WO2022105209A1 - 一种风冷压气机 - Google Patents

一种风冷压气机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022105209A1
WO2022105209A1 PCT/CN2021/099963 CN2021099963W WO2022105209A1 WO 2022105209 A1 WO2022105209 A1 WO 2022105209A1 CN 2021099963 W CN2021099963 W CN 2021099963W WO 2022105209 A1 WO2022105209 A1 WO 2022105209A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
thrust
cover
blade
casing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/099963
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
靳普
Original Assignee
至玥腾风科技集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2022105209A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022105209A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/056—Bearings
    • F04D29/057—Bearings hydrostatic; hydrodynamic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/30—Vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/5806—Cooling the drive system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5846—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling by injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/668—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps damping or preventing mechanical vibrations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air-cooled compressor and belongs to the technical field of compressors.
  • Industrial gas turbines mainly include three components: compressor, combustion chamber and turbine.
  • the compressor is a component that uses high-speed rotating blades to work on the gas (mostly air) to increase the gas pressure. It compresses the air into high-temperature and high-pressure air, and then supplies fuel to the combustion chamber for combustion, and the generated high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands in the turbine. acting.
  • the compressor is driven by a motor. The rotation of the motor rotor will generate a lot of heat. When the rotor temperature exceeds the service temperature of the permanent magnet material, demagnetization occurs, the motor efficiency will be significantly reduced, the motor life will be affected, and the reliability cannot be effectively guaranteed.
  • a cooling fan is often arranged on the rotor, which increases the number of parts and technological difficulty, and brings about the problems of large volume, high heat generation, and difficulty in heat dissipation.
  • the current compressor generally uses a bearing set composed of multiple radial bearings and thrust bearings, which requires a long enough shaft for installation, which brings the problem of increasing the axial size of the compressor. If this type of compressor is used in micro In equipment such as gas turbine generator sets, the space occupied by the equipment will increase, and the overall weight will be increased, which is not conducive to integrated design; and the processing and assembly errors caused by the arrangement of multiple bearings will increase, making processing and assembly difficult.
  • most of the impellers used in current compressors are semi-open impellers, and there is still room for improvement in how to obtain smaller friction loss and flow resistance, higher efficiency, lightness and high strength.
  • the present invention provides an air-cooled compressor, which can achieve cooling effect without installing an air-cooled fan on the shaft, and has a simple structure and high reliability.
  • An air-cooled compressor comprising a rotor, an impeller and at least one main air passage, wherein a motor (including a stator and a coil) is sleeved on the rotor, and a casing is provided on the outer casing of the motor; the casing is formed around the end of the compressor.
  • a motor including a stator and a coil
  • the impeller is sleeved at the end of the rotor to face the air intake, the main air passage is arranged around the stator, and the outlet at the end of the main air passage is connected to the high-pressure air cavity through the impeller; the impeller is a closed impeller,
  • the specific structure is: including a rear cover, a blade, a sleeve body and a front cover, wherein the rear cover is arranged at the rear end of the sleeve body, and the rear cover and the center of the sleeve body are provided with an integral through hole for sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft; the blade It is arranged around the sleeve and rotates in the same direction, one end of the blade is connected with the outer wall of the sleeve, and the other end is connected with the end face of the rear cover; the front cover is set on the blade, and the stator covers the front cover; the front cover is in the shape of a circular cone;
  • the air inlet surface is
  • the rear cover, the blade and the sleeve body are integrally formed.
  • the outer edge of the blade protrudes from the end face of the rear cover in the axial direction.
  • the blade includes a longer main blade and a shorter splitter blade, and the main blade and the splitter blade are arranged at intervals in sequence.
  • the front cover grooves are divided into main blade grooves and splitter blade grooves, which are respectively set at the ends of the main blades and the splitter blades.
  • leading edge of the front cover protrudes from the leading edge of the blade, or is flatter than the leading edge of the blade, or is shorter than the leading edge of the blade.
  • the front cover is made of carbon fiber composite material.
  • the specific preparation method is:
  • Step A the carbon fiber of the set volume is put into the oil bed, and the carbon fiber is infiltrated with the liquid binder in the oil bed;
  • Step B extracting the fully infiltrated carbon fiber, and extruding it to remove excess glue
  • Step C winding the carbon fiber after extruding the excess glue to form a sponge-like carbon fiber covered with the glue and having a three-dimensional structure;
  • Step D vacuumizing the sponge-like carbon fiber covered with adhesive and having a three-dimensional structure, so that the gas in the three-dimensional structure of the carbon fiber is extracted;
  • Step E injecting the liquid steel base material into the carbon fiber three-dimensional structure through a micro-syringe, and performing micro-vibration on the carbon fiber three-dimensional structure during the injection process, to obtain a composite material of the steel base material and the carbon fiber covered with adhesive;
  • step F the steel-based material and the composite material covered with the adhesive carbon fiber are put into a mold for pressure cooling and molding to obtain a formed steel-based carbon fiber composite front cover connected by chemical bonds.
  • the impeller is set to single-stage or multi-stage; when it is multi-stage, each stage of the impeller is sleeved on the rotor in series, and the air outlet of the upper-stage impeller is connected to the air inlet of the next-stage impeller, and compresses step by step. gas.
  • the casing includes a first casing, a second casing and a third casing
  • the main air passage includes a first air passage or/and a third air passage
  • the stator and the coil cover are provided with a first air passage.
  • a casing, and the stator is fixed with the first casing; the front end and the end of the first casing are respectively provided with a first front end cover and a first rear end cover;
  • the second casing is arranged around the first casing, and the second casing is A second end cover is arranged at the end of the casing;
  • the third casing is arranged at the end of the compressor, and a high-pressure cavity is enclosed between the third casing and the second end cover; the cavity between the first casing and the second casing , the cavity between the first end cover and the second end cover forms the first air passage;
  • the third air passage axially penetrates the stator.
  • the part of the second end cover (equivalent to the stator) facing the impeller blades or the front cover is evenly opened with one or more circles of air holes, which can be decomposed into axial and radial airflow after air intake, and the diameter
  • the direction airflow will make the impeller suspend in the stator and rotate stably, the axial airflow will push the impeller backward, and the stator acts as an air bearing and also plays the role of a radial bearing and a thrust bearing.
  • a radial bearing is sleeved on the rotor, or no radial bearing is provided.
  • the length of the rotating shaft is shortened (the length of the compressor is shortened, and when the compressor is used in equipment such as micro gas turbines, the overall length of the equipment will be reduced, and the integration will be higher), and it is easy to ensure that the shaft
  • the coaxiality of the parts makes the processing easier, the integration is high, and the reliability of the whole machine is high.
  • the radial bearing is selected from a static pressure gas bearing, a dynamic pressure gas bearing or a dynamic and static pressure mixed gas bearing.
  • annular rubber ring dampers are sleeved at both ends of the radial bearing.
  • the rotor may or may not be provided with a thrust bearing, which is specifically determined according to the calculation result of the axial force. If the axial force is too large and difficult to offset, a thrust bearing needs to be provided.
  • the compressor also includes a second air passage; the gap between the stator and the coil and the outer wall of the rotor, the gap between the stator and the coil and the first front end cover, and the gap between the stator and the coil and the first rear end cover
  • a second air passage is formed by the gap between the two air passages, the inlet of the second air passage is arranged on the front end of the first housing or on the first front end cover, and the outlet is arranged on the first rear end cover and is connected with the first air passage or/and The third airway is connected.
  • a thrust bearing is provided at the air inlet end of the rotor, including a first thrust disk and a second thrust disk, the two thrust disks each include a disk part and a sleeve part, and the sleeve parts of the two thrust disks are butted and fixed on the rotor.
  • a thrust groove is formed between the inner end faces of the two thrust discs and the outer part of the sleeve part, and a thrust bearing is arranged in the thrust groove; The body is stuck, and the cover body and the casing are fixedly connected.
  • the thrust bearing is a dynamic and static pressure mixed air bearing;
  • the thrust bearing includes a first thrust part and a second thrust part, the first thrust part and the second thrust part are arranged oppositely, and the inner end face of the second thrust part is opened.
  • the annular air cavity is connected to the external air; the first gap between the inner end surface of the first thrust plate and the outer end surface of the first thrust portion communicates with the annular air cavity through the air hole, and the inner end surface of the second thrust plate and the outer end surface of the second thrust portion are connected to the annular air cavity through the air hole.
  • the second gap communicates with the annular air cavity through the air hole
  • the third gap between the inner ring side wall of the second thrust portion and the side wall of the thrust groove communicates with the annular air cavity through the air hole.
  • the upper air inlet communicates with the annular air cavity.
  • spring dampers or rubber ring dampers are arranged between the outer end surface of the first thrust portion and the cover, and between the outer end surface of the second thrust portion and the housing; or/and, the inner end surface of the first thrust portion
  • a spring damper or a rubber ring damper is arranged between the inner end face of the second thrust portion and the second thrust portion.
  • air grooves are provided on the outer end surfaces of the first thrust portion and the second thrust portion; or/and air grooves are provided on the surfaces of the two thrust discs respectively opposite to the outer end surfaces of the first thrust portion and the second thrust portion.
  • the impeller, the motor and the cooling structure are arranged on the same side, and the structure is compact; the main air passage is arranged around the stator, which further optimizes the structure and does not need to install a single main air inlet pipe. Even mass distribution enhances balance and stability.
  • the main air duct air source can play an air-cooling effect; the external air-cooled air source can further cool the motor and dissipate heat; the multi-path gas can finally be combined into the air intake of the compressor turbine, saving the amount of air intake; no need to add on the shaft. Equipped with an air-cooled fan, the structure is simpler and the reliability is strong.
  • the impeller of the compressor of the invention is a closed impeller, and a detachable front cover is provided.
  • the front cover is in the shape of a truncated truncated ring.
  • the matching groove has small friction loss, small flow resistance and high efficiency during operation; the front cover and the blade are tightly engaged during operation, and the gas flows out from the air outlet through the flow channel at the front of the blade, and the gas leakage is very small.
  • the front cover is made of carbon fiber composite material.
  • the impeller is light in overall weight and has high strength. The blade (metal material) will expand when rotating, while the front cover does not expand. Therefore, with the increase of rotation speed and time, the blade and the front cover will not expand.
  • the occlusion between the grooves of the blades will become tighter and tighter (when the stator is provided as an air bearing, its intake air will also be applied to the front cover to further prevent the separation of the blades and the grooves of the front cover), which is suitable for high-speed rotation conditions.
  • the provision of splitter vanes can not only reduce the blockage of the inlet air flow, but also improve the slip coefficient of the impeller outlet, which not only improves the efficiency of the impeller, but also improves the overall efficiency of the compressor due to the improved flow field at the impeller outlet.
  • the front cover is made of carbon fiber composite material. Through the addition of steel matrix, carbon fiber and adhesive, the formed composite material far exceeds the upper limit of the modulus of conventional steel matrix materials, and the stiffness is greatly increased.
  • the tensile strength, breaking force, and shear strength have also been greatly improved, and their properties are much higher than those of ordinary steel; at the same time, production costs, process thresholds, batch processes, and versatility are all controlled within the metal material system. It generally benefits industries that require high-performance materials.
  • the compressor of the present invention is provided with an oblique thrust structure, and the stator is used as an air bearing and plays the role of a radial bearing and a thrust bearing at the same time (gas is introduced into the gap between the stator and the impeller from the air hole, so that uniform and stable formation is formed in the gap.
  • the air film makes the impeller rotate stably in the stator, thus playing the role of air bearing), which can reduce or even replace the original radial bearing and thrust bearing.
  • the stator is also used as a thrust bearing, if other radial bearings are installed on the rotating shaft, it is equivalent to having multiple radial bearings for support, the overall vibration is small, and the operation is stable.
  • the length of the rotating shaft can be shortened, it is easy to ensure the coaxiality of the parts on the shaft, the processing is easier, the integration is high, and the reliability of the whole machine is high.
  • Both the thrust bearing and the radial bearing of the present invention use air bearings, which can ensure the high-speed and stable operation of the compressor; the provision of air grooves can realize the rapid flow of air in the bearing, which can not only conduct the compressor gas, but also prevent the air from clogging and accumulating. , flexibly select static pressure or dynamic pressure mode according to the air source condition, and use it flexibly.
  • the height of the thrust discs on both sides of the thrust groove is low, the turning amount is small, the consumables are less, the process is relatively simple, the mass distribution is relatively uniform, and the stability of the shaft is better when the shaft is highly rotated.
  • the air-cooled compressor of the present invention can be used in any rotor system or micro gas turbine to provide high-pressure gas, which can solve the technical problems of complex structure, large volume and difficult heat dissipation of the rotor system or micro gas turbine.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the air-cooled compressor of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the closed impeller of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the rear cover, the blade and the sleeve body.
  • FIG. 4 Front view of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 Side view of FIG. 3 .
  • Figure 6 Sectional view at position A-A in Figure 5 .
  • Figure 7 The fabrication flow chart of the front cover.
  • Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of the stator and coil structure.
  • Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the stator structure.
  • Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the thrust bearing.
  • Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the oblique thrust structure with the stator also serving as an air bearing.
  • An air-cooled compressor includes: a rotor 1, a stator 41, a coil 42, a casing, an impeller 2 and at least one main air passage, as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the rotor 1 is sleeved with the stator 41 and The coil 42, the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with the casing.
  • the casing forms a high-pressure cavity at the end of the compressor.
  • the impeller 2 is sleeved at the end of the rotor 1 and faces the intake air.
  • the air passage is arranged around the stator 41 , and the outlet at the end of the main air passage is connected to the high-pressure air chamber through the impeller 2 .
  • the impeller is a closed impeller, and its specific structure includes: a rear cover 201, blades 202, a sleeve body 203 and a front cover 204, as shown in Figures 2-6, wherein the rear cover 201 is arranged at the rear end of the sleeve body 203, and The rear cover 201 and the sleeve body 203 are provided with an integral through hole in the center for being sleeved and fixed on the rotor 1; the blades 202 are arranged around the sleeve body 203 and rotate in the same direction, one end of the blade 202 is connected with the outer wall of the sleeve body 203, and the other end is connected to the outer wall of the sleeve body 203.
  • the front cover 204 is covered on the blade 202; the front cover 204 is in the shape of a truncated cone;
  • the grooves at the ends of the blades 202 match, and the ends of the blades 202 corresponding to the grooves are embedded in the grooves for a tight fit connection;
  • a flow channel 205 is formed between the blades 202, the rear cover 201 and the front cover 204; the tail of the front cover 204 and the rear Air outlets 206 are spaced apart by blades 202 between the covers 201 , and the gas flows out from the air outlets 206 from the front of the blades 202 through the flow channel 205 .
  • the rear cover 201 , the blades 202 and the sleeve body 203 are integrally formed, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 .
  • the outer edge of the blade 202 protrudes from the end surface of the rear cover 201 in the axial direction.
  • the blade 202 includes a longer main blade and a shorter splitter blade, and the main blade and the splitter blade are arranged in sequence at intervals.
  • the grooves of the front cover 204 are divided into main blade grooves and splitter blade grooves, which are respectively provided at the ends of the main blade and the splitter blade.
  • the leading edge of the front cover 204 protrudes from the leading edge of the blade 202 , or is flatter than the leading edge of the blade 202 , or shorter than the leading edge of the blade 202 .
  • the front cover 204 is made of carbon fiber composite material.
  • the specific preparation method (flow process shown in Figure 7) is:
  • Step A the carbon fiber of the set volume is put into the oil bed, and the carbon fiber is infiltrated with the liquid binder in the oil bed;
  • Step B extracting the fully infiltrated carbon fiber, and extruding it to remove excess glue
  • Step C winding the carbon fiber after extruding the excess glue to form a sponge-like carbon fiber covered with the glue and having a three-dimensional structure;
  • Step D vacuumizing the sponge-like carbon fiber covered with adhesive and having a three-dimensional structure, so that the gas in the three-dimensional structure of the carbon fiber is extracted;
  • Step E injecting the liquid steel base material into the carbon fiber three-dimensional structure through a micro-syringe, and performing micro-vibration on the carbon fiber three-dimensional structure during the injection process, to obtain a composite material of the steel base material and the carbon fiber covered with adhesive;
  • step F the steel-based material and the composite material covered with the adhesive carbon fiber are put into a mold for pressure cooling and molding to obtain a formed steel-based carbon fiber composite front cover connected by chemical bonds.
  • the impeller 2, motor 4 (stator 41, coil 42) and cooling structure (main air passage) of the above-mentioned air-cooled compressor are arranged on the same side, and the structure is compact; Root main air intake duct, the wrap-around setting makes the mass distribution of the whole machine even, and enhances the balance and stability.
  • the main airway includes a first airway P1 and a second airway P2.
  • the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with a first casing 31 , and the stator 41 and the first casing 31 are fixed.
  • the front end and the end of the first casing 31 are respectively provided with a first front end cover 32 and a first rear The end cover 33;
  • the second casing 51 is arranged around the first casing 31,
  • the second end cover 52 is arranged at the end of the second casing 51
  • the third casing 6 is arranged at the end of the compressor, and the second end cover 52 surrounds into a high-pressure cavity;
  • the first air passage P1 includes a cavity between the first housing 31 and the second housing 51, a cavity between the first rear end cover 33 and the second end cap 52, and the first air passage P1 is the main intake air passage;
  • the second air passage P2 includes the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and the outer wall of the rotor 1, the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and
  • the inlet of the second air passage P2 is arranged at the front end of the first housing 31 or on the first front end cover 32, the outlet is arranged on the first rear end cover 33, and the cold air flows into the first air passage through the outlet of the second air passage P2 P1; the impeller 2 is sleeved on the end of the rotor 1, facing the intake air, and there is a gap between the blades of the impeller 2 and the conical cylinder of the second end cover 52, so that with the rotation of the rotor 1, the gas flows from the first air passage.
  • the end of P1 flows through the gap between the blades and enters the high-pressure cavity after being compressed.
  • the main air passage further includes a third air passage P3, and the third air passage P3 penetrates the stator 41 in the axial direction and merges into the first air passage P1.
  • the third air passage P3 can also be used as the main air passage for intake air, which can increase the intake air volume; since the third air passage P3 is close to the rotor 1, it has good auxiliary cooling and heat dissipation effects.
  • the stator 41 includes a stator iron core 411 , the stator iron core 411 is in the shape of a cylinder, and a through hole 4111 for the rotor to be installed is formed at the center of the cylinder; the stator iron core
  • the outer diameter side of the stator core 411 is formed with a plurality of first winding spacers 4112 extending along the axial and radial outer sides of the cylinder and uniformly distributed along the circumference of the cylinder.
  • a plurality of second winding spacers 4113 extending axially and radially inwards and uniformly distributed along the circumference of the cylinder form the through hole 4111 at one end of the second winding spacers 4113 close to the center of the cylinder.
  • the first winding spacer 4112 and the second winding spacer 4113 are arranged opposite to the outer diameter side and the inner diameter side of the cylinder, and two adjacent first winding spacers 4112 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder form an outer wire slot 4114, which is adjacent to The second winding separator 4113 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder form an inner wire slot 4115, the coil 42 is wound in the outer wire slot 4114 and the inner wire slot 4115 along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the coil 42 and the adjacent two second The winding separator 4113 constitutes the third air passage P3.
  • the stator core 411 can be formed by stacking and pressing a plurality of silicon steel sheets 4116 with the same shape in the axial direction of the cylinder.
  • mesh air holes may be provided on the first front end cover and the first rear end cover.
  • Radial bearings 7 are provided on the rotor 1 to support the stator 41 .
  • the first front end cover 32 and the first rear end cover 33 are provided close to the rotor 1 and are integrally provided with a supporting ring 34 surrounding the rotor 1 , and the radial bearing 7 is provided between the supporting ring 34 and the rotor 1 . between. Since the support ring 34 is fixed to the stator 41 , the radial bearing 7 plays a role of supporting the stator 41 .
  • the radial bearing 7 may be any one of a static pressure gas bearing, a dynamic pressure gas bearing, or a dynamic and static pressure mixed gas bearing.
  • the radial bearing 7 and the rotor 1 When it is set as a static pressure gas bearing, the radial bearing 7 and the rotor 1 have a predetermined radial gap in the radial direction, an annular air cavity is provided between the outer circumference of the radial bearing 7 and the support ring 34, and the bottom of the annular air cavity is provided There is a through hole penetrating the annular air cavity and the radial gap, and the support ring 34 is also provided with an air intake hole that communicates the annular air cavity with an external air source.
  • the radial bearing 7 and the rotor 1 When it is set as a dynamic pressure gas bearing, the radial bearing 7 and the rotor 1 have a predetermined radial gap in the radial direction, and a dynamic pressure generating groove is provided on the inner diameter surface of the radial bearing 7 or the part where the radial bearing 7 is installed on the rotor 1 .
  • Two ends of the radial bearing 7 are sleeved with annular rubber ring dampers 84 to ensure the stable support of the radial bearing 7 .
  • a thrust bearing 8 is provided on the rotor 1 .
  • two thrust discs are provided at the intake end of the rotor 1, which are a first thrust disc 11 and a second thrust disc 12, respectively, and both the first thrust disc 11 and the second thrust disc 12 include discs.
  • a thrust groove is formed between the inner end surfaces of the two thrust disks and the outside of the sleeve part, and a thrust bearing 8 is arranged in the thrust groove, The top part of the thrust bearing 8 protruding from the thrust groove and the two sides are respectively clamped by the cover body 9 and the first front end cover 32 , and the cover body 9 and the first front end cover 32 are fixed.
  • the thrust bearing 8 is a dynamic and static pressure mixed air bearing.
  • the thrust bearing 8 as shown in FIG. 10, includes a first thrust portion 81 and a second thrust portion 82, the first thrust portion 81 and the second thrust portion 82 are arranged oppositely, and the inner end surface of the second thrust portion 82 is provided with an annular air cavity 83, the annular air cavity 83 communicates with the outside air; the gap S1 between the inner end surface of the first thrust plate 11 and the outer end surface of the first thrust portion 81 communicates with the annular air cavity 83 through the air hole, and the inner end surface of the second thrust plate 12 and the second thrust portion The gap S2 on the outer end face communicates with the annular air cavity 83 through the air hole, and the gap S3 between the inner ring side wall of the second thrust portion 82 and the thrust groove side wall communicates with the annular air cavity 83 through the air hole.
  • An air intake pipe is provided on the first front end cover 32 to communicate with the annular air cavity through an air intake passage on the second thrust portion 82 .
  • a spring damper 85 or a rubber ring damper 84 is arranged between the outer end surface of the first thrust portion 81 and the cover body 9 and between the outer end surface of the second thrust portion 82 and the first front end cover 32 to absorb vibration energy and act as damping device function.
  • a spring damper 85 or a rubber ring damper 84 is arranged between the inner end surface of the first thrust portion 81 and the inner end surface of the second thrust portion 82, which plays the role of shock absorption and energy absorption and air sealing.
  • Air grooves are provided on the outer end surfaces of the first thrust portion 81 and the second thrust portion 82; or/and air grooves are provided on the surfaces of the two thrust discs opposite to the outer end surfaces of the first thrust portion 81 and the second thrust portion 82 respectively.
  • the setting of the air groove can realize the rapid flow of air in the bearing, which can not only conduct the compressor gas, but also prevent the air from clogging and accumulating.
  • the static pressure or dynamic pressure mode can be selected flexibly according to the air source condition, and the use is flexible; the height of the thrust discs on both sides of the thrust groove is low, the turning amount is small, the consumables are small, the process is relatively simple, the mass distribution is relatively uniform, and the shaft is highly rotated. Sex is better.
  • the part of the second end cover 52 (equivalent to the stator) facing the front cover 202 is evenly opened with one or more circles of air holes 301, as shown in FIG. Air flow, radial air flow will make the impeller suspended in the stator and rotate stably, the axial air flow will push the impeller backward, and the stator is used as an air bearing and plays the role of a radial bearing and a thrust bearing at the same time.
  • An air-cooled compressor includes: a rotor 1, a stator 41, a coil 42, a casing, an impeller 2 and at least one main air passage, as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the rotor 1 is sleeved with the stator 41 and The coil 42, the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with the casing.
  • the casing forms a high-pressure cavity at the end of the compressor.
  • the impeller 2 is sleeved at the end of the rotor 1 and faces the intake air.
  • the air passage is arranged around the stator 41 , and the outlet at the end of the main air passage is connected to the high-pressure air chamber through the impeller 2 .
  • the impeller is a closed impeller, and its specific structure includes: a rear cover 201, blades 202, a sleeve body 203 and a front cover 204, as shown in Figures 2-6, wherein the rear cover 201 is arranged at the rear end of the sleeve body 203, and The rear cover 201 and the sleeve body 203 are provided with an integral through hole in the center for being sleeved and fixed on the rotor 1; the blades 202 are arranged around the sleeve body 203 and rotate in the same direction, one end of the blade 202 is connected with the outer wall of the sleeve body 203, and the other end is connected to the outer wall of the sleeve body 203.
  • the front cover 204 is covered on the blade 202; the front cover 204 is in the shape of a truncated cone;
  • the grooves at the ends of the blades 202 match, and the ends of the blades 202 corresponding to the grooves are embedded in the grooves for a tight fit connection;
  • a flow channel 205 is formed between the blades 202, the rear cover 201 and the front cover 204; the tail of the front cover 204 and the rear Air outlets 206 are spaced apart by blades 202 between the covers 201 , and the gas flows out from the air outlets 206 from the front of the blades 202 through the flow channel 205 .
  • the rear cover 201 , the blades 202 and the sleeve body 203 are integrally formed, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 .
  • the outer edge of the blade 202 protrudes from the end surface of the rear cover 201 in the axial direction.
  • the blade 202 includes a longer main blade and a shorter splitter blade, and the main blade and the splitter blade are arranged in sequence at intervals.
  • the grooves of the front cover 204 are divided into main blade grooves and splitter blade grooves, which are respectively provided at the ends of the main blade and the splitter blade.
  • the leading edge of the front cover 204 protrudes from the leading edge of the blade 202 , or is flatter than the leading edge of the blade 202 , or shorter than the leading edge of the blade 202 .
  • the front cover 204 is made of carbon fiber composite material.
  • the specific preparation method (flow process shown in Figure 7) is:
  • Step A the carbon fiber of the set volume is put into the oil bed, and the carbon fiber is infiltrated with the liquid binder in the oil bed;
  • Step B extracting the fully infiltrated carbon fiber, and extruding it to remove excess glue
  • Step C winding the carbon fiber after extruding the excess glue to form a sponge-like carbon fiber covered with the glue and having a three-dimensional structure;
  • Step D vacuumizing the sponge-like carbon fiber covered with adhesive and having a three-dimensional structure, so that the gas in the three-dimensional structure of the carbon fiber is extracted;
  • Step E injecting the liquid steel base material into the carbon fiber three-dimensional structure through a micro-injector, and performing micro-vibration on the carbon fiber three-dimensional structure during the injection process to obtain a composite material of the steel base material and the carbon fiber covered with adhesive;
  • step F the steel-based material and the composite material covered with the adhesive carbon fiber are put into a mold for pressure cooling and molding to obtain a formed steel-based carbon fiber composite front cover connected by chemical bonds.
  • the impeller 2, motor 4 (stator 41, coil 42) and cooling structure (main air passage) of the above-mentioned air-cooled compressor are arranged on the same side, and the structure is compact; Root main air intake duct, the wrap-around setting makes the mass distribution of the whole machine even, and enhances the balance and stability.
  • the main airway includes a first airway P1 and a second airway P2.
  • the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with a first casing 31 , and the stator 41 and the first casing 31 are fixed.
  • the front end and the end of the first casing 31 are respectively provided with a first front end cover 32 and a first rear The end cover 33;
  • the second casing 51 is arranged around the first casing 31,
  • the second end cover 52 is arranged at the end of the second casing 51
  • the third casing 6 is arranged at the end of the compressor, and the second end cover 52 surrounds into a high-pressure cavity;
  • the first air passage P1 includes a cavity between the first housing 31 and the second housing 51, a cavity between the first rear end cover 33 and the second end cap 52, and the first air passage P1 is the main intake air passage;
  • the second air passage P2 includes the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and the outer wall of the rotor 1, the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and
  • the inlet of the second air passage P2 is arranged at the front end of the first housing 31 or on the first front end cover 32, the outlet is arranged on the first rear end cover 33, and the cold air flows into the first air passage through the outlet of the second air passage P2 P1; the impeller 2 is sleeved on the end of the rotor 1, facing the intake air, and there is a gap between the blades of the impeller 2 and the conical cylinder of the second end cover 52, so that with the rotation of the rotor 1, the gas flows from the first air passage.
  • the end of P1 flows through the gap between the blades and enters the high-pressure cavity after being compressed.
  • the air source of the main air passage of the compressor can play an air cooling effect; the external air cooling air source can further cool down the motor and dissipate heat; the two paths of gas can finally be combined into the air intake of the compressor turbine, saving the amount of air intake;
  • An air-cooled fan is installed on the shaft, which has a simpler structure and higher reliability.
  • the impeller used is a closed impeller with a removable front cover.
  • the front cover is in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • the air inlet surface is a curved surface with a smooth transition along the contour of the blade ridge.
  • the back air surface is provided with a groove that matches the end of the blade.
  • the front cover is made of carbon fiber composite material.
  • the impeller is light in overall weight and has high strength. The blade (metal material) will expand when rotating, while the front cover does not expand.
  • the front cover is made of carbon fiber composite material. Through the addition of steel matrix, carbon fiber and adhesive, the formed composite material far exceeds the upper limit of the modulus of conventional steel matrix materials, and the stiffness is greatly increased.
  • the tensile strength, breaking force, and shear strength have also been greatly improved, and their properties are much higher than those of ordinary steel; at the same time, production costs, process thresholds, batch processes and versatility are all controlled within the metal material system. It has generally benefited industries that require high-performance materials.
  • An air-cooled compressor includes: a rotor 1, a stator 41, a coil 42, a casing, an impeller 2 and at least one main air passage, as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the rotor 1 is sleeved with the stator 41 and The coil 42, the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with the casing.
  • the casing forms a high-pressure cavity at the end of the compressor.
  • the impeller 2 is sleeved at the end of the rotor 1 and faces the intake air.
  • the air passage is arranged around the stator 41 , and the outlet at the end of the main air passage is connected to the high-pressure air chamber through the impeller 2 .
  • the impeller is a closed impeller, and its specific structure includes: a rear cover 201, blades 202, a sleeve body 203 and a front cover 204, as shown in Figures 2-6, wherein the rear cover 201 is arranged at the rear end of the sleeve body 203, and The rear cover 201 and the sleeve body 203 are provided with an integral through hole in the center for being sleeved and fixed on the rotor 1; the blades 202 are arranged around the sleeve body 203 and rotate in the same direction, one end of the blade 202 is connected with the outer wall of the sleeve body 203, and the other end is connected to the outer wall of the sleeve body 203.
  • the front cover 204 is covered on the blade 202; the front cover 204 is in the shape of a truncated cone;
  • the grooves at the ends of the blades 202 match, and the ends of the blades 202 corresponding to the grooves are embedded in the grooves for a tight fit connection;
  • a flow channel 205 is formed between the blades 202, the rear cover 201 and the front cover 204; the tail of the front cover 204 and the rear Air outlets 206 are spaced apart by blades 202 between the covers 201 , and the gas flows out from the air outlets 206 from the front of the blades 202 through the flow channel 205 .
  • the rear cover 201 , the blades 202 and the sleeve body 203 are integrally formed, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 .
  • the outer edge of the blade 202 protrudes from the end surface of the rear cover 201 in the axial direction.
  • the blade 202 includes a longer main blade and a shorter splitter blade, and the main blade and the splitter blade are arranged in sequence at intervals.
  • the grooves of the front cover 204 are divided into main blade grooves and splitter blade grooves, which are respectively provided at the ends of the main blade and the splitter blade.
  • the leading edge of the front cover 204 protrudes from the leading edge of the blade 202 , or is flatter than the leading edge of the blade 202 , or shorter than the leading edge of the blade 202 .
  • the front cover 204 is made of carbon fiber composite material.
  • the impellers are arranged in multiple stages, each stage of the impeller is sleeved on the rotor in series, the air outlet of the upper stage impeller is connected to the air inlet of the next stage impeller, and the gas is compressed step by step.
  • the main airway includes a first airway P1 and a second airway P2.
  • the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with a first casing 31 , and the stator 41 and the first casing 31 are fixed.
  • the front end and the end of the first casing 31 are respectively provided with a first front end cover 32 and a first rear The end cover 33;
  • the second casing 51 is arranged around the first casing 31,
  • the second end cover 52 is arranged at the end of the second casing 51
  • the third casing 6 is arranged at the end of the compressor, and the second end cover 52 surrounds into a high-pressure cavity;
  • the first air passage P1 includes a cavity between the first housing 31 and the second housing 51, a cavity between the first rear end cover 33 and the second end cap 52, and the first air passage P1 is the main intake air passage;
  • the second air passage P2 includes the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and the outer wall of the rotor 1, the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and
  • the inlet of the second air passage P2 is arranged at the front end of the first housing 31 or on the first front end cover 32, the outlet is arranged on the first rear end cover 33, and the cold air flows into the first air passage through the outlet of the second air passage P2 P1; the impeller 2 is sleeved on the end of the rotor 1, facing the intake air, and there is a gap between the blades of the impeller 2 and the conical cylinder of the second end cover 52, so that with the rotation of the rotor 1, the gas flows from the first air passage.
  • the end of P1 flows through the gap between the blades and enters the high-pressure cavity after being compressed.
  • the part of the second end cover 52 (equivalent to the stator) that faces the front cover 202 is evenly opened with one or more circles of air holes 301, which can be decomposed into axial and radial air flows after air intake, and the radial air flow will
  • the impeller is suspended in the stator and rotates stably, the axial airflow pushes the impeller backward, and the stator is used as an air bearing and plays the role of a radial bearing and a thrust bearing at the same time.
  • a radial bearing is sleeved on the rotor 1, or no radial bearing is provided.
  • the length of the rotating shaft is shortened (the length of the compressor is shortened, and when the compressor is used in equipment such as micro gas turbines, the overall length of the equipment will be reduced, and the integration will be higher), and it is easy to protect the shaft.
  • the coaxiality of the parts makes the processing easier, the integration is high, and the reliability of the whole machine is high.
  • the radial bearing is selected from a static pressure gas bearing, a dynamic pressure gas bearing or a dynamic and static pressure mixed gas bearing.
  • Two ends of the radial bearing are sleeved with annular rubber ring dampers.
  • the rotor may or may not be provided with a thrust bearing, which is determined according to the calculation result of the axial force. If the axial force is too large and difficult to offset, a thrust bearing needs to be provided.
  • An air-cooled compressor includes: a rotor 1, a stator 41, a coil 42, a casing, an impeller 2 and at least one main air passage, as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the rotor 1 is sleeved with the stator 41 and The coil 42, the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with the casing.
  • the casing forms a high-pressure cavity at the end of the compressor.
  • the impeller 2 is sleeved at the end of the rotor 1 and faces the intake air.
  • the air passage is arranged around the stator 41 , and the outlet at the end of the main air passage is connected to the high-pressure air chamber through the impeller 2 .
  • the main airway includes a first airway P1 and a second airway P2.
  • the stator 41 and the coil 42 are covered with a first casing 31 , and the stator 41 and the first casing 31 are fixed.
  • the front end and the end of the first casing 31 are respectively provided with a first front end cover 32 and a first rear The end cover 33;
  • the second casing 51 is arranged around the first casing 31,
  • the second end cover 52 is arranged at the end of the second casing 51
  • the third casing 6 is arranged at the end of the compressor, and the second end cover 52 surrounds into a high-pressure cavity;
  • the first air passage P1 includes a cavity between the first housing 31 and the second housing 51, a cavity between the first rear end cover 33 and the second end cap 52, and the first air passage P1 is the main intake air passage;
  • the second air passage P2 includes the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and the outer wall of the rotor 1, the gap between the stator 41 and the coil 42 and
  • the inlet of the second air passage P2 is arranged on the front end of the first housing 31 or on the first front end cover 32, the outlet is arranged on the first rear end cover 33, and the cold air flows into the first air passage through the outlet of the second air passage P2 P1; the impeller 2 is sleeved on the end of the rotor 1, facing the intake air, and there is a gap between the blades of the impeller 2 and the conical cylinder of the second end cover 52, so that with the rotation of the rotor 1, the gas flows from the first air passage.
  • the end of P1 flows through the gap between the blades and enters the high-pressure cavity after being compressed.
  • the part of the second end cover 52 (equivalent to the stator) facing the impeller blades is evenly opened with one or more circles of air holes, which can be decomposed into axial and radial airflow after intake, and the radial airflow will make the impeller. It is suspended in the stator and rotates stably, the axial airflow pushes the impeller backward, and the stator acts as an air bearing and plays the role of a radial bearing and a thrust bearing at the same time.
  • a radial bearing is sleeved on the rotor, or no radial bearing is provided.
  • the length of the rotating shaft is shortened (the length of the compressor is shortened, and when the compressor is used in equipment such as micro gas turbines, the overall length of the equipment will be reduced, and the integration will be higher), and it is easy to protect the shaft.
  • the coaxiality of the parts makes the processing easier, the integration is high, and the reliability of the whole machine is high.
  • the radial bearing is selected from a static pressure gas bearing, a dynamic pressure gas bearing or a dynamic and static pressure mixed gas bearing.
  • Two ends of the radial bearing are sleeved with annular rubber ring dampers.
  • the rotor may or may not be provided with a thrust bearing, which is determined according to the calculation result of the axial force. If the axial force is too large and difficult to offset, a thrust bearing needs to be provided.

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Abstract

风冷压气机，包括转子（1）、叶轮（2）和至少一个主气道，其中，主气道环绕定子（41）设置，其末端的出口经叶轮（2）连接高压气腔，主气道气源起风冷作用；叶轮（2）为闭式叶轮，包括后盖（201）、叶片（202）、套体（203）和前盖（204），前盖（204）罩设于叶片（202）上，呈圆台环状；前盖（204）的进气面为沿叶片（202）脊线轮廓光滑过渡的曲面，背气面设有与叶片（202）端部相吻合的凹槽，各凹槽对应的叶片端部嵌入凹槽内紧配合连接；前盖（204）由碳纤维复合材料制成。风冷压气机，不需要在轴上加装风冷风扇，结构简单，可靠性强；采用闭式叶轮，流动阻力小，效率高，结构轻巧，强度高。

Description

一种风冷压气机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种风冷压气机，属于压气机技术领域。
背景技术
工业燃气轮机主要包括压气机、燃烧室及透平三大部件。压气机是利用高速旋转的叶片给气体(多为空气)做功以提高气体压力的部件，其将空气压缩成高温高压的空气，然后供给燃烧室燃料燃烧，产生的高温高压燃气在透平中膨胀做功。压气机采用电机驱动，电机转子转动会产生大量的热，转子温度超过永磁材料的使用温度后出现退磁，电机效率会明显降低，电机寿命受到影响，可靠性不能有效的保证。现有技术中为解决该技术问题，多在转子上设置冷却风扇，增加了零部件数量和工艺难度，带来体积大、发热高、散热困难的问题。另外，目前的压气机普遍采用多个径向轴承和推力轴承组成的轴承组，需要足够长的转轴进行安装，带来压气机轴向尺寸增加的问题，若将该类型的压气机用在微型燃气轮机发电机组等设备中，会增大设备所占用的空间，同时增加整体重量，不利于集成化设计；且布置多个轴承所带来的加工及装配误差会增大，加工及装配难度高。再有，目前的压气机采用的叶轮多为半开式叶轮，在如何获得较小的摩擦损失和流动阻力、较高的效率、轻巧并具有高强度等方面尚有改进的余地。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术，本发明提供了一种风冷压气机，无需在轴上加装风冷风扇即可达到冷却效果，结构简单，可靠性强。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种风冷压气机，包括转子、叶轮和至少一个主气道，其中，所述转子上套设电机(包括定子及线圈)，电机外罩设壳体；所述壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，所述叶轮套设在转子末端迎向进气设置，所述主气道环绕定子设置，所述主气道末端的出口经叶轮连接高压气腔；所述叶轮为闭式叶轮，具体结构为：包括后盖、叶片、套体和前盖，其中，后盖设置在套体尾端，且后盖与套体中心设置一体的通孔用于套设并固定于转轴上；叶片环绕套体设置且朝同一方向旋转，叶片的一端与套体外壁连接，另一端与后盖端面连接；前盖罩设于叶片上，静子罩住前盖；前盖呈圆台环状；前盖的进气面为沿叶片脊线轮廓光滑过渡的曲面，背气面设有与叶片端部相吻合的凹槽，各凹槽对应的叶片端部嵌入凹槽内紧配合连接；叶片、后盖和前盖之间形成流道；前盖尾部和后盖之间由叶片隔成间隔的出风口，气体由叶片前部 经流道从出风口流出。
进一步的，所述后盖、叶片和套体一体成型。
进一步的，所述叶片外缘在轴向上凸出于后盖端面。
进一步的，所述叶片包括较长的主叶片和较短的分流叶片，主叶片和分流叶片依次间隔设置。所述前盖凹槽分为主叶片槽和分流叶片槽，分别对应主叶片和分流叶片端部设置。
进一步的，所述前盖的前沿凸出于叶片前沿，或平于叶片前沿，或短于叶片前沿。
进一步的，所述前盖由碳纤维复合材料制成。具体的制备方法为：
步骤A，将设定体积的碳纤维投入油床中，利用该油床中的液态胶合剂对碳纤维进行浸润；
步骤B，将经过充分浸润的碳纤维提取出，并挤压以去除其中的多余胶合剂；
步骤C，对挤压掉多余胶合剂后的碳纤维进行缠绕处理形成沾满胶合剂且具有三维结构的海绵状碳纤维；
步骤D，将沾满胶合剂且具有三维结构的海绵状碳纤维进行抽真空处理，使碳纤维三维结构中的气体被抽出；
步骤E，将液态钢基材料通过微注射器注射入到碳纤维三维结构中，并在注射过程中对该碳纤维三维结构进行微震动，得到钢基材料与沾满胶合剂碳纤维的复合材料；
步骤F，将钢基材料与沾满胶合剂碳纤维的复合材料放入模具中加压冷却成型，得到成型的通过化学键连接的钢基碳纤维复合前盖。
进一步的，所述叶轮设置为单级或多级；为多级时，每一级叶轮串联套设在转子上，上一级叶轮的出气口连通下一级叶轮的进气口，逐级压缩气体。
进一步的，所述壳体包括第一壳体、第二壳体以及第三壳体，所述主气道包括第一气道或/和第三气道；所述定子及线圈外罩设第一壳体，且定子与第一壳体固定；所述第一壳体的前端和末端分别设置第一前端盖和第一后端盖；所述第二壳体环绕第一壳体设置，第二壳体末端设置第二端盖；所述第三壳体设置在压气机末端，和第二端盖之间围成高压腔体；所述第一壳体和第二壳体之间的腔体、第一后端盖和第二端盖之间的腔体形成所述第一气道；所述第三气道轴向贯穿定子。
进一步的，所述第二端盖(相当于静子)上正对叶轮叶片或前盖的部分均匀开设一圈或多圈气孔，该处进气后可分解为轴向和径向的气流，径向气流将使叶轮悬浮于静子内稳定转动，轴向气流将叶轮向后推，静子用作空气轴承同时起到了径向轴承和推力轴承的作用。
进一步的，所述转子上套设径向轴承，或不设径向轴承。设有两个径向轴承时，相当于 共有三个径向轴承支撑，整体振动小，运行稳定。不设径向轴承或者只含有其中一个时，转轴长度缩短(压气机长度缩短，当压气机用在微型燃气轮机等设备中时，设备的整体长度会缩小，集成化更高)，容易保障轴上零件同轴度，加工更容易，集成度高，整机可靠性高。
进一步的，所述径向轴承选自静压气体轴承、动压气体轴承或动静压混合气体轴承。
进一步的，所述径向轴承的两头套设环形胶圈阻尼器。
进一步的，所述转子上可设或者不设推力轴承，具体根据轴向力计算结果确定，如果轴向力过大、难以抵消，则需要设置推力轴承。
进一步的，所述压气机还包括第二气道；所述定子及线圈和转子外壁之前的间隙、定子及线圈和第一前端盖之间的间隙、定子及线圈和第一后端盖之间的间隙形成第二气道，所述第二气道入口设置在第一壳体的前端或者设置在第一前端盖上，出口设置在第一后端盖上且与第一气道或/和第三气道连通。
进一步的，所述转子进气端设置推力轴承，包括第一推力盘以及第二推力盘，两个推力盘均包括盘部和套筒部，两个推力盘的套筒部对接固定在转子上，两个推力盘内端面和套筒部外部之间形成止推槽，所述止推槽内设置推力轴承；所述推力轴承顶部凸出于止推槽的部分两侧分别由盖体和壳体卡住，所述盖体和壳体固定连接。
进一步的，所述推力轴承为动静压混合的空气轴承；所述推力轴承包括第一推力部和第二推力部，第一推力部和第二推力部相对设置，第二推力部的内侧端面开设环形气腔，该环形气腔连通外部气体；第一推力盘内侧端面和第一推力部外侧端面的第一间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，第二推力盘内侧端面和第二推力部外侧端面的第二间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，第二推力部的内圈侧壁和推力槽侧壁之间的第三间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，所述壳体上设置进气管经第二推力部上的进气道连通环形气腔。
进一步的，所述第一推力部外端面和盖体之间、第二推力部外端面和壳体之间均设置弹簧阻尼器或胶圈阻尼器；或/和，所述第一推力部内端面和第二推力部内端面之间设置弹簧阻尼器或胶圈阻尼器。
进一步的，所述第一推力部和第二推力部的外端面设置空气槽；或/和两推力盘上分别与第一推力部和第二推力部的外端面相对的面上设置空气槽。
本发明的风冷压气机，叶轮、电机、冷却结构设置在同侧，结构紧凑；主气道环绕定子设置，进一步优化结构，不需要设置单根主进气管道，该环绕式设置使整机质量分布均匀，增强了平衡和稳定性。主气道气源可起到风冷效果；外接风冷气源可进一步为电机降温散热；多路气体最后均可合为压气机涡轮的进气，节约进气用量；不需要在轴上加装风冷风扇，结 构更简单，可靠性强。
本发明的压气机的叶轮为闭式叶轮，设置可拆卸的前盖，前盖呈圆台环状，进气面为沿叶片脊线轮廓光滑过渡的曲面，背气面设有与叶片端部相吻合的凹槽，工作时摩擦损失小，流动阻力小，效率高；工作时前盖与叶片之间紧密咬合，气体由叶片前部经流道从出风口流出，气体泄露极少。前盖由碳纤维复合材料制成，叶轮整体质量轻且具有高强度，转动时叶片(金属材质)会膨胀，而前盖不膨胀，因此随着转动的增快、时间的增长，叶片和前盖的凹槽之间的咬合会越来越紧(设置有静子作为空气轴承时，其进气也会施加在前盖上，进一步防止叶片和前盖的凹槽分离)，适合高速旋转工况。设有分流叶片，既可以减少进口气流的堵塞，又可以提高叶轮出口的滑移系数，不仅使叶轮效率提高，而且由于改善了叶轮出口的流场，从而可以提高压气机的整机效率。前盖由碳纤维复合材料制成，通过钢材基体、碳纤维和胶合剂的加入，所形成的复合材料远远突破常规各类钢材基体材料自身的模量上限，刚度大幅增加，同时，增强了钢材的抗拉强度和断裂力，剪切强度也得到了很大提高，其各项性能远高于普通钢材；同时生产成本、工艺门槛和批量化流程及通用性等方面都控制在金属材料体系内，使得有高性能材料需求的行业普遍受益。
本发明的压气机设有斜向推力结构，静子用作空气轴承同时起到了径向轴承和推力轴承的作用(从气孔内向静子和叶轮之间的间隙内通入气体，使间隙内形成均匀稳定的气膜，使叶轮在静子内稳定旋转，从而起到空气轴承的作用)，可以减少甚至取代原有的径向轴承及推力轴承。静子兼做推力轴承时，若转轴上还设置其他径向轴承，相当于有多个径向轴承支撑，整体振动小，运行稳定。若转轴上没有其他径向轴承或者只含有少量径向轴承，则缩短转轴长度，容易保障轴上零件同轴度，加工更容易，集成度高，整机可靠性高。
本发明的推力轴承和径向轴承均采用空气轴承，能够保证压气机的高速稳定运行；设置空气槽能够实现轴承内空气的快速通流，既可传导压气机气体，又可防止空气堵塞、聚积，根据气源状况灵活选择静压或动压模式，使用灵活。止推槽两侧的推力盘高度低，加工时车削量小、耗材少、工艺相对简单，质量分布相对均匀，转轴高度旋转时稳定性更好。
本发明的风冷压气机可用于任一转子系统或微型燃气轮机，用于提供高压气体，其能够解决转子系统或微型燃气轮机结构复杂、体积大、散热难的技术问题。
本发明使用的各种术语和短语具有本领域技术人员公知的一般含义。提及的术语和短语如有与公知含义不一致的，以本发明所表述的含义为准。
附图说明
图1：本发明的风冷压气机的结构示意图。
图2：本发明的闭式叶轮的结构示意图。
图3：后盖、叶片和套体的结构示意图。
图4：图3的主视图。
图5：图3的侧视图。
图6：图5中A-A位置的剖视图。
图7：前盖的制作流程图。
图8：定子和线圈结构剖视图。
图9：定子结构示意图。
图10：推力轴承的结构示意图。
图11：静子兼做空气轴承的斜向推力结构示意图。
其中，1-转子，2-叶轮，201-后盖，202-叶片，203-套体，204-前盖，205-流道，206-出风口,301-气孔，31-第一壳体，32-第一前端盖，33-第一后端盖，34-支撑环，4-电机，41-定子，42-线圈，411-定子铁芯，4111-通孔，4112-第一绕组隔板，4113-第二绕组隔板，4114-外线槽，4115-内线槽，4116-硅钢片，51-第二壳体，52-第二端盖，6-第三壳体，7-径向轴承，8-推力轴承，81-第一推力部，82-第二推力部，83-环形气腔，84-胶圈阻尼器，85-弹簧阻尼器，9-盖体，11-第一推力盘，12-第二推力盘，P1-第一气道，P2-第二气道，P3-第三气道。
具体实施方式
为了更好的了解本发明的技术方案，下面结合具体实施例、说明书附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种风冷压气机，包括：转子1、定子41、线圈42、壳体、叶轮2以及至少一个主气道，如图1所示，其中，所述转子1上套设所述定子41及线圈42，所述定子41及线圈42外罩设所述壳体，所述壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，所述叶轮2套设在转子1末端迎向进气设置，所述主气道环绕所述定子41设置，所述主气道末端的出口经所述叶轮2连接高压气腔。
所述叶轮为闭式叶轮，具体结构为：包括后盖201、叶片202、套体203和前盖204，如图2～6所示，其中，后盖201设置在套体203尾端，且后盖201与套体203中心设置一体的通孔用于套设并固定于转子1上；叶片202环绕套体203设置且朝同一方向旋转，叶片202的一端与套体203外壁连接，另一端与后盖201端面连接；前盖204罩设于叶片202上；前 盖204呈圆台环状；前盖204的进气面为沿叶片202脊线轮廓光滑过渡的曲面，背气面设有与叶片202端部相吻合的凹槽，各凹槽对应的叶片202端部嵌入凹槽内紧配合连接；叶片202、后盖201和前盖204之间形成流道205；前盖204尾部和后盖201之间由叶片202隔成间隔的出风口206，气体由叶片202前部经流道205从出风口206流出。
所述后盖201、叶片202和套体203一体成型，如图3～6所示。
所述叶片202外缘在轴向上凸出于后盖201端面。
所述叶片202包括较长的主叶片和较短的分流叶片，主叶片和分流叶片依次间隔设置。所述前盖204凹槽分为主叶片槽和分流叶片槽，分别对应主叶片和分流叶片端部设置。
所述前盖204的前沿凸出于叶片202前沿，或平于叶片202前沿，或短于叶片202前沿。
所述前盖204由碳纤维复合材料制成。具体的制备方法(流程如图7所示)为：
步骤A，将设定体积的碳纤维投入油床中，利用该油床中的液态胶合剂对碳纤维进行浸润；
步骤B，将经过充分浸润的碳纤维提取出，并挤压以去除其中的多余胶合剂；
步骤C，对挤压掉多余胶合剂后的碳纤维进行缠绕处理形成沾满胶合剂且具有三维结构的海绵状碳纤维；
步骤D，将沾满胶合剂且具有三维结构的海绵状碳纤维进行抽真空处理，使碳纤维三维结构中的气体被抽出；
步骤E，将液态钢基材料通过微注射器注射入到碳纤维三维结构中，并在注射过程中对该碳纤维三维结构进行微震动，得到钢基材料与沾满胶合剂碳纤维的复合材料；
步骤F，将钢基材料与沾满胶合剂碳纤维的复合材料放入模具中加压冷却成型，得到成型的通过化学键连接的钢基碳纤维复合前盖。
上述风冷压气机的叶轮2、电机4(定子41、线圈42)、冷却结构(主气道)设置在同侧，结构紧凑；主气道环绕定子41设置，进一步优化结构，不需要设置单根主进气管道，该环绕式设置使整机质量分布均匀，增强了平衡和稳定性。
主气道包括第一气道P1和第二气道P2。如图1所示，定子41及线圈42外罩设第一壳体31，且定子41与第一壳体31固定，第一壳体31的前端和末端分别设置第一前端盖32和第一后端盖33；第二壳体51环绕第一壳体31设置，第二壳体51末端设置第二端盖52，第三壳体6设置在压气机末端，和第二端盖52之间围成高压腔体；第一气道P1包括第一壳体31和第二壳体51之间的腔体、第一后端盖33和第二端盖52之间的腔体，第一气道P1为进气主气道；第二气道P2包括定子41及线圈42和转子1外壁之间间隙、定子41及线圈42和 第一前端盖32的间隙、定子41及线圈42和第一后端盖33的间隙；第二气道P2为风冷气道。第二气道P2入口设置在第一壳体31的前端或者设置在第一前端盖32上，出口设置在第一后端盖33上，冷风经第二气道P2出口汇入第一气道P1；叶轮2套设在转子1末端，迎向进气设置，叶轮2的叶片与第二端盖52的锥形筒之间留有缝隙，以便随着转子1转动，气体自第一气道P1末端流经叶片之间的间隙经压缩后进入所述高压腔体。
主气道还包括第三气道P3，第三气道P3沿轴向贯穿定子41，并汇入第一气道P1。第三气道P3也可作为进气主气道，可以增加进气量；由于第三气道P3靠近转子1，具有良好的辅助降温和散热效果。
具体的，如图8、9所示，定子41包括定子铁芯411，定子铁芯411呈圆柱体状，且在圆柱体的中心位置形成有供转子安装的通孔4111；所述定子铁芯411的外径侧形成有沿圆柱体的轴向和径向外侧延伸、沿圆柱体的周向均布的多个第一绕组隔板4112，所述定子铁芯411的内径侧形成有沿圆柱体的轴向和径向内侧延伸、沿圆柱体的周向均布的多个第二绕组隔板4113，所述第二绕组隔板4113靠近圆柱体圆心的一端形成所述通孔4111。第一绕组隔板4112与第二绕组隔板4113在圆柱体的外径侧和内径侧相对设置，相邻的两个第一绕组隔板4112和圆柱体的外周面形成外线槽4114，相邻的第二绕组隔板4113和圆柱体的内周面形成内线槽4115，线圈42沿圆柱体的轴向缠绕于所述外线槽4114和内线槽4115内，线圈42和相邻的两个第二绕组隔板4113构成第三气道P3。可选地，定子铁芯411可由多个形状完全相同的硅钢片4116沿圆柱体的轴向方向叠加压制而成。
同时，为了便于定子41及转子1的散热以及第三气道P3的进气，可在第一前端盖和第一后端盖上设置网状气孔。
在转子1上设置径向轴承7支撑定子41。如图1所示，具体地，第一前端盖32和第一后端盖33靠近转子1设置一体的支撑环34环绕转子1设置，所述径向轴承7设置在支撑环34和转子1之间。由于支撑环34与定子41固定，所以径向轴承7起到了支撑定子41的作用。径向轴承7可以是静压气体轴承、动压气体轴承或者动静压混合气体轴承中的任一种。
当其设置为静压气体轴承时，径向轴承7和转子1在径向上具有预定的径向间隙，径向轴承7的外周与支撑环34之间设有环形气腔，环形气腔的底部设有贯通环形气腔与径向间隙的通孔，同时支撑环34上也设置将环形气腔与外接气源连通的进气孔。
当其设置为动压气体轴承时，径向轴承7和转子1在径向上具有预定的径向间隙，径向轴承7的内径面或者转子1上安装径向轴承7的部位设置动压发生槽。
当其设置为动静压混合气体轴承时，其同时具有静压气体轴承和动压气体轴承的特征。
径向轴承7的两头套设环形胶圈阻尼器84，保证径向轴承7的稳定支撑。
在转子1上设置推力轴承8。如图1、10所示，具体的，转子1进气端设置两个推力盘，分别为第一推力盘11和第二推力盘12，第一推力盘11和第二推力盘12均包括盘部和套筒部，两个推力盘的套筒部对接固定在转子1上，两个推力盘内端面和套筒部外部之间形成止推槽，所述止推槽内设置推力轴承8，推力轴承8顶部凸出于止推槽的部分、两侧分别由盖体9和第一前端盖32卡住，盖体9与第一前端盖32固定。推力轴承8为动静压混合的空气轴承。
推力轴承8，结构如图10所示，包括第一推力部81和第二推力部82，第一推力部81和第二推力部82相对设置，第二推力部82的内侧端面开设环形气腔83，该环形气腔83连通外部气体；第一推力盘11内侧端面和第一推力部81外侧端面的间隙S1通过气孔连通环形气腔83，第二推力盘12端内侧端面和第二推力部外侧端面的间隙S2通过气孔连通环形气腔83，第二推力部82的内圈侧壁和止推槽侧壁之间的间隙S3通过气孔连通环形气腔83。第一前端盖32上设置进气管经第二推力部82上的进气道连通环形气腔。
第一推力部81外端面和盖体9之间、第二推力部82外端面和第一前端盖32之间均设置弹簧阻尼器85或胶圈阻尼器84，以吸收震动能量，起到阻尼器作用。第一推力部81内端面和第二推力部82内端面之间设置弹簧阻尼器85或胶圈阻尼器84，起到减震吸能和封闭气体的作用。第一推力部81和第二推力部82的外端面设置空气槽；或/和两推力盘上分别与第一推力部81和第二推力部82的外端面相对的面上设置空气槽。
设置空气槽能够实现轴承内空气的快速通流，既可传导压气机气体，又可防止空气堵塞、聚积。根据气源状况灵活选择静压或动压模式，使用灵活；止推槽两侧的推力盘高度低，加工时车削量小、耗材少、工艺相对简单，质量分布相对均匀，转轴高度旋转时稳定性更好。
所述第二端盖52(相当于静子)上正对前盖202的部分均匀开设一圈或多圈气孔301，如图11所示，该处进气后可分解为轴向和径向的气流，径向气流将使叶轮悬浮于静子内稳定转动，轴向气流将叶轮向后推，静子用作空气轴承同时起到了径向轴承和推力轴承的作用。
实施例2
一种风冷压气机，包括：转子1、定子41、线圈42、壳体、叶轮2以及至少一个主气道，如图1所示，其中，所述转子1上套设所述定子41及线圈42，所述定子41及线圈42外罩设所述壳体，所述壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，所述叶轮2套设在转子1末端迎向进气设置，所述主气道环绕所述定子41设置，所述主气道末端的出口经所述叶轮2连接高压气腔。
所述叶轮为闭式叶轮，具体结构为：包括后盖201、叶片202、套体203和前盖204，如图2～6所示，其中，后盖201设置在套体203尾端，且后盖201与套体203中心设置一体的通孔用于套设并固定于转子1上；叶片202环绕套体203设置且朝同一方向旋转，叶片202的一端与套体203外壁连接，另一端与后盖201端面连接；前盖204罩设于叶片202上；前盖204呈圆台环状；前盖204的进气面为沿叶片202脊线轮廓光滑过渡的曲面，背气面设有与叶片202端部相吻合的凹槽，各凹槽对应的叶片202端部嵌入凹槽内紧配合连接；叶片202、后盖201和前盖204之间形成流道205；前盖204尾部和后盖201之间由叶片202隔成间隔的出风口206，气体由叶片202前部经流道205从出风口206流出。
所述后盖201、叶片202和套体203一体成型，如图3～6所示。
所述叶片202外缘在轴向上凸出于后盖201端面。
所述叶片202包括较长的主叶片和较短的分流叶片，主叶片和分流叶片依次间隔设置。所述前盖204凹槽分为主叶片槽和分流叶片槽，分别对应主叶片和分流叶片端部设置。
所述前盖204的前沿凸出于叶片202前沿，或平于叶片202前沿，或短于叶片202前沿。
所述前盖204由碳纤维复合材料制成。具体的制备方法(流程如图7所示)为：
步骤A，将设定体积的碳纤维投入油床中，利用该油床中的液态胶合剂对碳纤维进行浸润；
步骤B，将经过充分浸润的碳纤维提取出，并挤压以去除其中的多余胶合剂；
步骤C，对挤压掉多余胶合剂后的碳纤维进行缠绕处理形成沾满胶合剂且具有三维结构的海绵状碳纤维；
步骤D，将沾满胶合剂且具有三维结构的海绵状碳纤维进行抽真空处理，使碳纤维三维结构中的气体被抽出；
步骤E，将液态钢基材料通过微注射器注射入到碳纤维三维结构中，并在注射过程中对该碳纤维三维结构进行微震动，得到钢基材料与沾满胶合剂碳纤维的复合材料；
步骤F，将钢基材料与沾满胶合剂碳纤维的复合材料放入模具中加压冷却成型，得到成型的通过化学键连接的钢基碳纤维复合前盖。
上述风冷压气机的叶轮2、电机4(定子41、线圈42)、冷却结构(主气道)设置在同侧，结构紧凑；主气道环绕定子41设置，进一步优化结构，不需要设置单根主进气管道，该环绕式设置使整机质量分布均匀，增强了平衡和稳定性。
主气道包括第一气道P1和第二气道P2。如图1所示，定子41及线圈42外罩设第一壳体31，且定子41与第一壳体31固定，第一壳体31的前端和末端分别设置第一前端盖32和 第一后端盖33；第二壳体51环绕第一壳体31设置，第二壳体51末端设置第二端盖52，第三壳体6设置在压气机末端，和第二端盖52之间围成高压腔体；第一气道P1包括第一壳体31和第二壳体51之间的腔体、第一后端盖33和第二端盖52之间的腔体，第一气道P1为进气主气道；第二气道P2包括定子41及线圈42和转子1外壁之间间隙、定子41及线圈42和第一前端盖32的间隙、定子41及线圈42和第一后端盖33的间隙；第二气道P2为风冷气道。第二气道P2入口设置在第一壳体31的前端或者设置在第一前端盖32上，出口设置在第一后端盖33上，冷风经第二气道P2出口汇入第一气道P1；叶轮2套设在转子1末端，迎向进气设置，叶轮2的叶片与第二端盖52的锥形筒之间留有缝隙，以便随着转子1转动，气体自第一气道P1末端流经叶片之间的间隙经压缩后进入所述高压腔体。
压气机的主气道气源可起到风冷效果；外接风冷气源可进一步为电机降温散热；两路气体最后均可合为压气机涡轮的进气，节约进气用量；不需要在轴上加装风冷风扇，结构更简单，可靠性强。
所用叶轮为闭式叶轮，设置可拆卸的前盖，前盖呈圆台环状，进气面为沿叶片脊线轮廓光滑过渡的曲面，背气面设有与叶片端部相吻合的凹槽，工作时摩擦损失小，流动阻力小，效率高；工作时前盖与叶片之间紧密咬合，气体由叶片前部经流道从出风口流出，气体泄露极少。前盖由碳纤维复合材料制成，叶轮整体质量轻且具有高强度，转动时叶片(金属材质)会膨胀，而前盖不膨胀，因此随着转动的增快、时间的增长，叶片和前盖的凹槽之间的咬合会越来越紧，适合高速旋转工况。设有分流叶片，既可以减少进口气流的堵塞，又可以提高叶轮出口的滑移系数，不仅使叶轮效率提高，而且由于改善了叶轮出口的流场，从而可以提高压气机的整机效率。前盖由碳纤维复合材料制成，通过钢材基体、碳纤维和胶合剂的加入，所形成的复合材料远远突破常规各类钢材基体材料自身的模量上限，刚度大幅增加，同时，增强了钢材的抗拉强度和断裂力，剪切强度也得到了很大提高，其各项性能远高于普通钢材；同时生产成本、工艺门槛和批量化流程及通用性等方面都控制在金属材料体系内，使得有高性能材料需求的行业普遍受益。
实施例3
一种风冷压气机，包括：转子1、定子41、线圈42、壳体、叶轮2以及至少一个主气道，如图1所示，其中，所述转子1上套设所述定子41及线圈42，所述定子41及线圈42外罩设所述壳体，所述壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，所述叶轮2套设在转子1末端迎向进气设置，所述主气道环绕所述定子41设置，所述主气道末端的出口经所述叶轮2连接高压气腔。
所述叶轮为闭式叶轮，具体结构为：包括后盖201、叶片202、套体203和前盖204，如图2～6所示，其中，后盖201设置在套体203尾端，且后盖201与套体203中心设置一体的通孔用于套设并固定于转子1上；叶片202环绕套体203设置且朝同一方向旋转，叶片202的一端与套体203外壁连接，另一端与后盖201端面连接；前盖204罩设于叶片202上；前盖204呈圆台环状；前盖204的进气面为沿叶片202脊线轮廓光滑过渡的曲面，背气面设有与叶片202端部相吻合的凹槽，各凹槽对应的叶片202端部嵌入凹槽内紧配合连接；叶片202、后盖201和前盖204之间形成流道205；前盖204尾部和后盖201之间由叶片202隔成间隔的出风口206，气体由叶片202前部经流道205从出风口206流出。
所述后盖201、叶片202和套体203一体成型，如图3～6所示。
所述叶片202外缘在轴向上凸出于后盖201端面。
所述叶片202包括较长的主叶片和较短的分流叶片，主叶片和分流叶片依次间隔设置。所述前盖204凹槽分为主叶片槽和分流叶片槽，分别对应主叶片和分流叶片端部设置。
所述前盖204的前沿凸出于叶片202前沿，或平于叶片202前沿，或短于叶片202前沿。
所述前盖204由碳纤维复合材料制成。
所述叶轮设置为多级，每一级叶轮串联套设在转子上，上一级叶轮的出气口连通下一级叶轮的进气口，逐级压缩气体。
主气道包括第一气道P1和第二气道P2。如图1所示，定子41及线圈42外罩设第一壳体31，且定子41与第一壳体31固定，第一壳体31的前端和末端分别设置第一前端盖32和第一后端盖33；第二壳体51环绕第一壳体31设置，第二壳体51末端设置第二端盖52，第三壳体6设置在压气机末端，和第二端盖52之间围成高压腔体；第一气道P1包括第一壳体31和第二壳体51之间的腔体、第一后端盖33和第二端盖52之间的腔体，第一气道P1为进气主气道；第二气道P2包括定子41及线圈42和转子1外壁之间间隙、定子41及线圈42和第一前端盖32的间隙、定子41及线圈42和第一后端盖33的间隙；第二气道P2为风冷气道。第二气道P2入口设置在第一壳体31的前端或者设置在第一前端盖32上，出口设置在第一后端盖33上，冷风经第二气道P2出口汇入第一气道P1；叶轮2套设在转子1末端，迎向进气设置，叶轮2的叶片与第二端盖52的锥形筒之间留有缝隙，以便随着转子1转动，气体自第一气道P1末端流经叶片之间的间隙经压缩后进入所述高压腔体。
所述第二端盖52(相当于静子)上正对前盖202的部分均匀开设一圈或多圈气孔301，该处进气后可分解为轴向和径向的气流，径向气流将使叶轮悬浮于静子内稳定转动，轴向气流将叶轮向后推，静子用作空气轴承同时起到了径向轴承和推力轴承的作用。
所述转子1上套设径向轴承，或不设径向轴承。设有两个径向轴承时，相当于共有三个径向轴承支撑，整体振动小，运行稳定。不设径向轴承或者只含有其中一个时，转轴长度缩短(压气机长度缩短，当压气机用在微型燃气轮机等设备中时，设备的整体长度会缩小，集成化更高)，容易保障轴上零件同轴度，加工更容易，集成度高，整机可靠性高。
所述径向轴承选自静压气体轴承、动压气体轴承或动静压混合气体轴承。
所述径向轴承的两头套设环形胶圈阻尼器。
所述转子上可设或者不设推力轴承，具体根据轴向力计算结果确定，如果轴向力过大、难以抵消，则需要设置推力轴承。
实施例4
一种风冷压气机，包括：转子1、定子41、线圈42、壳体、叶轮2以及至少一个主气道，如图1所示，其中，所述转子1上套设所述定子41及线圈42，所述定子41及线圈42外罩设所述壳体，所述壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，所述叶轮2套设在转子1末端迎向进气设置，所述主气道环绕所述定子41设置，所述主气道末端的出口经所述叶轮2连接高压气腔。
主气道包括第一气道P1和第二气道P2。如图1所示，定子41及线圈42外罩设第一壳体31，且定子41与第一壳体31固定，第一壳体31的前端和末端分别设置第一前端盖32和第一后端盖33；第二壳体51环绕第一壳体31设置，第二壳体51末端设置第二端盖52，第三壳体6设置在压气机末端，和第二端盖52之间围成高压腔体；第一气道P1包括第一壳体31和第二壳体51之间的腔体、第一后端盖33和第二端盖52之间的腔体，第一气道P1为进气主气道；第二气道P2包括定子41及线圈42和转子1外壁之间间隙、定子41及线圈42和第一前端盖32的间隙、定子41及线圈42和第一后端盖33的间隙；第二气道P2为风冷气道。第二气道P2入口设置在第一壳体31的前端或者设置在第一前端盖32上，出口设置在第一后端盖33上，冷风经第二气道P2出口汇入第一气道P1；叶轮2套设在转子1末端，迎向进气设置，叶轮2的叶片与第二端盖52的锥形筒之间留有缝隙，以便随着转子1转动，气体自第一气道P1末端流经叶片之间的间隙经压缩后进入所述高压腔体。
所述第二端盖52(相当于静子)上正对叶轮叶片的部分均匀开设一圈或多圈气孔，该处进气后可分解为轴向和径向的气流，径向气流将使叶轮悬浮于静子内稳定转动，轴向气流将叶轮向后推，静子用作空气轴承同时起到了径向轴承和推力轴承的作用。
所述转子上套设径向轴承，或不设径向轴承。设有两个径向轴承时，相当于共有三个径向轴承支撑，整体振动小，运行稳定。不设径向轴承或者只含有其中一个时，转轴长度缩短 (压气机长度缩短，当压气机用在微型燃气轮机等设备中时，设备的整体长度会缩小，集成化更高)，容易保障轴上零件同轴度，加工更容易，集成度高，整机可靠性高。
所述径向轴承选自静压气体轴承、动压气体轴承或动静压混合气体轴承。
所述径向轴承的两头套设环形胶圈阻尼器。
所述转子上可设或者不设推力轴承，具体根据轴向力计算结果确定，如果轴向力过大、难以抵消，则需要设置推力轴承。
给本领域技术人员提供上述实施例，以完全公开和描述如何实施和使用所主张的实施方案，而不是用于限制本文公开的范围。对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的修饰将在所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种风冷压气机，其特征在于：包括转子、叶轮和至少一个主气道，其中，所述转子上套设电机，电机外罩设壳体；所述壳体在压气机末端围拢形成高压腔体，所述叶轮套设在转子末端迎向进气设置，所述主气道环绕定子设置，所述主气道末端的出口经叶轮连接高压气腔；所述叶轮为闭式叶轮，具体结构为：包括后盖、叶片、套体和前盖，其中，后盖设置在套体尾端，且后盖与套体中心设置一体的通孔用于套设并固定于转轴上；叶片环绕套体设置且朝同一方向旋转，叶片的一端与套体外壁连接，另一端与后盖端面连接；前盖罩设于叶片上，静子罩住前盖；前盖呈圆台环状；前盖的进气面为沿叶片脊线轮廓光滑过渡的曲面，背气面设有与叶片端部相吻合的凹槽，各凹槽对应的叶片端部嵌入凹槽内紧配合连接；叶片、后盖和前盖之间形成流道；前盖尾部和后盖之间由叶片隔成间隔的出风口，气体由叶片前部经流道从出风口流出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的风冷压气机，其特征在于：所述后盖、叶片和套体一体成型；
    或/和：所述叶片外缘在轴向上凸出于后盖端面；
    或/和：所述叶片包括较长的主叶片和较短的分流叶片，主叶片和分流叶片依次间隔设置；所述前盖凹槽分为主叶片槽和分流叶片槽，分别对应主叶片和分流叶片端部设置；
    或/和：所述前盖的前沿凸出于叶片前沿，或平于叶片前沿，或短于叶片前沿。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的风冷压气机，其特征在于：所述前盖由碳纤维复合材料制成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的风冷压气机，其特征在于：所述叶轮设置为多级，每一级叶轮串联套设在转子上，上一级叶轮的出气口连通下一级叶轮的进气口，逐级压缩气体。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的风冷压气机，其特征在于：所述壳体包括第一壳体、第二壳体以及第三壳体，所述主气道包括第一气道或/和第三气道；所述定子及线圈外罩设第一壳体，且定子与第一壳体固定；所述第一壳体的前端和末端分别设置第一前端盖和第一后端盖；所述第二壳体环绕第一壳体设置，第二壳体末端设置第二端盖；所述第三壳体设置在压气机末端，和第二端盖之间围成高压腔体；所述第一壳体和第二壳体之间的腔体、第一后端盖和第二端盖之间的腔体形成所述第一气道；所述第三气道轴向贯穿定子。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的风冷压气机，其特征在于：所述第二端盖上正对叶轮叶片或前盖的部分均匀开设一圈或多圈气孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1或5或6所述的风冷压气机，其特征在于：所述转子上套设径向轴承，或不设径向轴承；
    或/和：所述径向轴承选自静压气体轴承、动压气体轴承或动静压混合气体轴承；
    或/和：所述径向轴承的两头套设环形胶圈阻尼器。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的风冷压气机，其特征在于：所述压气机还包括第二气道；所述定子及线圈和转子外壁之前的间隙、定子及线圈和第一前端盖之间的间隙、定子及线圈和第一后端盖之间的间隙形成第二气道，所述第二气道入口设置在第一壳体的前端或者设置在第一前端盖上，出口设置在第一后端盖上且与第一气道或/和第三气道连通。
  9. 根据权利要求1或6所述的风冷压气机，其特征在于：所述转子进气端设置推力轴承，包括第一推力盘以及第二推力盘，两个推力盘均包括盘部和套筒部，两个推力盘的套筒部对接固定在转子上，两个推力盘内端面和套筒部外部之间形成止推槽，所述止推槽内设置推力轴承；所述推力轴承顶部凸出于止推槽的部分两侧分别由盖体和壳体卡住，所述盖体和壳体固定连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的风冷压气机，其特征在于：所述推力轴承为动静压混合的空气轴承；所述推力轴承包括第一推力部和第二推力部，第一推力部和第二推力部相对设置，第二推力部的内侧端面开设环形气腔，该环形气腔连通外部气体；第一推力盘内侧端面和第一推力部外侧端面的第一间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，第二推力盘内侧端面和第二推力部外侧端面的第二间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，第二推力部的内圈侧壁和推力槽侧壁之间的第三间隙通过气孔连通环形气腔，所述壳体上设置进气管经第二推力部上的进气道连通环形气腔；
    或/和，所述第一推力部外端面和盖体之间、第二推力部外端面和壳体之间均设置弹簧阻尼器或胶圈阻尼器；或/和，所述第一推力部内端面和第二推力部内端面之间设置弹簧阻尼器或胶圈阻尼器；
    或/和，所述第一推力部和第二推力部的外端面设置空气槽；或/和两推力盘上分别与第一推力部和第二推力部的外端面相对的面上设置空气槽。
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