WO2022139382A1 - 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022139382A1 WO2022139382A1 PCT/KR2021/019434 KR2021019434W WO2022139382A1 WO 2022139382 A1 WO2022139382 A1 WO 2022139382A1 KR 2021019434 W KR2021019434 W KR 2021019434W WO 2022139382 A1 WO2022139382 A1 WO 2022139382A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- artificial graphite
- coal tar
- active material
- secondary battery
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002010 green coke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- -1 that is Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002391 graphite-based active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002194 amorphous carbon material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002180 crystalline carbon material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQZDIYSSDAGGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxyethane;oxolan-2-one Chemical compound COCCOC.O=C1CCCO1 NQZDIYSSDAGGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioxane Chemical compound C1CCOOC1 OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- LLCSWKVOHICRDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diyne Chemical group C#CC#C LLCSWKVOHICRDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- DOKHEARVIDLSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-1-ol Chemical group CC=CO DOKHEARVIDLSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015041 whisky Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery having excellent electrode adhesion and excellent battery performance, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
- the graphite-based/carbon-based negative active material used as the negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery has a potential close to the electrode potential of lithium metal, the change in crystal structure during insertion and desorption of ionic lithium is small. Therefore, it enables the continuous and repeated redox reaction of the electrode, so that the lithium secondary battery can exhibit high capacity and excellent lifespan.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material various types of materials such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, which are crystalline carbon-based materials, or hard carbon and soft carbon, which are amorphous carbon-based materials are used. Among them, a graphite-based active material that has excellent reversibility and can improve the lifespan characteristics of a lithium secondary battery is most widely used. Since the graphite-based active material has a low discharge voltage of -0.2 V compared to lithium, a battery using the graphite-based active material can exhibit a high discharge voltage of 3.6 V, providing many advantages in terms of energy density of lithium secondary batteries.
- Artificial graphite a crystalline carbon-based material, generates a crystal structure of graphite by applying high thermal energy of 2,700 ° C. .
- artificial graphite-based negative electrode active material has a lifespan of 2-3 times longer than that of natural graphite.
- Soft carbon and hard carbon which are amorphous carbon-based materials in which the crystal structure is not stabilized, have a more smooth advance of lithium ions. Therefore, the charging/discharging speed can be increased, so that it can be used for an electrode requiring high-speed charging.
- a lithium secondary battery is generally composed of a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, a separator, and an electrolyte, and is a secondary battery in which charging and discharging are performed by intercalation-deintercalation of lithium ions.
- Lithium secondary batteries have advantages of high energy density, high electromotive force, and high capacity, and thus are being applied to various fields.
- One embodiment is to provide an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery manufactured without an assembly process, a manufacturing method thereof, and a secondary battery including the same.
- One embodiment is to provide an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery manufactured without an assembling process using coal tar, a manufacturing method thereof, and a secondary battery including the same.
- a method of manufacturing an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes the steps of preparing artificial graphite; forming a coating layer on the artificial graphite by mixing the artificial graphite and coal tar; and carbonizing the artificial graphite on which the coating layer is formed, wherein the artificial graphite has a sphericity of 0.6 to 1.
- the artificial graphite contains 20 wt% or more of coal-based coke-derived artificial graphite.
- the volume of the artificial graphite having a particle size of 6 ⁇ m to 34 ⁇ m based on the total volume of the artificial graphite is 70% by volume or more.
- the sphericity of artificial graphite having a particle size of 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m among the artificial graphite is 0.55 or more.
- coal tar is included in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the artificial graphite.
- the coal tar has a quinoline insoluble content (QI) of 1% to 7% by weight based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the coal tar has a fixed carbon content of 10 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the coal tar has a light oil content of 30% by weight or less based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the coal tar has a toluene insoluble content (TI) of 50% by weight or less based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the beta resin content of the coal tar is 50% by weight or less based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the step of preparing the artificial graphite includes grinding coke; and graphitizing the coke, wherein the coke is coal-based coke or a mixture of coal-based coke and petroleum-based coke, and the mixture of coal-based coke and petroleum-based coke contains 20% by weight or more of coal-based coke based on the total weight.
- the pulverizing the coke includes adjusting the sphericity of the pulverized coke.
- the negative active material for a lithium secondary battery includes artificial graphite and a coal tar-derived carbon coating layer formed on a surface of the artificial graphite, and the artificial graphite has a sphericity of 0.6 to 1.
- the artificial graphite includes 20% by weight or more of artificial graphite derived from coal-based coke.
- the coal tar carbon coating layer is included in 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of artificial graphite.
- the coal tar has a quinoline insoluble content (QI) of 1% to 7% by weight based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- QI quinoline insoluble content
- the coal tar has a fixed carbon content of 10 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the coal tar has a light oil content of 30% by weight or less based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the coal tar has a toluene insoluble content (TI) of 50% by weight or less based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- TI toluene insoluble content
- the beta resin content is 50% by weight or less based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode including an anode active material prepared by the method for manufacturing a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery, and an electrolyte.
- a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment, a manufacturing method thereof, and a secondary battery including the same do not undergo a separate assembly process using coal tar, which is a liquid coating material.
- a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment, a method for manufacturing the same, and a secondary battery including the same have excellent electrode adhesion.
- the anode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment, a method for manufacturing the same, and a secondary battery including the same do not require a separate assembly process to provide an artificial graphite anode active material composed of single particles.
- first, second and third etc. are used to describe, but are not limited to, various parts, components, regions, layers and/or sections. These terms are used only to distinguish one part, component, region, layer or section from another part, component, region, layer or section. Accordingly, a first part, component, region, layer or section described below may be referred to as a second part, component, region, layer or section without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- % means weight %, and 1 ppm is 0.0001 weight %.
- the meaning of further including the additional element means that the remaining iron (Fe) is included by replacing the additional amount of the additional element.
- a method of manufacturing a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery comprises the steps of preparing artificial graphite; forming a coating layer on the artificial graphite by mixing the artificial graphite and coal tar; and carbonizing the artificial graphite on which the coating layer is formed.
- the preparing of artificial graphite includes grinding coke and graphitizing the coke.
- the coke is coal-based coke or a mixture of coal-based coke and petroleum-based coke.
- the mixture of coal-based coke and petroleum-based coke may include 30% by weight or more of coal-based coke based on the total weight of the mixture.
- the coal-based coke may be 30% to 100% by weight, or 40% to 100% by weight, or 60% to 100% by weight, or 70% to 100% by weight.
- the artificial graphite may include 30% by weight or more of the artificial graphite similar to coal-based coke.
- the coal-based coke-like artificial graphite may be included in an amount of 30% to 100% by weight, or 40% to 100% by weight, or 60% to 100% by weight, or 70% to 100% by weight.
- the coal-based coke or petroleum-based coke may be green coke, calcined coke, or a mixture thereof, respectively.
- each coke may be needle-like coke, isotropic coke, or a mixture thereof.
- the content of green coke may be 20 wt% or more based on the total weight of the mixture. Specifically, it may be 20 to 100% by weight.
- the VM (Volatile Matter) content of the coal-based green coke is generally 5 to 10% by weight.
- coal-based green coke is included in an amount of less than 20% by weight, there may be a problem in that wettability with coal tar, which is a coating material, is not good, so that the caking action is inferior. Accordingly, when a mixture of coal-based green coke and coal-based calcined coke is used as the coal-based coke, the coal-based green coke is preferably included in the above range.
- the artificial graphite according to the present invention is not an assembly. That is, the artificial graphite is a primary particle, a single particle itself, and is not granulated.
- the soft carbon adhesive or hard carbon adhesive is not included in the artificial graphite used as a raw material in the method of manufacturing an anode active material.
- the grinding method used in the grinding of the coke included in the stage of preparing the artificial graphite is not limited as long as it is a grinding method that can control the particle size described below, for example, a jet mill, a pin mill, an air classifier mill, a Raymond mill, Jaw crusher, vertical roller mill, etc. can be used.
- the pulverized coke can be classified into a desired particle size using a vibrating sieve.
- the pulverizing the coke may include adjusting the sphericity of the pulverized coke.
- the step of adjusting the degree of sphericity is not limited as long as a means capable of controlling the degree of sphericity is used. In particular, a means for controlling the degree of sphericity by friction using centrifugal force may be used.
- the degree of sphericity of the artificial graphite may be controlled by adjusting the degree of sphericity of the pulverized coke.
- the provided artificial graphite may have a sphericity of 0.6 to 1.
- the degree of sphericity of the artificial graphite may be 0.6 to 0.9, or 0.6 to 0.8.
- the degree of sphericity is less than 0.6, it is impossible for coal tar to properly coat the artificial graphite, so there is a problem in that a partially uncoated portion occurs, and there is a problem in that a side reaction site increases.
- the degree of sphericity approaches 1 that is, as the degree of sphericity approaches a perfect spherical shape, a problem in that electrical conductivity decreases may occur.
- the sphericity of artificial graphite having a particle size of 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m among artificial graphite may be 0.55 or more.
- the sphericity of artificial graphite having a particle size of 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m among artificial graphite may be 0.55 to 1 or 0.55 to 0.8.
- the occurrence of side reactions can be controlled when the degree of sphericity is controlled within the above range.
- the volume of the artificial graphite having a particle size of 6 ⁇ m to 34 ⁇ m based on the total volume of the artificial graphite may be 70% by volume or more.
- the volume of artificial graphite having a particle size of 6 ⁇ m to 34 ⁇ m satisfies the above range, electrode adhesion is good.
- the graphitization temperature is 2200 to 3300° C.
- the graphitization treatment time is 3 hours or more.
- the mixing of the artificial graphite and the coal tar may be performed by mixing two or more rotating bodies in a vertical or horizontal direction.
- it may be a step of mixing using a sigma blade type horizontal kneader.
- the mixing of artificial graphite and coal tar may be performed for 5 minutes or more.
- the coal tar may be included in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the artificial graphite. Specifically, coal tar may be included in an amount of 5 to 20 parts by weight, or 5 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of artificial graphite.
- the electrode adhesion of the negative electrode active material exhibits insufficient adhesion (eg, 300 gf/cm 2 or less) for use in a product.
- the coal tar may have a quinoline insoluble content (QI) of 1 wt% to 7 wt% based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the coal tar may have a quinoline insoluble content (QI) of 2 wt% to 7 wt% or 2 wt% to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the coal tar. If the quinoline insoluble content is high, there may be a problem in that the electrode deteriorates after being manufactured as an anode material.
- the coal tar may have a toluene insoluble content (TI) of 50% by weight or less based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- TI toluene insoluble content
- the toluene insoluble content (TI) may be 10 to 50% by weight or 30 to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the beta resin content of the coal tar may be 50% by weight or less based on the total weight of the coal tar. Specifically, the beta resin content may be 10 to 50% by weight or 30 to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the beta resin content is a key factor in determining the anode adhesive performance of the anode active material. If the beta resin content in coal tar is too large, there may be a problem in that the adhesiveness is poor.
- the beta resin content is ASTM D2318 (Standard Test Method for Quinoline-Insoluble (QI) Content of Tar after extracting toluene insolubles according to ASTM D4312 (Standard Test Method for Toluene-Insoluble (TI) Content of Tar and Pitch)) and Pitch) refers to the content of the remaining portion after removing the quinoline insoluble matter.
- the coal tar may have a fixed carbon amount of 10 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the coal tar at 25°C. Specifically, the coal tar may have a fixed carbon content of 20 to 30% by weight.
- the fixed carbon amount does not satisfy the above content, there may be a problem in that secondary battery performance, ie, discharge capacity and efficiency, is inferior.
- the rotation rate of the mixer must be increased when mixing with artificial graphite in order to realize the action as a coating material. there may be a problem with
- the amount of fixed carbon is too large, it is difficult to liquefy, so the advantage to be taken through liquid coating cannot be obtained, and there is a disadvantage that it must be treated in a higher process.
- the coal tar may have a light oil content of 30% by weight or less based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the coal tar may have a light oil content of 5 wt% to 30 wt%, or 10 wt% to 30 wt%, or 10 wt% to 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the coal tar.
- the light oil is composed of light oil, absorption oil, and naphthalene.
- the viscosity of coal tar may be 5000 to 30000 mPa ⁇ s at 50°C. If the viscosity is lower than the range, wettability is not good, and there may be a problem in that the base material coating quality is deteriorated because the artificial graphite base material and the coal tar are separated separately. On the other hand, when the viscosity is higher than the range, the viscosity is too high, the impregnation property is improved, but the adhesive performance is lowered, and there may be a problem in that the coating quality is deteriorated due to phase separation from the artificial graphite base material.
- coal tar may be charged from above the artificial graphite in the mixing reactor. This is so that the coal tar can be spread and applied to the artificial graphite as evenly as possible. Specifically, the coal tar may be added in a spray method from the top to the bottom in the reactor in which the base material artificial graphite is charged.
- the carbonization of the artificial graphite on which the coating layer is formed has a carbonization temperature of 1500° C. or less.
- the carbonization temperature is 800 to 1500 °C, or 1000 to 1200 °C.
- the rate of temperature increase to the carbonization temperature is 5° C./min to 15° C./min, and can be carbonized by maintaining at the carbonization temperature for 1 to 5 hours. If the carbonization temperature is too low, the volatile matter removal rate is low and the quality of the final product is lowered. If the carbonization temperature is too high, there is a problem that unnecessary energy consumption occurs at a temperature close to graphitization.
- the negative active material for a lithium secondary battery includes artificial graphite and a coal tar carbon coating layer formed on a surface of the artificial graphite, and the artificial graphite contains 30% by weight or more of coal-based coke-derived artificial graphite.
- the composition of the artificial graphite is as described above.
- the artificial graphite may have a sphericity of 0.6 to 1.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode including a negative active material prepared by the above-described manufacturing method; anode; and electrolytes.
- the lithium secondary battery may further include a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode may be prepared by mixing the negative electrode active material, the binder, and optionally the conductive material prepared according to the embodiment to prepare a composition for forming the negative electrode active material layer, and then applying it to the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector may be a copper foil.
- binder examples include polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose/styrene-butadiene rubber, hydroxypropylene cellulose, diacetylene cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene or Polypropylene or the like may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the binder may be mixed in an amount of 1 wt% to 30 wt% based on the total amount of the composition for forming the negative electrode active material layer.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and specifically, graphite acetylene black such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black , carbon black carbon such as summer black; conductive fibers such as fibers and metal fibers; metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; Conductive metal oxides, such as conductive whiskey titanium oxide, such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the conductive material may be mixed in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% based on the total amount of the composition for forming the negative electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode may be prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a binder, and optionally a conductive material to prepare a composition for forming a positive electrode active material layer, and then applying the composition to a positive electrode current collector.
- the binder and the conductive material are used in the same manner as in the case of the above-described negative electrode.
- the positive electrode current collector may be, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or one in which the surface of aluminum or stainless steel is surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like.
- a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium (a lithiated intercalation compound) may be used.
- the positive active material may use at least one of a complex oxide of a metal of cobalt, manganese, nickel, or a combination thereof and lithium, and a specific example thereof may be a compound represented by any one of the following formulas.
- Li a A 1-b R b D 2 (wherein 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8 and 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5);
- Li a E 1-b R b O 2-c D c (wherein 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, and 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05);
- LiE 2-b R b O 4-c D c (wherein 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5 and 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05);
- Li a Ni 1-bc Co b R c D ⁇ (wherein 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05 and 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2);
- A is Ni, Co, Mn, or a combination thereof
- R is Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof
- D is O, F, S, P or a combination thereof and E is Co, Mn or a combination thereof
- Z is F, S, P or a combination thereof
- G is Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr, V or a combination thereof
- Q is Ti, Mo, Mn, or a combination thereof
- T is Cr, V, Fe, Sc, Y or a combination thereof
- J is V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, or a combination thereof.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte or a known solid electrolyte may be used, and a lithium salt dissolved therein may be used.
- the lithium salt is, for example, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlO 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCl, and at least one selected from the group consisting of LiI may be used.
- Examples of the solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and chain carbonates such as methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, Esters such as propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dioxane, 2-methyltetrahydro Ethers such as furan, nitriles such as acetonitrile, and amides such as dimethylformamide can be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto. These can be used individually or in combination of two or more. In particular, a mixed solvent of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate can be preferably used.
- the gel polymer electrolyte which impregnated electrolyte solution in polymer electrolytes, such as polyethylene oxide and polyacrylonitrile, and inorganic solid electrolytes, such as LiI and Li 3 N, are possible.
- the separator may be a sheet or nonwoven fabric made of olefin-based polymer glass fiber, such as polypropylene, etc., which is chemically resistant and hydrophobic, or polyethylene.
- olefin-based polymer glass fiber such as polypropylene, etc.
- polyethylene such as polypropylene, etc.
- the solid electrolyte may also serve as a separator.
- An anode active material was prepared using artificial graphite having the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- the temperature of the graphitization step to obtain artificial graphite was 2700° C., and the sphericization degree of the artificial graphite was 0.7 to 0.8.
- Coal tar was mixed at 15% by weight compared to the artificial graphite base material, and mixing was performed for 45 minutes using a sigma blade type horizontal kneader.
- the raw material was charged so as to be 60 to 80% of the total area inside the kneader.
- the coal tar used was decanted from primary solids and water by centrifugation, and had a quinoline insoluble (QI) content of 2%, and a toluene insoluble (TI) content of 35%. and a beta resin content of 33% was used.
- the coal tar had a fixed carbon content of 22% and a light oil content of 10%.
- the coated anode active material was carbonized at 1300°C.
- the rate of temperature increase to the carbonization temperature was 10° C./min, and after carbonization was maintained at the carbonization temperature for 3 hours, natural cooling was performed to obtain a negative active material prepared at 150° C.
- the negative active material slurry was applied to a copper (Cu) current collector, it was dried at 100° C. for 10 minutes and then pressed in a roll press. Thereafter, the time point at which desorption occurred during drying in a vacuum oven at 100° C. for 12 hours was measured. If desorption did not occur for 12 hours under the corresponding conditions, measurements were made up to 12 hours since it could be used as an electrode. In this case, delamination means that the anode active material is separated from the Cu plate, which is the anode current collector.
- the electrode density of the vacuum-dried negative electrode was 1.5 to 1.7 g/cc.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the electrode detachment time was measured.
- the finally manufactured electrode was cut to a size of 25 cm 2 and tested by ASTM D4541 test method.
- Adhesion suitable for use as a cathode electrode should be 300 gf/cm 2 or more.
- the sphericity was measured using FlowCAM PV equipment, and after dispersing the sample powder in a solvent such as ethanol, optical image acquisition through a flow cell+ objective lens and shape analysis using a dedicated algorithm.
- Category 6 had a sphericity of 0.6 or less, and as a result, the electrode detachment time was 10 hours, which was 12 hours before, and the electrode adhesion was also measured to be 180 gf/cm 2 or less 300 gf/cm 2 . This is because, when the sphericity is less than 0.6, it is difficult to properly coat the base material with coal tar.
- the volume fraction of artificial graphite with a particle size of 6 ⁇ m to 34 ⁇ m was 70% or less, and as a result, the electrode detachment time was 9 hours, which was removed 12 hours before, and the electrode adhesion was also inferior to 270 gf/cm 2 or less than 300 gf/cm 2 . appear.
- An anode active material and anode were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that artificial graphite derived from 100% coal-based coke and having a sphericity of 0.78 was used as a base material and the coal tar content was controlled as shown in Table 3 below. The electrode detachment time was measured.
- Quinoline insoluble (QI) content, toluene insoluble (TI) content, beta resin content, fixed carbon content, and light oil content used in coal tar were the same as in Example 1.
- the finally manufactured electrode was cut to a size of 25 cm 2 and tested by ASTM D4541 test method.
- Lithium metal Li-metal
- EC Ethylene Carbonate
- DMC Dimethyl Carbonate
- a dissolved LiPF 6 solution was used.
- the required commercial secondary battery characteristics are a discharge capacity of 350 mAh/g or more and an efficiency of 92% or more.
- categories 15 and 17 did not meet the range of light oil content and fixed carbon content, and categories 18 and 19 had high quinoline insoluble content, and the measured discharge capacity and efficiency were 350 mAh/g or more, and efficiency was 92% or more. was not satisfied with
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Abstract
Description
구분 | 인조흑연 모재 | 인조흑연 입도분포(㎛) | 콜타르 함량(중량%) | 전극 탈리 시간(시간) | ||
D10 | D50 | D90 | ||||
1 | 석탄계 코크스 : 석유계 코크스 = 3 : 7 | 9 | 18 | 38 | 15 | 8 |
2 | 석탄계 코크스 : 석유계 코크스 = 4 : 6 | 7 | 19 | 37 | 15 | 12 |
3 | 석탄계 코크스 : 석유계 코크스 = 6 : 4 | 7 | 15 | 36 | 15 | 12 |
4 | 석탄계 코크스 : 석유계 코크스 = 7 : 3 | 8 | 16 | 37 | 15 | 12 |
5 | 석탄계 코크스 : 석유계 코크스 = 10 : 0 | 7 | 18 | 35 | 15 | 12 |
구분 | 인조흑연 구형화도 |
인조흑연 입도분포 | 입도 6㎛ 내지 34㎛인 인조흑연 부피분율 (부피%) |
콜타르 함량 | 전극 탈리 시간(시간) | 전극 접착력(gf/cm2) | ||
D10 | D50 | D90 | ||||||
6 | 0.57 | 6 | 17 | 33 | 72 | 15 | 10 | 180 |
7 | 0.63 | 7 | 15 | 34 | 74 | 15 | 12 | 860 |
8 | 0.78 | 6 | 13 | 35 | 71 | 15 | 12 | 690 |
9 | 0.82 | 7 | 14 | 36 | 66 | 15 | 9 | 270 |
구분 | 콜타르 함량 (중량%) | 전극 탈리 시간 (시간) | 전극 접착력(gf/cm2) |
10 | 5 | 12 | 900 |
11 | 10 | 12 | 980 |
12 | 20 | 12 | 850 |
13 | 25 | 8 | 160 |
구분 | 콜타르 | 방전용량 (3rd cycle) (mAh/g) |
효율 (1st cycle) (%) |
||||
퀴놀린 불용분 (중량%) | 톨루엔 불용분 (중량%) | 베타레진 (중량%) |
경질유 함량 (중량%) | 고정탄소량 (중량%) | |||
14 | 2 | 51 | 49 | 10 | 22 | 355 | 92 |
15 | 2 | 37 | 35 | 26 | 15 | 347 | 90 |
16 | 5 | 54 | 49 | 10 | 22 | 354 | 94 |
17 | 5 | 45 | 40 | 26 | 15 | 349 | 91 |
18 | 7 | 57 | 50 | 10 | 22 | 345 | 88 |
19 | 10 | 63 | 53 | 10 | 22 | 325 | 88 |
Claims (21)
- 인조흑연을 준비하는 단계;상기 인조흑연과 콜타르를 혼합하여 인조흑연에 코팅층을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 코팅층이 형성된 인조흑연을 탄화시키는 단계를 포함하고,상기 인조흑연은 구형화도가 0.6 내지 1인 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연을 준비하는 단계에서,인조흑연은 석탄계 코크스 유래 인조 흑연을 20중량% 이상 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연을 준비하는 단계에서,인조흑연 전체 부피를 기준으로 입도가 6㎛ 내지 34㎛인 인조흑연의 부피가 70부피% 이상인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연을 준비하는 단계에서,인조흑연 중 입도가 5㎛ 내지 10㎛인 인조흑연의 구형화도는0.55 이상인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연과 콜타르를 혼합하여 인조흑연에 코팅층을 형성하는 단계에서,콜타르는 인조흑연 100 중량부를 기준으로 1 내지 20중량부 포함되는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연과 콜타르를 혼합하여 인조흑연에 코팅층을 형성하는 단계에서,콜타르는 퀴놀린 불용분 (QI)이 콜타르 전체 중량에 대해 1 중량% 내지 7 중량%인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연과 콜타르를 혼합하여 인조흑연에 코팅층을 형성하는 단계에서콜타르는 고정 탄소량이 콜타르 전체 중량에 대하여 10 내지 30 중량%인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연과 콜타르를 혼합하여 인조흑연에 코팅층을 형성하는 단계에서,콜타르는 경질유분 함량이 콜타르 전체 중량에 대하여 30중량% 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연과 콜타르를 혼합하여 인조흑연에 코팅층을 형성하는 단계에서,콜타르는 톨루엔 불용분(TI)이 콜타르 전체 중량에 대해 50중량% 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연과 콜타르를 혼합하여 인조흑연에 코팅층을 형성하는 단계에서,콜타르의 베타레진 함량은 콜타르 전체 중량에 대해 50 중량% 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,인조흑연을 준비하는 단계는코크스를 분쇄하는 단계; 및코크스를 흑연화시키는 단계를 포함하고,상기 코크스는 석탄계 코크스 또는 석탄계 코크스와 석유계 코크스의 혼합물이고,상기 석탄계 코크스와 석유계 코크스의 혼합물은 전체 중량에 대하여 석탄계 코크스를 20중량% 이상 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 코크스를 분쇄하는 단계는분쇄된 코크스의 구형화도를 조절하는 단계를 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 인조흑연 및상기 인조흑연 표면에 형성된 콜타르 유래 탄소 코팅층을 포함하고,상기 인조흑연은 구형화도가 0.6 내지 1인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 인조흑연은 석탄계 코크스 유래 인조흑연을 20중량% 이상 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 콜타르 유래 탄소 코팅층은 인조흑연 100 중량부를 기준으로 1 내지 20중량부 포함되는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 콜타르 유래 탄소 코팅층에서, 상기 콜타르는 퀴놀린 불용분 (QI)이 콜타르 전체 중량에 대해 1 중량% 내지 7 중량%인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 콜타르 유래 탄소 코팅층에서, 상기 콜타르는 고정 탄소량이 콜타르 전체 중량에 대하여 10 내지 30 중량%인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 콜타르 유래 탄소 코팅층에서, 상기 콜타르는 경질유분 함량이 콜타르 전체 중량에 대하여 30중량% 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 콜타르 유래 탄소 코팅층에서, 상기 콜타르는 톨루엔 불용분(TI)이 콜타르 전체 중량에 대해 50중량% 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 콜타르 유래 탄소 코팅층에서, 상기 콜타르는 베타레진 함량이 콜타르 전체 중량에 대해 50 중량% 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항의 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질 제조방법으로부터 제조된 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극;양극; 및전해질을 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지.
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