WO2022113434A1 - 亜鉛二次電池 - Google Patents
亜鉛二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022113434A1 WO2022113434A1 PCT/JP2021/029118 JP2021029118W WO2022113434A1 WO 2022113434 A1 WO2022113434 A1 WO 2022113434A1 JP 2021029118 W JP2021029118 W JP 2021029118W WO 2022113434 A1 WO2022113434 A1 WO 2022113434A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ldh
- compound
- negative electrode
- separator
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 377
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 116
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 68
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 54
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 178
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 72
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 62
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 52
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 43
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 42
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 41
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 25
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 22
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 19
- 201000003373 familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 3 Diseases 0.000 description 19
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 7
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000337 indium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [In+3].[In+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzimidazol-1-yl]-3-[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]thiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=1C(C)OC(=C(S1)C(N)=O)C=C1N(C1=C2)C=NC1=CC=C2CN1CCN(C)CC1 ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBXVOTBTGXARNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth;trinitrate;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FBXVOTBTGXARNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUCFBDUJLLKKPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Zn++].[Ag+] Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[Ag+] DUCFBDUJLLKKPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ICSSIKVYVJQJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ICSSIKVYVJQJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- YVUZUKYBUMROPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Hg] YVUZUKYBUMROPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GBCAVSYHPPARHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M n'-cyclohexyl-n-[2-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)ethyl]methanediimine;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.C1CCCCC1N=C=NCC[N+]1(C)CCOCC1 GBCAVSYHPPARHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SZKTYYIADWRVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Zn++] SZKTYYIADWRVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/244—Zinc electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a zinc secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2013/118561 discloses that an LDH separator is provided between a positive electrode and a negative electrode in a nickel-zinc secondary battery.
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 2016/076047 discloses a separator structure including an LDH separator fitted or bonded to a resin outer frame, and the LDH separator is gas impermeable and has a gas impermeable property. / Or it is disclosed that it has a high degree of density enough to have water impermeableness.
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2016/067884 discloses various methods for forming an LDH dense film on the surface of a porous substrate to obtain a composite material (LDH separator).
- a starting material that can give a starting point for LDH crystal growth is uniformly adhered to the porous base material, and the porous base material is subjected to hydrothermal treatment in an aqueous solution of the raw material to form an LDH dense film on the surface of the porous base material. It includes a step of forming the film.
- Patent Document 4 International Publication No. 2019/077953
- Patent Document 4 includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an LDH separator, and an electrolytic solution, and battery elements are opposite to each other via a positive electrode current collecting tab and a negative electrode current collecting tab.
- a zinc secondary battery that can collect electricity from the side is disclosed.
- a zinc secondary battery such as a nickel-zinc battery is configured by using the LDH separator as described above, a short circuit due to zinc dendrite can be prevented. Then, in order to maximize this effect, it is desired to surely isolate the positive electrode and the negative electrode with an LDH separator.
- a laminated battery can be easily assembled by combining a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes in order to obtain a high voltage and a large current while ensuring such a configuration.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated by the LDH separator by cleverly and carefully sealing and joining the LDH separator and the battery container by using a resin frame or an adhesive so as to ensure liquid tightness.
- the present inventors have excellent alkali resistance and further effect the short circuit caused by zinc dendrite. It was found that a hydroxide ion conduction separator (LDH-like compound separator) that can be suppressed can be provided. Further, by adopting an LDH-like compound separator that covers or wraps the entire negative electrode active material layer, and by configuring the positive electrode current collecting tab and the negative electrode current collecting tab to extend in opposite directions, the LDH-like compound separator can be obtained. We also found that it is possible to provide a zinc secondary battery (particularly its laminated battery) that can prevent the spread of zinc dendrites in a simple configuration that is easy to assemble and collect electricity without the need for complicated sealing and joining with the battery container. rice field.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a zinc secondary battery (particularly, a laminated battery thereof) having excellent alkali resistance and preventing zinc dendrite extension in a simple configuration that is easy to assemble and collect electricity. ..
- LDH layered double hydroxide
- the positive electrode current collector has a positive electrode current collecting tab extending from one side of the positive electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode current collector is 1 on the side opposite to the positive electrode current collecting tab of the negative electrode active material layer. It has a negative electrode current collecting tab extending from the side beyond the end of the LDH-like compound separator, whereby the battery element collects from opposite sides via the positive electrode collecting tab and the negative electrode collecting tab. It is supposed to be electric and A zinc secondary battery is provided in which the outer edges of at least two adjacent sides of the LDH-like compound separator (excluding one side overlapping the negative electrode current collecting tab) are closed.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view conceptually showing the layer structure of the zinc secondary battery shown in FIG. 1. The appearance and internal structure of the zinc secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 are shown.
- FIG. 4A shows an example of the negative electrode plate which is used in the zinc secondary battery of this invention, and the negative electrode active material layer is covered with LDH-like compound separator.
- FIG. 4A shows the layer structure of the negative electrode plate shown in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 4A It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the region covered with LDH-like compound separator in the negative electrode plate shown in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 6 It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the He permeability measurement system used in Examples A1 to A5.
- 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sample holder used in the measurement system shown in FIG. 6A and its peripheral configuration. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the electrochemical measurement system used in Examples A1 to A5.
- 6 is a surface SEM image of the LDH-like compound separator prepared in Example A1. It is an X-ray diffraction result of the LDH-like compound separator prepared in Example A1. It is a surface SEM image of the LDH-like compound separator prepared in Example A2. It is an X-ray diffraction result of the LDH-like compound separator prepared in Example A2.
- 6 is a surface SEM image of the LDH-like compound separator prepared in Example A7. It is a surface SEM image of the LDH separator prepared in Example A8 (comparison). It is an X-ray diffraction result of the LDH separator prepared in Example A8 (comparison). 6 is a surface SEM image of the LDH-like compound separator prepared in Example B1. 8 is a surface SEM image of the LDH-like compound separator prepared in Example C1. It is a surface SEM image of the LDH-like compound separator prepared in Example C2.
- the zinc secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a secondary battery using zinc as a negative electrode and using an alkaline electrolytic solution (typically, an alkaline metal hydroxide aqueous solution). Therefore, it can be a nickel-zinc secondary battery, a silver-zinc oxide secondary battery, a manganese zinc oxide secondary battery, an air-zinc secondary battery, and various other alkaline zinc secondary batteries.
- the positive electrode contains nickel hydroxide and / or nickel oxyhydroxide, whereby the zinc secondary battery forms a nickel-zinc secondary battery.
- the positive electrode may be an air electrode, whereby the zinc secondary battery may be an air zinc secondary battery.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 show an example of the zinc secondary battery of the present invention.
- the zinc secondary battery 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a battery element 11, which includes a positive electrode plate 12, a negative electrode plate 16, a layered double hydroxide (LDH) -like compound separator 22, and an electrolysis. Contains liquid (not shown).
- the positive electrode plate 12 includes a positive electrode active material layer 13 and a positive electrode current collector 14.
- the negative electrode plate 16 includes a negative electrode active material layer 17 and a negative electrode current collector 18, and the negative electrode active material layer 17 contains at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc, zinc oxide, zinc alloys and zinc compounds.
- the LDH-like compound separator 22 covers or encloses the entire negative electrode active material layer 17.
- the "LDH-like compound separator” is a separator containing an LDH-like compound, and is assumed to selectively pass hydroxide ions by utilizing the hydroxide ion conductivity of the LDH-like compound.
- the "LDH-like compound” is a hydroxide and / or oxide having a layered crystal structure similar to LDH, although it cannot be called LDH, and is defined as one in which a peak caused by LDH is not detected by the X-ray diffraction method.
- the positive electrode active material layer 13, the negative electrode active material layer 17, and the LDH-like compound separator 22 are each quadrilateral (typically square).
- the positive electrode current collector 14 has a positive electrode current collecting tab 14a extending from one side of the positive electrode active material layer 13, and the negative electrode current collector 18 is opposite to the positive electrode current collecting tab 14a of the negative electrode active material layer 17. It has a negative electrode current collecting tab 18a extending from one side of the side beyond the end of the LDH-like compound separator 22.
- the battery element 11 can collect current from opposite sides via the positive electrode current collecting tab 14a and the negative electrode current collecting tab 18a.
- the outer edges of at least two sides C of the LDH-like compound separator 22 adjacent to each other are closed.
- a zinc secondary battery (particularly its laminated battery) capable of preventing zinc dendrite extension without the need for complicated sealing and bonding between the LDH-like compound separator 22 and the battery container is provided with a simple configuration that is easy to assemble and collect electricity. can do.
- an LDH-like compound described later as a hydroxide ion conductive substance instead of the conventional LDH, water having excellent alkali resistance and capable of more effectively suppressing short circuit due to zinc dendrite. It is possible to provide an oxide ion conduction separator (LDH-like compound separator), and further a zinc secondary battery having such an advantage.
- a resin frame, an adhesive or the like is used so as to secure the liquidtightness between the LDH-like compound separator and the battery container. This is done by clever and careful sealing and joining, and the battery configuration and manufacturing process tend to be complicated. Such complexity of the battery configuration and the manufacturing process can be particularly remarkable when constructing a laminated battery.
- the zinc secondary battery 10 of the present invention since the entire negative electrode active material layer 17 is covered or wrapped with the LDH-like compound separator 22, the negative electrode plate 16 is covered or wrapped with the LDH-like compound separator 22. It has a function to prevent short circuit due to zinc dendrite itself.
- the positive electrode plate 12 and the negative electrode plate 16 can be separated by the LDH-like compound separator only by laminating the positive electrode plate 12 and the negative electrode plate 16 (which is covered or wrapped with the LDH-like compound separator 22). .. Moreover, by configuring the positive electrode current collector tab 14a and the negative electrode current collector tab 18a to extend in opposite directions, careless contact between the positive electrode current collector 14 and the negative electrode current collector 18 can be reliably avoided. It has a structure that makes it extremely easy to collect current. In particular, when manufacturing a laminated battery including a plurality of cells, it can be said that it is extremely advantageous in that a desired configuration can be realized only by alternately laminating the positive electrode plate 12 and the negative electrode plate 16.
- a plurality of positive electrode current collector tabs 14a can be bundled and connected to one positive electrode current collector plate 14b to one positive electrode terminal 14c, and a plurality of negative electrode current collector tabs 18a can be bundled to one negative electrode current collector plate 18b. It can be said that it is particularly easy to collect current in that it can be connected to the negative electrode terminal 18c.
- the battery element 11 includes a positive electrode plate 12, a negative electrode plate 16, an LDH-like compound separator 22, and an electrolytic solution (not shown).
- the positive electrode plate 12 includes a positive electrode active material layer 13.
- the positive electrode active material layer 13 may be appropriately selected from a known positive electrode material according to the type of the zinc secondary battery, and is not particularly limited. For example, in the case of a nickel-zinc secondary battery, a positive electrode containing nickel hydroxide and / or nickel oxyhydroxide may be used. Alternatively, in the case of an air zinc secondary battery, the air electrode may be used as the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode plate 12 further includes a positive electrode current collector (not shown), and the positive electrode current collector has a positive electrode current collector tab 14a extending from one side of the positive electrode active material layer 13.
- Preferred examples of the positive electrode current collector include a nickel porous substrate such as a foamed nickel plate.
- a positive electrode plate made of a positive electrode / positive electrode current collector can be preferably manufactured by uniformly applying a paste containing an electrode active material such as nickel hydroxide on a nickel porous substrate and drying the paste. .. At that time, it is also preferable to press the positive electrode plate (that is, the positive electrode / positive electrode current collector) after drying to prevent the electrode active material from falling off and to improve the electrode density.
- the positive electrode plate 12 shown in FIG. 2 contains a positive electrode current collector (for example, nickel foam), but is not shown. This is because the positive electrode current collector is completely integrated with the positive electrode active material layer 13, so that the positive electrode current collector cannot be individually visualized.
- the zinc secondary battery 10 preferably further includes a positive electrode current collector plate 14b connected to the tip of the positive electrode current collector tab 14a, and more preferably a plurality of positive electrode current collector tabs 14a are connected to one positive electrode current collector plate 14b. Will be done. By doing so, it is possible to collect current efficiently in a space-efficient manner with a simple configuration, and it becomes easy to connect to the positive electrode terminal 14c. Further, the positive electrode current collector plate 14b itself may be used as the negative electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode plate 16 includes a negative electrode active material layer 17.
- the negative electrode active material layer 17 contains at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc, zinc oxide, zinc alloys and zinc compounds. That is, zinc may be contained in any form of zinc metal, zinc compound and zinc alloy as long as it has an electrochemical activity suitable for the negative electrode.
- Preferred examples of the negative electrode material include zinc oxide, zinc metal, calcium zincate and the like, but a mixture of zinc metal and zinc oxide is more preferable.
- the negative electrode active material layer 17 may be formed in the form of a gel, or may be mixed with an electrolytic solution to form a negative electrode mixture.
- a gelled negative electrode can be easily obtained by adding an electrolytic solution and a thickener to the negative electrode active material.
- the thickener include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid salt, CMC, alginic acid and the like, but polyacrylic acid is preferable because it has excellent chemical resistance to strong alkalis.
- a mercury- and lead-free zinc alloy known as a non-mercury zinc alloy can be used.
- a zinc alloy containing 0.01 to 0.1% by mass of indium, 0.005 to 0.02% by mass of bismuth, and 0.0035 to 0.015% by mass of aluminum has an effect of suppressing hydrogen gas generation. Therefore, it is preferable.
- indium and bismuth are advantageous in improving discharge performance.
- the self-dissolution rate in the alkaline electrolytic solution is slowed down, so that the generation of hydrogen gas can be suppressed and the safety can be improved.
- the shape of the negative electrode material is not particularly limited, but it is preferably in the form of powder, which increases the surface area and makes it possible to cope with a large current discharge.
- the average particle size of the preferred negative electrode material is in the range of 3 to 100 ⁇ m in the short diameter, and if it is within this range, the surface area is large, so that it is suitable for dealing with a large current discharge, and is suitable for an electrolytic solution and a gel. It is easy to mix evenly with the agent and is easy to handle when assembling the battery.
- the negative electrode plate 16 further includes a negative electrode current collector 18, and the negative electrode current collector 18 extends from one side of the negative electrode active material layer 17 opposite to the positive electrode current collector tab 14a beyond the end of the LDH-like compound separator 22. It has a negative electrode current collecting tab 18a to be used. As a result, the battery element 11 can collect current from opposite sides via the positive electrode current collecting tab 14a and the negative electrode current collecting tab 18a.
- the zinc secondary battery 10 preferably further includes a negative electrode current collector plate 18b connected to the tip of the negative electrode current collector tab 18a, and more preferably a plurality of negative electrode current collector tabs 18a are connected to one negative electrode current collector plate 18b. Will be done.
- the negative electrode current collector plate 18b itself may be used as the negative electrode terminal.
- the tip of the negative electrode current collector tab 18a forms an exposed portion that is not covered by the LDH-like compound separator 22 and (if present) the liquid retention member 20.
- the negative electrode current collector 18 (particularly the negative electrode current collector tab 18a) can be preferably connected to the negative electrode current collector plate 18b and / or the negative electrode terminal 18c via the exposed portion. In this case, as shown in FIG.
- a predetermined margin M for example, an interval of 1 to 5 mm
- cover or wrap with it is possible to more effectively prevent the spread of zinc dendrite from the end portion of the negative electrode active material layer 17 on the negative electrode current collecting tab 18a side or its vicinity.
- the negative electrode current collector 18 include copper foil, copper expanded metal, and copper punching metal, but more preferably copper expanded metal.
- a mixture containing zinc oxide powder and / or zinc powder and, if desired, a binder (for example, polytetrafluoroethylene particles) is applied onto the copper expanded metal, and the negative electrode is composed of a negative electrode / negative electrode current collector.
- the plate can be preferably manufactured. At that time, it is also preferable to press the negative electrode plate (that is, the negative electrode / negative electrode current collector) after drying to prevent the electrode active material from falling off and to improve the electrode density.
- the zinc secondary battery 10 further includes a liquid-retaining member 20 that is interposed between the negative electrode active material layer 17 and the LDH-like compound separator 22 and that covers or encloses the entire negative electrode active material layer 17.
- a liquid-retaining member 20 that is interposed between the negative electrode active material layer 17 and the LDH-like compound separator 22 and that covers or encloses the entire negative electrode active material layer 17.
- the electrolytic solution can be evenly present between the negative electrode active material layer 17 and the LDH-like compound separator 22, and the hydroxide between the negative electrode active material layer 17 and the LDH-like compound separator 22 can be present. Ions can be exchanged efficiently.
- the liquid-retaining member 20 is not particularly limited as long as it can hold the electrolytic solution, but is preferably a sheet-shaped member.
- the liquid-retaining member 20 preferably has a thickness of 0.01 to 0.20 mm, more preferably 0.02 to 0.20 mm, still more preferably 0.02 to 0.15 mm, and particularly preferably 0.02 to 0.15 mm. It is 0.02 to 0.10 mm, most preferably 0.02 to 0.06 mm. When the thickness is within the above range, a sufficient amount of electrolytic solution can be held in the liquid retaining member 20 while keeping the overall size of the negative electrode structure compact without waste.
- the entire negative electrode active material layer 17 is covered or wrapped with the LDH-like compound separator 22.
- 4A and 4B show a preferred embodiment of the negative electrode plate 16 in which the negative electrode active material layer 17 is covered or wrapped with the LDH-like compound separator 22.
- the negative electrode structure shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B includes a negative electrode active material layer 17, a negative electrode current collector 18, and a liquid retaining member 20 if desired, and the entire negative electrode active material layer 17 is retained (if necessary). It is covered or wrapped with the LDH-like compound separator 22 (via the liquid member 20).
- the LDH-like compound separator 22 by covering or wrapping the entire negative electrode active material layer 17 with the LDH-like compound separator 22 (via the liquid-retaining member 20 as necessary), the LDH-like compound separator 22 and the battery container are described above. It is possible to manufacture a zinc secondary battery (particularly, a laminated battery thereof) capable of preventing zinc dendrite extension very easily and with high productivity by eliminating the need for complicated sealing and bonding with the zinc dendrite.
- the liquid-retaining member 20 is drawn as having a smaller size than the LDH-like compound separator 22, but the liquid-retaining member 20 has the same size as the LDH-like compound separator 22 (or the bent LDH-like compound separator 22).
- the outer edge of the liquid-retaining member 20 may reach the outer edge of the LDH-like compound separator 22. That is, the outer peripheral portion of the liquid retaining member 20 may be sandwiched between the LDH-like compound separators 22 constituting the outer peripheral portion. By doing so, the outer edge sealing of the LDH-like compound separator 22 described later can be effectively performed by heat welding or ultrasonic welding.
- the LDH-like compound separators 22 are indirectly heat-welded by interposing a heat-weldable liquid-retaining member 20 between them.
- ultrasonic welding can utilize the heat welding property of the liquid-retaining member 20 itself, and as a result, more effective sealing can be performed.
- the end portion of the liquid retaining member 20 to be sealed can be used as if it were a hot melt adhesive.
- the liquid-retaining member 20 in this case include a non-woven fabric, particularly a non-woven fabric made of a thermoplastic resin (for example, polyethylene or polypropylene).
- the LDH-like compound separator 22 contains LDH and a porous substrate.
- the LDH is porous so that the LDH-like compound separator 22 exhibits hydroxide ion conductivity and gas impermeability (hence to function as an LDH-like compound separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity). It closes the holes in the base material.
- the porous substrate is preferably made of a polymer material, and LDH is particularly preferably incorporated over the entire thickness direction of the porous substrate made of a polymer material. Various preferred embodiments of the LDH-like compound separator 22 will be described in detail later.
- the number of LDH-like compound separators 22 for one negative electrode active material layer 17 is typically 1 per side (two facing each other on both sides or one bent), but may be two or more.
- the LDH-like compound separator 22 may be configured to cover or wrap the entire negative electrode active material layer 17 (which may be covered or wrapped with the liquid retaining member 20).
- the LDH-like compound separator 22 has a quadrilateral (typically a quadrangular) shape. Then, the outer edges of at least two sides C of the LDH-like compound separator 22 adjacent to each other (except for one side overlapping the negative electrode current collector tab 18a) are closed. By doing so, the negative electrode active material layer 17 can be reliably isolated from the positive electrode plate 12, and the extension of zinc dendrite can be prevented more effectively. The reason why one side overlapping the negative electrode current collecting tab 18a is removed from the side C to be closed is that the negative electrode current collecting tab 18a can be extended.
- the positive electrode plate 12, the negative electrode plate 16, and the LDH-like compound separator 22 are oriented vertically, and one side C of the closed outer edge of the LDH-like compound separator 22 is the lower end.
- the positive electrode current collecting tab 14a and the negative electrode current collecting tab 18a extend laterally from the opposite side ends of the battery element 11. By doing so, it becomes easier to collect current, and when one upper end side of the outer edge of the LDH-like compound separator 22 is opened (this will be described later), there are no obstacles in the upper open portion, so that the positive electrode plate is used. The inflow and outflow of gas between the negative electrode plate 16 and the negative electrode plate 16 becomes easier.
- one or two sides of the outer edge of the LDH-like compound separator 22 may be open. For example, even if one upper end side of the outer edge of the LDH-like compound separator 22 is left open, if the liquid is injected so that the electrolytic solution does not reach the upper end one side at the time of manufacturing the zinc secondary battery, the upper end one side is covered. Since there is no electrolyte, problems of liquid leakage and zinc dendrite extension can be avoided.
- the battery element 11 is housed together with the positive electrode plate 12 in a case 28 which can be a closed container, and is optionally closed with a lid 26 to function as a main component of the closed zinc secondary battery. sell.
- the battery element 11 itself can have a simple structure with an open top. Further, by opening one side of the outer edge of the LDH-like compound separator 22, the negative electrode current collecting tab 18a can be extended from there.
- the outer edge of one side, which is the upper end of the LDH-like compound separator 22, is open.
- This open-top configuration makes it possible to deal with the problem of overcharging in nickel-zinc batteries and the like. That is, when overcharged in a nickel-zinc battery or the like, oxygen (O 2 ) may be generated in the positive electrode plate 12, but the LDH-like compound separator 22 has a high degree of density such that only hydroxide ions can substantially pass through. Therefore, it does not pass through O 2 .
- O 2 can be released above the positive electrode plate 12 and sent to the negative electrode plate 16 side through the upper open portion, whereby O 2 can be used.
- Zn of the negative electrode active material layer 17 can be oxidized and returned to ZnO.
- the overcharge resistance can be improved by using the upper open type battery element 11 in the closed type zinc secondary battery.
- the same effect as the above-mentioned open type configuration can be obtained by providing a ventilation hole in a part of the closed outer edge. You can expect it.
- a vent may be opened after sealing the outer edge of one side which is the upper end of the LDH-like compound separator 22, or a part of the outer edge may be unsealed so that the vent may be formed at the time of sealing. It may be stopped.
- the closed side C of the outer edge of the LDH-like compound separator 22 is realized by bending the LDH-like compound separator 22 and / or sealing the LDH-like compound separators 22 with each other.
- Preferred examples of the sealing method include adhesives, heat welding, ultrasonic welding, adhesive tapes, sealing tapes, and combinations thereof.
- the LDH-like compound separator 22 containing a porous substrate made of a polymer material has an advantage that it is easy to bend because it has flexibility, the LDH-like compound separator 22 is formed into a long shape and bent. Therefore, it is preferable to form a state in which one side C of the outer edge is closed.
- Heat welding and ultrasonic welding may be performed using a commercially available heat sealer or the like, but in the case of sealing the LDH-like compound separators 22 to each other, the liquid-retaining member 20 is placed between the LDH-like compound separators 22 constituting the outer peripheral portion. It is preferable to perform heat welding and ultrasonic welding so as to sandwich the outer peripheral portion in terms of more effective sealing.
- the adhesive the adhesive tape and the sealing tape, commercially available products may be used, but those containing an alkali-resistant resin are preferable in order to prevent deterioration in the alkaline electrolytic solution.
- examples of preferable adhesives include epoxy resin adhesives, natural resin adhesives, modified olefin resin adhesives, and modified silicone resin adhesives, and among them, epoxy resin adhesives are resistant. It is more preferable because it is particularly excellent in alkalinity.
- examples of product examples of the epoxy resin adhesive include the epoxy adhesive Hysol (registered trademark) (manufactured by Henkel).
- the electrolytic solution preferably contains an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution.
- the electrolytic solution is not shown, this is because it is spread over the entire positive electrode plate 12 (particularly the positive electrode active material layer 13) and the negative electrode plate 16 (particularly the negative electrode active material layer 17).
- the alkali metal hydroxide include potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and the like, but potassium hydroxide is more preferable.
- Zinc compounds such as zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide may be added to the electrolytic solution in order to suppress the self-dissolution of zinc and / or zinc oxide.
- the electrolytic solution may be mixed with the positive electrode active material and / or the negative electrode active material and exist in the form of a positive electrode mixture and / or a negative electrode mixture. Further, the electrolytic solution may be gelled in order to prevent leakage of the electrolytic solution.
- the gelling agent it is desirable to use a polymer that absorbs the solvent of the electrolytic solution and swells, and polymers such as polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylamide, and starch are used.
- the zinc secondary battery 10 may further include a case 28 for accommodating the battery element 11.
- the number of battery elements 11 is 2 or more, and the 2 or more battery elements 11 may be housed together in the case 28.
- the case 28 accommodating the battery element 11 is preferably made of resin.
- the resin constituting the case 28 is preferably a resin having resistance to an alkali metal hydroxide such as potassium hydroxide, more preferably a polyolefin resin, an ABS resin, or a modified polyphenylene ether, and further preferably an ABS resin or. It is a modified polyphenylene ether.
- a case group in which two or more cases 28 are arranged may be housed in an outer frame to form a battery module.
- the LDH-like compound separator is a separator containing a layered compound hydroxide (LDH) -like compound, and can conduct hydroxide ions between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate when incorporated in a zinc secondary battery. It is to isolate. That is, the LDH-like compound separator functions as a hydroxide ion conduction separator.
- Preferred LDH-like compound separators are gas impermeable and / or water impermeable. In other words, the LDH-like compound separator is preferably densified to have gas impermeable and / or water impermeable.
- the fact that the LDH-like compound separator has gas impermeableness and / or water impermeableness means that the LDH-like compound separator has a high degree of density so as to be impermeable to gas or water, and is water permeable. Or it means that it is not a gas-permeable porous film or other porous material.
- the LDH-like compound separator selectively passes only hydroxide ions due to its hydroxide ion conductivity, and can exhibit a function as a battery separator. Therefore, the configuration is extremely effective in physically preventing the penetration of the separator by the zinc dendrite generated during charging to prevent a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes.
- the LDH-like compound separator Since the LDH-like compound separator has hydroxide ion conductivity, it enables efficient transfer of necessary hydroxide ions between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and realizes a charge / discharge reaction in the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. be able to.
- the LDH-like compound separator preferably has a He permeability per unit area of 3.0 cm / min ⁇ atm or less, more preferably 2.0 cm / min ⁇ atm or less, still more preferably 1.0 cm / min ⁇ atm. It is as follows.
- a separator having a He permeability of 3.0 cm / min ⁇ atm or less can extremely effectively suppress the permeation of Zn (typically the permeation of zinc ion or zinc acid ion) in the electrolytic solution.
- Zn typically the permeation of zinc ion or zinc acid ion
- the He permeability is determined through a step of supplying He gas to one surface of the separator to allow the Sepa to permeate the He gas, and a step of calculating the He permeability to evaluate the denseness of the hydroxide ion conduction separator. Be measured.
- the He permeability is determined by the formula of F / (P ⁇ S) using the permeation amount F of the He gas per unit time, the differential pressure P applied to the separator when the He gas permeates, and the film area S through which the He gas permeates. calculate.
- He gas has the smallest structural unit among the various atoms or molecules that can compose the gas, and its reactivity is extremely low. That is, He constitutes He gas by a single He atom without forming a molecule. In this respect, since hydrogen gas is composed of H 2 molecules, the single He atom is smaller as a gas constituent unit.
- H 2 gas is dangerous because it is a flammable gas.
- the index of He gas permeability defined by the above-mentioned formula, it is possible to easily perform an objective evaluation of the fineness regardless of the difference in various sample sizes and measurement conditions. In this way, it is possible to easily, safely and effectively evaluate whether or not the separator has sufficiently high density suitable for a separator for a zinc secondary battery.
- the measurement of He permeability can be preferably performed according to the procedure shown in Evaluation 5 of Examples described later.
- the LDH-like compound closes the pores of the porous substrate, and preferably the pores of the porous substrate are completely closed by the LDH-like compound.
- the LDH-like compound is (A) A hydroxide and / or oxide having a layered crystal structure containing Mg and at least one element containing at least Ti selected from the group consisting of Ti, Y and Al, or (b) (i). ) Ti, Y, and optionally Al and / or Mg, and (ii) a layered crystal structure comprising at least one additive element M selected from the group consisting of In, Bi, Ca, Sr and Ba.
- Hydroxides and / or oxides or (c) hydroxides and / or oxides of a layered crystal structure containing Mg, Ti, Y, and optionally Al and / or In, said (c).
- the LDH-like compound is present in the form of a mixture with In (OH) 3 .
- the LDH-like compound is a hydroxide having a layered crystal structure containing Mg and at least one element containing at least Ti selected from the group consisting of Ti, Y and Al. And / or can be an oxide.
- typical LDH-like compounds are composite hydroxides and / or composite oxides of Mg, Ti, optionally Y and optionally Al.
- the above elements may be replaced with other elements or ions to the extent that the basic properties of the LDH-like compound are not impaired, but the LDH-like compound preferably does not contain Ni.
- the LDH-like compound may further contain Zn and / or K. By doing so, the ionic conductivity of the LDH-like compound separator can be further improved.
- LDH-like compounds can be identified by X-ray diffraction. Specifically, when X-ray diffraction is performed on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator, the LDH-like compound separator is typically in the range of 5 ° ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 10 °, and more typically 7 ° ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 10. Peaks derived from LDH-like compounds are detected in the range of °. As described above, LDH is a substance having an alternating laminated structure in which exchangeable anions and H2O are present as an intermediate layer between the stacked hydroxide basic layers.
- the interlayer distance of the layered crystal structure can be determined by the Bragg equation using 2 ⁇ corresponding to the peak derived from the LDH-like compound in X-ray diffraction.
- the interlayer distance of the layered crystal structure constituting the LDH-like compound thus determined is typically 0.883 to 1.8 nm, and more typically 0.883 to 1.3 nm.
- the LDH-like compound separator according to the above aspect (a) has an atomic ratio of Mg / (Mg + Ti + Y + Al) in the LDH-like compound determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) of 0.03 to 0.25. It is preferable, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2.
- the atomic ratio of Ti / (Mg + Ti + Y + Al) in the LDH-like compound is preferably 0.40 to 0.97, more preferably 0.47 to 0.94.
- the atomic ratio of Y / (Mg + Ti + Y + Al) in the LDH-like compound is preferably 0 to 0.45, more preferably 0 to 0.37.
- the atomic ratio of Al / (Mg + Ti + Y + Al) in the LDH-like compound is preferably 0 to 0.05, more preferably 0 to 0.03. Within the above range, the alkali resistance is further excellent, and the effect of suppressing a short circuit caused by zinc dendrite (that is, dendrite resistance) can be more effectively realized.
- LDH conventionally known for LDH separators has a general formula: M 2+ 1-x M 3+ x (OH) 2 Ann- x / n ⁇ mH 2 O (in the formula, M 2+ is a divalent cation, M.
- LDH-like compound in this embodiment generally has a composition ratio (atomic ratio) different from that of the conventional LDH.
- an EDS analyzer for example, X-act, manufactured by Oxford Instruments
- X-act for example, X-act, manufactured by Oxford Instruments
- the LDH-like compound has a layered crystal structure comprising (i) Ti, Y, and optionally Al and / or Mg, and (ii) the additive element M. It can be a hydroxide and / or an oxide.
- typical LDH-like compounds are composite hydroxides and / or composite oxides of Ti, Y, additive element M, optionally Al and optionally Mg.
- the additive element M is In, Bi, Ca, Sr, Ba or a combination thereof.
- the above elements may be replaced with other elements or ions to the extent that the basic properties of the LDH-like compound are not impaired, but the LDH-like compound preferably does not contain Ni.
- the LDH-like compound separator according to the above aspect (b) has an atomic ratio of Ti / (Mg + Al + Ti + Y + M) in the LDH-like compound determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) of 0.50 to 0.85. It is preferable, more preferably 0.56 to 0.81.
- the atomic ratio of Y / (Mg + Al + Ti + Y + M) in the LDH-like compound is preferably 0.03 to 0.20, more preferably 0.07 to 0.15.
- the atomic ratio of M / (Mg + Al + Ti + Y + M) in the LDH-like compound is preferably 0.03 to 0.35, more preferably 0.03 to 0.32.
- the atomic ratio of Mg / (Mg + Al + Ti + Y + M) in the LDH-like compound is preferably 0 to 0.10, more preferably 0 to 0.02.
- the atomic ratio of Al / (Mg + Al + Ti + Y + M) in the LDH-like compound is preferably 0 to 0.05, more preferably 0 to 0.04.
- the alkali resistance is further excellent, and the effect of suppressing a short circuit caused by zinc dendrite (that is, dendrite resistance) can be more effectively realized.
- LDH conventionally known for LDH separators has a general formula: M 2+ 1-x M 3+ x (OH) 2 Ann- x / n ⁇ mH 2 O (in the formula, M 2+ is a divalent cation, M. 3+ is a trivalent cation, An- is an n-valent anion, n is an integer of 1 or more, x is 0.1 to 0.4, and m is 0 or more).
- M 2+ is a divalent cation
- M. 3+ is a trivalent cation
- An- is an n-valent anion
- n is an integer of 1 or more
- x is 0.1 to 0.4
- m is 0 or more
- the atomic ratios of LDH-like compounds generally deviate from the general formula of LDH. Therefore, it can be said that the LDH-like compound in this embodiment generally has a composition ratio (atomic ratio) different from that of the conventional LDH.
- an EDS analyzer for example, X-act, manufactured by Oxford Instruments
- X-act for example, X-act, manufactured by Oxford Instruments
- the LDH-like compound is a hydroxide and / or oxide having a layered crystal structure containing Mg, Ti, Y, and optionally Al and / or In.
- LDH-like compounds may be present in the form of a mixture with In (OH) 3 .
- the LDH-like compound of this embodiment is a hydroxide and / or oxide having a layered crystal structure containing Mg, Ti, Y, and optionally Al and / or In.
- typical LDH-like compounds are composite hydroxides and / or composite oxides of Mg, Ti, Y, optionally Al, and optionally In.
- LDH-like compound The In that can be contained in the LDH-like compound is not only intentionally added to the LDH-like compound, but is inevitably mixed in the LDH-like compound due to the formation of In (OH) 3 and the like. It may be a compound.
- the above elements may be replaced with other elements or ions to the extent that the basic properties of the LDH-like compound are not impaired, but the LDH-like compound preferably does not contain Ni.
- LDH conventionally known for LDH separators has a general formula: M 2+ 1-x M 3+ x (OH) 2 Ann- x / n ⁇ mH 2 O (in the formula, M 2+ is a divalent cation, M.
- LDH-like compound in this embodiment generally has a composition ratio (atomic ratio) different from that of the conventional LDH.
- the mixture according to the above aspect (c) contains not only an LDH-like compound but also In (OH) 3 (typically composed of an LDH-like compound and In (OH) 3 ).
- the inclusion of In (OH) 3 can effectively improve the alkali resistance and dendrite resistance of the LDH-like compound separator.
- the content ratio of In (OH) 3 in the mixture is preferably an amount capable of improving alkali resistance and dendrite resistance without impairing the hydroxide ion conductivity of the LDH-like compound separator, and is not particularly limited.
- In (OH) 3 may have a cube-shaped crystal structure, or the crystal of In (OH) 3 may be surrounded by an LDH-like compound.
- In (OH) 3 can be identified by X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction measurement can be preferably performed according to the procedure shown in the examples described later.
- the LDH-like compound separator comprises an LDH-like compound and a porous substrate (typically composed of a porous substrate and an LDH-like compound), and the LDH-like compound separator is a hydroxide ion conductivity and a gas.
- the LDH-like compound closes the pores of the porous substrate so as to be impermeable (hence to function as an LDH-like compound separator exhibiting hydroxide ion conductivity). It is particularly preferable that the LDH-like compound is incorporated over the entire thickness direction of the porous substrate made of a polymer material.
- the thickness of the LDH-like compound separator is preferably 5 to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 60 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 5 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the porous substrate is made of a polymer material.
- the polymer porous substrate has 1) flexibility (hence, it is hard to break even if it is thinned), 2) easy to increase the porosity, and 3) easy to increase the conductivity (while increasing the porosity). It has the advantages of being easy to manufacture and handle) (because the thickness can be reduced). Further, taking advantage of the flexibility of 1) above, there is also an advantage that the LDH-like compound separator containing a porous substrate made of a polymer material can be easily bent or sealed and bonded. be.
- Preferred examples of the polymer material include polystyrene, polyether sulfone, polypropylene, epoxy resin, polyphenylene sulfide, fluororesin (tetrafluororesin: PTFE, etc.), cellulose, nylon, polyethylene and any combination thereof. .. More preferably, from the viewpoint of a thermoplastic resin suitable for heat pressing, polystyrene, polyether sulfone, polypropylene, epoxy resin, polyphenylene sulfide, fluororesin (tetrafluororesin: PTFE, etc.), nylon, polyethylene and any of them. Examples include the combination of the above. All of the various preferred materials described above have alkali resistance as resistance to the electrolytic solution of the battery.
- Particularly preferable polymer materials are polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, and most preferably polypropylene or polyethylene, because they are excellent in heat resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance and are low in cost.
- the porous substrate is composed of a polymer material
- the LDH-like compound layer is incorporated over the entire thickness direction of the porous substrate (for example, most or almost all the pores inside the porous substrate are LDH. It is particularly preferable that it is filled with a similar compound).
- a commercially available polymer microporous membrane can be preferably used as such a polymer porous substrate.
- the production method of the LDH-like compound separator is not particularly limited, and various conditions (particularly LDH raw material composition) of the already known LDH-containing functional layer and composite material production method (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4) are appropriately changed. It can be produced by the above. For example, (1) a porous substrate is prepared, and (2) a solution containing titania sol (or further yttrium sol and / or alumina sol) is applied to the porous substrate and dried to form a titania-containing layer.
- the pH value rises due to the generation of ammonia in the solution by utilizing the hydrolysis of urea, and the coexisting metal ions are hydroxide and / or oxidized. It is considered that an LDH-like compound can be obtained by forming a substance.
- the above (2) it is preferable to apply the mixed sol solution to the substrate by a method in which the mixed sol solution permeates the entire or most of the inside of the substrate. By doing so, most or almost all the pores inside the porous substrate can be finally filled with the LDH-like compound.
- the preferred coating method include a dip coat, a filtration coat and the like, and a dip coat is particularly preferable. By adjusting the number of times of application of the dip coat or the like, the amount of adhesion of the mixed sol solution can be adjusted.
- the base material coated with the mixed sol solution by dip coating or the like may be dried and then the above steps (3) and (4) may be carried out.
- the porous substrate is composed of a polymer material
- the pressing method may be, for example, a roll press, a uniaxial pressure press, a CIP (cold isotropic pressure pressurization), or the like, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably a roll press. It is preferable to perform this press while heating because the pores of the porous substrate can be sufficiently closed with the LDH-like compound by softening the polymer porous substrate.
- a temperature for sufficient softening for example, in the case of polypropylene or polyethylene, it is preferable to heat at 60 to 200 ° C.
- a press such as a roll press in such a temperature range
- the residual pores of the LDH-like compound separator can be significantly reduced.
- the LDH-like compound separator can be extremely highly densified, and therefore short circuits caused by zinc dendrites can be suppressed even more effectively.
- the morphology of the residual pores can be controlled by appropriately adjusting the roll gap and the roll temperature, whereby an LDH-like compound separator having a desired density can be obtained.
- the LDH-like compound separator that can be used in the present invention will be described in more detail by the following examples.
- Example A1 to A8 Examples A1 to A7 shown below are reference examples relating to LDH-like compound separators, while Example A8 is a comparative example relating to LDH separators.
- LDH-like compound separators and LDH separators are collectively referred to as hydroxide ion conduction separators.
- the evaluation method of the hydroxide ion conduction separator produced in the following example was as follows.
- Evaluation 1 Observation of surface microstructure The surface microstructure of the hydroxide ion conduction separator was observed with an acceleration voltage of 10 to 20 kV using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-6610LV, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.).
- Evaluation 2 STEM analysis of layered structure The layered structure of the hydroxide ion conduction separator was observed at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) (product name: JEM-ARM200F, manufactured by JEOL).
- STEM scanning transmission electron microscope
- Evaluation 3 Elemental analysis evaluation (EDS) The composition of the surface of the hydroxide ion conduction separator was analyzed using an EDS analyzer (device name: X-act, manufactured by Oxford Instruments), and the composition ratio of Mg: Ti: Y: Al (atomic ratio). ) was calculated. In this analysis, 1) an image is captured at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV and a magnification of 5,000 times, 2) three-point analysis is performed at intervals of about 5 ⁇ m in the point analysis mode, and 3) 1) and 2) above are performed once more. It was repeated, and 4) it was performed by calculating the average value of a total of 6 points.
- EDS Elemental analysis evaluation
- Evaluation 4 X-ray diffraction measurement With an X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, RINT TTR III), a hydroxide ion conduction separator under measurement conditions of voltage: 50 kV, current value: 300 mA, and measurement range: 5 to 40 °. The crystal phase of was measured to obtain an XRD profile. In addition, the interlayer distance of the layered crystal structure was determined by the Bragg's formula using 2 ⁇ corresponding to the peak derived from the LDH-like compound.
- He Permeation Measurement A He permeation test was conducted as follows in order to evaluate the denseness of the hydroxide ion conduction separator from the viewpoint of He permeability.
- the He permeability measuring system 310 shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B was constructed.
- He gas from a gas cylinder filled with He gas is supplied to the sample holder 316 via a pressure gauge 312 and a flow meter 314 (digital flow meter), and water held in the sample holder 316.
- the oxide ion conduction separator 318 was configured to be permeated from one surface to the other surface and discharged.
- the sample holder 316 has a structure including a gas supply port 316a, a closed space 316b, and a gas discharge port 316c, and was assembled as follows. First, the adhesive 322 was applied along the outer periphery of the hydroxide ion conduction separator 318 and attached to a jig 324 (made of ABS resin) having an opening in the center. Packing made of butyl rubber is arranged as sealing members 326a and 326b at the upper and lower ends of the jig 324, and support members 328a and 328b (manufactured by PTFE) having openings made of flanges from the outside of the sealing members 326a and 326b. ).
- the sealed space 316b was partitioned by the hydroxide ion conduction separator 318, the jig 324, the sealing member 326a, and the support member 328a.
- the support members 328a and 328b were firmly fastened to each other by the fastening means 330 using screws so that He gas did not leak from the portion other than the gas discharge port 316c.
- a gas supply pipe 334 was connected to the gas supply port 316a of the sample holder 316 thus assembled via a joint 332.
- He gas was supplied to the He permeability measuring system 310 via the gas supply pipe 334, and was permeated through the hydroxide ion conduction separator 318 held in the sample holder 316.
- the gas supply pressure and the flow rate were monitored by the pressure gauge 312 and the flow meter 314.
- the He permeation was calculated.
- the calculation of He permeability is performed by the permeation amount F (cm 3 / min) of He gas per unit time, the differential pressure P (atm) applied to the hydroxide ion conduction separator during He gas permeation, and the film through which He gas permeates.
- the measurement was performed under the conditions of a frequency range of 1 MHz to 0.1 Hz and an applied voltage of 10 mV, and a section of the real number axis.
- a frequency range of 1 MHz to 0.1 Hz and an applied voltage of 10 mV was taken as the resistance of the hydroxide ion conduction separator sample S.
- the same measurement as above was performed with the configuration without the hydroxide ion conduction separator sample S, and the blank resistance was also determined.
- the difference between the resistance of the hydroxide ion conduction separator sample S and the blank resistance was taken as the resistance of the hydroxide ion conduction separator.
- the conductivity was determined using the resistance of the obtained hydroxide ion conductive separator and the thickness and area of the hydroxide ion conductive separator.
- Evaluation 7 Alkali resistance evaluation A 5.4 M KOH aqueous solution containing zinc oxide at a concentration of 0.4 M was prepared. 0.5 mL of the prepared KOH aqueous solution and a hydroxide ion conduction separator sample having a size of 2 cm square were placed in a closed container made of Teflon (registered trademark). Then, after holding at 90 ° C. for 1 week (that is, 168 hours), the hydroxide ion conduction separator sample was taken out from the closed container. The removed hydroxide ion conduction separator sample was dried overnight at room temperature. For the obtained sample, the He permeability was calculated by the same method as in Evaluation 5, and it was determined whether or not there was a change in the He permeability before and after the alkali immersion.
- Evaluation 8 Evaluation of dendrite resistance (cycle test) A cycle test was conducted as follows to evaluate the short-circuit suppression effect (dendrite resistance) caused by zinc dendrite of the hydroxide ion conduction separator. First, each of the positive electrode (containing nickel hydroxide and / or nickel oxyhydroxide) and the negative electrode (containing zinc and / or zinc oxide) was wrapped in a non-woven fabric, and the current extraction terminal was welded. The positive electrode and the negative electrode thus prepared were opposed to each other via a hydroxide ion conduction separator, sandwiched between the laminated films provided with current extraction ports, and the three sides of the laminated film were heat-sealed.
- An electrolytic solution (a solution in which 0.4 M zinc oxide is dissolved in a 5.4 M KOH aqueous solution) is added to the cell container with an open top thus obtained, and the electrolytic solution is sufficiently applied to the positive electrode and the negative electrode by vacuuming or the like. Infiltrated. Then, the remaining one side of the laminated film was also heat-sealed to form a simple sealed cell.
- a charging / discharging device TOSCAT3100, manufactured by Toyo System Co., Ltd.
- chemical conversion was carried out for a simple sealed cell by 0.1C charging and 0.2C discharging. Then, a 1C charge / discharge cycle was carried out.
- Example A1 (reference) (1) Preparation of Polymer Porous Substrate A commercially available polyethylene microporous membrane having a porosity of 50%, an average pore diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m and a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was prepared as the polymer porous substrate, and 2.0 cm ⁇ 2. It was cut out to a size of 0 cm.
- Titania sol coating on a polymer porous substrate A titanium oxide sol solution (M6, manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating. The dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of a sol solution, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- the substrate was taken out of the closed container, washed with ion-exchanged water, and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 hours to form LDH-like compounds in the pores of the porous substrate.
- an LDH-like compound separator was obtained.
- -Evaluation 1 The SEM image of the surface microstructure of the LDH-like compound separator (before roll pressing) obtained in Example A1 was as shown in FIG. 8A.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg and Ti, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator.
- the composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg and Ti on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 1.
- Figure 8B shows the XRD profile obtained in Example A1.
- the two peaks observed at 20 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ° ⁇ 25 of the XRD profile are peaks derived from polyethylene constituting the porous substrate.
- the interlayer distance of the layered crystal structure in the LDH-like compound was 0.94 nm.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 1, extremely high density of He permeability of 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 1, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in Evaluation 5, and excellent alkali resistance that the He permeability does not change even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 1, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, with no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example A2 (reference) Preparation and evaluation of LDH-like compound separator in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the raw material aqueous solution of (3) above was prepared as follows and the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in (4) above was set to 90 ° C. Was done.
- -Evaluation 1 The SEM image of the surface microstructure of the LDH-like compound separator (before roll pressing) obtained in Example A2 was as shown in FIG. 9A.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg and Ti, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator.
- the composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg and Ti on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 1.
- Figure 9B shows the XRD profile obtained in Example A2.
- the two peaks observed at 20 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ° ⁇ 25 of the XRD profile are peaks derived from polyethylene constituting the porous substrate.
- the interlayer distance of the layered crystal structure in the LDH-like compound was 1.2 nm.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 1, extremely high density of He permeability of 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 1, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in Evaluation 5, and excellent alkali resistance that the He permeability does not change even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 1, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, with no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example A3 (reference) LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example A1 except that titania-itriasol coating on a polymer porous substrate was performed as follows instead of (2) above.
- Titanium oxide sol solution M6, manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the obtained mixed solution was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating.
- the dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of the mixed solution, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- -Evaluation 1 The SEM image of the surface microstructure of the LDH-like compound separator (before roll pressing) obtained in Example A3 was as shown in FIG. 10A.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Ti and Y, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator.
- the composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Ti and Y on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 1.
- Figure 10B shows the XRD profile obtained in Example A3.
- the two peaks observed at 20 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ° ⁇ 25 of the XRD profile are peaks derived from polyethylene constituting the porous substrate.
- the interlayer distance of the layered crystal structure in the LDH-like compound was 1.1 nm.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 1, extremely high density of He permeability of 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 1, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 The He permeability after alkali immersion is less than 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in Evaluation 5, and the He permeability does not change even after alkaline immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week, which is an excellent resistance. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 1, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, with no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example A4 (reference) The LDH-like compound separator was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the titania-itria-alumina sol coat was applied to the polymer porous substrate instead of the above (2) as follows.
- the mixed solution was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating. The dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of the mixed solution, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- -Evaluation 1 The SEM image of the surface microstructure of the LDH-like compound separator (before roll press) obtained in Example A4 was as shown in FIG. 11A.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Al, Ti and Y, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator.
- the two peaks observed at 20 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ° ⁇ 25 of the XRD profile are peaks derived from polyethylene constituting the porous substrate.
- the interlayer distance of the layered crystal structure in the LDH-like compound was 1.1 nm.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 1, extremely high density of He permeability of 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 1, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 1, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, with no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example A5 (reference) Examples except that the titania-itria sol coating on the polymer porous substrate instead of the above (2) was performed as follows, and the raw material aqueous solution of the above (3) was prepared as follows. LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in A1.
- Titanium oxide sol solution M6, manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the obtained mixed solution was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating.
- the dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of the mixed solution, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- -Evaluation 1 The SEM image of the surface microstructure of the LDH-like compound separator (before roll press) obtained in Example A5 was as shown in FIG. 12A.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Ti and Y, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator.
- the composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Ti and Y on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 1.
- Figure 12B shows the XRD profile obtained in Example A5.
- the two peaks observed at 20 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ° ⁇ 25 of the XRD profile are peaks derived from polyethylene constituting the porous substrate. The interlayer distance of the layered crystal structure in the LDH-like compound was 0.99 nm.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 1, extremely high density of He permeability of 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 1, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 1, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, with no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example A6 (reference) Example A1 except that the titania-alumina sol coat was applied to the polymer porous substrate instead of the above (2) as follows, and the raw material aqueous solution of the above (3) was prepared as follows.
- the LDH-like compound separator was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as above.
- Ti / Al (molar ratio) 18.
- the mixed solution was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating. The dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of the mixed solution, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- magnesium nitrate hexahydrate Mg (NO 3 ) 2.6H 2 O , manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.
- yttrium nitrate n hydrate Y (NO 3 ) 3. nH 2 O, Fujifilm Wako Jun Yaku Co., Ltd.
- urea ((NH 2 ) 2CO , manufactured by Sigma Aldrich) were prepared.
- Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate was weighed to 0.0015 mol / L and placed in a beaker.
- yttrium nitrate n hydrate was weighed to 0.0075 mol / L and placed in the beaker, ion-exchanged water was added thereto to make the total volume 75 ml, and the obtained solution was stirred.
- Urea weighed at a ratio of urea / NO 3- ( molar ratio) 9.8 was added to this solution, and the mixture was further stirred to obtain an aqueous raw material solution.
- -Evaluation 1 The SEM image of the surface microstructure of the LDH-like compound separator (before roll press) obtained in Example A6 was as shown in FIG. 13A.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Al, Ti and Y, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator.
- the two peaks observed at 20 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ° ⁇ 25 of the XRD profile are peaks derived from polyethylene constituting the porous substrate.
- the interlayer distance of the layered crystal structure in the LDH-like compound was 1.2 nm.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 1, extremely high density of He permeability of 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 1, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 1, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, with no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example A7 (reference) The LDH-like compound separator was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example A6 except that the raw material aqueous solution of (3) was prepared as follows.
- magnesium nitrate hexahydrate Mg (NO 3 ) 2.6H 2 O , manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.
- yttrium nitrate n hydrate Y (NO 3 ) 3. nH 2 O, Fujifilm Wako Jun Yaku Co., Ltd.
- urea ((NH 2 ) 2CO , manufactured by Sigma Aldrich) were prepared.
- Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate was weighed to 0.0075 mol / L and placed in a beaker.
- yttrium nitrate n hydrate was weighed to 0.0075 mol / L and placed in the beaker, ion-exchanged water was added thereto to make the total volume 75 ml, and the obtained solution was stirred.
- Urea weighed at a ratio of urea / NO 3- ( molar ratio) 25.6 was added to this solution, and the mixture was further stirred to obtain an aqueous raw material solution.
- -Evaluation 1 The SEM image of the surface microstructure of the LDH-like compound separator (before roll press) obtained in Example A7 was as shown in FIG. -Evaluation 2: From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Al, Ti and Y, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Al, Ti and Y on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 1.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 1, extremely high density of He permeability of 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 1, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 1, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, with no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example A8 (comparison) The LDH separator was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the alumina sol coat was applied instead of the above (2) as follows.
- Alumina sol coating on polymer porous substrate Amorphous alumina sol (Al-ML15, manufactured by TAKI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.) was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating. The dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of amorphous alumina sol, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- -Evaluation 1 The SEM image of the surface microstructure of the LDH separator (before roll press) obtained in Example A8 was as shown in FIG. 15A.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg and Al, which are LDH constituent elements, were detected on the surface of the LDH separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg and Al on the surface of the LDH separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 1.
- -Evaluation 4 Figure 15B shows the XRD profile obtained in Example A8.
- Examples B1 to B9 shown below are reference examples relating to LDH-like compound separators.
- the evaluation method of the LDH-like compound separator produced in the following example is, except that the composition ratio (atomic ratio) of Mg: Al: Ti: Y: additive element M was calculated in evaluation 3, Examples A1 to A8. It was the same as.
- Example B1 (reference) (1) Preparation of Polymer Porous Substrate A commercially available polyethylene microporous membrane having a porosity of 50%, an average pore diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m and a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was prepared as the polymer porous substrate, and 2.0 cm ⁇ 2. It was cut out to a size of 0 cm.
- the mixed solution was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating.
- the dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of the mixed solution, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- -Evaluation 1 The SEM image of the surface microstructure of the LDH-like compound separator (before roll press) obtained in Example B1 was as shown in FIG. -Evaluation 2: From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Al, Ti, Y and In, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Al, Ti, Y and In on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 2.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the He permeability was 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm, which was extremely high density.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 2, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in Evaluation 5, and excellent alkali resistance that the He permeability does not change even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 2, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, in which there was no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example B2 (reference) In the addition of indium by the dipping treatment of (6) above, LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example B1 except that the dipping treatment time was changed to 24 hours.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Al, Ti, Y and In, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Al, Ti, Y and In on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 2.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the He permeability was 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm, which was extremely high density.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 2, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in Evaluation 5, and excellent alkali resistance that the He permeability does not change even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 2, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, in which there was no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example B3 (reference) LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example B1 except that titania-itria sol coat was applied instead of (2) above.
- Titanium oxide sol solution M6, manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the obtained mixed solution was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating.
- the dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of the mixed solution, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Ti, Y and In, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Ti, Y and In on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 2.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the He permeability was 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm, which was extremely high density.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 2, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 The He permeability after alkali immersion is less than 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in Evaluation 5, and the He permeability does not change even after alkaline immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week, which is an excellent resistance. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 2, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, in which there was no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example B4 (reference) Same as Example B1 except that the raw material aqueous solution (II) of (5) was prepared as follows, and bismuth was added by dipping treatment instead of (6) as follows. LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated.
- the substrate was taken out of the closed container, washed with ion-exchanged water, and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain an LDH-like compound separator to which bismuth was added.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Bi, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Bi on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 2.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the He permeability was 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm, which was extremely high density.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 2, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 2, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, in which there was no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example B5 (reference) In the addition of bismuth by the above dipping treatment, LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example B4, except that the dipping treatment time was changed to 12 hours.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Bi, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Bi on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 2.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the He permeability was 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm, which was extremely high density.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 2, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 2, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, in which there was no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example B6 (reference) In the addition of bismuth by the above dipping treatment, LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example B4, except that the dipping treatment time was changed to 24 hours.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Bi, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Bi on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 2.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the He permeability was 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm, which was extremely high density.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 2, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 2, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, in which there was no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example B7 Same as Example B1 except that the raw material aqueous solution (II) of (5) was prepared as follows, and calcium was added by dipping treatment instead of (6) as follows. LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Ca, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Ca on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 2.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the He permeability was 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm, which was extremely high density.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 2, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 2, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, in which there was no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example B8 (reference) Same as Example B1 except that the raw material aqueous solution (II) of (5) was prepared as follows, and strontium was added by dipping treatment instead of (6) as follows. LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated.
- Strontium nitrate (Sr (NO 3 ) 2 ) was prepared as a raw material.
- Strontium nitrate was weighed to 0.015 mol / L and placed in a beaker, and ion-exchanged water was added thereto to make the total volume 75 ml. The obtained solution was stirred to obtain a raw material aqueous solution (II).
- the substrate was taken out of the closed container, washed with ion-exchanged water, and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain an LDH-like compound separator to which strontium was added.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Sr, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Al, Ti, Y and Sr on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 2.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the He permeability was 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm, which was extremely high density.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 2, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 2, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, in which there was no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Example B9 Same as Example B1 except that the raw material aqueous solution (II) of (5) was prepared as follows, and barium was added by dipping treatment instead of (6) as follows. LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated.
- -Evaluation 2 From the result that layered plaids could be confirmed, it was confirmed that the portion of the LDH-like compound separator other than the porous substrate was a compound having a layered crystal structure.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Al, Ti, Y and Ba, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound, were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. The composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Al, Ti, Y and Ba on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 2.
- -Evaluation 5 As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the He permeability was 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm, which was extremely high density.
- -Evaluation 6 As shown in Table 2, high ionic conductivity was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 7 He permeability after alkali immersion is 0.0 cm / min ⁇ atm as in evaluation 5, and excellent resistance to change in He permeability even after alkali immersion at a high temperature of 90 ° C for one week. Alkaline was confirmed.
- -Evaluation 8 As shown in Table 2, excellent dendrite resistance was confirmed, in which there was no short circuit due to zinc dendrite even after 300 cycles.
- Examples C1 and C2 shown below are reference examples relating to LDH-like compound separators.
- the method for evaluating the LDH-like compound separator produced in the following example is the same as in Examples A1 to A8 except that the composition ratio (atomic ratio) of Mg: Al: Ti: Y: In was calculated in evaluation 3. And said.
- Example C1 (reference) (1) Preparation of Polymer Porous Substrate A commercially available polyethylene microporous membrane having a porosity of 50%, an average pore diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m and a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was prepared as the polymer porous substrate, and 2.0 cm ⁇ 2. It was cut out to a size of 0 cm.
- the mixed solution was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating.
- the dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of the mixed solution, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- magnesium nitrate hexahydrate Mg (NO 3 ) 2.6H 2 O , manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.
- indium sulfate n hydrate In 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . nH 2 O, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd.
- urea ((NH 2 ) 2 CO, manufactured by Sigma Aldrich) were prepared.
- the substrate is taken out of the closed container, washed with ion-exchanged water, dried at 70 ° C. for 10 hours, and the LDH-like compound and In (OH) 3 containing functional layer are contained in the pores of the porous substrate. Was formed. Thus, an LDH-like compound separator was obtained.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Al, Ti, Y and In, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound or In (OH) 3 , were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. In addition, In, which is a constituent element of In (OH) 3 , was detected in the cube-shaped crystals existing on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator.
- the composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Al, Ti, Y and In on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 3.
- -Evaluation 4 From the peak of the obtained XRD profile, it was identified that In (OH) 3 was present in the LDH-like compound separator.
- Example C2 (reference) LDH-like compound separators were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example C1 except that titania-itria sol coat was applied instead of (2) above.
- Titanium oxide sol solution M6, manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the obtained mixed solution was applied to the substrate prepared in (1) above by dip coating.
- the dip coating was carried out by immersing the substrate in 100 ml of the mixed solution, pulling it up vertically, and drying it at room temperature for 3 hours.
- -Evaluation 3 As a result of EDS elemental analysis, Mg, Ti, Y and In, which are constituent elements of the LDH-like compound or In (OH) 3 , were detected on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator. In addition, In, which is a constituent element of In (OH) 3 , was detected in the cube-shaped crystals existing on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator.
- the composition ratios (atomic ratios) of Mg, Ti, Y and In on the surface of the LDH-like compound separator calculated by EDS elemental analysis are as shown in Table 3.
- -Evaluation 4 From the peak of the obtained XRD profile, it was identified that In (OH) 3 was present in the LDH-like compound separator.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
正極活物質層及び正極集電体を含む正極板と、
亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、亜鉛合金及び亜鉛化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む負極活物質層、及び負極集電体を含む負極板と、
前記負極活物質層の全体を覆う又は包み込む、層状複水酸化物(LDH)様化合物を含むLDH様化合物セパレータと、
電解液と、
を含む電池要素を備えた、亜鉛二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質層、前記負極活物質層、及び前記LDH様化合物セパレータがそれぞれ四辺形状であり、
前記正極集電体が前記正極活物質層の1辺から延出する正極集電タブを有し、かつ、前記負極集電体が前記負極活物質層の前記正極集電タブと反対側の1辺から前記LDH様化合物セパレータの端部を超えて延出する負極集電タブを有し、それにより前記電池要素が前記正極集電タブ及び前記負極集電タブを介して互いに反対の側から集電可能とされており、かつ、
前記LDH様化合物セパレータの互いに隣接する少なくとも2辺の外縁(ただし前記負極集電タブと重なる1辺を除く)が閉じられている、亜鉛二次電池が提供される。
本発明の亜鉛二次電池は、亜鉛を負極として用い、かつ、アルカリ電解液(典型的にはアルカリ金属水酸化物水溶液)を用いた二次電池であれば特に限定されない。したがって、ニッケル亜鉛二次電池、酸化銀亜鉛二次電池、酸化マンガン亜鉛二次電池、空気亜鉛二次電池、その他各種のアルカリ亜鉛二次電池であることができる。例えば、正極が水酸化ニッケル及び/又はオキシ水酸化ニッケルを含み、それにより亜鉛二次電池がニッケル亜鉛二次電池をなすのが好ましい。あるいは、正極が空気極であり、それにより亜鉛二次電池が空気亜鉛二次電池をなしてもよい。
LDH様化合物セパレータは層状複水酸化物(LDH)様化合物を含むセパレータであり、亜鉛二次電池に組み込まれた場合に、正極板と負極板とを水酸化物イオン伝導可能に隔離するものである。すなわち、LDH様化合物セパレータは水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータとしての機能を呈する。好ましいLDH様化合物セパレータはガス不透過性及び/又は水不透過性を有する。換言すれば、LDH様化合物セパレータはガス不透過性及び/又は水不透過性を有するほどに緻密化されているのが好ましい。なお、本明細書において「ガス不透過性を有する」とは、特許文献2及び3に記載されるように、水中で測定対象物の一面側にヘリウムガスを0.5atmの差圧で接触させても他面側からヘリウムガスに起因する泡の発生がみられないことを意味する。また、本明細書において「水不透過性を有する」とは、特許文献2及び3に記載されるように、測定対象物の一面側に接触した水が他面側に透過しないことを意味する。すなわち、LDH様化合物セパレータがガス不透過性及び/又は水不透過性を有するということは、LDH様化合物セパレータが気体又は水を通さない程の高度な緻密性を有することを意味し、透水性又はガス透過性を有する多孔性フィルムやその他の多孔質材料ではないことを意味する。こうすることで、LDH様化合物セパレータは、その水酸化物イオン伝導性に起因して水酸化物イオンのみを選択的に通すものとなり、電池用セパレータとしての機能を呈することができる。このため、充電時に生成する亜鉛デンドライトによるセパレータの貫通を物理的に阻止して正負極間の短絡を防止するのに極めて効果的な構成となっている。LDH様化合物セパレータは水酸化物イオン伝導性を有するため、正極板と負極板との間で必要な水酸化物イオンの効率的な移動を可能として正極板及び負極板における充放電反応を実現することができる。
(a)Mgと、Ti、Y及びAlからなる群から選択される少なくともTiを含む1以上の元素とを含む層状結晶構造の水酸化物及び/又は酸化物である、又は
(b)(i)Ti、Y、及び所望によりAl及び/又はMgと、(ii)In、Bi、Ca、Sr及びBaからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である添加元素Mとを含む、層状結晶構造の水酸化物及び/又は酸化物である、又は
(c)Mg、Ti、Y、及び所望によりAl及び/又はInを含む層状結晶構造の水酸化物及び/又は酸化物であり、該(c)において前記LDH様化合物がIn(OH)3との混合物の形態で存在する。
LDH様化合物セパレータの製造方法は特に限定されず、既に知られるLDH含有機能層及び複合材料の製造方法(例えば特許文献1~4を参照)の諸条件(特にLDH原料組成)を適宜変更することにより作製することができる。例えば、(1)多孔質基材を用意し、(2)多孔質基材に、チタニアゾル(あるいはさらにイットリウムゾル及び/又はアルミナゾル)を含む溶液を塗布して乾燥することでチタニア含有層を形成させ、(3)マグネシウムイオン(Mg2+)及び尿素(あるいはさらにイットリウムイオン(Y3+))を含む原料水溶液に多孔質基材を浸漬させ、(4)原料水溶液中で多孔質基材を水熱処理して、LDH様化合物含有機能層を多孔質基材上及び/又は多孔質基材中に形成させることにより、LDH様化合物含有機能層及び複合材料(すなわちLDH様化合物セパレータ)を製造することができる。また、上記工程(3)において尿素が存在することで、尿素の加水分解を利用してアンモニアが溶液中に発生することによりpH値が上昇し、共存する金属イオンが水酸化物及び/又は酸化物を形成することによりLDH様化合物を得ることができるものと考えられる。
以下に示す例A1~A7はLDH様化合物セパレータに関する参考例である一方、例A8はLDHセパレータに関する比較例である。LDH様化合物セパレータ及びLDHセパレータをまとめて水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータと総称する。なお、以下の例で作製される水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの評価方法は以下のとおりとした。
水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの表面微構造を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM、JSM-6610LV、JEOL社製)を用いて10~20kVの加速電圧で観察した。
水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの層状構造を走査透過電子顕微鏡(STEM)(製品名:JEM-ARM200F、JEOL社製)を用いて、200kVの加速電圧で観察した。
水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ表面に対してEDS分析装置(装置名:X-act、オックスフォード・インストゥルメンツ社製)を用いて組成分析を行い、Mg:Ti:Y:Alの組成比(原子比)を算出した。この分析は、1)加速電圧20kV、倍率5,000倍で像を取り込み、2)点分析モードで5μm程度間隔を空け、3点分析を行い、3)上記1)及び2)をさらに1回繰り返し行い、4)合計6点の平均値を算出することにより行った。
X線回折装置(リガク社製、RINT TTR III)にて、電圧:50kV、電流値:300mA、測定範囲:5~40°の測定条件で、水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの結晶相を測定してXRDプロファイルを得た。また、LDH様化合物に由来するピークに対応する2θを用いてBraggの式により、層状結晶構造の層間距離を決定した。
He透過性の観点から水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの緻密性を評価すべくHe透過試験を以下のとおり行った。まず、図6A及び図6Bに示されるHe透過度測定系310を構築した。He透過度測定系310は、Heガスを充填したガスボンベからのHeガスが圧力計312及び流量計314(デジタルフローメーター)を介して試料ホルダ316に供給され、この試料ホルダ316に保持された水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ318の一方の面から他方の面に透過させて排出させるように構成した。
電解液中での水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの伝導率を図7に示される電気化学測定系を用いて以下のようにして測定した。水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ試料Sを両側から厚み1mmシリコーンパッキン440で挟み、内径6mmのPTFE製フランジ型セル442に組み込んだ。電極446として、#100メッシュのニッケル金網をセル442内に直径6mmの円筒状にして組み込み、電極間距離が2.2mmになるようにした。電解液444として、5.4MのKOH水溶液をセル442内に充填した。電気化学測定システム(ポテンショ/ガルバノスタット-周波数応答アナライザ、ソーラトロン社製1287A型及び1255B型)を用い、周波数範囲は1MHz~0.1Hz、印加電圧は10mVの条件で測定を行い、実数軸の切片を水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ試料Sの抵抗とした。上記同様の測定を水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ試料S無しの構成で行い、ブランク抵抗も求めた。水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ試料Sの抵抗とブランク抵抗の差を水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの抵抗とした。得られた水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの抵抗と、水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの厚み及び面積を用いて伝導率を求めた。
0.4Mの濃度で酸化亜鉛を含む5.4MのKOH水溶液を用意した。用意したKOH水溶液0.5mLと、2cm四方のサイズの水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ試料をテフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器に入れた。その後、90℃で1週間(すなわち168時間)保持した後、水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ試料を密閉容器から取り出した。取り出した水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ試料を室温で1晩乾燥させた。得られた試料について、評価5と同様の方法でHe透過度を算出し、アルカリ浸漬前後におけるHe透過度の変化の有無を判定した。
水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータの亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡の抑制効果(デンドライト耐性)を評価すべくサイクル試験を以下のとおり行った。まず、正極(水酸化ニッケル及び/又はオキシ水酸化ニッケルを含む)と負極(亜鉛及び/又は酸化亜鉛を含む)の各々を不織布で包むとともに、電流取り出し端子を溶接した。こうして準備された正極及び負極を、水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータを介して対向させ、電流取り出し口が設けられたラミネートフィルムに挟んで、ラミネートフィルムの3辺を熱融着した。こうして得られた上部開放されたセル容器に電解液(5.4MのKOH水溶液中に0.4Mの酸化亜鉛を溶解させたもの)を加え、真空引き等により電解液を十分に正極及び負極に浸透させた。その後、ラミネートフィルムの残りの1辺も熱融着して、簡易密閉セルとした。充放電装置(東洋システム株式会社製、TOSCAT3100)を用いて、簡易密閉セルに対し、0.1C充電及び0.2C放電で化成を実施した。その後、1C充放電サイクルを実施した。同一条件で繰り返し充放電サイクルを実施しながら、正極及び負極間の電圧を電圧計でモニタリングし、正極及び負極間における亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡に伴う急激な電圧低下(具体的には直前にプロットされた電圧に対して5mV以上の電圧低下)の有無を調べ、以下の基準で評価した。
・短絡なし:300サイクル後も充電中に上記急激な電圧低下が見られなかった。
・短絡あり:300サイクル未満で充電中に上記急激な電圧低下が見られた。
(1)高分子多孔質基材の準備
気孔率50%、平均気孔径0.1μm及び厚さ20μmの市販のポリエチレン微多孔膜を高分子多孔質基材として用意し、2.0cm×2.0cmの大きさになるように切り出した。
酸化チタンゾル溶液(M6、多木化学株式会社製)を上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、ゾル溶液100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
原料として、硝酸マグネシウム六水和物(Mg(NO3)2・6H2O、関東化学株式会社製)及び尿素((NH2)2CO、シグマアルドリッチ製)を用意した。硝酸マグネシウム六水和物を0.015mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとした。得られた溶液を攪拌した後、溶液中に尿素/NO3 -(モル比)=48の割合で秤量した尿素を加え、更に攪拌して原料水溶液を得た。
テフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器(オートクレーブ容器、内容量100ml、外側がステンレス製ジャケット)に原料水溶液とディップコートされた基材を共に封入した。このとき、基材はテフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器の底から浮かせて固定し、基材両面に溶液が接するように垂直に設置した。その後、水熱温度120℃で24時間水熱処理を施すことにより基材表面と内部にLDH様化合物の形成を行った。所定時間の経過後、基材を密閉容器から取り出し、イオン交換水で洗浄し、70℃で10時間乾燥させて、多孔質基材の孔内にLDH様化合物を形成させた。こうして、LDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
上記LDH様化合物セパレータを、1対のPETフィルム(東レ株式会社製、ルミラー(登録商標)、厚さ40μm)で挟み、ロール回転速度3mm/s、ローラ加熱温度70℃、ロールギャップ70μmにてロールプレスを行い、さらに緻密化されたLDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
得られたLDH様化合物セパレータに対して評価1~8を行った。結果は以下のとおりであった。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータの多孔質基材以外の部分が層状結晶構造の化合物であることが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg及びTiが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg及びTiの組成比(原子比)は表1に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価4:図8Bに例A1で得られたXRDプロファイルを示す。得られたXRDプロファイルにおいて、2θ=9.4°付近にピークが観察された。通常、LDHの(003)ピーク位置は、2θ=11~12°に観察されるため、上記ピークはLDHの(003)ピークが低角側にシフトしたものであると考えられる。このため、上記ピークはLDHとは呼べないもののそれに類する化合物(すなわちLDH様化合物)に由来するピークであることを示唆するものである。なお、XRDプロファイルの20<2θ°<25に観察される2本のピークは、多孔質基材を構成するポリエチレン由来のピークである。また、LDH様化合物における層状結晶構造の層間距離は0.94nmであった。
‐評価5:表1に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表1に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度が変化しないという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表1に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(3)の原料水溶液の作製を以下のように行ったこと、及び上記(4)における水熱処理の温度を90℃にしたこと以外は例A1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
原料として、硝酸マグネシウム六水和物(Mg(NO3)2・6H2O、関東化学株式会社製)及び尿素((NH2)2CO、シグマアルドリッチ製)を用意した。硝酸マグネシウム六水和物を0.03mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとし、得られた溶液を攪拌した後、溶液中に尿素/NO3-(モル比)=8の割合で秤量した尿素を加え、更に攪拌して原料水溶液を得た。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータの多孔質基材以外の部分が層状結晶構造の化合物であることが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg及びTiが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg及びTiの組成比(原子比)は表1に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価4:図9Bに例A2で得られたXRDプロファイルを示す。得られたXRDプロファイルにおいて、2θ=7.2°付近にピークが観察された。通常、LDHの(003)ピーク位置は、2θ=11~12°に観察されるため、上記ピークはLDHの(003)ピークが低角側にシフトしたものであると考えられる。このため、上記ピークはLDHとは呼べないもののそれに類する化合物(すなわちLDH様化合物)に由来するピークであることを示唆するものである。なお、XRDプロファイルの20<2θ°<25に観察される2本のピークは、多孔質基材を構成するポリエチレン由来のピークである。また、LDH様化合物における層状結晶構造の層間距離は1.2nmであった。
‐評価5:表1に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表1に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度が変化しないという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表1に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(2)の代わりに高分子多孔質基材へのチタニア・イットリアゾルコートを以下のように行ったこと以外は、例A1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
酸化チタンゾル溶液(M6、多木化学株式会社製)及びイットリウムゾルをTi/Y(モル比)=4となるように混合した。得られた混合溶液を、上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、混合溶液100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータの多孔質基材以外の部分が層状結晶構造の化合物であることが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Ti及びYが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Ti及びYの組成比(原子比)は表1に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価4:図10Bに例A3で得られたXRDプロファイルを示す。得られたXRDプロファイルにおいて、2θ=8.0°付近にピークが観察された。通常、LDHの(003)ピーク位置は、2θ=11~12°に観察されるため、上記ピークはLDHの(003)ピークが低角側にシフトしたものであると考えられる。このため、上記ピークはLDHとは呼べないもののそれに類する化合物(すなわちLDH様化合物)に由来するピークであることを示唆するものである。なお、XRDプロファイルの20<2θ°<25に観察される2本のピークは、多孔質基材を構成するポリエチレン由来のピークである。また、LDH様化合物における層状結晶構造の層間距離は1.1nmであった。
‐評価5:表1に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表1に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atm未満であり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度が変化しないという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表1に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(2)の代わりに高分子多孔質基材へのチタニア・イットリア・アルミナゾルコートを以下のように行ったこと以外は、例A1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
酸化チタンゾル溶液(M6、多木化学株式会社製)、イットリウムゾル、及び無定形アルミナ溶液(Al-ML15、多木化学株式会社製)をTi/(Y+Al)(モル比)=2、及びY/Al(モル比)=8となるように混合した。混合溶液を、上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、混合溶液100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータの多孔質基材以外の部分が層状結晶構造の化合物であることが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Al、Ti及びYが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Al、Ti及びYの組成比(原子比)は表1に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価4:図11Bに例A4で得られたXRDプロファイルを示す。得られたXRDプロファイルにおいて、2θ=7.8°付近にピークが観察された。通常、LDHの(003)ピーク位置は、2θ=11~12°に観察されるため、上記ピークはLDHの(003)ピークが低角側にシフトしたものであると考えられる。このため、上記ピークはLDHとは呼べないもののそれに類する化合物(すなわちLDH様化合物)に由来するピークであることを示唆するものである。なお、XRDプロファイルの20<2θ°<25に観察される2本のピークは、多孔質基材を構成するポリエチレン由来のピークである。また、LDH様化合物における層状結晶構造の層間距離は1.1nmであった。
‐評価5:表1に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表1に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表1に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(2)の代わりに高分子多孔質基材へのチタニア・イットリアゾルコートを以下のように行ったこと、及び上記(3)の原料水溶液の作製を以下のように行ったこと以外は例A1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
酸化チタンゾル溶液(M6、多木化学株式会社製)及びイットリウムゾルをTi/Y(モル比)=18となるように混合した。得られた混合溶液を、上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、混合溶液100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
原料として、硝酸マグネシウム六水和物(Mg(NO3)2・6H2O、関東化学株式会社製)及び尿素((NH2)2CO、シグマアルドリッチ製)を用意した。硝酸マグネシウム六水和物を0.0075mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとし、得られた溶液を攪拌した。この溶液中に尿素/NO3 -(モル比)=96の割合で秤量した尿素を加え、更に攪拌して原料水溶液を得た。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータの多孔質基材以外の部分が層状結晶構造の化合物であることが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Ti及びYが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Ti及びYの組成比(原子比)は表1に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価4:図12Bに例A5で得られたXRDプロファイルを示す。得られたXRDプロファイルにおいて、2θ=8.9°付近にピークが観察された。通常、LDHの(003)ピーク位置は、2θ=11~12°に観察されるため、上記ピークはLDHの(003)ピークが低角側にシフトしたものであると考えられる。このため、上記ピークはLDHとは呼べないもののそれに類する化合物(すなわちLDH様化合物)に由来するピークであることを示唆するものである。なお、XRDプロファイルの20<2θ°<25に観察される2本のピークは、多孔質基材を構成するポリエチレン由来のピークである。また、LDH様化合物における層状結晶構造の層間距離は0.99nmであった。
‐評価5:表1に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表1に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表1に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(2)の代わりに高分子多孔質基材へのチタニア・アルミナゾルコートを以下のように行ったこと、及び上記(3)の原料水溶液の作製を以下のように行ったこと以外は例A1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
酸化チタンゾル溶液(M6、多木化学株式会社製)及び無定形アルミナ溶液(Al-ML15、多木化学株式会社製)をTi/Al(モル比)=18となるように混合した。混合溶液を、上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、混合溶液100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
原料として、硝酸マグネシウム六水和物(Mg(NO3)2・6H2O、関東化学株式会社製)、硝酸イットリウムn水和物(Y(NO3)3・nH2O、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)及び尿素((NH2)2CO、シグマアルドリッチ製)を用意した。硝酸マグネシウム六水和物を0.0015mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れた。さらに、硝酸イットリウムn水和物を0.0075mol/Lとなるように秤量して上記ビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとし、得られた溶液を攪拌した。この溶液中に尿素/NO3 -(モル比)=9.8の割合で秤量した尿素を加え、更に攪拌して原料水溶液を得た。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータの多孔質基材以外の部分が層状結晶構造の化合物であることが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Al、Ti及びYが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Al、Ti及びYの組成比(原子比)は表1に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価4:図13Bに例A6で得られたXRDプロファイルを示す。得られたXRDプロファイルにおいて、2θ=7.2°付近にピークが観察された。通常、LDHの(003)ピーク位置は、2θ=11~12°に観察されるため、上記ピークはLDHの(003)ピークが低角側にシフトしたものであると考えられる。このため、上記ピークはLDHとは呼べないもののそれに類する化合物(すなわちLDH様化合物)に由来するピークであることを示唆するものである。なお、XRDプロファイルの20<2θ°<25に観察される2本のピークは、多孔質基材を構成するポリエチレン由来のピークである。また、LDH様化合物における層状結晶構造の層間距離は1.2nmであった。
‐評価5:表1に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表1に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表1に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(3)の原料水溶液の作製を以下のように行ったこと以外は例A6と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
原料として、硝酸マグネシウム六水和物(Mg(NO3)2・6H2O、関東化学株式会社製)、硝酸イットリウムn水和物(Y(NO3)3・nH2O、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)及び尿素((NH2)2CO、シグマアルドリッチ製)を用意した。硝酸マグネシウム六水和物を0.0075mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れた。さらに、硝酸イットリウムn水和物を0.0075mol/Lとなるように秤量して上記ビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとし、得られた溶液を攪拌した。この溶液中に尿素/NO3 -(モル比)=25.6の割合で秤量した尿素を加え、更に攪拌して原料水溶液を得た。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータの多孔質基材以外の部分が層状結晶構造の化合物であることが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Al、Ti及びYが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Al、Ti及びYの組成比(原子比)は表1に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表1に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表1に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表1に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(2)の代わりにアルミナゾルコートを以下のように行ったこと以外は、例A1と同様にしてLDHセパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
無定形アルミナゾル(Al-ML15、多木化学株式会社製)を、上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、無定形アルミナゾル100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDHセパレータの多孔質基材以外の部分が層状結晶構造の化合物であることが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDHセパレータ表面において、LDH構成元素であるMg及びAlが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDHセパレータ表面のMg及びAlの組成比(原子比)は表1に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価4:図15Bに例A8で得られたXRDプロファイルを示す。得られたXRDプロファイルにおける2θ=11.5°付近のピークから、例A8で得られたLDHセパレータは、LDH(ハイドロタルサイト類化合物)であることが同定された。この同定は、JCPDSカードNO.35-0964に記載されるLDH(ハイドロタルサイト類化合物)の回折ピークを用いて行った。なお、XRDプロファイルの20<2θ°<25に観察される2本のピークは、多孔質基材を構成するポリエチレン由来のピークである。
‐評価5:表1に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表1に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬の結果、評価5で0.0cm/min・atmであったHe透過度が10cm/min・atmを超えてしまったことから、耐アルカリ性に劣ることが判明した。
‐評価8:表1に示されるとおり、300サイクル未満で亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が生じたことから、デンドライト耐性に劣ることが判明した。
以下に示す例B1~B9はLDH様化合物セパレータに関する参考例である。なお、以下の例で作製されるLDH様化合物セパレータの評価方法は、評価3でMg:Al:Ti:Y:添加元素Mの組成比(原子比)を算出したこと以外は、例A1~A8と同様とした。
(1)高分子多孔質基材の準備
気孔率50%、平均気孔径0.1μm及び厚さ20μmの市販のポリエチレン微多孔膜を高分子多孔質基材として用意し、2.0cm×2.0cmの大きさになるように切り出した。
酸化チタンゾル溶液(M6、多木化学株式会社製)、イットリウムゾル、及び無定形アルミナ溶液(Al-ML15、多木化学株式会社製)をTi/(Y+Al)(モル比)=2、及びY/Al(モル比)=8となるように混合した。混合溶液を、上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、混合溶液100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
原料として、硝酸マグネシウム六水和物(Mg(NO3)2・6H2O、関東化学株式会社製)及び尿素((NH2)2CO、シグマアルドリッチ製)を用意した。硝酸マグネシウム六水和物を0.015mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとした。得られた溶液を攪拌した後、溶液中に尿素/NO3 -(モル比)=48の割合で秤量した尿素を加え、更に攪拌して原料水溶液(I)を得た。
テフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器(オートクレーブ容器、内容量100ml、外側がステンレス製ジャケット)に原料水溶液(I)とディップコートされた基材を共に封入した。このとき、基材はテフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器の底から浮かせて固定し、基材両面に溶液が接するように垂直に設置した。その後、水熱温度120℃で22時間水熱処理を施すことにより基材表面と内部にLDH様化合物の形成を行った。所定時間の経過後、基材を密閉容器から取り出し、イオン交換水で洗浄し、70℃で10時間乾燥させて、多孔質基材の孔内にLDH様化合物を形成させた。
原料として、硫酸インジウムn水和物(In2(SO4)3・nH2O、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)を用意した。硫酸インジウムn水和物を0.0075mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとした。得られた溶液を攪拌して原料水溶液(II)を得た。
テフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器(オートクレーブ容器、内容量100ml、外側がステンレス製ジャケット)に原料水溶液(II)と上記(4)で得たLDH様化合物セパレータを共に封入した。このとき、基材はテフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器の底から浮かせて固定し、基材両面に溶液が接するように垂直に設置した。その後、30℃で1時間浸漬処理を施すことによりインジウム添加を行った。所定時間の経過後、基材を密閉容器から取り出し、イオン交換水で洗浄し、70℃で10時間乾燥させて、インジウムが添加されたLDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
上記LDH様化合物セパレータを、1対のPETフィルム(東レ株式会社製、ルミラー(登録商標)、厚さ40μm)で挟み、ロール回転速度3mm/s、ローラ加熱温度70℃、ロールギャップ70μmにてロールプレスを行い、さらに緻密化されたLDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
得られたLDH様化合物セパレータに対して各種評価を行った。結果は以下のとおりであった。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータの多孔質基材以外の部分が層状結晶構造の化合物であることが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるAl、Ti、Y及びInが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のAl、Ti、Y及びInの組成比(原子比)は表2に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表2に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表2に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度が変化しないという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表2に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(6)の浸漬処理によるインジウム添加において、浸漬処理の時間を24時間に変更したこと以外は、例B1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるAl、Ti、Y及びInが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のAl、Ti、Y及びInの組成比(原子比)は表2に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表2に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表2に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度が変化しないという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表2に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(2)の代わりにチタニア・イットリアゾルコートを以下のように行ったこと以外は、例B1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
酸化チタンゾル溶液(M6、多木化学株式会社製)及びイットリウムゾルをTi/Y(モル比)=2となるように混合した。得られた混合溶液を、上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、混合溶液100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるTi、Y及びInが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のTi、Y及びInの組成比(原子比)は表2に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表2に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表2に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atm未満であり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度が変化しないという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表2に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(5)の原料水溶液(II)の作製を以下のように行ったこと、及び上記(6)の代わりに浸漬処理によるビスマス添加を以下のように行ったこと以外は、例B1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
原料として、硝酸ビスマス五水和物(Bi(NO3)3・5H2O)を用意した。硝酸ビスマス五水和物を0.00075mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとした。得られた溶液を攪拌して原料水溶液(II)を得た。
テフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器(オートクレーブ容器、内容量100ml、外側がステンレス製ジャケット)に原料水溶液(II)と上記(4)で得たLDH様化合物セパレータを共に封入した。このとき、基材はテフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器の底から浮かせて固定し、基材両面に溶液が接するように垂直に設置した。その後、30℃で1時間浸漬処理を施すことによりビスマス添加を行った。所定時間の経過後、基材を密閉容器から取り出し、イオン交換水で洗浄し、70℃で10時間乾燥させて、ビスマスが添加されたLDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Al、Ti、Y及びBiが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Al、Ti、Y及びBiの組成比(原子比)は表2に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表2に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表2に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表2に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記浸漬処理によるビスマス添加において、浸漬処理の時間を12時間に変更したこと以外は、例B4と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Al、Ti、Y及びBiが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Al、Ti、Y及びBiの組成比(原子比)は表2に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表2に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表2に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表2に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記浸漬処理によるビスマス添加において、浸漬処理の時間を24時間に変更したこと以外は、例B4と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Al、Ti、Y及びBiが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Al、Ti、Y及びBiの組成比(原子比)は表2に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表2に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表2に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表2に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(5)の原料水溶液(II)の作製を以下のように行ったこと、及び上記(6)の代わりに浸漬処理によるカルシウム添加を以下のように行ったこと以外は、例B1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
原料として、硝酸カルシウム四水和物(Ca(NO3)2・4H2O)を用意した。硝酸カルシウム四水和物を0.015mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとした。得られた溶液を攪拌して原料水溶液(II)を得た。
テフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器(オートクレーブ容器、内容量100ml、外側がステンレス製ジャケット)に原料水溶液(II)と上記(4)で得たLDH様化合物セパレータを共に封入した。このとき、基材はテフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器の底から浮かせて固定し、基材両面に溶液が接するように垂直に設置した。その後、30℃で6時間浸漬処理を施すことによりカルシウム添加を行った。所定時間の経過後、基材を密閉容器から取り出し、イオン交換水で洗浄し、70℃で10時間乾燥させて、カルシウムが添加されたLDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Al、Ti、Y及びCaが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Al、Ti、Y及びCaの組成比(原子比)は表2に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表2に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表2に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表2に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(5)の原料水溶液(II)の作製を以下のように行ったこと、及び上記(6)の代わりに浸漬処理によるストロンチウム添加を以下のように行ったこと以外は、例B1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
原料として、硝酸ストロンチウム(Sr(NO3)2)を用意した。硝酸ストロンチウムを0.015mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとした。得られた溶液を攪拌して原料水溶液(II)を得た。
テフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器(オートクレーブ容器、内容量100ml、外側がステンレス製ジャケット)に原料水溶液(II)と上記(4)で得たLDH様化合物セパレータを共に封入した。このとき、基材はテフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器の底から浮かせて固定し、基材両面に溶液が接するように垂直に設置した。その後、30℃で6時間浸漬処理を施すことによりストロンチウム添加を行った。所定時間の経過後、基材を密閉容器から取り出し、イオン交換水で洗浄し、70℃で10時間乾燥させて、ストロンチウムが添加されたLDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるMg、Al、Ti、Y及びSrが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Al、Ti、Y及びSrの組成比(原子比)は表2に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表2に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表2に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表2に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(5)の原料水溶液(II)の作製を以下のように行ったこと、及び上記(6)の代わりに浸漬処理によるバリウム添加を以下のように行ったこと以外は、例B1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
原料として、硝酸バリウム(Ba(NO3)2)を用意した。硝酸バリウムを0.015mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーに入れ、そこにイオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとした。得られた溶液を攪拌して原料水溶液(II)を得た。
テフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器(オートクレーブ容器、内容量100ml、外側がステンレス製ジャケット)に原料水溶液(II)と上記(4)で得たLDH様化合物セパレータを共に封入した。このとき、基材はテフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器の底から浮かせて固定し、基材両面に溶液が接するように垂直に設置した。その後、30℃で6時間浸漬処理を施すことによりバリウム添加を行った。所定時間の経過後、基材を密閉容器から取り出し、イオン交換水で洗浄し、70℃で10時間乾燥させて、バリウムが添加されたLDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物の構成元素であるAl、Ti、Y及びBaが検出された。また、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のAl、Ti、Y及びBaの組成比(原子比)は表2に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価5:表2に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表2に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度の変化が無いという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表2に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
以下に示す例C1及びC2はLDH様化合物セパレータに関する参考例である。なお、以下の例で作製されるLDH様化合物セパレータの評価方法は、評価3でMg:Al:Ti:Y:Inの組成比(原子比)を算出したこと以外は、例A1~A8と同様とした。
(1)高分子多孔質基材の準備
気孔率50%、平均気孔径0.1μm及び厚さ20μmの市販のポリエチレン微多孔膜を高分子多孔質基材として用意し、2.0cm×2.0cmの大きさになるように切り出した。
酸化チタンゾル溶液(M6、多木化学株式会社製)、イットリウムゾル、及び無定形アルミナ溶液(Al-ML15、多木化学株式会社製)をTi/(Y+Al)(モル比)=2、及びY/Al(モル比)=8となるように混合した。混合溶液を、上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、混合溶液100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
原料として、硝酸マグネシウム六水和物(Mg(NO3)2・6H2O、関東化学株式会社製)、硫酸インジウムn水和物(In2(SO4)3・nH2O、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)及び尿素((NH2)2CO、シグマアルドリッチ製)を用意した。硝酸マグネシウム六水和物及び硫酸インジウムn水和物をそれぞれ0.0075mol/L、尿素を1.44mol/Lとなるように秤量してビーカーへ入れた後に、イオン交換水を加えて全量を75mlとした。得られた溶液を攪拌して原料水溶液を得た。
テフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器(オートクレーブ容器、内容量100ml、外側がステンレス製ジャケット)に原料水溶液とディップコートされた基材を共に封入した。このとき、基材はテフロン(登録商標)製密閉容器の底から浮かせて固定し、基材両面に溶液が接するように垂直に設置した。その後、水熱温度120℃で22時間水熱処理を施すことにより基材表面と内部にLDH様化合物の形成を行った。所定時間の経過後、基材を密閉容器から取り出し、イオン交換水で洗浄し、70℃で10時間乾燥させて、多孔質基材の孔内にLDH様化合物及びIn(OH)3含有機能層を形成させた。こうして、LDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
上記LDH様化合物セパレータを、1対のPETフィルム(東レ株式会社製、ルミラー(登録商標)、厚さ40μm)で挟み、ロール回転速度3mm/s、ローラ加熱温度70℃、ロールギャップ70μmにてロールプレスを行い、さらに緻密化されたLDH様化合物セパレータを得た。
得られたLDH様化合物セパレータに対して評価1~8を行った。結果は以下のとおりであった。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータが層状結晶構造の化合物を含むことが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物ないしIn(OH)3の構成元素であるMg、Al、Ti、Y及びInが検出された。また、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面に存在するキューブ状の結晶中において、In(OH)3の構成元素であるInが検出された。なお、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Al、Ti、Y及びInの組成比(原子比)は表3に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価4:得られたXRDプロファイルのピークから、In(OH)3がLDH様化合物セパレータ中に存在することが同定された。この同定は、JCPDSカードNo.01-085-1338に記載されるIn(OH)3の回折ピークを用いて行った。
‐評価5:表3に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表3に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度が変化しないという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表3に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
上記(2)の代わりにチタニア・イットリアゾルコートを以下のように行ったこと以外は、例C1と同様にしてLDH様化合物セパレータの作製及び評価を行った。
酸化チタンゾル溶液(M6、多木化学株式会社製)及びイットリウムゾルをTi/Y(モル比)=2となるように混合した。得られた混合溶液を、上記(1)で用意された基材にディップコートにより塗布した。ディップコートは、混合溶液100mlに基材を浸漬させてから垂直に引き上げ、室温で3時間乾燥させることにより行った。
‐評価2:層状の格子縞が確認できるという結果からLDH様化合物セパレータが層状結晶構造の化合物を含むことが確認された。
‐評価3:EDS元素分析の結果、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面において、LDH様化合物ないしIn(OH)3の構成元素であるMg、Ti、Y及びInが検出された。また、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面に存在するキューブ状の結晶中において、In(OH)3の構成元素であるInが検出された。なお、EDS元素分析により算出された、LDH様化合物セパレータ表面のMg、Ti、Y及びInの組成比(原子比)は表3に示されるとおりであった。
‐評価4:得られたXRDプロファイルのピークから、In(OH)3がLDH様化合物セパレータ中に存在することが同定された。この同定は、JCPDSカードNo.01-085-1338に記載されるIn(OH)3の回折ピークを用いて行った。
‐評価5:表3に示されるとおり、He透過度0.0cm/min・atmという極めて高い緻密性が確認された。
‐評価6:表3に示されるとおり、高いイオン伝導率が確認された。
‐評価7:アルカリ浸漬後におけるHe透過度は評価5と同様、0.0cm/min・atmであり、90℃もの高温で1週間にわたるアルカリ浸漬によってもHe透過度が変化しないという優れた耐アルカリ性が確認された。
‐評価8:表3に示されるとおり、300サイクル後でも亜鉛デンドライトに起因する短絡が無いという優れたデンドライト耐性が確認された。
Claims (15)
- 正極活物質層及び正極集電体を含む正極板と、
亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、亜鉛合金及び亜鉛化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む負極活物質層、及び負極集電体を含む負極板と、
前記負極活物質層の全体を覆う又は包み込む、層状複水酸化物(LDH)様化合物を含むLDH様化合物セパレータと、
電解液と、
を含む電池要素を備えた、亜鉛二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質層、前記負極活物質層、及び前記LDH様化合物セパレータがそれぞれ四辺形状であり、
前記正極集電体が前記正極活物質層の1辺から延出する正極集電タブを有し、かつ、前記負極集電体が前記負極活物質層の前記正極集電タブと反対側の1辺から前記LDH様化合物セパレータの端部を超えて延出する負極集電タブを有し、それにより前記電池要素が前記正極集電タブ及び前記負極集電タブを介して互いに反対の側から集電可能とされており、かつ、
前記LDH様化合物セパレータの互いに隣接する少なくとも2辺の外縁(ただし前記負極集電タブと重なる1辺を除く)が閉じられている、亜鉛二次電池。 - 前記LDH様化合物が、
(a)Mgと、Ti、Y及びAlからなる群から選択される少なくともTiを含む1以上の元素とを含む層状結晶構造の水酸化物及び/又は酸化物である、又は
(b)(i)Ti、Y、及び所望によりAl及び/又はMgと、(ii)In、Bi、Ca、Sr及びBaからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である添加元素Mとを含む、層状結晶構造の水酸化物及び/又は酸化物である、又は
(c)Mg、Ti、Y、及び所望によりAl及び/又はInを含む層状結晶構造の水酸化物及び/又は酸化物であり、該(c)において前記LDH様化合物がIn(OH)3との混合物の形態で存在する、請求項1に記載の亜鉛二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質層と前記LDH様化合物セパレータの間に介在し、かつ、前記負極活物質層の全体を覆う又は包み込む保液部材をさらに備える、請求項1又は2に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記保液部材が不織布である、請求項3に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記正極板、前記負極板、及び前記LDH様化合物セパレータがそれぞれ縦向きとなり、かつ、前記LDH様化合物セパレータの閉じられた外縁の1辺が下端となるように、前記電池要素が配置されており、その結果、前記正極集電タブ及び前記負極集電タブが前記電池要素の互いに反対の側端部から横に延出している、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記LDH様化合物セパレータの上端となる1辺の外縁が開放されている、又は前記LDH様化合物セパレータの上端となる1辺の外縁が閉じられており、該閉じられた外縁の一部に通気孔が設けられる、請求項5に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記亜鉛二次電池が、前記電池要素を収容するケースをさらに備える、請求項6に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記正極集電タブの先端に接続する正極集電板と、前記負極集電タブの先端に接続する負極集電板とをさらに備えた、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記電池要素の数が2以上であり、該2以上の電池要素がケースに一緒に収容される、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記LDH様化合物セパレータの外縁の閉じられた状態が、前記LDH様化合物セパレータの折り曲げ及び/又は前記LDH様化合物セパレータ同士の封止により実現されている、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記LDH様化合物セパレータがLDHと多孔質基材とを含み、前記LDH様化合物セパレータが水酸化物イオン伝導性及びガス不透過性を呈するように前記LDHが前記多孔質基材の孔を塞いでいる、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記多孔質基材が高分子材料製である、請求項11に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記LDHが前記多孔質基材の厚さ方向の全域にわたって組み込まれている、請求項12に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質層が水酸化ニッケル及び/又はオキシ水酸化ニッケルを含み、それにより前記亜鉛二次電池がニッケル亜鉛二次電池をなす、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質層が空気極層であり、それにより前記亜鉛二次電池が空気亜鉛二次電池をなす、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛二次電池。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112021005040.0T DE112021005040T5 (de) | 2020-11-24 | 2021-08-05 | Zink-sekundärbatterie |
JP2022565052A JPWO2022113434A1 (ja) | 2020-11-24 | 2021-08-05 | |
CN202180062516.7A CN116261790A (zh) | 2020-11-24 | 2021-08-05 | 锌二次电池 |
US18/177,423 US20230207796A1 (en) | 2020-11-24 | 2023-03-02 | Zinc secondary battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020194748 | 2020-11-24 | ||
JP2020-194748 | 2020-11-24 | ||
JP2020-200578 | 2020-12-02 | ||
JP2020200578 | 2020-12-02 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US18/177,423 Continuation US20230207796A1 (en) | 2020-11-24 | 2023-03-02 | Zinc secondary battery |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022113434A1 true WO2022113434A1 (ja) | 2022-06-02 |
Family
ID=81754534
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2021/029118 WO2022113434A1 (ja) | 2020-11-24 | 2021-08-05 | 亜鉛二次電池 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230207796A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2022113434A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN116261790A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112021005040T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022113434A1 (ja) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017163906A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-28 | 国立大学法人名古屋工業大学 | 電池用電極材料及びその製造方法 |
WO2018062360A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | 国立大学法人愛媛大学 | ハイブリッド材料の製造方法及びハイブリッド材料 |
WO2019077953A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 亜鉛二次電池 |
WO2020255856A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-24 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013118561A1 (ja) | 2012-02-06 | 2013-08-15 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 亜鉛二次電池 |
CN107108250B (zh) | 2014-10-28 | 2019-05-07 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 层状双氢氧化物致密膜的形成方法 |
EP3139437B1 (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2020-06-17 | NGK Insulators, Ltd. | Separator structure body for use in zinc secondary battery |
-
2021
- 2021-08-05 WO PCT/JP2021/029118 patent/WO2022113434A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2021-08-05 DE DE112021005040.0T patent/DE112021005040T5/de active Pending
- 2021-08-05 JP JP2022565052A patent/JPWO2022113434A1/ja active Pending
- 2021-08-05 CN CN202180062516.7A patent/CN116261790A/zh active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-03-02 US US18/177,423 patent/US20230207796A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017163906A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-28 | 国立大学法人名古屋工業大学 | 電池用電極材料及びその製造方法 |
WO2018062360A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | 国立大学法人愛媛大学 | ハイブリッド材料の製造方法及びハイブリッド材料 |
WO2019077953A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 亜鉛二次電池 |
WO2020255856A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-24 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN116261790A (zh) | 2023-06-13 |
DE112021005040T5 (de) | 2023-09-14 |
JPWO2022113434A1 (ja) | 2022-06-02 |
US20230207796A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6889340B1 (ja) | 水酸化物イオン伝導セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 | |
US11342551B2 (en) | Zinc secondary battery | |
JP6993422B2 (ja) | 亜鉛二次電池用負極構造体 | |
US9692026B2 (en) | Secondary cell using hydroxide-ion-conductive ceramic separator | |
US10700328B2 (en) | Nickel-zinc battery cell pack and battery pack using same | |
JP6677860B2 (ja) | 亜鉛二次電池用の負極構造体の製造方法 | |
JP6993246B2 (ja) | 亜鉛二次電池 | |
JP6997019B2 (ja) | 亜鉛二次電池 | |
JP7017445B2 (ja) | 亜鉛二次電池用負極構造体 | |
WO2021193436A1 (ja) | 亜鉛二次電池及びモジュール電池 | |
US11239489B2 (en) | Zinc secondary battery | |
WO2022113434A1 (ja) | 亜鉛二次電池 | |
WO2021193407A1 (ja) | 亜鉛二次電池 | |
JP7048831B1 (ja) | Ldh様化合物セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 | |
JP7048830B1 (ja) | Ldh様化合物セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 | |
WO2022118504A1 (ja) | Ldh様化合物セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 | |
JP7057867B1 (ja) | Ldh様化合物セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 | |
WO2022118503A1 (ja) | Ldh様化合物セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 | |
WO2022195942A1 (ja) | ニッケル亜鉛二次電池 | |
JP7057866B1 (ja) | Ldh様化合物セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 | |
WO2022113446A1 (ja) | Ldh様化合物セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 | |
WO2022113448A1 (ja) | Ldh様化合物セパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 | |
WO2022113433A1 (ja) | 層状複水酸化物様化合物を用いた電池 | |
WO2022107568A1 (ja) | Ldhセパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21897413 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022565052 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 112021005040 Country of ref document: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 21897413 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |