WO2022163725A1 - 触媒及びそれを用いた不飽和カルボン酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
触媒及びそれを用いた不飽和カルボン酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022163725A1 WO2022163725A1 PCT/JP2022/002958 JP2022002958W WO2022163725A1 WO 2022163725 A1 WO2022163725 A1 WO 2022163725A1 JP 2022002958 W JP2022002958 W JP 2022002958W WO 2022163725 A1 WO2022163725 A1 WO 2022163725A1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 18
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- STNJBCKSHOAVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrolein Chemical compound CC(=C)C=O STNJBCKSHOAVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical compound O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229940000488 arsenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/195—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with vanadium, niobium or tantalum
- B01J27/198—Vanadium
- B01J27/199—Vanadium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B61/00—Other general methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C51/23—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups
- C07C51/235—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups of —CHO groups or primary alcohol groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
- C07C57/03—Monocarboxylic acids
- C07C57/04—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst for obtaining an unsaturated carboxylic acid through an oxidation reaction, and to a catalyst that can obtain the desired product with higher selectivity than conventional catalysts.
- catalysts have been proposed as catalysts used to produce unsaturated carboxylic acids.
- unsaturated carboxylic acids catalysts for producing methacrylic acid contain molybdenum and phosphorus as main components and have a heteropolyacid and/or salt structure.
- methods for producing these catalysts have been made for many proposals.
- Patent Document 1 a catalyst precursor of a partially neutralized salt of a heteropolyacid is heat-treated at least twice under gas flow at a temperature of 350° C. to 500° C. for 1 hour to 30 hours, and the catalyst precursor is removed between each heat treatment.
- a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid has been proposed that is cooled to 250° C. once and that the temperature difference between heat treatments is within 30° C.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method for producing a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid, wherein the catalyst raw material is divided into at least two, and the mixing tank and the mixing tank are different.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes the acid amount and reaction results of heteropolyacid catalysts.
- Patent Document 1 involves a two-stage calcination process, which is not economical, and there are concerns about a stable catalyst production method.
- Patent Document 2 since the preparation tank and the mixing tank are separated into two, there are concerns about working efficiency and a stable catalyst production method.
- Patent Document 3 calls for further improvement in the yield of methacrylic acid.
- Non-Patent Document 1 does not clarify the optimum acid amount of the heteropolyacid catalyst.
- the catalysts obtained as in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are still unsatisfactory in reaction results, and further improvements have been desired when used as industrial catalysts.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst that can stably produce an unsaturated carboxylic acid with excellent selectivity.
- the present inventors have found that molybdenum, copper and vanadium are essential components, and the acid amount (M) of the catalyst by the ammonia temperature programmed desorption method is 1.35 mmol / g or more and 2.00 mmol. /g or less has a high selectivity for unsaturated carboxylic acids, which led to the completion of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to the following 1) to 12).
- Molybdenum, copper and vanadium are contained as essential components, and the peak acid amount (M) appearing in the range of 250° C. or higher and 420° C. or lower by the ammonia temperature programmed desorption method is 1.35 mmol/g or more and 2.00 mmol/g or less.
- catalyst 2) The catalyst according to 1) above, wherein the acid amount (M) is 1.40 mmol/g or more and 1.90 mmol/g or less.
- X represents Ag, Mg, Zn, Al, B, Ge, Sn, Pb, represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Sb, Cr, Re, Bi, W, Fe, Co, Ni, Ce and Th
- Y is selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, Cs and Tl
- a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1 and g1 represent the atomic ratio of each element, a1 is 0.1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 6, b1 is 0 ⁇ b1 ⁇ 6, c1 is 0 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 3, d1 is 0 ⁇ d1 ⁇ 3, e1 is 0 ⁇ e1 ⁇ 3, f1 is 0 ⁇ f1 ⁇ 3, and g1 is a value determined by the valence and atomic ratio of other elements.)
- the present invention it is possible to provide a catalyst containing molybdenum, copper and vanadium as essential components and capable of obtaining the desired product with high selectivity. Therefore, in the gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction using it, the desired product can be obtained with higher selectivity and stability.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing measurement data in acid amount measurement of the catalyst of Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing measurement data in acid amount measurement of the catalyst of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing spectral data before unit conversion in acid amount measurement of the catalyst of Comparative Example 1.
- the catalyst of the present invention is a composite oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, copper and vanadium as essential components, and the peak acid amount (M) that appears in the range of 250 ° C. or higher and 420 ° C. or lower by the ammonia temperature programmed desorption method is 1. .35 mmol/g or more and 2.00 mmol/g or less.
- Peak acid amount (M) appearing in the range of 250 ° C. or higher and 420 ° C. or lower by the ammonia temperature programmed desorption method means "the range of 250 ° C. or higher and 420 ° C. or lower of the catalyst measured by the ammonia temperature programmed desorption method.
- the catalyst which has the said structure is described as a catalyst (A).
- the upper limit of the acid amount (M) of the catalyst by the ammonia temperature programmed desorption method is 2.00 mmol/g, and more preferably 1.95 mmol/g, 1.90 mmol/g, and 1.85 mmol. /g, 1.80 mmol/g, 1.75 mmol/g, and particularly preferably 1.70 mmol/g or less.
- the lower limit of the acid amount (M) is 1.35 mmol/g, and more preferably 1.40 mmol/g, 1.45 mmol/g, and 1.50 mmol/g in order of preference.
- the acid amount (M) of the catalyst (A) is most preferably 1.50 mmol/g or more and 1.70 mmol/g or less. With this amount of acid, side reactions other than the oxidation reaction to the target compound can be suppressed, and the unsaturated carboxylic acid compound, which is the final product, can be stably obtained with high selectivity and high yield.
- an example of the catalyst of the present invention is measured by an ammonia temperature programmed desorption spectrum (for example, "BELCAT-B", manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd., etc.), one peak (this The value of the acid amount is represented as the acid amount (L)), and one peak (this acid amount value is represented as the acid amount (M)) in the range of 250 ° C. or higher and 420 ° C. or lower. and had one peak in the range of 420° C. or higher and 550° C. or lower (this acid amount value is referred to as acid amount (H)).
- the apex of the peak in the range of 100° C. to 200° C.
- the term "acid amount” may mean the peak acid amount (M) present in the range of 250°C or higher and 420°C or lower.
- the catalyst of the present invention may have a plurality of, for example, two peak tops in the range of 250° C. to 420° C. In this case, the acid amount (M) is the sum of the acid amounts of the plurality of peaks. Become.
- the baseline correction method may be a method known to those skilled in the art using the peak start point and end point. For example, in FIG. 1, by connecting the 100° C. point, the lowest point between 200° C. and 300° C., the lowest point between 350° C. and 450° C., and the lowest point between 500° C. and 600° C. This is a method of applying correction using the straight line to be created as a baseline.
- Methods for adjusting the acid amount (M) of the catalyst include changing the composition, firing time, firing atmosphere, binder for molding the dried slurry, and the like. is effective, or the method of extending the firing time is effective. For example, even if the composition is the same, the acid content (M) can be lowered by about 0.1 to 0.6 mmol/g by increasing the firing temperature by 10°C to 40°C. Similarly, by shortening the baking time by about 1 to 3 hours, the acid amount (M) can be lowered by about 0.1 to 0.6 mmol/g.
- the acid amount (L) is preferably 0.05 mmol/g or more and 0.50 mmol/g or less, more preferably 0.06 mmol/g or more and 0.40 mmol/g or less, and particularly preferably 0.07 mmol/g. /g or more and 0.39 mmol/g or less, and most preferably 0.08 mmol/g or more and 0.38 mmol/g or less.
- the acid amount (H) is preferably 0.02 mmol/g or more and 0.15 mmol/g or less, more preferably 0.02 mmol/g or more and 0.10 mmol/g or less, and particularly preferably 0.03 mmol/g. /g or more and 0.10 mmol/g or less, and most preferably 0.03 mmol/g or more and 0.09 mmol/g or less.
- a preferred composition of the catalytically active components of the catalyst (A) is represented by the following general formula (1).
- Mo, V, P, Cu, As and O represent molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, copper, arsenic and oxygen respectively.
- X is Ag (silver), Mg (magnesium), Zn (zinc), Al (aluminum), B (boron), Ge (germanium), Sn (tin), Pb (lead), Ti (titanium), Zr (zirconium) ), Sb (antimony), Cr (chromium), Re (rhenium), Bi (bismuth), W (tungsten), Fe (iron), Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Ce (cerium) and Th (thorium ) represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of K (potassium), Rb (rubidium), Cs (cesium) and Tl (thallium).
- a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1 and g1 represent the atomic ratio of each element, a1 is 0.1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 6, b1 is 0 ⁇ b1 ⁇ 6, c1 is 0 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 3, d1 is 0 ⁇ d1 ⁇ 3, e1 is 0 ⁇ e1 ⁇ 3, f1 is 0 ⁇ f1 ⁇ 3, and g1 is a value determined by the valence and atomic ratio of other elements.
- the composition in the present invention means an active component, and as an inert carrier, silicon carbide, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, mullite, alundum, steatite, etc. can be used.
- X is preferably Zn, Ag, Fe or Sb, more preferably Ag, Fe or Sb, particularly preferably Fe or Sb, most preferably Sb. be.
- Y are K, Rb and Cs, more preferably K and Cs, and most preferably Cs.
- the effects of the invention tend to appear remarkably.
- the preferred range of a1 to g1 is as follows.
- the lower limits of a1 are, in order of preference, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.35, most preferably 0.4.
- the upper limits of a1 are, in order of preference, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0.8, 0.7 and 0.62, most preferably 0.6. That is, the most preferable range of a1 is 0.4 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 0.6.
- the lower limits of b1 are, in order of preference, 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0, most preferably 1.05.
- the upper limit of b1 is 5, 4, 3 and 2 in order of preference, most preferably 1.5. That is, the most preferable range of b1 is 1.05 ⁇ b1 ⁇ 1.5.
- the lower limits of c1 are, in order of preference, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3, most preferably 0.4.
- the upper limits of c1 are, in order of preference, 2, 1.5, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.8, most preferably 0.6. That is, the most preferable range of c1 is 0.4 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.6.
- the lower limits of d1 are, in order of preference, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4, most preferably 0.45.
- the upper limits of d1 are, in order of preference, 2, 1.5, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.8, most preferably 0.55. That is, the most preferable range of d1 is 0.45 ⁇ d1 ⁇ 0.55.
- the upper limits of e1 are, in order of preference, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.06, most preferably 0.065.
- the upper limits of f1 are, in order of preference, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5 and 0.1, most preferably 0.05.
- the catalyst composition when the relationship between a1 and c1 satisfies the above formula (I), the catalyst composition is particularly preferred as the catalyst (A).
- the upper limits of a1/c1 are 1.65, 1.6, 1.55, 1.5, 1.45, 1.4 and 1.35 in order of preference, and 1.3 is particularly preferred.
- the lower limit is 0.65, 0.7, 0.75 and 0.8 in order of preference, and 0.85 is particularly preferred. Therefore, the most preferable range of a1/c1 is 0.85 ⁇ a1/c1 ⁇ 1.3.
- the catalyst composition when the relationship among a1, c1 and d1 satisfies the above formula (II), the catalyst composition is particularly preferred as the catalyst (A).
- the upper limit of (a1-c1)/d1 is 0.38, 0.37, 0.35 and 0.34 in order of preference, and 0.33 is particularly preferred.
- the lower limit is -0.48, -0.46, -0.44, -0.42, -0.40, -0.38 in order of preference, and -0.36 is particularly preferred. Therefore, the most preferable range of (a1-c1)/d1 is -0.36 ⁇ (a1-c1)/d1 ⁇ 0.33.
- the method for producing the catalyst (A) includes (a) a step of dispersing a compound containing each or a plurality of the above metals in water to prepare an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion of these compounds (hereinafter both are referred to as a slurry liquid). , (b) a step of drying the slurry liquid obtained in step (a) to obtain a dried slurry, (c) a step of molding the dried slurry obtained in step (b), (d) step (c) ) includes a step of firing the coated molding obtained in ).
- Step (a) includes preparing compounds containing active ingredient elements and mixing the compounds with water.
- a compound containing essential active component elements and optional active component elements of the catalyst of the present invention is used.
- the compounds include chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, oxides, and acetates of active ingredient elements.
- nitrates such as cobalt nitrate, acetates such as copper acetate, molybdenum oxide, vanadium pentoxide, copper oxide, antimony trioxide, cerium oxide, oxides such as zinc oxide or germanium oxide
- acids or salts thereof
- Compounds containing these active ingredients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- step (a) a compound containing each active ingredient and water are uniformly mixed to obtain a slurry liquid.
- the amount of water used in the slurry liquid is not particularly limited as long as it can completely dissolve the entire amount of the compounds used or can be uniformly mixed.
- the amount of water to be used may be appropriately determined in consideration of the drying method and drying conditions in step (b). Generally, the amount of water is about 200 to 2000 parts per 100 parts of the total mass of the slurry preparation compounds. The amount of water may be large, but if it is too large, the energy cost of the drying process in the step (b) will increase, and there will be many disadvantages such as not being able to dry completely.
- the shape of the stirring blades of the stirrer used in the step (a) is not particularly limited. Arbitrary stirring blades can be used in one stage, or the same blade or different blades can be used in two or more stages in the vertical direction.
- a baffle baffle plate
- a baffle plate may be installed in the reaction vessel as required.
- step (b) the slurry liquid obtained in step (a) is completely dried.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include drum drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and evaporation to dryness. Among these, in the present invention, spray drying is preferred because it can dry the slurry into powder or granules in a short period of time.
- the drying temperature of the spray drying varies depending on the concentration of the slurry liquid, the liquid feeding speed, etc., but the temperature at the outlet of the dryer is generally 70 to 150°C.
- Step (c) is a step of firing the dried slurry obtained in step (b) (this step is not essential), a step of mixing the dried slurry with an additive, a dried slurry or a dried slurry and an additive. including the step of molding a mixture of In step (c), the dried slurry obtained in step (b) is molded. If the dried slurry is calcined at about 250° C. to 350° C. and then molded, the mechanical strength and catalytic performance may be improved, so the dried slurry may be calcined before molding. There are no particular restrictions on the molding method.
- the dried slurry may be molded into pillars, tablets, rings, spheres, etc., or the dried slurry may be coated on an inert carrier. You may Of these, it is preferable to coat an inert carrier with a slurry dried body to obtain a coated catalyst, since it can be expected to improve selectivity and remove reaction heat.
- This coating step is preferably the tumbling granulation method described below. In this method, for example, in an apparatus having a flat or uneven disk at the bottom of a fixed container, the disk is rotated at high speed to vigorously stir the carrier in the container by repeating rotation and revolution.
- the method of adding the binder is as follows: 1) pre-mixed with the coating mixture, 2) added at the same time as the coating mixture is added into the fixed container, and 3) added after the coating mixture is added into the fixed container. 4) adding the coating mixture before adding it into the fixed container; 5) dividing the coating mixture and the binder respectively; .
- the addition speed is adjusted using an auto feeder or the like so that a predetermined amount of the coating mixture is carried on the carrier without the coating mixture adhering to the walls of the stationary container or agglomeration of the coating mixture.
- the binder is preferably water/or at least one selected from the group consisting of organic compounds having a boiling point of 150° C. or less at 1 atm or less and/or an aqueous solution thereof.
- binders other than water include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanols and butanols, preferably alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, ethers such as ethyl ether, butyl ether and dioxane, and esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. , ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, and aqueous solutions thereof, with ethanol being particularly preferred.
- ethanol/water is preferably 10/0 to 0/10 (mass ratio), preferably 9/1 to 1/9 (mass ratio) when mixed with water.
- the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the coating mixture.
- the inert carrier in the coating include silicon carbide, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, mullite, alundum, steatite, etc., preferably silicon carbide, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, steatite, and more. Alumina, silica and silica-alumina are preferred.
- the diameter of the carrier includes spherical carriers having a diameter of 1 to 15 mm, preferably 2.5 to 10 mm.
- the component in the carrier is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more. These supports usually have a porosity of 10 to 70%.
- coating mixture/(coating mixture+carrier) 10 to 75 mass %, preferably 15 to 60 mass %.
- the proportion of the coating mixture is large, the reaction activity of the coated catalyst increases, but the mechanical strength tends to decrease. Conversely, when the ratio of the coating mixture is small, the mechanical strength is large, but the reaction activity tends to be small.
- silica gel, diatomaceous earth, alumina powder, etc. are mentioned as a shaping
- the amount of the molding aid to be used is usually 1 to 60 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the catalytically active component solid.
- inorganic fibers for example, ceramic fibers, whiskers, etc.
- inert to the catalytically active component and reaction gas are used as a strength improving agent, which is useful for improving the mechanical strength of the catalyst.
- the amount of these fibers to be used is usually 1 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the catalytically active component solid.
- the inert carrier in the present invention is a carrier that does not have activity on the raw material and the product, and includes, for example, a methacrolein conversion rate of 3.0% or less under generally known reaction conditions.
- step (d) the molded dry body or coated catalyst in step (b) obtained in step (c) is calcined.
- the dried body or coated catalyst can be directly used as a catalyst for the catalytic gas-phase oxidation reaction, but calcination is preferred because calcination stabilizes the structure and improves the catalytic performance.
- the calcination temperature is too high, the heteropolyacid may be decomposed and the catalytic performance may be lowered. Especially preferred is 290°C to 340°C. If the calcination time is too short, the structure of the heteropolyacid may become unstable and the catalyst performance may be lowered.
- a typical firing time is 1 to 20 hours.
- Firing is usually performed in an air atmosphere, but may be performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen or a reducing gas atmosphere such as ethanol. After firing in an inert gas or reducing gas atmosphere, firing may be further performed in an air atmosphere if necessary.
- the ratio of the active component to the entire coated catalyst after calcination obtained as described above is 10 to 60% by mass.
- the catalyst of the present invention obtained by the method for producing the catalyst of the present invention described above is used in a reaction in which an unsaturated aldehyde is catalytically oxidized with molecular oxygen to obtain an unsaturated carboxylic acid.
- an unsaturated aldehyde is catalytically oxidized with molecular oxygen to obtain an unsaturated carboxylic acid.
- it is suitably used for the production of methacrylic acid by gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein.
- Molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas is used for the gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction.
- the molar ratio of molecular oxygen to unsaturated aldehyde such as methacrolein is preferably in the range of 0.5-20, more preferably in the range of 1-10.
- water to the source gas in a molar ratio of 1 to 20 relative to methacrolein.
- the raw material gas may contain oxygen, if necessary, water (usually contained as water vapor), as well as gases inert to the reaction, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and saturated hydrocarbons.
- a gas containing unsaturated aldehyde obtained by oxidizing the raw material alkene compound, alcohol compound, or ether compound may be used as it is.
- a methacrolein-containing gas obtained by oxidizing isobutylene, tertiary butanol, and methyl tertiary butyl ether may be supplied as it is.
- the reaction temperature in the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation reaction is usually 200 to 400° C., preferably 260 to 360° C., and the supply amount of the raw material gas is usually 100 to 6000 hr ⁇ 1 , preferably 300 to 3000 hr ⁇ 1 in terms of space velocity (SV). is.
- the gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction can be carried out under pressure or under reduced pressure, but a pressure near atmospheric pressure is generally suitable.
- ammonia is saturated and adsorbed on the catalyst.
- the adsorbed ammonia is desorbed by raising the temperature of the catalyst under the flow of an inert gas such as helium, and a temperature-programmed desorption spectrum is obtained by measuring the desorption rate of ammonia at each temperature. The area is calculated from the temperature programmed desorption spectrum to obtain the acid content (M).
- Example 1 1) Preparation of catalyst To 7100 parts of pure water were added 1000 parts of molybdenum oxide, 37.91 parts of vanadium pentoxide, 22.11 parts of cupric oxide, 88.08 parts of 85% aqueous phosphoric acid solution, and 98 parts of 60% aqueous arsenic acid solution. 60 parts was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 92° C. for 10 hours to obtain a reddish brown transparent solution. Subsequently, this solution was spray-dried to obtain a dried slurry.
- the composition of the catalytically active component solid obtained from the charged amount of raw materials is Mo-10, V-0.6, P-1.1, As-0.6, and Cu-0.4.
- Conversion rate number of moles of reacted methacrolein/number of moles of supplied methacrolein x 100
- Selectivity number of moles of methacrylic acid produced/number of moles of methacrolein reacted x 100
- Example 2 1) Preparation of catalyst To 7100 parts of pure water were added 1000 parts of molybdenum oxide, 39.17 parts of vanadium pentoxide, 24.87 parts of cupric oxide, 93.69 parts of 85% aqueous phosphoric acid solution, and 82 parts of 60% aqueous arsenic acid solution. 16 parts was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 92° C. for 10 hours to obtain a reddish brown transparent solution. Subsequently, 7.09 parts of antimony trioxide was added to this solution, and the mixture was heated and stirred for 4 hours to obtain a dark green transparent solution. Subsequently, this solution was spray-dried to obtain a dried slurry.
- the composition of the catalytically active component solid obtained from the amount of raw material charged is Mo-10, V-0.6, P-1.2, As-0.5, Cu-0.5, Sb-0.1. .
- 214 parts of the dried slurry and 29.8 parts of strength improving material alumina-silica fiber
- about 90% ethanol aqueous solution was added to 200 parts of spherical porous alumina carrier (particle size: 3.5 mm).
- 30 parts were coated and molded as a binder.
- the obtained molded product was calcined at 310° C. for 6 hours under air circulation to obtain the catalyst (coated catalyst) of the present invention.
- Example 3 31.59 parts of 37.91 parts of vanadium pentoxide, 27.63 parts of 22.11 parts of cupric oxide, 96.09 parts of 88.08 parts of 85% aqueous phosphoric acid solution, 60% arsenic acid in Example 1
- a catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the aqueous solution of 98.60 parts was changed to 82.16 parts.
- the composition of the catalytically active component solid obtained from the charged amount of raw materials is Mo-10, V-0.5, P-1.2, As-0.5, and Cu-0.5.
- Example 4 In Example 1, 37.91 parts of vanadium pentoxide was changed to 25.27 parts, 22.11 parts of cupric oxide was changed to 33.16 parts, and 98.60 parts of 60% arsenic acid aqueous solution was changed to 82.16 parts.
- a catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The composition of the catalytically active component solid obtained from the charged amount of raw materials is Mo-10, V-0.4, P-1.1, As-0.5, and Cu-0.6.
- Example 5 In Example 1, 37.91 parts of vanadium pentoxide was changed to 31.59 parts, 22.11 parts of cupric oxide was changed to 27.63 parts, and 98.60 parts of 60% aqueous arsenic acid solution was changed to 82.16 parts.
- a catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The composition of the catalytically active component solid obtained from the raw material charge was Mo-10, V-0.5, P-1.1, As-0.5, and Cu-0.5.
- Example 6 A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the calcination time was changed from 6 hours to 4 hours.
- Example 7 A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the calcination time was changed from 6 hours to 4 hours.
- Example 8 In Example 2, 37.91 parts of 39.17 parts of vanadium pentoxide, 22.11 parts of 24.87 parts of cupric oxide, 96.09 parts of 93.69 parts of 85% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, 7 parts of antimony trioxide A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 0.09 part was replaced by 5.06 parts and the calcination time was changed from 6 hours to 4 hours.
- the composition of the catalytically active component solid obtained from the raw material charge is Mo-10, V-0.6, P-1.2, As-0.5, Cu-0.4, Sb-0.1. .
- Example 1 In Example 1, 44.23 parts of 37.91 parts of vanadium pentoxide, 11.05 parts of 22.11 parts of cupric oxide, 82.16 parts of 98.60 parts of 60% aqueous arsenic acid solution, and a firing time of 6 A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the time was changed to 4 hours.
- the composition of the catalytically active component solid obtained from the charged amount of raw materials is Mo-10, V-0.7, P-1.1, As-0.5, and Cu-0.2.
- Example 2 31.59 parts of 37.91 parts of vanadium pentoxide, 5.53 parts of 22.11 parts of cupric oxide, 112.10 parts of 88.08 parts of 85% aqueous phosphoric acid, 60% arsenic acid in Example 1
- a catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the aqueous solution of 98.60 parts was changed to 115.03 parts.
- the composition of the catalytically active component solid obtained from the charged amount of raw materials is Mo-10, V-0.5, P-1.4, As-0.7, and Cu-0.1.
- the catalysts of the present invention of Examples have higher methacrylic acid selectivities than the catalysts of Comparative Examples.
- the present invention provides a catalyst that contains molybdenum, copper and vanadium as essential components and is capable of obtaining the desired product with high selectivity. Therefore, in the gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction using it, the desired product can be obtained stably with higher selectivity and yield.
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Abstract
Description
1)
モリブデン、銅及びバナジウムを必須成分として含み、アンモニア昇温脱離法によって250℃以上420℃以下の範囲に表れるピークの酸量(M)が1.35mmol/g以上2.00mmol/g以下である、触媒。
2)
前記酸量(M)が1.40mmol/g以上1.90mmol/g以下である、上記1)に記載の触媒。
3)
上記酸量(M)が1.50mmol/g以上1.85mmol/g以下である、上記1)に記載の触媒。
4)
アンモニア昇温脱離法によって100℃以上200℃以下の範囲に表れるピークの酸量(L)が0.05mmol/g以上0.50mmol/g以下である、上記1)から3)のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
5)
アンモニア昇温脱離法によって420℃以上550℃以下の範囲に表れるピークの酸量(H)が0.02mmol/g以上0.15mmol/g以下である、上記1)から4)のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
6)
更に砒素を必須成分として含む、上記1)から5)のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
7)
触媒活性成分が下記式(1)で表される組成を有する、上記1)から6)のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
Mo10Va1Pb1Cuc1Asd1Xe1Yf1Og1(1)
(式中、Mo、V、P、Cu、As及びOは、それぞれモリブデン、バナジウム、リン、銅、砒素及び酸素を表す。XはAg、Mg、Zn、Al、B、Ge、Sn、Pb、Ti、Zr、Sb、Cr、Re、Bi、W、Fe、Co、Ni、Ce及びThからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素を表す。YはK、Rb、Cs及びTlからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素を表す。a1、b1、c1、d1、e1、f1及びg1は、各元素の原子比を表し、a1は0.1≦a1≦6、b1は0≦b1≦6、c1は0<c1≦3、d1は0<d1<3、e1は0≦e1≦3、f1は0≦f1≦3、g1は他の元素の原子価ならびに原子比により定まる値である。)
8)
上記式(1)で表される組成を有する触媒活性成分が下記式(I)の関係を満たす、上記7)に記載の触媒。
0.6 ≦ a1/c1 ≦ 1.7・・・(I)
9)
上記式(1)で表される組成を有する触媒活性成分が下記式(II)の関係を満たす、上記7)又は8)に記載の触媒。
-0.5 ≦ (a1-c1)/d1 ≦ 0.4・・・(II)
10)
不活性担体に触媒活性成分が担持された触媒である、上記1)から9)のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
11)
上記不活性担体がシリカ及び/又はアルミナである、上記10)に記載の触媒。
12)
触媒が不飽和カルボン酸化合物の製造用である、上記1)から11)のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
13)
上記1)から12)のいずれか一項に記載の触媒を用いた不飽和カルボン酸化合物の製造方法。
14)
不飽和カルボン酸化合物がメタクリル酸である上記13)に記載の製造方法。
本発明の触媒は、モリブデン、銅及びバナジウムを必須成分として含む複合酸化物触媒であり、かつアンモニア昇温脱離法によって250℃以上420℃以下の範囲に表れるピークの酸量(M)が1.35mmol/g以上2.00mmol/g以下であることを特徴とする。「アンモニア昇温脱離法によって250℃以上420℃以下の範囲に表れるピークの酸量(M)」とは「アンモニア昇温脱離法によって測定される触媒の、250℃以上420℃以下の範囲に表れるピークから求まる酸量(M)」である。なお、本明細書において、上記構成を有する触媒を触媒(A)と記載する。
また酸量(M)の下限は1.35mmol/gであり、また更に好ましい順に1.40mmol/g、1.45mmol/g、1.50mmol/gである。すなわち触媒(A)の酸量(M)として最も好ましくは、1.50mmol/g以上1.70mmol/g以下である。この酸量であることにより、目的化合物への酸化反応以外の副反応を抑制し、最終生成物である不飽和カルボン酸化合物を安定に高選択率、高収率で得ることができる。
なお触媒の酸量(M)を調整する方法としては、組成変更、焼成時間、焼成雰囲気、スラリー乾燥体を成型する際のバインダー、等があげられるが、特に組成を変更する方法、及び焼成温度を上げ、又は焼成時間を延ばす方法が効果的である。
例えば、焼成温度としては、同一組成であっても10℃~40℃焼成温度を上げることで、酸量(M)を0.1~0.6mmol/g程度下げることができる。また同様に焼成時間を1~3時間程度短くすることで、酸量(M)を0.1~0.6mmol/g程度下げることができる。
酸量(H)については、0.02mmol/g以上0.15mmol/g以下である場合が好ましく、更に好ましくは0.02mmol/g以上0.10mmol/g以下であり、特に好ましくは0.03mmol/g以上0.10mmol/g以下であり、最も好ましくは0.03mmol/g以上0.09mmol/g以下である。
[化1]
Mo10Va1Pb1Cuc1Asd1Xe1Yf1Og1(1)
ここで、Mo、V、P、Cu、As及びOは、それぞれモリブデン、バナジウム、リン、銅、砒素及び酸素を表す。XはAg(銀)、Mg(マグネシウム)、Zn(亜鉛)、Al(アルミニウム)、B(ホウ素)、Ge(ゲルマニウム)、Sn(錫)、Pb(鉛)、Ti(チタン)、Zr(ジルコニウム)、Sb(アンチモン)、Cr(クロム)、Re(レニウム)、Bi(ビスマス)、W(タングステン)、Fe(鉄)、Co(コバルト)、Ni(ニッケル)、Ce(セリウム)及びTh(トリウム)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素を表す。YはK(カリウム)、Rb(ルビジウム)、Cs(セシウム)及びTl(タリウム)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素を表す。a1、b1、c1、d1、e1、f1及びg1は、各元素の原子比を表し、a1は0.1≦a1≦6、b1は0≦b1≦6、c1は0<c1≦3、d1は0<d1<3、e1は0≦e1≦3、f1は0≦f1≦3、g1は他の元素の原子価ならびに原子比により定まる値である。また本発明における組成は活性成分を意味し、不活性担体としては炭化珪素、アルミナ、シリカ、シリカアルミナ、ムライト、アランダム、ステアタイト等を用いることができる。
a1の下限は好ましい順に、0.2、0.25、0.3、0.35であり、最も好ましくは0.4である。a1の上限は望ましい順に、5、3、2、1、0.8、0.7、0.62であり、最も好ましくは0.6である。すなわちa1の最も好ましい範囲は、0.4≦a1≦0.6である。
b1の下限は好ましい順に、0、0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7、0.9、1.0、であり、最も好ましくは1.05である。b1の上限は好ましい順に、5、4、3、2であり、最も好ましくは1.5である。すなわちb1の最も好ましい範囲は、1.05≦b1≦1.5である。
c1の下限は好ましい順に、0.1、0.2、0.3であり、最も好ましくは0.4である。c1の上限は好ましい順に、2、1.5、1.2、1.0、0.8であり、最も好ましくは0.6である。すなわちc1の最も好ましい範囲は、0.4≦c1≦0.6である。
d1の下限は好ましい順に、0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4であり、最も好ましくは0.45である。d1の上限は好ましい順に、2、1.5、1.2、1.0、0.8であり、最も好ましくは0.55である。すなわちd1の最も好ましい範囲は、0.45≦d1≦0.55である。
e1の上限は好ましい順に、2、1.5、1、0.5、0.1、0.06であり、最も好ましくは0.065である。なおe1の下限は0であり、Xは含有しない、すなわちe1=0が触媒(A)の最も好ましい組成である。
f1の上限は好ましい順に、2、1.5、1、0.5、0.1、最も好ましくは0.05である。なおf1の下限は0であり、Yは含有しない、すなわちf1=0が触媒(A)の最も好ましい組成である。
a1/c1の上限は好ましい順に1.65、1.6、1.55、1.5、1.45、1.4、1.35であり、特に好ましくは1.3である。また下限としては好ましい順に、0.65、0.7、0.75、0.8であり、特に好ましくは0.85である。従って、a1/c1の最も好ましい範囲は、0.85≦a1/c1≦1.3である。
前記式(1)において、a1、c1、d1の関係が上記式(II)を満たす場合、触媒(A)として特に好ましい触媒組成である。
(a1-c1)/d1の上限は好ましい順に0.38、0.37、0.35、0.34であり、特に好ましくは0.33である。また下限としては好ましい順に、-0.48、-0.46、-0.44、-0.42、-0.40、-0.38であり特に好ましくは-0.36である。従って、(a1-c1)/d1の最も好ましい範囲は、-0.36≦(a1-c1)/d1≦0.33である。
触媒(A)の製造方法は、(a)上記金属をそれぞれ又は複数含む化合物を水に分散し、これらの化合物の水溶液又は水分散体(以下、両者を含めてスラリー液という)を調製する工程、(b)工程(a)で得られたスラリー液を乾燥してスラリー乾燥体を得る工程、(c)工程(b)で得られたスラリー乾燥体を成型する工程、(d)工程(c)で得られた被覆成型物を焼成する工程が含まれる。以下、工程ごとに好ましい実施形態を記載するが、本発明の実施においては、下記実施形態に限られるものではない。
工程(a)においては本発明の触媒の必須の活性成分元素及び任意の活性成分元素を含む化合物を用いる。前記化合物を例示すると、活性成分元素の塩化物、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、酸化物又は酢酸塩等が挙げられる。好ましい化合物をより具体的に例示すると硝酸コバルト等の硝酸塩、酢酸銅等の酢酸塩、酸化モリブデン、五酸化バナジウム、酸化銅、三酸化アンチモン、酸化セリウム、酸化亜鉛又は酸化ゲルマニウム等の酸化物、正リン酸、リン酸、硼酸、リン酸アルミニウム又は12タングストリン酸等の酸(又はその塩)等が挙げられるが、これらに限られない。これら活性成分を含む化合物は単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を混合して使用してもよい。工程(a)では、各活性成分を含む化合物と水とを均一に混合し、スラリー液を得る。前記スラリー液においては、全ての成分が水に溶解している必要は無く、その一部または全体が懸濁状態であっても差し支えない。スラリー液における水の使用量は、用いる化合物の全量を完全に溶解できるか、または均一に混合できる量であれば特に制限はない。工程(b)における乾燥方法や乾燥条件を勘案して、水の使用量を適宜決定すれば良い。通常、水の量はスラリー液調製用化合物の合計質量100部に対して、200~2000部程度である。水の量は多くてもよいが、多過ぎると工程(b)の乾燥工程のエネルギーコストが高くなり、又完全に乾燥できない場合も生ずるなどのデメリットが多い。
工程(c)では工程(b)で得られたスラリー乾燥体を成型する。なお、スラリー乾燥体を250℃から350℃程度で焼成してから成型すると、機械的強度や触媒性能が向上する場合があるので、成型前にスラリー乾燥体を焼成してもよい。成型方法は特に制約はなく、酸化反応において反応ガスの圧力損失を小さくするために、スラリー乾燥体を柱状物、錠剤、リング状、球状等に成型する他、不活性担体にスラリー乾燥体を被覆してもよい。このうち選択性の向上や反応熱の除去が期待できることから、不活性担体にスラリー乾燥体を被覆し、被覆触媒とするのが好ましい。この被覆工程は以下に述べる転動造粒法が好ましい。この方法は、例えば固定容器内の底部に、平らなあるいは凹凸のある円盤を有する装置中で、円盤を高速で回転することにより、容器内の担体を自転運動と公転運動の繰返しにより激しく攪拌させ、ここにバインダーと工程(b)で得られたスラリー乾燥体並びにこれらに、必要により、他の添加剤例えば成型助剤、強度向上剤を添加した被覆用混合物を担体に被覆する方法である。バインダーの添加方法は、1)前記被覆用混合物に予め混合しておく、2)被覆用混合物を固定容器内に添加するのと同時に添加、3)被覆用混合物を固定容器内に添加した後に添加、4)被覆用混合物を固定容器内に添加する前に添加、5)被覆用混合物とバインダーをそれぞれ分割し、2)~4)を適宜組み合わせて全量添加する等の方法が任意に採用しうる。このうち5)においては、例えば被覆用混合物の固定容器壁への付着、被覆用混合物同士の凝集がなく担体上に所定量が担時されるようオートフィーダー等を用いて添加速度を調節して行うのが好ましい。バインダーは水/または1気圧以下での沸点が150℃以下の有機化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種/またはそれらの水溶液であることが好ましい。水以外のバインダーの具体例としてはメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール類、ブタノール類等のアルコール、好ましくは炭素数1~4のアルコール、エチルエーテル、ブチルエーテル又はジオキサン等のエーテル、酢酸エチル又は酢酸ブチル等のエステル、アセトン又はメチルエチルケトン等のケトン等並びにそれらの水溶液が挙げられ、特にエタノールが好ましい。バインダーとしてエタノールを使用する場合、エタノール/水=10/0~0/10(質量比)、好ましくは水と混合し9/1~1/9(質量比)とすることが好ましい。これらバインダーの使用量は、被覆用混合物100質量部に対して通常2~60質量部、好ましくは10~50質量部である。
[酸量(M)の測定方法]
触媒の酸量(M)の測定方法は、触媒の酸量や、酸点の強さなどを表す指標として幅広く用いられている。
一般的には、測定対象の触媒0.01グラムから2グラムを目安に秤量し、真空脱気等の前処理を行う。
所望の温度でアンモニアを含むガスを一定時間供給することで、触媒にアンモニアを飽和吸着させる。
ヘリウムなどの不活性ガスの流通下で触媒を昇温することで吸着したアンモニアを脱離させ、各温度に対するアンモニアの脱離速度を測定することにより昇温脱離スペクトルを得る。
昇温脱離スペクトルから面積を計算し、酸量(M)を求める。
酸量(M)の測定方法としてはこれらの手法が一般的であり、より詳細には非特許文献1などを参照できる。当然のことながら、アンモニア昇温脱離法の実験条件は科学的に妥当な条件である範囲で、測定対象の触媒の物性や測定装置の特性を鑑み、適宜設定されるものである。
1)触媒の調製
純水7100部に酸化モリブデン1000部、五酸化バナジウム37.91部、酸化第二銅22.11部、85%の燐酸水溶液88.08部、及び60%の砒酸水溶液98.60部を添加し、92℃で10時間加熱攪拌して赤褐色の透明溶液を得た。続いて、この溶液を噴霧乾燥しスラリー乾燥体を得た。原料仕込み量から求めた、触媒活性成分固体の組成は、Mo-10、V-0.6、P-1.1、As-0.6、Cu-0.4である。
次いで得られたスラリー乾燥体214部、強度向上材(アルミナ-シリカ繊維)29.8部を均一に混合して、球状多孔質アルミナ担体(粒径3.5mm)200部に90%エタノール水溶液約30部をバインダーとして被覆成型した。次いで得られた成型物を空気流通下において310℃で6時間かけて焼成を行い本発明の触媒(被覆触媒)を得た。
得られた本発明の被覆触媒40.2mlを内径18.4mmのステンレス反応管に充填し、原料ガス(組成(モル比);メタクロレイン:酸素:水蒸気:窒素=1:2:4:18.6)、空間速度(SV)900hr-1の条件で、メタクロレインの酸化反応を実施した。反応浴温度を290℃から330℃の間に調整し、メタクロレイン転化率77mоl%の時のメタクリル酸選択率を算出した。
なお転化率、選択率は次の通りに定義される。
転化率=反応したメタクロレインのモル数/供給したメタクロレインのモル数×100
選択率=生成したメタクリル酸のモル数/反応したメタクロレインのモル数×100
得られた触媒の酸量(M)、酸量(L)、酸量(H)の評価は、次の装置および条件で行った。
使用装置:(日本ベル株式会社製BELCAT-B)
試料重量:0.08g
測定の前処理:ヘリウム雰囲気下、310℃で1時間処理した後、アンモニアガスを100℃で30分間吸着させる。
測定中の昇温速度:1℃/min
測定最大温度:610℃
キャリアガス:ヘリウム
キャリアガス流量:50sccm
測定結果を表1、及び測定データを図1に示す。
1)触媒の調製
純水7100部に酸化モリブデン1000部、五酸化バナジウム39.17部、酸化第二銅24.87部、85%の燐酸水溶液93.69部、及び60%の砒酸水溶液82.16部を添加し、92℃で10時間加熱攪拌して赤褐色の透明溶液を得た。続いて、この溶液に三酸化アンチモン7.09部を加え、4時間加熱攪拌して濃緑色の透明溶液を得た。続いて、この溶液を噴霧乾燥しスラリー乾燥体を得た。原料仕込み量から求めた、触媒活性成分固体の組成は、Mo-10、V-0.6、P-1.2、As-0.5、Cu-0.5、Sb-0.1である。
次いで得られたスラリー乾燥体214部、強度向上材(アルミナ-シリカ繊維)29.8部を均一に混合して、球状多孔質アルミナ担体(粒径3.5mm)200部に90%エタノール水溶液約30部をバインダーとして被覆成型した。次いで得られた成型物を空気流通下において310℃で6時間かけて焼成を行い本発明の触媒(被覆触媒)を得た。
実施例1において五酸化バナジウム37.91部を31.59部、酸化第二銅22.11部を27.63部、85%の燐酸水溶液88.08部を96.09部、60%の砒酸水溶液98.60部を82.16部にした以外は実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を調製した。原料仕込み量から求めた、触媒活性成分固体の組成は、Mo-10、V-0.5、P-1.2、As-0.5、Cu-0.5である。
実施例1において五酸化バナジウム37.91部を25.27部、酸化第二銅22.11部を33.16部、60%の砒酸水溶液98.60部を82.16部にした以外は実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を調製した。原料仕込み量から求めた、触媒活性成分固体の組成は、Mo-10、V-0.4、P-1.1、As-0.5、Cu-0.6である。
実施例1において五酸化バナジウム37.91部を31.59部、酸化第二銅22.11部を27.63部、60%の砒酸水溶液98.60部を82.16部にした以外は実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を調製した。原料仕込み量から求めた、触媒活性成分固体の組成は、Mo-10、V-0.5、P-1.1、As-0.5、Cu-0.5である。
実施例1において焼成時間を6時間から4時間にした以外は実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を調製した。
実施例2において焼成時間を6時間から4時間にした以外は実施例2と同様の方法で触媒を調製した。
実施例2において五酸化バナジウム39.17部を37.91部、酸化第二銅24.87部を22.11部、85%の燐酸水溶液93.69部を96.09部、三酸化アンチモン7.09部を5.06部、焼成時間を6時間から4時間にした以外は実施例2と同様の方法で触媒を調製した。原料仕込み量から求めた、触媒活性成分固体の組成は、Mo-10、V-0.6、P-1.2、As-0.5、Cu-0.4、Sb-0.1である。
実施例1において五酸化バナジウム37.91部を44.23部、酸化第二銅22.11部を11.05部、60%の砒酸水溶液98.60部を82.16部、焼成時間を6時間から4時間にした以外は実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を調製した。原料仕込み量から求めた、触媒活性成分固体の組成は、Mo-10、V-0.7、P-1.1、As-0.5、Cu-0.2である。
実施例1において五酸化バナジウム37.91部を31.59部、酸化第二銅22.11部を5.53部、85%の燐酸水溶液88.08部を112.10部、60%の砒酸水溶液98.60部を115.03部にした以外は実施例1と同様の方法で触媒を調製した。原料仕込み量から求めた、触媒活性成分固体の組成は、Mo-10、V-0.5、P-1.4、As-0.7、Cu-0.1である。
なお、本願は、2021年1月27日付で出願された日本国特許出願(特願2021-10888)に基づいており、その全体が引用により援用される。また、ここに引用されるすべての参照は全体として取り込まれる。
Claims (14)
- モリブデン、銅及びバナジウムを必須成分として含み、アンモニア昇温脱離法によって250℃以上420℃以下の範囲に表れるピークの酸量(M)が1.35mmol/g以上2.00mmol/g以下である、触媒。
- 前記酸量(M)が1.40mmol/g以上1.90mmol/g以下である、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記酸量(M)が1.50mmol/g以上1.85mmol/g以下である、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- アンモニア昇温脱離法によって100℃以上200℃以下の範囲に表れるピークの酸量(L)が0.05mmol/g以上0.50mmol/g以下である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- アンモニア昇温脱離法によって420℃以上550℃以下の範囲に表れるピークの酸量(H)が0.02mmol/g以上0.15mmol/g以下である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 更に砒素を必須成分として含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 触媒活性成分が下記式(1)で表される組成を有する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
Mo10Va1Pb1Cuc1Asd1Xe1Yf1Og1(1)
(式中、Mo、V、P、Cu、As及びOは、それぞれモリブデン、バナジウム、リン、銅、砒素及び酸素を表す。XはAg、Mg、Zn、Al、B、Ge、Sn、Pb、Ti、Zr、Sb、Cr、Re、Bi、W、Fe、Co、Ni、Ce及びThからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素を表す。YはK、Rb、Cs及びTlからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素を表す。a1、b1、c1、d1、e1、f1及びg1は、各元素の原子比を表し、a1は0.1≦a1≦6、b1は0≦b1≦6、c1は0<c1≦3、d1は0<d1<3、e1は0≦e1≦3、f1は0≦f1≦3、g1は他の元素の原子価ならびに原子比により定まる値である。)
- 前記式(1)で表される組成を有する触媒活性成分が下記式(I)の関係を満たす、請求項7に記載の触媒。
0.6 ≦ a1/c1 ≦ 1.7・・・(I)
- 前記式(1)で表される組成を有する触媒活性成分が下記式(II)の関係を満たす、請求項7又は8に記載の触媒。
-0.5 ≦ (a1-c1)/d1 ≦ 0.4・・・(II)
- 不活性担体に触媒活性成分が担持された触媒である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 前記不活性担体がシリカ及び/又はアルミナである、請求項10に記載の触媒。
- 触媒が不飽和カルボン酸化合物の製造用である、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒を用いた不飽和カルボン酸化合物の製造方法。
- 不飽和カルボン酸化合物がメタクリル酸である請求項13に記載の製造方法。
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