WO2022135551A1 - 一种快换结构、工作件组件及装载机 - Google Patents

一种快换结构、工作件组件及装载机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022135551A1
WO2022135551A1 PCT/CN2021/141031 CN2021141031W WO2022135551A1 WO 2022135551 A1 WO2022135551 A1 WO 2022135551A1 CN 2021141031 W CN2021141031 W CN 2021141031W WO 2022135551 A1 WO2022135551 A1 WO 2022135551A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sleeve
support
mounting
quick
edge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/141031
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈涛
陈维
赵倩妮
Original Assignee
广东博智林机器人有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202011548875.7A external-priority patent/CN114738452A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202011644128.3A external-priority patent/CN114687397A/zh
Application filed by 广东博智林机器人有限公司 filed Critical 广东博智林机器人有限公司
Publication of WO2022135551A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022135551A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of construction machinery and equipment, for example, to a quick-change structure, a work piece assembly and a loader.
  • loader is a kind of earth and stone construction machinery widely used in highway, railway, construction, hydropower, port, mine and other construction projects.
  • the loader is mainly used for shoveling bulk materials such as soil, sand, lime, coal, etc. It can also be used for light shoveling operations on ore, hard soil, etc.; when different auxiliary working devices are replaced, it can also be used for bulldozing. , lifting and other materials such as wood loading and unloading operations.
  • Loaders can be used for a variety of purposes by installing buckets, forks or other supporting implements.
  • a quick-change device is usually required.
  • the quick-change devices disclosed in the related art mostly use quick-change oil cylinders (two-way oil cylinders) or quick-change pins to be fixed on the quick-change brackets. Quick replacement; however this structure has two disadvantages:
  • the center hole on the quick-change bracket and the center of the quick-change cylinder have high requirements for concentricity, which is difficult to process and the cost is high;
  • the present application provides a quick-change structure, a work piece assembly and a loader, which can improve the technical problems of difficult processing, high cost, and easy wear of pins and other components.
  • An embodiment provides a quick-change structure, which is configured to connect a work piece with a mounting surface to a machine arm, wherein the quick-change structure includes: a main body connected to the machine arm, the main body comprising a first edge and a first edge Two edges; a clip, fixedly connected with the mounting surface of the work piece, the clip is provided with a laterally open limit slot, the limit slot is located at the bottom of the limit slot, so The first edge can be snapped into the limiting slot for fixing; and an adjusting mechanism is detachably connected with the main body to fix the second edge and keep the first edge embedded in the limiting slot Inside.
  • An embodiment provides a work piece assembly, including a work piece and the above-mentioned quick-change structure, wherein the clipping part is fixed on the mounting surface of the work piece.
  • An embodiment provides a loader, including an arm, a work piece and the above-mentioned quick-change structure; wherein the side of the main body away from the mounting surface is connected to the boom of the arm, the machine
  • the cylinders of the arms are respectively detachable and hinged.
  • Fig. 1 is the partial schematic diagram of the loader after installation
  • Figure 2 is a partial schematic view of the loader in an assembled state
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the work piece
  • Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the first viewing angle of the main body
  • Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the second viewing angle of the main body
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustment mechanism
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the transmission device provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the transmission device provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Icon 100-workpiece; 101-installation surface; 103-connection part; 105-installation plate;
  • 200-Quick change structure 210-Clamping part; 220-Main body; 221-Main board; 2211-Avoidance hole; 223-Top plate; 2201, First edge; 2202, Second edge; 2203, Limit slot;
  • 2231- Reinforcing rib 225- Boom connecting side plate; 226- Cylinder vertical plate; 227- Link connecting plate; 228- Cross plate; 230- Adjustment mechanism; 231- Locking piece; ;2315-first nut;233-mounting seat;2331-connecting plate;2333-second nut;235-adjusting rod;236-nut;237-guide plate;2371-guide groove;300-arm;301- Cylinder; 303-connector; 305-arm; 307-shaft pin assembly.
  • 140-second chain 150-sprocket; 160-tensioning element; 161-fixing plate; 162-slider; 163-tensioning wheel; 164-tensioning bolt; 2000-support assembly; 2100-rotating element; 211 - Rotary seat; 2111 - Mounting sleeve; 2112 - Positioning hole; 2113 - Rotating plate; 212 - Rotating sleeve; 2200 - Support element; 2210 - Support seat; 2220 - Support sleeve; 2300 - Drive shaft; 2320-connecting through hole; 2330-limiting protrusion; 240-first bearing; 250-second bearing; 201-first support component; 202-second support component.
  • orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms “center”, “upper”, “lower”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “inner”, “outer”, etc. is based on The orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the product of the application is usually placed in use, is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have The particular orientation, construction and operation in the particular orientation are therefore not to be construed as limitations of the present application.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are only used to differentiate the description and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.
  • top end and the bottom end are described by taking the usual orientation of the work piece 100 during actual use as an example.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a mobile device 10 .
  • the mobile device 10 includes a frame 11 , wheels 12 and a transmission device 13 .
  • the transmission device 13 is installed on the frame 11 ; the wheels 12 are connected to the transmission device 13 for transmission, and driven by the transmission device 13 , the frame 11 is driven to walk.
  • the mobile device 10 can optionally be a device with a certain load requirement.
  • the mobile device 10 is a micro loader.
  • the mobile device 10 may also be a mobile car, a mobile robot, and a mobile platform.
  • the mobile device 10 is a loader, including an arm 300 , a work piece 100 and a quick-change structure 200 , and the work piece 100 and the arm 300 are connected by the quick-change structure 200 .
  • the work piece 100 has an installation surface 101, and the work piece 100 may be a bucket, a fork or other supporting tools.
  • the work piece 100 may be a bucket, a fork or other supporting tools.
  • the following will take the bucket as an example for detailed description.
  • the installation surface 101 is specifically the back of the bucket.
  • the quick-change structure 200 includes a clip 210 , a main body 220 and an adjustment mechanism 230 .
  • the clip 210 is fixedly connected to the mounting surface 101 of the work piece 100 , the clip 210 is provided with a limit groove 2203 with a lateral opening, and the limit slot 2203 is located on the installation surface 101 Above, the main board 220 is provided with a first edge. After the first edge of the main body 220 is snapped into the limiting groove 2203 , the first edge of the main body 220 can be fixed.
  • the clip 210 is fixed to the mounting surface 101 by, for example, welding or integral molding, and can also be mounted on the mounting surface 101 by screwing.
  • the clip 210 is in the shape of a plate.
  • the clip 210 includes a support plate and a pressure plate that are connected to each other to form an L-shape, and one end of the support plate away from the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the mounting surface 101 , and the pressure plate, the support plate and the mounting surface 101 form the above-mentioned limit Slot 2203.
  • the engaging member 210 has an inclined surface matching with the first edge of the main body 220 , the inclined surface and the mounting surface 101 form a limiting groove 2203 , and a clamp between the inclined surface and the mounting surface 101 is formed.
  • the angle is an acute angle
  • the angle between the inclined surface and the installation surface 101 is an acute angle, which is more convenient for the main body 220 to be quickly inserted into the limiting groove 2203 along the inclined surface during the disassembly and replacement process, which has a better guiding effect.
  • the clip 210 can be centrally arranged on the side 10 of the installation surface 101 close to the top.
  • the main body 220 includes a main board 221 .
  • the shape of the main board 221 may be a square, a rectangle, a hexagon, or the like. Since the back of the bucket is substantially rectangular, the shape of the main board 221 may also be rectangular, wherein the length direction of the main board 221 is the same as the length direction of the mounting surface 101 .
  • the action of the bucket through the arm 300 is mainly to turn up and down, so in order to facilitate the installation, the quick change time is saved.
  • the main board 220 is further provided with a second edge, and the first edge and the second edge are respectively located on opposite sides of the main board 221 in the width direction, in the direction from the first edge to the second edge (that is, the width of the main board 221 ).
  • direction is a preset direction (the direction indicated by X in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 ).
  • the first edge can be stably embedded in the limiting groove 2203 .
  • the main body 220 includes a top plate 223 that is matched with the clip 210 .
  • the top plate 223 is obliquely disposed on the first edge of the main board 221 , and the included angle formed between the top plate 223 and the main board 221 is also an acute angle, and the The angle between the inclined surface of the connector 210 and the mounting surface 101 is substantially the same.
  • the main plate 221 may also be provided with one or more reinforcing ribs 2231 connected to the top plate 223, and the reinforcing ribs 2231 are located on the inner side of the top plate 223 near the second edge, wherein the plurality of reinforcing ribs 2231 are arranged at intervals .
  • the main body 220 is configured to be connected with the arm 300 , in order to ensure the stability of installation, in one embodiment, the main body 220 further includes a boom connecting side plate 225 , an oil cylinder vertical plate 226 , a connecting rod connecting plate 227 and a cross plate 228 .
  • the number of the boom connecting side plates 225 is two, the two boom connecting side plates 225 are respectively disposed on both sides of the main board 221 in the length direction, and each boom connecting side plate 225 is provided with a machine The first pin hole to which the arm 300 is connected, wherein the length direction is the Y direction in FIG. 5 .
  • the cylinder vertical plate 226 , the connecting rod connecting plate 227 and the horizontal plate 228 are respectively disposed in the middle of the main board 221 .
  • the cylinder vertical plate 226 is provided with a second pin hole, the number of connecting rod connecting plates 227 is two, the two connecting rod connecting plates 227 are symmetrically arranged and located on the same horizontal plane, and each connecting rod connecting plate 227 is provided with a third pin
  • the cylinder vertical plate 226 is located on the side of the horizontal plane where the two connecting rod connecting plates 227 are located near the top plate 223, and the distance between the oil cylinder vertical plate 226 and the two connecting rod connecting plates 227 is the same, that is, the oil cylinder vertical plate 226.
  • the projection distribution of the two connecting rod connecting plates 227 on the main board 221 is an isosceles triangle.
  • a gap for installing the adjusting mechanism 230 is formed between each boom connecting side plate 225 and the corresponding link connecting plate 227 .
  • the first side of the horizontal plate 228 is connected to one end of the two connecting rod connecting plates 227 close to the top plate 223, the second side of the horizontal plate 228 is connected to the cylinder vertical plate 226, and the horizontal plate 228 connects the oil cylinder vertical plate 226, the two connecting rods
  • the connecting plates 227 are fixed together to ensure the stability between the subsequent oil cylinder vertical plate 226 and the two connecting rod connecting plates 227 .
  • the adjusting mechanism 230 is detachably connected to the main body 220 to fix the second edge of the main body 220 and keep the first edge embedded in the limiting groove 2203 .
  • the adjusting mechanism 230 includes a locking member 231 , a mounting seat 233 and an adjusting rod 235 .
  • the locking member 231 is detachably connected to the working member 100 and restricts the main board 221 from being away from the mounting surface 101 .
  • the locking member 231 includes a pressing block 2311 and a fixing shaft 2313
  • the main board 221 has an escape hole 2211
  • the fixing shaft 2313 passes through the escape hole 2211 .
  • the first end of the 2313 is fixedly connected to the mounting surface 101
  • the second end of the fixed shaft 2313 is detachably connected to the pressing block 2311
  • the pressing block 2311 can move along the axial direction of the fixed shaft 2313, and then the pressing block 2311 is connected to the fixed shaft 2313.
  • the movement restricting body 220 is away from the mounting surface 101 .
  • the second end of the fixed shaft 2313 is provided with threads, and the pressing block 2311 can be directly threadedly connected to the fixed shaft 2313.
  • the second end of the fixed shaft 2313 is connected to the pressing block 2311 through the first nut 2315. Detachable connection.
  • the second end of the fixed shaft 2313 slides through the pressure block 2311 and extends out of the pressure block 2311 , and then a first nut 2315 is threadedly connected.
  • the movement of the first nut 2315 on the fixed shaft 2313 limits the pressure block 2311
  • the movement of the fixed shaft 2313 further realizes the above functions.
  • the locking member 231 may also include a washer sleeved on the fixed shaft 2313 and located between the pressing block 2311 and the first nut 2315, which is not limited herein.
  • the mounting seat 233 is connected with the main board 221 to be fixed together.
  • the mounting base 233 includes a connecting plate 2331 fixed to the main board 221 and a second nut 2333 welded to the connecting plate 2331 , wherein the connecting plate 2331 is fixed to the second edge of the main body 220 .
  • the adjusting rod 235 is threadedly connected to the second nut 2333 , and can limit the movement of the main board 221 in a predetermined direction after the first edge of the main board 221 is snapped into the limiting groove 2203 .
  • the adjusting rod 235 can adjust the movement of the main board 221 in a predetermined direction before the first edge remains locked into the limiting slot 2203 , and that the first edge of the main board 221 is locked into the limiting slot 2203 to restrict the main board 221 from moving along the predetermined direction
  • the direction moves without being affected by the fixed shaft 2313
  • the size of the avoidance hole 2211 is larger than the diameter of the fixed shaft 2313 at least in the predetermined direction.
  • the avoidance hole 2211 may be a square hole or a round hole.
  • the hole is avoided.
  • the 2211 adopts at least one of the following forms, that is, a waist-shaped hole extending in a predetermined direction; and the adjustment mechanism 230 includes a guide groove 2371 provided on the main board 221, the guide groove 2371 extends in a predetermined direction, and the pressing block 2311 is in a predetermined direction. It is slidably embedded in the guide groove 2371 , and the avoidance hole 2211 is located in the guide groove 2371 .
  • the guide groove 2371 can be a groove directly opened on the main board 221.
  • the adjustment mechanism 230 includes two guide plates 237 disposed on the main board 221, two guide plates 237 The above-mentioned guide grooves 2371 are formed at intervals.
  • the first end of the adjusting rod 235 is threadedly connected to the second nut 2333 , and the second end of the adjusting rod 235 is threadedly connected to the pressing block 2311 , so that the adjusting rod 235 can not only remain locked in the first edge at the limit Before the slot 2203, the main board 221 can be adjusted to move in a predetermined direction, and at the same time, the first edge of the main board 221 can be snapped into the limiting slot 2203 to restrict the main board 221 from moving in the predetermined direction.
  • the first end of the adjusting rod 235 protrudes from the connecting plate 2331, and the end of the first end of the adjusting rod 235
  • a nut 236 is fixed on the nut 236, wherein the nut 236 can be a hexagonal nut 236 or a pentagonal nut 236, so as to drive the adjusting rod 235 to rotate through the cooperation of the wrench and the nut 236, or at the end of the nut 236 away from the positioning block
  • the mounting surface 101 of the work piece 100 is protruded with a connecting portion 103 , wherein the connecting portion 103 is arranged at an interval from the clipping member 210 and is located on the bottom side of the clipping member 210 .
  • the connecting portion is An installation gap for accommodating the main body 220 is formed between the 103 and the clip 210.
  • the first end of the adjusting rod 235 is threadedly connected to the second nut 2333 and slides through the connecting portion 103. The first end of the adjusting rod 235 protrudes from the connecting portion. 103.
  • the mounting plate 105 can be set on the mounting surface 101 according to actual requirements, and the end of the clip 210 and the end of the connecting portion 103 are connected by the mounting plate 105 to improve the connection between the clip 210 and the mounting surface.
  • the first pin hole should be provided at the part of the boom connecting side plate 225 extending from the installation plate 105 .
  • the number of adjustment mechanisms 230 is at least one, in order to ensure the stability of the connection, the number of adjustment mechanisms 230 is at least two, such as two, three or four, at least two adjustment mechanisms 230 along the second pre-position of the main body 220. Set the direction spacing.
  • the number of the adjustment mechanisms 230 is two, and the two adjustment mechanisms 230 are respectively disposed in the two gaps.
  • the arm 300 mainly includes an oil cylinder 301 , a connecting piece 303 and a boom 305 .
  • the telescopic shaft of the oil cylinder 301 is hinged with the second pin hole through a shaft pin assembly 307 .
  • the connecting pieces 303 are in one-to-one correspondence with the connecting rod connecting plates 227, wherein the first end of each connecting piece 303 is hinged with the base of the oil cylinder 301 through a shaft pin assembly 307, and the second end of each connecting piece 303 is connected with another shaft
  • the pin assembly 307 is hinged with the third pin hole
  • the boom 305 is hinged with the first pin hole through an axle pin assembly 307 .
  • the shaft pin assembly 307 includes a shaft pin and a pin shaft pressure plate, and the pin shaft pressure plate is arranged to limit the axial displacement of the installed pin shaft.
  • the detachable connection between the main body 220 and the mounting surface can be used to realize the quick change of the bucket.
  • the installation process of the above-mentioned quick-change device is as follows:
  • the boom 305 is slightly lifted up, so that under the action of gravity, the bucket makes the top plate 223 of the main body 220 fit with the clip 210 to form the state shown in FIG.
  • the end can extend out of the main board 221 through the avoidance hole 2211 .
  • the pressing block 2311 located in the guide groove 2371 is inserted into the second end of the fixed shaft 2313, and when the main board 221 is attached to the installation surface of the bucket, the first nut 2315 is installed on the second end of the fixed shaft 2313 and then pre-installed. Tighten the first nut 2315 to keep the main board 221 in contact with the mounting surface of the bucket.
  • the removal process of the quick-change structure 200 is opposite to the installation process of the quick-change structure 200 .
  • the quick-change structure provided by the present application has a compact structure and is easy to operate. When applied to the connection between the arm and the work piece of the loader, it not only realizes the quick change of the arm and the work piece, but also makes the work piece and the quick change.
  • the structure is stably fixed together to prevent the workpiece from separating from the quick-change structure, and at the same time to avoid shaking, so that the components such as the pin connecting the quick-change structure and the arm have a longer life.
  • the transmission device 13 includes a drive assembly 100 and a plurality of support assemblies 2000.
  • Each set of support assemblies 2000 corresponds to one wheel 12, the support assemblies 2000 are connected to the frame, and the support assemblies 2000 are drive-connected between the drive assembly 100 and the wheels 12, and are configured to transmit the rotational force of the drive assembly 100 to the wheels 12 is used to drive the wheel 12 to rotate, so that the wheel 12 can drive the frame to walk during the rotation process.
  • the manner in which the driving device outputs power is not limited, and it may be an electric driving manner or a fuel driving manner.
  • the power system of the loader in the related art usually uses an internal combustion engine as the power and is driven by hydraulic power.
  • the power system is mainly composed of an engine, a torque converter, a power shift transmission, a transmission power shaft and a drive axle. Waste of energy, environmental pollution, loud noise and low efficiency.
  • the driving assembly 100 includes a driving element 110 and a mounting element 120 .
  • the driving element 110 includes a driving motor 111 and a reducer 112 , and the driving motor 111 , the reducer 112 and the support assembly 2000 are sequentially connected in a driving manner.
  • This embodiment adopts electric drive, with simple structure, high drive efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • the mounting element 120 is connected with the frame 11 , and the reducer 112 is connected with the mounting element 120 .
  • the mounting element 120 is respectively connected with the frame 11 and the reducer 112, and is configured to support the reducer 112, so as to prevent the cantilever from being too long when the drive motor 111 and the reducer 112 are connected for transmission, so that the stability of the drive assembly 100 is better.
  • the mounting element 120 includes a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate that are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first mounting plate extends in the vertical direction, and has a mounting hole therethrough, and is connected to one end of the reducer 112 away from the driving motor 111 through the mounting hole.
  • the second mounting plate extends in the horizontal direction, and has a plurality of connecting holes therethrough, and is fastened to the frame 11 through the connecting holes.
  • the reducer 112 is a right-angle reducer 112 , which effectively reduces the size in the width direction, and can facilitate the mobile device 10 to enter the building room for operation.
  • the right-angle reducer 112 is arranged horizontally, which reduces the space required for the height of the right-angle reducer 112 , and can reduce the height of the transmission device 13 to lower the center of gravity of the mobile device 10 , thereby improving the height of the mobile device 10 . stability.
  • the wheels 12 of the mobile device 10 may be arranged in the manner in the related art, for example, a train of wheels is respectively arranged on both sides of the mobile device 10 in the walking direction; each train wheel is exemplarily included in the mobile device A plurality of wheels are arranged side by side in the running direction of the 10 , for example, there are two wheels in each train, and the mobile device 10 is a four-wheel structure at this time.
  • a plurality of groups of supporting assemblies 2000 in the transmission device 13 are respectively provided with a row on both sides in the traveling direction of the mobile device 10 , and each row of supporting assemblies 2000 includes being arranged side by side in the traveling direction of the mobile device 10 . Multiple sets of support assemblies 2000.
  • the plurality of groups of support assemblies 2000 are divided into a plurality of first support assemblies 201 and a plurality of second support assemblies 202 .
  • a plurality of first support assemblies 201 are arranged on the first side of the transmission device 13 in the running direction, and are arranged side by side along the running direction of the transmission device 13;
  • a plurality of second support assemblies 202 are arranged on the second side of the transmission device 13 in the running direction , and are arranged side by side along the running direction of the transmission device 13 .
  • the driving manner of the driving assembly 100 for the multiple groups of supporting assemblies 2000 corresponding to the wheels 12 is not limited, and can be set according to the manner in the related art, for example, it is set as a single drive including a set of driving elements 110
  • the mode is either a dual driving mode including two groups of driving elements 110 , or a single driving mode in which each group of support assemblies 2000 is provided with a group of driving elements 110 .
  • the driving assembly 100 is a dual driving mode, and two are provided.
  • the two driving assemblies 100 are the first driving element 1101 , the second driving The chain 140 and the plurality of sprockets 150 .
  • the arrangement of the first driving element 1101 and the second driving element 1102 may refer to the above-mentioned electric transmission.
  • each sprocket 150 is correspondingly disposed in a set of support assemblies 2000 .
  • the first driving element 1101 is drivingly connected with a first supporting assembly 2000
  • the first chain 130 is drivingly connected with the transmission shafts 2300 of a plurality of first supporting assemblies 201 on the same side through the sprocket 150;
  • the two supporting assemblies 202 are connected in a driving manner, and the second chain 140 is drivingly connecting the transmission shafts 2300 of the plurality of second supporting assemblies 202 on the same side through the sprocket 150 .
  • the first driving element 1101 is drivingly connected with the rearmost first support assembly 201 in the traveling direction of the mobile device 10
  • the second driving element 1102 is driven with the second supporting assembly 202 rearmost in the traveling direction of the mobile device 10 . Connection, so that the structure symmetry is good and the work stability is good.
  • the support assembly 2000 is divided into two rows and driven by chains respectively, and the structure is simple and compact.
  • the support assemblies 2000 on both sides are respectively driven by the two drive units, and the power is strong, and at the same time, the steering can be controlled through the differential adjustment, so that the adjustability of the movement is better.
  • the above-mentioned chain-driven double-drive drive assembly 100 works as follows:
  • the first driving element 1101 and the second driving element 1102 are respectively controlled by the motor controller, and provide power to the supporting assemblies 2000 on both sides respectively.
  • the rotational speed of the first driving element 1101 and the second driving element 1102 are controlled to be the same and in the same direction, so as to realize the movement of straight forward or straight back.
  • the rotational speeds of the first driving element 1101 and the second driving element 1102 are controlled to be different to form a speed difference, and steering is achieved through the speed difference.
  • the rotational speeds of the first driving element 1101 and the second driving element 1102 are controlled to be the same and opposite to each other, so as to realize in-situ steering.
  • a tensioning element 160 may be provided to tension the chain, so that the chain has an initial tension, preventing the chain from loosening and falling off, and reducing the tension of the sprocket 150 and the chain. Wear, prolong the service life of the sprocket 150 and the chain.
  • the arrangement of the tensioning element 160 is not limited, and can be selected according to the methods known in the art.
  • the tensioning element 160 includes a fixing plate 161 , a sliding block 162 , a tensioning wheel 163 , a pin, a retaining spring and a tensioning bolt 164 .
  • the tensioning wheel 163 is rotatably arranged on the slider 162 through a pin shaft, and is positioned by a circlip matched with the pin shaft to tension the chain.
  • the fixing plate 161 is fixedly connected with the frame 11; the sliding block 162 is slidably arranged on the fixing plate 161, and the relative position between the fixing plate 161 and the fixing plate 161 is adjusted through the tension bolt 164 connected to the frame 11, so as to realize the opposite tension Adjustment of the tensioner 163.
  • the support assembly 2000 includes a rotation element 2100 , a support element 2200 and a transmission shaft 2300 .
  • the rotating element 2100 includes a fixedly connected rotating base 211 and a rotating sleeve 212 .
  • the rotating base 211 is provided with a first mounting portion connected to the wheel 12 , so that the rotating base 211 can output a rotational force to the wheel 12 .
  • connection between the rotating seat 211 and the wheel 12 is not limited.
  • a through hole is formed in the first mounting portion, and the rotating seat 211 is fastened to the wheel 12 through the through hole of the first mounting portion.
  • the support element 2200 includes a fixedly connected support base 2210 and a support sleeve 2220 .
  • the support base 2210 is provided with a second mounting portion connected to the rack 11 , and the second mounting portion fixes the support element 2200 on the rack 11 .
  • connection between the support base 2210 and the rack 11 is not limited.
  • a through hole is formed in the second mounting portion, and the support base 2210 is fastened to the rack 11 through the through hole of the second mounting portion.
  • the support sleeve 2220 can be rotatably supported in the rotating sleeve 212, can bear the force exerted by the rotating sleeve 212 in the radial direction, and can fix the rotating element 2100 on the vehicle frame.
  • the transmission shaft 2300 is rotatably passed through the support sleeve 2220 .
  • the first end of the transmission shaft 2300 can pass through the support base 2210 to be connected with the drive assembly 100 in a driving manner.
  • the second end of the transmission shaft 2300 can be fixed on the rotating base 211 to transmit the rotational force to the rotating base 211 .
  • the transmission shaft 2300 is used as an output shaft in driving connection with the drive assembly 100 , and the transmission shaft 2300 is fixed to the rotating base 211 , and is connected to the wheel 12 through the rotating base 211 to output rotational force.
  • the radial force from the wheel 12 received by the rotating plate 2113 can act on the support sleeve 2220 through the rotating sleeve 212, and the cooperation of the support sleeve 2220 and the rotating sleeve 212 can effectively share the radial force of the transmission shaft 2300, so that the transmission shaft 2300 mainly bears the torque of rotation, which can effectively reduce the load of the output shaft.
  • the force of the support assembly 2000 is more balanced and reasonable, and the service life of the components can be improved.
  • the rotatably connected components may be connected through a bearing.
  • a connecting bearing is provided between the first end of the transmission shaft 2300 and the support base 2210 , so that the transmission shaft 2300 and the support base 2210 can relatively rotate relatively well.
  • a sealing ring is also provided between the first end of the connecting shaft 2300 and the support base 2210. The sealing ring is located on the side of the connecting bearing away from the rotating sleeve 212, and is limited by a circlip to ensure that the The connection between the transmission shaft 2300 and the support base 2210 has better sealing performance.
  • a first bearing 240 is disposed between the mounting sleeve 2111 and the rotating sleeve 212 , so that the radial force from the wheel 12 received by the rotating plate 2113 can be transmitted to the first bearing 240 through the rotating sleeve 212 .
  • the bearing of the radial force can be better realized.
  • the support base 2210 is used to connect with the frame 11
  • the support strength of the end of the support sleeve 2220 close to the support base 2210 is better, and the first bearing 240 and the support sleeve 2220 can better transmit the rotation sleeve 212 in the radial direction through the first bearing 240 and the support sleeve 2220. bear the force.
  • one end of the rotating sleeve 212 away from the rotating base 211 corresponds to an end of the support sleeve 2220 close to the support base 2210, and the first bearing 240 is connected to Between the inner wall of one end of the rotating sleeve 212 away from the rotating base 211 and the outer wall of one end of the supporting sleeve 2220 close to the supporting base 2210 .
  • the inner wall of the end of the rotating sleeve 212 away from the rotating seat 211 is recessed with a first installation groove, and the side wall of the first installation groove abuts against the first installation groove.
  • a first installation platform is protruded from the outer wall of one end of the support sleeve 2220 close to the support base 2210 , and the side wall of the first installation platform abuts the side wall of the inner ring of the first bearing 240 close to the support base 2210 .
  • the rotating base 211 includes an installation sleeve 2111 and a rotating plate 2113; the installation sleeve 2111 has an installation section and a connection section, and the installation section and the connection section are connected to each other and arranged coaxially.
  • the rotating plate 2113 surrounds the outer wall of the connecting section and extends along the radial direction of the connecting section, and the first mounting portion is disposed on the rotating plate 2113; the rotating sleeve 212 is connected to the connecting section and extends along the axial direction of the connecting section.
  • the rotating sleeve 212 and the rotating plate 2113 connected with the wheel 12 are connected to the connecting section, so that the radial force on the rotating plate 2113 from the wheel 12 can be better transmitted to the rotating sleeve 212 .
  • the installation section is set to fix the second end of the transmission shaft 2300 . Since the installation section is located on the side of the connecting section away from the rotating sleeve 212 , the second end of the transmission shaft 2300 can be effectively prevented from being subjected to the radial force transmitted by the rotating sleeve 212 .
  • the rotating plate 2113 is directly connected to the wheel 12, the radial force from the wheel 12 will first act on the mounting sleeve 2111 through the rotating plate 2113, and the mounting sleeve 2111 is supported by the supporting sleeve 2220, which can improve the pair of supporting sleeves 2220. Shared role under radial action.
  • the end of the support sleeve 2220 away from the support base 2210 is rotatably supported in the installation sleeve 2111 .
  • the end of the support sleeve 2220 away from the support base 2210 has a certain supporting effect on the installation sleeve 2111 and the rotating plate 2113 connected to the installation sleeve 2111, and further bears the radial force transmitted by the rotating plate 2113 on the installation sleeve 2111, which can effectively
  • the radial force at the connection between the second end of the transmission shaft 2300 and the installation sleeve 2111 is shared, so as to better reduce the radial force of the transmission shaft 2300 .
  • a second bearing 250 is disposed between the end of the support sleeve 2220 away from the support base 2210 and the installation sleeve 2111 , so that the radial force from the wheel 12 received by the rotating plate 2113 can act through the rotating sleeve 212 .
  • the second bearing 250 is then transmitted to the mounting sleeve 2111, which can better bear the radial force.
  • the rotating plate 2113 is directly connected with the connecting section of the mounting sleeve 2111 , for example, the second bearing 250 is located in the connecting section and corresponds to the rotating plate 2113 . Since the rotating plate 2113 is directly connected to the wheel 12 and is subjected to a relatively large force, the second bearing 250 is located in the connecting section and corresponds to the rotating plate 2113, which can better support the connecting section and the rotating plate 2113, so that the support sleeve 2220 can better Bearing the radial force transmitted by the rotating plate 2113 on the mounting sleeve 2111 . Considering the connection method between the installation section and the second end of the transmission shaft 2300 , the connection stability and the stress condition of the second end of the transmission shaft 2300 will be affected.
  • a positioning hole 2112 is concavely provided on the end face of the mounting section; a mounting boss 2310 is protruded on the second end of the transmission shaft 2300 along the circumferential direction of the shaft body; The connection through hole 232 is connected.
  • the second end of the transmission shaft 2300 is connected to the end face of the installation section through the installation boss 2310 along the shaft body, and the connection is convenient and stable.
  • the connecting force between the transmission shaft 2300 and the installation section is in the axial direction, which can effectively avoid the generation of a radial force on the transmission shaft 2300 .
  • the side of the mounting boss 2310 close to the mounting sleeve 2111 is further protruded with a limiting protrusion 233, the limiting protrusion 233 is rotatably supported in the mounting section, and the transmission shaft 2300 is located in the mounting section.
  • the relative position in the axial direction is fixed, and at the same time, a fixed gap is maintained between the shaft body of the transmission shaft 2300 and the rotating sleeve 212 .
  • the drive assembly 100 outputs power to the transmission shaft 2300 of the support assembly 2000 , and the transmission shaft 2300 transmits the rotational force to the rotating base 211 , which is connected to the wheel 12 and drives the wheel 12 to rotate.
  • the rotating seat 211 receives the radial force from the wheel 12
  • the rotating sleeve 212 acts on the supporting sleeve 2220, and the cooperation of the supporting sleeve 2220 and the rotating sleeve 212 effectively shares the radial force of the transmission shaft 2300, so that the transmission shaft
  • the 2300 mainly bears the torque of rotation, which effectively reduces the load of the output shaft.

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Abstract

一种快换结构、工作件组件及装载机，设置为将具有安装面的工作件连接于机臂，其中，所述快换结构包括：主体，与机臂连接，所述主体包括第一边缘和第二边缘；卡接件，与所述工作件的所述安装面固定连接，所述卡接件设有侧向开口的限位槽，所述限位槽位于所述限位槽的底部，所述第一边缘可卡入所述限位槽进行固定；及调节机构，与所述主体可拆卸连接以固定所述第二边缘并能使所述第一边缘保持嵌设于所述限位槽内。

Description

一种快换结构、工作件组件及装载机
本申请要求申请日为2020年12月24日、申请号为202011548875.7及申请日为2020年12月31日、申请号为202011644128.3的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及工程机械设备领域，例如涉及一种快换结构、工作件组件及装载机。
背景技术
装载机作为一种常见的移动设备，是一种广泛用于公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口、矿山等建设工程的土石方施工机械。装载机主要用于铲装土壤、砂石、石灰、煤炭等散状物料，也可对矿石、硬土等作轻度铲挖作业；当换装不同的辅助工作装置时，还可进行推土、起重和其他物料如木材的装卸作业。
相关技术中，对于装载机等装载能力强的移动设备，由于设备本身重量大且载荷量大，输出轴的负荷大。
装载机通过安装铲斗、铲叉或其他的配套机具可以实现多种用途。为了便于更换不同的机具，通常需要采用一个快换装置。相关技术中公开的快换装置多采用快换油缸(双向油缸)或快换插销固定在快换托架上，通过快换油缸或快换插销的插入或脱开，实现装载机不同工作机具的快速更换；但是此结构有两个缺点：
1、快换托架上的中心孔与快换油缸中心同心度要求很高，加工较为困难，成本较高；
2、即使快换油缸或快换销轴能较好的插入固定孔中，但是必然销轴与固定孔会存在安装间隙，若没有安装间隙，则快换销轴很难插入到固定孔中。此结构只能将快换装置大体固定在机具上，不会产生大的晃动，但还是会存在小的晃动，使得销轴等部件容易磨损。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种快换结构、工作件组件及装载机，能够改善加工较为困难，成本较高及销轴等部件容易磨损的技术问题。
一实施例提供了一种快换结构，设置为将具有安装面的工作件连接于机臂，其中，所述快换结构包括：主体，与机臂连接，所述主体包括第一边缘和第二边缘；卡接件，与所述工作件的所述安装面固定连接，所述卡接件设有侧向开口的限位槽，所述限位槽位于所述限位槽的底部，所述第一边缘可卡入所述限位槽进行固定；及调节机构，与所述主体可拆卸连接以固定所述第二边缘并能使所述第一边缘保持嵌设于所述限位槽内。
一实施例提供了一种工作件组件，包括工作件以及上述的快换结构其中，所述卡接件固定于所述工作件的所述安装面上。
一实施例提供了一种装载机，包括机臂、工作件及如上所述的快换结构；其中，所述主体远离所述安装面的一侧与所述机臂的动臂、所述机臂的油缸分别可拆卸铰接。
附图说明
图1为安装完成的装载机的局部示意图；
图2为处于装配状态中的装载机的局部示意图；
图3为工作件的结构示意图；
图4为主体的第一视角的结构示意图；
图5为主体的第二视角的结构示意图；
图6为调节机构的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的移动设备的一结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的传动装置的一结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的传动装置的一局部结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的传动装置的另一局部结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的传动装置的又一局部结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的支撑组件的一结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的支撑组件的一剖视图。
图标：100-工作件；101-安装面；103-连接部；105-安装板；
200-快换结构；210-卡接件；220-主体；221-主板；2211-避让孔；223-顶 板；2201、第一边缘；2202、第二边缘；2203、限位槽；
2231-加强筋；225-动臂连接侧板；226-油缸立板；227-连杆连接板；228-横板；230-调节机构；231-锁定件；2311-压块；2313-固定轴；2315-第一螺母；233-安装座；2331-连接板；2333-第二螺母；235-调节杆；236-螺帽；237-导向板；2371-导槽；300-机臂；301-油缸；303-连接件；305-动臂；307-轴销组件。
10-移动设备；11-机架；12-轮子；13-传动装置；100-驱动组件；110-驱动元件；111-驱动电机；112-减速机；120-安装元件；130-第一链条；1101-第一驱动元件；1102-第二驱动元件；
140-第二链条；150-链轮；160-张紧元件；161-固定板；162-滑块；163-张紧轮；164-张紧螺栓；2000-支撑组件；2100-旋转元件；211-旋转座；2111-安装套；2112-定位孔；2113-旋转板；212-旋转套；2200-支撑元件；2210-支撑座；2220-支撑套；2300-传动轴；2310-安装凸台；2320-连接通孔；2330-限位凸起；240-第一轴承；250-第二轴承；201-第一支撑组件；202-第二支撑组件。
具体实施方式
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该申请产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，术语“垂直”、“平行”等术语并不表示要求部件之间绝对垂直或平行，而是可以稍微倾斜。
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
需要说明的是，本申请中，顶端、底端是以工作件100在实际的使用过程中的惯常方位为例所进行的描述。
请参阅图7，本申请实施例提供一种移动设备10，该移动设备10包括机架11、轮子12及传动装置13。传动装置13安装于机架11；轮子12与传动装置13进行传动连接，并在传动装置13的驱动下带动机架11行走。
移动设备10可选为具有一定载重要求的设备，在一实施例中移动设备10为一种微型装载机。当然，在其他实施方式中，移动设备10也可以是移动汽车、移动机器人和移动平台等设备。
请参阅图1以及图2，移动设备10为一种装载机，包括机臂300、工作件100以及快换结构200，工作件100和机臂300通过快换结构200连接。
工作件100具有安装面101，工作件100可以为铲斗、铲叉或其他的配套机具，以下以铲斗为例进行具体描述，此时安装面101具体为铲斗的背面。
请参阅图1以图3，快换结构200包括卡接件210、主体220以及调节机构230。
其中，请参阅图1以及图3，卡接件210与工作件100的安装面101固定连接，卡接件210上设有侧向开口的限位槽2203，且限位槽2203位于安装面101上，主板220设有第一边缘，主体220的第一边缘卡入限位槽2203后，主体220的第一边缘能够被固定。
在一实施例中，卡接件210固定于安装面101的方式例如通过焊接或一体成型的方式安装在安装面101，也可以通过螺纹连接的方式安装于安装面101。
在一实施例中，卡接件210呈板状。
在一些可选地实施例中，卡接件210包括互相连接形成L型的支撑板以及压板，支撑板远离压板的一端与安装面101固定连接，压板、支撑板以及安装面101形成上述限位槽2203。
本实施例中，请参阅图1以及图3，卡接件210具有与主体220的第一边缘配合的斜面，斜面与安装面101形成限位槽2203，且斜面与安装面101之间的夹角呈锐角，而斜面与安装面101之间的夹角为锐角的设置，更利于拆换过程中，主体220能够快速沿斜面插入限位槽2203内，具有较佳的导向作用。
为了保证后续安装的稳定性，卡接件210可在安装面101靠近顶端的10一侧 居中设置。
请参阅图1、图4以及图5，主体220包括主板221。
其中，主板221形状可为正方形、长方形或六边形等等。基于铲斗的背面基本呈长方形，主板221的形状也可以为长方形，其中，主板221的长度方向与安装面101的长度方向相同。
其中，由于实际的使用过程中，铲斗通过机臂300的作用主要是进行上下翻转，因此为了便于安装，节省快换时间。本实施例中，主板220还设有第二边缘，第一边缘和第二边缘分别位于主板221宽度方向的相对两侧，以第一边缘至第二边缘的方向(也即是主板221的宽度方向)为预设方向(图4以及图5中的X所示的方向)。
为了便于将主板221的第一边缘卡入限位槽2203，并且使第一边缘稳定地嵌设于限位槽2203内。本实施例中，主体220包括与卡接件210配合的顶板223，顶板223倾斜设置于主板221的第一边缘，且顶板223与主板221的之间形成的夹角也是呈锐角，并且与卡接件210的斜面与安装面101之间的夹角基本相同。
为了提高顶板223的承托稳定性，主板221还可以设有与顶板223连接的一个或多个加强筋2231，加强筋2231位于顶板223靠近第二边缘的内侧，其中多个加强筋2231间隔布置。
由于主体220设置为与机臂300连接，因此为了保证安装的稳定性，在一实施例中，主体220还包括动臂连接侧板225、油缸立板226、连杆连接板227以及横板228。
请参阅图4，动臂连接侧板225的数量为两个，两个动臂连接侧板225分别设置于主板221在长度方向的两侧端，每个动臂连接侧板225设有与机臂300连接的第一销孔，其中长度方向为图5中的Y方向。
油缸立板226、连杆连接板227以及横板228分别设置于主板221的中部。其中，油缸立板226设有第二销孔，连杆连接板227的数量为两个，两个连杆连接板227对称布置且位于同一水平面，每个连杆连接板227设有第三销孔，油缸立板226位于两个连杆连接板227所在的水平面靠近顶板223的一侧，油缸立板226分别与两个连杆连接板227之间的距离相同，也即是，油缸立板226、两个连杆连接板227在主板221的投影分布呈等腰三角形。每个动臂连接侧板225与对应的连杆连接板227之间形成安装调节机构230的间隙。
横板228的第一侧与两个连杆连接板227靠近顶板223的一端连接，横板228的第第二侧与油缸立板226连接，横板228将油缸立板226、两个连杆连接板227固定在一起，保证后续油缸立板226、两个连杆连接板227之间的稳定性。
请参阅图1、图2以及图6，调节机构230与主体220可拆卸连接以固定主体220的第二边缘并能使第一边缘保持嵌设于限位槽2203内。
在一实施例中，调节机构230包括锁定件231、安装座233以及调节杆235。
其中，锁定件231可拆卸地连接于工作件100并限制主板221远离安装面101。
请参阅图1、2、3以及图6，在一实施例中，锁定件231包括压块2311和固定轴2313，主板221具有避让孔2211，固定轴2313穿设于避让孔2211内，固定轴2313的第一端与安装面101固定连接，固定轴2313的第二端与压块2311可拆卸连接，且压块2311能够沿固定轴2313的轴向移动，进而通过压块2311在固定轴2313的移动限制主体220远离安装面101。
在一实施例中，固定轴2313的第二端设有螺纹，压块2311可以直接与固定轴2313螺纹连接，本实施例中，固定轴2313的第二端通过第一螺母2315与压块2311可拆卸连接。
在一实施例中，固定轴2313的第二端滑动穿设于压块2311并伸出压块2311后螺纹连接有第一螺母2315，利用第一螺母2315在固定轴2313的移动限定压块2311在固定轴2313的移动，进而实现上述功能。其中，锁定件231也可以包括套设于固定轴2313，且位于压块2311和第一螺母2315之间的垫圈，在此不做限定。
安装座233与主板221连接以固定在一起。
本实施例中，安装座233包括与主板221固定的连接板2331以及焊接于连接板2331的第二螺母2333，其中连接板2331固定于主体220的第二边缘。
调节杆235螺纹连接于第二螺母2333，并能够在主板221的第一边缘卡入限位槽2203后限制主板221沿预设方向移动。
此时，为了保证调节杆235能够在第一边缘保持卡入限位槽2203之前调整主板221沿预设方向移动，以及主板221的第一边缘卡入限位槽2203后限制主板221沿预设方向移动，而不受固定轴2313的影响，避让孔2211至少在预设方向上的尺寸大于固定轴2313的直径。其中避让孔2211可以为方孔或圆孔等。
为了保证安装后主板221与工作件100不会沿第一边缘的延伸方向(也即是主板221的长度方向)相对移动，提高二者之间连接的稳定性，在一实施例中， 避让孔2211采用以下至少一种形式，即为沿预设方向延伸的腰型孔；及调节机构230包括设置于主板221的导槽2371，导槽2371沿预设方向延伸，压块2311沿预设方向可滑动地嵌设于导槽2371内，避让孔2211位于导槽2371内。
其中，导槽2371可以为直接开设于主板221的凹槽，为了避免影响主板221的强度，在一实施例中，调节机构230包括两个设置在主板221的导向板237，两个导向板237间隔设置形成上述导槽2371。
在一实施例中，调节杆235的第一端螺纹连接于第二螺母2333，调节杆235的第二端螺纹连接于压块2311，进而调节杆235不仅能够在第一边缘保持卡入限位槽2203之前调整主板221沿预设方向移动，同时能够主板221的第一边缘卡入限位槽2203后限制主板221沿预设方向移动。
为了便于调节调节杆235伸出安装座233的长度，以调整主体220所在位置，在一实施例中，调节杆235的第一端伸出连接板2331，且调节杆235的第一端的端部固设有螺帽236，其中螺帽236可以为六角螺帽236或五角螺帽236，以便于通过扳手与螺帽236配合带动调节杆235旋转，也可以在螺帽236远离定位块的一端设有定位槽，具体例如一字槽、梅花槽或内六角凹槽等，利用改锥与上述定位槽的配合带动调节杆235旋转，有效节省力。为了便于定位，在一实施例中，工作件100的安装面101凸设有连接部103，其中，连接部103与卡接件210间隔布置且位于卡接件210的底侧，此时连接部103与卡接件210之间形成容纳主体220的安装间隙，调节杆235的第一端螺纹连接于第二螺母2333且滑动穿设于连接部103，调节杆235的第一端伸出连接部103。
在一实施例中，安装面101可以根据实际的需求设定安装板105，利用安装板105将卡接件210的端部与连接部103的端部连接起来，提高卡接件210与安装面101之间的稳定性，此时为了避免干涉，在主体220安装于安装面101后，第一销孔应当设置在动臂连接侧板225伸出安装板105的部分。
调节机构230的数量为至少一个，为了保证连接的稳定性，调节机构230的数量为至少两个，例如两个、三个或四个等，至少两个调节机构230沿主体220的第二预设方向间隔布置。
本实施例中，调节机构230的数量为两个，两个调节机构230分别设置于两个间隙内。机臂300主要包括油缸301、连接件303以及动臂305。其中，油缸301的伸缩轴与第二销孔经一轴销组件307铰接。连接件303与连杆连接板227一一对 应，其中，每个连接件303的第一端与油缸301的底座经一轴销组件307铰接，每个连接件303的第二端经另一轴销组件307与第三销孔铰接，动臂305与第一销孔经一轴销组件307铰接。
其中，轴销组件307包括轴销以及销轴压板，销轴压板设置为限定安装后的销轴沿轴向位移。
通过轴销组件307将机臂300和主体220固定连接后，可利用主体220与安装面的可拆卸连接实现铲斗的快换。
在一实施例中，上述快换装置的安装过程具体如下：
(1)将卡接件210以及固定轴2313焊接于工作件的安装面上，此时工作件的结构如图3所示。
(2)将如图5所示的处于初始状态的主体220与动臂305连接，其中，初始状态的主体220具有与固定轴2313配合的腰孔。
(3)通过油缸301的伸缩动作，将主体220与动臂305形成一个较大角度。通过动臂305的向前移动，将快换装置的主板221嵌设于限位槽2203内。
然后将动臂305稍微往上提，使得铲斗在重力的作用下，使得主体220的顶板223与卡接件210贴合，形成如图2所示的状态，此时固定轴2313的第二端能够经避让孔2211伸出主板221。
接着使位于导槽2371内的压块2311套入固定轴2313的第二端，使主板221与铲斗的安装面贴合时，将第一螺母2315安装于固定轴2313的第二端然后预拧紧第一螺母2315，使主板221与铲斗的安装面保持贴合。
(4)如图6所示，将调节杆235螺纹安装于安装233和压块2311，旋转调节杆235使主体220的第一边缘保持紧密卡入限位槽2203后停止旋转，然后锁紧第一螺母2315，限制主体220沿预设方向移动，整体形成图1所示的状态，此时即完成快换结构200的安装。
快换结构200的拆下过程与快换结构200的安装过程相反。
综上，本申请提供快换结构的结构紧凑、操作简单，应用于装载机的机臂和工作件的连接中时，不仅仅实现机臂和工作件的快换，同时使得工作件与快换结构稳定的固定在一起，防止工作件与快换结构脱离，同时避免发生晃动的情况，使得连接快换结构和机臂的销轴等部件寿命更长。
请参阅图8，在本申请的实施例中，传动装置13包括驱动组件100以及多个 支撑组件2000。每组支撑组件2000与一个轮子12对应，该支撑组件2000连接于车架，且该支撑组件2000传动连接在驱动组件100和轮子12之间，设置为将驱动组件100的转动作用力传递给轮子12以驱动轮子12转动，并使得轮子12在转动过程中能够带动车架行走。
在本申请的实施例中，驱动装置输出动力的方式不限，其可以是电动驱动方式，也可以燃料驱动方式。
相关技术中的装载机的动力系统通常采用内燃机作为动力并以液力传动，该动力系统主要由发动机、变矩器、动力换挡变速器、传递动力轴和驱动桥等组成，存在燃油消耗大、浪费能源、污染环境、噪音大且效率较低等问题。
请参阅图9，在其他实施例中，驱动组件100包括驱动元件110和安装元件120。驱动元件110包括驱动电机111和减速机112，驱动电机111、减速机112以及支撑组件2000依次传动连接。本实施例采用电传动，结构简单、传动效率高且节能环保。
安装元件120与机架11连接，减速机112与安装元件120连接。安装元件120分别与机架11和减速机112连接，设置为对减速机112进行支撑，避免驱动电机111和减速机112连接在传动时悬臂过长，使得驱动组件100的稳定性更好。
为了方便安装元件120在机架11的安装以及对减速机112的固定，在一实施例中，安装元件120包括相互垂直的第一安装板和第二安装板。其中，第一安装板沿竖直方向延伸，并贯穿开设有安装孔，并通过安装孔与减速机112的远离驱动电机111的一端连接。第二安装板沿水平方向延伸，贯穿开设有多个连接孔，并通过连接孔与机架11进行紧固连接。
考虑到装载机等移动设备10在宽度方向上的尺寸较大，通常导致移动设备10不能进入建筑房间进行作业。在一实施例中，减速机112为直角减速机112，有效减小在宽度方向上的尺寸，能够方便移动设备10进入建筑房间进行作业。在一实施例中，该直角减速机112水平设置，减小在直角减速机112在高度上需要的空间，能够减小传动装置13的高度以降低移动设备10的重心，从而提高移动设备10的稳定性。
在本申请的实施例中，移动设备10的轮子12可以相关技术中的方式设置，例如在移动设备10的行走方向上的两侧分别设置一列车轮；每列车轮示例性地包括在移动设备10的行走方向上并排设置的多个车轮，例如每列车轮为两个， 此时移动设备10为四轮结构。
在一实施例中，传动装置13中的多组支撑组件2000分别在移动设备10的行走方向上的两侧的分别设有一列，每列支撑组件2000包括在移动设备10的行走方向上并排设置的多组支撑组件2000。
即是说，多组支撑组件2000分为多个第一支撑组件201和多个第二支撑组件202。多个第一支撑组件201设置于传动装置13在行走方向上第一侧，并沿传动装置13的行走方向并排设置；多个第二支撑组件202设置于传动装置13在行走方向上第二侧，并沿传动装置13的行走方向并排设置。
在本申请的实施例中，驱动组件100对与轮子12对应的多组支撑组件2000的驱动方式不限，可以根据相关技术中的方式进行设置，例如设置为含有一组驱动元件110的单驱动方式，或者设置为含有两组驱动元件110的双驱动方式，又或者设置为每组支撑组件2000均设置一组驱动元件110的单独驱动方式。
在一实施例中，驱动组件100为双驱动方式，设置有两个，作为一种示例，两个驱动组件100分别为第一驱动元件1101、第二驱动元件1102、第一链条130、第二链条140及多个链轮150。需要说明的是，第一驱动元件1101和第二驱动元件1102的设置方式可以参照上述的电传动方式。
请参阅图10，每个链轮150对应设置于一组支撑组件2000。第一驱动元件1101与一个第一支撑组件2000传动连接，第一链条130通过链轮150将同一侧的多个第一支撑组件201的传动轴2300进行传动连接；第二驱动元件110与一个第二支撑组件202传动连接，第二链条140通过链轮150将同一侧的多个第二支撑组件202的传动轴2300进行传动连接。
在一实施例中，第一驱动元件1101与移动设备10行驶方向上最后方的第一支撑组件201传动连接，第二驱动元件1102与移动设备10行驶方向上最后方的第二支撑组件202传动连接，使得结构对称性好且工作稳定性好。
上述链条传动的双驱动方式，支撑组件2000分为两列并分别通过链条传动，结构简单、紧凑。通过两个驱动单元分别驱动两侧的支撑组件2000，动力强劲，同时能够通过差速调节控制转向，使得移动的可调节性更好。
上述链条传动的双驱动形式的驱动组件100，工作过程如下：
第一驱动元件1101、第二驱动元件1102分别由电机控制器控制，并分别对两侧的支撑组件2000提供动力。
当需要直线行驶时，控制第一驱动元件1101和第二驱动元件1102的转速相同且方向一致，从而实现直线前进或直线后退的运动。
当需要行驶中转向时，控制第一驱动元件1101和第二驱动元件1102的转速不同以形成速度差，通过速度差来实现转向。
当需要原地转向时，控制第一驱动元件1101和第二驱动元件1102的转速相同且方向相反，从而实现原地转向。
在一实施例中，在设置有链条传动的实施方式中，可以设置张紧元件160对链条进行张紧，使得链条具有初始的张紧力，防止链条松动、脱落，减轻链轮150、链条的磨损，延长链轮150、链条使用寿命。该张紧元件160的设置方式不限，可以根据本领域公知的方式进行选择。
请参阅图11，在一实施例中，张紧元件160包括固定板161、滑块162、张紧轮163、销轴、卡簧以及张紧螺栓164。张紧轮163通过销轴可转动地设置于滑块162，并通过与销轴配合的卡簧进行定位，对链条进行张紧。固定板161与机架11固定连接；滑块162可滑动地设置于固定板161上，并通过连接在机架11的张紧螺栓164调节与固定板161之间的相对位置，以实现对张紧轮163的调节。
请参阅图12-图13，在本申请的实施例中，支撑组件2000包括旋转元件2100、支撑元件2200以及传动轴2300。
旋转元件2100包括固定连接的旋转座211和旋转套212。该旋转座211设有与轮子12连接的第一安装部，以使旋转座211能够向轮子12上输出转动作用力。
在一实施例中，旋转座211与轮子12的连接方式不限，例如在第一安装部贯穿开设通孔，旋转座211通过第一安装部的通孔与轮子12紧固连接。
支撑元件2200包括固定连接的支撑座2210和支撑套2220。支撑座2210设有与机架11连接的第二安装部，第二安装部将支撑元件2200固定在机架11上。
在一实施例中，支撑座2210与机架11的连接方式不限，例如在第二安装部贯穿开设通孔，支撑座2210通过第二安装部的通孔与机架11紧固连接。
支撑套2220能够可转动地支撑于旋转套212内，能够承担旋转套212在径向上施加的作用力，并能够将旋转元件2100固定在车架。
传动轴2300可转动地穿设于支撑套2220内。传动轴2300的第一端能够穿出支撑座2210，与驱动组件100传动连接。传动轴2300的第二端能够固定于旋转座211，向旋转座211传递转动作用力。
在本申请中，传动轴2300作为与驱动组件100传动连接的输出轴，将传动轴2300固定于旋转座211，通过旋转座211连接在轮子12上输出转动作用力。旋转板2113受到的来自轮子12上的径向作用力能够通过旋转套212作用在支撑套2220，支撑套2220和旋转套212的配合能够有效分担传动轴2300在径向上的受力，使得传动轴2300主要承受转动的扭矩，能有效减小输出轴的负荷。支撑组件2000的受力更平衡、合理，能够提高零部件的使用寿命。
在一实施例中，在本申请的传动装置13中，为了较好地实现部件之间的转动连接，可转动地连接的部件之间可以通过轴承进行连接。
在一实施例中，传动轴2300的第一端和支撑座2210之间设置有连接轴承，使得传动轴2300和支撑座2210之间能够较好地相对转动。在一实施例中，连接传动轴2300的第一端和支撑座2210之间还设置有密封圈，密封圈位于该连接轴承的远离旋转套212的一侧，并通过卡簧进行限位，保证传动轴2300和支撑座2210的连接处具有较好的密封性。
在一实施例中，安装套2111和旋转套212之间设置有第一轴承240，使得旋转板2113受到的来自轮子12上的径向作用力能够通过旋转套212作用在第一轴承240再传递至支撑套2220，能够更好地实现径向作用力的承担。
考虑到支撑座2210用于与机架11连接，支撑套2220的靠近支撑座2210的一端的支撑强度更好，能够较好地通过第一轴承240和支撑套2220对旋转套212在径向上传递的作用力进行承担。
在一实施例中，支撑套2220可转动地连接于旋转套212内时，旋转套212的远离旋转座211的一端与支撑套2220的靠近支撑座2210的一端对应，该第一轴承240连接在旋转套212的远离旋转座211的一端内壁与支撑套2220的靠近支撑座2210的一端外壁之间。
在一实施例中，考虑到对第一轴承240在轴向上的定位，旋转套212的远离旋转座211的一端内壁凹设有第一安装槽，第一安装槽的侧壁抵持第一轴承240的外圈的靠近旋转座211的一侧侧壁。支撑套2220的靠近支撑座2210的一端外壁凸设有第一安装台，第一安装台的侧壁抵持第一轴承240的内圈的靠近支撑座2210的一侧侧壁。
考虑到旋转座211同时与轮子12、传动轴2300和旋转套212连接，需要保证较好地将来自轮子12上的径向作用力传递给旋转套212，同时还需要尽可能地避 免来自轮子12上的径向作用力对传动轴2300的影响。
在一实施例中，旋转座211包括安装套2111和旋转板2113；安装套2111具有安装段和连接段，安装段和连接段相互连接且同轴设置。
旋转板2113围设于连接段的外壁并沿连接段的径向延伸，第一安装部设置于旋转板2113上；旋转套212与连接段连接并沿连接段的轴向延伸。旋转套212和与轮子12连接的旋转板2113连接于连接段，使得旋转板2113受到的来自轮子12上的径向作用力能够较好地传递至旋转套212。安装段设置为固定传动轴2300的第二端，由于安装段位于连接段的远离旋转套212的一侧，能有效避免传动轴2300的第二端受到旋转套212传递的径向上的作用力。
将旋转板2113直接连接在轮子12上，自轮子12上的径向作用力会首先通过旋转板2113作用在安装套2111上，通过支撑套2220对安装套2111进行支撑，能够提高支撑套2220对径向作用下的分担作用。
在一实施例中，支撑套2220可转动地连接于旋转套212内时，支撑套2220的远离支撑座2210的一端可转动地支撑于安装套2111内。支撑套2220的远离支撑座2210的一端对安装套2111及连接在安装套2111上的旋转板2113具有一定的支撑作用，进一步承担旋转板2113传递在安装套2111上的径向作用力，能够有效分担传动轴2300的第二端与安装套2111连接处的径向作用力，以更好地减小传动轴2300在径向上的受力。
在一实施例中，支撑套2220的远离支撑座2210的一端与安装套2111之间设置有第二轴承250，使得旋转板2113受到的来自轮子12上的径向作用力能够通过旋转套212作用在第二轴承250再传递至安装套2111，能够更好地实现径向作用力的承担。
在一实施例中，旋转板2113与安装套2111的连接段直接连接，示例性地，第二轴承250位于连接段并与旋转板2113对应。由于旋转板2113直接与轮子12连接受力较大，第二轴承250位于连接段并与旋转板2113对应，能够较好地对连接段和旋转板2113进行支撑，使得支撑套2220能够较好地承担旋转板2113传递在安装套2111上的径向作用力。考虑到安装段与传动轴2300的第二端的连接方式，会影响传动轴2300的第二端的连接稳定性及受力情况。
在一实施例中，安装段的端面凹设有定位孔2112；传动轴2300的第二端沿轴体的周向凸设有安装凸台2310；安装凸台2310开设有与定孔2112对应的连接 通孔232。传动轴2300的第二端沿轴体通过安装凸台2310与安装段的端面进行连接，连接方便、稳固。而且，传动轴2300与安装段的连接作用力在轴向上，能够有效避免对传动轴2300产生径向上的作用力。
在一实施例中，安装凸台2310的靠近安装套2111的一侧还凸设有限位凸起233，该限位凸起233可转动地支撑于安装段内，对传动轴2300于安装段在轴向上的相对位置进行固定，同时使得传动轴2300的轴本体与旋转套212之间保持固定的间隙。
本申请中，驱动组件100向支撑组件2000的传动轴2300输出动力，传动轴2300将转动作用力传递给旋转座211，旋转座211连接于轮子12并驱动轮子12转动。旋转座211受到的来自轮子12上的径向作用力时，通过旋转套212作用在支撑套2220，支撑套2220和旋转套212的配合有效分担传动轴2300在径向上的受力，使得传动轴2300主要承受转动的扭矩，有效减小输出轴的负荷。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种快换结构，设置为将具有安装面的工作件连接于机臂，其中，所述快换结构包括：
    主体，与机臂连接，所述主体包括第一边缘和第二边缘；
    卡接件，与所述工作件的所述安装面固定连接，所述卡接件设有侧向开口的限位槽，所述限位槽位于所述限位槽的底部，所述第一边缘可卡入所述限位槽进行固定；及
    调节机构，与所述主体可拆卸连接以固定所述第二边缘并能使所述第一边缘保持嵌设于所述限位槽内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的快换结构，其中，所述第一边缘和所述第二边缘分别位于所述主体的相对两侧，由所述第一边缘指向所述第二边缘的方向为预设方向，所述调节机构包括：
    安装座，与所述主体连接；
    调节杆，与所述安装座螺纹连接，并设置为在所述主体的第一边缘卡入所述限位槽后限制所述主体沿预设方向移动；及
    锁定件，与所述工作件可拆卸地连接并限制所述主体远离所述安装面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的快换结构，其中，所述主体具有避让孔，所述锁定件包括压块和固定轴，所述固定轴可穿设于所述避让孔内，所述固定轴的第一端与所述安装面固定连接，所述固定轴的第二端与所述压块可拆卸连接；
    其中，所述避让孔至少在所述预设方向上的尺寸大于所述固定轴的直径。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的快换结构，其中，所述避让孔为沿所述预设方向延伸的腰型孔。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的快换结构，其中，所述调节机构包括：设置于所述主体的导槽，所述导槽沿所述预设方向延伸，所述压块沿所述预设方向可滑动地嵌设于所述导槽内，所述避让孔位于所述导槽内。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的快换结构，还包括螺母，所述固定轴的第二端设有螺纹，所述固定轴通过所述螺母与所述压块可拆卸连接。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的快换结构，其中，所述调节杆的第一端螺纹连接于所述安装座，所述调节杆的第二端螺纹连接于所述压块。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的快换结构，其中，所述卡接件呈板状，所述卡接件具有与所述第一边缘配合的斜面，所述限位槽位于所述斜面与所述安 装面之间，且所述斜面与所述安装面之间的夹角呈锐角。
  9. 一种工作件组件，包括工作件以及权利要求1-8任意一项所述的快换结构其中，所述卡接件固定于所述工作件的所述安装面上。
  10. 一种装载机，包括机臂、工作件及如权利要求1-9任一项所述的快换结构；
    其中，所述主体远离所述安装面的一侧与所述机臂的动臂、所述机臂的油缸分别可拆卸铰接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装载机，还包括传动装置，所述传动装置包括多组支撑组件；以及所述驱动组件，所述驱动组件与所述支撑组件的一端传动连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装载机，还包括机架，所述驱动组件包括驱动元件和安装元件；所述驱动元件包括驱动电机和减速机，所述驱动电机、所述减速机以及所述传动轴的第一端依次传动连接；所述安装元件与所述机架连接，所述减速机与所述安装元件连接。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的装载机，其中，所述多组支撑组件分为多个第一支撑组件和多个第二支撑组件；多个所述第一支撑组件设置于所述传动装置在行走方向上第一侧，并沿所述传动装置的行走方向并排设置；多个所述第二支撑组件设置于所述传动装置在行走方向上第二侧，并沿所述传动装置的行走方向并排设置；
    所述驱动组件包括第一驱动元件、第二驱动元件、第一链条及第二链条；所述第一驱动元件与一个所述第一支撑组件传动连接，所述第一链条设置为将所述多个第一支撑组件的所述传动轴进行传动连接；所述第二驱动元件与一个所述第二支撑组件传动连接，所述第二链条设置为将所述多个第二支撑组件的所述传动轴进行传动连接。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的装载机，还包括轮子，所述支撑组件包括：
    旋转元件，包括固定连接的旋转座和旋转套；所述轮子与所述旋转座连接；
    支撑元件，包括固定连接的支撑座和支撑套；所述支撑座与所述机架连接，且所述支撑套可转动地支撑于所述旋转套内；以及
    传动轴，可转动地穿设于所述支撑套内；所述传动轴的第一端穿过所述支撑座，并与驱动组件传动连接；所述传动轴的第二端与所述旋转座固定连接， 并设置为向所述旋转座传递转动作用力。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的装载机，其中，所述支撑套可转动地连接于所述旋转套时，所述旋转套的远离所述旋转座的一端与所述支撑套的靠近所述支撑座的一端对应，且所述支撑组件还包括第一轴承，所述旋转套和所述支撑套之间连接所述第一轴承。
  16. 根据权利要求14-15任一项所述的装载机，其中，所述旋转座包括安装套和旋转板；所述安装套的第一端与所述传动轴的第二端固定连接；所述旋转板围设于所述安装套的第二端的外壁并沿所述安装套的径向延伸，所述轮子可拆卸安装于所述旋转板上；所述旋转套与所述安装套的第二端连接并沿所述安装套的轴向延伸。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装载机，其中，所述支撑套可转动地连接于所述旋转套内，所述支撑套的远离所述支撑座的一端可转动地支撑于所述安装套内。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装载机，还包括第二轴承，所述旋转套和所述安装套之间连接所述第二轴承，所述第二轴承位于所述连接段内并与所述旋转板对应。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的装载机，其中，所述安装段的端面凹设有定位孔；所述传动轴的第二端沿轴体的周向凸设有安装凸台；所述安装凸台开设有与所述定位孔对应的连接通孔。
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