WO2022156357A1 - 一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置 - Google Patents

一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022156357A1
WO2022156357A1 PCT/CN2021/133331 CN2021133331W WO2022156357A1 WO 2022156357 A1 WO2022156357 A1 WO 2022156357A1 CN 2021133331 W CN2021133331 W CN 2021133331W WO 2022156357 A1 WO2022156357 A1 WO 2022156357A1
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Prior art keywords
wheel
driving
bending
driven
bending die
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PCT/CN2021/133331
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王自立
张树有
李�杰
李瑞森
谭建荣
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浙江大学
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Publication of WO2022156357A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022156357A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/02—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment
    • B21D7/024—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment by a swinging forming member

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  • the invention belongs to the field of bending and forming of pipe fittings, and in particular relates to a bending-diameter-adjustable bending-die device suitable for one-die multi-tubes.
  • elbows with different curvature radii of different bending sections of the same pipe or the curvature of the same bending section are often used.
  • most pipe bending equipment meets the processing requirements by discretely combining bending dies with various curvature radii. This method is difficult to achieve the same bending without changing the bending dies.
  • the mold device completes bending forming with various curvature requirements; at the same time, the current ordinary bending mold device based on the rotary stretch bending method cannot meet the continuous change of the curvature of the same bending section.
  • the present invention discloses a bending die device with adjustable bending diameter suitable for one die and multiple tubes, which effectively solves the problem that the existing bending die device cannot well complete the bending and forming of variable curvature pipe fittings. It is realized that a bending die device can be used for the bending and forming of the curved pipes with different curvature radii of different curved sections of the same pipe material or the curvature of the same curved section changes, so as to reduce the production cost and improve the production efficiency.
  • the tapered wheel mechanism includes a driving tapered wheel, a driven tapered wheel, a spline shaft and a thrust bearing, and a driving tapered wheel and a driven tapered wheel.
  • the conical wheels are connected by a spline shaft, the active conical wheel is connected with the end of the piston rod of the curvature adjusting hydraulic cylinder through a thrust bearing, and the driven conical wheel is connected with the output shaft of the bending die drive motor by bolts; the support
  • the bending die mechanism includes a supporting sheet and an elastic sheet fixing ring.
  • a plurality of supporting sheets are arranged between the driving conical wheel and the driven conical wheel at equal intervals by taking the rotation axis of the bending die as the central axis to form a supporting ring.
  • the elastic sheet fixing rings are embedded on both sides to make the left and right sides of the supporting sheet close to the driving cone wheel and the driven cone wheel.
  • the driving tapered wheel and the driven tapered wheel are both circular truncated structures, with a plurality of annularly arranged strip grooves equally spaced on the side surface along the circumference; the driven tapered wheel and the driving tapered wheel are symmetrically arranged, and the driving tapered wheel is symmetrically arranged.
  • the outer diameter of the inner end surface of the shaped wheel and the driven cone wheel is smaller than the outer diameter of the outer surface.
  • the supporting sheet is in the shape of an inverted trapezoid, and the two sides of the supporting sheet are respectively placed in the strip grooves of the driving conical wheel and the driven conical wheel.
  • the radius of the arc groove is equal to the radius of the pipe to be bent.
  • the elastic sheet fixing ring is embedded in the annular groove formed by the rectangular grooves of multiple supporting sheets Inside.
  • the elastic sheet fixing ring is elastically retractable, so that both sides of the supporting sheet are always in close contact with the strip grooves of the driving cone wheel and the driven cone wheel.
  • One end of the spline shaft is coaxially connected with the inner end face of the driven conical wheel through bolts, and the other end passes through the central through hole of the driving conical wheel and then extends into the shaft hole of the output shaft of the bending die drive motor;
  • the inner side surface of the central through hole of the wheel is provided with a spline groove which is matched with the spline shaft.
  • the diameter of the output shaft of the bending die drive motor is larger than the outer diameter of the spline shaft.
  • a thrust bearing is coaxially installed on the outer end face of the driven conical wheel, and the thrust bearing is coaxially connected with the end of the piston rod of the curvature adjusting hydraulic cylinder through bolts.
  • the curvature adjustment hydraulic cylinder adopts a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, which changes the axial distance between the driven cone wheel and the driving cone wheel by controlling the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic cylinder piston;
  • the bending die drive motor adopts a hollow shaft servo motor to provide the rotation of the cone wheel driving force.
  • the rotation axis of the bending die is the central axis of the rotation of the driven conical wheel and the driving conical wheel.
  • Step 1) Adjust the bending die device after confirming the radius of curvature of the pipe:
  • the hydraulic cylinder is controlled to adjust the curvature to drive the driven conical wheel to move toward the side close to the active conical wheel, and the active conical wheel and the driven conical wheel move.
  • the relative axial movement of the tapered wheel squeezes the support sheet, and the thrust generated by the extrusion overcomes the elastic force generated by the outward stretching of the two elastic sheet fixing rings, so that the support sheet expands outward along the strip groove, so that the support sheet is used for pipe support.
  • the distance from the center of the arc-shaped groove of the supporting sheet to the axis of rotation of the bending die becomes larger, that is, the radius of curvature increases;
  • the hydraulic cylinder is adjusted by controlling the curvature to drive the driven conical wheel to move to the side away from the driving conical wheel, and the driving conical wheel and the driven conical wheel move.
  • the thrust of the conical wheel to the support sheet is reduced, and the two elastic sheet fixing rings shrink.
  • the elastic force generated by the two elastic sheet fixing rings is the main driving force, and the supporting sheet is under the elastic force of the two elastic sheet fixing rings.
  • Both sides are close to the strip grooves of the driving cone wheel and the movable cone wheel, and the support sheet shrinks inward along the rectangular groove, so that the distance from the center of the arc groove of the support sheet for pipe support to the rotation axis of the bending die changes. small, that is, the radius of curvature is reduced;
  • Step 2) After the adjustment of the radius of curvature in step 1) is completed or during the adjustment of the radius of curvature, the driving cone wheel is driven to rotate by controlling the rotation of the output shaft of the bending die drive motor, and the driving cone wheel drives the driven cone through the spline.
  • the wheel rotates, so that the driven cone wheel and the driving cone wheel rotate synchronously, and all the supporting sheets rotate synchronously under the driving of the driving cone wheel and the driven cone wheel, and the bending die device provides support for the bending and forming of the pipe.
  • the support sheet During the bending process of the tube, the support sheet provides radial support force for the tube and tangential friction force for the bending of the tube.
  • the supporting sheet changes the arc of the supporting sheet under the combined action of the thrust generated by the extrusion of the driving cone wheel and the driven cone wheel and the elastic force generated by the expansion and contraction of the two elastic sheet fixing rings.
  • the distance from the center of the groove to the axis of rotation of the bending die so as to change the radius of curvature and realize the function of continuous variable curvature.
  • the present invention can meet the requirement of not replacing pipe bending equipment or pipe bending molds, and realize a set of bending mold devices to complete the processing requirements of pipe fittings with different curvatures, reduce the manufacturing cost of bending molds, and simplify the operation process.
  • the present invention can realize a set of bending die device to complete the bending and forming of the curved pipe with different curvature radii of different curved sections of the same pipe or the curvature of the same curved section changes, thereby improving the production efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the conical wheel mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the conical wheel mechanism and the supporting bending die mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the supporting sheet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the process of increasing the radius of curvature of the present invention.
  • (a) and (b) are two state diagrams during the curvature adjustment process, and
  • (c) is a schematic diagram of the completion of the curvature adjustment.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the process of reducing the radius of curvature of the present invention.
  • (a) and (b) are two state diagrams during the curvature adjustment process, and
  • (c) is a schematic diagram of the completion of the curvature adjustment.
  • the present invention includes a conical wheel mechanism 1 , a supporting bending die mechanism 2 and a control driving part 3 .
  • the tapered wheel mechanism 1 includes a driving tapered wheel 4, a driven tapered wheel 5, a spline shaft 6, and a thrust bearing 7.
  • the driving tapered wheel 4 is in the shape of a truncated cone, and the tapered surface is in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • the driven conical wheel 5 is in the shape of a truncated cone, and several strip-shaped grooves are evenly opened on the conical surface along the circumference.
  • the driven tapered wheel 5 is coaxially installed on the inner end face of the driven tapered wheel 5.
  • the driving tapered wheel 4 forms a moving pair through the spline groove and the spline shaft 6.
  • the driven tapered wheel 5 and the driving tapered wheel 4 are in the axial direction.
  • the upper part can be moved relatively to change the axial distance and can rotate synchronously through the spline.
  • the supporting bending die mechanism 2 includes a supporting sheet 9 and an elastic sheet fixing ring 10.
  • the supporting sheet 9 is a trapezoid, and the left and right sides of the supporting sheet 9 are respectively placed on the driving cone wheel 4 and the driven cone.
  • the supporting sheet 9 is matched with the strip groove and can move in the strip groove, and a plurality of supporting sheets 9 are evenly distributed on the driving cone wheel 4 and the driven cone along the rotation axis of the bending die.
  • a support ring is formed in the strip groove of the tapered surface of the shape wheel 5, and the upper end of the support sheet 9 is provided with an arc groove for supporting the pipe, the radius of the arc groove is equal to the radius of the pipe to be bent, and two rectangular grooves are opened on the upper end of the support sheet 9,
  • the elastic sheet fixing ring 10 is elastically retractable, so that the left and right sides of the supporting sheet 9 are always in close contact with the driving tapered wheel.
  • the supporting sheet 9 can move along the two cones under the combined action of the thrust generated by the extrusion of the driving conical wheel 4 and the driven conical wheel 5 and the elastic force generated by the stretching of the two elastic sheet fixing rings 10.
  • the rectangular groove in the wheel expands outward or contracts inward, changing the distance from the center of the arc-shaped notch at the upper end of the support sheet 9 to the axis of rotation of the bending die, thereby changing the radius of curvature.
  • the control and driving part 3 includes a bending die frame 11, a curvature adjusting hydraulic cylinder 12, and a bending die driving motor 13.
  • the curvature adjusting hydraulic cylinder 12 selects a double-acting hydraulic cylinder and is installed on the left side of the bending die frame 11.
  • the piston of the curvature adjusting hydraulic cylinder 12 is coaxially connected with the thrust bearing 7 of the conical wheel mechanism 1, and the position of the driven conical wheel 5 is adjusted by controlling the reciprocating motion of the piston of the curvature adjusting hydraulic cylinder 12, and the driven conical wheel 5 and the driven conical wheel 5 are changed.
  • the axial distance of the active conical wheel 4, the bending die drive motor 13 is a hollow shaft servo motor, the diameter of the output shaft of the bending die drive motor 13 is larger than the outer diameter of the spline shaft 6, and it is installed on the right side of the bending die frame 11, and
  • the curvature adjustment hydraulic cylinder 12 is installed coaxially to provide the driving force for the rotation of the bending die device to complete the pipe bending process.
  • the rotation of the active conical wheel 4 drives the conical wheel mechanism 1 to rotate, which in turn drives the supporting bending die mechanism 2 to rotate.
  • the thrust generated by the relative axial movement of the conical wheel 5 squeezes the support sheet 9 as the main driving force, overcoming the elastic force generated by the stretching of the two elastic sheet fixing rings 10, so that the support sheet 9 expands outward along the rectangular groove, and the upper end of the support sheet 9
  • the distance from the center of the arc groove to the axis of rotation of the bending die becomes larger, and the radius of curvature, that is, the distance from the axis of the pipe to the axis of rotation of the bending die, becomes larger.
  • the curvature adjusting hydraulic cylinder 12 adjusts the driven conical wheel 5 to move to the left, the axial distance between the driving conical wheel 4 and the driven conical wheel 5 becomes larger, and the driving conical wheel 4 and the driven conical wheel 5 become larger.
  • the thrust of the conical wheel 5 to the support sheet 9 is reduced, and the elastic force generated by the two elastic sheet fixing rings 10 is the main driving force.
  • the support sheet 9 shrinks inward along the rectangular groove, the distance from the center of the arc groove at the upper end of the support sheet 9 to the rotation axis of the bending die becomes smaller, and the radius of curvature is the axis of the pipe to the bending direction.
  • the distance of the axis of rotation of the die becomes smaller.
  • the output shaft of the bending die drive motor 13 drives the driving cone wheel 4 to rotate, and the driving cone wheel 4 drives the driven cone wheel 5 to rotate through the spline, so that the The movable cone wheel 5 rotates synchronously with the driving cone wheel 4, each supporting sheet 9 rotates synchronously under the driving of the driving cone wheel 4 and the driven cone wheel 5, the pipe is bent and formed under the driving of the bending die device, and the pipe bending process
  • the middle support sheet 9 provides tangential friction force for the bending of the pipe while providing radial support force for the pipe.
  • the curvature radius of the bending die is adjusted, so as to realize the variable curvature bending of the same bending section, that is, the curvature radius changes during one bending process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置，包括控制驱动部分(3)、锥形轮机构(1)和支撑弯模机构(2)；控制驱动部分的曲率调节液压缸(12)调节锥形轮机构中从动锥形轮(5)的移动，弯模驱动电机(13)调节主动锥形轮(4)及通过花键轴(6)与主动锥形轮连接的从动锥形轮的转动，两锥形轮锥面上均匀开有条形槽，支撑弯模机构的支撑薄片(9)安装在两锥形轮的条形槽中并能在其中移动，多个支撑薄片形成支撑环，弹性薄片固定环(10)使支撑薄片紧贴两锥形轮。还公开了一种弯模装置的弯径调节方法。该弯模装置通过调节从动锥形轮位置，使支撑薄片在主动锥形轮及从动锥形轮挤压产生的推力与弹性薄片固定环拉伸产生的弹力的共同作用下改变支撑薄片位置，改变管材轴线到弯模回转轴线的距离，从而改变曲率半径，实现连续变曲率。

Description

一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置 技术领域
本发明属于管件弯曲成形领域，具体涉及一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置。
背景技术
随着管件在车辆、航空、船舶、管道等各个领域的应用，弯管在各个工业领域的用途越来越重要，自动弯管技术也不断发展。目前生产中使用的绝大机构弯管机以及数控弯管设备都基于旋转拉伸弯管法，管材的弯曲成形是直接靠特制的模具在旋转拉伸作用下完成的，回转弯模作为该弯管成形方法的主要组成机构，直接决定了弯管的曲率半径。
在工业生产中经常用到同一管材不同弯曲段曲率半径不同或者同一弯曲段曲率变化的弯管。目前针对不同弯曲段曲率半径不同的管材，绝大多数弯管设备通过对多种曲率半径的弯模进行离散的组合满足加工要求，在不更换弯模的情况下，该方法很难实现同一弯模装置完成多种曲率要求的弯曲成形；同时，目前基于旋转拉伸弯管法的普通弯模装置满足不了同一弯曲段曲率连续变化的情况。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中的问题，本发明公开了一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置，有效解决了现有弯模装置无法很好的完成变曲率管件弯曲成形的问题，实现一个弯模装置能够用于同一管材不同弯曲段曲率半径不同或者同一弯曲段曲率变化的弯管的弯曲成形，降低生产成本、提高生产效率。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一、一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置
包括锥形轮机构、支撑弯模机构和控制驱动部分；控制驱动部分包括弯模机架、曲率调节液压缸、弯模驱动电机，弯模机架两侧分别安装有曲率调节液压缸和弯模驱动电机；锥形轮机构设置于曲率调节液压缸和弯模驱动电机中间，锥形轮机构包括主动锥形轮、从动锥形轮、花键轴和推力轴承，主动锥形轮和从动锥形轮之间通过花键轴连接，主动锥形轮通过推力轴承与曲率调节液压缸的活塞杆端部通过螺栓连接，从动锥形轮与弯模驱动电机的输出轴通过螺栓连接；支撑弯模机构包括支撑薄片和弹性薄片固定环，多块支撑薄片通过以弯模 回转轴线为中心轴呈环状等间隔布置于主动锥形轮和从动锥形轮之间形成支撑环，支撑环两侧通过嵌装弹性薄片固定环使支撑薄片左右两侧紧贴主动锥形轮和从动锥形轮。
主动锥形轮与从动锥形轮均为圆台结构，侧面上沿圆周等间隔开有多个呈环状布置的条形槽；从动锥形轮与主动锥形轮呈对称布置，主动锥形轮和从动锥形轮的内端面外径小于外侧面外径。
所述支撑薄片呈倒梯形状，支撑薄片两侧分别置于主动锥形轮和从动锥形轮的条形槽内，支撑薄片与条形槽间隙配合，可沿条形槽移动；支撑薄片上端中间开有用于支撑管材的弧形槽，弧形槽口半径等于待弯曲管材半径，上端两侧均开有矩形槽，弹性薄片固定环嵌装于多块支撑薄片的矩形槽组成的环形槽内。
弹性薄片固定环具有弹性可伸缩，使支撑薄片两侧始终紧贴主动锥形轮和从动锥形轮的条形槽。
花键轴一端与从动锥形轮内端面通过螺栓同轴连接，另一端从主动锥形轮开有的中心通孔穿出后伸入弯模驱动电机输出轴的轴孔内；主动锥形轮的中心通孔内侧面开有与花键轴配合的花键槽。
弯模驱动电机输出轴孔径大于花键轴的外径。
从动锥形轮外端面同轴安装有推力轴承，推力轴承与曲率调节液压缸的活塞杆端部通过螺栓同轴连接。
曲率调节液压缸采用双作用液压缸，通过控制液压缸活塞的往复运动改变从动锥形轮与主动锥形轮的轴向距离；弯模驱动电机采用空心轴伺服电机，以提供锥形轮转动的驱动力。
所述弯模回转轴线为从动锥形轮与主动锥形轮转动的中轴线。
二、适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置的使用方法
包括以下步骤：
步骤1)在确认管材的曲率半径后对弯模装置进行调节：
当支撑薄片弧形槽的圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离小于弯曲半径时，通过控制曲率调节液压缸带动从动锥形轮朝靠近主动锥形轮的一侧移动，主动锥形轮及从动锥形轮的相对轴向移动对支撑薄片产生挤压，挤压产生的推力克服两弹性薄片固定环向外拉伸产生的弹力，使支撑薄片沿条形槽向外扩张，使得用于管材支撑的支撑薄片弧形槽的圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离变大，即增大了曲率半径；
当支撑薄片弧形槽的圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离大于弯曲半径时，通过控 制曲率调节液压缸带动从动锥形轮朝远离主动锥形轮的一侧移动，主动锥形轮及从动锥形轮对支撑薄片挤压的推力减小，两弹性薄片固定环收缩，此时两弹性薄片固定环产生的弹力为主动力，支撑薄片在两弹性薄片固定环的弹力作用下使支撑薄片左右两侧均紧贴于主动锥形轮和动锥形轮的条形槽，支撑薄片沿矩形槽向内收缩，使得用于管材支撑的支撑薄片弧形槽的圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离变小，即减小了曲率半径；
步骤2)在步骤1)曲率半径调节完成后或在曲率半径调节的过程中，通过控制弯模驱动电机的输出轴转动带动主动锥形轮转动，主动锥形轮通过花键带动从动锥形轮转动，使得从动锥形轮与主动锥形轮同步转动，所有支撑薄片在主动锥形轮与从动锥形轮带动下同步转动，弯模装置为管材弯曲成形提供支撑。
管材在弯曲成形过程中支撑薄片为管材提供径向支持力的同时为管材的弯曲提供切向摩擦力。
本发明的有益效果：
1)本发明通过调节从动锥形轮的位置，使支撑薄片在主动锥形轮及从动锥形轮挤压产生的推力与两弹性薄片固定环伸缩产生的弹力共同作用下改变支撑薄片弧形槽圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离，从而改变曲率半径，实现连续变曲率功能。
2)本发明可满足不更换弯管设备或弯管模具的条件下，实现一套弯模装置完成不同曲率管件的加工要求，降低弯模制造成本，简化操作过程。
3)本发明可以根据加工生产要求，实现一套弯模装置完成同一管材不同弯曲段曲率半径不同或者同一弯曲段曲率变化的弯管的弯曲成形，提高生产效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明的剖视结构示意图图。
图3为本发明的锥形轮机构结构示意图。
图4为本发明的锥形轮机构和支撑弯模机构结构示意图。
图5为本发明的支撑薄片结构示意图。
图6为本发明的曲率半径变大过程示意图；(a)(b)分别为曲率调节过程中的两个状态图，(c)为曲率调节完成示意图。
图7为本发明的曲率半径变小过程示意图；(a)(b)分别为曲率调节过程中的两个状态图，(c)为曲率调节完成示意图。
图中：1、锥形轮机构，2、支撑弯模机构，3、控制驱动部分，4、主动锥形轮，5、从动锥形轮，6、花键轴，7、推力轴承，8、螺栓，9、支撑薄片，10、 弹性薄片固定环，11、弯模机架，12、曲率调节液压缸，13、弯模驱动电机。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本发明包括锥形轮机构1、支撑弯模机构2和控制驱动部分3。
如图1～3所示，锥形轮机构1包括主动锥形轮4、从动锥形轮5、花键轴6、推力轴承7，主动锥形轮4呈圆锥台状，锥面上沿圆周均匀开有若干条形槽，端面沿轴线方向开有花键槽，从动锥形轮5呈圆锥台状，锥面上沿圆周均匀开若干条形槽，花键轴6通过螺栓8与从动锥形轮5同轴安装在从动锥形轮5内端面，主动锥形轮4通过花键槽与花键轴6构成移动副，从动锥形轮5与主动锥形轮4在轴向上可以相对移动使轴向距离改变并能够通过花键同步转动，从动锥形轮5外端面装有与从动锥形轮5同轴的推力轴承7，用于与控制驱动部分3连接。
如图4和图5所示，支撑弯模机构2包括支撑薄片9、弹性薄片固定环10，支撑薄片9为梯形状，支撑薄片9左右两侧分别安放在主动锥形轮4与从动锥形轮5锥面的条形槽中，支撑薄片9与条形槽间隙配合，可在条形槽中移动，多个支撑薄片9沿弯模回转轴线均匀分布在主动锥形轮4与从动锥形轮5锥面的条形槽中形成支撑环，支撑薄片9上端开有用于支撑管材的弧形槽，弧形槽半径等于待弯曲管材半径，同时支撑薄片9上端开有两个矩形槽，弹性薄片固定环10共有两个，分别穿过每个支撑薄片9上端所开的两个矩形槽，弹性薄片固定环10具有弹性可伸缩，使支撑薄片9左右两侧始终紧贴主动锥形轮4和从动锥形轮5，支撑薄片9可在主动锥形轮4及从动锥形轮5挤压产生的推力与两弹性薄片固定环10拉伸产生的弹力共同作用下沿两锥形轮中的矩形槽向外扩张或向内收缩，改变支撑薄片9上端圆弧形槽口圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离，从而改变曲率半径。
如图2所示，控制驱动部分3包括弯模机架11、曲率调节液压缸12、弯模驱动电机13，曲率调节液压缸12选用双作用液压缸，安装在弯模机架11左侧，曲率调节液压缸12活塞与锥形轮机构1的推力轴承7同轴线连接，通过控制曲率调节液压缸12活塞的往复运动调节从动锥形轮5的位置，改变从动锥形轮5与主动锥形轮4的轴向距离，弯模驱动电机13选用空心轴伺服电机，弯模驱动电机13输出轴的孔径大于花键轴6的外径，安装在弯模机架11右侧，与曲率调节液压缸12同轴线安装，为弯模装置的转动完成弯管过程提供驱动力，弯模驱动电机13输出轴与锥形轮机构1的主动锥形轮4同轴线连接，通过带动主动锥形轮4转动带动锥形轮机构1转动，进而带动支撑弯模机构2转动。
具体实施例：
1)根据待弯曲管材的曲率半径要求控制曲率调节液压缸12工作，曲率调节液压缸12的活塞通过推力轴承7带动从动锥形轮5轴向移动，花键轴6跟随从动锥形轮5移动，主动锥形轮4与弯模机架11轴向位置保持不变，从动锥形轮5与主动锥形轮4轴向距离根据曲率要求发生改变，均匀分布在主动锥形轮4与从动锥形轮5条形槽中的支撑薄片9在主动锥形轮4及从动锥形轮5挤压产生的推力与两弹性薄片固定环10拉伸产生的弹力共同作用下在两锥形轮中的矩形槽中向外扩张或向内收缩。
如图6所示，当曲率调节液压缸12调节从动锥形轮5右移时，主动锥形轮4及从动锥形轮5的轴向距离变小，主动锥形轮4及从动锥形轮5的相对轴向移动对支撑薄片9挤压产生的推力为主动力，克服两弹性薄片固定环10拉伸产生的弹力，使支撑薄片9沿矩形槽向外扩张，支撑薄片9上端弧形槽圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离变大，曲率半径即管材轴线到弯模回转轴线的距离变大。
如图7所示，当曲率调节液压缸12调节从动锥形轮5左移时，主动锥形轮4及从动锥形轮5的轴向距离变大，主动锥形轮4及从动锥形轮5对支撑薄片9的推力减小，两弹性薄片固定环10产生的弹力为主动力，支撑薄片9在两弹性薄片固定环10的弹力作用下使支撑薄片9左右两侧均紧贴于主动锥形轮4和动锥形轮的矩形槽，支撑薄片9沿矩形槽向内收缩，支撑薄片9上端弧形槽圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离变小，曲率半径即管材轴线到弯模回转轴线的距离变小。
2)曲率半径调节完成或在曲率半径调节的过程中，弯模驱动电机13的输出轴带动主动锥形轮4转动，主动锥形轮4通过花键带动从动锥形轮5转动，使得从动锥形轮5与主动锥形轮4同步转动，各支撑薄片9在主动锥形轮4与从动锥形轮5带动下同步转动，管材在弯模装置的带动下弯曲成形，管材弯曲过程中支撑薄片9在为管材提供径向支持力的同时为管材的弯曲提供切向摩擦力。
弯模带动管材弯曲的同时进行弯模曲率半径调节，从而实现同一弯曲段的变曲率弯曲，即在一次弯曲过程中曲率半径是变化的。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置，其特征在于，包括锥形轮机构(1)、支撑弯模机构(2)和控制驱动部分(3)；控制驱动部分(3)包括弯模机架(11)、曲率调节液压缸(12)、弯模驱动电机(13)，弯模机架(11)两侧分别安装有曲率调节液压缸(12)和弯模驱动电机(13)；锥形轮机构(1)设置于曲率调节液压缸(12)和弯模驱动电机(13)中间，锥形轮机构(1)包括主动锥形轮(4)、从动锥形轮(5)、花键轴(6)和推力轴承(7)，主动锥形轮(4)和从动锥形轮(5)之间通过花键轴(6)连接，主动锥形轮(4)通过推力轴承(7)与曲率调节液压缸(12)的活塞杆端部通过螺栓连接，从动锥形轮(5)与弯模驱动电机(13)的输出轴通过螺栓连接；支撑弯模机构(2)包括支撑薄片(9)和弹性薄片固定环(10)，多块支撑薄片(9)通过以弯模回转轴线为中心轴呈环状等间隔布置于主动锥形轮(4)和从动锥形轮(5)之间形成支撑环，支撑环两侧通过嵌装弹性薄片固定环(10)使支撑薄片(9)左右两侧紧贴主动锥形轮(4)和从动锥形轮(5)；
    主动锥形轮(4)与从动锥形轮(5)均为圆台结构，侧面上沿圆周等间隔开有多个条形槽；从动锥形轮(5)与主动锥形轮(4)呈对称布置，主动锥形轮(4)和从动锥形轮(5)的内端面外径小于外侧面外径；
    所述支撑薄片(9)呈倒梯形状，支撑薄片(9)两侧分别置于主动锥形轮(4)和从动锥形轮(5)的条形槽内；支撑薄片(9)上端中间开有用于支撑管材的弧形槽，上端两侧均开有矩形槽，弹性薄片固定环(10)嵌装于多块支撑薄片(9)的矩形槽组成的环形槽内；
    弹性薄片固定环(10)具有弹性可伸缩，使支撑薄片(9)两侧始终紧贴主动锥形轮(4)和从动锥形轮(5)的条形槽；
    花键轴(6)一端与从动锥形轮(5)内端面通过螺栓同轴连接，另一端从主动锥形轮(4)开有的中心通孔穿出后伸入弯模驱动电机(13)输出轴的轴孔内；主动锥形轮(4)的中心通孔内侧面开有与花键轴(6)配合的花键槽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置，其特征在于，从动锥形轮(5)外端面同轴安装有推力轴承(7)，推力轴承(7)与曲率调节液压缸(12)的活塞杆端部通过螺栓同轴连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置，其特征在于，曲率调节液压缸(12)采用双作用液压缸，通过控制液压缸活塞的往复运动改变从动锥形轮(5)与主动锥形轮(4)的轴向距离；弯模驱动电机(13)采用空心轴伺服电机，以提供锥形轮转动的驱动力。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于一模多管的弯径可调节弯模装置，其特征在于，所述弯模回转轴线为从动锥形轮(5)与主动锥形轮(4)转动的中轴线。
  5. 采用权利要求1～4任一所述装置的弯径调节方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1)在确认管材的曲率半径后对弯模装置进行调节：
    当支撑薄片(9)弧形槽的圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离小于弯曲半径时，通过控制曲率调节液压缸(12)带动从动锥形轮(5)朝靠近主动锥形轮(4)的一侧移动，主动锥形轮(4)及从动锥形轮(5)的相对轴向移动对支撑薄片(9)产生挤压，挤压产生的推力克服两弹性薄片固定环(10)向外拉伸产生的弹力，使支撑薄片(9)沿条形槽向外扩张，使得用于管材支撑的支撑薄片(9)弧形槽的圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离变大，即增大了曲率半径；
    当支撑薄片(9)弧形槽的圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离大于弯曲半径时，通过控制曲率调节液压缸(12)带动从动锥形轮(5)朝远离主动锥形轮(4)的一侧移动，主动锥形轮(4)及从动锥形轮(5)对支撑薄片(9)挤压的推力减小，两弹性薄片固定环(10)收缩，此时两弹性薄片固定环(10)产生的弹力为主动力，支撑薄片(9)在两弹性薄片固定环(10)的弹力作用下使支撑薄片(9)左右两侧均紧贴于主动锥形轮(4)和从动锥形轮(5)的条形槽，支撑薄片(9)沿条形槽向内收缩，使得用于管材支撑的支撑薄片(9)弧形槽的圆心到弯模回转轴线的距离变小，即减小了曲率半径；
    步骤2)在步骤1)曲率半径调节完成后或在曲率半径调节的过程中，通过控制弯模驱动电机(13)的输出轴转动带动主动锥形轮(4)转动，主动锥形轮(4)通过花键带动从动锥形轮(5)转动，使得从动锥形轮(5)与主动锥形轮(4)同步转动，所有支撑薄片(9)在主动锥形轮(4)与从动锥形轮(5)带动下同步转动，弯模装置为管材弯曲成形提供支撑。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的弯径调节方法，其特征在于，管材在弯曲成形过程中支撑薄片(9)为管材提供径向支持力的同时为管材的弯曲提供切向摩擦力。
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