WO2022106790A1 - Aliment pour ameliorer le rendement d'un elevage de decapodes - Google Patents
Aliment pour ameliorer le rendement d'un elevage de decapodes Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
- A61K35/63—Arthropods
- A61K35/64—Insects, e.g. bees, wasps or fleas
Definitions
- TITLE FEED TO IMPROVE THE YIELD OF A DECAPODS FARM
- the invention relates to the field of aquaculture. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of a food comprising Hermetic/illucens flour to improve the yield in aquaculture of a decapod farm, in particular of shrimps.
- Decapods are crustaceans appreciated for the taste qualities of their flesh, in particular that of shrimp, langoustine, crayfish, lobster, lobster and crab.
- Industrial farming methods are developing. The performance objectives must take into account the ecological footprint of these methods, and in particular the availability of food resources.
- the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is the most produced shrimp species in the world, with production volumes exceeding 4.1 million metric tonnes in 2016 (FAO 2018).
- insects such as the grasshopper, grasshopper, termite, mealworm, Asian rhinoceros beetle, giant mealworm, domesticated silkworm, house fly, common mosquito and black soldier fly have been studied for the production of insect-based ingredients (Henry et al. 2015).
- the black soldier fly (Hermetic/ illucens) is a very promising species for the production of aquaculture feed, because mass rearing techniques for the industrial production of high quality insect meal at from this species are much more advanced in their development process.
- insects of the order Diptera including the black soldier fly (Hermetic/illucens), shows a greater level of similarity to fishmeal than soybean meal, but also other insects (Orthoptera and Coleoptera) (Barroso et al. 2014). Insect meal from the black soldier fly also has a high protein content (50–70%), and protein has been shown to be highly digestible.
- Chitin in insect meal has also been shown to modulate the immune system of shrimp and fish, which may have health benefits and disease resistance (Mousavi et al 2020, Gasco et al 2018 ).
- compositions comprising HI flour obtained by alcoholic extraction, combined with soy flour.
- the inclusion rate of HI flour is between 7% and 36%. No significant difference in terms of growth performance or survival was observed in shrimp fed the diet with HL meal.
- the article by Mastoraki et al. (2019) report a comparative study of two diets comprising insect meal, in particular HI, combined with either vegetable meal or fish meal. In these trials, the inclusion rate of HI flour is 7.8%. This study shows an improvement in the growth performance of shrimp fed with the formulations containing HI insect meal or Musca domestica and fish meal compared to a diet containing Tenebrio molitor meal.
- Shrimp farms are also affected by pathogens such as the bacterium Vibrio responsible for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS) and the virus responsible for white spot syndrome (WSSV).
- AHPNS acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome
- WSSV white spot syndrome
- HI flour can improve resistance to bacterial infections.
- Document CN110754586 describes a protein-rich food for feeding shrimp, comprising a fermentation raw material containing soybean meal as the main component to which a fermentation agent is added in order to obtain a fermented vegetable protein food. Said protein feed is then mixed with Atlantic sturgeon worm mash to obtain organic shrimp feed. This document shows that the food comprising HI meal contains antibacterial peptides absent from fish meal.
- HI larvae flour is of particular and specific interest for improving the yield of decapod rearing in aquaculture, in particular by improving resistance to viral infections.
- the present invention relates to the use of a food for decapods comprising from 1% to 25% by weight of HI larva flour, to improve resistance to viral infections.
- the aim of the invention is to propose an improved food intended for decapods.
- This food comprises HI flour, which is reported for the first time to have particularly advantageous properties for decapods, in particular for shrimp.
- HI flour in a food intended for the feeding of decapods makes it possible to significantly improve the yield of the breeding. This improvement is observed on several key parameters in aquaculture.
- this food makes it possible to increase the weight gain and the growth rate of the decapod and this in a linear way up to a rate of incorporation of the flour of Hermetia illucens of approximately 15%. , and globally over a range from 1% to 25% by weight relative to a control diet without insect meal.
- An improvement in the speed of growth implies that the decapods reach a given weight in a reduced time, which translates into a reduction in the fixed costs of production.
- This feed also makes it possible to improve the feed conversion rate in proportion to the rate of incorporation of the Hermetia illucens flour.
- This parameter is economically essential to control the cost of production in aquaculture, since thanks to this food, the decapods reach the same weight thanks to a lower quantity of food.
- this food makes it possible to increase resistance to infections during breeding. This results in a lower mortality rate.
- the use of this food makes it possible to increase resistance to viral infections, in particular with respect to the virus responsible for the white spot syndrome which is very widespread in shrimps, but more generally present in decapods.
- the use of this food also increases resistance to infections bacteria, in particular against the bacterium Vibrio responsible for the syndrome of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis.
- a first object of the invention relates to the use of a food for decapods comprising between 1% and 25% by weight of flour from Hermetic/illucens larvae to improve resistance to viral infections.
- This food therefore improves the performance of livestock.
- improved yield is meant higher production, ie higher weight gain and higher growth rate, but also more profitable production due to an improved feed conversion rate.
- yield also covers the fact that the food provides better resistance to infection; by minimizing on-farm mortality, overall production is improved.
- the inventors have found that the inclusion of HI flour in a food for decapods significantly improves the nutritional properties of this food, that is to say that the decapods show a faster and higher weight gain than in the absence of HI flour.
- the HI flour is obtained via a mechanical preparation process, without chemical treatment, without extraction in a solvent.
- a mechanical process can be a mechanical extraction of the solid part of the previously ground and heated larvae, followed by drying and grinding of this solid part to obtain flour.
- the main advantage of the HI flour obtained by mechanical preparation is that it has not been transformed by a chemical treatment step, such as for example an enzymolysis step.
- the components of HI flour are maintained in their original form, thus allowing a greater concentration of these components and an undenatured HI flour.
- the food comprises between 3% and 25% HI flour, even more preferably between 5% and 25%, or even between 10% and 25%.
- the food comprises between 10% and 20% HI flour.
- the food generally includes a protein supply complementary to that of the HL flour. This is provided by animal flour, vegetable flour or a mixture of the two.
- the vegetable flour can be chosen from wheat flour, soya flour, or any other appropriate flour, alone or in a mixture.
- the animal meal can be chosen from fish meal, poultry meal or any other suitable flour, alone or in a mixture.
- HI flour can therefore be added to an existing formulation to improve its performance, or can partially or totally replace one of the components of a decapod food.
- the use of a feed according to the invention improves the weight gain and the growth rate of the decapods.
- the weight gain can thus be doubled as illustrated in Example 1.
- the use of a food according to the invention improves the resistance to infections of the decapod.
- this food improves resistance to viral infections.
- viruses White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) - dsDNA, Hepatopancreatic Parvovirus (HPV) - ssDNA, Monodont Baculovirus (MBV) - dsDNA
- the food comprises at least 4.5% HL flour
- This food also improves resistance to bacterial infections.
- the shrimps fed with the food according to the invention also resist better to bacterial infections such as: • Vibriosis caused by: Vibrio's such as V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. penaecida, V. nigripulcritudo, and V. vulnificus
- Necrotic hepatopancreatitis caused by: gram-negative bacterial species, intracytoplasmic alphaproteobacterium (species not yet determined)
- the food preferably comprises at least 10% HL flour
- the term "decapod” covers shrimp, langoustine, crayfish, lobster, lobster and crab.
- the decapod is a shrimp.
- the shrimp may be chosen from the following species: Litopenaeus vannamei, Litopenaeus stylirostris and Penaeus monodon.
- FIG. l Figure 1: Graphical representation of the average weight gain (%) of the shrimps according to the rate of incorporation of the flour of Hermetia illucens.
- the horizontal line materializes the observation of a weight gain compared to the control food.
- the oblique line materializes the positive trend observed in terms of weight gain.
- the values associated with the same letter do not show any significant difference between them (Fisher test, p > 0.05).
- FIG.2 Graphical representation of the average weight gain (g) of shrimp as a function of the food ingested.
- CTRL corresponds to the control diet not comprising Hermetia illucens flour, while A, B and C correspond to diets comprising respectively 4.5%, 7.5% and 10.5% HI flour.
- the values associated with the same letter do not show any significant difference between them (Fisher test, p > 0.05).
- FIG.3 Graphic representation of the cumulative mortality of shrimp subjected to WSSV infection as a function of the food ingested. “Mock” corresponds to the negative control group for the disease, and “CTRL” to the positive control group for the disease. The shrimp in these groups were fed the Hermetic/illucens flourless control diet. A, B and C correspond to foods comprising respectively 4.5%, 7.5% and 10.5% HI flour
- FIG.4 Graphic representation of the cumulative mortality of shrimp subjected to AHPNS infection as a function of the food ingested. “Mock” corresponds to the negative control group for the disease, and “CTRL” to the positive control group for the disease. The shrimp in these groups were fed the Hermetic/illucens flourless control diet. A, B and C correspond to foods comprising respectively 4.5%, 7.5% and 10.5% HI flour
- EXAMPLE 1 Improvement of the yield of a shrimp farm L stylirostris by providing a feed enriched with Hermetia illucens flour
- the transfer was carried out 7 days before the start of the study in order to acclimatize the animals to the experimental conditions. During this period, an individual weighing of the animals and their marking were carried out in order to establish the initial individual weights and allow their identification. throughout the rearing period. On the day of tagging, the density was reduced to 6 individuals/tank.
- Control plan The temperature (°C) was monitored daily (07:30 and 16:00). Siphoning of remains, purging and counting of the number of shrimp per tank (survival monitoring) were also carried out 5 times a week (excluding weekends and public holidays). Where appropriate, observations were recorded regarding moulting periods, animal behavior or any other parameter of interest.
- the flour is obtained from H. Illucens larvae which are heated, mechanically separated into 3 phases (mechanical extraction, without the use of solvent), dried and then ground.
- the larvae are slaughtered by immersion in water heated to approximately 70°C.
- the devitalized larvae are crushed then brought to at least 90°C.
- the product thus obtained is mechanically separated into 3 phases: the solid part (cake), a liquid part containing water-soluble nutrients (glue water) and the oil.
- the flour made up of the cake, glue water and antioxidant, is dried.
- the output humidity of the flour is between 5 and 10%.
- the flour is ground.
- the particle size of the flour leaving the grinder is less than 2 mm.
- the composition includes, in addition to animal and vegetable meal, the ingredients conventionally contained in food for decapods, namely: oil, amino acids, vitamins and minerals.
- Table 2 Mean values obtained in weight gain, quantity of food ingested and conversion index accompanied by their standard deviations according to the different experimental foods. The values associated with the same letter do not show any significant difference between them (Fisher test, p > 0.05).
- the conversion index makes it possible to obtain an objective measurement coupling both feed and growth data.
- the CI therefore makes it possible to provide information on the capacity of transformation of the feed into animal biomass.
- the results show that the IC of foods with Hermetia illucens flour tends to be numerically lower than with the control food, which implies that for the same quantity, or even a lower quantity of food ingested, shrimp fed a diet comprising HI meal showed higher weight gain.
- EXAMPLE 2 Improvement of the yield of a Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp farm by providing a feed enriched with Hermetia illucens flour
- the experimental area consists of 12 290L tanks.
- the shrimp larvae were reared in a recirculating water system containing artificial seawater at a salinity of 20 g L 1 .
- a full biological/mechanical filter and regular water changes kept the total ammonia (NH3/ NH 4 + ) content below 0.05 mg Ll and the nitrite (NO2 ) content lower or equal to 0.8 mg L 1 .
- the water temperature was kept constant at 27°C ⁇ 1°C by means of an automatic temperature control system.
- a total of 1200 shrimp with an average body weight of approximately 0.1 g were used to randomly compose 12 groups of 100 individuals. Each group was housed in a feeding unit. Each experimental diet was assigned 3 feeding units. The total weights of the groups were measured at the start of the experiment and at 28 days.
- HI flour was added to the other ingredients (fish flour, vegetable flours, amino acids, vitamins and minerals...) and everything was carefully homogenized.
- a feed binder and water were added.
- the resulting paste was passed through a granulation machine. The temperature during the procedure did not exceed 50°C. 2 kg of each feed were produced.
- Table 4 Mean values obtained in weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate accompanied by their standard deviations according to the different experimental foods. The values associated with the same letter do not show any significant difference between them (Fisher test, p > 0.05).
- the results show a decreasing trend in the feed conversion rate correlated with the increase in the rate of incorporation of HI flour in the diet.
- the feed conversion rate is significantly lower for diets B and C, which correspond to HI flour incorporation rates of 7.5% and 10.5% respectively, than for the CTRL diet. .
- EXAMPLE 3 Improvement of resistance to the virus responsible for the white spot syndrome in a shrimp farm by providing a feed enriched with Hermetia illucens flour
- the experimental rearing conditions used are identical to those described in Example 2.
- the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp used are certified specific pathogen-free (SPF) for the following pathogens: IMNV, EHP, WSSV, TSV, YHV, NHP-B, IHHNV, CMNV, PvNV, MBV, HPV, AHPND/EMS, BP.
- Triplicate groups of shrimp were fed the foods previously described (Example 2) for 28 days. This procedure made it possible to evaluate the effect of these foods on the growth performance of shrimp. Three days before the start of the pathogen resistance test, the shrimp were transferred to 10L infection units filled with artificial seawater (1 shrimp per unit) to allow their acclimatization.
- the WSSV Thai-1 strain (Escobedo-Bonilla et al., 2005) was used in this experiment. A stock of this virus is stored at -70°C. This strain was previously isolated in Thailand from naturally infected Penaeus monodon and passaged once in the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Jiravanichpaisal et al., 2001) as follows. Frozen stock of crayfish gill suspension (certified free of other major shrimp pathogens) was injected into Litopenaeus vannamei without a specific pathogen (SPF) to amplify the virus.
- SPF specific pathogen
- the resulting infected shrimp carcasses were used to prepare a WSSV suspension and immediately frozen. The level of infection was then determined according to the procedure described by Escobedo Bonilla et al. (2005). This inoculum was used to infect shrimp intramuscularly. The resulting infected carcasses were used to prepare the solid inoculum of WSSV, which was used in the oral infection experiment. Uninfected shrimp carcasses subjected to the same procedure but inoculated with a virus-free suspension were used to prepare a blank solid inoculum (Mock).
- Table 5 Mean values obtained for final mortality in the WSSV resistance test accompanied by their standard deviations according to the different experimental foods. The values associated with the same letter do not show any significant difference between them (Fisher test, p > 0.05).
- the experimental protocol implemented is equivalent to that described in Example 3 with the exception of the pathogen which is here a bacterium and which was inoculated by immersion.
- the bacterium used in this experiment is a Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from AHPNS/EMS infected shrimp. More specifically, the AHPND/EMS specific TW01 strain was used in this experiment. This bacterium was isolated from infected shrimp ponds in Thailand. A stock of this bacterium is stored at -70°C. After thawing, the stock was aseptically inoculated into culture medium and cultured under standard conditions. Quantitated suspensions of TW01 were used to inoculate shrimp by immersion.
- Table 6 Mean values obtained for final mortality in the AHPNS resistance test accompanied by their standard deviations according to the different experimental foods. The values associated with the same letter do not show any significant difference between them (Fisher test, p > 0.05).
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WO2018134524A1 (fr) * | 2017-01-18 | 2018-07-26 | Ynsect | Utilisations thérapeutiques d'une poudre d'insectes |
CN110432381A (zh) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-12 | 清远海贝生物技术有限公司 | 一种昆虫源性虾苗专用保健饲料 |
CN110754586A (zh) | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-07 | 博益德(北京)生物科技有限公司 | 一种含黑水虻幼虫粉的虾用生物饲料及其制备方法 |
US20200196631A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | Intrexon Corporation | Animal feed containing black soldier fly larvae |
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WO2018134524A1 (fr) * | 2017-01-18 | 2018-07-26 | Ynsect | Utilisations thérapeutiques d'une poudre d'insectes |
US20200196631A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | Intrexon Corporation | Animal feed containing black soldier fly larvae |
CN110432381A (zh) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-12 | 清远海贝生物技术有限公司 | 一种昆虫源性虾苗专用保健饲料 |
CN110754586A (zh) | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-07 | 博益德(北京)生物科技有限公司 | 一种含黑水虻幼虫粉的虾用生物饲料及其制备方法 |
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AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, vol. 51, no. 9, September 2020 (2020-09-01), ISSN: 1355-557X(print), DOI: 10.1111/ARE.14692 * |
DATABASE BIOSIS [online] BIOSCIENCES INFORMATION SERVICE, PHILADELPHIA, PA, US; September 2020 (2020-09-01), MASTORAKI MARIA ET AL: "The effect of insect meal as a feed ingredient on survival, growth, and metabolic and antioxidant response of juvenile prawn Palaemon adspersus (Rathke, 1837)", XP002803576, Database accession no. PREV202000724766 * |
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CN115005138A (zh) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-06 | 海南省菜篮农业与渔业发展有限公司 | 一种青龙虾露天水泥池的养殖方法 |
CN115005138B (zh) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-04-07 | 海南省菜篮农业与渔业发展有限公司 | 一种青龙虾露天水泥池的养殖方法 |
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