WO2022121325A1 - 一种防滑粉末涂料及其制备方法和喷涂工艺 - Google Patents

一种防滑粉末涂料及其制备方法和喷涂工艺 Download PDF

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WO2022121325A1
WO2022121325A1 PCT/CN2021/108526 CN2021108526W WO2022121325A1 WO 2022121325 A1 WO2022121325 A1 WO 2022121325A1 CN 2021108526 W CN2021108526 W CN 2021108526W WO 2022121325 A1 WO2022121325 A1 WO 2022121325A1
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powder
skid
powder coating
flour
epoxy resin
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PCT/CN2021/108526
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English (en)
French (fr)
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魏育福
吴严明
黄焯轩
朱新平
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广东西敦千江粉漆科学研究有限公司
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Priority to KR1020227042688A priority Critical patent/KR102566052B1/ko
Publication of WO2022121325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022121325A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B05D3/0272—After-treatment with ovens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/10—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an adhesive surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/03—Powdery paints
    • C09D5/032—Powdery paints characterised by a special effect of the produced film, e.g. wrinkle, pearlescence, matt finish
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/03—Powdery paints
    • C09D5/033—Powdery paints characterised by the additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2301/00—Inorganic additives or organic salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2401/00—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like
    • B05D2401/30—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant
    • B05D2401/32—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant applied as powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2503/00—Polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2504/00—Epoxy polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of preparation and spraying of polymer materials, in particular to a non-slip powder coating and a preparation method and spraying process thereof.
  • the friction coefficient of the surface of the object will decrease, and people or objects are prone to sliding.
  • the bathroom floor and wall are easy to fall and endanger people's health.
  • the object is easy to slip and cause property damage, and the floor of the public toilet is slippery, which is easy to fall and endanger people's health.
  • the above-mentioned anti-skid principle has certain shortcomings in a humid environment. For example, a large amount of water will significantly reduce the friction coefficient, thereby making the anti-skid performance of the coating ineffective.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a practicable powder coating that can provide excellent anti-skid performance in both dry and wet environments, a preparation method and a coating process thereof.
  • the anti-skid powder coating is composed of base powder and flour;
  • the base powder is composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: epoxy resin: 50.0-65.0%; curing agent: 2.5-17.0%; Modified TPU resin: 10.0-20.0%; Sand texture agent: 0.5%-1.0%; Benzoin: 0.1-0.3%; Pigment: 3.0-25.0%; Filler: 0-27.0%;
  • the flour is composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: TPU resin: 60-90%; Nano silica: 0.5%-1.0%; Water: 1.0-5.0%; Pigment: 3.0-25.0%; Filler: 0-26.0%; the above percentages add up to 100%.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the above-mentioned anti-skid powder coating, comprising the following steps:
  • the base powder is weighed according to the formula percentage; the twin-screw extruder is heated up to the preset first temperature value, melt extrusion, cooling and tableting, coarse crushing, ACM grinding and pulverization are carried out, and the average particle size is 25 -45 ⁇ m base powder powder; (2) Weigh the raw materials of the flour according to the formula percentage, and when the single-screw extruder is heated to the preset second temperature value, perform melt extrusion, cooling and tableting, and water-cooling coarse crushing; ACM milling is carried out at the third temperature value, and the flour powder with an average particle size of 15-20 ⁇ m is obtained by classification.
  • the present invention also provides a spraying process for coating the above-mentioned anti-skid powder coating, comprising the following steps:
  • step (1) On the surface of the treated metal substrate, use electrostatic spraying to spray the base powder for use; (2) On the basis of step (1), use electrostatic spraying to spray flour for use; (3) Repeat The above steps (1) and (2) are sprayed again; (4) the twice-sprayed substrate is placed in an oven with a temperature of 200°C-220°C and baked for 15-20min to obtain a non-slip powder coating; During the process, the sprayed surface of the metal substrate is set parallel to the horizontal ground.
  • the protruding columnar shape and the elasticity of the TPU material in a dry environment can provide excellent anti-skid performance
  • the surface of the loose and porous elastic flour coating produces a capillary phenomenon that absorbs a large amount of liquid .
  • the nano-silicon dioxide in the flour formula of the present invention plays the role of helping the pigment and the TPU resin to disperse, and more importantly, helps the TPU resin absorb and lock the water in the formula, reducing the volatilization of water in the extrusion process of the raw materials, Helps to form a loose and porous coating;
  • the base powder of the present invention adopts epoxy resin system, and utilizes its excellent anti-corrosion performance to make up for the shortcoming that the flour cannot completely protect the base material if it is directly coated on the base material because it is loose and porous. Roughness, thereby increasing the contact area with the flour, and further adding modified TPU resin to increase the compatibility of the base powder and the flour, preventing the coating from falling off the flour layer after long-term use;
  • the pulverizing process of the present invention is designed according to the uniqueness of the formula. Compared with epoxy resin, TPU resin has a higher melting point and higher viscosity. The bottom powder must be extruded and mixed with a twin-screw extruder, and the mixing effect is better. Good; the flour formula has high TPU resin content and requires higher temperature. When extruding, a single-screw extruder is used to provide better dispersion. When pulverizing into powder, it must be pulverized below the embrittlement temperature of TPU resin. Nitrogen crushing and classification can provide ultra-low temperature crushing at minus 40-100 °C.
  • the average particle size of the flour powder coating designed by the present invention is 15-20 ⁇ m, which can generate a finer columnar coating when the powder is baked, thereby producing a capillary phenomenon;
  • the matching coating process provided by the present invention adopts a baking method in which two coatings and one baking are used, and the spraying surface is parallel to the ground to form a columnar coating.
  • Fig. 1 is the preparation process route of the anti-skid powder coating of the present invention.
  • the anti-skid powder coating of the present invention can be applied to various environments such as dry and wet; the anti-skid powder coating is composed of base powder and flour; the base powder is composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage:
  • Epoxy resin 50.0-65.0%
  • Curing agent 2.5-17.0%
  • Modified TPU resin 10.0-20.0%;
  • Sand texture agent 0.5%-1.0%;
  • the flour is composed of the following raw materials by weight:
  • TPU resin 60-90%
  • Nano silica 0.5%-1.0%;
  • the preparation process route of the anti-skid powder coating of the present invention As shown in Figure 1, it is the preparation process route of the anti-skid powder coating of the present invention; in the present invention, the preparation method of the anti-skid powder coating comprises the following steps:
  • the base powder is weighed according to the formula percentage; the twin-screw extruder is heated up to the preset first temperature value, melt extrusion, cooling and tableting, coarse crushing, ACM grinding and pulverization are carried out, and the average particle size is 25 -45 ⁇ m foundation powder;
  • the flour is weighed according to the formula percentage, and the single-screw extruder is heated to a preset second temperature value, and then melt extrusion, cooling and tableting, and water-cooled coarse crushing are performed; ACM is performed under the preset third temperature value. Grind and classify to obtain flour powder with an average particle size of 15-20 ⁇ m.
  • the preset first temperature value is 100-110°C
  • the preset second temperature value is 180-200°C
  • the preset third temperature value is minus 40-100°C.
  • a spraying process of two coatings and one baking which includes the following steps:
  • step (1) On the basis of step (1), the flour is sprayed by electrostatic spraying for use;
  • the sample powder of two kinds of anti-skid powder coatings is prepared, wherein:
  • Sample powder 1 The base powder is composed of the following raw materials by weight:
  • Flour consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
  • TPU resin 75%
  • Nano silica 0.75%
  • Sample powder 2 The base powder is composed of the following raw materials by weight:
  • Flour consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
  • TPU resin 75%
  • Nano silica 0.75%
  • sample powder 1 and sample powder 2 are exactly the same; the difference between sample powder 1 and sample powder 2 is that in sample powder 1, the base powder contains modified TPU resin, and the weight ratio is 15% ; And there is no modified TPU resin in sample powder 2.
  • the epoxy resin includes bisphenol A epoxy resin, phenolic modified epoxy resin, hydrogenated or brominated bisphenol A epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, alicyclic glycidyl ether type One or more of epoxy resin and alicyclic glycidyl ester type epoxy resin.
  • the curing agent includes dicyandiamide, substituted dicyandiamide, aromatic amine, dicarboxylic acid dihydrazide, acid anhydride, imidazole, imidazoline, cyclic amidine, boron trifluoride amine complex, phenolic hydroxyl
  • the modified TPU resin is epoxy resin-modified polyurethane microspheres
  • the TPU resin is polyether thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the preparation process of the anti-skid powder coating is as follows:
  • sample powder 1 is weighed according to the formula percentage, and the temperature of the twin-screw extruder is raised to 108 ° C, and then melt extrusion, cooling and tableting, coarse crushing, ACM grinding and grading are performed to obtain a sample with an average particle size of 30 ⁇ m.
  • sample powder 2 of sample powder 1 is weighed according to the formula percentage, and the temperature of the single-screw extruder is raised to 190 ° C, and then melt extrusion, cooling tableting, water-cooling coarse crushing, and the third temperature value is below zero.
  • the anti-skid powder coating will be sprayed on the surface of the metal substrate.
  • the coating process of sample powder 1 and sample powder 2 is the same, including the following steps:
  • the base powder of the sample powder 1 and the base powder of the sample powder 2 obtained in the above-mentioned steps (1) and (2) are sprayed respectively by electrostatic spraying to obtain a semi-finished product workpiece 1 and workpiece 2, spare;
  • step a the method of electrostatic spraying is also used to spray flour on the surface of semi-finished product workpiece 1 and workpiece 2, for subsequent use;
  • step (c) on the basis of step b, the sprayed surfaces of semi-finished workpiece 1 and workpiece 2, repeat step (a) and step (b), that is, the surface of the metal substrate is sprayed twice;
  • the base powder formula of sample powder 2 does not contain modified TPU resin; therefore, the bonding force between the coatings of the base powder and flour of sample powder 2 decreases after baking; Modified TPU resin is added, and the bonding force between the coating is very strong after the base powder and the flour are baked. Especially after the accelerated test to simulate the long-term performance, the results of sample powder 1 and sample powder 2 are significantly different, which further confirms the above conclusion.
  • Sample powder 3 The foundation powder is composed of the following raw materials by weight:
  • Flour consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
  • TPU resin 75%
  • Nano silica 0.75%
  • the preparation process of the anti-skid powder coating is as follows:
  • sample powder 3 is weighed according to the formula percentage, and the temperature of the twin-screw extruder is raised to 108 ° C, and then melt extrusion, cooling and tableting, coarse crushing, ACM grinding and grading are performed to obtain a sample with an average particle size of 30 ⁇ m.
  • sample powder 3 Weigh the flour of sample powder 3 and weigh the raw materials according to the formula percentage. After the single-screw extruder is heated to 190°C, melt extrusion, cooling and tableting, water-cooling coarse crushing, and the third temperature value is minus 40-100°C. The range ACM milling powder was classified to obtain flour powder with an average particle size of 18 ⁇ m.
  • the spraying process of the anti-skid powder coating is the same as that in the specific embodiment 1; on the surface of the metal substrate, after spraying the sample powder 3 by the spraying process, the sample 3 is obtained.
  • Sample 1 Sample 3 Exterior rough rougher water absorption 80% 1%
  • Sample powder 4 The base powder is composed of the following raw materials by weight:
  • Flour consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
  • TPU resin 75%
  • Nano silica 0.75%
  • the formula of the sample powder 4 is exactly the same as that of the sample powder 1 in the specific embodiment 1.
  • the preparation process of the anti-skid powder coating of sample powder 4 is as follows:
  • sample powder 4 is weighed according to the formula percentage and the raw material is weighed, and the twin-screw extruder is heated to 108 ° C, and then melt extrusion, cooling and tableting, coarse crushing, ACM grinding and grading are carried out to obtain a sample with an average particle size of 30 ⁇ m.
  • sample powder 4 is weighed according to the formula percentage and the raw material is weighed, and the twin-screw extruder is heated to 100 ° C, and then melt extrusion, cooling and tableting, coarse crushing, ACM grinding and grading are performed to obtain a sample with an average particle size of 30 ⁇ m. Powder 2 Foundation Powder.
  • the average particle size of the flour of sample powder 4 is 30 ⁇ m, while the average particle size of the flour of sample powder 1 is 18 ⁇ m.
  • the spraying process of the sample powder 4 is the same as that of the sample powder 1 in the specific embodiment 1.
  • Sample 4 was obtained by spraying sample powder 4 on the surface of the metal substrate by using a spraying process.
  • step a on the basis of step a, also adopt the mode of electrostatic spraying to spray flour on the surface of semi-finished product workpiece 5, standby;
  • step b On the basis of step b, the sprayed surface of the semi-finished workpiece 5 repeats step (a) and step (b), that is, the surface of the metal substrate is sprayed twice;
  • sample 5 is obviously flat compared with sample 1, which indicates that the coating forms less pillars and the water absorption decreases, indicating that the capillary phenomenon is weakened, resulting in surface adsorption. force decreased.
  • the formulation, preparation process and coating process of the anti-skid powder coating are synergistic and intersect with each other, and the design of each parameter is set to achieve the effect of the coating, Its effect is very significant.

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Abstract

本发明涉及高分子材料的制备和喷涂领域，具体公开了一种防滑粉末涂料；由底粉和面粉组成；所述底粉由以下原料按重量百分比组成：环氧树脂：50.0-65.0％；固化剂：2.5-17.0％；改性TPU树脂：10.0-20.0％；砂纹剂：0.5％-1.0％；安息香：0.1-0.3％；颜料：3.0-25.0％；填料：0-27.0％；上述百分比之和为100％；所述面粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：TPU树脂：60-90％；纳米二氧化硅：0.5％-1.0％；水：1.0-5.0％；颜料：3.0-25.0％；填料：0-26.0％；上述百分比之和为100％。本发明还提供了一种防滑粉末涂料的制备方法和喷涂工艺；本发明的防滑粉末涂料可以应用在干、湿等多种环境，防滑效果好，实用性强。

Description

一种防滑粉末涂料及其制备方法和喷涂工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料的制备及喷涂领域，尤其涉及一种防滑粉末涂料及其制备方法和喷涂工艺。
背景技术
我们日常生活及工业生产中，在潮湿环境下，物体表面的摩擦系数会下降，人或者物容易发生滑动，如浴室底板和墙面容易摔倒危害人的健康，又如洗手台周边放置物价时，物件易滑落造成财产的损失，再如公共厕所底板湿滑，容易摔倒危害人的健康。
目前市场上，有出现提高涂层防滑性能的方式，如专利CN110982376A所述一种防滑粉末涂料及其在线涂装方法，通过增加涂层表面粗糙度的原理提高涂层的防滑能力；又如CN104710926A所述一种SiC纤维增强的聚氨酯系防滑涂料及其制备方法，通过提高涂层表面的摩擦系数提高涂层的防滑能力。
但是上述防滑原理，在潮湿的环境下存在一定不足，例如大量的水会明显降低摩擦系数，从而使涂层的防滑性能失效。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种切实可行的，在干湿环境下均能提供优异的防滑性能的粉末涂料、其制备方法及涂装工艺。
为达到上述的技术目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：所述防滑粉末涂料由底粉和面粉组成；所述底粉由以下原料按重量百分比组成：环氧树脂： 50.0-65.0％；固化剂：2.5-17.0％；改性TPU树脂：10.0-20.0％；砂纹剂：0.5％-1.0％；安息香：0.1-0.3％；颜料：3.0-25.0％；填料：0-27.0％；上述百分比之和为100％；所述面粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：TPU树脂：60-90％；纳米二氧化硅：0.5％-1.0％；水：1.0-5.0％；颜料：3.0-25.0％；填料：0-26.0％；上述百分比之和为100％。
本发明还提供一种制备上述防滑粉末涂料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将底粉按配方百分比称取原材料；待双螺杆挤出机升温至预设第一温度值，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、粗破碎、ACM磨粉碎，分级得到平均粒径25-45μm的底粉粉末；(2)将面粉按配方百分比称取原材料，待单螺杆挤出机升温至预设第二温度值，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、水冷粗破碎；在预设第三温度值下进行ACM磨粉，分级得到平均粒径15-20μm的面粉粉末。
本发明还提供一种涂装上述上述防滑粉末涂料的喷涂工艺，包括如下步骤：
(1)在经过处理后的金属底材表面，采用静电喷涂的方式喷涂底粉，备用；(2)在步骤(1)的基础上,采用静电喷涂的方式喷涂面粉，备用；(3)重复上述步骤(1)和(2)进行再次喷涂；(4)将经两次喷涂的底材放置于温度为200℃-220℃的烤炉中烘烤15-20min，得到防滑粉末涂层；放置过程中，金属底材的喷涂面与水平地面平行设置。
相对于传统防滑粉末涂料，本发明中：
1.通过在面粉配方中加入1-5％的水，在粉末涂料烘烤时，水分挥发，造成涂层的面粉层疏松多孔，另外在烘烤时将喷涂面与地面平行放置，利用重力和高温时TPU树脂软化垂直于底材生长出突起的柱状涂层。在涂层的使用过程中，干燥的环境下突起的柱状以及TPU材料的弹性能够提供优异的防滑性能，而在潮湿的环境下，疏松多孔的弹性面粉涂层表面产生毛细现象，吸收大量的液体， 当人体或者物体对涂层施加力时，涂层受到挤压，排出吸收的液体，产生局部压力差，吸住施加力的人或物，从而起到防滑的作用；
2.本发明面粉配方中的纳米二氧化硅起到帮助颜料和TPU树脂分散的作用，更重要的是帮助TPU树脂吸收和锁住配方中的水，减少原材料在挤出过程中水分的挥发，帮助形成疏松多孔的涂层；
3.本发明底粉采用环氧树脂体系，利用其优异的防腐性能，弥补面粉因疏松多孔的如果直接涂装于底材导致无法完全保护底材的缺点，同时添加砂纹剂增加底粉的粗糙度，进而提高和面粉的接触面积，更进一步的添加改性TPU树脂增加底粉和面粉的相容性，防止涂层长时间使用面粉层脱落；
4.本发明配套的制粉工艺是根据配方的独特性设计的，TPU树脂与环氧树脂相比熔点高，粘度大，底粉挤出混炼必须采用双螺杆挤出机，混炼效果更好；面粉配方TPU树脂含量高，需要更高的温度，挤出时采用单螺杆挤出机提供更好的分散，而粉碎成粉末时，必须在TPU树脂的脆化温度以下才能粉碎，采用液氮粉碎分级，能够提供零下40-100℃的超低温粉碎。
5.本发明设计的面粉粉末涂料平均粒径15-20μm，可以在粉末烘烤时生成较细的柱状涂层，从而产生毛细现象；
6.本发明提供的配套涂装工艺，采用两涂一烤，并且喷涂面与地面平行的烘烤方式，形成柱状涂层。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明的防滑粉末涂料的制备工艺路线路。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
本发明的防滑粉末涂料，可应用于干、湿等多种环境；该防滑粉末涂料由底粉和面粉组成；所述底粉由以下原料按重量百分比组成：
环氧树脂：50.0-65.0％；
固化剂：2.5-17.0％；
改性TPU树脂：10.0-20.0％；
砂纹剂：0.5％-1.0％；
安息香：0.1-0.3％；
颜料：3.0-25.0％；
填料：0-27.0％；
上述百分比之和为100％；
所述面粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
TPU树脂：60-90％；
纳米二氧化硅：0.5％-1.0％；
水：1.0-5.0％；
颜料：3.0-25.0％；
填料：0-26.0％；
上述百分比之和为100％。
如图1所示，为本发明的防滑粉末涂料的制备工艺路线路；本发明中，防滑粉末涂料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将底粉按配方百分比称取原材料；待双螺杆挤出机升温至预设第一温度值，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、粗破碎、ACM磨粉碎，分级得到平均粒径25-45μm的底粉粉末；
(2)将面粉按配方百分比称取原材料，待单螺杆挤出机升温至预设第二温度值，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、水冷粗破碎；在预设第三温度值下进行ACM磨粉，分级得到平均粒径15-20μm的面粉粉末。
作为优选方案，所述预设第一温度值为100-110℃、预设第二温度值为180-200℃、预设第三温度值为零下40-100℃。
本发明中，防滑粉末涂料的涂装过程中，采用两涂一烤的喷涂工艺，包括如下步骤：
(1)在经过处理后的金属底材表面，采用静电喷涂的方式喷涂底粉，备用；
(2)在步骤(1)的基础上,采用静电喷涂的方式喷涂面粉，备用；
(3)重复上述步骤(1)和(2)进行再次喷涂；
(4)将经两次喷涂的底材放置于温度为200℃-220℃的烤炉中烘烤15-20min，得到防滑粉末涂层；放置过程中，金属底材的喷涂面与水平地面平行设置。
具体实施例一：
本实施例中，制备两种防滑粉末涂料的样粉，其中:
样粉1：底粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
环氧树脂：55％
固化剂：5％
改性TPU树脂：15％
砂纹剂：0.7％
安息香：0.2％
颜料：10％
填料14.1％；
面粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
TPU树脂：75％；
纳米二氧化硅：0.75％；
水：3.0％；
颜料：12％；
填料：9.25％。
样粉2：底粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
环氧树脂：55％
固化剂：5％
改性TPU树脂：15％
砂纹剂：0.7％
安息香：0.2％
颜料：10％
填料29.1％；
面粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
TPU树脂：75％；
纳米二氧化硅：0.75％；
水：3.0％；
颜料：12％；
填料：9.25％。
本实施例中，样粉1和样粉2的面粉的配比是完全一样；样粉1和样粉2的区别在于，样粉1中，底粉含有改性TPU树脂，重量比例为15％；而样粉2中无改性TPU树脂。
本发明中，所述环氧树脂包括双酚A型环氧树脂、酚醛改性环氧树脂、氢化或溴化双酚A环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂、脂环族缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂、脂环族缩水甘油酯型环氧树脂中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述固化剂包括双氰胺、取代双氰胺、芳香族胺、二羧酸二酰肼、酸酐、咪唑类、咪唑啉、环脒、三氟化硼胺络合物、酚羟基树脂中的一种或多种；所述改性TPU树脂为环氧树脂修饰的聚氨酯微球；所述TPU树脂为聚醚型热塑型聚氨酯。
本实施例中，防滑粉末涂料的制备过程如下：
1)将样粉1的底粉按配方百分比称取原材料，待双螺杆挤出机升温至108℃，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、粗破碎、ACM磨粉碎分级得到平均粒径30μm的样粉1底粉粉末；
2)将样粉2的底粉按配方百分比称取原材料，待双螺杆挤出机升温至100℃，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、粗破碎、ACM磨粉碎分级得到平均粒径30μm的样粉2底粉粉末；
3)将样粉1的样粉2的面粉，按配方百分比称取原材料，待单螺杆挤出机升温至190℃，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、水冷粗破碎、在第三温度值零下40-100℃范围ACM磨粉分级得到平均粒径18μm的面粉粉末。
本实施例中，将在金属底材表面进行防滑粉末涂料的喷涂，样粉1和样粉2配套的涂装工艺一样，包括以下步骤：
(a)在经前处理的金属底材表面，采用静电喷涂的方式分别喷涂上述步骤(1)和(2)制得的样粉1的底粉和样粉2的底粉，得到半成品工件1和工件2，备用；
(b)在步骤a的基础上同样采用静电喷涂的方式分别在半成品工件1和工件2的表面喷涂面粉，备用；
(c)在步骤b的基础上，半成品工件1和工件2的喷涂面，再重复步骤(a)和步骤(b)，即金属底材的表面，是经过两次喷涂；
(d)将金属底材的喷涂面，放置于温度为210℃的烤炉中烘烤15min，得样品1和样品2。放置过程中金属底材的喷涂面与水平地面平行放置。
对上述样粉1和样粉2进行测试，得出对比表1：
Figure PCTCN2021108526-appb-000001
对比表1
由上表可知，样粉2的底粉配方中，没有包含改性TPU树脂；因此，样粉2的底粉和面粉在烘烤后，涂层间的结合力出现下降；而样粉1中添加有改性TPU树脂，其底粉和面粉在烘烤后，涂层间的结合力非常坚固。特别是在经过 模拟长期性能的加速测试后，样粉1和样粉2的结果区别明显，更加证实上述结论。
具体实施例二：
本实施例中，制备一种防滑粉末涂料的样粉，
样粉3：底粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
环氧树脂：55％
固化剂：5％
改性TPU树脂：15％
砂纹剂：0.7％
安息香：0.2％
颜料：10％
填料：14.1％；
面粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
TPU树脂：75％；
纳米二氧化硅：0.75％；
颜料：12％；
填料：12.25％。
本实施例中，防滑粉末涂料的制备过程如下：
1)将样粉3的底粉按配方百分比称取原材料，待双螺杆挤出机升温至108℃，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、粗破碎、ACM磨粉碎分级得到平均粒径30μm的样粉3底粉粉末；
2)将样粉3的面粉，按配方百分比称取原材料，待单螺杆挤出机升温至190℃，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、水冷粗破碎、在第三温度值零下40-100℃范围ACM磨粉分级得到平均粒径18μm的面粉粉末。
本实施例中，防滑粉末涂料的喷涂工艺与具体实施例一中相同；在金属底材表面，通过采用喷涂工艺喷涂样粉3后，得到样品3。
对上述样品3和具体实施例一中的样品2，得出对比表2：
  样品1 样品3
外观 粗糙 较粗糙
吸水性 80％ 1％
对比表2
由上表可以看出，样粉3的面粉配方中，没有加入水；在喷涂后，无法造成涂层疏松多孔，导致吸水量下降明显，因此也无法形成毛细现象的条件。
具体实施例三：
本实施例中，制备一种防滑粉末涂料的样粉，
样粉4：底粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
环氧树脂：55％
固化剂：5％
改性TPU树脂：15％
砂纹剂：0.7％
安息香：0.2％
颜料：10％
填料：14.1％；
面粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
TPU树脂：75％；
纳米二氧化硅：0.75％；
水：3.0％；
颜料：12％；
填料：9.25％。
本实施例中，样粉4的配方，与具体实施例一中的样粉1的配比完全相同。
本实施例中，样粉4的防滑粉末涂料的制备过程如下：
1)将样粉4的底粉按配方百分比称取原材料，待双螺杆挤出机升温至108℃，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、粗破碎、ACM磨粉碎分级得到平均粒径30μm的样粉4底粉粉末；
2)将样粉4的底粉按配方百分比称取原材料，待双螺杆挤出机升温至100℃，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、粗破碎、ACM磨粉碎分级得到平均粒径30μm的样粉2底粉粉末。
可以看出，在制备过程中，样粉4的面粉平均粒径为30μm，而样粉1的面粉平均粒径为18μm。
本实施例中，样粉4与具体实施例一中的样粉1的喷涂工艺相同。在金属底材表面，通过采用喷涂工艺喷涂样粉4后，得到样品4。
对上述样品4和具体实施例一中的样品1进行测试对比，得出对比表3：
  样品1 样品4
外观 粗糙 大颗粒
吸水性 79％ 53％
表面吸附力 0.98N 0.02N
对比表3
由上述对比表3，可以看出，样粉4的面粉平均粒径为30μm时，其表面的吸水性和对物体的吸附力下降明显，且表面更由粗糙变成大颗粒，柱状TPU涂层直径过粗，毛细效果减弱，导致吸水性下降，同时涂层受到挤压时产生的压力差变小，进而表面吸附力变小。
具体实施例四：
本实施例中，采用与具体实施例一中的样粉1相同的配方，以及相同的制备方法；在金属底材表面进行涂装时，采用如下喷涂工艺：
(a)在经前处理的金属底材表面，采用静电喷涂的方式喷涂样粉4的底粉得到半成品工件5，备用；
(b)在步骤a的基础上，同样采用静电喷涂的方式在半成品工件5的表面喷涂面粉，备用；
(c)在步骤b的基础上，半成品工件5的喷涂面，再重复步骤(a)和步骤(b)，即金属底材的表面，是经过两次喷涂；
(d)将金属底材的喷涂面，放置于温度为210℃的烤炉中烘烤15min，得样品5；放置过程中，金属底材的喷涂面与水平地面垂直设置。
由上述喷涂工艺可以看出，本实施例中，在对金属底材表面进行喷涂后，放置在烤炉中，金属底材的喷涂面与水平地面垂直设置；而具体实施例一种，金属底材的喷涂面与水平地面是水平角度设置。由此，得出对比表4：
  样品1 样品5
外观 粗糙 较平整
吸水性 82％ 3％
表面吸附力 0.99N 0N
对比表4
由上表可知，样品5通过改变工件烘烤时喷涂面的角度，与样品1对比，外观明显平整，说明涂层形成的柱状物较少，吸水性下降，说明毛细现象减弱，从而导致表面吸附力下降。
通过具体实施例1-4可以说明，本发明中，防滑粉末涂料的配方、制备工艺和涂装工艺均是协同作用，相互交叉，每个参数的设计均是为了达到涂层的效果而设置，其作用非常显著。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种防滑粉末涂料，其特征在于，所述防滑粉末涂料由底粉和面粉组成；所述底粉由以下原料按重量百分比组成：
    环氧树脂：50.0-65.0％；
    固化剂：2.5-17.0％；
    改性TPU树脂：10.0-20.0％；
    砂纹剂：0.5％-1.0％；
    安息香：0.1-0.3％；
    颜料：3.0-25.0％；
    填料：0-27.0％；
    上述百分比之和为100％；
    所述面粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
    TPU树脂：60-90％；
    纳米二氧化硅：0.5％-1.0％；
    水：1.0-5.0％；
    颜料：3.0-25.0％；
    填料：0-26.0％；
    上述百分比之和为100％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防滑粉末涂料，其特征在于：所述环氧树脂包括双酚A型环氧树脂、酚醛改性环氧树脂、氢化或溴化双酚A环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂、脂环族缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂、脂环族缩水甘油酯型环氧树脂中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防滑粉末涂料，其特征在于：所述固化剂包括双氰胺、取代双氰胺、芳香族胺、二羧酸二酰肼、酸酐、咪唑类、咪唑啉、环脒、三氟化硼胺络合物、酚羟基树脂中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的防滑粉末涂料，其特征在于：所述改性TPU树脂为环氧树脂修饰的聚氨酯微球。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的防滑粉末涂料，其特征在于：所述TPU树脂为聚醚型热塑型聚氨酯。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的防滑粉末涂料，其特征在于：所述防滑粉末涂料由底粉和面粉组成；所述底粉由以下原料按重量百分比组成：
    环氧树脂：55.0％；
    固化剂：5.0％；
    改性TPU树脂：15.0％；
    砂纹剂：0.7％；
    安息香：0.2％；
    颜料：10.0％；
    填料：14.1％；
    所述面粉由以下原材料按重量百分比组成：
    TPU树脂：75％；
    纳米二氧化硅：0.75％；
    水：3.0％；
    颜料：12.0％；
    填料：9.25％。
  7. 一种制备如权利要求1所述的防滑粉末涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
    (1)将底粉按配方百分比称取原材料；待双螺杆挤出机升温至预设第一温度值，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、粗破碎、ACM磨粉碎，分级得到平均粒径25-45μm的底粉粉末；
    (2)将面粉按配方百分比称取原材料，待单螺杆挤出机升温至预设第二温度值，进行熔融挤出、冷却压片、水冷粗破碎；在预设第三温度值下进行ACM磨粉，分级得到平均粒径15-20μm的面粉粉末。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述预设第一温度值为100-110℃、预设第二温度值为180-200℃、预设第三温度值为零下40-100℃。
  9. 一种涂装如根据权利要求1所述的防滑粉末涂料的喷涂工艺，其特征在于，所述喷涂工艺包括如下步骤：
    (1)在经过处理后的金属底材表面，采用静电喷涂的方式喷涂底粉，备用；
    (2)在步骤(1)的基础上,采用静电喷涂的方式喷涂面粉，备用；
    (3)重复上述步骤(1)和(2)进行再次喷涂；
    (4)将经两次喷涂的底材放置于温度为200℃-220℃的烤炉中烘烤15-20min，得到防滑粉末涂层；放置过程中，金属底材的喷涂面与水平地面平行设置。
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