WO2023092300A1 - 电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092300A1
WO2023092300A1 PCT/CN2021/132508 CN2021132508W WO2023092300A1 WO 2023092300 A1 WO2023092300 A1 WO 2023092300A1 CN 2021132508 W CN2021132508 W CN 2021132508W WO 2023092300 A1 WO2023092300 A1 WO 2023092300A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
positive
active material
material layer
sided
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PCT/CN2021/132508
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王红
林嘉
林江
刘江
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/132508 priority Critical patent/WO2023092300A1/zh
Priority to CN202180089224.2A priority patent/CN116783746A/zh
Priority to EP21965040.5A priority patent/EP4328991A1/en
Publication of WO2023092300A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092300A1/zh
Priority to US18/515,260 priority patent/US20240088447A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/045—Cells or batteries with folded plate-like electrodes
    • H01M10/0454—Cells or batteries with electrodes of only one polarity folded
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, relates to an electrode assembly, a manufacturing method and system thereof, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include nickel-cadmium battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, and the like.
  • the present application provides an electrode assembly, a manufacturing method and a manufacturing system thereof, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can increase energy density.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrode assembly, including a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive active material layer coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector, and the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode A current collector and a negative electrode active material layer coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode sheet is continuously bent and includes multiple stacked stacked sections and multiple bent sections, each bent section is used to connect two adjacent stacked sections; multiple positive pole pieces and multiple stacked sections along the first The direction is alternately stacked, and each stacked section is arranged between two adjacent positive pole pieces.
  • the outermost positive electrode sheet is configured as a single-sided electrode, and the inner side of the positive electrode current collector of the single-sided electrode is coated with a positive electrode active material layer while the outer side is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the bent section is connected to the end of the laminated section along the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; in the second direction, the single-side electrode does not exceed the bent section adjacent to the single-side electrode.
  • the outside of the single-sided electrode is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer, which can reduce the positive electrode active material and
  • the waste of the negative electrode active material increases the energy density of the electrode assembly.
  • the single-side electrode has a single-side coating structure as a whole, and the preparation process is simple and easy to realize.
  • the one-sided electrode does not exceed the bending section adjacent to the one-sided electrode in the second direction, so that the ions released from the positive electrode active material layer of the one-sided electrode can be embedded in the negative electrode active material layer as much as possible, reducing the risk of ion precipitation. Improve the safety performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the single-sided electrode does not protrude beyond the end of the adjacent stacked segment away from the bent segment in the second direction.
  • both ends of the one-sided electrode in the second direction do not exceed the negative electrode sheet, so that the ions released from the positive active material layer of the single-sided electrode can be embedded in the negative active material layer as much as possible, reducing the risk of ion precipitation , improve the safety performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the single-sided electrode does not protrude beyond the end of the adjacent bent section of the stacked section in the second direction.
  • the positive active material layer of the one-side electrode is opposite to the negative active material layer of the lamination section, and the ions released from the positive active material layer of the one-side electrode are embedded in the negative active material layer of the lamination section as much as possible.
  • the one-side electrode does not overlap with the adjacent bent section in the first direction, so that the gap between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer can be reduced, the ion transmission path can be shortened, and the risk of ion precipitation can be reduced.
  • both ends of the laminated segment exceed the positive electrode active material layer of the single-side electrode, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • both ends of the negative active material layer of the laminated section in the third direction exceed the positive active material layer of the single-side electrode, which can provide sufficient insertion space for the ions extracted from the positive active material layer of the single-side electrode, reducing the Risk of ion leaching.
  • the positive electrode sheet located between adjacent lamination segments is configured as a double-sided electrode, and both sides of the positive electrode current collector of the double-sided electrode are coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the double-sided electrodes are located between adjacent stacked sections, so that the ions released from the positive electrode active material layers on both sides of the positive electrode current collector of the double-sided electrodes are respectively embedded in the negative electrode active material layers of the corresponding stacked sections.
  • the size of the single-sided electrode along the second direction is smaller than the size of the double-sided electrode along the second direction.
  • the size of the one-sided electrode in the second direction is smaller, so that even if the one-sided electrode is warped and deformed, it can be ensured that the one-sided electrode is less likely to exceed the phase in the second direction than the double-sided electrodes.
  • Adjacent stacked segments which can reduce the requirements for positioning accuracy of electrodes on one side during assembly, and simplify the assembly process.
  • the dimension of the single-sided electrode along the third direction is smaller than the dimension of the double-sided electrode along the third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • the size of the one-sided electrode in the third direction is smaller, so that even if the one-sided electrode is warped and deformed, it can be ensured that the positive electrode active material layer of the one-sided electrode is less likely to be exposed to the third party than the double-sided electrode. Extending upward beyond the adjacent laminated sections, this can reduce the requirement on the positioning accuracy of the electrodes on one side during assembly, and simplify the assembly process.
  • the thickness of the positive current collector of the single-sided electrode is greater than the thickness of the positive current collector of the double-sided electrode.
  • the positive current collector of the single-sided electrode has a larger thickness, which can reduce the warping deformation of the single-sided electrode during the rolling process, and reduce the misalignment of the single-sided electrode during the assembly process. Ensure the safety performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the compacted density of the positive active material layer of the single-sided electrode is smaller than that of the positive active material layer of the double-sided electrode.
  • the positive electrode active material layer of the single-sided electrode has a smaller compaction density, which can reduce the pressure on the single-sided electrode during the rolling process, and reduce the stress of the single-sided electrode. Warping deformation, reducing the misalignment of electrodes on one side during the assembly process, and ensuring the safety performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the weight per unit area of the positive active material layer of the single-sided electrode is smaller than the weight per unit area of the positive active material layer of the double-sided electrode.
  • the above scheme reduces the weight per unit area of the positive active material layer of the single-sided electrode so that the compacted density of the positive active material layer of the single-sided electrode is smaller than the compacted density of the positive active material layer of the double-sided electrode, thereby reducing the weight of the positive active material layer of the single-sided electrode.
  • the warping and deformation of the electrode reduces the misalignment of the electrode on one side during the assembly process and ensures the safety performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the thickness of the positive active material layer of the single-sided electrode is greater than the thickness of the positive active material layer of the double-sided electrode.
  • the above scheme increases the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer of the one-sided electrode so that the compaction density of the positive electrode active material layer of the one-sided electrode is lower than the compaction density of the positive electrode active material layer of the double-sided electrode, thereby reducing the density of the one-sided electrode.
  • Warped deformation reduces the misalignment of electrodes on one side during the assembly process and ensures the safety performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a first separator and a second separator for insulating and isolating the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece.
  • the first spacer includes a plurality of first spacer sections arranged along the first direction, at least one first spacer section is arranged outside the single-side electrode.
  • the first isolation section arranged outside the one-side electrode can separate the one-side electrode from other structures in the battery cell, so as to improve the insulation performance and reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the second spacer includes a plurality of second spacers arranged along the first direction, and at least one second spacer is arranged outside the single-side electrode.
  • At least one first isolation section and one second isolation section are provided on the outer side of the electrode on one side, which can further improve the insulation performance and reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, comprising: the electrode assembly according to any one of the embodiments in the first aspect; and a case for accommodating the electrode assembly.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a plurality of battery cells in the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery in the third aspect, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing an electrode assembly, including:
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector;
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a plurality of stacked stacked sections and a plurality of bent sections, each bent section is used to connect two adjacent stacked sections; a plurality of positive pole pieces and a plurality of stacked sections alternate along the first direction stacked, each stacked section is set between two adjacent positive pole pieces; in the electrode assembly, the outermost positive pole piece is configured as a single-sided electrode, and the inner side of the positive electrode collector of the single-sided electrode is coated with a positive electrode The active material layer is not coated with the positive active material layer on the outside; the bent section is connected to the end of the laminated section along the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; in the second direction, the single-side electrode does not exceed the single-side electrode.
  • the bent section adjacent to the side electrode in the electrode assembly, the outermost positive pole piece is configured as a single-sided electrode, and the inner side of the positive electrode collector of the single-sided electrode is coated with a positive electrode
  • the active material layer is not coated with the positive active material layer
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a manufacturing system for an electrode assembly, including: a first providing device for providing a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive active electrode coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector The material layer; the second providing device is used to provide the negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet includes the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active material layer coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the assembly device is used to continuously bend the negative electrode electrode sheet and combine with Multiple positive pole pieces are assembled.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a plurality of stacked stacked sections and a plurality of bent sections, each bent section is used to connect two adjacent stacked sections; a plurality of positive pole pieces and a plurality of stacked sections alternate along the first direction stacking, each stacking section is arranged between two adjacent positive pole pieces.
  • the outermost positive electrode sheet is configured as a single-sided electrode, and the inner side of the positive electrode current collector of the single-sided electrode is coated with a positive electrode active material layer while the outer side is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the bent section is connected to the end of the laminated section along the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; in the second direction, the single-side electrode does not exceed the bent section adjacent to the single-side electrode.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an explosion schematic diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of an electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly shown in Figure 5 along the A-A direction;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly shown in Figure 5 along the B-B direction;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing an electrode assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an electrode assembly manufacturing system provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • parallel not only includes the situation of being absolutely parallel, but also includes the situation of roughly parallel in engineering; at the same time, “perpendicular” also includes not only the situation of being absolutely perpendicular, but also the situation of engineering Roughly vertical to conventional cognition.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium-ion secondary battery cell, a lithium-ion primary battery cell, a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell, or a magnesium-ion battery cell Body, etc., which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, etc.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly includes a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode coating area and a positive electrode tab connected to the positive electrode coating area, and the positive electrode coating area It is coated with a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode tab is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum
  • the positive electrode active material layer includes the positive electrode active material
  • the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector;
  • the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode coating area and a negative electrode tab connected to the negative electrode coating area, and the negative electrode coating area The negative electrode active material layer is coated, and the negative electrode tab is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, the negative electrode active material layer includes the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the spacer can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly usually adopts a wound structure or a laminated structure.
  • the wound-type electrode assembly the positive pole piece, the separator, and the negative pole piece are stacked in sequence and wound more than two times.
  • the laminated electrode assembly a plurality of positive electrode sheets and a plurality of negative electrode sheets are alternately stacked.
  • the wound electrode assembly is formed by winding, and the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are bent during the winding process, which will cause the active material to fall off, thereby affecting the performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece of the stacked electrode assembly are flat plate structures, which have better performance.
  • the stacking process of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet is complicated, which leads to low forming efficiency of the laminated electrode assembly.
  • the inventors tried to set the negative electrode sheet as a continuous structure and form it by continuous bending.
  • the negative pole piece is bent continuously and includes a plurality of stacked sections and a plurality of bent sections, each bent section is used to connect two adjacent stacked sections, and a plurality of positive pole pieces and a plurality of stacked sections Stack alternately.
  • the positive pole piece does not need to be bent, which can improve the performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the negative pole piece is a continuous structure, which does not require equipment to be repeatedly picked and placed, which can improve the forming efficiency of the electrode assembly.
  • each positive pole piece is inserted between two adjacent laminated sections, while negative electrode active material layers are provided on both sides of the negative pole piece, which will cause the negative pole piece
  • the waste of the outer negative electrode active material layer of the outermost lamination section affects the energy density of the electrode assembly.
  • the negative electrode sheet is a continuous structure. During the process of preparing the negative electrode sheet, the process of removing the outer negative electrode active material layer of the outermost laminated section of the negative electrode sheet is also relatively complicated.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode sheet is provided on the outside of the outermost lamination section of the negative electrode sheet, and the positive electrode sheet is coated with a positive active material layer on the inside and not coated on the outside
  • the single-side electrode of the positive active material layer can reduce the waste of active material and increase the energy density of the electrode assembly.
  • the single-side electrode has a single-side coating structure as a whole, and the preparation process is simple and easy to realize.
  • the one-side electrode does not exceed the bending section adjacent to the one-side electrode, so that the ions released from the positive electrode active material layer of the one-side electrode can be embedded in the negative electrode active material layer, reducing the risk of ion precipitation and improving The safety performance of the electrode assembly.
  • Electric devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • the electric device is taken as an example for description.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4 , the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 , for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a box body 5 and a battery cell (not shown in FIG. 2 ), and the battery cell is accommodated in the box body 5 .
  • the box body 5 is used to accommodate the battery cells, and the box body 5 may have various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 5a and a second box body part 5b, the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other, the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5a
  • the two box parts 5b jointly define an accommodating space 5c for accommodating the battery cells.
  • the second box body part 5b can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first box body part 5a is a plate-shaped structure, and the first box body part 5a covers the opening side of the second box body part 5b to form an accommodating space 5c
  • the box body 5; the first box body portion 5a and the second box body portion 5b also can be a hollow structure with one side opening, and the opening side of the first box body portion 5a is covered on the opening side of the second box body portion 5b , to form a box body 5 with an accommodating space 5c.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • a sealant such as sealant, sealing ring, etc., can also be provided between the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b. .
  • the first box part 5a covers the top of the second box part 5b
  • the first box part 5a can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box part 5b can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 there may be one or more battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the hybrid connection means that there are both series and parallel connections among the multiple battery cells.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells is accommodated in the box 5; of course, it is also possible to first connect a plurality of battery cells in series or parallel or
  • the battery modules 6 are formed by parallel connection, and multiple battery modules 6 are connected in series or in parallel or in series to form a whole, and are housed in the box body 5 .
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 3 there are multiple battery cells 7 , and the multiple battery cells 7 are connected in series, in parallel, or in parallel to form a battery module 6 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to form a whole, and accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 can be electrically connected through a confluence component, so as to realize parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 .
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 7 includes an electrode assembly 10 and a casing 20 for accommodating the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is the core component for the battery cell 7 to realize the charging and discharging function, and it includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and a separator, and the separator is used to insulate and isolate the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece.
  • the electrode assembly 10 mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to work.
  • the electrode assembly 10 can be arranged in single or in multiples. Exemplarily, in FIG. 4 , there are two electrode assemblies 10 .
  • the casing 20 is a hollow structure, and an accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 10 and electrolyte is formed inside.
  • the housing 20 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid and so on.
  • the shape of the casing 20 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 10 . For example, if the electrode assembly 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be selected; if the electrode assembly 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected.
  • the casing 20 includes a shell 21 and an end cover 22, the shell 21 is a hollow structure with one side open, the end cover 22 covers the opening of the shell 21 and forms a sealed connection, so as to form an electrode for accommodating Component 10 and a chamber for electrolyte solution.
  • the battery cell 7 further includes a positive terminal 30 and a negative terminal 40 mounted on the casing 20, the positive terminal 30 is used for electrical connection with the positive pole piece, and the negative pole terminal 40 is used for electrical connection with the negative pole piece, so as to The electrical energy of the electrode assembly 10 is exported.
  • a positive terminal 30 and a negative terminal 40 are mounted to the end cap 22 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a positive tab 1112 and a negative tab 1212 , the positive tab 1112 is used for electrical connection with the positive terminal 30 , and the negative tab 1212 is used for electrical connection with the negative terminal 40 .
  • Figure 5 is a schematic front view of the electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly shown in Figure 5 along the direction A-A
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the electrode assembly shown in Figure 5 along the direction B-B Cutaway diagram.
  • the electrode assembly 10 of the embodiment of the present application includes a positive pole piece 11 and a negative pole piece 12, and the positive pole piece 11 includes a positive current collector 111 and a positive active material coated on the surface of the positive current collector 111 layer 112 , the negative electrode sheet 12 includes a negative electrode current collector 121 and a negative electrode active material layer 122 coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 121 .
  • Negative electrode sheet 12 is bent continuously and includes multiple stacked sections 12a and multiple bent sections 12b, each bent section 12b is used to connect two adjacent stacked sections 12a; multiple positive pole pieces 11 and multiple The stacked sections 12a are alternately stacked along the first direction X, and each stacked section 12a is disposed between two adjacent positive pole pieces 11 .
  • the outermost positive electrode sheet 11 is configured as a single-sided electrode 11a, and the inner side of the positive electrode current collector 111 of the single-sided electrode 11a is coated with a positive electrode active material layer 112 and the outer side is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer 112 .
  • the bent section 12b is connected to the end of the laminated section 12a along the second direction Y, and the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X; in the second direction Y, the single-sided electrode 11a does not exceed the edge adjacent to the single-sided electrode 11a. Bending section 12b.
  • the positive electrode collector 111 includes a positive electrode coating area 1111 and a positive electrode tab 1112 connected to the positive electrode coating area 1111. At least one surface of the positive electrode coating area 1111 is coated with a positive electrode active material layer 112, and the two surfaces of the positive electrode tab 1112 are Neither was coated with the positive electrode active material layer 112 .
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector 111 may be aluminum, the positive electrode active material layer 112 includes the positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material may be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the positive tab 1112 is connected to the end of the positive coating region 1111 along a third direction Z, and the third direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.
  • the negative electrode collector 121 includes a negative electrode coating area 1211 and a negative electrode tab 1212 connected to the negative electrode coating area 1211. At least one surface of the negative electrode coating area 1211 is coated with a negative electrode active material layer 122, and the two surfaces of the negative electrode tab 1212 are Neither was coated with the negative electrode active material layer 122 .
  • the negative electrode current collector 121 may be made of copper, the negative electrode active material layer 122 includes the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the negative electrode tab 1212 is connected to the end of the negative electrode coating region 1211 along the third direction Z.
  • the negative pole piece 12 is a continuous extension structure as a whole, and is generally bent back and forth in a Z shape.
  • At least part of the bent section 12b is in a bent state.
  • the bent section 12b is in a bent state as a whole, and the bent section 12b is generally arc-shaped, such as a circular arc.
  • the bending section 12b is only partly in a bent state; specifically, the bending section 12b has an arc-shaped area and a straight area, and the arc-shaped area is bent as an arc as a whole, such as a circular arc, a flat
  • the straight zone is flat and connects the arc zone and the lamination section 12a.
  • the negative tab 1212 is connected to the lamination segment 12a.
  • a negative electrode tab 1212 is connected to each lamination segment 12a.
  • both the lamination section 12 a and the positive pole piece 11 are flat and perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the first direction X is parallel to the thickness direction of the lamination segment 12 a and the thickness direction of the positive electrode sheet 11 .
  • the number of positive pole pieces 11 is one more than the number of lamination segments 12 a , so that both ends of the electrode assembly 10 in the first direction X can be positive pole pieces 11 .
  • the two outermost positive electrode sheets 11 in the electrode assembly 10 are single-sided electrodes 11a.
  • the inner side of the positive electrode current collector 111 of the single-sided electrode 11a refers to the side of the positive electrode current collector 111 of the single-sided electrode 11a facing the laminated section 12a.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 112 inside the positive electrode current collector 111 of the one-sided electrode 11 a faces the negative electrode active material layer 122 .
  • the negative electrode active material layer 122 on the outermost lamination segment 12a of the negative electrode sheet 12 is fully utilized by setting the one-sided electrode 11a, and at the same time, the outer side of the one-sided electrode 11a is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer 112 , which can reduce the waste of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material, and improve the energy density of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the single-side electrode 11a has a single-side coating structure as a whole, and the preparation process is simple and easy to realize.
  • the one-sided electrode 11a does not exceed the bent section 12b adjacent to the one-sided electrode 11a in the second direction Y, so that the ions extracted from the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the one-sided electrode 11a can be inserted into the negative electrode active material layer 122 as much as possible , reduce the risk of ion precipitation, and improve the safety performance of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the single-sided electrode 11 a does not extend beyond the end of the adjacent stacked segment 12 a away from the bent segment 12 b in the second direction Y.
  • both ends of the single-sided electrode 11a in the second direction Y do not exceed the negative electrode sheet 12, so that the ions extracted from the positive active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a can be inserted into the negative active material as much as possible.
  • the layer 122 reduces the risk of ion separation and improves the safety performance of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the single-sided electrode 11a does not protrude beyond the end of the adjacent stacked section 12a that is close to the bent section 12b in the second direction Y.
  • the single-sided electrode 11a and the bent section 12b at least partially overlap in the first direction X.
  • Part of the ions extracted from the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the single-side electrode 11a needs to be embedded in the negative electrode active material layer 122 of the bent section 12b, and the bent section 12b is in a bent state, and the negative electrode active material layer 122 of the bent section 12b is connected to the single-sided active material layer 122.
  • the distance between the positive electrode active material layers 112 of the side electrodes 11 a is relatively large, which results in a long ion transmission path and a high risk of ion separation.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the one-sided electrode 11a is opposite to the negative electrode active material layer 122 of the laminated section 12a, and the ions released from the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a are inserted into the negative electrode of the laminated section 12a as much as possible. active material layer 122 .
  • the one-sided electrode 11a does not overlap with the adjacent bent section 12b in the first direction X, so that the gap between the positive electrode active material layer 112 and the negative electrode active material layer 122 can be reduced, the ion transmission path can be shortened, and the probability of ion precipitation can be reduced. risk.
  • the lamination segment 12a adjacent to the single-sided electrode 11a exceeds both ends of the single-sided electrode 11a in the second direction Y.
  • the negative active material layer 122 of the lamination section 12a can provide sufficient intercalation space for ions extracted from the positive active material layer 112 of the single-side electrode 11a, reducing the risk of ion extraction.
  • this embodiment can also reduce the risk of overlapping the one-sided electrode 11a and the bent section 12b in the first direction X caused by process errors.
  • the size of the lamination segment 12a adjacent to the single-sided electrode 11a along the second direction Y is larger than the size of the single-sided electrode 11a along the second direction Y.
  • both ends of the laminated segment 12a exceed the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the single-side electrode 11a, and the third direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.
  • both ends of the negative active material layer 122 of the laminated section 12a in the third direction Z are beyond the positive active material layer 112 of the single-side electrode 11a, so that the positive active material layer 112 of the single-side electrode 11a can be
  • the extracted ions provide sufficient intercalation space to reduce the risk of ion extraction.
  • the positive electrode sheet 11 located between adjacent lamination segments 12a is configured as a double-sided electrode 11b, and both sides of the positive electrode current collector 111 of the double-sided electrode 11b are coated with a positive electrode active material layer 112 .
  • the double-sided electrode 11b is located between adjacent stacked segments 12a, so that the ions extracted from the positive electrode active material layer 112 on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 111 of the double-sided electrode 11b are respectively inserted into the corresponding stacked segments 12a negative electrode active material layer 122.
  • the double-sided electrode 11 b and the negative electrode sheet 12 can be assembled first, and then the single-sided electrode 11 a can be stacked on the lamination section 12 a of the negative electrode sheet 12 .
  • the size of the single-sided electrode 11 a along the second direction Y is smaller than the size of the double-sided electrode 11 b along the second direction Y.
  • the positive active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11b is opposite to the negative active material layer 122, so that the ions extracted from the positive active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11b can be inserted into the negative active material as much as possible.
  • Layer 122 reduces the risk of ion leaching.
  • the positive electrode sheet 11 needs to be rolled to compact the active material layer of the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the positive electrode sheet 11 and increase the energy density of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the negative electrode sheet 12 also needs to be rolled.
  • the roller When rolling the positive electrode sheet 11, the roller acts on the positive active material layer 112. At this time, the positive electrode coating area 1111 is stretched under pressure, while the positive electrode tab 1112 is not pressed, which will limit the positive electrode coating area 1111. In this way, the extension of the area near the positive tab 1112 of the positive electrode coating area 1111 is small, while the extension of the area away from the positive tab 1112 of the positive electrode coating area 1111 is relatively large, which will cause the positive pole piece 11 to warp and deform. risk.
  • the thickness of the single-sided electrode 11a is smaller, and it is more prone to warping deformation.
  • the warping and deformation of the one-side electrode 11a will affect the assembly accuracy of the one-side electrode 11a, and may easily cause the risk that the one-side electrode 11a exceeds the negative electrode active material layer 122 .
  • the size of the single-sided electrode 11a in the second direction Y is smaller, so that even if the single-sided electrode 11a is warped and deformed, it can be ensured that the single-sided electrode 11a is less prone to deformation than the double-sided electrode 11b.
  • the adjacent laminated segments 12a can be exceeded, so that the requirements for the positioning accuracy of the single-side electrode 11a can be reduced during assembly, and the assembly process can be simplified.
  • the size of the single-sided electrode 11a along the third direction Z is smaller than the size of the double-sided electrode 11b along the third direction Z, and the third direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.
  • the size of the single-sided electrode 11a along the third direction Z refers to the size of the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a along the third direction Z
  • the size of the double-sided electrode 11b along the third direction Z refers to is the dimension along the third direction Z of the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11b.
  • the size of the single-side electrode 11a in the third direction Z is small, so that even if the single-side electrode 11a is warped and deformed, it can be ensured that the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the single-side electrode 11a is larger than that of the double-sided electrode 11a.
  • the side electrode 11b is less likely to exceed the adjacent stacked segment 12a in the third direction Z, which can reduce the requirement for the positioning accuracy of the single-side electrode 11a during assembly and simplify the assembly process.
  • the thickness of the positive current collector 111 of the single-sided electrode 11a is greater than the thickness of the positive current collector 111 of the double-sided electrode 11b.
  • the positive electrode current collector 111 of the single-sided electrode 11a has a larger thickness, which can reduce the deformation of the single-sided electrode 11a during the rolling process and reduce the thickness of the single-sided electrode 11a. Misalignment during assembly ensures the safety performance of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the compacted density of the positive active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a is smaller than the compacted density of the positive active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11b.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a has a smaller compaction density, which can reduce the pressure on the single-sided electrode 11a during the rolling process, reducing The warped deformation of the electrode 11 a on one side reduces the misalignment of the electrode 11 a on one side during the assembly process and ensures the safety performance of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the weight per unit area of the positive active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a is smaller than the weight per unit area of the positive active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11b.
  • the weight per unit area of the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11 b refers to the weight per unit area of the positive electrode active material layer 112 on the side of the positive electrode current collector 111 .
  • the compaction density of the positive active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a is lower than that of the positive active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11b by reducing the weight per unit area of the positive active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a. Solid density, thereby reducing the warping deformation of the one-side electrode 11a, reducing the misalignment of the one-side electrode 11a during the assembly process, and ensuring the safety performance of the electrode assembly 10.
  • the thickness of the positive active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a is greater than the thickness of the positive active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11b.
  • the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11 b refers to the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 112 on one side of the positive electrode current collector 111 .
  • the compacted density of the positive active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a is smaller than the compacted density of the positive active material layer 112 of the double-sided electrode 11b by increasing the thickness of the positive active material layer 112 of the single-sided electrode 11a. , so as to reduce the warping deformation of the single-side electrode 11a, reduce the misalignment of the single-side electrode 11a during the assembly process, and ensure the safety performance of the electrode assembly 10.
  • the electrode assembly 10 further includes a first separator 13 and a second separator 14 for insulating and isolating the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 12 .
  • the first isolation member 13 includes a plurality of first isolation segments 131 arranged along the first direction X, and at least one first isolation segment 131 is arranged outside the single-side electrode 11a.
  • the first spacer 13 is a continuous extending structure as a whole, and is generally bent back and forth in a Z shape.
  • the second spacer 14 is a continuous extending structure as a whole, and is generally bent back and forth in a Z shape.
  • the negative electrode sheet 12 can be integrally arranged between the first separator 13 and the second separator 14, so that the first separator 13 and the second separator 14 can connect the positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 12 insulation isolation.
  • the first isolation section 131 disposed outside the one-side electrode 11a can separate the one-side electrode 11a from other structures in the battery cell 7 to improve insulation performance and reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the second isolator 14 includes a plurality of second isolating sections 141 arranged along the first direction X, and at least one second isolating section 141 is arranged outside the single-side electrode 11a.
  • At least one first isolation section 131 and one second isolation section 141 are provided on the outer side of the single-side electrode 11a, which can further improve the insulation performance and reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the first isolator 13 further includes a plurality of first connecting sections 132 , and each first connecting section 132 connects two adjacent first isolating sections 131 . At least a portion of the first connecting section 132 is bent.
  • the second isolator 14 further includes a plurality of second connecting sections 142 , and each second connecting section 142 connects two adjacent second isolating sections 141 . At least a portion of the second connecting section 142 is bent.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing an electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the manufacturing method of the electrode assembly of the embodiment of the present application includes:
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector;
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a plurality of stacked stacked sections and a plurality of bent sections, each bent section is used to connect two adjacent stacked sections; a plurality of positive pole pieces and a plurality of stacked sections alternate along the first direction stacked, each stacked section is set between two adjacent positive pole pieces; in the electrode assembly, the outermost positive pole piece is configured as a single-sided electrode, and the inner side of the positive electrode collector of the single-sided electrode is coated with a positive electrode The active material layer is not coated with the positive active material layer on the outside; the bent section is connected to the end of the laminated section along the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; in the second direction, the single-side electrode does not exceed the single-side electrode.
  • the bent section adjacent to the side electrode in the electrode assembly, the outermost positive pole piece is configured as a single-sided electrode, and the inner side of the positive electrode collector of the single-sided electrode is coated with a positive electrode
  • the active material layer is not coated with the positive active material layer
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an electrode assembly manufacturing system provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a manufacturing system 90 of an electrode assembly includes:
  • the first providing device 91 is used to provide a positive electrode sheet, and the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the second providing device 92 is used to provide a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector;
  • the assembly device 93 is used to continuously bend the negative pole piece and assemble it with a plurality of positive pole pieces;
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a plurality of stacked stacked sections and a plurality of bent sections, each bent section is used to connect two adjacent stacked sections; a plurality of positive pole pieces and a plurality of stacked sections alternate along the first direction stacked, each stacked section is set between two adjacent positive pole pieces; in the electrode assembly, the outermost positive pole piece is configured as a single-sided electrode, and the inner side of the positive electrode collector of the single-sided electrode is coated with a positive electrode The active material layer is not coated with the positive active material layer on the outside; the bent section is connected to the end of the laminated section along the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; in the second direction, the single-side electrode does not exceed the single-side electrode.
  • the bent section adjacent to the side electrode in the electrode assembly, the outermost positive pole piece is configured as a single-sided electrode, and the inner side of the positive electrode collector of the single-sided electrode is coated with a positive electrode
  • the active material layer is not coated with the positive active material layer

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。本申请的电极组件包括正极极片和负极极片，正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层，负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层。负极极片连续折弯且包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各折弯段用于连接相邻的两个层叠段；多个正极极片与多个层叠段沿第一方向交替层叠，每个层叠段设置于相邻的两个正极极片之间。最外侧的正极极片被配置为单侧电极，单侧电极的正极集流体的内侧涂覆有正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层。折弯段连接于层叠段沿第二方向的端部，在第二方向上，单侧电极不超出与单侧电极相邻的折弯段。

Description

电极组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电极组件及其制造方法和制造系统、电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池技术的发展中，如何提高电池单体的能量密度，是电池技术中的一个研究方向。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电极组件及其制造方法和制造系统、电池单体、电池以及用电装置，其能提高能量密度。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电极组件，包括正极极片和负极极片，正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层，负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层。负极极片连续折弯且包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各折弯段用于连接相邻的两个层叠段；多个正极极片与多个层叠段沿第一方向交替层叠，每个层叠段设置于相邻的两个正极极片之间。在电极组件中，最外侧的正极极片被配置为单侧电极，单侧电极的正极集流体的内侧涂覆有正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层。折弯段连接于层叠段沿第二方向的端部，第二方向垂直于第一方向；在第二方向上，单侧电极不超出与单侧电极相邻的折弯段。
上述方案中，通过设置单侧电极，以充分利用负极极片最外侧的层叠段上的负极活性物质层，同时，单侧电极的外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层，这样能够减少正极活性物质和负极活性物质的浪费，提高电极组件的能量密度。单侧电极整体为单侧涂覆结构，制备工艺简单，易于实现。单侧电极在第二方向上不超出与单侧电极相邻的折弯段，这样能够使单侧电极的正极活性物质层脱出的离子尽可能地嵌入负极活性物质层，降低离子析出的风险，提高电极组件的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极在第二方向上不超出与其相邻的层叠段的背离弯折 段的端部。
上述方案中，单侧电极在第二方向上的两端均不超出负极极片，这样可以使单侧电极的正极活性物质层脱出的离子尽可能地嵌入负极活性物质层，降低离子析出的风险，提高电极组件的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极在第二方向上不超出与其相邻的层叠段的靠近弯折段的端部。
上述方案中，单侧电极的正极活性物质层与层叠段的负极活性物质层相对，单侧电极的正极活性物质层脱出的离子尽可能地嵌入层叠段的负极活性物质层。单侧电极与相邻的弯折段在第一方向上不重叠，这样可以减小正极活性物质层与负极活性物质层之间的间隙，缩短离子传输路径，降低离子析出的风险。
在一些实施例中，在第三方向上，层叠段的两端均超出单侧电极的正极活性物质层，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向。
上述方案中，层叠段的负极活性物质层在第三方向上的两端均超出单侧电极的正极活性物质层，这样可以为单侧电极的正极活性物质层脱出的离子提供充足的嵌入空间，降低离子析出风险。
在一些实施例中，位于相邻的层叠段之间的正极极片被配置为双侧电极，双侧电极的正极集流体的两侧均涂覆有正极活性物质层。
上述方案中，双侧电极位于相邻的层叠段之间，这样，双侧电极的正极集流体的两侧的正极活性物质层脱出的离子分别嵌入对应的层叠段的负极活性物质层。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极沿第二方向的尺寸小于双侧电极沿第二方向的尺寸。
上述方案中，单侧电极在第二方向上的尺寸较小，这样，即使单侧电极出现起翘变形，也能保证单侧电极相较于双侧电极更不容易在第二方向上超出相邻的层叠段，这样可以在装配时降低对单侧电极的定位精度的要求，简化装配工艺。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极沿第三方向的尺寸小于双侧电极沿第三方向的尺寸，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向。
上述方案中，单侧电极在第三方向上的尺寸较小，这样，即使单侧电极出现起翘变形，也能保证单侧电极的正极活性物质层相较于双侧电极更不容易在第三方向上超出相邻的层叠段，这样可以在装配时降低对单侧电极的定位精度的要求，简化装配工艺。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极的正极集流体的厚度大于双侧电极的正极集流体的厚度。
上述方案中，相较于双侧电极，单侧电极的正极集流体具有较大的厚度，这样可以减小单侧电极在辊压过程起翘变形，降低单侧电极在装配过程中的错位，保证电极组件的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极的正极活性物质层的压实密度小于双侧电极的正极活性物质层的压实密度。
上述方案中，相较于双侧电极，单侧电极的正极活性物质层具有较小的的压实密度，这样可以减小单侧电极在辊压过程中受到的压力，降低单侧电极的起翘变形， 减小单侧电极在装配过程中的错位，保证电极组件的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极的正极活性物质层的单位面积重量小于双侧电极的正极活性物质层的单位面积重量。
上述方案通过减小单侧电极的正极活性物质层的单位面积重量，以使单侧电极的正极活性物质层的压实密度小于双侧电极的正极活性物质层的压实密度，从而降低单侧电极的起翘变形，减小单侧电极在装配过程中的错位，保证电极组件的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极的正极活性物质层的厚度大于双侧电极的正极活性物质层的厚度。
上述方案通过增大单侧电极的正极活性物质层的厚度，以使单侧电极的正极活性物质层的压实密度小于双侧电极的正极活性物质层的压实密度，从而降低单侧电极的起翘变形，减小单侧电极在装配过程中的错位，保证电极组件的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件还包括第一隔离件和第二隔离件，用于将正极极片和负极极片绝缘隔离。第一隔离件包括多个沿第一方向设置的第一隔离段，至少一个第一隔离段设置于单侧电极的外侧。
上述方案中，设置于单侧电极的外侧的第一隔离段能够将单侧电极与电池单体中的其它结构隔开，以提高绝缘性能，降低短路风险。
在一些实施例中，第二隔离件包括多个沿第一方向设置的第二隔离段，至少一个第二隔离段设置于单侧电极的外侧。
上述方案中，单侧电极的外侧至少设置有一个第一隔离段和一个第二隔离段，这样能够进一步提高绝缘性能，降低短路风险。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括：第一方面任一实施例的电极组件；以及外壳，用于容纳电极组件。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括多个第二方面的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括第三方面的电池，电池用于提供电能。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电极组件的制造方法，包括：
提供正极极片，正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层；
提供负极极片，负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层；
将负极极片连续折弯并与多个正极极片组装；
其中，负极极片包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各折弯段用于连接相邻的两个层叠段；多个正极极片与多个层叠段沿第一方向交替层叠，每个层叠段设置于相邻的两个正极极片之间；在电极组件中，最外侧的正极极片被配置为单侧电极，单侧电极的正极集流体的内侧涂覆有正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层；折弯段连接于层叠段沿第二方向的端部，第二方向垂直于第一方向；在第二方向上，单侧电极不超出与单侧电极相邻的折弯段。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电极组件的制造系统，包括：第一提供装 置，用于提供正极极片，正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层；第二提供装置，用于提供负极极片，负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层；组装装置，用于将负极极片连续折弯并与多个正极极片组装。其中，负极极片包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各折弯段用于连接相邻的两个层叠段；多个正极极片与多个层叠段沿第一方向交替层叠，每个层叠段设置于相邻的两个正极极片之间。在电极组件中，最外侧的正极极片被配置为单侧电极，单侧电极的正极集流体的内侧涂覆有正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层。折弯段连接于层叠段沿第二方向的端部，第二方向垂直于第一方向；在第二方向上，单侧电极不超出与单侧电极相邻的折弯段。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为图2所示的电池模块的爆炸示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的正视示意图；
图6为图5所示的电极组件沿A-A方向作出的剖视示意图；
图7为图5所示的电极组件沿B-B方向作出的剖视示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的制造方法的流程示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的制造系统的示意性框图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请的实施例的描述中，“平行”不仅包括绝对平行的情况，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行的情况；同时，“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况。
本申请的实施例中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包 等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极涂覆区和连接于正极涂覆区的正极极耳，正极涂覆区涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极涂覆区和连接于负极涂覆区的负极极耳，负极涂覆区涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
在相关技术中，电极组件通常采用卷绕式结构或叠片式结构。在卷绕式的电极组件中，正极极片、隔离件、负极极片依次层叠并卷绕两圈以上。在叠片式的电极组件中，多个正极极片和多个负极极片交替层叠。
卷绕式的电极组件通过卷绕的方式形成，而正极极片和负极极片在卷绕的过程中折弯，这会引发活性物质脱落的现象，从而影响电极组件的性能。相较于卷绕式的电极组件，叠片式的电极组件的正极极片和负极极片均为平板结构，其具有更好的使用性能。然而，在叠片式的电极组件的成型过程中，正极极片和负极极片的堆叠工艺复杂，这导致叠片式的电极组件的成型效率低。
基于以上两种结构存在的问题，发明人为了平衡电极组件的使用性能和成型效率，尝试将负极极片设置为连续结构，并通过连续折弯的方式形成。具体地，负极极片连续折弯且包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各折弯段用于连接相邻的两个层叠段，多个正极极片与多个层叠段交替层叠。正极极片无需折弯，这样能够改善电极组件的性能，负极极片是连续结构，无需设备重复取放，这样可以提高电极组件的成型效率。
发明人注意到，在电极组件成型过程中，各正极极片插置在相邻的两个层叠段之间，而负极极片的两侧均设有负极活性物质层，这会导致负极极片最外侧的层叠段的外侧负极活性物质层的浪费，影响电极组件的能量密度。负极极片为连续结构，在制备负极极片的过程中，去除负极极片最外侧的层叠段的外侧负极活性物质层的工艺也比较复杂。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电极组件，其在负极极片最外侧的层叠段的外侧设置正极极片，且该正极极片为内侧涂覆有正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层的单侧电极，这样能够减少活性物质的浪费，提高电极组件的能量密度。单侧电极整体为单侧涂覆结构，制备工艺简单，易于实现。在该电极组件中，单侧电极不超出与单侧电极相邻的折弯段，这样能够使单侧电极的正极活性物质层脱出的离子能够嵌入负极活性物质层，降低离子析出的风险，提高电极组件的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体(图2未示出)，电池单体容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b相互盖合，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间5c。第二箱体部5b可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a为板状结构，第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5；第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b连接后的密封性，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的顶部，第一箱体部5a亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部5b亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6，多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为图2所示的电池模块的爆炸示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6。多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
电池模块6中的多个电池单体7之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块6中的多个电池单体7的并联或串联或混联。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图。
如图4所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体7包括电极组件10和外壳20，外壳20用于容纳电极组件10。
电极组件10为电池单体7实现充放电功能的核心部件，其包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件，隔离件用于将正极极片和负极极片绝缘隔离。电极组件10主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。
在电池单体7中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件10可设置为单个或多个。示例性地，在图4中，电极组件10为两个。
外壳20为空心结构，其内部形成用于容纳电极组件10和电解液的容纳腔。外壳20可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳20的形状可根据电极组件10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件10为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体外壳；若电极组件10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体外壳。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括壳体21和端盖22，壳体21为一侧开口的空心结构，端盖22盖合于壳体21的开口并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件10和电解液的容纳腔。
在一些实施例中，电池单体7还包括安装于外壳20的正极端子30和负极端子40，正极端子30用于与正极极片电连接，负极端子40用于与负极极片电连接，以将电极组件10的电能导出。示例性地，正极端子30和负极端子40安装于端盖22。
电极组件10包括正极极耳1112和负极极耳1212，正极极耳1112用于与正极端子30电连接，负极极耳1212用于与负极端子40电连接。
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的正视示意图；图6为图5所示的电极组件沿A-A方向作出的剖视示意图；图7为图5所示的电极组件沿B-B方向作出的剖视示意图。
如图5至图7所示，本申请实施例的电极组件10包括正极极片11和负极极片12，正极极片11包括正极集流体111和涂覆于正极集流体111表面的正极活性物质层112，负极极片12包括负极集流体121和涂覆于负极集流体121表面的负极活性物质层122。负极极片12连续折弯且包括多个层叠设置的层叠段12a和多个折弯段12b，各折弯段12b用于连接相邻的两个层叠段12a；多个正极极片11与多个层叠段12a沿第一方向X交替层叠，每个层叠段12a设置于相邻的两个正极极片11之间。在电极组件10中，最外侧的正极极片11被配置为单侧电极11a，单侧电极11a的正极集流体111的内侧涂覆有正极活性物质层112而外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层112。折弯段12b连接于层叠段12a沿第二方向Y的端部，第二方向Y垂直于第一方向X；在第二方向Y上，单侧电极11a不超出与单侧电极11a相邻的折弯段12b。
正极集流体111包括正极涂覆区1111和连接于正极涂覆区1111的正极极耳1112，正极涂覆区1111的至少一个表面涂覆有正极活性物质层112，而正极极耳1112两个表面均未涂覆正极活性物质层112。正极集流体111的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层112包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。
示例性地，正极极耳1112连接于正极涂覆区1111沿第三方向Z的端部，第三方向Z垂直于第一方向X和第二方向Y。
负极集流体121包括负极涂覆区1211和连接于负极涂覆区1211的负极极耳1212，负极涂覆区1211的至少一个表面涂覆有负极活性物质层122，而负极极耳1212两个表面均未涂覆负极活性物质层122。负极集流体121的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层122包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。
示例性地，负极极耳1212连接于负极涂覆区1211沿第三方向Z的端部。
负极极片12整体为连续延伸结构，且大体呈Z形往复折弯。
折弯段12b的至少部分处于折弯状态。在一些示例中，折弯段12b整体处于折弯状态，且折弯段12b大体呈弧形，例如可以是圆弧形。在另一些示例中，折弯段12b仅部分处于折弯状态；具体地，折弯段12b具有弧形区和平直区，弧形区整体折弯为弧形，例如可以是圆弧形，平直区呈平板状并连接弧形区和层叠段12a。
负极极耳1212连接于层叠段12a。示例性地，每个层叠段12a上均连接有负极极耳1212。
示例性地，层叠段12a和正极极片11均为平板状且垂直于第一方向X。第一方向X平行于层叠段12a的厚度方向和正极极片11的厚度方向。
正极极片11的数量比层叠段12a的数量多一个，这样，电极组件10在第一方向X的两端均可为正极极片11。
在第一方向X上，电极组件10中的两个最外侧的正极极片11均为单侧电极11a。
单侧电极11a的正极集流体111的内侧指的是单侧电极11a的正极集流体111的面向层叠段12a的一侧。单侧电极11a的正极集流体111的内侧的正极活性物质层112与负极活性物质层122相对。
在本实施例中，通过设置单侧电极11a，以充分利用负极极片12最外侧的层叠段12a上的负极活性物质层122，同时，单侧电极11a的外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层112，这样能够减少正极活性物质和负极活性物质的浪费，提高电极组件10的能量密度。单侧电极11a整体为单侧涂覆结构，制备工艺简单，易于实现。单侧电极11a在第二方向Y上不超出与单侧电极11a相邻的折弯段12b，这样能够使单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112脱出的离子尽可能地嵌入负极活性物质层122，降低离子析出的风险，提高电极组件10的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极11a在第二方向Y上不超出与其相邻的层叠段12a的背离折弯段12b的端部。
在本实施例中，单侧电极11a在第二方向Y上的两端均不超出负极极片12，这 样可以使单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112脱出的离子尽可能地嵌入负极活性物质层122，降低离子析出的风险，提高电极组件10的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极11a在第二方向Y上不超出与其相邻的层叠段12a的靠近折弯段12b的端部。
如果单侧电极11a在第二方向Y上超出与其相邻的层叠段12a的靠近折弯段12b的端部，那么单侧电极11a与折弯段12b在第一方向X上至少部分重叠。单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112脱出的一部分离子需要嵌入到折弯段12b的负极活性物质层122，而折弯段12b处于折弯状态，折弯段12b的负极活性物质层122与单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112之间的间距较大，这样导致离子传输路径较长，离子析出的风险较高。
在本实施例中，单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112与层叠段12a的负极活性物质层122相对，单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112脱出的离子尽可能地嵌入层叠段12a的负极活性物质层122。单侧电极11a与相邻的折弯段12b在第一方向X上不重叠，这样可以减小正极活性物质层112与负极活性物质层122之间的间隙，缩短离子传输路径，降低离子析出的风险。
在一些实施例中，与单侧电极11a相邻的层叠段12a在第二方向Y上超出单侧电极11a的两端。
在本实施例中，层叠段12a的负极活性物质层122可以为单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112脱出的离子提供充足的嵌入空间，降低离子析出风险。同时，本实施例还能降低因工艺误差而引发的单侧电极11a与折弯段12b在第一方向X上重叠的风险。
在一些实施例中，与单侧电极11a相邻的层叠段12a沿第二方向Y的尺寸大于单侧电极11a沿第二方向Y的尺寸。
在一些实施例中，在第三方向Z上，层叠段12a的两端均超出单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112，第三方向Z垂直于第一方向X和第二方向Y。
在本实施例中，层叠段12a的负极活性物质层122在第三方向Z上的两端均超出单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112，这样可以为单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112脱出的离子提供充足的嵌入空间，降低离子析出风险。
在一些实施例中，位于相邻的层叠段12a之间的正极极片11被配置为双侧电极11b，双侧电极11b的正极集流体111的两侧均涂覆有正极活性物质层112。
在本实施例中，双侧电极11b位于相邻的层叠段12a之间，这样，双侧电极11b的正极集流体111的两侧的正极活性物质层112脱出的离子分别嵌入对应的层叠段12a的负极活性物质层122。
在制备电极组件10时，可先将双侧电极11b和负极极片12组装在一起，然后再将单侧电极11a堆叠到负极极片12的层叠段12a上。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极11a沿第二方向Y的尺寸小于双侧电极11b沿第二方向Y的尺寸。
在制备电极组件10时，应保证双侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112与负极活性物质层122相对，以使双侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112脱出的离子能够尽可能地嵌 入负极活性物质层122，降低离子析出的风险。
在正极极片11的成型过程中，需要对正极极片11进行辊压，以将正极极片11的正极活性物质层112的活性物质层的压实，提高电极组件10的能量密度。同样地，在负极极片12的成型过程中，也需要对负极极片12进行辊压。
在辊压正极极片11时，辊轮作用在正极活性物质层112上，此时，正极涂覆区1111受压延展，而正极极耳1112不受压，其会限制正极涂覆区1111的延展，这样，正极涂覆区1111的靠近正极极耳1112的区域延展较小，而正极涂覆区1111的远离正极极耳1112的区域延展较大，这会引发正极极片11起翘变形的风险。
特别地，相对于双侧电极11b，单侧电极11a的厚度较小，其更容易出现起翘变形。单侧电极11a的起翘变形会影响单侧电极11a的装配精度，容易引发单侧电极11a超出负极活性物质层122的风险。
在本实施例中，单侧电极11a在第二方向Y上的尺寸较小，这样，即使单侧电极11a出现起翘变形，也能保证单侧电极11a相较于双侧电极11b更不容易在第二方向Y上超出相邻的层叠段12a，这样可以在装配时降低对单侧电极11a的定位精度的要求，简化装配工艺。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极11a沿第三方向Z的尺寸小于双侧电极11b沿第三方向Z的尺寸，第三方向Z垂直于第一方向X和第二方向Y。
在本实施例中，单侧电极11a沿第三方向Z的尺寸指的是单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112沿第三方向Z的尺寸，双侧电极11b沿第三方向Z的尺寸指的是双侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112沿第三方向Z的尺寸。
在本实施例中，单侧电极11a在第三方向Z上的尺寸较小，这样，即使单侧电极11a出现起翘变形，也能保证单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112相较于双侧电极11b更不容易在第三方向Z上超出相邻的层叠段12a，这样可以在装配时降低对单侧电极11a的定位精度的要求，简化装配工艺。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极11a的正极集流体111的厚度大于双侧电极11b的正极集流体111的厚度。
在本实施例中，相较于双侧电极11b，单侧电极11a的正极集流体111具有较大的厚度，这样可以减小单侧电极11a在辊压过程起翘变形，降低单侧电极11a在装配过程中的错位，保证电极组件10的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112的压实密度小于双侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112的压实密度。
正极活性物质层112的压实密度V＝S/T，S为正极活性物质层112的面密度(即正极活性物质层112的单位面积重量)，T为正极活性物质层112的厚度。
在本实施例中，相较于双侧电极11b，单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112具有较小的压实密度，这样可以减小单侧电极11a在辊压过程中受到的压力，降低单侧电极11a的起翘变形，减小单侧电极11a在装配过程中的错位，保证电极组件10的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112的单位面积重量小于双 侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112的单位面积重量。
在本实施例中，双侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112的单位面积重量指的是：正极集流体111一侧的正极活性物质层112的单位面积重量。
本实施例通过减小单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112的单位面积重量，以使单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112的压实密度小于双侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112的压实密度，从而降低单侧电极11a的起翘变形，减小单侧电极11a在装配过程中的错位，保证电极组件10的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112的厚度大于双侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112的厚度。
在本实施例中，双侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112的厚度指的是：正极集流体111一侧的正极活性物质层112的厚度。
本实施例通过增大单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112的厚度，以使单侧电极11a的正极活性物质层112的压实密度小于双侧电极11b的正极活性物质层112的压实密度，从而降低单侧电极11a的起翘变形，减小单侧电极11a在装配过程中的错位，保证电极组件10的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，电极组件10还包括第一隔离件13和第二隔离件14，用于将正极极片11和负极极片12绝缘隔离。第一隔离件13包括多个沿第一方向X设置的第一隔离段131，至少一个第一隔离段131设置于单侧电极11a的外侧。
第一隔离件13整体为连续延伸结构，且大体呈Z形往复折弯。同样地，第二隔离件14整体为连续延伸结构，且大体呈Z形往复折弯。
示例性地，负极极片12可整体设置于第一隔离件13和第二隔离件14之间，这样，第一隔离件13和第二隔离件14之能够将正极极片11和负极极片12绝缘隔离。
在本实施例中，设置于单侧电极11a的外侧的第一隔离段131能够将单侧电极11a与电池单体7中的其它结构隔开，以提高绝缘性能，降低短路风险。
在一些实施例中，第二隔离件14包括多个沿第一方向X设置的第二隔离段141，至少一个第二隔离段141设置于单侧电极11a的外侧。
在本实施例中，单侧电极11a的外侧至少设置有一个第一隔离段131和一个第二隔离段141，这样能够进一步提高绝缘性能，降低短路风险。
在一些实施例中，第一隔离件13还包括多个第一连接段132，各第一连接段132连接相邻的两个第一隔离段131。第一连接段132的至少部分呈弯折状态。
在一些实施例中，第二隔离件14还包括多个第二连接段142，各第二连接段142连接相邻的两个第二隔离段141。第二连接段142的至少部分呈弯折状态。
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的制造方法的流程示意图。
如图8所示，本申请实施例的电极组件的制造方法包括：
S100、提供正极极片，正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层；
S200、提供负极极片，负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层；
S300、将负极极片连续折弯并与多个正极极片组装；
其中，负极极片包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各折弯段用于连接相邻的两个层叠段；多个正极极片与多个层叠段沿第一方向交替层叠，每个层叠段设置于相邻的两个正极极片之间；在电极组件中，最外侧的正极极片被配置为单侧电极，单侧电极的正极集流体的内侧涂覆有正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层；折弯段连接于层叠段沿第二方向的端部，第二方向垂直于第一方向；在第二方向上，单侧电极不超出与单侧电极相邻的折弯段。
需要说明的是，通过上述电极组件的制造方法制造出的电极组件的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电极组件。
在基于上述的电极组件的制造方法制造电极组件时，不必按照上述步骤依次进行，也就是说，可以按照实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，也可以不同于实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，或者若干步骤同时执行。例如，步骤S100、S200的执行不分先后，也可以同时进行。
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的制造系统的示意性框图。
如图9所示，本申请实施例的电极组件的制造系统90包括：
第一提供装置91，用于提供正极极片，正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层；
第二提供装置92，用于提供负极极片，负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层；
组装装置93，用于将负极极片连续折弯并与多个正极极片组装；
其中，负极极片包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各折弯段用于连接相邻的两个层叠段；多个正极极片与多个层叠段沿第一方向交替层叠，每个层叠段设置于相邻的两个正极极片之间；在电极组件中，最外侧的正极极片被配置为单侧电极，单侧电极的正极集流体的内侧涂覆有正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆正极活性物质层；折弯段连接于层叠段沿第二方向的端部，第二方向垂直于第一方向；在第二方向上，单侧电极不超出与单侧电极相邻的折弯段。
通过上述制造系统制造出的电极组件的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电极组件。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电极组件，包括正极极片和负极极片，所述正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于所述正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层，所述负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于所述负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层；
    所述负极极片连续折弯且包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各所述折弯段用于连接相邻的两个所述层叠段；多个所述正极极片与多个所述层叠段沿第一方向交替层叠，每个所述层叠段设置于相邻的两个所述正极极片之间；
    在所述电极组件中，最外侧的所述正极极片被配置为单侧电极，所述单侧电极的所述正极集流体的内侧涂覆有所述正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆所述正极活性物质层；
    所述折弯段连接于所述层叠段沿第二方向的端部，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向；在所述第二方向上，所述单侧电极不超出与所述单侧电极相邻的所述折弯段。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其中，所述单侧电极在所述第二方向上不超出与其相邻的所述层叠段的背离所述弯折段的端部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电极组件，其中，所述单侧电极在所述第二方向上不超出与其相邻的所述层叠段的靠近所述弯折段的端部。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电极组件，其中，在第三方向上，所述层叠段的两端均超出所述单侧电极的所述正极活性物质层，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电极组件，其中，位于相邻的所述层叠段之间的所述正极极片被配置为双侧电极，所述双侧电极的正极集流体的两侧均涂覆有所述正极活性物质层。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电极组件，其中，所述单侧电极沿所述第二方向的尺寸小于所述双侧电极沿所述第二方向的尺寸。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电极组件，其中，所述单侧电极沿第三方向的尺寸小于所述双侧电极沿所述第三方向的尺寸，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7任一项所述的电极组件，其中，所述单侧电极的所述正极集流体的厚度大于所述双侧电极的所述正极集流体的厚度。
  9. 根据权利要求5-8任一项所述的电极组件，其中，所述单侧电极的所述正极活性物质层的压实密度小于所述双侧电极的所述正极活性物质层的压实密度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电极组件，其中，所述单侧电极的所述正极活性物质层的单位面积重量小于所述双侧电极的所述正极活性物质层的单位面积重量。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的电极组件，其中，所述单侧电极的所述正极活性物质层的厚度大于所述双侧电极的所述正极活性物质层的厚度。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电极组件，还包括第一隔离件和第二隔离件，用于将所述正极极片和所述负极极片绝缘隔离；
    所述第一隔离件包括多个沿所述第一方向设置的第一隔离段，至少一个所述第一隔离段设置于所述单侧电极的外侧。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二隔离件包括多个沿所述第一方向设置的第二隔离段，至少一个所述第二隔离段设置于所述单侧电极的外侧。
  14. 一种电池单体，包括：
    根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的电极组件；以及
    外壳，用于容纳所述电极组件。
  15. 一种电池，包括多个根据权利要求14所述的电池单体。
  16. 一种用电装置，包括根据权利要求15所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  17. 一种电极组件的制造方法，包括：
    提供正极极片，所述正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于所述正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层；
    提供负极极片，所述负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于所述负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层；
    将所述负极极片连续折弯并与多个所述正极极片组装；
    其中，所述负极极片包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各所述折弯段用于连接相邻的两个所述层叠段；多个所述正极极片与多个所述层叠段沿第一方向交替层叠，每个所述层叠段设置于相邻的两个所述正极极片之间；
    在所述电极组件中，最外侧的所述正极极片被配置为单侧电极，所述单侧电极的所述正极集流体的内侧涂覆有所述正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆所述正极活性物质层；
    所述折弯段连接于所述层叠段沿第二方向的端部，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向；在所述第二方向上，所述单侧电极不超出与所述单侧电极相邻的所述折弯段。
  18. 一种电极组件的制造系统，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供正极极片，所述正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于所述正极集流体表面的正极活性物质层；
    第二提供装置，用于提供负极极片，所述负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于所述负极集流体表面的负极活性物质层；
    组装装置，用于将所述负极极片连续折弯并与多个所述正极极片组装；
    其中，所述负极极片包括多个层叠设置的层叠段和多个折弯段，各所述折弯段用于连接相邻的两个所述层叠段；多个所述正极极片与多个所述层叠段沿第一方向交替层叠，每个所述层叠段设置于相邻的两个所述正极极片之间；
    在所述电极组件中，最外侧的所述正极极片被配置为单侧电极，所述单侧电极的所述正极集流体的内侧涂覆有所述正极活性物质层而外侧未涂覆所述正极活性物质层；
    所述折弯段连接于所述层叠段沿第二方向的端部，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向；在所述第二方向上，所述单侧电极不超出与所述单侧电极相邻的所述折弯段。
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