透過性を評価した。
・グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩群(n=3)
・グリコピロニウム・安息香酸塩群(n=3)
・グリコピロニウム・馬尿酸塩群(n=3)
・グリコピロニウム・酢酸塩群(n=3)
採取したヌードマウス皮膚に経皮吸収型製剤を貼布し、縦型拡散セル(開口部内径15mm、面積:1.767cm2、レセプター容量9.5mL、セル温度32℃設定)を用いて、レセプター溶液へのグリコピロニウム透過量を評価した。経皮吸収型製剤は開口部を満たす十分な大きさのものを使用した。レセプター溶液はPBSを用い、透過試験中はマグネチックスターラーで攪拌した。
一定時間後にレセプター溶液を採材し、LC-MS/MSを用いてグリコピロニウム濃度を測定した。レセプター溶液中グリコピロニウム濃度、レセプター容量及び開口部面積から単位面積当たりのグリコピロニウム透過量を算出した。
各経皮吸収型製剤の透過開始10時間後の単位面積当たりのグリコピロニウム透過量の結果を表5に示す。
グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩の皮膚透過量は、グリコピロニウムの安息香酸塩及び馬尿酸塩の約3倍、グリコピロニウム・酢酸塩の約8倍であり、4群のうちグリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩群が最も高いin vitroでの皮膚透過性を示した。グリコピロニウム塩の種類により、皮膚透過量に大きな差があることが明らかとなった。
[試験例2]
ピロカルピン誘発唾液分泌に対する各種グリコピロニウム塩を含む経皮吸収型製剤(グリコピロニウムとして6.5%)の0.5cm 2 貼付による影響
試験方法
ヘアレスラット(HWY/Slc、雄性、8週齢、日本エスエルシー株式会社)を以下のように4群に分けて実験を実施した。
・プラセボ群(n=5)
・グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩群(n=5)
・グリコピロニウム・馬尿酸塩群(n=5)
・グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩群(n=5)
イソフルラン麻酔下においてラットの頸部に製剤製造例1、製剤比較製造例2及び4、並びに製剤参考製造例1に従い製造した各種グリコピロニウム塩を含む経皮吸収型製剤(プラセボ製剤含む)0.5cm2を1日1回24時間ごとに2日間貼付した。
貼付1日目及び2日目(初回貼付23及び47時間後)のラットに、3種混合麻酔下で塩酸ピロカルピン0.5mg/kgを尾静脈内投与した。口腔内に綿球を挿入して、唾液を60分間採取した。唾液採取前後における綿球の重量差から唾液分泌量を算出し、プラセボ群の唾液分泌量の平均値を100%として、各個体の唾液分泌割合を以下の(式)により算出した。
(式)
唾液分泌割合(%)=(各個体の唾液分泌量/プラセボ群の平均唾液分泌量)×100
貼付1日目及び2日目の各グリコピロニウム塩を含む経皮吸収型製剤の唾液分泌割合の結果を図1に示す。
貼付1日目において、グリコピロニウム・馬尿酸塩群及びグリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩群でプラセボ群と比して有意な唾液分泌抑制作用が認められたが、グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩群では有意な作用は認められなかった。貼付2日目においてはいずれのグリコピロニウム塩群もプラセボ群と比して有意な唾液分泌抑制作用が認められたが、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩群が最も強い唾液分泌抑制作用を示した。
ピロカルピン誘発唾液分泌に対する各種グリコピロニウム塩を含む経皮吸収型製剤(グリコピロニウムとして6.5%)の0.25cm 2 貼付による影響
試験方法
貼付薬の面積を0.25cm2に変更した以外は、試験例2と同様の方法にて行った。
貼付1日目及び2日目の各グリコピロニウム塩を含む経皮吸収型製剤の唾液分泌割合の結果を図2に示す。
貼付1日目及び2日目において、いずれのグリコピロニウム塩群もプラセボ群に比して唾液分泌抑制傾向がみられたが、グリコピロニウム・臭化物塩群ではいずれも有意な作用を示さなかった。グリコピロニウム・馬尿酸塩群では、貼付1日目のみ有意な作用を示した。グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩群はいずれの評価日においても最も強く、かつ有意な唾液分泌抑制作用を示した。
各種グリコピロニウム塩を含む経皮吸収型製剤による唾液分泌抑制作用を確認した結果、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩を含む経皮吸収型製剤が最も作用が強いことが確認された。これらの結果は、グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩を有効成分に用いることで、流涎症に高い効果を示すグリコピロニウム塩を含む経皮吸収型製剤を提供できることを示している。
Claims (8)
- グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物を含む医薬であって、流涎症を治療又は予防するために用いられる医薬。
- 前記医薬が、貼付するように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の医薬。
- 前記医薬が、1日1回貼付するように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の医薬。
- グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物を含む医薬であって、流涎症を治療又は予防するために1日1回貼付し、24時間ごとに貼り替えるように用いられることを特徴とする医薬。
- 前記医薬が経皮吸収型製剤である、請求項1~4に記載の医薬。
- グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物。
- グリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩又はその溶媒和物を含む医薬。
- 支持体上に膏体層と剥離ライナーを有する経皮吸収型製剤であって、当該膏体層が有効成分を含み、当該有効成分がグリコピロニウム・サリチル酸塩である、経皮吸収型製剤。
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