WO2022107687A1 - リチウム複合酸化物単結晶、リチウム複合酸化物多結晶、リチウム複合酸化物材料、固体電解質材料、全固体リチウムイオン二次電池、および固体電解質材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム複合酸化物単結晶、リチウム複合酸化物多結晶、リチウム複合酸化物材料、固体電解質材料、全固体リチウムイオン二次電池、および固体電解質材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022107687A1 WO2022107687A1 PCT/JP2021/041657 JP2021041657W WO2022107687A1 WO 2022107687 A1 WO2022107687 A1 WO 2022107687A1 JP 2021041657 W JP2021041657 W JP 2021041657W WO 2022107687 A1 WO2022107687 A1 WO 2022107687A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solid electrolyte
- composite oxide
- lithium composite
- electrolyte material
- lithium
- Prior art date
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 121
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 101
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 54
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004467 single crystal X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 La 2 Zr 2 O 7 Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012982 x-ray structure analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002259 gallium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002604 lanthanum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002822 niobium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003482 tantalum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SLODBEHWNYQCRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La+3].[O-2].[Zr+4] Chemical class [La+3].[O-2].[Zr+4] SLODBEHWNYQCRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGDGPIPRLIPOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La].[Ta] Chemical class [La].[Ta] AGDGPIPRLIPOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWKWDCOTNGQLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Ar] Chemical compound [N].[Ar] PWKWDCOTNGQLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJHQUQJABBRDOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Nb].[La] Chemical class [Nb].[La] AJHQUQJABBRDOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYDJZNNBDSIQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Zr+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[Li+] WYDJZNNBDSIQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IAQLJCYTGRMXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;acetate;dihydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.O.CC([O-])=O IAQLJCYTGRMXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006316 polyvinylpyrrolidine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium composite oxide single crystal, a lithium composite oxide polycrystal, a lithium composite oxide material, a solid electrolyte material, an all-solid lithium ion secondary battery, and a method for producing a solid electrolyte material.
- Lithium-ion secondary batteries have a higher energy density than secondary batteries such as NiCad batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, and can be operated at high potentials, so they are widely used in small information devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers. Has been done.
- lithium ion secondary batteries are easy to reduce in size and weight, the demand for them as secondary batteries for hybrid automobiles and electric vehicles is increasing in recent years.
- the solid electrolyte used in the all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery is required to have high ionic conductivity.
- Patent Document 1 It has been reported that a material having a cubic garnet-type structure has a high ionic conductivity (see Patent Document 1), and research and development of a material having this structure is underway.
- the material whose chemical composition is represented by Li 7-x La 3 Zr 2-x Ta x O 12 and Li 7-x La 3 Zr 2-x Nb x O 12 has a composition ratio x of 0.5. It has been reported that it has high ionic conductivity in the near case (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- As a material that realizes high ionic conductivity it is necessary to reduce grain boundary resistance and interfacial resistance as much as possible, so a solid material that is a high-density molded body is desirable.
- the solid material which is a high-density molded body, can prevent short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes during the charge / discharge process and can be sliced, which has the potential for future miniaturization of all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary batteries. give.
- these polycrystalline materials having a cubic garnet-type structure are difficult to sinter, and it is difficult to produce a high-density molded body.
- a material that achieves high ionic conductivity it is necessary to reduce grain boundary resistance and interfacial resistance as much as possible, so a solid material that is a high-density molded body is desirable.
- a high-density molded body that is a single crystal is not affected by grain boundaries, and therefore high lithium ion conductivity is expected.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a lithium composite oxide single crystal, a lithium composite oxide polycrystal, a lithium composite oxide material, a solid electrolyte material, and an all-solid lithium ion having improved lithium ion conductivity. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a secondary battery and a solid electrolyte material.
- the present inventors have diligently studied a method of melting and cooling a mixed raw material containing an excess of lithium and gallium at a high temperature based on the composition ratio of the target solid electrolyte material.
- Li 7-3x-w-v Ga x La 3 Zr 2-w-v Ta W Nb v O 12 (0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0), which belongs to the cubic system and has a garnet-type structure. It was found that a single crystal of ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0) can be produced, and it is confirmed that this single crystal can be mechanically sliced.
- the present invention was completed. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
- the lithium composite oxide single crystal according to one aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition of Li 7-3x-w-v Ga x La 3 Zr 2-w-v Ta W Nb v O 12 (0.02 ⁇ ).
- x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0), it is a cubic system, belongs to the space group I-43d, and is a garnet type. Has a structure.
- the lithium composite oxide polycrystal according to one aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition of Li 7-3x-w-v Ga x La 3 Zr 2-w-v Ta W Nb v O 12 (0.02 ⁇ ).
- x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0), it is a cubic system, belongs to the space group I-43d, and is a garnet type. Has a structure.
- the relative density is preferably 90% or more.
- the relative density is preferably 95% or more.
- the lithium composite oxide material according to one aspect of the present invention includes the lithium composite oxide single crystal according to the above aspect or the lithium composite oxide polycrystal according to the above aspect.
- the solid electrolyte material according to one aspect of the present invention includes the lithium composite oxide single crystal according to the above aspect or the lithium composite oxide polycrystal according to the above aspect.
- the lithium ion conductivity is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -3 S / cm or more.
- the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery according to one aspect of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte material according to the above aspect.
- the method for producing a solid electrolyte material according to one aspect of the present invention is the method for producing a solid electrolyte material according to the above aspect, and the chemical composition is Li (7-3x—W) y Ga xz La 3 Zr 2 . -W Ta W Nb v O 12 (0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 1.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.4, 1.6 ⁇ z ⁇ 3.3, 0 ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V
- a rod-shaped substrate (first) containing a raw material represented by ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0, 1.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.5, 1.5 ⁇ z ⁇ 3.5). It has a melted portion forming step of melting at least a part of the base material) to form a melted portion, and a melted portion moving step of moving the melted portion at an average speed of 8 mm / h or more.
- the average speed is preferably 8 mm / h or more and 19 mm / h or less.
- the melted portion moving step may be performed with the seed crystal of the solid electrolyte attached to the melted portion.
- the melting part moving step of the method for producing a solid electrolyte material according to the above aspect it is preferable to rotate the melting part at a rotation speed of 2 rpm or more and 8 rpm or less on a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the base material. ..
- the method for producing a solid electrolyte material according to another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a solid electrolyte material according to the above aspect, wherein the chemical composition is Li (7-3x-).
- It has a melt adhering step of moving the melt adhering to the base material together with the base material, and a melt moving step of moving the melt adhering to the base material to the outside of the pit at an average speed of 8 mm / h or more.
- the average speed is 8 mm / h or more and 19 mm / h or less.
- the melt transfer step may be performed with the seed crystal of the solid electrolyte attached to the substrate.
- the rod-shaped base material is placed on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction at a rotation speed of 2 rpm or more and 8 rpm or less with respect to the melt. It is preferable to rotate it.
- a lithium composite oxide single crystal with improved lithium ion conductivity a lithium composite oxide polycrystal, a lithium composite oxide material, a solid electrolyte material, an all-solid lithium ion secondary battery, and a solid electrolyte material. Production method can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an external photograph of a Li 6 Ga 0.25 La3Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 single crystal grown by the FZ method in Example 1. It is a single crystal X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 single crystal of FIG. 1. It is a schematic diagram which shows the garnet type structure of the Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 single crystal of FIG. It is a Nyquist plot obtained by using the AC impedance method in the Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 single crystal of FIG. It is a powder X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 single crystal of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an external photograph of Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 crystals grown by the FZ method in Example 3. It is a single crystal X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 single crystal of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a garnet-type structure of a Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 single crystal of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a garnet-type structure of a Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 single crystal of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 4 is an external photograph of Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 crystals grown by the FZ method in Example 4. It is a single crystal X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 single crystal of FIG. 10.
- 11 is a schematic diagram showing a garnet-type structure of a single crystal of Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 in FIG. 11.
- FIG. 5 is an external photograph of Li 6.125 Ga 0.125 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.25 Nb 0.25 O 12 crystals grown by the Cz method in Example 5.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a garnet-type structure of a single crystal of Li 6.125 Ga 0.125 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.25 Nb 0.25 O 12 in FIG. 13.
- 6 is an external photograph of Li 5.55 Ga 0.4 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 crystals grown by the FZ method in Example 6.
- It is a single crystal X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the Li 5.55 Ga 0.4 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 single crystal of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a garnet-type structure of a single crystal of Li 5.55 Ga 0.4 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 in FIG. 16. It is an appearance photograph of the lithium composite oxide polycrystal prepared in Example 7.
- the solid electrolyte material according to the embodiment of the present invention has a chemical composition of Li 7-3x-w-v Ga x La 3 Zr 2-w-v Ta W Nb v O 12 (0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5). , 0 ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0), at least one of the lithium composite oxide single crystal and the lithium composite oxide polycrystal include.
- the solid electrolyte material is a kind of lithium composite oxide material.
- the use of the lithium composite oxide material is not limited to the use as a solid electrolyte of an all-solid-state battery, and can be applied to various uses.
- the lithium composite oxide single crystal contained in the solid electrolyte material is a cubic system, belongs to the space group I-43d, and has a garnet-type structure.
- the lithium composite oxide polycrystal contained in the solid electrolyte material is a cubic crystal system, belongs to the space group I-43d, and is composed of a single crystal having a garnet-type structure.
- a lithium composite oxide having a relative density of 99% or more is a lithium composite oxide single crystal, and a lithium composite oxide having a relative density of 90% or more and less than 99%, preferably 95% or more and less than 99% is lithium. It is a composite oxide polycrystal.
- a volatile material is used for the lithium composite oxide single crystal in the manufacturing process described later, and when it is manufactured by the melting method, air may be generated and voids may be generated inside. In such a case, The relative density is less than 100%.
- the outer shape of the prepared lithium composite oxide sample (slices, etc.) is measured to calculate the apparent volume, and the apparent density calculated from the measured mass is obtained from the single crystal X-ray structure analysis result. It is calculated by dividing by the true density to be obtained. Since the solid electrolyte material of the present embodiment has a high density, it can be easily cut into any thickness by using a diamond cutter or the like.
- the lithium ion conductivity can be 1.0 ⁇ 10 -3 S / cm or more, and by setting the relative density to almost 100%, 4.0 ⁇ 10 -3 S / cm or more. It can also be. The higher the relative density, the higher the adhesion between the particles, the smaller the grain boundaries, and the better the ionic conductivity.
- the method for producing the solid electrolyte material of the present embodiment mainly includes a step of forming a molten portion of the raw material of the solid electrolyte material (melted portion forming step) and a step of moving the melted portion (melted portion moving step).
- the formation and movement of the molten portion can be performed by melting the floating zone (FZ) method, Czochralski (Cz) method, Bridgeman method, pedestal method, etc., depending on the size and shape of the crystal to be manufactured. Use one of the methods.
- the lithium compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains lithium, and examples thereof include oxides such as Li 2 O and carbonates such as Li 2 CO 3 .
- the gallium compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains gallium, and examples thereof include oxides such as Ga 2 O 3 and nitrates such as Ga (NO 3 ) 3 .
- the lanthanum compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains lanthanum, and examples thereof include oxides such as La 2 O 3 and hydroxides such as La (OH) 3 .
- the zirconium compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains zirconium, and examples thereof include oxides such as ZrO 2 and chlorides such as ZrCl 4 .
- the tantalum compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains tantalum, and examples thereof include oxides such as Ta 2 O 5 and chlorides such as TaCl 5 .
- the niobium compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains niobium, and examples thereof include oxides such as Nb 2 O 5 and chlorides such as Nb Cl 5 .
- Li: Ga: La: Zr: Ta: Nb is (7-3x-w).
- -V) y: xz: 3: (2-w-v): w: v (0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 Weighing may be performed so as to have a molar ratio of ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0, 1.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.5, 1.5 ⁇ z ⁇ 3.5).
- Examples of such two or more kinds of compounds include lanthanum zirconium oxides such as La 2 Zr 2 O 7 , gallium lanthanum oxides such as GaLaO 6 , lithium gallium oxides such as Li 5 GaO 4 , and Li 2 ZrO 3 .
- Examples thereof include lithium zirconium oxide, lanthanum tantalum compounds such as LaTaO 4 , and lanthanum niobium compounds such as LaNbO 4 .
- each weighed compound is mixed.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited as long as each of these compounds can be mixed uniformly, and may be mixed wet or dry using a mixer such as a mixer, for example.
- the obtained mixture is filled in a crucible with a lid and then calcined at 600 ° C. to 900 ° C., preferably 850 ° C. to obtain a powder as a raw material. It is more preferable to repeat crushing, mixing, and firing the raw material that has been tentatively fired once again.
- the obtained raw material powder is crushed to make the particle size finer.
- the pulverization method is not particularly limited as long as the particles can be pulverized, and may be pulverized wet or dry using, for example, a pulverizer such as a planetary ball mill, a pot mill, or a bead mill. Then, after filling the obtained crushed product into a rubber tube, a hydrostatic pressure press is performed to mold it into a rod shape.
- the obtained rod-shaped molded body is fired at about 700 ° C. to 1300 ° C., preferably 800 ° C. to 1150 ° C. for about 4 hours to obtain a rod-shaped first substrate.
- the chemical composition of the raw material is Li (7-3x-wv) y Ga xz La 3 Zr2- W Ta W Nb v O 12 (0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 1.1 ⁇ y ⁇ ). 1.4, 1.6 ⁇ z ⁇ 3.3, 0 ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0). In this way, a rod-shaped first substrate can be manufactured.
- the rod-shaped first base material is housed in an infrared condensing heating furnace, and at least a part of the first base material is melted (melted portion forming step).
- the chemical composition is Li (7-3x-wv) y Ga xz La 3 Zr 2-w Ta W Nb v O 12 (0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 1.1 ⁇ y). ⁇ 1.4, 1.6 ⁇ z ⁇ 3.3, 0 ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0) At least a part of the first substrate of No.
- the melting portion forming step may be performed while rotating on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, that is, rotating around the longitudinal direction of the first base material as the axis center.
- the raw material in which the melting part is formed is moved in the longitudinal direction thereof (melting part moving step).
- the raw material having the above chemical composition is moved in parallel with the longitudinal direction, that is, along the longitudinal direction at an average speed of 8 mm / h or more (preferably 8 mm / h or more and 19 mm / h or less).
- the molten portion moving step may be performed with the seed crystal of the solid electrolyte attached to the molten portion. In this case, the seed crystal also forms a melted portion and starts moving within a few minutes after being combined with the melted portion of the raw material. Along with the movement, the molten portion is rapidly cooled.
- Li 7-3x-w-v GaxLa 3 Zr 2-w-v Ta W Nb v which is a cubic crystal system with a relative density of 90% or more, belongs to the space group I-43d, and has a garnet-type structure.
- a solid electrolyte material containing a lithium composite oxide of O 12 (0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0) can get.
- the molten portion of the first base material formed into a rod shape is set to a predetermined rotation speed, preferably 30 rpm or more, more preferably 30 rpm or more and 60 rpm or less, on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Rotate so that it becomes. Further, when a seed crystal is used, it is attached to the tip of a rod-shaped first base material, melted together with the first base material, a part thereof is made into a melted portion, and the seed crystal is rotated together with the melted portion at the same rotation speed.
- bubbles are generated in the molten part as highly volatile lithium tries to volatilize.
- bubbles derived from raw materials are generated in the manufacturing process, which may cause voids in the lithium composite oxide single crystal as a finished product.
- the relative density is less than 100%.
- an infrared condensing heating device if the highly volatile gas stays, the infrared light may be blocked by the highly volatile gas, and it is volatile from the viewpoint of efficiently implementing the FZ method.
- the molten portion forming step and the melting portion moving step are performed in a dry gas atmosphere.
- the dry gas for example, the FZ method can be performed while flowing a gas such as oxygen, nitrogen argon, or air.
- a second base material for growing lithium composite oxide crystals is immersed in the melt in the crucible, and the melt is attached to the second base material (melt adhesion step).
- the shape of the second base material here is not particularly limited.
- the melt adhering to the second base material is moved (pulled) out of the crucible at an average speed of 8 mm / h or more (preferably 8 mm / h or more and 19 mm / h or less) (melting). Liquid transfer process).
- the lithium composite is formed by rotating the second base material at a rotation speed of 2 rpm or more and 8 rpm or less with respect to the melt on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the second base material in the process of moving the melt portion. It is possible to promote the growth of oxide crystals.
- melt adhesion step When the melt adhesion step is performed with the solid electrolyte seed crystal attached to the second substrate, the melt adheres to the seed crystal, and the lithium composite oxide crystal in the melt transfer step. Can be promoted.
- the lithium composite oxide grown by the melting method has a crystal structure having a relative density of 90% or more and has few grain boundaries, so that it has excellent lithium ion conductivity. Therefore, for example, in an all-solid lithium ion secondary battery provided with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte, the lithium composite oxide (lithium composite oxide single crystal, lithium composite oxide) of the present embodiment is used as the solid electrolyte.
- a solid electrolyte material containing (polycrystal) can be used.
- the relative density of the grown lithium composite oxide can be adjusted by changing the production conditions. For example, the higher the heating temperature in the melting portion (melt) forming step and the longer the heating time, the higher the relative density can be.
- lithium carbonate Li 2 CO 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 28.024 g, gallium oxide Ga 2 O 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 3.385 g, and lanthanum oxide La 2 O 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 44.131 g, zirconium oxide ZrO 2 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 19.472 g, and tantalum oxide Ta 2 O 5 (rare metallic, purity) 99.99%) 4.988 g was placed in a Menou dairy pot and mixed uniformly by a wet method using ethanol. The lanthanum oxide was preliminarily fired at 900 ° C.
- the molar ratio of the metals contained in these mixtures is relative to the stoichiometric ratio of the target Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 .
- Lithium was 1.4 times the target composition
- gallium was 1.6 times the target composition. That is, the chemical composition of the metal contained in the mixture was Li 8.4 Ga 0.4 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 .
- an alumina crucible with a lid (manufactured by Nikkato, C3 type) was filled with 100 g of this mixture. Then, this was put into a box type electric furnace (manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., FP100 type) and calcined at 850 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a powder (first powder). Next, the obtained first powder was pulverized. More specifically, 100 g of the first powder, 300 g of zirconia balls having a diameter of 5 mm, and 50 g of isopropanol are filled in a zirconia crushing container having a capacity of 250 mL, and a planetary ball mill (Fritsch, Germany, model P-6) is formed.
- the pulverized powder (second powder) was dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours, and classified using a sieve having a 250 ⁇ m opening.
- the powder that has passed through the sieve having a 250 ⁇ m opening is referred to as a third powder.
- a rod-shaped molded product (first base material) was produced by the following procedure. First, a cylindrical rubber mold was filled with about 34 g of the third powder and degassed. Next, this mold was placed in water in a sealed state and maintained at a pressure of 40 MPa for 5 minutes. Then, after reducing the pressure of water, the molded body (first molded body) was taken out from the mold. The first molded body had a cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the bottom surface thereof was about 1.0 cm and the height was about 12.0 cm.
- the first columnar molded body was fired at 1150 ° C. for 4 hours.
- the second molded body (first base material), which is the molded body after firing, had a rod shape with a bottom surface diameter of about 0.9 cm and a height of about 11 cm.
- a rod-shaped second molding obtained in the above step is formed inside a four-elliptical infrared condensing heating furnace (FZ furnace) (FZ-T-10000H type manufactured by Crystal System) equipped with a 1 kW halogen lamp. I installed my body and made the internal space a dry air atmosphere.
- FZ furnace four-elliptical infrared condensing heating furnace
- I installed my body and made the internal space a dry air atmosphere.
- the rod-shaped second molded body is rotated in the extending direction of the second molded body.
- Example 1 the high-density Li 6 Ga 0. Crystals of 25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Sample 1”) were grown.
- FIG. 1 is an external photograph of sample 1 grown along the longitudinal direction of the first base material B. As shown in FIG. 1, the length of the sample 1 is about 7 cm.
- FIG. 2 is an image showing the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the sample 1, and the diffraction point D peculiar to the single crystal structure can be clearly confirmed from this image.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the structure of sample 1.
- a cubic garnet-type structure Li 7-3x-y Ga x La 3 Zr 2 produced by sintering a polycrystal of a raw material of a lithium composite oxide.
- -Y Nby O 12 has a spatial group belonging to Ia-3d (for example, Non-Patent Document 5).
- the sample 1 obtained by the melting method has a distinctly different space group from that produced by the sintering method as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 5, and has a crystal structure. It turns out that it is a different new substance. Since the R factor indicating the reliability of the crystal structure analysis here was 2.33%, it can be judged that the result of this crystal structure analysis is appropriate.
- sample 1 having a gallium-substituted cubic garnet-type structure, the distance between the arranged lithium ions is the shortest, and the lithium ion seats are appropriately deleted. Therefore, the lithium ion conductivity of Sample 1 is considered to be higher than that of other cubic garnet-type structural compounds.
- Sample 1 was cut to prepare a columnar (bottom surface diameter of about 0.50 cm, thickness of about 0.20 cm) flakes. Gold was sputtered onto the two bottom surfaces (front side and back side) of the flakes to form cylindrical electrodes (bottom surface diameter 0.40 cm, thickness 40 nm).
- FIG. 4 is a graph of the Nyquist plot obtained from the measurement results.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shows the real part Z'( ⁇ cm) of impedance, and the vertical axis of the graph shows the imaginary part Z'' ( ⁇ cm) of impedance. From this graph, the lithium ion conductivity is calculated as 4.62 ⁇ 10 -3 S / cm.
- FIG. 5 shows a powder X-ray diffraction pattern obtained as a result of pulverizing the sample 1 and performing powder X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of Sample 1 was similar to the single-phase diffraction pattern of the cubic garnet-type structure.
- Example 2 (Creation of all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery) An all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery using the sample 1 obtained in Example 1 as a solid electrolyte material was produced by the following procedure.
- sample 1 is cut to prepare a columnar thin section having a bottom surface diameter of about 0.6 cm and a thickness of about 0.10 cm, and 10 ⁇ l of the above solution is added dropwise to the thin section at 400 ° C. for 20 minutes. It was fired. After that, it was fired at 850 ° C. for 10 minutes, lithium cobalt oxide was synthesized as a positive electrode on the front surface of sample 1, and metallic lithium was attached as a negative electrode on the back surface of sample 1 (all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery).
- Sample 2 Example 2
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the evaluation device 10 of the sample 2.
- the evaluation device 10 is mainly composed of a battery evaluation cell 11 and a sample 2 support means 12 installed therein.
- the battery evaluation cell 11 is composed of an evaluation cell body 11A that accommodates and supports the support means 12, and an evaluation cell lid 11B that covers from the side opposite to the evaluation cell body 11A side.
- the evaluation cell body 11A and the evaluation cell lid 11B are bonded via an O-ring 13 made of silicon rubber and an O-ring 14 made of fluororesin, and are configured to fix the sample 1.
- the supporting means 12 includes a base 12A on which the sample 1 is placed with the metal lithium plate (negative electrode) 15 interposed therebetween, a spring 12B for adjusting the height of the base 12A, and a spring guide 12C for fixing the spring 12B. Consists of.
- the sample 1 was used as the solid electrolyte material, and the voltage was measured with respect to the sample 2 in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode were synthesized.
- a sample 2 and a disk-shaped metallic lithium plate (diameter 4 mm, thickness 1 mm) 15 are installed in a commercially available battery evaluation HS cell (manufactured by Hosen Co., Ltd.) 11. Then, when the voltage was measured, it showed 2.9V at the open circuit voltage. As a result, it was confirmed that the sample 2 functions as a battery.
- Example 3 is different from Example 1 in that a sample containing niobium without tantalum is formed and the mixing ratio of raw materials is different from that of Example 1.
- the lanthanum oxide was preliminarily fired at 900 ° C.
- the molar ratio of the metals contained in these mixtures, Li: Ga: La: Zr: Ta, is relative to the stoichiometric ratio of the target Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 .
- Lithium was 1.4 times the target composition
- gallium was 1.6 times the target composition. That is, the chemical composition of the metal contained in the mixture was Li 8.4 Ga 0.4 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 .
- FIG. 7 is an external photograph of the sample 3. As shown in FIG. 7, the length of the sample 3 is about 7 cm.
- FIG. 8 is an image showing the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the sample 3, and the diffraction point D peculiar to the single crystal structure can be clearly confirmed from this image.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows the structure of the sample 3.
- a cubic garnet-type structure Li 7-3x-y Ga x La 3 Zr 2 produced by sintering a polycrystal of a raw material of a lithium composite oxide.
- -Y Nby O 12 is considered to have a spatial group belonging to Ia-3d in the same manner as the related compound Li 7-3x-y Ga x La 3 Zr 2-y Tay O 12 (for example, non-patented).
- Document 5 ).
- the sample 3 obtained by the melting method has a distinctly different space group from that produced by the sintering method as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 5, and has a crystal structure. It turns out that it is a different new substance. Since the R factor indicating the reliability of the crystal structure analysis here was 2.13%, it can be judged that the result of this crystal structure analysis is appropriate.
- Example 4 In Example 4, the point at which the sample containing niobium was formed and the mixing ratio of the raw materials are different from those in Example 1. (Mixing of Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 raw materials) First, lithium carbonate Li 2 CO 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 28.3052 g, gallium oxide Ga 2 O 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 3.4192 g, and lanthanum oxide La 2 O 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 44.5737 g, zirconium oxide ZrO 2 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 19.6677 g, and tantalum pentoxide Ta 2 O 5 (rare metallic, purity) 99.99%) 2.5190 g and 1.5152 g of niobium oxide Nb 2 O 5 (rare metallic, 99.99% pure) are placed in a Menou dairy pot and mixed uniformly by a wet method using ethanol.
- the lanthanum oxide was preliminarily fired at 900 ° C.
- the molar ratio of the metals contained in these mixtures, Li: Ga: La: Zr: Ta, is the stoichiometry of the target Li 6 Ga 0.25 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 .
- Lithium was 1.4 times the target composition and gallium was 1.6 times the target composition. That is, the chemical composition of the metal contained in the mixture was Li 8.4 Ga 0.4 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 .
- FIG. 10 is an external photograph of sample 4. As shown in FIG. 10, the length of the sample 10 is about 5 cm.
- FIG. 11 is an image showing the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the sample 4, and the diffraction point D peculiar to the single crystal structure can be clearly confirmed from this image.
- FIG. 12 schematically shows the structure of the sample 4.
- a cubic garnet-type structure Li 7-3x-wv Ga x La 3 produced by sintering a polycrystal of a raw material of a lithium composite oxide.
- Zr 2-w-v Ta W Nb v O 12 has a spatial group belonging to Ia-3d, similar to the related compound Li 7-3x-y Ga x La 3 Zr 2-y Tay O 12 . It is conceivable (eg, Non-Patent Document 5).
- the sample 4 obtained by the melting method has a distinctly different space group from that produced by the sintering method as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 5, and has a crystal structure. It turns out that it is a different new substance. Since the R factor indicating the reliability of the crystal structure analysis here was 1.88%, it can be judged that the result of this crystal structure analysis is appropriate.
- Example 5 is different from Example 1 in that a sample containing niobium is formed, a mixing ratio of raw materials, and crystals are grown using the Cz method.
- Li 6.125 Ga 0.125 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.25 Nb 0.25 O 12 Raw material mixture First, lithium carbonate Li 2 CO 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 28.8647 g, gallium oxide Ga 2 O 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 1.7078 g, and lanthanum oxide La 2 O 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 44.5271 g, zirconium oxide ZrO 2 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 16.8408 g, and tantalum pentoxide Ta 2 O 5 (rare metallic, purity) 99.99%) 5.0327 g and niobium oxide Nb 2 O 5 (rare metallic, 99.99% pure) 3.0273 g are placed in a Menou dairy pot and mixed uniformly by a wet method using ethanol.
- the lanthanum oxide was preliminarily fired at 900 ° C.
- the molar ratio of the metals contained in these mixtures, Li: Ga: La: Zr: Ta is the stoichiometric ratio of the target Li 6.125 Ga 0.125 La 3 ZrTa 0.25 Nb 0.25 O 12 .
- lithium was set to 1.4 times the target composition
- gallium was set to 1.6 times the target composition. That is, the chemical composition of the metal contained in the mixture was Li 8.575 Ga 0.2 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.25 Nb 0.25 O 12 .
- the sintered rod-shaped molded body is cut into an appropriate size, filled in an iridium crucible having an outer diameter of 30 mm, an inner diameter of 28 mm, and a depth of 30 mm, and then subjected to high frequency.
- An iridium crucible was installed in the center of the high-frequency induction heating coil of a single crystal pulling furnace (Cz furnace) (Technosearch, TCH-3 type) equipped with an induction heating coil.
- the sintered compact in the iridium crucible was heated until it melted.
- the iridium rod as the second base material which was previously installed in the upper part of the Cz furnace in the melt, is immersed in the melt, the melt is adhered to the iridium rod, and then the rotation speed is 5 rpm and the plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. That is, it is rotated about the longitudinal direction of the iridium rod, and the iridium rod to which the melt is attached is raised to the outside of the crucible at a moving speed of 8 mm / h in a direction away from the melt in the crucible, resulting in high density. Crystals of Li 6.125 Ga 0.125 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.25 Nb 0.25 O 12 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "Sample 5”) were grown.
- FIG. 13 is an external photograph of the sample 5. As shown in FIG. 13, the diameter of the sample 5 is about 20 mm and the length is about 20 mm.
- FIG. 14 is an image showing the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the sample 5, and the diffraction point D peculiar to the single crystal structure can be clearly confirmed from this image.
- FIG. 15 schematically shows the structure of the sample 5.
- a cubic garnet-type structure Li 7-3x-wv Ga x La 3 produced by sintering a polycrystal of a raw material of a lithium composite oxide.
- Zr 2-w-v Ta W Nb v O 12 has a spatial group belonging to Ia-3d, similar to the related compound Li 7-3x-y Ga x La 3 Zr 2-y Tay O 12 . It is conceivable (eg, Non-Patent Document 5).
- the sample 5 obtained by the melting method has a distinctly different space group from that produced by the sintering method as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 5, and has a crystal structure. It turns out that it is a different new substance. Since the R factor indicating the reliability of the crystal structure analysis here was 1.62%, it can be judged that the result of this crystal structure analysis is appropriate.
- Example 6 the mixing ratio of the raw materials is different from that in Example 1. (Li 5.55 Ga 0.4 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 Raw material mixture) First, lithium carbonate Li 2 CO 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 26.2010 g, gallium oxide Ga 2 O 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 5.4746 g, and lanthanum oxide La 2 O 3 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 44.6055 g, zirconium oxide ZrO 2 (rare metallic, purity 99.99%) 19.6817 g, and tantalum pentoxide Ta 2 O 5 (rare metallic, purity) 99.99%) 2.5208 g and 1.5163 g of niobium oxide Nb 2 O 5 (rare metallic, 99.99% pure) are placed in a Menou dairy pot and mixed uniformly by a wet method using ethanol.
- the lanthanum oxide was preliminarily fired at 900 ° C.
- the molar ratio of the metals contained in these mixtures is Li: Ga: La: Zr: Ta, which is the target product, Li 5.55 Ga 0.4 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 .
- Lithium was 1.4 times the target composition and gallium was 1.6 times the target composition with respect to the chemical quantitative ratio. That is, the chemical composition of the metal contained in the mixture was Li 7.77 Ga 0.64 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.125 Nb 0.125 O 12 .
- an alumina crucible with a lid (manufactured by Nikkato, C3 type) was filled with 100 g of this mixture. Then, this was put into a box type electric furnace (manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., FP100 type) and calcined at 850 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a powder. Then, the obtained powder was pulverized. More specifically, 100 g of powder, 300 g of zirconia balls having a diameter of 5 mm, and 50 g of isopropanol are filled in a zirconia crushing container having a capacity of 250 mL, and a planetary ball mill (Fritsch, Germany, model P-6) is used. , It was pulverized by rotating it at a revolution speed of 200 rpm for a total of 300 minutes. The pulverized powder was dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours and classified using a sieve having a 250 ⁇ m opening.
- FIG. 16 is an external photograph of sample 6. As shown in FIG. 16, the diameter of the sample 6 is about 9 mm, and the length is about 45 mm.
- FIG. 17 is an image showing the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the sample 6, and the diffraction point D peculiar to the single crystal structure can be clearly confirmed from this image.
- FIG. 18 schematically shows the structure of the sample 6.
- a cubic garnet-type structure Li 7-3x-wv Ga x La 3 produced by sintering a polycrystal of a raw material of a lithium composite oxide.
- Zr 2-w-v Ta W Nb v O 12 has a spatial group belonging to Ia-3d, similar to the related compound Li 7-3x-y Ga x La 3 Zr 2-y Tay O 12 . It is conceivable (eg, Non-Patent Document 5).
- the sample 4 obtained by the melting method has a distinctly different space group from that produced by the sintering method as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 5, and has a crystal structure. It turns out that it is a different new substance. Since the R factor indicating the reliability of the crystal structure analysis here was 2.92%, it can be judged that the result of this crystal structure analysis is appropriate.
- Example 7 The lithium composite oxide single crystal prepared by the same method as in Example 1 was pulverized and calcined by the following procedure to prepare a lithium composite oxide polycrystal.
- the lithium composite oxide single crystal was roughly crushed in a Menou mortar and then crushed by grinding until it became a powder to form a polycrystalline powder of the lithium composite oxide.
- about 0.4 g of the powder was filled in a tablet molding machine having a diameter of about 10 mm, and then pressed by a hydraulic press at about 60 MPa to obtain a molded product.
- the molded product was placed in a platinum crucible and fired at 1150 ° C. for 4 hours using a box-type electric furnace (manufactured by Denken, model number KDF009).
- FIG. 19 is an external photograph of the lithium composite oxide polycrystal obtained by the firing.
- the lithium composite oxide polycrystal produced in Example 7 had a diameter of about 10 mm and a thickness of about 1.5 mm.
- the single crystal before crushing (the same lithium composite oxide single crystal as in Example 1) used for producing the lithium composite oxide polycrystal of Example 7 has a garnet-type structure belonging to the space group I-43d, and is crushed. As shown in FIG. 5, the latter polycrystal has a garnet-type structure and a powder X-ray diffraction pattern can be obtained. Therefore, the polycrystal sintered body produced in this example is also a sintered body having a similar crystal structure. .. As described above, a polycrystal sintered body can be produced by crushing a single crystal to produce a polycrystal, molding it with a tablet molding machine, and then sintering it.
- High-density Li 7-3x-w-v Ga x La 3 Zr 2-w-v Ta W Nb v O 12 of the present invention (0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ W ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, 0.05 ⁇ W + V ⁇ 1.0)
- the crystals can be used as a solid electrolyte material for an all-solid lithium-ion secondary battery.
- Evaluation device 11 Battery evaluation cell 11A ... Evaluation cell body 11B ... Evaluation cell lid 12 ... Support means 12A ... Base 12B ... Spring 12C ... Spring guide 13 ... Silicon rubber O-ring 14 ... Fluororesin O-ring 15 ... Metallic lithium plate 1, 2 ... Sample 2 ... Sample B ... Base material D ... Diffraction point
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2020年11月17日に、日本に出願された特願2020-191100号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本発明の一実施形態に係る固体電解質材料は、化学組成がLi7-3x-w-vGaxLa3Zr2-w-vTaWNbvO12(0.02≦x<0.5、0≦W≦1.0、0≦V≦1.0、0.05≦W+V≦1.0)で表されるリチウム複合酸化物単結晶、リチウム複合酸化物多結晶のうち、少なくとも一方を含む。ここで、固体電解質材料は、リチウム複合酸化物材料の一種である。リチウム複合酸化物材料の用途は、全固体電池の固体電解質としての用途に限定されず、種々の用途に適用できる。
本実施形態の固体電解質材料の製造方法は、主に、固体電解質材料の原料の溶融部を形成する工程(溶融部形成工程)と、その溶融部を移動させる工程(溶融部移動工程)とを有する。
溶融部の形成と移動は、製造する結晶の大きさ、形状等に応じて、フローティングゾーン(Floating Zone:FZ)法、チョクラルスキー(Czochralski:Cz)法、ブリッジマン法、ペデスタル法等の溶融法うち、いずれかを用いて行う。
FZ法を用いて固体電解質材料を製造する場合、具体的な例としては、次の手順で進められる。はじめに、高温でリチウムが揮発することを考慮して、リチウム化合物、ガリウム化合物、ランタン化合物、ジルコニウム化合物、タンタル化合物、ニオブ化合物を秤量する。この秤量は、最終形態の固体電解質材料において、Li:Ga:La:Zr:Ta:Nbが(7-3x-w-v)y:xz:3:2-w-v:w:v(0.02≦x<0.5、0≦W≦1.0、0≦V≦1.0、0.05≦W+V≦1.0、1.1≦y≦1.5、1.5≦z≦3.5)のモル比となるように行う。
Cz法を用いて固体電解質材料を製造する場合、具体的な例としては、次の手順で進められる。はじめに、FZ法と同様の手順で、第一基材と同じ原料を、坩堝内で溶融させ、原料の融液を形成する(融液形成工程)。
本発明のリチウム複合酸化物単結晶を、次の手順で製造した。
まず、炭酸リチウムLi2CO3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)28.024gと、酸化ガリウムGa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)3.385gと、酸化ランタンLa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)44.131gと、酸化ジルコニウムZrO2(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)19.472gと、酸化タンタルTa2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)4.988gとを、メノウ製乳鉢に入れて、エタノールを使用した湿式法によって均一に混合した。なお、酸化ランタンについては、あらかじめ900℃で仮焼成したものとした。これらの混合物に含まれる金属のモル比Li:Ga:La:Zr:Taは、目的物であるLi6Ga0.25La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12の化学量論比に対し、リチウムを目的組成の1.4倍量とし、ガリウムを目的組成の1.6倍量とした。すなわち、混合物に含まれる金属の化学組成をLi8.4Ga0.4La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12とした。
上記工程でふるいを通過した第三粉末(原料)を用いて、以下の手順で棒形状の成形体(第一基材)を作製した。まず、円柱形状をしたゴム製の型に、第三粉末約34gを充填して脱気した。次に、この型を密閉した状態で水中に入れて、水の圧力を40MPaとした状態で5分間維持した。そして、水の圧力を下げた後、成形体(第一成形体)を型から取り出した。第一成形体は円柱形状であり、その底面の直径が約1.0cm、高さが約12.0cmであった。次に、箱型電気炉(デンケン製、型番KDF009)を用いて、第一円柱状の成形体を、1150℃で4時間焼成した。焼成後の成形体である第二成形体(第一基材)は、底面の直径が約0.9cm、高さが約11cmの棒形状であった。
まず、1kWのハロゲンランプを装備した四楕円型赤外線集光加熱炉(FZ炉)(Crystal System社製、FZ-T-10000H型)の内部に、上記工程で得られた棒形状の第二成形体を設置して、内部空間を乾燥空気雰囲気にした。次に、棒形状の第二成形体を長手方向と垂直な面で、すなわち第二成形体が延在する方向を軸として、回転速度40rpmで回転させながら、第二成形体の延在方向の周りの出力24.4%で加熱した。しばらくすると、多結晶試料である第二成形体(第一基材)の一部が溶融して溶融部を形成した。そして、第一基材への加熱を維持しながら、棒形状の第二成形体の設置台を10mm/hの移動速度で、長手方向に沿って下降させて、高密度のLi6Ga0.25La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12の結晶(以下「試料1」ということがある)を育成した。
二次元IP検出器を有する単結晶X線回折装置(リガク社製、R-AXIS RAPID-II)を用いて、試料1の構造を調べた。図2は、試料1において、得られたX線回折パターンを示す画像であり、この画像から、単結晶構造に特有の回折点Dをはっきりと確認することができる。
(全固体リチウムイオン二次電池の作成)
実施例1で得た試料1を、固体電解質材料として備えた全固体リチウムイオン二次電池を、次の手順で製造した。
実施例3は、タンタルを含まず、ニオブを含む試料を形成した点、および原料の混合比が実施例1と異なる。
(Li6Ga0.25La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12原料の混合)
まず、炭酸リチウムLi2CO3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)28.5922gと、酸化ガリウムGa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)3.4539gと、酸化ランタンLa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)45.0257gと、酸化ジルコニウムZrO2(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)19.8671gと、酸化ニオブNb2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)3.0612gとを、メノウ製乳鉢に入れて、エタノールを使用した湿式法によって均一に混合した。なお、酸化ランタンについては、あらかじめ900℃で仮焼成したものとした。これらの混合物に含まれる金属のモル比Li:Ga:La:Zr:Taは、目的物であるLi6Ga0.25La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12の化学量論比に対し、リチウムを目的組成の1.4倍量とし、ガリウムを目的組成の1.6倍量とした。すなわち、混合物に含まれる金属の化学組成をLi8.4Ga0.4La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12とした。
育成した試料3の化学組成を、実施例1と同様の方法で分析した。分析の結果、ICP-AESの化学組成は、Li:Ga:La:Zr:Nb=6.0:0.25:3.0:1.75:0.25であった。図7は試料3の外観写真である。図7に示すように、試料3の長さは約7cmとなっている。
実施例1と同様の方法で、試料3の構造を調べた。図8は、試料3において、得られたX線回折パターンを示す画像であり、この画像から、単結晶構造に特有の回折点Dをはっきりと確認することができる。
実施例4は、ニオブを含む試料を形成した点、および原料の混合比が実施例1と異なる。
(Li6Ga0.25La3Zr1.75Ta0.125Nb0.125O12原料の混合)
まず、炭酸リチウムLi2CO3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)28.3052gと、酸化ガリウムGa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)3.4192gと、酸化ランタンLa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)44.5737gと、酸化ジルコニウムZrO2(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)19.6677gと、酸化タンタルTa2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)2.5190gと、酸化ニオブNb2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)1.5152gとを、メノウ製乳鉢に入れて、エタノールを使用した湿式法によって均一に混合した。なお、酸化ランタンについては、あらかじめ900℃で仮焼成したものとした。これらの混合物に含まれる金属のモル比Li:Ga:La:Zr:Taは、目的物であるLi6Ga0.25La3Zr1.75Ta0.125Nb0.125O12の化学量論比に対し、リチウムを目的組成の1.4倍量とし、ガリウムを目的組成の1.6倍量とした。すなわち、混合物に含まれる金属の化学組成をLi8.4Ga0.4La3Zr1.75Ta0.125Nb0.125O12とした。
実施例1と同様の方法で、試料4の構造を調べた。図11は、試料4において、得られたX線回折パターンを示す画像であり、この画像から、単結晶構造に特有の回折点Dをはっきりと確認することができる。
実施例5は、ニオブを含む試料を形成した点、原料の混合比、およびCz法を用いて結晶を育成した点が実施例1と異なる。
(Li6.125Ga0.125La3Zr1.5Ta0.25Nb0.25O12原料の混合)
まず、炭酸リチウムLi2CO3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)28.8647gと、酸化ガリウムGa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)1.7078gと、酸化ランタンLa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)44.5271gと、酸化ジルコニウムZrO2(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)16.8408gと、酸化タンタルTa2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)5.0327gと、酸化ニオブNb2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)3.0273gとを、メノウ製乳鉢に入れて、エタノールを使用した湿式法によって均一に混合した。なお、酸化ランタンについては、あらかじめ900℃で仮焼成したものとした。これらの混合物に含まれる金属のモル比Li:Ga:La:Zr:Taは、目的物であるLi6.125Ga0.125La3ZrTa0.25Nb0.25O12の化学量論比に対し、リチウムを目的組成の1.4倍量とし、ガリウムを目的組成の1.6倍量とした。すなわち、混合物に含まれる金属の化学組成をLi8.575Ga0.2La3Zr1.5Ta0.25Nb0.25O12とした。
焼結により棒形状の成形体を作製後、まず、焼結後の棒形状の成形体を適当なサイズに切断して、外径30mm、内径28mm、深さ30mmのイリジウムるつぼに充填後、高周波誘導加熱コイルを装備した単結晶引き上げ炉(Cz炉)(テクノサーチ社製、TCH-3型)の高周波誘導加熱コイル部中央に、イリジウムるつぼを設置した。次に、イリジウムるつぼ内の焼結後の成形体が溶融するまで加熱した。そして、融液にあらかじめCz炉上部に設置した、第二基材としてのイリジウムロッドを融液に浸漬し、イリジウムロッドに融液を付着させた後、回転速度5rpmで長手方向と垂直な面で、すなわちイリジウムロッドの長手方向を軸として、回転させ、融液が付着したイリジウムロッドを8mm/hの移動速度で、坩堝内の融液から離れる方向に、坩堝外へ上昇させて、高密度のLi6.125Ga0.125La3Zr1.5Ta0.25Nb0.25O12の結晶(以下「試料5」ということがある)を育成した。
実施例1と同様の方法で、試料5の構造を調べた。図14は、試料5において、得られたX線回折パターンを示す画像であり、この画像から、単結晶構造に特有の回折点Dをはっきりと確認することができる。
実施例6は、原料の混合比が実施例1と異なる。
(Li5.55Ga0.4La3Zr1.75Ta0.125Nb0.125O12原料の混合)
まず、炭酸リチウムLi2CO3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)26.2010gと、酸化ガリウムGa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)5.4746gと、酸化ランタンLa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)44.6055gと、酸化ジルコニウムZrO2(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)19.6817gと、酸化タンタルTa2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)2.5208gと、酸化ニオブNb2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)1.5163gとを、メノウ製乳鉢に入れて、エタノールを使用した湿式法によって均一に混合した。なお、酸化ランタンについては、あらかじめ900℃で仮焼成したものとした。これらの混合物に含まれる金属のモル比Li:Ga:La:Zr:Taは、目的物であるLi5.55Ga0.4La3Zr1.75Ta0.125Nb0.125O12の化学量論比に対し、リチウムを目的組成の1.4倍量とし、ガリウムを目的組成の1.6倍量とした。すなわち、混合物に含まれる金属の化学組成をLi7.77Ga0.64La3Zr1.75Ta0.125Nb0.125O12とした。
実施例1と同様の方法で、試料6の構造を調べた。図17は、試料6において、得られたX線回折パターンを示す画像であり、この画像から、単結晶構造に特有の回折点Dをはっきりと確認することができる。
上記実施例1と同様の方法で作製したリチウム複合酸化物単結晶を次の手順で、粉砕および焼成し、リチウム複合酸化物多結晶を作製した。
このように、単結晶を破砕して多結晶を作製した後、錠剤成形器で成形後、焼結させることで、多結晶焼結体を作製可能である。
11・・・電池評価用セル
11A・・・評価セルボディ
11B・・・評価セル蓋
12・・・支持手段
12A・・・土台
12B・・・バネ
12C・・・バネ用ガイド
13・・・シリコンゴム製Oリング
14・・・フッ素樹脂製Oリング
15・・・金属リチウム板
1、2・・・試料
2・・・試料
B・・・基材
D・・・回折点
Claims (17)
- 化学組成がLi7-3x―w-vGaxLa3Zr2-w―vTaWNbvO12(0.02≦x<0.5、0≦W≦1.0、0≦V≦1.0、0.05≦W+V≦1.0)で表され、
立方晶系で空間群I-43dに属し、ガーネット型構造を有する、リチウム複合酸化物単結晶。 - 化学組成がLi7-3x―w-vGaxLa3Zr2-w―vTaWNbvO12(0.02≦x<0.5、0≦W≦1.0、0≦V≦1.0、0.05≦W+V≦1.0)で表され、
立方晶系で空間群I-43dに属し、ガーネット型構造を有する単結晶からなる、リチウム複合酸化物多結晶。 - 相対密度が90%以上である、請求項2に記載のリチウム複合酸化物多結晶。
- 相対密度が95%以上である、請求項2または3のいずれかに記載のリチウム複合酸化物多結晶。
- 請求項1に記載のリチウム複合酸化物単結晶、または、請求項2~4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム複合酸化物多結晶を含む、リチウム複合酸化物材料。
- 請求項1に記載のリチウム複合酸化物単結晶、または、請求項2~4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム複合酸化物多結晶を含む、固体電解質材料。
- リチウムイオン伝導率が1.0×10-3S/cm以上である、請求項6に記載の固体電解質材料。
- 正極と、負極と、請求項6または7のいずれかに記載の固体電解質材料と、を備えていることを特徴とする全固体リチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項6または7のいずれかに記載の固体電解質材料を製造する、固体電解質材料の製造方法であって、
化学組成がLi(7-3x-W)yGaxzLa3Zr2-WTaWNbvO12(0.02≦x<0.5、1.1≦y≦1.4、1.6≦z≦3.3、0≦W≦1.0、0≦V≦1.0、0.05≦W+V≦1.0、1.1≦y≦1.5、1.5≦z≦3.5)で表される原料を含む、棒状の基材のうち、少なくとも一部を溶融して溶融部を形成する溶融部形成工程と、
前記溶融部を平均速度8mm/h以上で移動させる溶融部移動工程と、を有することを特徴とする固体電解質材料の製造方法。 - 前記平均速度を8mm/h以上19mm/h以下とすることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の固体電解質材料の製造方法。
- 前記溶融部形成工程において、前記基材を、長手方向と垂直な面で、前記溶融部とともに回転速度30rpm以上で回転させることを特徴とする請求項9または10のいずれかに記載の固体電解質材料の製造方法。
- 前記固体電解質の種結晶を前記溶融部に取り付けた状態で、前記溶融部移動工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質材料の製造方法。
- 前記溶融部移動工程において、前記基材の長手方向と垂直な面で、前記溶融部を、回転速度2rpm以上8rpm以下で回転させることを特徴とする請求項9~12のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質材料の製造方法。
- 請求項6または7のいずれかに記載の固体電解質材料を製造する固体電解質材料の製造方法であって、
化学組成がLi(7-3x-W)yGaxzLa3Zr2-WTaWNbvO12(0.02≦x<0.5、1.1≦y≦1.4、1.6≦z≦3.3、0≦W≦1.0、0≦V≦1.0、0.05≦W+V≦1.0、1.1≦y≦1.5、1.5≦z≦3.5)で表される原料を、坩堝内で溶融させ、前記原料の融液を形成する融液形成工程と、
前記坩堝内の前記融液に基材を浸漬し、前記基材に前記融液を付着させる融液付着工程と、
前記基材とともに、前記基材に付着した前記融液を、平均速度8mm/h以上で前記坩堝外に移動させる融液移動工程と、を有することを特徴とする固体電解質材料の製造方法。 - 前記平均速度を8mm/h以上19mm/h以下とすることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の固体電解質材料の製造方法。
- 前記固体電解質の種結晶を前記基材に取り付けた状態で、前記融液移動工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項14または15のいずれかに記載の固体電解質材料の製造方法。
- 前記融液部移動工程において、棒状の前記基材を長手方向と垂直な面で、前記融液に対して、回転速度2rpm以上8rpm以下で回転させることを特徴とする請求項14~16のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質材料の製造方法。
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