WO2022163766A1 - 環状多官能モノマーを含む硬化性組成物 - Google Patents
環状多官能モノマーを含む硬化性組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022163766A1 WO2022163766A1 PCT/JP2022/003134 JP2022003134W WO2022163766A1 WO 2022163766 A1 WO2022163766 A1 WO 2022163766A1 JP 2022003134 W JP2022003134 W JP 2022003134W WO 2022163766 A1 WO2022163766 A1 WO 2022163766A1
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Classifications
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- B24B37/24—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the composition or properties of the pad materials
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Definitions
- the present invention provides a side chain-containing cyclic molecule containing three or more side chains having groups with active hydrogen at their ends, a urethane prepolymer having iso(thio)cyanate groups at both ends of the molecule, a diol, and an amino A curable composition containing a group-containing monomer, and a novel cured product obtained from the curable composition.
- a polishing member is a material used for flattening a mating member with an abrasive. Specifically, the polishing member is used by sliding and contacting the surface of a member to be polished while supplying an abrasive such as slurry to the surface when flattening the surface of the member to be polished. be. Examples include polishing pads.
- polishing pads Many polyurethane resins are used for such polishing pads.
- a polishing member a highly durable material with good wear resistance over a long period of time is always desired for cost reduction, stable production, and improved productivity.
- the polishing pad is specifically used as a pad material (hereinafter also referred to as a polishing pad) in the CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) method.
- the CMP method is a polishing method that imparts excellent surface flatness, and is particularly used in the manufacturing processes of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), glass substrates for hard disks, silicon wafers, and semiconductor devices.
- Patent Literature 1 In recent years, there has been a demand for polishing pads with further improvements in performance, particularly those with excellent flatness (prevention of edge sag) and wear resistance of the member to be polished.
- the polyurethane resin described in Patent Literature 1 cannot sufficiently satisfy the above-described problems, and has a problem of poor handleability due to the use of polyrotaxane, which is a polymer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a curable composition that is excellent in handleability, has high wear resistance, and becomes a cured product capable of exhibiting excellent mechanical properties.
- a side chain-containing cyclic molecule containing three or more side chains having a group with an active hydrogen at the end a side chain-containing cyclic molecule containing three or more side chains having a group with an active hydrogen at the end, a urethane prepolymer, and an amino group-containing
- a curable composition containing a monomer it is possible to obtain a cured body having excellent mechanical properties, and by using a diol in combination, the curable composition can be improved in handleability and obtained.
- (A) a side chain-containing cyclic molecule containing three or more side chains having groups with active hydrogen at their terminals (hereinafter also referred to as "(A) component” or “cyclic polyfunctional monomer”); and (B) A urethane prepolymer having iso(thio)cyanate groups at both ends of the molecule (hereinafter also referred to as “(B) component” or “urethane prepolymer”) and (C) diol (hereinafter referred to as "(C) component”
- a curable composition containing (D) an amino group-containing monomer hereinafter also referred to as "(D) component
- the second invention is a polishing pad obtained by curing the curable composition of the first invention.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [11].
- [1] (A) a side chain-containing cyclic molecule containing three or more side chains having groups with active hydrogen at their ends, and (B) a urethane prepolymer having iso(thio)cyanate groups at both ends of the molecule , (C) a diol, and (D) an amino group-containing monomer.
- the molecular weight of the side chains having groups with active hydrogens at their terminals is the number-average molecular weight.
- the curable composition according to the above [1] which is 300 or more.
- the curable composition of the present invention has excellent handleability, and the cured body obtained by curing the curable composition exhibits excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, when applied to a polishing pad, excellent wear resistance and polishing rate can be exhibited.
- the curable composition of the present invention comprises (A) a side chain-containing cyclic molecule containing three or more side chains having groups with active hydrogen at the ends, and (B) iso(thio)cyanate groups at both ends of the molecule. and (C) a diol, and (D) an amino group-containing monomer.
- cyclic molecule used in component (A) is not particularly limited as long as it is a cyclic molecule capable of containing three or more side chains having groups with active hydrogen at their terminals.
- cyclic molecules include cyclodextrin, crown ether, benzocrown, dibenzocrown, dicyclohexanocrown, cyclobis(paraquat-1,4-phenylene), dimethoxypyraarene, calixresorcinarene, calixarene, and Phenanthroline may be mentioned, among which cyclodextrin is preferred.
- the cyclodextrin has an ⁇ form (ring inner diameter 0.45 to 0.6 nm), a ⁇ form (ring inner diameter 0.6 to 0.8 nm), and a ⁇ form (ring inner diameter 0.8 to 0.95 nm). Mixtures of these can also be used.
- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -cyclodextrin are particularly preferred, and ⁇ -cyclodextrin is most preferred in terms of cost and physical properties.
- the calixresorcinarene is a cyclic molecule obtained by a cyclic condensation reaction between resorcinol and various aldehydes.
- the resorcinol is not limited to resorcinol, and resorcinol derivatives such as 2-nitroresorcinol may be used.
- aldehyde known aldehydes can be used without any limitation. Examples include aliphatic aldehydes such as n-butanal, isobutanal and heptanal, and aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, vanillin and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. More than one species may be mixed and used. Among them, heptanal, benzaldehyde and vanillin are preferably used.
- the calixresorcinarene is preferably a tetramer, but is not limited to this.
- the cyclic molecule used in the component (A) of the present invention contains at least three side chains having groups with active hydrogen at their terminals.
- the group having active hydrogen include a hydroxyl group and an amino group, with a hydroxyl group being preferred.
- the side chain having a group having an active hydrogen at its end can be contained by, for example, using a reactive functional group possessed by a cyclic molecule and allowing it to react with this reactive functional group.
- the reactive functional group examples include hydroxyl group and amino group, among which hydroxyl group is preferred.
- ⁇ -cyclodextrin has 21 OH groups (hydroxyl groups) as reactive functional groups, and the OH groups are reacted to introduce side chains. Therefore, up to 21 side chains can be introduced into one ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
- at least three or more side chains having active hydrogen-bearing groups at their terminals must be introduced in order to sufficiently exhibit the functions of the side chains described above.
- it is a cyclic molecule into which 5 or more side chains having groups having active hydrogen are introduced at the terminals, more preferably 7 or more side chains having groups having active hydrogen are introduced into the terminals.
- it is a cyclic molecule into which 8 or more side chains having groups with active hydrogen at the terminals are introduced.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but if the number of introductions is too large, the viscosity of the cyclic polyfunctional monomer may increase and the handleability may deteriorate. Therefore, it is particularly preferable to introduce 8 to 18 side chains.
- the side chain is not particularly limited, it is preferably formed by repeating an organic chain having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the number average molecular weight of such side chains is preferably 300 or more, for example. More particularly, the number average molecular weight of such side chains ranges from 300-10,000, preferably from 350-5,000, most preferably from 400-5,000, most preferably from 400-1,500.
- the number average molecular weight of this side chain can be adjusted by the amount used when the side chain is included, can be determined by calculation, or can be determined from 1 H-NMR measurement.
- the component (A) preferably has a certain viscosity range. By doing so, it is possible to have excellent handleability, and the appearance and edge sag resistance when a polishing pad is formed from the curable composition tend to be good.
- a preferable viscosity range is 500 mPa ⁇ s to 90,000 mPa ⁇ s at 60° C., more preferably 500 mPa ⁇ s to 10,000 mPa ⁇ s, and most preferably 1000 mPa ⁇ s to 6,000 mPa ⁇ s. 000 mPa ⁇ s. These can be determined, for example, with a rotational viscometer.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the component (A) is 1,500 to 200,000, particularly 2,000 to 50,000, particularly preferably 2,500 to 10,000, The most preferred range is between 3,000 and 8,000.
- the degree of dispersion is preferably 1.2 or less.
- the weight-average molecular weight Mw and the degree of dispersion are values measured by the GPC measurement method described in Examples described later.
- component (A) may or may not form a complex with other molecules.
- the cyclic molecule having an active hydrogen group-containing side chain preferably does not form a complex with other molecules.
- the side chain as described above may be linear or branched.
- the side chain can be contained in the cyclic molecule by appropriately selecting the methods and compounds disclosed in WO 2015/159875.
- methods include ring-opening polymerization; radical polymerization; cationic polymerization; anionic polymerization; living radical polymerization such as atom transfer radical polymerization, RAFT polymerization, NMP polymerization, and the like, among which ring-opening polymerization is preferred.
- a side chain of an appropriate size can be contained by reacting a suitably selected compound with the reactive functional group of the cyclic molecule.
- Examples of the compound that reacts with the reactive functional group of the cyclic molecule include, in ring-opening polymerization, cyclic ethers, cyclic siloxanes, cyclic lactones, cyclic lactams, cyclic acetals, cyclic amines, cyclic carbonates, cyclic iminoethers, and cyclic thiocarbonates. and the like, and a side chain derived from the cyclic compound can be contained in the cyclic molecule.
- cyclic compounds it is preferable to use cyclic ethers, cyclic lactones, and cyclic lactams from the viewpoints of high reactivity and easy adjustment of the molecular weight.
- the side chains contained by ring-opening polymerization of these cyclic lactones and cyclic ethers end with hydroxyl groups, and the side chains contained by ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic lactams are the side chains of the side chains.
- the end will be an amino group.
- cyclic ethers cyclic lactones, cyclic lactams, and cyclic carbonates are exemplified below.
- cyclic ethers ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, 1,2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide, isobutylene oxide, oxetane, 3-methyloxetane, 3,3-dimethyloxetane, Tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, etc.
- cyclic lactones 4-membered ring lactone; ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -methylpropiolactone, L-serine- ⁇ -lactone, etc.
- cyclic lactams 4-membered ring lactam; 4-benzoyloxy-2-azetidinone, etc.
- cyclic carbonates Ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene glycerol carbonate 1,2-carbonate, 4-(methoxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, (chloromethyl) ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, 4,5- Dimethyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one, 4-chloromethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one, 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,5-diphenyl -1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-dimethyl-5-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5-methyl-5-propyl-1 ,3-dioxolan-2-one, 5,5-diethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
- the above cyclic compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the cyclic compound preferably used is a lactone compound or a lactam compound
- lactone compounds are ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ - lactone compounds such as valerolactone and ⁇ -butyrolactone
- particularly preferred lactam compounds are ⁇ -caprolactam, ⁇ -butyrolactam and DL- ⁇ -amino- ⁇ -caprolactam
- ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -caprolactam is particularly preferred lactone compounds.
- the reactive functional group (e.g., hydroxyl group) of the cyclic molecule lacks reactivity, and it is difficult to directly react a large molecule, especially due to steric hindrance.
- the lactone compound such as caprolactone described above
- a low-molecular-weight compound such as propylene oxide is once reacted with the reactive functional group of the cyclic molecule to perform hydroxypropylation
- a method of forming a highly reactive functional group in advance is preferred.
- a means of incorporating a side chain by ring-opening polymerization using the above-described cyclic compound can be adopted.
- the hydroxypropylated moieties can also be considered side chains.
- catalysts can be used without any restrictions for the ring-opening polymerization described above.
- organic titanium compounds such as tetramethyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate, and tetrabutyl titanate
- organic tin compounds such as tin 2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tin octoate, dibutyltin oxide, and dibutyltin acetate
- stannous chloride such as tetramethyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate, and tetrabutyl titanate
- organic tin compounds such as tin 2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tin octoate, dibutyltin oxide, and dibutyltin acetate
- stannous chloride such as tetramethyl titan
- the amount of the remaining catalyst is preferably 5000 ppm or less with respect to the component (A) in terms of various metals used in the catalyst. It is more preferably 1000 ppm or less, and most preferably 600 ppm or less. Incidentally, the amount of the remaining catalyst metal can be measured by ICP emission described in Examples described later.
- the amount of the catalyst is preferably 50 ppm or more, more preferably 100 ppm or more, relative to the component (A) in terms of various metals used in the catalyst.
- the side chain contained in the cyclic molecule can contain a side chain having a group having an active hydrogen at the end of the side chain by various methods.
- the group having active hydrogen is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include hydroxyl group, amino group, thiol group and the like. Among them, in the present invention, the group having a preferred active hydrogen is a hydroxyl group.
- the cyclic molecules are ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and the reactive functional groups of the cyclic molecules are reacted with propylene oxide to form hydroxypropyl groups. It contains 3 or more side chains as polycaprolactone chains obtained by ring-opening polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactone.
- the method for producing the component (A) is not particularly limited, but as an example of the component (A) that can be most preferably used, first, propylene oxide is reacted with the hydroxyl groups of ⁇ -cyclodextrin or ⁇ -cyclodextrin. After converting the hydroxyl group into a hydroxypropyl group, the hydroxypropyl group is preferably reacted with a polycaprolactone chain obtained by ring-opening polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactone. At this time, the hydroxypropyl group may be reacted with the polycaprolactone chain after ring-opening polymerization. It is preferable to
- the above-mentioned catalysts and organic solvents can be used, it is more preferable to synthesize without solvents in terms of simplicity and cost.
- the amount of metal catalyst can be reduced, and not only the cost of solvent and the time to remove the solvent, but also the cost of removing catalysts such as tin are unnecessary, which is very useful for industrial production. be.
- the cyclic molecule may be a complex with another molecule.
- it has a structure in which a chain-shaped axial molecule penetrates through the rings of the above-described multiple cyclic molecules, and bulky groups are bonded to both ends of the axial molecule, so that the cyclic molecule cannot come off from the axial molecule due to steric hindrance.
- a polyrotaxane form may also be used as the component (A).
- component (B) comprises (B2) a diol and (B1) a bifunctional iso(thio)cyanate group-containing compound having two iso(thio)cyanate groups in the molecule (hereinafter referred to as "component (B1) ", or "bifunctional iso(thio)cyanate group-containing compound").
- component (B1) a bifunctional iso(thio)cyanate group-containing compound having two iso(thio)cyanate groups in the molecule
- component (B1) or "bifunctional iso(thio)cyanate group-containing compound”
- the iso(thio)cyanate group refers to an isocyanate group or an isothiocyanate group.
- having two iso(thio)cyanate groups in the molecule means having two isocyanate groups, having two isothiocyanate groups, or having one isocyanate group and one isothiocyanate group. refers to any of
- having an iso(thio)cyanate group at both ends of a molecule means that the molecule has isocyanate groups at both ends, has an isothiocyanate group at both ends of the molecule, or has an isocyanate group at one end of the molecule. and having an isothiocyanate group at the other end.
- examples of the (B1) component which is a raw material for the (B) component, include polymerizable monomers described in International Publication No. 2019/198675.
- At least one (B2) diol having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 1500 is used. It is preferred to manufacture component (B).
- the (B2) diols having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 1500 can be used in combination of different types and different molecular weights. At that time, the (B2) diol may be combined so that the total number average molecular weight is 300 to 1,500.
- a diol having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 1500 and a diol having a number average molecular weight of 90 to 300 can also be used in combination with the diol.
- the number average molecular weight is Component (C) of 90 to 300 is preferably 0 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 40 parts by mass, and most preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass.
- component (B) must have isocyanate groups and/or isothiocyanate groups at both ends of the molecule. Therefore, in component (B), the total number of moles (n5) of isocyanate groups and/or isothiocyanate groups in component (B1) and the total number of moles (n6) of hydroxyl groups in (B2) diol are 1 ⁇ (n5 )/(n6) ⁇ 2.3.
- the number of moles (n5) of the isocyanate groups and/or isothiocyanate groups is, of course, the sum of the isocyanate groups and/or isothiocyanate groups of the component (B1). Number of moles.
- the number of moles (n6) of hydroxyl groups of two or more types of (B2) diols is, of course, the total number of moles of all hydroxyl groups.
- the iso(thio)cyanate equivalent (total amount of isocyanate equivalents and/or isothiocyanate equivalents) of component (B) is determined by quantifying the isocyanate groups and/or isothiocyanate groups possessed by component (B) in accordance with JIS K 7301. can be obtained by The isocyanate group and/or isothiocyanate group can be quantified by the following back titration method. First, the obtained component (B) is dissolved in a dry solvent.
- di-n-butylamine which is clearly in excess of the amount of isocyanate groups and/or isothiocyanate groups possessed by component (B) and has a known concentration, is added to the dry solvent, and (B ) reacting all isocyanate groups and/or isothiocyanate groups of the component with di-n-butylamine.
- the unconsumed (did not participate in the reaction) di-n-butylamine is then titrated with acid to determine the amount of di-n-butylamine consumed. Since the consumed di-n-butylamine and the isocyanate groups and/or isothiocyanate groups of the component (B) are the same, the iso(thio)cyanate equivalent can be determined.
- component (B) is a straight-chain urethane prepolymer having isocyanate groups and/or isothiocyanate groups at both ends, the number average molecular weight of component (B) is the iso(thio)cyanate equivalent of 2 be doubled. The molecular weight of this component (B) is likely to agree with the value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the iso(thio)cyanate equivalent in the present invention is preferably 300-1000, more preferably 350-800, most preferably 400-600.
- the reason for this is considered as follows. That is, when the component (B) having a certain molecular weight reacts with the component (A) to form a cured product, the working sites of the molecules including the side chains increase and the movement of the molecules themselves increases. It is considered that recovery from deformation (elastic recovery; low hysterics) is facilitated. Furthermore, it is believed that the use of the component (B) facilitates the dispersion of the cross-linking points in the cured product, and makes them exist randomly and uniformly, thereby exhibiting stable performance.
- the resulting curable composition is excellent in handleability, making it easier to control during production and improving moldability.
- a cured body obtained by curing the curable composition of the present invention is used as a polishing pad, a polishing pad having excellent moldability can be produced.
- (B2) diol a compound having two hydroxyl groups can be used without particular limitation, and for example, a compound described later as component (C) can be used. That is, as the diol (B2), aliphatic diols, alicyclic diols, aromatic diols, polyester polyols, polyether polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyacrylic polyols, castor oil-based polyols, etc. can be used. can. Among them, aliphatic diols are preferred, and polyoxytetramethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol are more preferred.
- the method for producing the component (B) used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and the diol (B2) and the component (B1) are reacted by a known method to form an isocyanate group and/or an isothiocyanate group at the end of the molecule. It is sufficient to produce the component (B) having
- the component (B) for the production of the component (B), it can be produced by heating or adding a urethanization catalyst as necessary.
- Component (C) used in the present invention can be used without limitation as long as it is a compound having two hydroxyl groups in one molecule, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Such a (C) component can also be used as a raw material for the above-described (B) component. Further, in the present invention, the use of the component (C) makes it possible to improve handling properties and adjust the hardness of the cured body obtained by curing the curable composition, and the component (A) Excellent wear resistance can be expressed by combining with
- Component (C) that can be suitably used in the present invention includes the following aliphatic diols, alicyclic diols, aromatic diols, polyester polyols, polyether polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyacrylic polyols, and castor oil-based Examples include, but are not limited to, polyols.
- aliphatic diols ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1,5-dihydroxypentane, 1,6-dihydroxyhexane, 1,7-dihydroxyheptane, 1,8-dihydroxyoctane, 1,9-dihydroxynonane, 1,10-dihydroxydecane, 1,11-dihydroxyundecane, 1,12-dihydroxydodecane, neopentyl glycol, glyceryl monooleate, monoelaidin, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyoxytetramethylene glycol, 3-methyl-1 ,5-dihydroxypentane, dihydroxyneopentyl, 1,6-dihydroxyhexane, 2-ethyl-1,2-dihydroxyhexane, 2-methyl-1,3-dihydroxypropane, diols such as 1,10-dihydroxydecane
- Alicyclic diol hydrogenated bisphenol A, cyclobutanediol, cyclopentanediol, cyclohexanediol, cycloheptanediol, cyclooctanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, hydroxypropylcyclohexanol, tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane-dimethanol, bicyclo[4,3,0]-nonanediol, dicyclohexanediol, tricyclo[5,3,1,13,9]dodecanediol, bicyclo[4,3,0]nonanedimethanol, tricyclo[5,3,1 ,1 3,9 ]dodecan-diethanol, hydroxypropyltricyclo[5,3,1,1 3,9 ]dodecanol, spiro[3,4]octanediol, butylcyclohex
- polyester polyols It is a compound obtained by a condensation reaction between a polyol and a polybasic acid, and includes those having two hydroxyl groups in the molecule. Among them, the number average molecular weight is preferably from 300 to 2,000, most preferably from 400 to 1,500.
- the polyols include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3,3′-dimethylolheptane, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentyl glycol, 3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)heptane, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, etc., which are used alone However, two or more types may be mixed and used.
- polybasic acids examples include succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, orthophthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- polyester polyols are commercially available as reagents or industrially.
- Examples of commercially available products include the "Polylite (registered trademark)” series manufactured by DIC Corporation, and the “Nipporan (registered trademark)” manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd. )” series, the “Maximol (registered trademark)” series manufactured by Kawasaki Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the “Kuraray Polyol (registered trademark)” series manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., and the like.
- polyether polyols A compound obtained by ring-opening polymerization of an alkylene oxide or a reaction of a compound having two or more active hydrogen-containing groups in the molecule with an alkylene oxide, and a modified product thereof, having two hydroxyl groups in the molecule. be done.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably from 200 to 2,000, most preferably from 200 to 1,500.
- polyether polyols examples include polymer polyols, urethane-modified polyether polyols, and polyether ester copolymer polyols.
- compounds having two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule include water, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol. , butanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol, triethanolamine, diglycerin, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol and other glycols having two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and polyol compounds such as glycerin. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the alkylene oxides include cyclic ether compounds such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Such polyether polyols are commercially available as reagents or industrially.
- ADEKA CORPORATION "ADEKA POLYETHER” series and the like can be mentioned.
- polycaprolactone polyol It is a compound obtained by ring-opening polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactone and includes two hydroxyl groups in the molecule.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably from 300 to 2,000, most preferably from 400 to 1,500.
- polycaprolactone polyols are commercially available as reagents or industrially.
- examples of commercially available products include the "PLAXEL (registered trademark)” series manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- polycarbonate polyols A compound obtained by phosgenation of one or more low-molecular-weight polyols or a compound obtained by transesterification using ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, etc., and having two hydroxyl groups in the molecule.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably from 300 to 2,000, most preferably from 400 to 1,500.
- Low-molecular-weight polyols include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol , 2-ethyl-4-butyl-1,3-propanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexane-1,4-diol, cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol, dimer acid diol, bisphenol A Low-molecular-weight polyols
- polycarbonate polyols are commercially available as reagents or industrially, and examples of commercially available products include the "Duranol (registered trademark)” series manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation, and the “Kuraray Polyol (registered trademark)” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. )” series, Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd.'s “Placcel (registered trademark)” series, Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.'s “Nipporan (registered trademark)” series, and Ube Industries, Ltd.'s "ETERNACOLL (registered trademark)” series. be able to.
- polyacrylic polyol It is a polyol compound obtained by polymerizing a (meth)acrylate acid ester or a vinyl monomer, and includes those having two hydroxyl groups in the molecule.
- castor oil-based polyol examples include polyol compounds using castor oil, which is a natural fat and oil, as a starting material, and those having hydroxyl groups (two in the molecule) only at both ends of the molecule. These castor oil polyols are commercially available as reagents or industrially. Examples of commercially available products include the "URIC (registered trademark)" series manufactured by Ito Seiyu Co., Ltd.
- the component (C) that can be particularly preferably used preferably has a number average molecular weight in the range of 100 to 2000, more preferably in the range of 150 to 1000, and more preferably in the range of 200 to 1000. is most preferred. Within this range, it is easy to impart excellent handling characteristics.
- the number average molecular weight of the component (C) and the above-mentioned (B2) diol is the molecular weight obtained from the chemical structure in the case of a compound with no molecular weight distribution such as a low molecular weight compound, and the molecular weight is distributed in the molecular weight of a polymer compound.
- component (C) that can be particularly suitably used includes aliphatic diols, or polyester polyols consisting only of aliphatics, polyether polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyacrylic polyols, and castor oil-based polyols. Aliphatic diols and polycarbonate polyols are more preferred, aliphatic diols are more preferred, and polyoxytetramethylene glycol is most preferred.
- component (D) ⁇ (D) amino group-containing monomer; component (D)>
- Component (D) contained in the curable composition of the present invention can be used without limitation as long as it is a compound having two or more primary and/or secondary amino groups in one molecule, and can be used singly or You may use 2 or more types together.
- the component (D) preferably has at least a primary amino group in one molecule, more preferably two or more primary amino groups in one molecule.
- the obtained cured product becomes a urethane urea resin having a urea bond. Therefore, it is useful for improving the mechanical strength of the obtained cured product.
- the number of amino groups that the component (D) has in the molecule is not particularly limited as long as it is two or more. Taking this into consideration, the number is preferably 2 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4, even more preferably 2 to 3, and particularly preferably 2.
- the component (D) can be broadly classified into aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines, aromatic amines, and polyrotaxanes having an amino group polymerizable with an isocyanate group. Specific examples of component (D) include the following.
- Bifunctional amines such as ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, undecanemethylenediamine, dodecamethylenediamine, metaxylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, and polyamines such as polyamines such as diethylenetriamine.
- aromatic amines 4,4′-methylenebis(o-chloroaniline) (MOCA), 2,6-dichloro-p-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-methylenebis(2,3-dichloroaniline), 4,4′-methylenebis(2 -ethyl-6-methylaniline), 3,5-bis(methylthio)-2,4-toluenediamine, 3,5-bis(methylthio)-2,6-toluenediamine, 3,5-diethyltoluene-2, 4-diamine, 3,5-diethyltoluene-2,6-diamine, trimethylene glycol-di-p-aminobenzoate, polytetramethylene glycol-di-p-aminobenzoate, 4,4'-diamino-3,3 ',5,5'-tetraethyldiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-diisopropyl-5,5'-d
- the most preferable component (D) among those mentioned above is 4,4′-methylenebis(o-chloroaniline) (MOCA), 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-diethyl-5,5′- dimethyldiphenylmethane, 3,5-diethyltoluene-2,4-diamine, 3,5-diethyltoluene-2,6-diamine, 3,5-bis(methylthio)-2,4-toluenediamine, 3,5-bis (methylthio)-2,6-toluenediamine, trimethylene glycol-di-p-aminobenzoate and the like.
- MOCA 4,4′-methylenebis(o-chloroaniline)
- the curable composition containing components (A), (B), (C), and (D) preferably has the following formulation.
- 2 to 50 parts by mass of component (A) and 2 to 50 parts by mass of component (B) are It is preferable to contain 30 to 90 parts by mass, 2 to 50 parts by mass of component (C), and 2 to 20 parts by mass of component (D), and 5 to 40 parts by mass of component (A), ( It is more preferable to contain 50 to 80 parts by mass of component B, 5 to 40 parts by mass of component (C), and 3 to 10 parts by mass of component (D), and 8 to 8 parts by mass of component (A). It is most preferable to contain 30 parts by mass, 55 to 80 parts by mass of component (B), 8 to 30 parts by mass of component (C), and 4 to 10 parts by mass of component (D). By containing it in such a range, the cured body obtained by curing the curable composition can exhibit excellent wear resistance and polishing properties.
- a reaction catalyst for urethane or urea can be used in order to speed up the curing.
- urethane or urea reaction catalysts known ones can be used without any limitation, and as specific examples, those described in International Publication No. 2015/068798 can be used.
- the urethane or urea reaction catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It may be in the range of 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, particularly 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the total of component and component (D).
- the curable composition of the present invention can use various known compounding agents within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- abrasive grains, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, anti-coloring agents, fluorescent dyes, dyes, photochromic compounds, pigments, fragrances, surfactants, flame retardants, plasticizers, fillers, antistatic agents, Foam stabilizers, solvents, leveling agents and other additives may be added.
- These additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- These additives can be incorporated into the cured product of the present invention by incorporating them into the curable composition and curing the curable composition.
- the cured product obtained by curing the curable composition may be a foamed cured product obtained by foaming the cured product.
- a foaming hardened body or a non-foaming hardened body may be selected depending on the desired application and hardness, but when the hardened body of the present invention is used as a polishing pad, the foamed hardened body is more preferable.
- Such a foamed cured product can be obtained by a known foaming method, for example, by blending a foaming agent or fine particles into the curable composition, or by blowing gas into the curable composition and then curing the curable composition. Thus, a foamed cured product can be obtained.
- Examples of specific methods for foaming the cured product include a foaming agent foaming method in which a volatile foaming agent such as a low boiling point hydrocarbon or water is added, and a method in which fine hollow particles (microballoons) are dispersed and cured. , a method of mixing thermally expandable fine particles and then heating the fine particles to foam them, or a mechanical froth foaming method of blowing an inert gas such as air or nitrogen during mixing.
- a foaming agent foaming method in which a volatile foaming agent such as a low boiling point hydrocarbon or water is added
- fine hollow particles microballoons
- a method of mixing thermally expandable fine particles and then heating the fine particles to foam them or a mechanical froth foaming method of blowing an inert gas such as air or nitrogen during mixing.
- (E) component As the (E) hollow microparticles (hereinafter also referred to as "(E) component") contained in the curable composition of the present invention, known ones can be used without any limitation. Specific examples include particles having outer shells made of vinylidene chloride resin, (meth)acrylate resin, acrylonitrile-vinylidene chloride copolymer, epoxy resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, urethane resin, or the like. Among them, the component (E) is preferably made of a urethane-based resin or a melamine-based resin. It is preferably a fine hollow particle composed of a hollow portion.
- the urethane-based resin is a resin having a urethane bond and/or a urea bond.
- a melamine-based resin is a resin produced by polycondensation of melamine and formaldehyde. When these fine hollow particles are used, uniform foams can be produced efficiently and easily. Furthermore, when these fine hollow particles are used, defects such as scratches are less likely to occur, and hysteresis loss is also reduced.
- the average particle size of the component (E) is not particularly limited, it is preferably within the following range. Specifically, it is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and most preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the bulk density of the component (E) is also not particularly limited, but is preferably within the following range. Specifically, it is preferably 0.01 g/cm 3 to 0.5 g/cm 3 , more preferably 0.02 g/cm 3 to 0.3 g/cm 3 .
- the bulk density is the density of the component (E) when expanded. In the stage of mixing with the curable composition of the present invention, if the component (E) is an unexpanded type particle that expands due to heat during curing, the bulk density when expanded is the above bulk Density is preferred.
- component (E) may be appropriately determined according to the intended use. Above all, when the obtained cured product is used as a polishing pad, the following compounding amounts are preferred. Specifically, component (E) is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of component (A), component (B), component (C), and component (D). , more preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass.
- the density of the cured product when foamed is preferably 0.40 to 0.95 g/cm 3 .
- carbon dioxide serves as a foaming gas, while the amino groups are further iso(thio) It reacts with cyanate groups to form urea and/or thiourea bonds.
- the cured body obtained from the curable composition of the present invention can have any suitable hardness.
- the hardness can be measured according to the Shore method, for example, according to JIS standard (hardness test) K6253.
- the cured product preferably has a Shore hardness of 30A to 70D, more preferably 40A to 60D ("A" is Shore "A '' scale, and ''D'' indicates hardness on the Shore ''D'' scale).
- the hardness can be arbitrarily set by changing the compounding composition and compounding amount as necessary.
- the cured body obtained from the curable composition of the present invention is used as a polishing pad, it is preferable that the cured body has a certain range of compressibility in order to develop the flatness of the object to be polished. Compression rate can be measured by a method conforming to JIS L 1096. The compressibility of the cured body is preferably 0.5% to 50%. Within the above range, it is possible to exhibit excellent flatness of the object to be polished.
- the hysteresis loss of the cured body is preferably 60% or less, more preferably 50% or less. % or less.
- Hysteresis loss can be measured by a method conforming to JIS K 6251, for example. Specifically, the test piece prepared in the shape of a dumbbell is stretched 100% and then returned to its original state, resulting in a hysteresis loss (area of elongation and stress when stretched and restored / elongation and stress when stretched area of stress x 100) can be measured.
- the low hysteresis loss when used as a polishing pad, it is presumed that the kinetic energy of the abrasive grains can be uniformly used for polishing the object to be polished, so excellent flatness and a high polishing rate are exhibited. becomes possible. Furthermore, it is believed that the low hysteresis loss enables the development of an excellent polishing rate even with a soft pad.
- the “elongation and stress area when stretched and undone” is represented by “the area of the stress-strain curve during stretching ⁇ the area of the stress-strain curve during contraction”, and is described above. "Elongation vs. stress area in elongation” means "area of stress-strain curve in elongation”.
- the abrasion resistance of the cured body is such that the wear amount in the Taber abrasion test is preferably 60 mg or less, more preferably 50 mg or less. It is preferable to be By reducing the amount of Taber wear, it is possible to exhibit excellent wear resistance when used as a polishing pad.
- the method described in Examples described later can be used as a detailed execution method of the Taber abrasion test.
- the polishing pad when the polishing pad is composed of a plurality of layers, at least one of the layers can use the above-mentioned cured body as a member of the polishing pad.
- a polishing layer also referred to as a first layer
- the base layer also referred to as the second layer
- the underlayer preferably has a lower hardness than the polishing layer.
- the hardening material may be used not only for the polishing layer but also for the underlying layer.
- the cured body when used as a polishing pad, the cured body can be made into a fixed abrasive cured body by adding abrasive grains to the curable composition and curing the composition.
- abrasive grains for example, particles made of a material selected from cerium oxide, silicon oxide, alumina, silicon carbide, zirconia, iron oxide, manganese dioxide, titanium oxide and diamond, or particles of two or more kinds of these materials. etc.
- the method for containing these abrasive grains is not particularly limited, but for example, after dispersing these abrasive grains in the curable composition, the curable composition can be cured to include them in the cured product.
- the shape of the polishing pad is not particularly limited, and a groove structure can be formed on its surface.
- the groove structure preferably has a shape that retains and renews the slurry when polishing the member to be polished.
- X (stripe) grooves XY lattice grooves, concentric circular grooves, through holes, non-through holes, polygonal columns, cylinders, spiral grooves, eccentric circular grooves, radial grooves, and these A combination of grooves may be mentioned.
- the method for producing the groove structure is not particularly limited.
- a method of mechanical cutting using a tool such as a tool of a predetermined size, a method of manufacturing by pouring resin into a mold with a predetermined surface shape and curing it, and a press plate with a predetermined surface shape
- a method of manufacturing by pressing a resin with a method of manufacturing using photolithography, a method of manufacturing using a printing method, and a manufacturing method using a laser beam such as a carbon dioxide laser.
- the curable composition can be applied or impregnated on a nonwoven fabric, for example, and then cured to form a nonwoven polishing pad.
- Viscosity measurement Viscosity was measured using a Brookfield rotational viscometer (BROOKFIELD RST-CPS Rheometer manufactured by Eiko Seiki Co., Ltd.) at 60° C. under a shear stress of 100 (Pa).
- ICP emission Measurement of ICP luminescence was carried out by dissolving a sample in a mixture of methyl isobutyl ketone and isopropyl alcohol at 1000 ppm as a solvent, and using an ICP emission spectrometer (i CAP 6500 DUO manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd.). The amount of metal contained was calculated.
- Density Density (g/cm 3 ) was measured with (DSG-1) manufactured by Toyo Seiki.
- Shore D hardness was measured with a durometer manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd. according to JIS standard (hardness test) K6253. The thickness was measured so as to be 6 mm. Relatively low hardness was measured by Shore A hardness, and relatively high hardness was measured by Shore D hardness.
- Abrasion resistance A Taber abrasion test was measured with a 5130 type apparatus manufactured by Taber. A Taber wear test was performed with a load of 1 kg, a rotation speed of 60 rpm, a number of revolutions of 1000, and an abrasion wheel of H-18 to measure the amount of wear.
- Hysteresis loss A resin punched into a dumbbell No. 8 shape with a thickness of 2 mm is stretched by 20 mm at 10 mm / min with an autograph of AG-SX manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, and then hysteresis when returning until the stress becomes zero. loss was measured.
- Polishing rate was measured under the following conditions. The polishing rate is the average value of ten 2-inch sapphire wafers.
- CMP polishing pad 500 mm diameter, 1 mm thick pad with concentric grooves formed on the surface
- Slurry FUJIMI Compol 80 undiluted solution Pressure: 4 psi Rotation speed: 45rpm Time: 1 hour
- Scratch resistance Ten wafers were checked for scratches when polished under the conditions described in (6) above. Evaluation was performed according to the following criteria. 1: Measured with a laser microscope, all 10 wafers have no defects 2: Measured with a laser microscope, 1 out of 10 wafers have scratches 3: Measured with a laser microscope, 10 wafers Two or more wafers with scratches
- Edge sagging Edge sagging of a 2-inch sapphire wafer when polished under the conditions described in the same manner as for the scratch resistance in (7) was checked. Evaluation was performed according to the following criteria. 1: Measure the edge portion of the wafer with a laser microscope, and the edge sag is within 30 ⁇ m 2: Measure the edge portion of the wafer with a laser microscope, and the edge sag is within 60 ⁇ m 3: Measure the edge portion of the wafer with a laser microscope Measured and the edge sag exceeds 90 ⁇ m 4: The edge portion of the wafer is measured with a laser microscope and the edge sag exceeds 120 ⁇ m 5: The edge portion of the wafer is measured with a laser microscope and the edge sag exceeds 150 ⁇ m
- A-1 A cyclic polyfunctional monomer using ⁇ -cyclodextrin as a cyclic molecule and having nine side chains with hydroxyl groups at the ends
- Weight average molecular weight Mw (GPC): 4800 Dispersion degree (GPC): 1.05 Modification degree of side chain: 0.43 (43% when displayed in %)
- Group with active hydrogen at side chain end hydroxyl Number of side chains contained in cyclic molecule: 9
- Molecular weight of side chain about 560 in terms of number average molecular weight
- Residual tin content 300 ppm
- Manufacturing method of A-1) Hydroxypropylated ⁇ -cyclodextrin (manufactured by CycloChem Co., Ltd.): 10 g and ⁇ -caprolactone: 32.0 g were stirred while heating to 130° C.
- A-2 Polyrotaxane having a cyclic polyfunctional monomer using ⁇ -cyclodextrin as a cyclic molecule and having nine side chains having hydroxyl groups at the ends (physical properties of A-2) Weight average molecular weight Mw (GPC): 120,000 Degree of dispersion (GPC): 1.23 Modification degree of side chain: 0.5 (50% when displayed in %) Group with active hydrogen at side chain end: hydroxyl Number of side chains contained in cyclic molecule: 9 Molecular weight of side chain: about 350 in terms of number average molecular weight Viscosity: 71,000mPa s Residual tin content: 800 ppm (Manufacturing method of A-2) Linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of 10,000 was used as the axis molecule, PEG: 10 g, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radical): 100 mg, bromide Sodium: 1 g was dissolved in water
- the prepared PEG-COOH: 3 g and ⁇ -cyclodextrin ( ⁇ -CD): 12 g were each dissolved in 50 mL of water at 70°C, and the resulting solutions were mixed and shaken well. Next, this mixed solution was reprecipitated at a temperature of 4° C. for 12 hours, and the precipitated inclusion complex was freeze-dried and recovered. Thereafter, after dissolving 0.13 g of adamantaneamine in 50 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature, the above inclusion complex was added and the mixture was quickly shaken.
- DMF dimethylformamide
- the slurry reagent obtained above was allowed to stand at 4° C. for 12 hours. Then, DMF/methanol mixed solvent (volume ratio 1/1): 50 ml was added, mixed and centrifuged, and the supernatant was discarded. Furthermore, after washing with the above DMF/methanol mixed solution, washing with methanol and centrifugation were performed to obtain a precipitate. After drying the resulting precipitate by vacuum drying, it was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): 50 mL, and the obtained transparent solution was dropped into 700 mL of water to precipitate polyrotaxane. The precipitated polyrotaxane was collected by centrifugation and vacuum dried.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- Polyrotaxane purified above 500 mg was dissolved in 1 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution: 50 mL, propylene oxide: 3.83 g (66 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours under an argon atmosphere. Next, the above polyrotaxane solution was neutralized with a 1 mol/L HCl aqueous solution to a pH of 7 to 8, dialyzed with a dialysis tube, and freeze-dried to obtain a hydroxypropylated polyrotaxane. The obtained hydroxypropylated polyrotaxane was identified by 1 H-NMR and GPC, and confirmed to be a hydroxypropylated polyrotaxane having the desired structure. The degree of modification of the hydroxyl group of the cyclic molecule with the hydroxypropyl group was 0.5, and the weight average molecular weight Mw was 50,000 by GPC measurement.
- a mixed solution was prepared by dissolving 5 g of the obtained hydroxypropylated polyrotaxane in 15 g of ⁇ -caprolactone at 80°C. This mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 1 hour while blowing dry nitrogen, then 0.16 g of a 50 wt % xylene solution of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate was added, and the mixture was stirred at 130° C. for 6 hours. After that, xylene was added to obtain an A-2 xylene solution with a non-volatile concentration of about 35% by mass.
- A-2 was obtained by dropping the A-2 xylene solution prepared above into hexane, collecting it, and drying it.
- ⁇ Pre-2 A urethane prepolymer having an iso(thio)cyanate equivalent weight of 460 and iso(thio)cyanate groups at both ends of the molecule (method for producing Pre-2)
- a urethane prepolymer having an iso(thio)cyanate equivalent weight of 460 and iso(thio)cyanate groups at both ends of the molecule (method for producing Pre-2)
- 1000 g of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and 1100 g of polypropylene glycol (number average molecular weight: 500) were reacted at 80° C. for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Diethylene glycol: 120 g was added and reacted at 80° C. for 5 hours to obtain a terminal isocyanate urethane prepolymer (Pre-2) having an iso(thio)cyanate equivalent of 460.
- PCD5 Duranol manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation (polycarbonate diol made from 1,5-pentanediol and hexanediol, number average molecular weight 500).
- PCD10 Duranol manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation (polycarbonate diol made from 1,5-pentanediol and hexanediol, number average molecular weight 1000).
- PCD20 Duranol manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation (polycarbonate diol made from 1,5-pentanediol and hexanediol, number average molecular weight 2000).
- PTG2.5 Polyoxytetramethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 250
- PTG6.5 Polyoxytetramethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 650
- PTG10 Polyoxytetramethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 1000
- PTG20 Number average molecular weight of 2000
- PEG10 polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 1000
- PPG10 polypropylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 1000 P530: manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ DEG diethylene glycol
- ⁇ MPD 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol
- ⁇ C1 1,6-dihydroxyhexane
- ⁇ C2 1,10-dihydroxydecane
- ⁇ C3 cyclohexanedimethanol
- C4 tricyclo[5,2, 1,0 2,6 ]decane-dimethanol
- C5 Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether
- the prepared components (a) and (b) were mixed and stirred at 2,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 25°C using a high-speed shearing disperser to prepare an O/W emulsion.
- a microballoon dispersion was obtained in which the resin film was made of melamine resin.
- the resulting microballoon dispersion was filtered to remove the microballoons, which were vacuum-dried at 60° C. for 24 hours to obtain fine hollow particles. After that, aggregates were removed by a sieve with an opening of 75 ⁇ m to obtain E2.
- Example applied to a polishing pad> ⁇ Example 1> 12 parts by mass of A-1 as component (A), 11 parts by mass of PCD as component (C) and 6 parts by mass of MOCA as component (D) were mixed at 120° C. to form a homogeneous solution, and then sufficiently It was degassed to prepare a liquid A.
- B liquid was prepared. Liquid A was added to liquid B prepared above and uniformly mixed to obtain a curable composition.
- the curable composition was injected into the mold, it was defoamed under a reduced pressure of 5 kPa for 2 minutes, and then cured at 100° C. for 15 hours. After curing, it was removed from the mold to obtain a cured body. Table 1 shows the amount of each compound.
- the obtained hardened body was sliced to prepare hardened bodies having a thickness of 2 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.
- the resulting cured product had a density of 0.85 g/cm 3 , a Shore D hardness of 23D, an abrasion resistance of 30 mg, a hysteresis loss of 44%, and an external appearance evaluation of the foamed cured product of 1.
- a spiral groove was formed on the surface of the 1 mm-thick hardened body obtained by slicing, and a double-sided tape was attached to the back surface to obtain a polishing pad made of the hardened body with a size of 500 mm ⁇ and a thickness of 1 mm. .
- the polishing rate of the polishing pad made of the cured product obtained above was 3.0 ⁇ m/hr, and the number of scratches was 1. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- Examples 2 to 42, Comparative Examples 1 to 4> A cured body and a polishing pad were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the composition shown in Table 1 was used. The results are listed in Table 1.
- the curable composition of each example had good handleability.
- the curable composition of Comparative Example 4 had poor handleability.
Abstract
Description
(A)末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有する側鎖含有環状分子(以下、「(A)成分」、または「環状多官能モノマー」ともいう)と、(B)分子の両末端にイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマー(以下、「(B)成分」、または「ウレタンプレポリマー」ともいう)と、(C)ジオール(以下、「(C)成分」ともいう)と、(D)アミノ基含有モノマー(以下、「(D)成分」ともいう)とを含む硬化性組成物であり、
第二の本発明は、第一の本発明である硬化性組成物を硬化して得られる研磨用パッドである。
[1](A)末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有する側鎖含有環状分子と、(B)分子の両末端にイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマーと、(C)ジオールと、(D)アミノ基含有モノマーと、を含む硬化性組成物。
[2]前記(A)末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有する側鎖含有環状分子において、前記末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖の分子量が数平均分子量で300以上である上記[1]に記載の硬化性組成物。
[3]前記(A)末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有する側鎖含有環状分子において、前記環状分子がシクロデキストリンである上記[1]または[2]に記載の硬化性組成物。
[4]前記(A)末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有する側鎖含有環状分子において、前記活性水素を持つ基が水酸基である上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
[5]前記(C)ジオールの分子量が100~2000である上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
[6]前記(B)分子の両末端にイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマーのイソ(チオ)シアネート当量が、300~1000である上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
[7]前記(C)ジオールの配合量が、前記(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分、(D)成分の合計100質量部に対して、2~50質量部である上記[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
[8]さらに、(E)微小中空粒子を含む上記[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
[9]前記(E)微小中空粒子がウレタン系樹脂、またはメラミン系樹脂からなる微小中空粒子である上記[8]に記載の硬化性組成物。
[10]上記[1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物を硬化して得られる硬化体。
[11]上記[10]に記載の硬化体からなる研磨用パッド。
(A)成分において用いられる環状分子としては、末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有することができる環状分子であれば特に制限されない。たとえば、このような環状分子としては、シクロデキストリン、クラウンエーテル、ベンゾクラウン、ジベンゾクラウン、ジシクロヘキサノクラウン、シクロビス(パラクアット-1,4-フェニレン)、ジメトキシピラーアレーン、カリックスレゾルシンアレーン、カリックスアレーン、及びフェナントロリンを挙げることができ、中でもシクロデキストリンが好ましい。
該カリックスレゾルシンアレーンは、レゾルシノールと様々なアルデヒドを環状縮合反応させることで得られる環状分子である。前記レゾルシノールとしては、レゾルシノールだけに限定されず、たとえば2-ニトロレゾルシノール等のレゾルシノール誘導体をもちいてもよい。前記アルデヒドとしては、公知のアルデヒドが何ら制限なく使用でき、例えば、n-ブタナール、イソブタナール、ヘプタナール等の脂肪族アルデヒド、ベンズアルデヒド、バニリン、4-ニトロベンズアルデヒド等の芳香族アルデヒドが挙げられ、これらを2種以上混合して用いてもよい。中でもヘプタナール、ベンズアルデヒド、バニリンが好適に用いられる。また、本発明において、前記カリックスレゾルシンアレーンは、4量体であることが好ましいが、これに限定されるものではない。
エチレンオキシド、1,2-プロピレンオキシド、エピクロロヒドリン、エピブロモヒドリン、1,2-ブチレンオキシド、2,3-ブチレンオキシド、イソブチレンオキシド、オキセタン、3-メチルオキセタン、3,3-ジメチルオキセタン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、3-メチルテトラヒドロフラン等
4員環ラクトン;β-プロピオラクトン、β-メチルプロピオラクトン、L-セリン-β-ラクトン等
5員環ラクトン;γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-ヘキサノラクトン、γ-ヘプタノラクトン、γ-オクタノラクトン、γ-デカノラクトン、γ-ドデカノラクトン、α-ヘキシル-γ-ブチロラクトン、α-ヘプチル-γ-ブチロラクトン、α-ヒドロキシ-γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-メチル-γ-デカノラクトン、α-メチレン-γ-ブチロラクトン、α,α-ジメチル-γ-ブチロラクトン、D-エリスロノラクトン、α-メチル-γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-ノナノラクトン、DL-パントラクトン、γ-フェニル-γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-ウンデカノラクトン、γ-バレロラクトン、2,2-ペンタメチレン-1,3-ジオキソラン-4-オン、α-ブロモ-γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-クロトノラクトン、α-メチレン-γ-ブチロラクトン、α-メタクリロイルオキシ-γ-ブチロラクトン、β-メタクリロイルオキシ-γ-ブチロラクトン等
6員環ラクトン;δ-バレロラクトン、δ-ヘキサノラクトン、δ-オクタノラクトン、δ-ノナノラクトン、δ-デカノラクトン、δ-ウンデカノラクトン、δ-ドデカノラクトン、δ-トリデカノラクトン、δ-テトラデカノラクトン、DL-メバロノラクトン、4-ヒドロキシ-1-シクロヘキサンカルボン酸δ-ラクトン、モノメチル-δ-バレロラクトン、モノエチル-δ-バレロラクトン、モノヘキシル-δ-バレロラクトン、1,4-ジオキサン-2-オン、1,5-ジオキセパン-2-オン等
7員環ラクトン;ε-カプロラクトン、モノメチル-ε-カプロラクトン、モノエチル-ε-カプロラクトン、モノヘキシル-ε-カプロラクトン、ジメチル-ε-カプロラクトン、ジ-n-プロピル-ε-カプロラクトン、ジ-n-ヘキシル-ε-カプロラクトン、トリメチル-ε-カプロラクトン、トリエチル-ε-カプロラクトン、トリ-n-ε-カプロラクトン、ε-カプロラクトン、5-ノニル-オキセパン-2-オン、4,4,6-トリメチル-オキセパン-2-オン、4,6,6-トリメチル-オキセパン-2-オン、5-ヒドロキシメチル-オキセパン-2-オン等
8員環ラクトン;ζ-エナントラクトン等
その他のラクトン;ラクトン、ラクチド、ジラクチド、テトラメチルグリコシド、1,5-ジオキセパン-2-オン、t-ブチルカプロラクトン等
4員環ラクタム;4-ベンゾイルオキシ-2-アゼチジノン等
5員環ラクタム;γ-ブチロラクタム、2-アザビシクロ(2,2,1)ヘプタ-5-エン-3-オン、5-メチル-2-ピロリドン等
6員環ラクタム;2-ピペリドン-3-カルボン酸エチル等
7員環ラクタム;ε-カプロラクタム、DL-α-アミノ-ε-カプロラクタム等
8員環ラクタム;ω-ヘプタラクタム等
エチレンカーボネート、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸1,2-ブチレングリセロール1,2-カルボナート、4-(メトキシメチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、(クロロメチル)エチレンカーボネート、炭酸ビニレン、4,5-ジメチル-1,3-ジオキソール-2-オン、4-クロロメチル-5-メチル-1,3-ジオキソール-2-オン、4-ビニル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフェニル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,4-ジメチル-5-メチレン-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、1,3-ジオキサン-2-オン、5-メチル-5-プロピル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジエチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン
上記の環状化合物は、単独で使用することも、2種以上を併用して使用することもできる。
本発明において、(B)成分は、(B2)ジオールと、(B1)分子内に2つのイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有する2官能イソ(チオ)シアネート基含有化合物(以下、「(B1)成分」、または「2官能イソ(チオ)シアネート基含有化合物」ともいう)と、を反応させて得られる、分子の両末端にイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマーである。
なお、本発明においてイソ(チオ)シアネート基とは、イソシアネート基、又はイソチオシアネート基を指す。そのため、分子内に2つのイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有するとは、2つのイソシアネート基を有する場合、2つのイソチオシアネート基を有する場合、又は1つのイソシアネート基と1つのイソチオシアネート基とを有する場合のいずれも指す。また、分子の両末端にイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有するとは、分子の両末端にイソシアネート基を有する場合、分子の両末端にイソチオシアネート基を有する場合、分子の一方の末端にイソシアネート基を有し、他方の末端にイソチオシアネート基を有する場合のいずれも指す。
本発明に使用される(C)成分は、一分子中に水酸基を2個有している化合物であれば制限なく使用でき、単独または2種以上を併用してもよい。
エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、1,5-ジヒドロキシペンタン、1,6-ジヒドロキシヘキサン、1,7-ジヒドロキシヘプタン、1,8-ジヒドロキシオクタン、1,9-ジヒドロキシノナン、1,10-ジヒドロキシデカン、1,11-ジヒドロキシウンデカン、1,12-ジヒドロキシドデカン、ネオペンチルグリコール、モノオレイン酸グリセリル、モノエライジン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール、3-メチル-1,5-ジヒドロキシペンタン、ジヒドロキシネオペンチル、1,6-ジヒドロキシヘキサン、2-エチル-1,2-ジヒドロキシヘキサン、2-メチル-1,3-ジヒドロキシプロパン、1,10-ジヒドロキシデカン等のジオール
水添ビスフェノールA、シクロブタンジオール、シクロペンタンジオール、シクロヘキサンジオール、シクロヘプタンジオール、シクロオクタンジオール、シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ヒドロキシプロピルシクロヘキサノール、トリシクロ〔5,2,1,02,6〕デカン-ジメタノール、ビシクロ〔4,3,0〕-ノナンジオール、ジシクロヘキサンジオール、トリシクロ〔5,3,1,13,9〕ドデカンジオール、ビシクロ〔4,3,0〕ノナンジメタノール、トリシクロ〔5,3,1,13,9〕ドデカン-ジエタノール、ヒドロキシプロピルトリシクロ〔5,3,1,13,9〕ドデカノール、スピロ〔3,4〕オクタンジオール、ブチルシクロヘキサンジオール、1,1’-ビシクロヘキシリデンジオール、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、1,3-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、1,2-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、及びo-ジヒドロキシキシリレン等のジオール
ジヒドロキシナフタレン、ジヒドロキシベンゼン、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、キシリレングリコール、テトラブロムビスフェノールA、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、1,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フェニルメタン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-ナフチルメタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-フェニルエタン、2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-2-(3-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ブタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ブタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-3-メチルブタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ペンタン、3,3-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ペンタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)オクタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-4-メチルペンタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘプタン、4,4-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘプタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)トリデカン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)オクタン、2,2-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-エチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-n-プロピル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-イソプロピル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-sec-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-シクロヘキシル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-アリル-4'-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-メトキシ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,5-ジメチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(2,3,5,6-テトラメチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シアノメタン、1-シアノ-3,3-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ブタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロペンタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘプタン、1,1-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン、1,1-ビス(3,5-ジメチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン、1,1-ビス(3,5-ジクロロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン、1,1-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-4-メチルシクロヘキサン、1,1-ビス (4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-3,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキサン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ノルボルナン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)アダマンタン、4,4'- ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、4,4'- ジヒドロキシ-3,3'-ジメチルジフェニルエーテル、エチレングリコールビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エーテル、4,4'- ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフィド、3,3'-ジメチル-4,4'-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフィド、3,3'-ジシクロヘキシル-4,4'-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフィド、3,3'-ジフェニル-4,4'-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフィド、4,4'-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルホキシド、3,3'-ジメチル-4,4'-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルホキシド、4,4'-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルホン、4,4'-ジヒドロキシ-3,3'-ジメチルジフェニルスルホン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ケトン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)ケトン、7,7'-ジヒドロキシ-3,3',4,4'-テトラヒドロ-4,4,4',4'-テトラメチル-2,2'-スピロビ(2H-1-ベンゾピラン)、トランス-2,3-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-2-ブテン、9,9-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン、3,3-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-2-ブタノン、1,6-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,6-ヘキサンジオン、4,4'-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、m-ジヒドロキシキシリレン、p-ジヒドロキシキシリレン、1,4-ビス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(3-ヒドロキシプロピル)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(4-ヒドロキシブチル)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(5-ヒドロキシペンチル)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(6-ヒドロキシヘキシル)ベンゼン、2,2-ビス〔4-(2”-ヒドロキシエチルオキシ)フェニル〕プロパン、4,4’-イソプロピリデンビス(2-フェノキシエタノール)、テトラブロモビスフェノールAビス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)エーテル、及びハイドロキノン、レゾールシン等のジオール
ポリオールと多塩基酸との縮合反応により得られる化合物であり、分子中に水酸基を2個有するものが挙げられる。中でも、数平均分子量が300~2000であることが好ましく、400~1500が最も好ましい。ここで、前記ポリオールとしては、エチレングリコール、1,2-プロパンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、3-メチル-1,5-ペンタンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、3,3’-ジメチロールヘプタン、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ネオペンチルグリコール、3,3-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ヘプタン、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、グリセリン、などが挙げられ、これらは単独で使用しても、2種類以上を混合して使用しても構わない。また、前記多塩基酸としては、コハク酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカンジカルボン酸、シクロペンタンジカルボン酸、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、オルトフタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、ナフタレンジカルボン酸などが挙げられ、これらは単独で使用しても、2種類以上を混合して使用しても構わない。
アルキレンオキシドの開環重合、または、分子中に活性水素含有基を2個以上有する化合物とアルキレンオキサイドとの反応により得られる化合物およびその変性体であり、分子中に水酸基を2個有するものが挙げられる。中でも、数平均分子量が200~2000であることが好ましく、200~1500が最も好ましい。
ε-カプロラクトンの開環重合により得られる化合物であり、分子中に水酸基を2個有するものが挙げられる。中でも、数平均分子量が300~2000であることが好ましく、400~1500が最も好ましい。
低分子ポリオールの1種類以上をホスゲン化して得られる化合物あるいはエチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジフェニルカーボネート等を用いてエステル交換して得られる化合物であり、分子中に水酸基を2個有するものが挙げられる。中でも、数平均分子量が300~2000であることが好ましく、400~1500が最も好ましい。
(メタ)アクリレート酸エステルやビニルモノマーを重合させて得られるポリオール化合物であり、分子中に水酸基を2個有するものが挙げられる。
ヒマシ油系ポリオールとしては、天然油脂であるひまし油を出発原料としているポリオール化合物が挙げられ、分子の両末端にのみ(分子内に2つの)水酸基を有するものが挙げられる。
これらヒマシ油ポリオールは、試薬としてまたは工業的に入手可能であり、市販されているものを例示すれば、伊藤製油株式会社製「URIC(登録商標)」シリーズなどを挙げることができる。
なお、(C)成分及び上記した(B2)ジオールの数平均分子量は、低分子量化合物などの分子量に分布がない化合物の場合はその化学構造から求められる分子量とし、高分子化合物などの分子量に分布がある化合物の場合はゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される標準ポリスチレン換算値とする。
また、本発明において、特に好適に使用できる(C)成分としては、脂肪族ジオール、または脂肪族のみからなるポリエステルポリオール、ポリエーテルポリオール、ポリカプロラクトンポリオール、ポリカーボネートポリオール、ポリアクリルポリオール、ヒマシ油系ポリオールから選ばれることが好ましく、より好ましいのは脂肪族ジオール、ポリカーボネートポリオールであり、さらに好ましいのは脂肪族ジオールであり、最も好ましいのはポリオキシテトラメチレングリコールである。
本発明の硬化性組成物に含有される(D)成分は、一分子中に1級および/または2級のアミノ基を2個以上有している化合物であれば制限なく使用でき、単独または2種以上を併用してもよい。中でも、(D)成分は、一分子中に1級のアミノ基を少なくとも有することが好ましく、1分子中に1級のアミノ基を2個以上有することがより好ましい。
エチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、ノナメチレンジアミン、ウンデカンメチレンジアミン、ドデカメチレンジアミン、メタキシレンジアミン、1,3-プロパンジアミン、プトレシン等の2官能アミン
ジエチレントリアミン等のポリアミン等の多官能アミン。
イソホロンジアミン、シクロヘキシルジアミン等の2官能アミン
4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)(MOCA)、2,6-ジクロロ-p-フェニレンジアミン、4,4’-メチレンビス(2,3-ジクロロアニリン)、4,4’-メチレンビス(2-エチル-6-メチルアニリン)、3,5-ビス(メチルチオ)-2,4-トルエンジアミン、3,5-ビス(メチルチオ)-2,6-トルエンジアミン、3,5-ジエチルトルエン-2,4-ジアミン、3,5-ジエチルトルエン-2,6-ジアミン、トリメチレングリコール-ジ-p-アミノベンゾエート、ポリテトラメチレングリコール-ジ-p-アミノベンゾエート、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’,5,5’-テトラエチルジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジイソプロピル-5,5’-ジメチルジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’,5,5’-テトライソプロピルジフェニルメタン、1,2-ビス(2-アミノフェニルチオ)エタン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジエチル-5,5’-ジメチルジフェニルメタン、N,N’-ジ-sec-ブチル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,3’-ジエチル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、m-キシリレンジアミン、N,N’-ジ-sec-ブチル-p-フェニレンジアミン、m-フェニレンジアミン、p-キシリレンジアミン、p-フェニレンジアミン、3,3’-メチレンビス(メチル-6-アミノベンゾエート)、2,4-ジアミノ-4-クロロ安息香酸-2-メチルプロピル、2,4-ジアミノ-4-クロロ安息香酸-イソプロピル、2,4-ジアミノ-4-クロロフェニル酢酸-イソプロピル、テレフタル酸-ジ-(2-アミノフェニル)チオエチル、ジフェニルメタンジアミン、トリレンジアミン、ピペラジン等の2官能アミン
1,3,5-ベンゼントリアミン、メラミン等の多官能アミン。
本発明の硬化性組成物において、その硬化を速やかに促進させるためにウレタンあるいはウレア用反応触媒を使用することもできる。これらのウレタンあるいはウレア用反応触媒は公知のものが何ら制限なく使用できるが、具体例としては、国際公開第2015/068798号に記載されているものを用いることができる。
以下、微小中空粒子について説明する。
本発明の硬化性組成物に含有される(E)微小中空粒子(以下、「(E)成分」ともいう)は、公知のものが何ら制限なく使用できる。具体例を示せば、塩化ビニリデン樹脂、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂、アクリロニトリル-塩化ビニリデン共重合体、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂等が外殻を形成する粒子を使用できる。中でも、前記(E)成分は、ウレタン系樹脂、またはメラミン系樹脂からなることが好ましく、より詳細には、ウレタン系樹脂またはメラミン系樹脂からなる外殻部と、該外殻部に囲まれた中空部とから構成される微小中空粒子であることが好ましい。本発明において、該ウレタン系樹脂とは、ウレタン結合、および/またはウレア結合を有する樹脂である。メラミン系樹脂とはメラミンとホルムアルデヒドを重縮合により作製される樹脂である。これらの微小中空粒子を使用した場合には、効率よく、容易に、均一な発泡体を製造できる。さらに、この微小中空粒子を使用した場合には、スクラッチ等の欠陥が出にくくなり、さらにヒステリシスロスも低減される。
(分子量測定;ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC測定))
GPCの測定は、装置として液体クロマトグラフ装置(日本ウォーターズ社製)を用いた。カラムは分析するサンプルの分子量に応じて、昭和電工株式会社製Shodex GPC KF-802(排除限界分子量:5000)、KF802.5(排除限界分子量:20000)を適宜使用した。また、展開液としてジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)を用い、流速1ml/min、温度40℃の条件にて測定した。標準試料にポリエチレンオキサイドを用い、比較換算により重量平均分子量を求めた。なお、検出器には示差屈折率計を用いた。
粘度測定は、ブルックフィールド式回転粘度計(英弘精機株式会社製BROOKFIELD RST-CPS Rheometer)を用い、60℃でせん断応力100(Pa)の条件下で測定した。
ICP発光の測定は、溶媒をメチルイソブチルケトンとイソプロピルアルコールの混合液にサンプルを1000ppmで溶解させ、ICP発光分光分析装置(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック株式会社製i CAP 6500 DUO)を用い、抽出液に含まれる金属量を算出した。
(1)密度:東洋精機製の(DSG-1)にて密度(g/cm3)を測定した。
作製した研磨用パッド(500mmφ)10枚の表面外観(片面)の評価で200μmを超えるボイドなどの外観不良の個数の合計
1:2個未満
2:2個以上5個未満
3:5個以上10個未満
4:10個以上
CMP研磨パッド:表面に同心円状の溝を形成した、大きさ500mmφ、厚さ1mmのパッド
スラリー:FUJIMI コンポール 80原液
圧力:4psi
回転数:45rpm
時間:1時間
1:レーザー顕微鏡で測定し、10枚のウエハ全てに欠陥がないもの
2:レーザー顕微鏡で測定し、10枚のウエハ中、1枚にスクラッチがあるもの
3:レーザー顕微鏡で測定し、10枚のウエハ中、2枚以上にスクラッチがあるもの
評価は以下の基準で実施した。
1:レーザー顕微鏡でウェハのエッジ部位を測定し、縁ダレが30μm以内のもの
2:レーザー顕微鏡でウェハのエッジ部位を測定し、縁ダレが60μm以内のもの
3:レーザー顕微鏡でウェハのエッジ部位を測定し、縁ダレが90μmを超えるもの
4:レーザー顕微鏡でウェハのエッジ部位を測定し、縁ダレが120μmを超えるもの
5:レーザー顕微鏡でウェハのエッジ部位を測定し、縁ダレが150μmを超えるもの
<(A)成分>
・A-1:環状分子にβ-シクロデキストリンを用い、末端に水酸基を有する側鎖を9個有する環状多官能モノマー
(A-1の物性)
重量平均分子量Mw(GPC):4800
分散度(GPC):1.05
側鎖の修飾度:0.43(%で表示すると43%となる)
側鎖末端の活性水素を持つ基:水酸基
環状分子が含有する側鎖の数:9個
側鎖の分子量:数平均分子量で約560
粘度:3,800mPa・s
残存スズ量:300ppm
(A-1の製造方法)
ヒドロキシプロピル化β-シクロデキストリン(株式会社シクロケム社製):10gとε-カプロラクトン:32.0gを、乾燥窒素をフローしながら130℃に加温しながら攪拌し均一溶液にした後、20kPaの減圧下で5時間かけて脱水を実施し、反応系中の水分量が80ppmであることを確認した。その後、2-エチルヘキサン酸錫(II):0.04gを加え16時間反応させ目的物であるA-1を取得した。A-1の物性は上述した通りであった。側鎖の数や分子量は1H-NMR測定装置(日本電子製JNM-LA500)により算出した。
(A-2の物性)
重量平均分子量Mw(GPC):120,000
分散度(GPC):1.23
側鎖の修飾度:0.5(%で表示すると50%となる)
側鎖末端の活性水素を持つ基:水酸基
環状分子が含有する側鎖の数:9個
側鎖の分子量:数平均分子量で約350
粘度:71,000mPa・s
残存スズ量:800ppm
(A-2の製造方法)
軸分子として、分子量10,000の直鎖状ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)を用い、PEG:10g、TEMPO(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-1-ピペリジニルオキシラジカル):100mg、臭化ナトリウム:1gを水:100mLに溶解させた。この溶液に、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液(有効塩素濃度5%):5mLを添加し、室温で10分間撹拌した。その後、エタノール:5mL添加して反応を終了させた。そして、塩化メチレン:50mLを用いて抽出を行った後、塩化メチレンを留去し、エタノール:250mLに溶解させてから、-4℃の温度で12時間かけて再沈させ、PEG-COOHを回収し、乾燥した。
・Pre-1:イソ(チオ)シアネート当量が540の分子の両末端にイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマー
(Pre-1の製造方法)
窒素導入管、温度計、攪拌機を備えたフラスコに窒素雰囲気下中、2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート:400gとポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール(数平均分子量;1000):1000gを、80℃で6時間反応させ、イソ(チオ)シアネート当量が540の末端イソシアネートウレタンプレポリマー(Pre-1)を得た。
(Pre-2の製造方法)
窒素導入管、温度計、攪拌機を備えたフラスコに窒素雰囲気下中、2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート:1000gとポリプロピレングリコール(数平均分子量;500):1100gを80℃で4時間反応させた後、ジエチレングリコール:120gを添加し、80℃で5時間反応させ、イソ(チオ)シアネート当量が460の末端イソシアネートウレタンプレポリマー(Pre-2)を得た。
・PCD5:旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社製デュラノール(1,5-ペンタンジオールとヘキサンジオールを原料とするポリカーボネートジオール、数平均分子量500)。
・PCD10:旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社製デュラノール(1,5-ペンタンジオールとヘキサンジオールを原料とするポリカーボネートジオール、数平均分子量1000)。
・PCD20:旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社製デュラノール(1,5-ペンタンジオールとヘキサンジオールを原料とするポリカーボネートジオール、数平均分子量2000)。
・PTG2.5:数平均分子量250のポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール
・PTG6.5:数平均分子量650のポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール
・PTG10:数平均分子量1000のポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール
・PTG20:数平均分子量2000のポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール
・PEG10:数平均分子量1000のポリエチレングリコール
・PPG10:数平均分子量1000のポリプロピレングリコール
・P530:株式会社クラレ製(3-メチル-1,5-ペンタンジオールとイソフタル酸を原料とするポリエステルジオール、数平均分子量500)
・DEG:ジエチレングリコール
・MPD:3-メチル-1,5-ペンタンジオール
・C1:1,6-ジヒドロキシヘキサン
・C2:1,10-ジヒドロキシデカン
・C3:シクロヘキサンジメタノール
・C4:トリシクロ〔5,2,1,02,6〕デカン-ジメタノール
・C5:テトラブロモビスフェノールAビス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)エーテル
・MOCA:4,4’-メチレンビス(o-クロロアニリン)
・E1:中空の粒径40μm、嵩密度0.02g/cm3のマイクロカプセル920-40(日本フィライト社製)
・E2:中空の粒径30μm、嵩密度0.13g/cm3のメラミン樹脂マイクロバルーン
(E2の製造方法)
トルエン:100質量部のみで(a)成分を調製した。次に、水:200質量部にポリエチレン-無水マレイン酸:10質量部混合し、この混合液を10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpH4に調製し(b)成分を調製した。次に、調製した(a)成分と(b)成分を混合し、高速せん断式分散機を用いて2,000rpm×10分、25℃の条件で攪拌し、O/Wエマルションを調製した。調製したO/Wエマルションに、メラミンホルムアルデヒドプレポリマー化合物(ニカレジンS-260):9質量部加え、65℃で24時間攪拌した後、30℃に冷却後、アンモニア水でpH7.5になるまで添加し、樹脂膜がメラミン樹脂からなるマイクロバルーン分散液を得た。得られたマイクロバルーン分散液を濾過によりマイクロバルーンを取り出し、温度60℃で真空乾燥24時間することで、微小中空粒子を得た。その後、目開き75μmの篩により凝集物を取り除き、E2を得た。
<実施例1>
(A)成分であるA-1:12質量部と(C)成分のPCD5:11質量部と(D)成分のMOCA:6質量部を120℃で混合して均一溶液にした後、十分に脱気し、A液を調製した。別途、70℃に加温した上記で製造した(B)成分のPre-1:71質量部に(E)成分のE1:0.8質量部を加え、自転公転攪拌機で攪拌して均一な溶液のB液を調整した。前記で調合したB液に、A液を加え、均一混合し、硬化性組成物とした。前記硬化性組成物を金型へ注入後、5kPaの減圧下で2分間脱泡した後、100℃で15時間硬化させた。硬化終了後、鋳型から取り外し、硬化体を得た。各配合量を表1に示した。
表1に示した組成を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様な方法で硬化体、及び、研磨用パッドを作製し、評価を行なった。結果を表1に記載する。
これに対して、本発明の要件を満足しない比較例1~3の硬化性組成物からなる研磨用パッドは、耐摩耗性と研磨レートが実施例に比べて劣っていた。また、比較例4の硬化性組成物は、ハンドリング性が悪かった。
Claims (11)
- (A)末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有する側鎖含有環状分子と、(B)分子の両末端にイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマーと、(C)ジオールと、(D)アミノ基含有モノマーと、を含む硬化性組成物。
- 前記(A)末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有する側鎖含有環状分子において、前記末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖の分子量が数平均分子量で300以上である請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記(A)末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有する側鎖含有環状分子において、前記環状分子がシクロデキストリンである請求項1または請求項2に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記(A)末端に活性水素を持つ基を有する側鎖を3個以上含有する側鎖含有環状分子において、前記活性水素を持つ基が水酸基である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記(C)ジオールの数平均分子量が100~2000である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記(B)分子の両末端にイソ(チオ)シアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマーのイソ(チオ)シアネート当量が、300~1000である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記(C)ジオールの配合量が、前記(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分、及び(D)成分の合計100質量部に対して、2~50質量部である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- さらに、(E)微小中空粒子を含む請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記(E)微小中空粒子がウレタン系樹脂、またはメラミン系樹脂からなる微小中空粒子である請求項8に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の硬化性組成物を硬化して得られる硬化体。
- 請求項10に記載の硬化体からなる研磨用パッド。
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