WO2022142348A1 - 一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022142348A1
WO2022142348A1 PCT/CN2021/111375 CN2021111375W WO2022142348A1 WO 2022142348 A1 WO2022142348 A1 WO 2022142348A1 CN 2021111375 W CN2021111375 W CN 2021111375W WO 2022142348 A1 WO2022142348 A1 WO 2022142348A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
profile
pressing mechanism
hydraulic device
straightening
fixed
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PCT/CN2021/111375
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁幸宇
滕广标
阮涛涛
陈俭
高森田
Original Assignee
广东坚美铝型材厂（集团）有限公司
佛山坚美铝业有限公司
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Application filed by 广东坚美铝型材厂（集团）有限公司, 佛山坚美铝业有限公司 filed Critical 广东坚美铝型材厂（集团）有限公司
Publication of WO2022142348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142348A1/zh
Priority to ZA2022/10166A priority Critical patent/ZA202210166B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
    • B21C35/03—Straightening the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/14—Making other products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of metal processing, in particular to a straightening and stretching device and method for complex cavity profiles.
  • Extrusion refers to a plastic processing method that uses an extrusion rod to extrude an ingot installed in an extrusion cylinder out of a specific die hole, or flows into a specific void to form a plastic processing method.
  • Common extrusion methods include forward extrusion and reverse extrusion. Press and lateral extrusion, continuous extrusion and other extrusion methods.
  • the extrusion of profiles usually adopts hot extrusion. That is, the ingot is heated to a certain temperature, and under the action of the extrusion shaft, the ingot is passed through a specific die at a certain speed, supplemented by a specific cooling method and subsequent treatment to meet the requirements of use.
  • 6063 alloy is mostly used for extrusion production of thin-walled profiles.
  • the profile material In the process of material forming, due to the difference of material wall thickness, mold, traction, cooling method, etc., the profile material usually has different degrees of bending. In order to ensure the usability of the product, the straightening process is essential.
  • the product structure will have residual internal stress of varying degrees.
  • the way to eliminate internal stress is to increase the amount of elongation and control it between 1 and 3%.
  • the purpose is to make more vacancies appear in the alloy structure and dislocations, and in the subsequent aging process, the dislocations of opposite signs cancel each other due to the motion effect, thereby eliminating the lattice distortion.
  • 80% of the internal stress is the third type of internal stress caused by lattice distortion, the reduction of lattice distortion can effectively eliminate the internal stress.
  • straightening and stretching are usually carried out simultaneously.
  • the straightening machine or the stretching machine adopts the downward pressure type.
  • Using this method is convenient for straightening and stretching of solid materials or profiles with large wall thickness.
  • the down pressure is large, the clamping section is severely deformed, and due to the effect of straightening force, the profiles are mostly concave and cannot be shaped.
  • the pads are usually installed manually before each profile is straightened. After stretching, the pads need to be manually removed, and then installed when the next profile is stretched.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a straightening and stretching device and method for a complex cavity profile, which clamps and fixes the connecting ribs of the aluminum material, and clamps the The holding position is closer to the center of the aluminum material, which can effectively straighten and stretch the cavity profile, and the deformation of the holding part is small.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a straightening and stretching device for complex cavity profiles, including a guide rail, a first hydraulic device, a main body member, a pressing mechanism, a rotating arm, a second hydraulic device, a special clamp and A third hydraulic device;
  • the first hydraulic device is fixedly connected to the guide rail through a fixed support, the first hydraulic device is connected to the main body member, the main body member is provided with a pulley, and the main body member can be subjected to the
  • the first hydraulic device is driven to move along the guide rail;
  • the second hydraulic device is arranged on the upper part of the main body member and is connected with the rotating arm;
  • the middle part of the main body member is provided with a accommodating groove, and the pressing mechanism is provided with in the accommodating groove and can swing up and down;
  • the rotating arm is fixedly connected with the pressing mechanism, and the second hydraulic device can drive the rotating arm to swing up and down, thereby driving the pressing mechanism to swing up and down;
  • the pressing mechanism There is a clamping backing plate
  • the movable chuck group includes a plurality of movable chucks, and both the movable chuck and the fixed chuck include two clamping claws arranged opposite to each other at a predetermined distance from each other.
  • the fixed collet group and the movable collet group can cooperate with each other, and the clamping and fixing of the connecting ribs in the profile cavity means that the movable collet group can translate up and down, and cooperate with the fixed set of fixing
  • the collet set clamps and fixes the connecting ribs located in the fixed collet set and the movable collet set.
  • the special clamp further includes a connecting body, the connecting body includes a disc portion and connecting claws arranged on the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides of the disc portion; the connecting claw is provided with a hydraulic chamber and a piston; the fixed collet is arranged at the front end of the connecting claw, and the movable collet is connected with the piston.
  • the pressing mechanism is connected to the main body member through a rotating shaft; the pressing mechanism is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft can rotate relative to the main body member; the rotating shaft It penetrates through the main body member, and its two ends are fixedly connected with the rotating arm.
  • the main body pressing mechanism is composed of several metal blocks, and the metal blocks are arranged facing each other at a predetermined distance from each other; the lower part of the metal blocks has an elliptical arc surface.
  • the first hydraulic mechanism, the second hydraulic mechanism and the third hydraulic mechanism are hydraulic cylinders of different sizes.
  • the elliptical arc surface and/or the clamping pad are provided with anti-skid stripes.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for straightening and stretching a complex cavity aluminum material, comprising the following steps:
  • the profile is extruded by the extruder, passed through the online cooling system, interrupted by the interruption saw, and then pulled by the tractor to the material bed of the equipment at the rear of the extrusion, and then transferred laterally to the straightening machine for straightening and stretching;
  • the third hydraulic device shall be individually controlled on the control panel of the straightening machine to extend the telescopic rod, and the special fixture shall be installed on the end of the telescopic rod.
  • the produced profiles are designed and produced), and subsequent straightening and stretching do not need to repeat this step;
  • the pressing mechanism is a two-step movement.
  • the elliptical arc surface is pressed down to the profile, so that it can just fix the profile, the third hydraulic device is activated, and the special clamp is pushed into the profile cavity.
  • the fixed chuck group clamps and fixes the connecting ribs located in the fixed chuck group and the movable chuck group, and clamps the profile; the pressing mechanism loosens the profile.
  • the fixed chuck group and the movable chuck group of the special fixture are reset, the special fixture is separated from the inner cavity of the profile, and the profile is transferred from the material bed to the sawing part of the finished product.
  • the connecting ribs are used to strengthen the surface of the cavity profiles on the one hand, and are used as connecting parts between the profiles and other components on the other hand.
  • the connecting ribs of the aluminum material are clamped and fixed by the special clamp, and the clamping position is closer to the center of the aluminum material, which can effectively straighten and stretch the cavity profile, and the deformation of the clamping part is small.
  • the fixed chuck group and the movable chuck group of the special fixture are respectively composed of several fixed chucks and movable chucks arranged at a predetermined distance from each other. The gap between the chucks is matched with the connecting ribs, which can match different types of aluminum materials Connecting ribs, suitable for a wide range.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of complex cavity profile straightening and stretching device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressing mechanism and a special clamp of a complex cavity profile straightening and stretching device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a complex cavity profile straightening and stretching device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the enlarged view of A part of Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a special clamp of a complex cavity profile straightening and stretching device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an aluminum material to be straightened in a complex cavity profile straightening and stretching device of the present invention.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a straightening and stretching device for complex cavity profiles, including a guide rail 1 , a first hydraulic device 2 , a main body member 3 , a pressing mechanism 4 , and a rotating arm 5 , a second hydraulic device 6, a special clamp 7 and a third hydraulic device 8;
  • the first hydraulic device 2 is fixedly connected to the guide rail 1 through a fixed support 9, the first hydraulic device 2 is connected to the main body member 3,
  • the main body member 3 is provided with a pulley 10, and the main body member 3 can be driven by the first hydraulic device 2 to move along the guide rail 1;
  • the second hydraulic device 6 is arranged on the upper part of the main body member 3, and connected with the rotating arm 5;
  • the middle part of the main body member 3 is provided with an accommodating groove 31, and the pressing mechanism 4 is arranged in the accommodating groove 31 and can swing up and down;
  • the rotating arm 5 and the pressing mechanism 4 Fixed connection, the second hydraulic device 6 can drive the rotating arm 5 to swing up and down, thereby driving
  • the special fixture 7 includes a set of fixed chucks 71 and a set of movable chucks 72; the set of fixed chucks 71 includes a plurality of fixed chucks 711 arranged at a predetermined distance from each other; the set of movable chucks 72 includes a plurality of movable chucks 721.
  • the fixed collet group 71 and the movable collet group 72 can cooperate with each other to clamp and fix the connecting ribs in the profile cavity.
  • the connecting ribs 14 are used to strengthen the surface of the cavity profiles on the one hand, and are used as connecting parts between the profiles and other components on the other hand.
  • the connecting rib 14 of the aluminum material is clamped and fixed by the special clamp 7, and the clamping position is closer to the center of the aluminum material, so that the cavity profile can be effectively straightened and stretched, and the deformation of the clamping part can be improved. Small. After straightening with this device, the flatness requirements can be basically met after the head and tail wastes are removed.
  • the fixed chuck group 71 and the movable chuck group 72 of the special fixture 7 are respectively composed of a plurality of fixed chucks and movable chucks arranged at a predetermined distance from each other.
  • Model aluminum connecting ribs 14 have a wide range of applications.
  • both the movable collet 721 and the fixed collet 711 include two clamping claws 73 that are disposed opposite to each other at a predetermined distance from each other.
  • the fixed collet group 71 and the movable collet group 72 can cooperate with each other, and clamping and fixing the connecting ribs 14 in the profile cavity means that the movable collet group 72 can translate up and down, and cooperate with the fixed set of fixing
  • the collet set 71 clamps and fixes the connecting ribs 14 located in the fixed collet set 71 and the movable collet set 72 .
  • the connecting ribs 14 of the aluminum material can be reliably clamped by shearing force, and the clamping is more firm.
  • the special clamp 7 further includes a connecting body 74, and the connecting body 74 includes a disc portion 741 and connecting claws 742 provided on the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides of the disc portion 741; There are a hydraulic chamber 743 and a piston 744 ; the fixed collet 711 is provided at the front end of the connecting claw 742 , and the movable collet 721 is connected with the piston 744 .
  • the hydraulic chamber 743 can push the piston 744 to translate up and down through the introduction of hydraulic oil, thereby driving the movable chuck group 72 connected thereto to translate up and down.
  • the pressing mechanism 4 is connected with the main body member 3 through a rotating shaft 12 ; the pressing mechanism 4 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 12 , and the rotating shaft 12 can rotate relative to the main body member 3 .
  • the rotating shaft 12 penetrates through the main body member 3 , and two ends of the rotating shaft 12 are fixedly connected to the rotating arm 5 . Since there are often a lot of aluminum debris in the aluminum production workshop, the above debris is easy to fall into various movable elements, hindering the movement of each movable element.
  • the push-down mechanism 4 is driven by the rotating arm 5 of the above-mentioned shape, so that the action of the push-down mechanism 4 is stable, not easily affected by debris, and meets the actual use requirements on site.
  • the pressing mechanism 4 is composed of a plurality of metal blocks 41 , and the metal blocks 41 are arranged facing each other at a predetermined distance from each other; the lower part of the metal block 41 has an elliptical arc surface 411 .
  • the interval of the metal blocks 41 can avoid the flake-like protrusions that may appear on the surface of the aluminum material, so that the pressing mechanism 4 is clamped on the force-bearing surface of the aluminum material; in addition, the pressing mechanism of the above structure is adopted 4. It can also increase the friction coefficient of the aluminum material, making the clamping more firm.
  • the first hydraulic device 2, the second hydraulic device 6 and the third hydraulic device 8 are hydraulic cylinders of different sizes.
  • the elliptical arc surface 411 and/or the clamping pad 11 are provided with anti-skid stripes 13 .
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for straightening and stretching a complex cavity aluminum material, comprising the following steps:
  • the profile is extruded by the extruder, passed through the online cooling system, interrupted by the interruption saw, and then pulled by the tractor to the material bed of the equipment at the rear of the extrusion, and then transferred laterally to the straightening machine for straightening and stretching;
  • the third hydraulic device 8 is individually controlled on the control panel of the straightening machine to extend the telescopic rod, and the special clamp 7 is installed on the end of the telescopic rod ( It is designed and manufactured for the produced profiles in advance), and subsequent straightening and stretching do not need to repeat this step;
  • the pressing mechanism 4 is a two-step movement.
  • the first step is the pressing mechanism 4.
  • the elliptical arc surface 411 of the metal block 41 is pressed down to the profile, so that it can just fix the profile, start the third hydraulic device 8, and push the special fixture 7 into the profile cavity.
  • the movable clamp of the special fixture 7 The head group 72 translates up and down, and the fixed collet group 71 that is fixedly arranged clamps and fixes the connecting ribs 14 located in the fixed collet group 71 and the movable collet group 72 to clamp the profile; the pressing mechanism 4 loosens the profile. open.
  • the special fixture 7 is detached from the inner cavity of the profile, and the profile is transferred from the material bed to the sawing part of the finished product.
  • the connecting ribs 14 are used to strengthen the surface of the cavity profiles on the one hand, and are used as connecting parts between the profiles and other components on the other hand.
  • the connecting rib 14 of the aluminum material is clamped and fixed by the special clamp 7, and the clamping position is closer to the center of the aluminum material, so that the cavity profile can be effectively straightened and stretched, and the deformation of the clamping part can be improved. Small. After straightening with this device, the flatness requirements can be basically met after the head and tail wastes are removed.
  • the fixed chuck group 71 and the movable chuck group 72 of the special fixture 7 are respectively composed of a plurality of fixed chucks and movable chucks arranged at a predetermined distance from each other.
  • Model aluminum connecting ribs 14 have a wide range of applications.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，包括导轨（1）、第一液压装置（2）、主体构件（3）、下压机构（4）、旋转臂（5）、第二液压装置（6）、专用夹具（7）和第三液压装置（8）；第二液压装置设于主体构件上部，并与旋转臂连接；旋转臂与下压机构固定连接；下压机构的下方设有与之配合的夹持垫板（11）；专用夹具与第三液压装置连接；专用夹具包括固定夹头组（71）和活动夹头组（72）；固定夹头组包括若干相互间隔预定距离设置的固定夹头（711）。还包括一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸方法。使用上述装置或方法，能够通过专用夹具将铝材的连接筋（14）夹持固定，能够对空腔型材进行有效的调直拉伸，且夹持部位变形量小。

Description

一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及金属加工领域，尤其涉及一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置及方法。
背景技术
铝加工工业中，挤压制品占据相当重要的地位，且铝合金型材生产最主要的方法就是通过挤压的方式生产。挤压是指采用挤压杆将装在挤压筒内的锭坯压出特定的模孔，或流入特定的空隙而成型的塑性加工方法，常见挤压方法有正向挤压、反向挤压及侧向挤压、连续挤压及其他挤压方式。
型材尤其是空腔型材的挤压，通常采用热挤压的方式。即将锭坯加热到一定温度，在挤压轴的作用下，以一定速度使锭坯通过特定的模具，再辅以特定的冷却方式及后续处理，达到使用要求。其中，薄壁型材多使用6063合金进行挤压生产。
材料成型过程中，因材料壁厚差距、模具、牵引、冷却方式等原因，型材出料通常会有不同程度的弯曲。为保证产品的使用性，调直工序是必不可少的。
另外，因为冷却的原因，产品组织会残余不同程度的内应力，通常消除内应力的方式是增加拉伸量，且控制在1～3％之间，目的是使合金组织内部出现较多空位及位错，并在后续时效过程中，异号位错由于运动作用相互抵消，从而消除晶格畸变。因为80％的内应力是由于晶格畸变造成的第三类内应力，因此晶格畸变的减少可以有效的消除内应力。生产过程中，为了保证生产效率以及交货效率，通常调直和拉伸同步进行。
传统挤压生产过程中，调直机或拉伸机均采用下压式。使用该方法对于实心材或壁厚大的型材的调直拉伸操作方便。但对于大空腔，且平面度要求较高的型材，不太适用，因为下压力较大，夹持段严重变形，加以调直力的作用，型材多呈面凹的现象，且无法整形。解决该问题通常采用每支型材调直前人工装上垫块的方式，拉伸完后还需手工卸下垫块，待下支型材拉伸时再装上，周 而复始，操作繁琐，劳动强度大。
发明内容
本发明实施例为了解决现有调直拉伸设备操作繁琐，劳动强度大的的技术问题，提供一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置及方法，将铝材的连接筋夹持固定，夹持位置更加接近铝材的中心，能够对空腔型材进行有效的调直拉伸，且夹持部位变形量小。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供了一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，包括导轨、第一液压装置、主体构件、下压机构、旋转臂、第二液压装置、专用夹具和第三液压装置；所述第一液压装置通过固定支承件与导轨固定连接，所述第一液压装置与所述主体构件连接，所述主体构件上设有滑轮，所述主体构件能够受所述第一液压装置驱动而沿所述导轨移动；所述第二液压装置设于所述主体构件上部，并与所述旋转臂连接；所述主体构件中部设有容纳槽，所述下压机构设于所述容纳槽中并可上下摆动；所述旋转臂与下压机构固定连接，所述第二液压装置能够驱动旋转臂上下摆动，从而带动所述下压机构上下摆动；所述下压机构的下方设有与之配合的夹持垫板，所述专用夹具设于所述下压机构和夹持垫板之间；所述专用夹具与所述第三液压装置连接，所述第三液压装置能够驱动所述专用夹具横向移动；所述专用夹具包括固定夹头组和活动夹头组；所述固定夹头组包括若干相互间隔预定距离设置的固定夹头；所述固定夹头组和活动夹头组能够相互配合，将型材空腔内的连接筋夹持固定。
作为上述方案的改进，所述活动夹头组包括若干活动夹头，所述活动夹头和固定夹头均包括相互间隔预定距离正对设置的两块夹持爪片。
作为上述方案的改进，所述固定夹头组和活动夹头组能够相互配合，将型材空腔内的连接筋夹持固定是指：所述活动夹头组能够上下平移，配合固定设置的固定夹头组将位于所述固定夹头组和活动夹头组中的连接筋夹持固定。
作为上述方案的改进，所述专用夹具还包括连接主体，所述连接主体包括圆盘部和设于所述圆盘部上下侧和左右侧的连接爪；所述连接爪内设有液压腔和活塞；所述固定夹头设于所述连接爪的前端，所述活动夹头与所述活塞连接。
作为上述方案的改进，所述下压机构通过旋转轴与所述主体构件连接；所述下压机构与所述旋转轴固定连接，所述旋转轴能够相对所述主体构件旋转； 所述旋转轴贯穿所述主体构件，其两端与所述旋转臂固定连接。
作为上述方案的改进，所述主体下压机构由若干金属块组成，所述金属块相互间隔预定距离地正对设置；所述金属块下部具有椭圆弧面。
作为上述方案的改进，所述第一液压机构、第二液压机构和第三液压机构为不同尺寸的液压缸。
作为上述方案的改进，所述椭圆弧面和/或夹持垫板上设有防滑条纹。
相应地，本发明实施例还提供了一种复杂空腔铝材调直拉伸方法，包括以下步骤：
1、型材由挤压机挤出，穿过在线冷却系统，由中断锯中断后再由牵引机牵引到达挤压后部设备料床，然后横向传输至调直机，以待调直拉伸；
2、对于空腔型材首次调直拉伸时，在调直机控制操作面板上单独控制第三液压装置，使其伸缩杆伸出，并在伸缩杆端部安装上所述专用夹具(事先针对所生产的型材设计并制作)，后续调直拉伸无需重复该步骤；
3、通过精确控制型材传输位移，使其位于前后调直机的中间部位，启动第二液压装置以驱动下压机构，下压机构为两步运动，第一步，下压机构的金属块的椭圆弧面下压至型材，使其刚好能固定住型材，启动第三液压装置，将专用夹具推进型材腔体内，第二步，专用夹具的所述活动夹头组上下平移，配合固定设置的固定夹头组将位于所述固定夹头组和活动夹头组中的连接筋夹持固定，夹紧型材；下压机构将型材松开。
4、按照工艺设定拉伸长度，启动第一液压装置，主体构件后移，使型材纵向拉伸。
5、拉伸完毕，专用夹具的固定夹头组和活动夹头组复位，专用夹具从型材内腔脱离，型材由料床传输至成品锯切处。
6、重复步骤3到5进行其它型材的调直拉伸。
实施本发明实施例，具有如下有益效果：
由于大截面的空腔型材内部常常设计有连接筋，所述连接筋一方面用于强化空腔型材表面，另一方面用于作为型材与其它部件的连接部位使用。使用上述方法，通过所述专用夹具将铝材的连接筋夹持固定，夹持位置更加接近铝材的中心，能够对空腔型材进行有效的调直拉伸，且夹持部位变形量小。使用该装置调直后，头尾废料去除后基本可以达到平面度要求。所述专用夹具的固定 夹头组和活动夹头组分别由若干相互间隔预定距离设置的固定夹头和活动夹头组成，夹头之间的间隙与连接筋匹配，能够匹配不同型号铝材的连接筋，适用范围广。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置的结构示意图；
图2是本发明一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置的下压机构和专用夹具的结构示意图；
图3是本发明一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置的剖视图；
图4是图3的A部放大图；
图5是本发明一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置的专用夹具的结构示意图；
图6是本发明一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置的待调直的铝材的截面图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。仅此声明，本发明在文中出现或即将出现的上、下、左、右、前、后、内、外等方位用词，仅以本发明的附图为基准，其并不是对本发明的具体限定。
如图1-图6所示，本发明具体实施例提供了一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，包括导轨1、第一液压装置2、主体构件3、下压机构4、旋转臂5、第二液压装置6、专用夹具7和第三液压装置8；所述第一液压装置2通过固定支承件9与导轨1固定连接，所述第一液压装置2与所述主体构件3连接，所述主体构件3上设有滑轮10，所述主体构件3能够受所述第一液压装置2驱动而沿所述导轨1移动；所述第二液压装置6设于所述主体构件3上部，并与所述旋转臂5连接；所述主体构件3中部设有容纳槽31，所述下压机构4设于所述容纳槽31中并可上下摆动；所述旋转臂5与下压机构4固定连接，所述第二液压装置6能够驱动旋转臂5上下摆动，从而带动所述下压机构4上下摆动；所述下压机构4的下方设有与之配合的夹持垫板11，所述专用夹具7设于所述下压机构4和夹持垫板11之间，所述专用夹具7与所述第三液压装置8连接，所述第三液压装置8能够驱动所述专用夹具7横向移动。
所述专用夹具7包括固定夹头组71和活动夹头组72；所述固定夹头组71包括若干相互间隔预定距离设置的固定夹头711；所述活动夹头组72包括若干活动夹头721。所述固定夹头组71和活动夹头组72能够相互配合，将型材空腔内的连接筋夹持固定。
由于大截面的空腔型材内部常常设计有连接筋14，所述连接筋14一方面用于强化空腔型材表面，另一方面用于作为型材与其它部件的连接部位使用。使用上述方法，通过所述专用夹具7将铝材的连接筋14夹持固定，夹持位置更加接近铝材的中心，能够对空腔型材进行有效的调直拉伸，且夹持部位变形量小。使用该装置调直后，头尾废料去除后基本可以达到平面度要求。所述专用夹具7的固定夹头组71和活动夹头组72分别由若干相互间隔预定距离设置的固定夹头和活动夹头组成，夹头之间的间隙与连接筋14匹配，能够匹配不同型号铝材的连接筋14，适用范围广。
优选地，所述活动夹头721和固定夹头711均包括相互间隔预定距离正对设置的两块夹持爪片73。
其中，所述固定夹头组71和活动夹头组72能够相互配合，将型材空腔内的连接筋14夹持固定是指：所述活动夹头组72能够上下平移，配合固定设置的固定夹头组71将位于所述固定夹头组71和活动夹头组72中的连接筋14夹持固定。通过相对平移的方式，能够通过剪切力将铝材的连接筋14可靠夹持，夹持更加牢固。
具体地，所述专用夹具7还包括连接主体74，所述连接主体74包括圆盘部741和设于所述圆盘部741上下侧和左右侧的连接爪742；所述连接爪742内设有液压腔743和活塞744；所述固定夹头711设于所述连接爪742的前端，所述活动夹头721与所述活塞744连接。所述液压腔743通过通入液压油，能够推动活塞744上下平移，从而带动与其连接的活动夹头组72上下平移。
其中，所述下压机构4通过旋转轴12与所述主体构件3连接；所述下压机构4与所述旋转轴12固定连接，所述旋转轴12能够相对所述主体构件3旋转。所述旋转轴12贯穿所述主体构件3，其两端与所述旋转臂5固定连接。由于铝材生产车间常常存在较多的铝材碎屑，上述碎屑容易落入各种活动元件中，阻碍各个活动元件的运动。通过上述形状的旋转臂5驱动所述下压机构4，下压机构4的活动稳定，不容易受碎屑的影响，满足现场的实际使用需求。
优选地，所述下压机构4由若干金属块41组成，所述金属块41相互间隔预定距离地正对设置；所述金属块41下部具有椭圆弧面411。采用上述结构，所述金属块41的间隔可以避开铝材表面可能出现的薄片状凸起，使下压机构4夹持在铝材的受力表面上；另外，采用上述结构的下压机构4，也能够增大对铝材的摩擦系数，使夹持更加牢固。
优选地，所述第一液压装置2、第二液压装置6和第三液压装置8为不同尺寸的液压缸。
优选地，为了提升下压机构4和/或夹持垫板11的摩擦系数，所述椭圆弧面411和/或夹持垫板11上设有防滑条纹13。
本发明具体实施例还提供了一种复杂空腔铝材调直拉伸方法，包括以下步骤：
1、型材由挤压机挤出，穿过在线冷却系统，由中断锯中断后再由牵引机牵引到达挤压后部设备料床，然后横向传输至调直机，以待调直拉伸；
2、对于空腔型材首次调直拉伸时，在调直机控制操作面板上单独控制第三液压装置8，使其伸缩杆伸出，并在伸缩杆端部安装上所述专用夹具7(事先针对所生产的型材设计并制作)，后续调直拉伸无需重复该步骤；
3、通过精确控制型材传输位移，使其位于前后调直机的中间部位，启动第二液压装置6以驱动下压机构4，下压机构4为两步运动，第一步，下压机构4的金属块41的椭圆弧面411下压至型材，使其刚好能固定住型材，启动第三液压装置8，将专用夹具7推进型材腔体内，第二步，专用夹具7的所述活动夹头组72上下平移，配合固定设置的固定夹头组71将位于所述固定夹头组71和活动夹头组72中的连接筋14夹持固定，夹紧型材；下压机构4将型材松开。
4、按照工艺设定拉伸长度，启动第一液压装置2，主体构件3后移，使型材纵向拉伸。
5、拉伸完毕，专用夹具7的固定夹头组71和活动夹头组72复位，专用夹具7从型材内腔脱离，型材由料床传输至成品锯切处。
6、重复步骤3到5进行其它型材的调直拉伸。
由于大截面的空腔型材内部常常设计有连接筋14，所述连接筋14一方面用于强化空腔型材表面，另一方面用于作为型材与其它部件的连接部位使用。使用上述方法，通过所述专用夹具7将铝材的连接筋14夹持固定，夹持位置更加 接近铝材的中心，能够对空腔型材进行有效的调直拉伸，且夹持部位变形量小。使用该装置调直后，头尾废料去除后基本可以达到平面度要求。所述专用夹具7的固定夹头组71和活动夹头组72分别由若干相互间隔预定距离设置的固定夹头和活动夹头组成，夹头之间的间隙与连接筋14匹配，能够匹配不同型号铝材的连接筋14，适用范围广。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，其特征在于，包括导轨、第一液压装置、主体构件、下压机构、旋转臂、第二液压装置、专用夹具和第三液压装置；
    所述第一液压装置通过固定支承件与导轨固定连接，所述第一液压装置与所述主体构件连接，所述主体构件上设有滑轮，所述主体构件能够受所述第一液压装置驱动而沿所述导轨移动；
    所述第二液压装置设于所述主体构件上部，并与所述旋转臂连接；
    所述主体构件中部设有容纳槽，所述下压机构设于所述容纳槽中并可上下摆动；
    所述旋转臂与下压机构固定连接，所述第二液压装置能够驱动旋转臂上下摆动，从而带动所述下压机构上下摆动；
    所述下压机构的下方设有与之配合的夹持垫板，所述专用夹具设于所述下压机构和夹持垫板之间；
    所述专用夹具与所述第三液压装置连接，所述第三液压装置能够驱动所述专用夹具横向移动；
    所述专用夹具包括固定夹头组和活动夹头组；
    所述固定夹头组包括若干相互间隔预定距离设置的固定夹头；
    所述固定夹头组和活动夹头组能够相互配合，将型材空腔内的连接筋夹持固定。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，其特征在于，所述活动夹头组包括若干活动夹头，所述活动夹头和固定夹头均包括相互间隔预定距离正对设置的两块夹持爪片。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，其特征在于，所述固定夹头组和活动夹头组能够相互配合，将型材空腔内的连接筋夹持固定是指：所述活动夹头组能够上下平移，配合固定设置的固定夹头组将位于所述固定夹头组和活动夹头组中的连接筋夹持固定。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，其特征在于，所述专用夹具还包括连接主体，所述连接主体包括圆盘部和设于所述圆盘部上下侧和左右侧的连接爪；所述连接爪内设有液压腔和活塞；所述固定夹头设于所述连接爪的前端，所述活动夹头与所述活塞连接。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，其特征在于，所述下压机构通过旋转轴与所述主体构件连接；所述下压机构与所述旋转轴固定连接，所述旋转轴能够相对所述主体构件旋转；所述旋转轴贯穿所述主体构件，其两端与所述旋转臂固定连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，其特征在于，所述主体下压机构由若干金属块组成，所述金属块相互间隔预定距离地正对设置；所述金属块下部具有椭圆弧面。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，其特征在于，所述第一液压机构、第二液压机构和第三液压机构为不同尺寸的液压缸。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置，其特征在于，所述椭圆弧面和/或夹持垫板上设有防滑条纹。
  9. 一种复杂空腔型材调直拉伸方法，其特征在于，其采用如权利要求1-8所述的复杂空腔型材调直拉伸装置对铝材进行整形，包括以下步骤：
    (1)型材由挤压机挤出，穿过在线冷却系统，由中断锯中断后再由牵引机牵引到达挤压后部设备料床，然后横向传输至调直机，以待调直拉伸；
    (2)对于空腔型材首次调直拉伸时，在调直机控制操作面板上单独控制第三液压装置，使其伸缩杆伸出，并在伸缩杆端部安装上所述专用夹具；
    (3)通过精确控制型材传输位移，使其位于前后调直机的中间部位，启动第二液压装置以驱动下压机构，下压机构为两步运动，第一步，下压机构的金 属块的椭圆弧面下压至型材，使其刚好能固定住型材，启动第三液压装置，将专用夹具推进型材腔体内，第二步，专用夹具的所述活动夹头组上下平移，配合固定设置的固定夹头组将位于所述固定夹头组和活动夹头组中的连接筋夹持固定，夹紧型材；下压机构将型材松开。
    (4)按照工艺设定拉伸长度，启动第一液压装置，主体构件后移，使型材纵向拉伸。
    (5)拉伸完毕，专用夹具的固定夹头组和活动夹头组复位，专用夹具从型材内腔脱离，型材由料床传输至成品锯切处。
    (6)重复步骤3到5进行其它型材的调直拉伸。
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