WO2022142693A1 - 电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022142693A1
WO2022142693A1 PCT/CN2021/127714 CN2021127714W WO2022142693A1 WO 2022142693 A1 WO2022142693 A1 WO 2022142693A1 CN 2021127714 W CN2021127714 W CN 2021127714W WO 2022142693 A1 WO2022142693 A1 WO 2022142693A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
body portion
pole piece
main body
electrode assembly
tab
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/127714
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
上官会会
金海族
唐代春
杜鑫鑫
白子瑜
秦瑞环
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP21913437.6A priority Critical patent/EP4131631A4/en
Priority to JP2022567035A priority patent/JP7497461B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227038354A priority patent/KR20220162780A/ko
Publication of WO2022142693A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142693A1/zh
Priority to US18/159,684 priority patent/US20230170592A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/045—Cells or batteries with folded plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0459—Cells or batteries with folded separator between plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/595—Tapes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular, to an electrode assembly, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • the present application provides an electrode assembly, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which can reduce the risk of short circuit and improve safety performance.
  • the present application provides an electrode assembly, which includes: at least one first pole piece, including a first main body part and a first pole lug, the first main body part has a first end in a first direction, a first A pole lug is connected to the first end; at least one second pole piece is opposite in polarity to the first pole piece, and the second pole piece includes a second main body part and a second insulating part connected to the second main body part, the first pole piece a main body part and a second main body part are arranged in layers, the lamination direction of the first main body part and the second main body part is perpendicular to the first direction, and the second main body part has a second end part close to the first tab in the first direction,
  • the second insulating portion covers at least a portion of the second end portion to separate the first tab from the second end when the first tab is bent.
  • the second insulating portion By arranging the second insulating portion in the embodiments of the present application, the risk of contacting the first tab with the second end portion during bending can be reduced, and the safety performance of the electrode assembly can be improved.
  • the second insulating part includes a second covering area and a second connecting area connected to the second covering area, the second covering area is disposed on one side of the second main body part along the first direction and covers the second end At least part of the portion, the second connection region is connected to the second body portion.
  • the second connection region is located at least partially between the first body portion and the second body portion to separate the second body portion and the first tab when the first tab is inserted between the first and second body portions.
  • the second connection area can reduce the risk of contact between the first tab and the second main body when the first tab is inserted between the first main body and the second main body, and improve safety performance.
  • two second connection regions are provided and are respectively provided on both sides of the second body portion along the stacking direction.
  • the two second connection areas can increase the connection area between the second insulating part and the second main body part, improve the connection strength between the second insulating part and the second main body part, and reduce the risk of the second insulating part falling off.
  • the ratio of the size of the second connection region in the first direction to the size of the second body portion in the first direction is 0.5%-6%.
  • the first pole piece further includes a first insulating portion, the first insulating portion includes a first covering area and a first connecting area connected to the first covering area, and the first covering area is disposed on the first body portion. One side along the first direction and covering at least part of the first end.
  • the first connection region is located at least partially between the first body portion and the second body portion and is connected to the first body portion.
  • the first insulating portion can cover at least part of the first end portion, thereby reducing the risk of burrs on the first end portion piercing the isolation membrane and improving safety performance.
  • the first pole piece is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece is a negative pole piece.
  • the edge of the second connecting region facing away from the second footprint does not exceed the edge of the first connecting region facing away from the first footprint.
  • the part of the second active material layer not covered by the second connection region can cover the part of the first active material layer not covered by the first connection region, providing more insertion space for metal ions and reducing the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • the distance between an edge of the second connection region away from the second footprint and an edge of the first connection region away from the first footprint is greater than 0.05mm, so that the part of the second active material layer that is not covered by the second connection region has a larger area, accepts more metal ions, and reduces the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • the first body portion includes a first current collecting region, a first active material layer and a first protective layer, the first active material layer is coated on the surface of the first current collecting region, and the first protective layer is coated on the surface of the first current collecting region and connected to the first active material layer.
  • the first protective layer is located on the side of the first active material layer close to the first tab along the first direction.
  • the first connection area is fixed on the first protective layer, and in a direction away from the first tab and parallel to the first direction, the edge of the first connection area away from the first coverage area does not exceed the first protective layer.
  • the first connection region does not cover the first active material layer, and the first connection region does not block the outward de-intercalation of metal ions from the first active material layer, thereby improving the cycle performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the first body portion has a third end that faces away from the first end in the first direction
  • the second body portion has a fourth end that faces away from the second end in the first direction
  • the second pole piece further includes a second pole tab connected to the second end or the fourth end.
  • the first pole piece further includes a third insulating portion connected to the first body portion and covering at least a part of the third end portion.
  • the third insulating portion can reduce the risk of burrs on the third end portion piercing the isolation membrane, thereby improving safety performance.
  • the second pole piece further includes a fourth insulating portion connected to the second body portion and covering at least a portion of the fourth end portion.
  • the fourth insulating portion can reduce the risk of burrs on the fourth end portion piercing the isolation membrane and improve safety performance.
  • the second insulating portion has a pore structure for metal ions to pass through.
  • the metal ions can pass through the second insulating part, thereby reducing the resistance of the second insulating part to the transmission of the metal ions, and helping the de-insertion and insertion of the metal ions.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a separator for separating the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the thickness of the second insulating portion is greater than the thickness of the isolation film. Compared with the isolation film, the second insulating portion has a larger thickness and strength, and is not easily pierced by burrs on the second end portion, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the present application further provides a battery cell, which includes: a casing having an accommodating cavity and an opening; at least one electrode assembly according to any embodiment of the first aspect, accommodating in the accommodating cavity; and a cover plate, Used to close the opening of the housing.
  • the present application further provides a battery, comprising: a box body; and at least one battery cell of the second aspect, wherein the battery cell is accommodated in the box body.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device configured to receive power provided from the battery of the third aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 8 taken along line A-A;
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 9 at block B;
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 9 at block C;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a first pole piece in an unfolded state according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pole piece shown in FIG. 12 along the line D-D;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a second pole piece in an unfolded state according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second pole piece shown in FIG. 14 along line E-E;
  • 16 is a schematic front view of another electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 16 taken along line F-F.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected” and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • multiple refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple sheets” refers to two or more sheets (includes two pieces).
  • parallel includes not only the case of absolute parallelism, but also the case of being approximately parallel in the conventional knowledge in engineering; meanwhile, the term “perpendicular” also includes not only the case of absolute perpendicularity, but also the case of being approximately parallel in the conventional knowledge in engineering. vertical case.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, or magnesium-ion battery cells, etc., This embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the battery cell may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square-shaped battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application may include battery modules or battery packs, and the like.
  • Batteries typically include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquids or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cells and batteries described in the embodiments of the present application are both applicable to electrical devices, and the battery cells and batteries provide electrical energy to the electrical devices.
  • the electrical device can be a mobile phone, a portable device, a notebook computer, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, etc.
  • Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric aircraft toys, etc.
  • Power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembling power tools and railway power tools Tools such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle.
  • a battery 2 , a controller 3 and a motor 4 may be arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 .
  • the battery 2 may be provided at the bottom of the vehicle 1 or at the front or rear of the vehicle.
  • the battery 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 can be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1 , for the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, for the starting, navigating and running of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1, but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 in place of or partially in place of fuel or natural gas.
  • the battery 2 may include a plurality of battery cells, wherein the plurality of battery cells may be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection, and a mixed connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be directly connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed manner.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules can be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form the battery 2 . That is to say, a plurality of battery cells can directly form the battery 2 , or a battery module can be formed first, and then the battery module can form the battery 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 2 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 2 may include a plurality of battery cells 5 .
  • the battery 2 may also include a box body (or a cover body), the inside of the box body is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 5 are accommodated in the box body.
  • the box body may include two parts, which are referred to as a first box body part 61 and a second box body part 62 respectively, and the first box body part 61 and the second box body part 62 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the first case portion 61 and the second case portion 62 may be determined according to the combined shape of the plurality of battery cells 5 , and each of the first case portion 61 and the second case portion 62 may have an opening.
  • both the first box body 61 and the second box body 62 may be hollow rectangular parallelepipeds and each has only one surface that is an open surface, the opening of the first box body 61 and the opening of the second box body 62 are disposed opposite to each other, and The first box portion 61 and the second box portion 62 are fastened together to form a box with a closed cavity.
  • a plurality of battery cells 5 are connected in parallel or in series or mixed with each other and then placed in the box formed by the first box part 61 and the second box part 62 being fastened together.
  • the battery 2 may also include other structures, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery 2 may further include a bus component (not shown in the figure), which is used to realize the electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells 5 , such as parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection.
  • the bus member may realize electrical connection between the battery cells 5 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 5 .
  • the bus members may be fixed to the electrode terminals of the battery cells 5 by welding. The electrical energy of the plurality of battery cells 5 can be further drawn out through the case through the conductive mechanism.
  • the conducting means may also belong to the bussing member.
  • the number of battery cells 5 can be set to any value.
  • a plurality of battery cells 5 can be connected in series, in parallel or in a mixed manner to achieve larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 5 included in each battery 2 may be large, in order to facilitate installation, the battery cells 5 may be arranged in groups, and each group of battery cells 5 constitutes a battery module.
  • the number of battery cells 5 included in the battery module is not limited, and can be set according to requirements.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of a battery module.
  • the battery 2 may include a plurality of battery modules, and these battery modules may be connected in series, parallel or mixed.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 5 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 5 of the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode assembly 10 , a casing 20 and an end cap assembly 30 .
  • the casing 20 has a accommodating cavity and an opening, and the electrode assembly 10 is accommodated in the accommodating cavity.
  • the casing 20 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 10.
  • the casing 20 can be a hollow cuboid, a cube or a cylinder, and one surface of the casing 20 has an opening for one or more electrode assemblies. 10 may be placed within housing 20 .
  • one of the planes of the casing 20 is an opening surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the casing 20 communicates with the inside and the outside.
  • the end cap assembly 30 includes an end cap 31, the end cap 31 covers the opening and is connected with the casing 20, thereby closing the opening of the casing 20, so that the electrode assembly 10 is placed in the closed cavity.
  • the casing 20 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolytic solution.
  • the end cap assembly 30 may further include two electrode terminals 32 , and the two electrode terminals 32 may be disposed on the end cap 31 .
  • the end cap 31 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 32 are fixed on the end cap 31 , and the two electrode terminals 32 are respectively a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • Each electrode terminal 32 is correspondingly provided with a connecting member 33 , or it can also be called a current collecting member, which is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 10 and the electrode terminal 32 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrode assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes at least one first pole piece 11 and at least one second pole piece 12 , and the polarities of the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12 are opposite.
  • the first pole piece 11 is a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece 12 is a positive pole piece
  • the first pole piece 11 is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 12 is a negative pole piece.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a plurality of first pole pieces 11 and a plurality of second pole pieces 12 , and the plurality of first pole pieces 11 and the plurality of second pole pieces 12 are alternately stacked.
  • Each first pole piece 11 includes a first main body portion 111 and a first pole lug (not shown in the figure) connected to the first main body portion 111
  • each second pole piece 12 includes a second main body portion 121 and is connected to the second pole piece 121 .
  • the second tab (not shown in the figure) of the main body part 121 .
  • the first main body parts 111 of the plurality of first pole pieces 11 and the second main body parts 121 of the plurality of second pole pieces 12 are alternately stacked, and the stacking direction of the first main body parts 111 and the second main body parts 121 is parallel to the first main body The thickness direction of the part 111 and the thickness direction of the second main body part 121 .
  • the first tab protrudes from the first main body portion 111
  • the second tab protrudes from the second main body portion 121 .
  • the first tab is used for electrical connection to one electrode terminal via one connection member
  • the second tab is used for electrical connection to the other electrode terminal via another connection member.
  • the first body portion 111 is generally flat and perpendicular to the stacking direction
  • the second body portion 121 is generally flat and perpendicular to the stacking direction, that is, the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121 are substantially parallel.
  • the electrode assembly 10 further includes a separator 13 for separating the first pole piece 11 from the second pole piece 12 .
  • a separator 13 for separating the first pole piece 11 from the second pole piece 12 .
  • there are two isolation films 13 and each isolation film 13 is zigzag reciprocatingly bent into multiple layers.
  • the isolation film 13 has electrical insulating properties, and is used to isolate the adjacent first pole pieces 11 and the second pole pieces 12 to prevent the adjacent first pole pieces 11 and the second pole pieces 12 from being short-circuited.
  • the isolation film 13 has a large number of through-holes, which can ensure the free passage of electrolyte ions and have good permeability to lithium ions. Therefore, the isolation film 13 basically cannot block the passage of lithium ions.
  • the isolation film 13 includes an isolation film base layer and a functional layer on the surface of the isolation film base layer
  • the isolation film base layer can be at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate, etc.
  • the functional layer can be a mixture layer of ceramic oxide and binder.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another electrode assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 10 of the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of first pole pieces 11 and one second pole piece 12 .
  • the second main body portion 121 of the second pole piece 12 includes a plurality of second straight portions and a plurality of second bent portions, the plurality of second straight portions are arranged in layers, and each second bent portion is connected to a phase adjacent two second straight portions.
  • the second bending portion is at least partially bent into an arc shape.
  • the second main body portion 121 is a continuous structure and is bent back and forth to form a plurality of second straight portions and a plurality of second bent portions.
  • Each first body portion 111 is disposed between two adjacent second straight portions. At this time, the stacking direction of the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121 is parallel to the stacking direction of the plurality of second straight portions.
  • the second tab (not shown in the figure) is connected to the second straight portion.
  • the second pole piece 12 includes one or more second pole tabs. In some embodiments, the number of the second tabs and the second straight portions are the same and are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another electrode assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 10 of the embodiment of the present application is of a wound structure and includes a first pole piece 11 , a second pole piece 12 and a separator 13 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12 each being one and a continuous strip structure.
  • There are two isolation films 13 which are referred to as a first isolation film and a second isolation film, respectively.
  • the first pole piece 11 , the first separator, the second pole piece 12 and the second separator are stacked in sequence, and then wound around the winding axis for more than two turns to form the electrode assembly 10 , and the electrode assembly 10 is flat. After the winding is formed, the first body portion 111 of the first pole piece 11 and the second body portion 121 of the second pole piece 12 are stacked together, and the stacking direction of the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121 is perpendicular to the winding. around the axis.
  • the first main body portion 111 includes a plurality of first straight portions and a plurality of first bent portions, the plurality of first straight portions are stacked and arranged, and the first bent portions are at least partially bent into an arc shape and are connected to the first flat portions. straight part.
  • each first bent portion connects two first straight portions.
  • the second main body portion 121 includes a plurality of second straight portions and a plurality of second bent portions, the plurality of second straight portions are stacked along the stacking direction, and the second bent portions are at least partially bent into an arc shape and connected to the first Two straight parts.
  • each second bent portion connects two second straight portions.
  • the first straight portion and the second straight portion are arranged in layers, and the first bent portion and the second bent portion are arranged in layers.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of an electrode assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly 10 shown in FIG. 8 taken along the line A-A
  • FIG. 10 is the electrode assembly 10 shown in FIG. An enlarged schematic view at block B
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view at block C of the electrode assembly 10 shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes at least one first pole piece 11 and at least one second pole piece 12 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 shown in the figure is a wound structure, and both the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12 are provided as one.
  • the first pole piece 11 includes a first body portion 111 and a first pole lug 112 extending from the first body portion 111
  • the second pole piece 12 includes a second body portion 121 and a second pole extending from the second body portion 121 . ear 122.
  • the first main body portion 111 and the second main body portion 121 are provided in layers.
  • the first main body portion 111 has two end portions oppositely arranged along the first direction X
  • the second main body portion 121 has two end portions oppositely arranged along the first direction X.
  • the two ends of the first main body portion 111 The ends are referred to as a first end 111a and a third end 111b, respectively, and the two ends of the second main body 121 are referred to as a second end 121a and a fourth end 121b.
  • the stacking direction Y of the first main body portion 111 and the second main body portion 121 is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the second end portion 121a is an end of the second main body portion 121 that is close to the first end portion 111a
  • the fourth end portion 121b is an end of the second main body portion 121 that is close to the third end portion 111b.
  • the first tab 112 is connected to the first end 111a; the second end 121a is closer to the first tab 112 in the first direction X than the fourth end 121b.
  • the second tab 122 may be connected to the second end portion 121a. In this case, the first tab 112 and the second tab 122 are located at the same position of the electrode assembly 10 along the first direction X. In other embodiments, the second tab 122 can also be connected to the fourth end 121b, in this case, the first tab 112 and the second tab 122 are located at two opposite sides of the electrode assembly 10 along the first direction X, respectively. end.
  • the first main body portion 111 includes a first current collecting region 1111 and a first active material layer 1112 , and the first active material layer 1112 is coated on the surface of the first current collecting region 1111 .
  • the first active material layer 1112 includes a first conductive agent, a first binder, and a first active material for intercalation and deintercalation of metal ions. The material of each part of the first main body part 111 is determined according to the polarity of the first pole piece 11 .
  • the material of the first collector region 1111 can be aluminum, and the first active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium Or lithium manganate, etc.; when the first pole piece 11 is a negative pole piece, the material of the first current collecting region 1111 can be copper, and the first active material can be carbon or silicon or the like.
  • the second body portion 121 includes a second current collecting region 1211 and a second active material layer 1212 , and the second active material layer 1212 is coated on the surface of the second current collecting region 1211 .
  • the second active material layer 1212 includes a second conductive agent, a second binder, and a second active material for intercalating or deintercalating metal ions. The material of each part of the second main body part 121 is determined according to the polarity of the second pole piece 12 .
  • the material of the second current collecting region 1211 can be aluminum, and the second active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium Or lithium manganate, etc.; when the second pole piece 12 is a negative pole piece, the material of the second current collecting region 1211 can be copper, and the second active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the first tab 112 is connected to the first current collecting region 1111 .
  • the first tab 112 may be integrally formed with the first current collecting area 1111 , or may be formed separately from the first current collecting area 1111 , for example, the first tab 112 is connected to the first current collecting area 1111 by welding or the like.
  • the second tab 122 is connected to the second current collecting region 1211 .
  • the second tab 122 may be integrally formed with the second current collecting area 1211 , or may be formed separately from the second current collecting area 1211 , for example, the second tab 122 is connected to the second current collecting area 1211 by welding or the like.
  • the number of the first tabs 112 is multiple and stacked together, and the number of the second tabs 122 is multiple and stacked together.
  • the first end portion 111a includes one end portion of the first current collecting area 1111 in the first direction X
  • the third end portion 111b includes the other end portion of the first current collecting area 1111 in the first direction X.
  • the second end portion 121a includes one end portion of the second current collecting area 1211 in the first direction X
  • the fourth end portion 121b includes the other end portion of the second current collecting area 1211 in the first direction X.
  • the inventors have improved the structure of the electrode assembly 10 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the second pole piece 12 further includes a second insulating portion 123 connected to the second main body portion 121 , and the second insulating portion 123 covers at least the second insulating portion 123 .
  • a portion of the end portion 121a separates the first tab 112 from the second end 121a when the first tab 112 is bent.
  • the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12 usually need to be cut during the forming process. After cutting and forming, the end of the first current collecting area 1111 and the end of the second current collecting area 1211 will produce burrs ( That is, the first end portion 111a, the second end portion 121a, the third end portion 111b and the fourth end portion 121b have burrs), which may cause the risk of the burrs piercing the isolation membrane 13 and causing a short circuit.
  • the second insulating portion 123 may cover at least part of the second end portion 121a, thereby reducing the risk of burrs piercing the isolation film 13 and improving safety performance.
  • the inventors further found that when the first tab 112 is bent, its root portion close to the first main body portion 111 may be inserted between the first main body portion 111 and the second main body portion 121 .
  • the tabs 112 are electrically connected to the second body portion 121 , causing a risk of short circuit.
  • the inventor has improved the structure of the second pole piece 12 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the second insulating part 123 includes a second covering area 1231 and a second connecting area 1232 connected to the second covering area 1231 , and the second covering area 1231 is disposed on the second main body part 121 along the first One side of the direction X and covering at least part of the second end portion 121 a , the second connection region 1232 is connected to the second main body portion 121 .
  • the second connection region 1232 is located at least partially between the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121 to separate the second body portion when the first tab 112 is inserted between the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121 121 and the first tab 112.
  • the second connection region 1232 can reduce the risk of contact between the first tab 112 and the second main body 121 when the first tab 112 is inserted between the first main body 111 and the second main body 121 , and improve safety performance.
  • two second connection regions 1232 are provided and are provided on both sides of the second body portion 121 along the stacking direction Y, respectively.
  • the second coverage area 1231 and the two second connection areas 1232 form a U-shaped structure and cover a portion of the second body portion 121 close to the first tab 112 .
  • the two second connection regions 1232 can increase the connection area between the second insulating part 123 and the second main body part 121 , improve the connection strength between the second insulating part 123 and the second main body part 121 , and reduce the second insulating part 123 Risk of falling off.
  • the second insulating portion 123 is bonded to the second body portion 121 .
  • insulating colloid may be coated on the second main body portion 121 , and the second insulating portion 123 may be formed after the insulating colloid is cured.
  • the second insulating portion 123 may be an insulating tape.
  • the thickness of the second insulating portion 123 is greater than that of the isolation film 13 .
  • the second insulating portion 123 has a larger thickness and strength, and is not easily pierced by the burrs on the second end portion 121a, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the dimension of the second connection region 1232 in the first direction X is L1 .
  • the smaller L1 is, the lower the connection strength between the second insulating portion 123 and the second body portion 121 is, and the higher the risk of the second insulating portion 123 falling off.
  • the second insulating portion 123 has higher requirements on the cladding process.
  • the larger L1 is, the larger the space occupied by the second insulating portion 123 is, and the lower the energy density of the battery cell 5 is.
  • the inventors comprehensively considered the connection strength and energy density, and set the value of L1 to 0.3mm-6mm.
  • the value of L1 is 1mm-3mm.
  • the second insulating portion 123 cannot ensure the insulating effect well.
  • the greater the thickness of the second insulating portion 123 the greater the space it occupies, and the greater the gap between the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121. When the gap between the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121 is too large, lithium precipitation is likely to occur.
  • the first main body portion 111 and the second main body portion 121 will squeeze the second connection region 1232 , and if the thickness of the second connection region 1232 is too large, the second connection region 1232 will be over squeezed.
  • the first main body part 111 and the second main body part 121 cause the risk of the first main body part 111 and the second main body part 121 being fractured.
  • the inventors have comprehensively considered that, in some embodiments, the thickness of the second insulating portion 123 is set to 0.005mm-0.2mm. Optionally, the thickness of the second insulating portion 123 is 0.02mm-0.1mm.
  • the dimension of the second main body portion 121 in the first direction X is L2.
  • the ratio of L1 to L2 is set to 0.5%-6%, that is, the size of the second connection region 1232 in the first direction X is the same as the size of the second main body portion 121 in the first direction X
  • the ratio of the dimensions above is 0.5%-6%.
  • the second insulating portion 123 has a pore structure for metal ions to pass through.
  • the metal ions can pass through the second insulating part 123 , which reduces the resistance of the second insulating part 123 to the transmission of metal ions, and facilitates the de-insertion and insertion of the metal ions.
  • the first pole piece 11 further includes a first insulating portion 113 , and the first insulating portion 113 includes a first covering area 1131 and a first connecting area 1132 connected to the first covering area 1131 .
  • the first covering area 1131 It is disposed on one side of the first main body portion 111 along the first direction X and covers at least part of the first end portion 111a.
  • the first connection area 1132 is at least partially located between the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121 and connected to the first body portion 111 .
  • the first insulating portion 113 can cover at least part of the first end portion 111a, thereby reducing the risk of burrs piercing the isolation membrane 13 and improving safety performance.
  • first connection areas 1132 there are two first connection areas 1132, and the first coverage area 1131 and the two first connection areas 1132 form a U-shaped structure.
  • the material and structure of the first insulating portion 113 and the second insulating portion 123 are the same.
  • the second tab 122 is connected to the second end 121a.
  • the first covering area 1131 can separate the second tab 122 from the first end 111a when the second tab 122 is bent, thereby reducing the risk of contact between the second tab 122 and the first main body 111 , and improving the durability of the electrode assembly 10 . safety performance.
  • the first connection area 1132 can reduce the risk of contact between the second tab 122 and the first main body 111 when the second tab 122 is inserted between the first main body 111 and the second main body 121 , thereby improving safety performance.
  • the first pole piece 11 further includes a third insulating portion 114 .
  • the third insulating portion 114 is connected to the first main body portion 111 and covers at least a part of the third end portion 111 b.
  • the third insulating portion 114 can cover at least part of the third end portion 111b, thereby reducing the risk of burrs piercing the isolation membrane 13 and improving safety performance.
  • the third insulating portion 114 includes a third coverage area 1141 and a third connection area 1142 connected to the third coverage area 1141 , and the third coverage area 1141 is disposed along the first direction X of the first body portion 111 . one side and cover at least part of the third end portion 111b.
  • the third connection area 1142 is at least partially located between the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121 and connected to the first body portion 111 .
  • the third insulating portion 114 has a U-shaped structure and includes two third connection regions 1142 , and the two third connection regions 1142 are located on two sides of the first main body portion 111 respectively.
  • the second pole piece 12 further includes a fourth insulating portion 124 connected to the second main body portion 121 and covering at least a part of the fourth end portion 121b.
  • the fourth insulating portion 124 can cover at least part of the fourth end portion 121b, thereby reducing the risk of burrs piercing the isolation membrane 13 and improving safety performance.
  • the fourth insulating portion 124 includes a fourth coverage area 1241 and a fourth connection area 1242 connected to the fourth coverage area 1241 , and the fourth coverage area 1241 is disposed along the first direction X of the second body portion 121 . one side and cover at least part of the fourth end portion 121b.
  • the fourth connection area 1242 is at least partially located between the first body portion 111 and the second body portion 121 and connected to the second body portion 121 .
  • the fourth insulating portion 124 has a U-shaped structure and includes two fourth connection regions 1242 , and the two fourth connection regions 1242 are located on two sides of the second main body portion 121 respectively.
  • the first insulating portion 113 , the third insulating portion 114 and the fourth insulating portion 124 all have a pore structure for metal ions to pass through.
  • the first pole piece 11 is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 12 is a negative pole piece.
  • the metal ions de-intercalated from the first active material layer 1112 need to be embedded in the second active material layer 1212. If the space for lithium intercalation provided by the second active material layer 1212 is insufficient, the risk of lithium deposition is likely to occur.
  • the first connection region 1132 and the second connection region 1232 can block the transmission of metal ions to a certain extent. Therefore, the metal ions are mainly extracted from the part of the first active material layer 1112 that is not covered by the first connection region 1132, and A portion of the second active material layer 1212 not covered by the second connection region 1232 is embedded.
  • the edge of the second connection area 1232 away from the second coverage area 1231 does not exceed the edge of the first connection area 1132 away from the first coverage In this way, the part of the second active material layer 1212 not covered by the second connection region 1232 can cover the part of the first active material layer 1112 not covered by the first connection region 1132, providing more metal ions It can reduce the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • an edge of the second connection region 1232 away from the second footprint 1231 and an edge of the first connection region 1132 away from the first footprint is greater than 0.05 mm, so that the part of the second active material layer 1212 not covered by the second connection region 1232 has a larger area, accepts more metal ions, and reduces the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • the first body portion 111 further includes a first protective layer 1113 , the first protective layer 1113 is coated on the surface of the first current collecting region 1111 and connected to the first active material layer 1112 , the first protective layer 1113 It is located on the side of the first active material layer 1112 that is close to the first tab 112 along the first direction X.
  • the first protective layer 1113 is an insulating layer.
  • the first protective layer 1113 includes a binder and an insulating material, and the insulating material includes at least one of aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide.
  • a second protective layer (not shown in the figure) is provided at the root of the first tab 112 near the first main body 111 , and the second protective layer can improve the proximity of the first tab 112 to the first main body 111 the insulation of the roots.
  • the first protective layer 1113 and the second protective layer are integrally formed.
  • the first tab 112 is fabricated through a cutting process.
  • the first protective layer 1113 and the second protective layer can reduce burrs at the cutting position during the cutting process of the first tab 112 .
  • the first connection region 1132 is fixed to the first protective layer 1113 , and in a direction away from the first tab 112 and parallel to the first direction X, the first connection region 1132 is away from the first coverage region 1131 The edge does not exceed the first protective layer 1113. That is to say, the first connection region 1132 does not cover the first active material layer 1112 , and the first connection region 1132 does not prevent the first active material layer 1112 from de-intercalating metal ions, thereby improving the cycle performance of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the edge of the fourth connection region 1242 facing away from the fourth footprint 1241 does not exceed the third connection region The edge of 1142 facing away from the third footprint 1141. In some embodiments, in a direction close to the first tab 112 and parallel to the first direction X, an edge of the fourth connection region 1242 facing away from the fourth coverage area 1241 and an edge of the third connection region 1142 facing away from the third coverage area The spacing of the edges of 1141 is greater than 0.05mm.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a first pole piece 11 in an unfolded state according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pole piece 11 shown in FIG. 12 taken along the line D-D.
  • the first pole piece 11 in the unfolded state, extends along its own longitudinal direction.
  • the first insulating parts 113 may be multiple, and the multiple first insulating parts 113 and the multiple first tabs 112 are alternately arranged along the length direction of the first pole piece 11 .
  • Each of the first insulating portions 113 covers a part of the first end portion 111a.
  • the third insulating portion 114 is one, and the third insulating portion 114 completely covers the third end portion 111b.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a second pole piece 12 in an unfolded state according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second pole piece 12 shown in FIG. 14 taken along the line E-E.
  • the second pole piece 12 extends along its own longitudinal direction.
  • the second insulating portion 123 may be multiple, and the multiple second insulating portions 123 and the multiple second tabs 122 are alternately arranged along the length direction of the second pole piece 12 .
  • Each of the second insulating portions 123 covers a part of the second end portion 121a.
  • the fourth insulating portion 124 is one, and the fourth insulating portion 124 completely covers the fourth end portion 121b.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic front view of another electrode assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly 10 shown in FIG. 16 taken along the line F-F.
  • the second tab 122 is connected to the fourth end 121b.
  • the third insulating portion 114 can separate the second tab 122 from the third end portion 111b when the second tab 122 is bent, thereby reducing the risk of contact between the second tab 122 and the first body portion 111 and improving the durability of the electrode assembly 10 safety performance.
  • the third insulating part 114 can also reduce the risk of contact between the second tab 122 and the first body part 111 and improve safety performance.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。本申请实施例的电极组件包括：至少一个第一极片，包括第一主体部和第一极耳，第一主体部在第一方向上具有第一端部，第一极耳连接于第一端部；至少一个第二极片，与第一极片极性相反，且第二极片包括第二主体部和连接于第二主体部的第二绝缘部，第一主体部和第二主体部层叠设置，第一主体部和第二主体部的层叠方向垂直于第一方向，第二主体部具有在第一方向上靠近第一极耳的第二端部，第二绝缘部至少覆盖第二端部的一部分以在第一极耳折弯时将第一极耳与第二端部隔开。第二绝缘部能够降低第一极耳在折弯时与第二端部接触的风险，提高电极组件的安全性能。

Description

电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年12月31日提交的名称为“电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置”的中国专利申请CN202023344172.0的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别是涉及一种电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置，其能降低短路风险，提高安全性能。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电极组件，其包括：至少一个第一极片，包括第一主体部和第一极耳，第一主体部在第一方向上具有第一端部，第一极耳连接于第一端部；至少一个第二极片，与第一极片极性相反，且第二极片包括第二主体部和连接于第二主体部的第二绝缘部，第一主体部和第二主体部层叠设置，第一主体部和第二主体部的层叠方向垂直于第一方向，第二主体部具有在第一方向上靠近第一极耳的第二端部，第二绝缘部至少覆盖第二端部的一部分以在第一极耳折弯时将第一极耳与第二端部隔开。
本申请实施例通过设置第二绝缘部，能够降低第一极耳在折弯时与第二端部接触的风险，提高电极组件的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部包括第二覆盖区和连接于第二覆盖区的第二连接区，第二覆盖区设置于第二主体部沿第一方向的一侧并覆盖第二端部的至少部分，第 二连接区连接于第二主体部。第二连接区至少部分位于第一主体部和第二主体部之间，以在第一极耳插入第一主体部和第二主体部之间时隔开第二主体部和第一极耳。第二连接区能够在第一极耳插入第一主体部和第二主体部之间时，减小第一极耳与第二主体部接触的风险，提高安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第二连接区设置为两个且分别设置于第二主体部沿层叠方向的两侧。两个第二连接区可以增大第二绝缘部与第二主体部之间的连接面积，提高第二绝缘部与第二主体部之间连接强度，降低第二绝缘部脱落的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二连接区在第一方向上的尺寸与第二主体部在第一方向上的尺寸的比值为0.5％-6％。
在一些实施例中，第一极片还包括第一绝缘部，第一绝缘部包括第一覆盖区和连接于第一覆盖区的第一连接区，第一覆盖区设置于第一主体部的沿第一方向的一侧并覆盖第一端部的至少部分。第一连接区至少部分位于第一主体部和第二主体部之间且连接于第一主体部。第一绝缘部能够覆盖第一端部的至少部分，从而降低第一端部上的毛刺刺破隔离膜的风险，提高安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第一极片为正极极片，第二极片为负极极片。在背离第一极耳且平行于第一方向的方向上，第二连接区的背离第二覆盖区的边缘不超过第一连接区的背离第一覆盖区的边缘。这样，第二活性物质层的未被第二连接区覆盖的部分能够覆盖第一活性物质层的未被第一连接区覆盖的部分，为金属离子提供更多的嵌入空间，降低析锂风险。
在一些实施例中，在背离第一极耳且平行于第一方向的方向上，第二连接区的背离第二覆盖区的边缘与第一连接区的背离第一覆盖区的边缘的间距大于0.05mm，以使第二活性物质层的未被第二连接区覆盖的部分具有更大的面积，接受更多的金属离子，降低析锂风险。
在一些实施例中，第一主体部包括第一集流区、第一活性物质层和第一保护层，第一活性物质层涂覆于第一集流区的表面，第一保护层涂覆于第一集流区的表面且连接于第一活性物质层。第一保护层位于第一活性物质层沿第一方向靠近第一极耳的一侧。第一连接区固定于第一保护层，且在背离第一极耳且平行于第一方向的方向上，第一连接区的背离第一覆盖区的边缘不超过第一保护层。第一连接区未覆盖第一活性物质层，第一连接区不会阻挡第一活性物质层向外脱嵌金属离子，改善电极组件的循环性能。
在一些实施例中，第一主体部具有在第一方向背离第一端部的第三端部，第二主体部具有在第一方向上背离第二端部的第四端部。第二极片还包括第二极耳，第二极耳连接于第二端部或第四端部。
在一些实施例中，第一极片还包括第三绝缘部，第三绝缘部连接于第一主体部且至少覆盖第三端部的一部分。第三绝缘部能够降低第三端部上的毛刺刺破隔离膜的风险，提高安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第二极片还包括第四绝缘部，第四绝缘部连接于第二主体部且至少覆盖第四端部的一部分。第四绝缘部能够降低第四端部上的毛刺刺破隔离膜的 风险，提高安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部具有用于供金属离子穿过的孔隙结构。金属离子能够穿过第二绝缘部，降低第二绝缘部对金属离子传输的阻力，有助于金属离子的脱嵌和嵌入。
在一些实施例中，电极组件还包括隔离膜，用于将第一极片和第二极片隔开。第二绝缘部的厚度大于隔离膜的厚度。相较于隔离膜，第二绝缘部具有较大的厚度和强度，不容易被第二端部上的毛刺刺破，从而降低短路风险。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种电池单体，其包括：壳体，具有容纳腔和开口；至少一个第一方面任一实施例的电极组件，容纳于容纳腔中；以及盖板，用于封闭壳体的开口。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括：箱体；至少一个第二方面的电池单体，电池单体收容于箱体内。
第四方面，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，用电装置被配置为接收从第三方面的电池提供的电力。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1为本申请一实施例的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例的一种电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例的一种电池模块示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例的一种电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一个实施例的一种电极组件的剖视示意图；
图6为本申请一个实施例的另一种电极组件的剖视示意图；
图7为本申请一个实施例的又一种电极组件的剖视示意图；
图8为本申请一个实施例的一种电极组件的正视示意图；
图9为图8所示的电极组件沿线A-A作出的剖视示意图；
图10为图9所示的电极组件在方框B处的放大示意图；
图11为图9所示的电极组件在方框C处的放大示意图；
图12为本申请一个实施例的一种第一极片在展开状态下的结构示意图；
图13为图12所示的第一极片沿线D-D作出的剖视示意图；
图14为本申请一个实施例的一种第二极片在展开状态下的结构示意图；
图15为图14所示的第二极片沿线E-E作出的剖视示意图；
图16为本申请一个实施例的另一种电极组件的正视示意图；
图17为图16所示的电极组件沿线F-F作出的剖视示意图。
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本申请中术语“平行”不仅包括绝对平行的情况，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行的情况；同时，“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体和电池均适用于用电装置，电池单体和电池向用 电装置提供电能。例如，用电装置可以是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以车辆为例进行说明
图1为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置电池2、控制器3以及马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池2。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池2可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。在电池2中，多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起。当然，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池2。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池2，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池2。
图2为本申请一个实施例的一种电池2的结构示意图。如图2所示，电池2可以包括多个电池单体5。电池2还可以包括箱体(或称罩体)，箱体内部为中空结构，多个电池单体5容纳于箱体内。如图2所示，箱体可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一箱体部61和第二箱体部62，第一箱体部61和第二箱体部62扣合在一起。第一箱体部61和第二箱体部62的形状可以根据多个电池单体5组合的形状而定，第一箱体部61和第二箱体部62可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一箱体部61和第二箱体部62均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一箱体部61的开口和第二箱体部62的开口相对设置，并且第一箱体部61和第二箱体部62相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。多个电池单体5相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一箱体部61和第二箱体部62扣合后形成的箱体内。
可选地，电池2还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池2还可以包括汇流部件(图中未示出)，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体5之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体5的电极端子实现电池单体5之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体5的电极端子。多个电池单体5的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体5的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体5可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池2中包括的电池单体5的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，可以将电池单体5分组设置，每组电池单体5组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体5的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。例如，图3为电池模块的一个示例。电池2可以包括多个电池模块，这些电池模块可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。
图4为本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体5的结构示意图。如图4所示，本申请实施例的电池单体5包括电极组件10、壳体20和端盖组件30，壳体20具有容纳腔和开口，电极组件10容纳于容纳腔中。壳体20根据一个或多个电极组件10组合后的形状而定例如，壳体20可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体20的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件10可以放置于壳体20内。例如，当壳体20为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体20的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体20内外相通。端盖组件30包括端盖31，端盖31覆盖开口并且与壳体20连接，进而封闭壳体20的开口，使电极组件10放置在封闭的腔体内。壳体20内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该端盖组件30还可以包括两个电极端子32，两个电极端子32可以设置在端盖31上。端盖31通常是平板形状，两个电极端子32固定在端盖31上，两个电极端子32分别为正电极端子和负电极端子。每个电极端子32各对应设置一个连接构件33，或者也可以称为集流构件，其用于将电极组件10和电极端子32实现电连接。
图5为本申请一个实施例的一种电极组件10的剖视示意图。如图5所示，电极组件10包括至少一个第一极片11和至少一个第二极片12，第一极片11和第二极片12的极性相反。当第一极片11为负极极片时，第二极片12为正极极片；当第一极片11为正极极片时，第二极片12为负极极片。
在一些实施例中，电极组件10包括多个第一极片11和多个第二极片12，多个第一极片11和多个第二极片12交替层叠。各第一极片11包括第一主体部111和连接于第一主体部111的第一极耳(图中未示出)，各第二极片12包括第二主体部121和连接于第二主体部121的第二极耳(图中未示出)。多个第一极片11的第一主体部111和多个第二极片12的第二主体部121交替层叠设置，第一主体部111和第二主体部121的层叠方向平行于第一主体部111的厚度方向和第二主体部121的厚度方向。第一极耳凸出于第一主体部111，第二极耳凸出于第二主体部121。第一极耳用于经由一个连接构件电连接到一个电极端子，第二极耳用于经由另一个连接构件电连接到另一个电极端子。
第一主体部111大体为平板状且垂直于层叠方向，第二主体部121大体为平板状且垂直于层叠方向，即第一主体部111和第二主体部121大体平行设置。
电极组件10还包括隔离膜13，用于将第一极片11和第二极片12隔开。在一些示例中，隔离膜13为两个，各隔离膜13以Z字形往复折弯为多层。隔离膜13具有电子绝缘性，用于隔离相邻的第一极片11和第二极片12，防止相邻的第一极片11和第二极片12短路。隔离膜13具有大量贯通的微孔，能够保证电解质离子自由通过，对 锂离子有很好的透过性，所以，隔离膜13基本上不能阻挡锂离子通过。例如，隔离膜13包括隔离膜基层和位于隔离膜基层表面的功能层，隔离膜基层可以是聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯—丙烯共聚物、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯等的至少一种，功能层可以是陶瓷氧化物和粘结剂的混合物层。
图6为本申请一个实施例的另一种电极组件10的剖视示意图。如图6所示，本申请实施例的电极组件10包括多个第一极片11和一个第二极片12。具体地，第二极片12的第二主体部121包括多个第二平直部和多个第二折弯部，多个第二平直部层叠设置，每个第二折弯部连接相邻的两个第二平直部。第二折弯部至少部分弯折为弧形。第二主体部121为连续结构且通过往复折弯以形成多个第二平直部和多个第二折弯部。每个第一主体部111设置于相邻的两个第二平直部之间。此时，第一主体部111和第二主体部121的层叠方向平行于多个第二平直部的层叠方向。
第二极耳(图中未示出)连接于第二平直部。第二极片12包括一个或多个第二极耳。在一些实施例中，第二极耳和第二平直部数量相同且一一对应设置。
图7为本申请一个实施例的又一种电极组件10的剖视示意图。如图7所示，本申请实施例的电极组件10为卷绕式结构且包括第一极片11、第二极片12和隔离膜13。
在一些实施例中，电极组件10包括第一极片11和第二极片12均为一个并且是连续的带状结构。隔离膜13为两个，分别称之为第一隔离膜和第二隔离膜。将第一极片11、第一隔离膜、第二极片12以及第二隔离膜依次层叠，然后绕卷绕轴线卷绕两圈以上形成电极组件10，并且电极组件10呈扁平状。卷绕成型后，第一极片11的第一主体部111和第二极片12的第二主体部121层叠在一起，且第一主体部111和第二主体部121的层叠方向垂直于卷绕轴线。
第一主体部111包括多个第一平直部和多个第一折弯部，多个第一平直部层叠设置，第一折弯部至少部分弯折为弧形并连接于第一平直部。可选地，每个第一折弯部连接两个第一平直部。第二主体部121包括多个第二平直部和多个第二折弯部，多个第二平直部沿层叠方向层叠，第二折弯部至少部分弯折为弧形并连接于第二平直部。可选地，每个第二折弯部连接两个第二平直部。第一平直部和第二平直部层叠设置，第一折弯部和第二折弯部层叠设置。
图8为本申请一个实施例的一种电极组件10的正视示意图；图9为图8所示的电极组件10沿线A-A作出的剖视示意图；图10为图9所示的电极组件10在方框B处的放大示意图；图11为图9所示的电极组件10在方框C处的放大示意图。
如图8至图11所示，在一些实施例中，电极组件10包括至少一个第一极片11和至少一个第二极片12。例如，图示的电极组件10为卷绕式结构，第一极片11和第二极片12均设置为一个。
第一极片11包括第一主体部111和从第一主体部111延伸出的第一极耳112，第二极片12包括第二主体部121和从第二主体部121延伸出第二极耳122。第一主体部111和第二主体部121层叠设置。第一主体部111具有沿第一方向X相对设置的两个端部，第二主体部121具有沿第一方向X相对设置的两个端部，为了便于区分，第一主体部111的两个端部分别称之为第一端部111a和第三端部111b，第二主体部121的两 个端部称之为第二端部121a和第四端部121b。其中，第一主体部111和第二主体部121的层叠方向Y垂直于第一方向X。第二端部121a为第二主体部121的靠近第一端部111a的一端，第四端部121b为第二主体部121的靠近第三端部111b的一端。
第一极耳112连接于第一端部111a；相较于第四端部121b，第二端部121a在第一方向X上更靠近第一极耳112。在一些实施例中，如图所示，第二极耳122可以连接于第二端部121a，此时，第一极耳112和第二极耳122位于电极组件10沿第一方向X的同一端；在另一些实施例中，第二极耳122也可以连接于第四端部121b，此时，第一极耳112和第二极耳122分别位于电极组件10沿第一方向X的两端。
第一主体部111包括第一集流区1111和第一活性物质层1112，第一活性物质层1112涂覆于第一集流区1111的表面。第一活性物质层1112包括第一导电剂、第一粘结剂和第一活性材料，第一活性材料用于嵌入和脱嵌金属离子。第一主体部111的各部分的材质根据第一极片11的极性确定。以锂离子电池单体为例，当第一极片11为正极极片时，第一集流区1111的材料可以为铝，第一活性材料可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等；当第一极片11为负极极片时，第一集流区1111的材料可以为铜，第一活性材料可以为碳或硅等。
第二主体部121包括第二集流区1211和第二活性物质层1212，第二活性物质层1212涂覆于第二集流区1211的表面。第二活性物质层1212包括第二导电剂、第二粘结剂和第二活性材料，第二活性材料用于嵌入或脱嵌金属离子。第二主体部121的各部分的材质根据第二极片12的极性确定。以锂离子电池单体为例，当第二极片12为正极极片时，第二集流区1211的材料可以为铝，第二活性材料可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等；当第二极片12为负极极片时，第二集流区1211的材料可以为铜，第二活性材料可以为碳或硅等。
第一极耳112连接于第一集流区1111。第一极耳112可以与第一集流区1111一体成型，也可以与第一集流区1111分体成型，例如第一极耳112通过焊接等方式连接到第一集流区1111。第二极耳122连接于第二集流区1211。第二极耳122可以与第二集流区1211一体成型，也可以与第二集流区1211分体成型，例如第二极耳122通过焊接等方式连接到第二集流区1211。
为了保证通过大电流而不出现熔断，第一极耳112的数量为多个且层叠在一起，第二极耳122的数量为多个且层叠在一起。
第一端部111a包括第一集流区1111在第一方向X上的一个端部，第三端部111b包括第一集流区1111在第一方向X上的另一个端部。第二端部121a包括第二集流区1211在第一方向X上的一个端部，第四端部121b包括第二集流区1211在第一方向X上的另一个端部。
发明人发现，在电池单体5的装配或使用过程中，由于第一极耳112较薄，第一极耳112可能会折弯，这样可能会造成第一极耳112接触第二端部121a的情况，在这种情况下，第一极耳112会与第二主体部121导通，引发短路风险。
有鉴于此，发明人对电极组件10的结构作出改进，以降低短路风险。
如图10和图11所示，在本申请实施例的电极组件10中，第二极片12还包括 连接于第二主体部121的第二绝缘部123，第二绝缘部123至少覆盖第二端部121a的一部分以在第一极耳112折弯时将第一极耳112与第二端部121a隔开。本申请实施例通过设置第二绝缘部123，能够降低第一极耳112在折弯时与第二端部121a接触的风险，提高电极组件10的安全性能。
第一极片11和第二极片12在成型的过程中通常需要经过裁切，裁切成型后，第一集流区1111的端部和第二集流区1211的端部会产生毛刺(即第一端部111a、第二端部121a、第三端部111b和第四端部121b上具有毛刺)，而这样会造成毛刺刺破隔离膜13并引发短路的风险。而在本申请中，第二绝缘部123可以覆盖第二端部121a的至少部分，从而降低毛刺刺破隔离膜13的风险，提高安全性能。
发明人进一步发现，在第一极耳112折弯时，其靠近第一主体部111的根部可能会插入到第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间，在这种情况下，第一极耳112会与第二主体部121导通，引发短路风险。有鉴于此，发明人对第二极片12的结构作出改进，以降低短路风险。具体地，在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部123包括第二覆盖区1231和连接于第二覆盖区1231的第二连接区1232，第二覆盖区1231设置于第二主体部121沿第一方向X的一侧并覆盖第二端部121a的至少部分，第二连接区1232连接于第二主体部121。第二连接区1232至少部分位于第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间，以在第一极耳112插入第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间时隔开第二主体部121和第一极耳112。第二连接区1232能够在第一极耳112插入第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间时，减小第一极耳112与第二主体部121接触的风险，提高安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第二连接区1232设置为两个且分别设置于第二主体部121沿层叠方向Y的两侧。第二覆盖区1231和两个第二连接区1232形成U形结构并包覆第二主体部121的靠近第一极耳112的一部分。两个第二连接区1232可以增大第二绝缘部123与第二主体部121之间的连接面积，提高第二绝缘部123与第二主体部121之间连接强度，降低第二绝缘部123脱落的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部123粘接于第二主体部121。在一些示例中，可以在第二主体部121涂覆绝缘胶体，绝缘胶体固化后形成第二绝缘部123。在另一些实施例中，第二绝缘部123可为绝缘胶带。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部123的厚度大于隔离膜13的厚度。相较于隔离膜13，第二绝缘部123具有较大的厚度和强度，不容易被第二端部121a上的毛刺刺破，从而降低短路风险。
第二连接区1232在第一方向X上的尺寸为L1，L1越小，第二绝缘部123与第二主体部121之间连接强度越低，第二绝缘部123脱落的风险越高。当第二绝缘部123过小时，第二绝缘部123对包覆工艺的要求较高。L1越大，第二绝缘部123占用的空间也越大，电池单体5的能量密度越低。发明人综合考虑连接强度和能量密度，将L1的值设置为0.3mm-6mm。可选地，L1的值为1mm-3mm。
第二绝缘部123的厚度越小，其强度越低，第二端部121a上的毛刺越容易刺破第二绝缘部123；当第二绝缘部123的厚度过小时，毛刺很容易刺破第二绝缘部123，不能很好地保证绝缘效果。第二绝缘部123的厚度越大，其占用的空间越大，第一主 体部111和第二主体部121之间的间隙也越大。当第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间的间隙过大时，容易造成析锂。在电池单体5的循环过程中，第一主体部111和第二主体部121会挤压第二连接区1232，第二连接区1232的厚度过大时会造成第二连接区1232过度挤压第一主体部111和第二主体部121，引发第一主体部111和第二主体部121被压裂的风险。发明人综合考虑，在一些实施例中，将第二绝缘部123的厚度设置为0.005mm-0.2mm。可选地，第二绝缘部123的厚度为0.02mm-0.1mm。
第二主体部121在第一方向X上的尺寸为L2。L2的值越大，第二主体部121在电池单体5的循环过程中的膨胀越大，第二主体部121膨胀变形时对第二绝缘部123施加的力越大，第二主体部121和第二绝缘部123分离的风险越高；L2的值越小，L1与L2的比值越大，第二绝缘部123所造成的能量损失占比越大。发明人综合考虑，在一些实施例中，将L1与L2的比值设置为0.5％-6％，即第二连接区1232在第一方向X上的尺寸与第二主体部121在第一方向X上的尺寸的比值为0.5％-6％。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部123具有用于供金属离子穿过的孔隙结构。金属离子能够穿过第二绝缘部123，降低第二绝缘部123对金属离子传输的阻力，有助于金属离子的脱嵌和嵌入。
在一些实施例中，第一极片11还包括第一绝缘部113，第一绝缘部113包括第一覆盖区1131和连接于第一覆盖区1131的第一连接区1132，第一覆盖区1131设置于第一主体部111的沿第一方向X的一侧并覆盖第一端部111a的至少部分。第一连接区1132至少部分位于第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间且连接于第一主体部111。第一绝缘部113能够覆盖第一端部111a的至少部分，从而降低毛刺刺破隔离膜13的风险，提高安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第一连接区1132为两个，第一覆盖区1131和两个第一连接区1132形成U形结构。在一些实施例中，第一绝缘部113和第二绝缘部123的材质、结构相同。
在一些实施例中，第二极耳122连接于第二端部121a。第一覆盖区1131能够在第二极耳122折弯时隔开第二极耳122和第一端部111a，降低第二极耳122和第一主体部111接触的风险，提高电极组件10的安全性能。第一连接区1132能够在第二极耳122插入第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间时，减小第二极耳122与第一主体部111接触的风险，提高安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第一极片11还包括第三绝缘部114，第三绝缘部114连接于第一主体部111且至少覆盖第三端部111b的一部分。第三绝缘部114能够覆盖第三端部111b的至少部分，从而降低毛刺刺破隔离膜13的风险，提高安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第三绝缘部114包括第三覆盖区1141和连接于第三覆盖区1141的第三连接区1142，第三覆盖区1141设置于第一主体部111的沿第一方向X的一侧并覆盖第三端部111b的至少部分。第三连接区1142至少部分位于第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间且连接于第一主体部111。在一些实施例中，第三绝缘部114为U形结构且包括两个第三连接区1142，两个第三连接区1142分别位于第一主体部111的两侧。
在一些实施例中，第二极片12还包括第四绝缘部124，第四绝缘部124连接于第二主体部121且至少覆盖第四端部121b的一部分。第四绝缘部124能够覆盖第四端部121b的至少部分，从而降低毛刺刺破隔离膜13的风险，提高安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第四绝缘部124包括第四覆盖区1241和连接于第四覆盖区1241的第四连接区1242，第四覆盖区1241设置于第二主体部121的沿第一方向X的一侧并覆盖第四端部121b的至少部分。第四连接区1242至少部分位于第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间且连接于第二主体部121。在一些实施例中，第四绝缘部124为U形结构且包括两个第四连接区1242，两个第四连接区1242分别位于第二主体部121的两侧。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘部113、第三绝缘部114以及第四绝缘部124均具有用于供金属离子穿过的孔隙结构。
在一些实施例中，第一极片11为正极极片，第二极片12为负极极片。在充电的过程中，从第一活性物质层1112脱嵌的金属离子需要嵌入到第二活性物质层1212中，如果第二活性物质层1212提供的嵌锂空间不足，容易引发析锂的风险。第一连接区1132和第二连接区1232会在一定程度上阻挡金属离子的传输，因此，金属离子主要从第一活性物质层1112的未被第一连接区1132覆盖的部分脱嵌出、并嵌入第二活性物质层1212的未被第二连接区1232覆盖的部分。在一些实施例中，在背离第一极耳112且平行于第一方向X的方向上，第二连接区1232的背离第二覆盖区1231的边缘不超过第一连接区1132的背离第一覆盖区1131的边缘，这样，第二活性物质层1212的未被第二连接区1232覆盖的部分能够覆盖第一活性物质层1112的未被第一连接区1132覆盖的部分，为金属离子提供更多的嵌入空间，降低析锂风险。
在一些实施例中，在背离第一极耳112且平行于第一方向X的方向上，第二连接区1232的背离第二覆盖区1231的边缘与第一连接区1132的背离第一覆盖区1131的边缘的间距大于0.05mm，以使第二活性物质层1212的未被第二连接区1232覆盖的部分具有更大的面积，接受更多的金属离子，降低析锂风险。
在一些实施例中，第一主体部111还包括第一保护层1113，第一保护层1113涂覆于第一集流区1111的表面且连接于第一活性物质层1112，第一保护层1113位于第一活性物质层1112沿第一方向X靠近第一极耳112的一侧。第一保护层1113为绝缘层，在一些示例中，第一保护层1113包括粘结剂和绝缘材料，绝缘材料包括三氧化二铝和羟基氧化铝中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳112靠近第一主体部111的根部设置有第二保护层(图中未示出)，第二保护层可以提高第一极耳112靠近第一主体部111的根部的绝缘性。第一保护层1113和第二保护层一体形成。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳112经由裁切工艺制成。第一保护层1113和第二保护层能够在第一极耳112的裁切工艺中，减小裁切处的毛刺。
在一些实施例中，第一连接区1132固定于第一保护层1113，且在背离第一极耳112且平行于第一方向X的方向上，第一连接区1132的背离第一覆盖区1131的边缘不超过第一保护层1113。也就是说，第一连接区1132未覆盖第一活性物质层1112，第 一连接区1132不会阻挡第一活性物质层1112向外脱嵌金属离子，改善电极组件10的循环性能。
在一些实施例中，在一些实施例中，在靠近第一极耳112且平行于第一方向X的方向上，第四连接区1242的背离第四覆盖区1241的边缘不超过第三连接区1142的背离第三覆盖区1141的边缘。在一些实施例中，在靠近第一极耳112且平行于第一方向X的方向上，第四连接区1242的背离第四覆盖区1241的边缘与第三连接区1142的背离第三覆盖区1141的边缘的间距大于0.05mm。
图12为本申请一个实施例的一种第一极片11在展开状态下的结构示意图；图13为图12所示的第一极片11沿线D-D作出的剖视示意图。
如图12和图13所示，在展开状态下，第一极片11沿自身的长度方向延伸。在一些实施例中，第一绝缘部113可为多个，多个第一绝缘部113和多个第一极耳112沿第一极片11的长度方向交替设置。各第一绝缘部113包覆第一端部111a的一部分。
在一些实施例中，第三绝缘部114为一个，第三绝缘部114完全包覆第三端部111b。
图14为本申请一个实施例的一种第二极片12在展开状态下的结构示意图；图15为图14所示的第二极片12沿线E-E作出的剖视示意图。
如图14和图15所示，在展开状态下，第二极片12沿自身的长度方向延伸。在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部123可为多个，多个第二绝缘部123和多个第二极耳122沿第二极片12的长度方向交替设置。各第二绝缘部123包覆第二端部121a的一部分。
在一些实施例中，第四绝缘部124为一个，第四绝缘部124完全包覆第四端部121b。
图16为本申请一个实施例的另一种电极组件10的正视示意图；图17为图16所示的电极组件10沿线F-F作出的剖视示意图。
如图16和图17所示，在一些实施例中，第二极耳122连接于第四端部121b。第三绝缘部114能够在第二极耳122折弯时隔开第二极耳122和第三端部111b，降低第二极耳122和第一主体部111接触的风险，提高电极组件10的安全性能。在第二极耳122插入第一主体部111和第二主体部121之间时，第三绝缘部114还能够减小第二极耳122与第一主体部111接触的风险，提高安全性能。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件，尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电极组件，包括：
    至少一个第一极片，包括第一主体部和第一极耳，所述第一主体部在第一方向上具有第一端部，所述第一极耳连接于所述第一端部；
    至少一个第二极片，与所述第一极片极性相反，且所述第二极片包括第二主体部和连接于所述第二主体部的第二绝缘部，所述第一主体部和所述第二主体部层叠设置，所述第一主体部和所述第二主体部的层叠方向垂直于所述第一方向，所述第二主体部具有在所述第一方向上靠近所述第一极耳的第二端部，所述第二绝缘部至少覆盖所述第二端部的一部分以在所述第一极耳折弯时将所述第一极耳与所述第二端部隔开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二绝缘部包括第二覆盖区和连接于所述第二覆盖区的第二连接区，所述第二覆盖区设置于所述第二主体部沿所述第一方向的一侧并覆盖所述第二端部的至少部分，所述第二连接区连接于第二主体部；
    所述第二连接区至少部分位于所述第一主体部和所述第二主体部之间，以在所述第一极耳插入所述第一主体部和所述第二主体部之间时隔开所述第二主体部和所述第一极耳。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二连接区设置为两个且分别设置于所述第二主体部沿所述层叠方向的两侧。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二连接区在所述第一方向上的尺寸与所述第二主体部在所述第一方向上的尺寸的比值为0.5％-6％。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的电极组件，其中，
    所述第一极片还包括第一绝缘部，所述第一绝缘部包括第一覆盖区和连接于所述第一覆盖区的第一连接区，所述第一覆盖区设置于所述第一主体部的沿所述第一方向的一侧并覆盖所述第一端部的至少部分；
    所述第一连接区至少部分位于所述第一主体部和所述第二主体部之间且连接于所述第一主体部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电极组件，其中，
    所述第一极片为正极极片，所述第二极片为负极极片；
    在背离所述第一极耳且平行于所述第一方向的方向上，所述第二连接区的背离所述第二覆盖区的边缘不超过所述第一连接区的背离所述第一覆盖区的边缘。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电极组件，其中，在背离所述第一极耳且平行于所述第一方向的方向上，所述第二连接区的背离所述第二覆盖区的边缘与所述第一连接区的背离所述第一覆盖区的边缘的间距大于0.05mm。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的电极组件，其中，
    所述第一主体部包括第一集流区、第一活性物质层和第一保护层，所述第一活性物质层涂覆于所述第一集流区的表面，所述第一保护层涂覆于所述第一集流区的表面且连接于所述第一活性物质层；
    所述第一保护层位于所述第一活性物质层沿所述第一方向靠近所述第一极耳的一侧；
    所述第一连接区固定于所述第一保护层，且在背离所述第一极耳且平行于所述第一方向的方向上，所述第一连接区的背离所述第一覆盖区的边缘不超过所述第一保护层。
  9. 根据权利要求5-8中任一项所述的电极组件，其中，
    所述第一主体部具有在所述第一方向背离所述第一端部的第三端部，所述第二主体部具有在所述第一方向上背离所述第二端部的第四端部；
    所述第二极片还包括第二极耳，所述第二极耳连接于所述第二端部或所述第四端部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电极组件，其中，
    所述第一极片还包括第三绝缘部，所述第三绝缘部连接于所述第一主体部且至少覆盖所述第三端部的一部分；和/或
    所述第二极片还包括第四绝缘部，所述第四绝缘部连接于所述第二主体部且至少覆盖所述第四端部的一部分。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二绝缘部具有用于供金属离子穿过的孔隙结构。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电极组件，其中，所述电极组件还包括隔离膜，用于将所述第一极片和所述第二极片隔开；
    所述第二绝缘部的厚度大于所述隔离膜的厚度。
  13. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，具有容纳腔和开口；
    至少一个如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电极组件，容纳于所述容纳腔中；以及
    盖板，用于封闭所述壳体的开口。
  14. 一种电池，包括：
    箱体；
    至少一个如权利要求13所述的电池单体，所述电池单体收容于所述箱体内。
  15. 一种用电装置，所述用电装置被配置为接收从权利要求14所述的电池提供的电力。
PCT/CN2021/127714 2020-12-31 2021-10-29 电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 WO2022142693A1 (zh)

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